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He briefly studied with pianist Sal Mosca , who was a student of the legendary Lennie Tristano .	He briefly studied with pianist Sal Mosca .
After graduating from Stockholm , Pohjola moved to Boston , Massachusetts to study under a scholarship at Berklee College of Music .	Encouraged by Alvaro Is Rojas , Pohjola moved to Boston , Massachusetts to study at Berklee College of Music .
He then studied drums , and in 1979 piano and basic music theory with his father , Heikki Pohjola , who is a notable Finnish jazz guitarist .	He started studying piano and music theory with his father , Heikki Pohjola in 1979 .
In the years 1995-2008 , he was also the jazz principal and big band leader at the international Nilsiä Summer Music Camp .	Pohjola has since 1995 been a jazz piano principal at the Nilsiä Music Camp in Finland .
In the Fall 1987 , Pohjola moved to Stockholm , Sweden to study jazz and classical music at the Södra Latin Music Gymnasium .	After completing his classical studies , Pohjola moved to Stockholm , Sweden to study jazz music .
The following year , Pohjola entered the Vantaa Conservatory in classical piano , music theory , counterpoint and composition .	He then studied classical piano , music theory and counterpoint at the Vantaa Music Institute .
In 1981 , young Pohjola entered the Helsinki cathedral boy choir , Cantores Minores under the direction of the German immigrant , Heinz Hofmann .	In 1982 , he started singing in the Helsinki cathedral boy choir , Cantores Minores .
Pohjola was invited to Ukraine in 1999 , 2001 and 2002 as the cultural representative of the Finnish Foreign Ministry .	Pohjola was also invited to play in Ukraine in 1999 , 2001 and 2002 .
Pohjola is a Steinway Distinguished Artist since 1997 , and a major visiting artist at Berklee College of Music since 2006 .	In 2006 Pohjola was invited as a lecturer to Berklee College of Music as a major visiting artist .
Mika Pohjola was born in Helsinki , Finland , and grew up in the neighboring city of Vantaa .	Mika Pohjola lived in Vantaa , Finland , outside Helsinki until 1987 .
Several months later , the band received a phone call from Robert John `` Mutt '' Lange , who had heard the band were beginning to write a new album , and expressed an interest in producing it .	Several months later , the band received a phone call from Robert John `` Mutt '' Lange , who had heard that the band were beginning to write a new album , and expressed an interest in producing it .
In a press release on their official website , the album is described as `` a killer hybrid of rock , pop , funk and R&B . ''	In a press release on their official website , the album is described as `` a killer hybrid of rock , pop , funk and R&B '' .
The band began writing the songs from the third album , after winding down from a world tour in support of their second album It Wo n't Be Soon Before Long .	Maroon 5 began writing the songs that appear on Hands All Over after winding down from a world tour in support of their 2007 studio release It Wo n't Be Soon Before Long .
On July 12 , 2011 , the band re-released the album to include their summer hit `` Moves like Jagger '' .	The track `` Moves Like Jagger '' was added to the deluxe edition of the album on July 5 , 2011 after its release on June 22 , 2011 .
Hands All Over is the third studio album by the American pop rock band Maroon 5 .	Hands All Over is the third studio album released under A&M \ / Octone Records by pop\/rock Grammy Award winning band Maroon 5 .
Polonaise is a Polish dance and is one of the five historic national dances of Poland .	The polonaise is a Polish dance .
When exposed to antibiotics , most bacteria die quickly , but some may have mutations that make them slightly less susceptible .	When exposed to antibiotics , most bacteria die quickly , but some have mutations that make them slightly less susceptible .
This is an example of what is known as an evolutionary arms race , in which bacteria continue to develop strains that are less susceptible to antibiotics , while medical researchers continue to develop new antibiotics that can kill them .	This leads to what is known as an evolutionary arms race , or co-evolution , in which bacteria continue to develop strains that are less susceptible to antibiotics , while medical researchers continue to develop new antibiotics that can kill them .
Given enough time and repeated exposure to the antibiotic , a population of antibiotic-resistant bacteria will emerge .	Given enough time , and repeated exposure to the antibiotic , a population of antibiotic-resistant bacteria will emerge .
Natural populations of bacteria contain , among their vast numbers of individual members , considerable variation in their genetic material , primarily as the result of mutations .	Natural populations of bacteria contain , among their vast numbers of individual members , considerable variation in their genetic material , as the result of mutations .
Since the discovery of penicillin in 1928 , antibiotics have been used to fight bacterial diseases .	Since the discovery of penicillin in 1928 by Alexander Fleming , antibiotics have been used to fight bacterial diseases .
A similar situation occurs with pesticide resistance in plants and insects .	A similar situation occurs with pesticide resistance in plants and insects , and with malarial resistance to quinine .
The balance was reversed by the effect of the Clean Air Act 1956 , and the dark moths became rare again , demonstrating the influence of natural selection on peppered moth evolution .	One famous case study is the peppered moth evolution , and there are many other examples .
It has housed thirty popes , four kings and eleven presidents of the Italian Republic .	It housed thirty popes , four kings and eleven presidents of the Italian Republic .
The Quirinal Palace ( known in Italian as the Palazzo del Quirinale or simply Quirinale ) is a historic building in Rome , Italy , the current official residence of the President of the Italian Republic .	The Quirinal Palace ( known in Italian as the Palazzo del Quirinale or simply Quirinale ) is a historical building in Rome , Italy .
The current site of the palace has been in use since Roman times , as excavations in the gardens testify .	The current site of the palace has been in use since Roman times .
The monarchy was abolished in 1946 and the Palace became the official residence and workplace for the Presidents of the Italian Republic .	In 1946 , the palace became the official residence and workplace for the Presidents of the Italian Republic .
It is located on the Quirinal Hill , the highest of the seven hills of Rome .	The palace is on the Quirinal Hill , the tallest of the seven hills of Rome .
It served as a papal residence and housed the central offices responsible for the civil government of the Papal States until 1870 .	The palace was a papal residence until 1870 .
Among its diverse and expansive exhibits , the Museum features a full-size replica coal mine , a German submarine ( U-505 ) captured during World War II , a 3,500-square-foot ( 330 m2 ) model railroad , the first diesel-powered streamlined stainless-steel passenger train ( Pioneer Zephyr ) , and the Apollo 8 spacecraft that carried the first humans to orbit the Moon .	It has a full-size replica coal mine , a German submarine ( U-505 ) captured during World War II , a 3,500-square-foot ( 330 m2 ) model railroad , the first diesel-powered streamlined stainless-steel passenger train ( Pioneer Zephyr ) , and the Apollo 8 spacecraft that carried the first humans to the Moon .
The Museum of Science and Industry ( MSI ) is located in Chicago , Illinois , USA in Jackson Park , in the Hyde Park neighborhood between Lake Michigan and The University of Chicago .	It is in Jackson Park , in the Hyde Park neighborhood between Lake Michigan and The University of Chicago .
It is the largest science museum in the Western Hemisphere .	MSI is the largest science museum in the Western Hemisphere .
Initially endowed by Julius Rosenwald , the Sears , Roebuck and Company president and philanthropist , it was supported by the Commercial Club of Chicago and opened in 1933 during the Century of Progress Exposition .	The museum was sponsored by Julius Rosenwald , the Sears , Roebuck and Company president and philanthropist .
The first opening ceremony took place during the Century of Progress Exposition .	It opened in 1933 during the Century of Progress Exposition .
At this time , the Commercial Club of Chicago was interested in establishing a science museum in Chicago .	It was supported by the Commercial Club of Chicago .
Rothbard asserted that all services provided by the `` monopoly system of the corporate state '' could be provided more efficiently by the private sector and wrote that the state is `` the organization of robbery systematized and writ large . ''	Rothbard thought that all services provided by monopoly governments could be provided more efficiently by the private sector .
Murray Newton Rothbard ( \ / ˈmʌri ˈrɑːθbɑrd \ / ; March 2 , 1926 - January 7 , 1995 ) was an American heterodox economist of the Austrian School , a revisionist historian , and a political theorist whose writings and personal influence played a seminal role in the development of modern libertarianism .	Murray Newton Rothbard ( March 2 , 1926 - January 7 , 1995 ) was an American economist and writer .
The prizes for this cycle were : The winner of the competition was 18 year-old Letitia Herod from Surrey , England .	The winner was 18-year-old Letitia Herod .
The track peaked at No. 18 on Hot Latin Tracks and No. 1 on the Latin Tropical Airplay .	The track peaked at # 18 on Hot Latin Tracks and # 1 on the Latin Tropical Airplay .
`` Si Una Vez '' ( `` If Once '' ) is a song by Mexican-American Tejano pop singer Selena , released as the fifth single from her album Amor Prohibido ( 1994 ) .	`` Si Una Vez '' ( English : `` If Once '' ) is a song by American singer Selena .
Jürgen Klinsmann ( born 30 July 1964 ) is a German football manager and former player who is currently the head coach of the United States national team .	Jürgen Klinsmann ( born 30 July 1964 in Göppingen ) is a German football player who started in Stuttgart , a club in Germany , when he was seventeen .
On 29 July 2011 , the US Soccer Federation , named Klinsmann the coach of the United States men 's national team .	Since August 2011 Klinsmann is coaching the American soccer national team .
The Republican People 's Party ( Turkish : Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi , CHP ) is a Kemalist , social democratic political party in Turkey .	The Republican People 's Party ( Turkish : Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi , CHP ) is the oldest political party in Turkey .
On 9 September 1923 , the `` People 's Party '' officially declared itself as a political organization and on October 29 , 1923 , announced the establishment of the Turkish Republic .	On September 9 , 1923 , the organization officially declared itself as a political party and it was the Republican People 's Party .
It took place on December 13 , 2009 at the AT&T Center in San Antonio , Texas .	TLC : Tables , Ladders & Chairs ( 2009 ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , that took place on December 13 , 2009 at the AT&T Center in San Antonio , Texas .
He died five months later on November 18 , 1994 .	He died six months later on November 18 , 1994 .
Cabell `` Cab '' Calloway III ( December 25 , 1907 - November 18 , 1994 ) was a jazz singer and bandleader .	Cabell `` Cab '' Calloway III ( December 25 , 1907 - November 18 , 1994 ) was an American jazz musician and actor .
On June 12 , 1994 , Calloway suffered a severe stroke .	In May 1994 , Calloway suffered a stroke .
In 1931 he recorded his most famous song , `` Minnie the Moocher '' .	In 1931 he recorded his most famous song , ' `` Minnie the Moocher . '' '
Settlement in Appenzell started in the 7th and the 8th century alongside the river Glatt .	Settlement in Appenzell began in the 7th and the 8th century alongside the river Glatt .
Appenzell Ausserrhoden is located in the north east of Switzerland , bordering the cantons of St. Gallen and Appenzell Innerrhoden .	Appenzell Ausserrhoden is in the northeast of Switzerland , next to the cantons of St. Gallen and Appenzell Innerrhoden .
Appenzell joined the Confederation as an `` Associate Member '' , and did not become a full member until 1513 .	In 1513 Appenzell joined the Swiss confederation as the 13th canton .
In his law of effect , Thorndike theorized that behaviors followed by satisfying consequences tend to be repeated and those that produce unpleasant consequences are less likely to be repeated .	In his law of effect , Thorndike theorized that behaviors followed by satisfying consequences tend to be repeated , and those that produce unpleasant consequences are less likely to be repeated .
With experience , ineffective responses occurred less frequently and successful responses occurred more frequently , enabling the cats to escape in less time over successive trials .	With experience , successful responses occurred more frequently , enabling the cats to escape in less time .
Operant conditioning , sometimes called instrumental learning , was first extensively studied by Jerzy Konorski and next by Edward L. Thorndike ( 1874-1949 ) , who observed the behavior of cats trying to escape from home-made puzzle boxes .	Operant conditioning , sometimes called instrumental learning , was first extensively studied by Edward L. Thorndike ( 1874-1949 ) .
Thorndike produced the first known animal learning curves through this procedure .	Thorndike produced the first known learning curves by this procedure .
B.F. Skinner ( 1904-1990 ) is the person whose work is most often cited in connection with operant conditioning .	B.F. Skinner ( 1904-1990 ) worked out a more detailed analysis of operant conditioning .
When first constrained in the boxes , the cats took a long time to escape .	When first put in the boxes , cats took a long time to escape .
Operant conditioning ( or instrumental conditioning ) is a type of learning in which an individual 's behavior is modified by its antecedents and consequences .	Operant conditioning is a form of learning .
Operant conditioning is distinguished from classical conditioning ( or respondent conditioning ) in that operant conditioning deals with the reinforcement and punishment to change behavior .	Operant conditioning deals with the voluntary modification of behavior ; classical conditioning with training a reflex .
It is important to realize that some terminology in operant conditioning is used in a way that is different to everyday use .	That consequence may be There are four different contexts in operant conditioning .
Reinforcement and punishment are the core tools of operant conditioning .	Principles of operant conditioning :
To implement his empirical approach , Skinner invented the operant conditioning chamber in which subjects such as pigeons and rats were isolated from extraneous stimuli and free to make one or two simple , repeatable responses .	Skinner invented the operant conditioning chamber which allowed him to measure rate of response as a key dependent variable .
In 18th - and 19th-century schools , slate was extensively used for blackboards and individual writing slates for which slate or chalk pencils were used .	Slate was used for blackboards and writing tablets in schools .
Slate is a fine-grained , foliated , homogeneous metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash through low-grade regional metamorphism .	Slate is a metamorphic rock .
In areas where it is available , high-quality slate is used for tombstones and commemorative tablets .	Roofing slates are used in many countries , though ceramic tiles have gradually taken over .
Due to its thermal stability and chemical inertness , slate has been used for laboratory bench tops and for billiard table tops .	Thick slate is used for billiard tables and laboratory bench tops , where its resistance to temperature changes and chemicals is useful .
Slate tiles are often used for interior and exterior flooring , stairs , walkways and wall cladding .	Heavier slates can be used for flooring ( inside and outside ) .
Food aid is available for refugees there , but its supply has been tenuous due to the policies of al-Shabab .	Food aid is available for refugees there but its supply has been tenuous due to the policies of al-Shabab .
It formed as a result of the 2011 East Africa drought and famine , and now houses roughly 30,000 refugees .	It formed as a result of the 2011 East Africa drought and famine .
The limited access to food has been a source of violence in the camp , and there has also been looting by freelance militias and government forces .	The limited access to food has been a source of violence in the camp .
Robert Joseph `` Bob '' Dole ( born July 22 , 1923 ) is an American politician who represented Kansas in the United States Senate from 1969 to 1996 and in the House of Representatives from 1961 to 1969 .	Robert Joseph Dole ( born July 22 , 1923 ) is a former United States Senator from Kansas .
The NPY Women 's Council has achieved recognition for its work , awards include :	The area covered includes : The NPY Women 's Council has achieved recognition for its work .
It provides a range of community , family , research and advocacy services .	It provides a range of community , family , research and advocacy services , and represents the interests of women and their communities .
The Ngaanyatjarra , Pitjantjatjara and Yankunytjatjara Women 's Council ( NPY Women 's Council ) is a community based community organization formed in 1980 delivering services to the Ngaanyatjarra , Pitjantjatjara and Yankunytjatjara women in the central desert region of Australia across the borders of the Northern Territory , South Australia , Western Australia with its headquarters in Alice Springs .	The Ngaanyatjarra Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Women 's Council ( NPY Women 's Council , or NPYWC ) is a community-based organization that serves women of the Ngaanyatjarra , Pitjantjatjara and Yankunytjatjara communities in remote central Australia .
The Maurice `` Rocket '' Richard Trophy , also known as the Maurice Richard Trophy , is awarded annually to the leading goal scorer in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) .	The Maurice `` Rocket '' Richard Trophy , sometimes known as the Maurice Richard Trophy is a trophy in the National Hockey League awarded to the leading goal scorer each year .
The current holder is Alexander Ovechkin of the Washington Capitals , who scored 32 goals during the 2012-13 season .	The current holder of the trophy is Alexander Ovechkin of the Washington Capitals .
Nintendo later released the Nintendo Channel , which allows Wii owners to download game demos or additional data to their Nintendo DS in a process similar to that of a DS Download Station .	The Nintendo Channel is used to watch videos , collect and send feedback on certain Wii titles , and to download Nintendo DS game demos to a Nintendo DS using the DS Download Service .
The Wii Remote is the primary controller for the console .	The Wii uses a controller , called the Wii Remote , that is very different from the controllers of other video game consoles .
Software compatibility is achieved by the slot-loading drive 's ability to accept Nintendo GameCube Game Discs .	Games can be played on this channel after a game disc , or Nintendo GameCube disc , is put in the disc slot .
The Wii 's successor , the Wii U , was released on November 18 , 2012 .	It was succeeded by the Wii U in 2012 .
Leipzig University , founded 1409 , is one of Europe 's oldest universities .	In 1409 , Leipzig University was started .
A terminus of the first German long distance railway to Dresden ( the capital of Saxony ) in 1839 , Leipzig became a hub of Central European railway traffic , with Leipzig Hauptbahnhof the largest terminal station by area in Europe .	The Leipzig Hauptbahnhof ( Central Station ) is the biggest terminal station in Europe .
Leipzig has an extensive local public transport network .	Leipzig has a long history .
They are completely amphibious fish , fish that can use their pectoral fins to walk on land .	They are amphibious fish , which means that they can use their pectoral fins to `` walk '' on land .
It grows to a length of about 9.5 cm and is a carnivorous opportunist feeder .	It grows to a length of about 9.5 cm and is a carnivorous ( meat-eating ) opportunist feeder , which means it will eat anything it comes upon .
Another species , Periophthalmus barbarus , is the only oxudercine goby that inhabits the coastal areas of western Africa .	Another species , Periophthalmus barbarus , is the only oxudercine goby that lives in the coastal areas of western Africa ( Murdy , 1989 ) .
They are found in tropical , subtropical and temperate regions , including the Indo-Pacific and the Atlantic coast of Africa .	They are found in places that are tropical , subtropical and temperate .
The genus Periophthalmus is by far the most diverse and widespread genus of mudskipper .	The genus ( a group of closely related species ) Periophthalmus is by far the most diverse and widespread group of mudskipper .
Being amphibious , they are uniquely adapted to intertidal habitats , unlike most fish in such habitats which survive the retreat of the tide by hiding under wet seaweed or in tidal pools .	Most fish that live in these habitats hide under wet seaweed or in tidal pools to not get pulled away when the tide goes out .
Mudskippers are quite active when out of water , feeding and interacting with one another , for example to defend their territories .	Mudskippers are active when they are out of the water .
These include : Even when their burrow is submerged , mudskippers maintain an air pocket inside it , which allows them to breathe in conditions of very low oxygen concentration .	These include : Even when their burrow is underwater , mudskippers have an air pocket inside it .
His directorial work includes Home Alone ( 1990 ) , Only the Lonely ( 1991 ) , Home Alone 2 : Lost in New York ( 1992 ) , Mrs. Doubtfire ( 1993 ) , Nine Months ( 1995 ) , Stepmom ( 1998 ) , Bicentennial Man ( 1999 ) , Harry Potter and the Sorcerer 's Stone ( 2001 ) , Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets ( 2002 ) , Rent ( 2005 ) , I Love You Beth Cooper ( 2009 ) and Percy Jackson & the Olympians : The Lightning Thief ( 2010 ) .	His directorial work includes Home Alone ( 1990 ) , Only the Lonely ( 1991 ) , Home Alone 2 : Lost in New York ( 1992 ) , Mrs. Doubtfire ( 1993 ) , Nine Months ( 1995 ) , Stepmom ( 1998 ) , Bicentennial Man ( 1999 ) , Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone ( 2001 ) , Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets ( 2002 ) , Rent ( 2005 ) , I Love You Beth Cooper ( 2009 ) and Percy Jackson & the Olympians : The Lightning Thief ( 2010 ) .
Chris Joseph Columbus ( born September 10 , 1958 ) is an American film director , producer and screenwriter .	Chris Joseph Columbus ( born September 10 , 1958 ) is an American movie director , producer and screenwriter .
He graduated from John F. Kennedy High School in Warren , Ohio and from New York University 's film school at the Tisch School of the Arts .	He graduated from John F. Kennedy High School in Warren , Ohio and from New York University 's movie school at the Tisch School of the Arts .
Columbus worked as a screenwriter with Steven Spielberg 's Amblin Entertainment , working on Gremlins ( 1984 ) , The Goonies ( 1985 ) and Young Sherlock Holmes ( 1985 ) .	Columbus worked as a screenwriter with Steven Spielberg 's Amblin Productions , working on Gremlins ( 1984 ) , The Goonies ( 1985 ) and Young Sherlock Holmes ( 1985 ) .
Columbus founded his production company named 1492 Pictures in 1995 , intended as a play to Columbus 's more famous namesake , Christopher Columbus , with 1492 being the year of the explorer 's first voyage .	Columbus founded his production company named 1492 Pictures in 1995 , intended as a play to Columbus 's more famous namesake , Christopher Columbus .
The character types preferred by Columbus are the everyday American men , women and children who struggle to uphold family traditions against a changing , sometimes intimidating society .	The character types preferred by Columbus are the everyday American men , women and children who struggle to uphold family traditions against a changing , sometimes intimidating ( scary ) society .
Columbus was born in Spangler , Pennsylvania and raised in Champion , Ohio , the son of Mary Irene ( née Puskar ) , a factory worker , and Alex Michael Columbus , an aluminum plant worker and coal miner .	He is the son of Mary Irene ( née Puskar ) and Alex Michael Columbus .
Columbus is known for directing such movies as Harry Potter and the Sorcerer 's Stone ( 2001 ) , Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets ( 2002 ) , Mrs. Doubtfire ( 1993 ) , Home Alone ( 1990 ) and Home Alone 2 : Lost in New York ( 1992 ) .	His most successful movies are Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone , Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets , Mrs. Doubtfire , and Home Alone .

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