gowitheflow/embedding-datasets · Datasets at Hugging Face

sentence1 stringlengths 1 8.54k	sentence2 stringlengths 1 15.9k ⌀
Its playful , whimsical language has given English nonsense words and neologisms such as `` galumphing '' and `` chortle '' .	Its playful , whimsical language has given us nonsense words and neologisms such as `` galumphing '' and `` chortle '' .
`` Jabberwocky '' is considered one of the greatest nonsense poems written in English .	This is now thought to be one of the greatest nonsense poems written in English .
Many of the words in the poem are playful nonce words of Carroll 's own invention , without intended explicit meaning .	Many of the words in the poem are playful words of Carroll 's own invention , without special meaning .
`` Jabberwocky '' is a nonsense poem written by Lewis Carroll in his 1871 novel Through the Looking-Glass , and What Alice Found There , a sequel to Alice 's Adventures in Wonderland .	Jabberwocky is a nonsense poem written by Lewis Carroll in his 1871 novel Through the Looking-Glass .
In Through the Looking-Glass , the character of Humpty Dumpty , in response to Alice 's request , explains to her the non-sense words from the first stanza of the poem ; however , Carroll 's personal commentary on several of the words differ from Humpty 's .	However , Carroll 's personal commentary on several of the words differ from Humpty 's .
Historian Sean B. Palmer suggests that Carroll was inspired by a section from Shakespeare 's Hamlet , citing the lines : `` The graves stood tenantless , and the sheeted dead\/Did squeak and gibber in the Roman streets '' from Act I , Scene i. John Tenniel reluctantly agreed to illustrate the book in 1871 , and his illustrations are still the defining images of the poem .	John Tenniel reluctantly agreed to illustrate the book in 1871 , and his illustrations are still the defining images of the poem .
Stephen Prickett notes that in the context of Darwin and Mantell 's publications and vast exhibitions of dinosaurs , such as those at the Crystal Palace from 1845 , it is unsurprising that Tenniel gave the Jabberwock `` the leathery wings of a pterodactyl and the long scaly neck and tail of a sauropod . ''	Perhaps it is not so surprising that Tenniel gave the Jabberwock `` the leathery wings of a pterodactyl and the long scaly neck and tail of a sauropod '' .
The concept of nonsense verse was not original to Carroll , who would have known of chapbooks such as The World Turned Upside Down and stories such as `` The Great Panjundrum '' .	The concept of nonsense verse was not original to Carroll .
During the Franco-Prussian War , on 2 September 1870 the French emperor Napoleon III was taken prisoner with 100,000 of his soldiers at the First Battle of Sedan .	During the Franco-Prussian War , on 2 September 1870 the French emperor Napoleon III was taken prisoner with 100,000 of his soldiers at the Battle of Sedan .
Their most illustrious representative , Marshal Turenne , was born at Sedan on 11 September 1611 .	The most famous member of the family , Marshal Turenne , was born at Sedan on 11 September 1611 .
Construction started in 1424 and the castle 's defences were constantly improved over the ages .	Building started in 1424 and the castle 's defences were improved over the years .
Due to this major victory , which also made the unification of Germany possible , 2 September was declared `` Sedan Day '' ( Sedantag ) and a national German holiday in 1871 .	Because of this major victory , which also made the `` Second Reich '' of Germany possible , 2 September was declared `` Sedan Day '' ( Sedantag ) and a national German holiday in 1871 .
Sedan was occupied by the Germans for four years during World War I . During World War II the German troops first invaded neutral Belgium and crossed the Meuse River by winning the Second Battle of Sedan that lasted from 12 to 15 May 1940 .	In World War II the German army invaded neutral Belgium and crossed the Meuse River in Sedan .
Sedan was founded in 1424 .	Sedan was built in 1424 .
In the sixteenth century Sedan was an asylum for Protestant refugees from the Wars of Religion .	In the sixteenth century Sedan was a safe place for Protestants escaping from the Wars of Religion .
It is around 10 kilometres ( 6 mi ) from the Belgian border .	It is about 10 km ( 6 miles ) from Belgium , and about 200 km ( 120 miles ) from Paris .
The historic center is built on a peninsula formed by an arc of the Meuse River .	The old center is on land within a curve of the Meuse River .
Today Sedan is known for its castle , that is claimed to be the largest fortified medieval castle in Europe with a total area of 30,000 square metres ( 36,000 sq yd ) on seven levels .	Sedan Castle may be the biggest of its kind in Europe with a total area of 30,000 square metres on seven levels .
The powder melts , flows , and then hardens to a smooth , durable vitreous coating on metal , or on glass or ceramics .	The powder melts , flows , and then hardens to a smooth , durable coating on metal , or on glass or ceramics .
Vitreous enamel , also porcelain enamel in US English , is a material made by fusing powdered glass to a substrate by firing , usually between 750 and 850 ° C ( 1,380 and 1,560 ° F ) .	Sometimes called vitreous or porcelain enamel , it is made by fusing powdered glass to a base by firing , usually between 750 and 850 ° C ( 1,380 and 1,560 ° F ) .
It is included in the Danville , Virginia Metropolitan Statistical Area .	It is in the Danville , Virginia metropolitan statistical area .
There are several bed & breakfast establishments located on Main Street in historic Greek Revival homes .	There are several bed and breakfast places on Main Street in historic Greek Revival homes .
There is a large U.S. Department of Agriculture office to support farmers in the area and a small branch office of the U.S. Forestry Service .	There is a large U.S. Department of Agriculture office to help farmers in the area .
Chatham is the county seat for Pittsylvania County and has held that status since 1777 .	Chatham is the county seat for Pittsylvania County .
There is a walking tour of this downtown historic district and a brochure for this is available at the Town Hall , or at the Historical Society building next to Town Hall .	There is a walking tour of the downtown historic district .
Chatham is a town in Pittsylvania County , Virginia , United States .	Chatham has the oldest continually used building in Pittsylvania County .
The State of Virginia has built a new state prison at the site of an old work-release camp and this led to infrastructure upgrades in fire and water services to support the increased population .	The State of Virginia built a new prison where there used to be a work-release camp .
On Confederate Memorial Day each year , the local chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy places flowers at the statue of a Confederate soldier which is prominent in the front of the historic Pittsylvania County Court House .	On Confederate Memorial Day each year , the Daughters of the Confederacy puts flowers at the statue of a Confederate soldier .
As of the census of 2000 , there were 1,338 people , 554 households , and 350 families residing in the town .	At the 2000 census , 1,338 people lived there .
It is the home to the oldest continually used building in Pittsylvania County , once an 18th-century tavern , since turned into a house and now occupied by Chatham Hall faculty .	It is now a house used by Chatham Hall faculty .
Transit ISPs provide large amounts of bandwidth for connecting hosting ISPs and access ISPs .	ISPs provide different services .
The Bosporan Kingdom was the longest surviving Roman client kingdom .	The Bosporan Kingdom was the longest surviving known Roman Client Kingdom ( allied state ) .
At the end of the 2nd century , King Sauromates II inflicted a critical defeat on the Scythians and included all the territories of the Crimea in the structure of his state .	In the end of the 2nd century the King Sauromates II inflicted a critical defeat to the Scythians ( a nomadic tribe ) and included all the territories of the Crimea in the structure of his state .
It was a Roman province from 63 to 68 AD , under Emperor Nero .	It was a Roman Province between 63 to 68 , under Roman Emperor Nero .
The Bosporan Kingdom ( also known as the Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus ) was an ancient state located in eastern Crimea and the Taman Peninsula , on the shores of the Cimmerian Bosporus ( now known as the Strait of Kerch ) .	The Bosporan Kingdom ( often called Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus ) was an ancient empire , covering the Crimea and a lot of the north coast of the Black Sea .
The prosperity of the Bosporan Kingdom was based on the export of wheat , fish and slaves .	The Bosporan Kingdom became rich from selling wheat , fish and slaves to rest of Europe .
A person who plays the cello is called a cellist .	A person who plays the cello is called a `` cellist '' .
The cello is used as a solo instrument , as well as in chamber music ensembles , string orchestras , and as a member of the string section of symphony orchestras .	It has many uses : as a solo instrument , in chamber music and also in orchestras .
The name cello is an abbreviation of the Italian violoncello , which means `` little violone '' , referring to the violone ( `` big viol '' ) , the lowest-pitched instrument of the viol family , the group of string instruments that went out of fashion around the end of the 17th century in most countries except France , where they survived another half-century or so before the louder violin family came into greater favor in that country , too .	The name violoncello , means `` little violone '' .
Modern cellos often have fine-tuners connecting the strings to the tailpiece , which make it much easier to tune the instrument , but such pins are rendered ineffective by the flexibility of the gut strings used on Baroque cellos .	The cello also has 4 strings .
A computer network or data network is a telecommunications network that allows computers to exchange data .	Some basic types of computer networks include : Computers can be part of several different networks .
Pope Benedict XIII ( Latin : Benedictus XIII ; 2 February 1650 - 21 February 1730 ) , born Pietro Francesco Orsini , later Friar Vincenzo Maria Orsini , O.P. , was Pope from 29 May 1724 to his death in 1730 .	Pope Benedict XIII ( Latin : Benedict Tertius Decimus ; 2 February 1649 - 21 February 1730 ) , born Pietro Francesco Orsini , later Friar Vincenzo Maria Orsini , O.P. , was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 246th Pope from 1724 until his death in 1730 .
He was a member of the Orsini of Rome , the third and last member of that family to become Pope .	He was the third and last member of the Orsini family to be a pope .
This emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine ( misasagi ) at Nara .	According to the Imperial Household Agency , this emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine ( misasagi ) at Nara .
Emperor Chūai ( 仲哀天皇 , Chūai-tennō ? )	Emperor Chūai ( 仲哀天皇 , , Chūai-tennō ? )
No firm dates can be assigned to this emperor 's life or reign , but he is conventionally considered to have reigned from 192-200 .	No certain dates can be assigned to this emperor 's life or reign .
; also known as Tarashinakatsuhiko no Sumeramikoto ; was the 14th emperor of Japan , according to the traditional order of succession .	was the 14th emperor of Japan , according to the traditional order of succession .
The site of Chūai 's grave is not known .	The actual site of his grave is not known .
Rush is a Canadian progressive rock band originally formed in August 1968 , in the Willowdale neighborhood of Toronto , Ontario , currently composed of bassist , keyboardist , and lead vocalist Geddy Lee , guitarist Alex Lifeson , and drummer and lyricist Neil Peart .	Rush is a Canadian rock band originally formed in August 1968 , in the Willowdale neighborhood of Toronto , Ontario , currently comprised of bassist , keyboardist , and lead vocalist Geddy Lee , guitarist Alex Lifeson , and drummer and songwriter Neil Peart .
The band released its eponymous debut album in March 1974 , after which followed 19 additional studio recordings , 9 live albums and 11 compilations .	The band released its self-titled debut album in March 1974 , after which followed 18 additional studio recordings , 8 live albums and 6 compilations .
The band and its membership went through a number of line-up changes between 1968 and 1974 , achieving their definitive form when Neil Peart replaced original drummer , John Rutsey , in July 1974 .	The band and its membership went through a number of changes between 1968 and 1974 , achieving their definitive form when Neil Peart replaced original drummer John Rutsey in July 1974 .
Although total worldwide album sales are not calculated by any single entity , as of 2004 several industry sources estimated Rush 's total worldwide album sales at over 40 million units .	Although total worldwide album sales are not calculated by any single person or group , as of 2004 some people guessed that Rush 's total worldwide album sales is over 40 million items sold .
According to the RIAA , Rush 's sales statistics also place them third behind The Beatles and The Rolling Stones for the most consecutive gold or platinum albums by a rock band .	According to the RIAA , Rush 's number of sales place them fourth behind The Beatles , The Rolling Stones and Aerosmith for the most gold or platinum albums one after another by a rock band .
As a group , Rush possesses 24 gold records and 14 platinum ( 3 multi-platinum ) records , placing them fourth behind the Beatles , Rolling Stones , and Kiss for the most gold and platinum albums by a band in music history .	As a group , Rush has made 24 gold records and 14 platinum ( 3 multi-platinum ) records .
Rush also ranks 79th in U.S. album sales with 25 million units .	Rush also ranks 78th in U.S. album sales with 25 million items sold .
Bangor International Airport ( IATA : BGR , ICAO : KBGR ) is a joint civil-military public airport 3 mi ( 4.8 km ) west of the city of Bangor , in Penobscot County , Maine , United States .	Bangor International Airport ( IATA : BGR , ICAO : KBGR ) is a public use passenger airport .
It was operated until 1968 as Dow Air Force Base , and still later as Bangor Air National Guard Base .	It used to be a military base called Dow Air Force Base .
In 1715 , a local man recorded that the ` Belman at the Cross ... Reads publicly a proclamation in the Mayor 's name , commanding all persons in the City to be of peaceable and civil behavior , not to walk around the Streets or Rows at unreasonable hours of night ' .	In 1715 , a local man recorded that the ` Belman at the Cross ... Reads publicly a proclamation in the Mayor 's name , commanding all persons in the City to bee of peaceable and civil behavior , not to walk around the Streets or Rows at unreasonable hours of night ' .
Criers often dress elaborately , by a tradition dating to the 18th century , in a red and gold robe , white breeches , black boots and a tricorne hat .	Criers often dress elaborately , a tradition known from the 18th century , in a red and gold robe , white breeches , black boots and a tricorne hat .
Town criers were protected by law , as they sometimes brought bad news such as tax increases .	Town criers were protected by royalty , as they sometimes brought bad news such as tax increases .
In 1620 , there was a fight at the Chester cross between the butchers and the bakers where the ` Cryer brake his Mace in peeces Amonge them ' .	In 1620 , there was a fight at the crossroads between the butchers and the bakers where the ` Cryer brake his Mace in peeces Amonge them ' ( broke his silver stick among them ) .
In 1607 , one public notice read by George Tunnall , the bellman , forbade tipping rubbish in the river .	In 1607 , one public notice read by George Tunnall , the bellman , that putting rubbish in the river was illegal .
They carry a handbell to attract people 's attention , as they shout the words `` Oyez , Oyez , Oyez ! ''	They carry a handbell to make a loud noise and they shout the words `` Oyez , Oyez , Oyez ! ''
The crier can also be used to make public announcements in the streets .	The crier can also be used in court or official announcements .
As in England , town criers were the means of communication with the people of the town since many people could not read or write .	The same as England , town criers were the most important way to deliver news to the people of the town because many people could not read newspapers or write .
Bells were not the only attention getting device - in Holland , a gong was the instrument of choice for many , and in France a drum was used , or a hunting horn .	Bells were not the only way to make noise - in Holland , a gong was often used , and in France a drum was used , or a hunting horn .
Oyez derives from the Anglo-Norman word for listen .	Oyez is from an Anglo-Norman word for listen .
Chester once had a crier , a day bellman and a night bellman but in 1734 , John Posnitt took over as ` Day and Night Bellman ' .	In 1743 , John Posnitt took over as ` Day and Night Bellman ' .
The proclamations book in Chester from the early 19th century records this as O Yes , O Yes !	Some town criers announcements are recorded in books called a Proclamation Book The proclamations book in Chester from the early 19th century records the town criers call as `` O Yes , O Yes ! ''
Royal proclamations , local bylaws , market days , adverts , even selling loaves of sugar were all proclaimed by a bellman or crier throughout the centuries-at Christmas 1798 , the Chester Canal Co. sold some sugar damaged in their packet boat and this was to be advertised by the bellman .	During Christmas 1798 , the Chester Canal Company sold some sugar that was damaged in their packet boat and this was advertised by the town crier .
It was discovered by the team of Brett Gladman , John J. Kavelaars , et al. in 2000 , and given the temporary designation S\/2000 S 6 .	It was found by the team of Brett Gladman , John J. Kavelaars , et al. in 2000 , and given the designation S\/2000 S 6 .
In March 2001 , he was reading an Inuit tale to his children and had a revelation .	In March 2001 , he was reading an Inuit story to his children and had a revelation .
He spent several months trying to find names that were both multi-cultural and Canadian , consulting Amerindian scholars without finding a name that seemed appropriate .	He spent several months trying to find names that were both multi-cultural and Canadian , consulting Amerindian scholars without finding a name that seemed good .
While Ijiraq is a member of the Inuit group of irregular satellites , recent observations revealed that it is distinctively redder than Paaliaq , Siarnaq and Kiviuq .	While Ijiraq is a member of the Inuit group non-spherical moons , recent observations revealed that Ijiraq is redder than Paaliaq , Siarnaq and Kiviuq .
Ijiraq orbits Saturn at an average distance of 11.1 Gm in 451 days on an orbit very similar to Kiviuq 's .	Ijiraq orbits Saturn at an average distance of 11,100,000 km in 451 days on an orbit very similar to Kiviuq 's .
These include : Warts are caused by the human papilloma virus ( HPV ) .	Warts are causes by viruses in the HPV family .
The Lymington Branch Line is a railway that runs from Brockenhurst to Lymington Pier , both in the New Forest .	The Lymington branch line is a short line running between Brockenhurst and Lymington Pier .
A leaf is a plant organ and is a collection of tissues in a regular organization .	A leaf is a plant organ and is made up of a collection of tissues in a regular organization .
The epidermis is covered with pores called stomata , part of a stoma complex consisting of a pore surrounded on each side by chloroplast-containing guard cells , and two to four subsidiary cells that lack chloroplasts .	They are part of a complex with a pore surrounded on each side by chloroplast-containing guard cells , and two to four subsidiary cells that lack chloroplasts .
Most of the interior of the leaf between the upper and lower layers of epidermis is a parenchyma ( ground tissue ) or chlorenchyma tissue called the mesophyll ( Greek for `` middle leaf '' ) .	Most of the interior of the leaf between the upper and lower layers of epidermis is a tissue called the mesophyll ( Greek for `` middle leaf '' ) .
The epidermis is the waxy outer layer of cells covering the leaf .	The major tissue systems present are : The epidermis is the outer layer of cells covering the leaf .
Plants that lack chlorophyll can not photosynthesize optimally .	Plants that lack chlorophyll can not photosynthesize .
This assimilation tissue is the primary location of photosynthesis in the plant .	This assimilation tissue is the main place photosynthesis takes place in the plant .
Leaves are normally green , due to chlorophyll in plastids in the chlorenchyma cells .	In ferns and most flowering plants , the mesophyll is divided into two layers : Leaves are normally green in color , which comes from chlorophyll found in plastids in the chlorenchyma cells .
Most leaves have stomata , which open or narrow to regulate the exchange of carbon dioxide , oxygen , and water vapor with the atmosphere .	They regulate carbon dioxide , oxygen , and water vapor exchange with the atmosphere .
Richard Arthur Brabazon Ponsonby was born at Gravesend on the south bank of the Thames in Kent , England .	Richard Arthur Brabazon Ponsonby was born at Gravesend on the south bank of the Thames in Kent .
In 1930 , when HIH Prince Takamatsu and his wife traveled to Europe , Ponsonby-Fane sailed on the same ship ; and he was invited to attend all the welcoming receptions for them in England .	In 1930 , when Prince Takamatsu and his wife traveled to Europe , Ponsonby-Fane sailed on the same ship ; and he was invited to attend all the welcoming receptions for them in England .
Ponsonby-Fane died at home in Kyoto in December 1937 .	Ponsonby-Fane died in Kyoto in December 1937 .
He worked closely with a number of colonial leaders as private secretary to the Governor of Natal ( 1896 ) , to the Governor of Trinidad and Tobago ( 1898 ) , to the Governor of Ceylon ( 1900 ) , and to the Governor of Hong Kong ( 1903 ) .	Over the next twenty years , he was private secretary to the Governor of Natal ( 1896 ) , to the Governor of Trinidad and Tobago ( 1898 ) , to the Governor of Ceylon ( 1900 ) , and to the Governor of Hong Kong ( 1903 ) .
In the last decades of his life , he was always photographed with a long woolen scarf draped around his shoulders .	In later life , he was always photographed with a long woolen scarf .
This unique scarf was said to be hand-knit by Dowager Empress Teimei , the widow of Emperor Taishō ; and he highly valued this unique token of personal favor .	It was hand-knit by Dowager Empress Teimei , the widow of Emperor Taishō .
Richard Arthur Brabazon Ponsonby-Fane ( 8 January 1878 - 10 December 1937 ) was a British academic , author , and Japanologist .	Richard Arthur Brabazon Ponsonby-Fane ( 8 January 1878 - 10 December 1937 ) was a British public servant , colonial administrator , academic , author , and Japanologist .
His boyhood was spent in the family home in London and at his grandfather 's Somerset country home , Brympton d'Evercy which he inherited after the deaths of both his grandfather and father .	As a youth , he lived in London and at his grandfather 's country home , Brympton d'Evercy in Somerset .
In 1896 , Ponsonby traveled to Cape Town to serve as Private Secretary to the Governor of the British Cape Colony .	In 1896 , Ponsonby became the private secretary to the Governor of the British Cape Colony .
In 1921 , when the Japanese Crown Prince visited Hong Kong en route to Europe , Ponsonby-Fane was introduced as his interpreter .	In 1921 , when the Japanese Crown Prince Hirohito visited Hong Kong , Ponsonby-Fane was his interpreter .
When Emperor Shōwa was enthroned in 1928 , he was the only non-Japanese guest who was invited to witness the ceremonies from in front of the palace 's Kenreimon gate .	When Emperor Shōwa became Emperor of Japan , Ponsonby was the only non-Japanese guest who was invited to witness the ceremonies from a special place in front of the palace 's Kenreimon gate .
He was re-posted to Natal in 1907 ; and in 1910 , he was private secretary to the Governor of Fiji .	He was re-posted to assist the Governor of Natal in 1907 and the Governor of Fiji in 1910 .
After 1919 , Ponsonby-Fane became a permanent resident of Japan , traveling four months of the year to Hong Kong for lectures at the Crown colony 's university .	After 1919 , Ponsonby-Fane became a permanent resident of Japan .
In addition to his government duties in Hong Kong , he began lecturing at the University of Hong Kong in 1916 ; and his association with the faculty of the university continued until 1926 .	Ponsonby-Fane began lecturing at the University of Hong Kong in 1916 .
He added `` Fane '' to his name when Brympton devolved to him in 1916 .	He added `` Fane '' to his name in 1916 .

Its playful , whimsical language has given English nonsense words and neologisms such as `` galumphing '' and `` chortle '' .

Its playful , whimsical language has given us nonsense words and neologisms such as `` galumphing '' and `` chortle '' .

`` Jabberwocky '' is considered one of the greatest nonsense poems written in English .

This is now thought to be one of the greatest nonsense poems written in English .

Many of the words in the poem are playful nonce words of Carroll 's own invention , without intended explicit meaning .

Many of the words in the poem are playful words of Carroll 's own invention , without special meaning .

`` Jabberwocky '' is a nonsense poem written by Lewis Carroll in his 1871 novel Through the Looking-Glass , and What Alice Found There , a sequel to Alice 's Adventures in Wonderland .

Jabberwocky is a nonsense poem written by Lewis Carroll in his 1871 novel Through the Looking-Glass .

In Through the Looking-Glass , the character of Humpty Dumpty , in response to Alice 's request , explains to her the non-sense words from the first stanza of the poem ; however , Carroll 's personal commentary on several of the words differ from Humpty 's .

However , Carroll 's personal commentary on several of the words differ from Humpty 's .

Historian Sean B. Palmer suggests that Carroll was inspired by a section from Shakespeare 's Hamlet , citing the lines : `` The graves stood tenantless , and the sheeted dead\/Did squeak and gibber in the Roman streets '' from Act I , Scene i. John Tenniel reluctantly agreed to illustrate the book in 1871 , and his illustrations are still the defining images of the poem .

John Tenniel reluctantly agreed to illustrate the book in 1871 , and his illustrations are still the defining images of the poem .

Stephen Prickett notes that in the context of Darwin and Mantell 's publications and vast exhibitions of dinosaurs , such as those at the Crystal Palace from 1845 , it is unsurprising that Tenniel gave the Jabberwock `` the leathery wings of a pterodactyl and the long scaly neck and tail of a sauropod . ''

Perhaps it is not so surprising that Tenniel gave the Jabberwock `` the leathery wings of a pterodactyl and the long scaly neck and tail of a sauropod '' .

The concept of nonsense verse was not original to Carroll , who would have known of chapbooks such as The World Turned Upside Down and stories such as `` The Great Panjundrum '' .

The concept of nonsense verse was not original to Carroll .

During the Franco-Prussian War , on 2 September 1870 the French emperor Napoleon III was taken prisoner with 100,000 of his soldiers at the First Battle of Sedan .

During the Franco-Prussian War , on 2 September 1870 the French emperor Napoleon III was taken prisoner with 100,000 of his soldiers at the Battle of Sedan .

Their most illustrious representative , Marshal Turenne , was born at Sedan on 11 September 1611 .

The most famous member of the family , Marshal Turenne , was born at Sedan on 11 September 1611 .

Construction started in 1424 and the castle 's defences were constantly improved over the ages .

Building started in 1424 and the castle 's defences were improved over the years .

Due to this major victory , which also made the unification of Germany possible , 2 September was declared `` Sedan Day '' ( Sedantag ) and a national German holiday in 1871 .

Because of this major victory , which also made the `` Second Reich '' of Germany possible , 2 September was declared `` Sedan Day '' ( Sedantag ) and a national German holiday in 1871 .

Sedan was occupied by the Germans for four years during World War I . During World War II the German troops first invaded neutral Belgium and crossed the Meuse River by winning the Second Battle of Sedan that lasted from 12 to 15 May 1940 .

In World War II the German army invaded neutral Belgium and crossed the Meuse River in Sedan .

Sedan was founded in 1424 .

Sedan was built in 1424 .

In the sixteenth century Sedan was an asylum for Protestant refugees from the Wars of Religion .

In the sixteenth century Sedan was a safe place for Protestants escaping from the Wars of Religion .

It is around 10 kilometres ( 6 mi ) from the Belgian border .

It is about 10 km ( 6 miles ) from Belgium , and about 200 km ( 120 miles ) from Paris .

The historic center is built on a peninsula formed by an arc of the Meuse River .

The old center is on land within a curve of the Meuse River .

Today Sedan is known for its castle , that is claimed to be the largest fortified medieval castle in Europe with a total area of 30,000 square metres ( 36,000 sq yd ) on seven levels .

Sedan Castle may be the biggest of its kind in Europe with a total area of 30,000 square metres on seven levels .

The powder melts , flows , and then hardens to a smooth , durable vitreous coating on metal , or on glass or ceramics .

The powder melts , flows , and then hardens to a smooth , durable coating on metal , or on glass or ceramics .

Vitreous enamel , also porcelain enamel in US English , is a material made by fusing powdered glass to a substrate by firing , usually between 750 and 850 ° C ( 1,380 and 1,560 ° F ) .

Sometimes called vitreous or porcelain enamel , it is made by fusing powdered glass to a base by firing , usually between 750 and 850 ° C ( 1,380 and 1,560 ° F ) .

It is included in the Danville , Virginia Metropolitan Statistical Area .

It is in the Danville , Virginia metropolitan statistical area .

There are several bed & breakfast establishments located on Main Street in historic Greek Revival homes .

There are several bed and breakfast places on Main Street in historic Greek Revival homes .

There is a large U.S. Department of Agriculture office to support farmers in the area and a small branch office of the U.S. Forestry Service .

There is a large U.S. Department of Agriculture office to help farmers in the area .

Chatham is the county seat for Pittsylvania County and has held that status since 1777 .

Chatham is the county seat for Pittsylvania County .

There is a walking tour of this downtown historic district and a brochure for this is available at the Town Hall , or at the Historical Society building next to Town Hall .

There is a walking tour of the downtown historic district .

Chatham is a town in Pittsylvania County , Virginia , United States .

Chatham has the oldest continually used building in Pittsylvania County .

The State of Virginia has built a new state prison at the site of an old work-release camp and this led to infrastructure upgrades in fire and water services to support the increased population .

The State of Virginia built a new prison where there used to be a work-release camp .

On Confederate Memorial Day each year , the local chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy places flowers at the statue of a Confederate soldier which is prominent in the front of the historic Pittsylvania County Court House .

On Confederate Memorial Day each year , the Daughters of the Confederacy puts flowers at the statue of a Confederate soldier .

As of the census of 2000 , there were 1,338 people , 554 households , and 350 families residing in the town .

At the 2000 census , 1,338 people lived there .

It is the home to the oldest continually used building in Pittsylvania County , once an 18th-century tavern , since turned into a house and now occupied by Chatham Hall faculty .

It is now a house used by Chatham Hall faculty .

Transit ISPs provide large amounts of bandwidth for connecting hosting ISPs and access ISPs .

ISPs provide different services .

The Bosporan Kingdom was the longest surviving Roman client kingdom .

The Bosporan Kingdom was the longest surviving known Roman Client Kingdom ( allied state ) .

At the end of the 2nd century , King Sauromates II inflicted a critical defeat on the Scythians and included all the territories of the Crimea in the structure of his state .

In the end of the 2nd century the King Sauromates II inflicted a critical defeat to the Scythians ( a nomadic tribe ) and included all the territories of the Crimea in the structure of his state .

It was a Roman province from 63 to 68 AD , under Emperor Nero .

It was a Roman Province between 63 to 68 , under Roman Emperor Nero .

The Bosporan Kingdom ( also known as the Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus ) was an ancient state located in eastern Crimea and the Taman Peninsula , on the shores of the Cimmerian Bosporus ( now known as the Strait of Kerch ) .

The Bosporan Kingdom ( often called Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus ) was an ancient empire , covering the Crimea and a lot of the north coast of the Black Sea .

The prosperity of the Bosporan Kingdom was based on the export of wheat , fish and slaves .

The Bosporan Kingdom became rich from selling wheat , fish and slaves to rest of Europe .

A person who plays the cello is called a cellist .

A person who plays the cello is called a `` cellist '' .

The cello is used as a solo instrument , as well as in chamber music ensembles , string orchestras , and as a member of the string section of symphony orchestras .

It has many uses : as a solo instrument , in chamber music and also in orchestras .

The name cello is an abbreviation of the Italian violoncello , which means `` little violone '' , referring to the violone ( `` big viol '' ) , the lowest-pitched instrument of the viol family , the group of string instruments that went out of fashion around the end of the 17th century in most countries except France , where they survived another half-century or so before the louder violin family came into greater favor in that country , too .

The name violoncello , means `` little violone '' .

Modern cellos often have fine-tuners connecting the strings to the tailpiece , which make it much easier to tune the instrument , but such pins are rendered ineffective by the flexibility of the gut strings used on Baroque cellos .

The cello also has 4 strings .

A computer network or data network is a telecommunications network that allows computers to exchange data .

Some basic types of computer networks include : Computers can be part of several different networks .

Pope Benedict XIII ( Latin : Benedictus XIII ; 2 February 1650 - 21 February 1730 ) , born Pietro Francesco Orsini , later Friar Vincenzo Maria Orsini , O.P. , was Pope from 29 May 1724 to his death in 1730 .

Pope Benedict XIII ( Latin : Benedict Tertius Decimus ; 2 February 1649 - 21 February 1730 ) , born Pietro Francesco Orsini , later Friar Vincenzo Maria Orsini , O.P. , was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 246th Pope from 1724 until his death in 1730 .

He was a member of the Orsini of Rome , the third and last member of that family to become Pope .

He was the third and last member of the Orsini family to be a pope .

This emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine ( misasagi ) at Nara .

According to the Imperial Household Agency , this emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine ( misasagi ) at Nara .

Emperor Chūai ( 仲哀天皇 , Chūai-tennō ? )

Emperor Chūai ( 仲哀天皇 , , Chūai-tennō ? )

No firm dates can be assigned to this emperor 's life or reign , but he is conventionally considered to have reigned from 192-200 .

No certain dates can be assigned to this emperor 's life or reign .

; also known as Tarashinakatsuhiko no Sumeramikoto ; was the 14th emperor of Japan , according to the traditional order of succession .

was the 14th emperor of Japan , according to the traditional order of succession .

The site of Chūai 's grave is not known .

The actual site of his grave is not known .

Rush is a Canadian progressive rock band originally formed in August 1968 , in the Willowdale neighborhood of Toronto , Ontario , currently composed of bassist , keyboardist , and lead vocalist Geddy Lee , guitarist Alex Lifeson , and drummer and lyricist Neil Peart .

Rush is a Canadian rock band originally formed in August 1968 , in the Willowdale neighborhood of Toronto , Ontario , currently comprised of bassist , keyboardist , and lead vocalist Geddy Lee , guitarist Alex Lifeson , and drummer and songwriter Neil Peart .

The band released its eponymous debut album in March 1974 , after which followed 19 additional studio recordings , 9 live albums and 11 compilations .

The band released its self-titled debut album in March 1974 , after which followed 18 additional studio recordings , 8 live albums and 6 compilations .

The band and its membership went through a number of line-up changes between 1968 and 1974 , achieving their definitive form when Neil Peart replaced original drummer , John Rutsey , in July 1974 .

The band and its membership went through a number of changes between 1968 and 1974 , achieving their definitive form when Neil Peart replaced original drummer John Rutsey in July 1974 .

Although total worldwide album sales are not calculated by any single entity , as of 2004 several industry sources estimated Rush 's total worldwide album sales at over 40 million units .

Although total worldwide album sales are not calculated by any single person or group , as of 2004 some people guessed that Rush 's total worldwide album sales is over 40 million items sold .

According to the RIAA , Rush 's sales statistics also place them third behind The Beatles and The Rolling Stones for the most consecutive gold or platinum albums by a rock band .

According to the RIAA , Rush 's number of sales place them fourth behind The Beatles , The Rolling Stones and Aerosmith for the most gold or platinum albums one after another by a rock band .

As a group , Rush possesses 24 gold records and 14 platinum ( 3 multi-platinum ) records , placing them fourth behind the Beatles , Rolling Stones , and Kiss for the most gold and platinum albums by a band in music history .

As a group , Rush has made 24 gold records and 14 platinum ( 3 multi-platinum ) records .

Rush also ranks 79th in U.S. album sales with 25 million units .

Rush also ranks 78th in U.S. album sales with 25 million items sold .

Bangor International Airport ( IATA : BGR , ICAO : KBGR ) is a joint civil-military public airport 3 mi ( 4.8 km ) west of the city of Bangor , in Penobscot County , Maine , United States .

Bangor International Airport ( IATA : BGR , ICAO : KBGR ) is a public use passenger airport .

It was operated until 1968 as Dow Air Force Base , and still later as Bangor Air National Guard Base .

It used to be a military base called Dow Air Force Base .

In 1715 , a local man recorded that the ` Belman at the Cross ... Reads publicly a proclamation in the Mayor 's name , commanding all persons in the City to be of peaceable and civil behavior , not to walk around the Streets or Rows at unreasonable hours of night ' .

In 1715 , a local man recorded that the ` Belman at the Cross ... Reads publicly a proclamation in the Mayor 's name , commanding all persons in the City to bee of peaceable and civil behavior , not to walk around the Streets or Rows at unreasonable hours of night ' .

Criers often dress elaborately , by a tradition dating to the 18th century , in a red and gold robe , white breeches , black boots and a tricorne hat .

Criers often dress elaborately , a tradition known from the 18th century , in a red and gold robe , white breeches , black boots and a tricorne hat .

Town criers were protected by law , as they sometimes brought bad news such as tax increases .

Town criers were protected by royalty , as they sometimes brought bad news such as tax increases .

In 1620 , there was a fight at the Chester cross between the butchers and the bakers where the ` Cryer brake his Mace in peeces Amonge them ' .

In 1620 , there was a fight at the crossroads between the butchers and the bakers where the ` Cryer brake his Mace in peeces Amonge them ' ( broke his silver stick among them ) .

In 1607 , one public notice read by George Tunnall , the bellman , forbade tipping rubbish in the river .

In 1607 , one public notice read by George Tunnall , the bellman , that putting rubbish in the river was illegal .

They carry a handbell to attract people 's attention , as they shout the words `` Oyez , Oyez , Oyez ! ''

They carry a handbell to make a loud noise and they shout the words `` Oyez , Oyez , Oyez ! ''

The crier can also be used to make public announcements in the streets .

The crier can also be used in court or official announcements .

As in England , town criers were the means of communication with the people of the town since many people could not read or write .

The same as England , town criers were the most important way to deliver news to the people of the town because many people could not read newspapers or write .

Bells were not the only attention getting device - in Holland , a gong was the instrument of choice for many , and in France a drum was used , or a hunting horn .

Bells were not the only way to make noise - in Holland , a gong was often used , and in France a drum was used , or a hunting horn .

Oyez derives from the Anglo-Norman word for listen .

Oyez is from an Anglo-Norman word for listen .

Chester once had a crier , a day bellman and a night bellman but in 1734 , John Posnitt took over as ` Day and Night Bellman ' .

In 1743 , John Posnitt took over as ` Day and Night Bellman ' .

The proclamations book in Chester from the early 19th century records this as O Yes , O Yes !

Some town criers announcements are recorded in books called a Proclamation Book The proclamations book in Chester from the early 19th century records the town criers call as `` O Yes , O Yes ! ''

Royal proclamations , local bylaws , market days , adverts , even selling loaves of sugar were all proclaimed by a bellman or crier throughout the centuries-at Christmas 1798 , the Chester Canal Co. sold some sugar damaged in their packet boat and this was to be advertised by the bellman .

During Christmas 1798 , the Chester Canal Company sold some sugar that was damaged in their packet boat and this was advertised by the town crier .

It was discovered by the team of Brett Gladman , John J. Kavelaars , et al. in 2000 , and given the temporary designation S\/2000 S 6 .

It was found by the team of Brett Gladman , John J. Kavelaars , et al. in 2000 , and given the designation S\/2000 S 6 .

In March 2001 , he was reading an Inuit tale to his children and had a revelation .

In March 2001 , he was reading an Inuit story to his children and had a revelation .

He spent several months trying to find names that were both multi-cultural and Canadian , consulting Amerindian scholars without finding a name that seemed appropriate .

He spent several months trying to find names that were both multi-cultural and Canadian , consulting Amerindian scholars without finding a name that seemed good .

While Ijiraq is a member of the Inuit group of irregular satellites , recent observations revealed that it is distinctively redder than Paaliaq , Siarnaq and Kiviuq .

While Ijiraq is a member of the Inuit group non-spherical moons , recent observations revealed that Ijiraq is redder than Paaliaq , Siarnaq and Kiviuq .

Ijiraq orbits Saturn at an average distance of 11.1 Gm in 451 days on an orbit very similar to Kiviuq 's .

Ijiraq orbits Saturn at an average distance of 11,100,000 km in 451 days on an orbit very similar to Kiviuq 's .

These include : Warts are caused by the human papilloma virus ( HPV ) .

Warts are causes by viruses in the HPV family .

The Lymington Branch Line is a railway that runs from Brockenhurst to Lymington Pier , both in the New Forest .

The Lymington branch line is a short line running between Brockenhurst and Lymington Pier .

A leaf is a plant organ and is a collection of tissues in a regular organization .

A leaf is a plant organ and is made up of a collection of tissues in a regular organization .

The epidermis is covered with pores called stomata , part of a stoma complex consisting of a pore surrounded on each side by chloroplast-containing guard cells , and two to four subsidiary cells that lack chloroplasts .

They are part of a complex with a pore surrounded on each side by chloroplast-containing guard cells , and two to four subsidiary cells that lack chloroplasts .

Most of the interior of the leaf between the upper and lower layers of epidermis is a parenchyma ( ground tissue ) or chlorenchyma tissue called the mesophyll ( Greek for `` middle leaf '' ) .

Most of the interior of the leaf between the upper and lower layers of epidermis is a tissue called the mesophyll ( Greek for `` middle leaf '' ) .

The epidermis is the waxy outer layer of cells covering the leaf .

The major tissue systems present are : The epidermis is the outer layer of cells covering the leaf .

Plants that lack chlorophyll can not photosynthesize optimally .

Plants that lack chlorophyll can not photosynthesize .

This assimilation tissue is the primary location of photosynthesis in the plant .

This assimilation tissue is the main place photosynthesis takes place in the plant .

Leaves are normally green , due to chlorophyll in plastids in the chlorenchyma cells .

In ferns and most flowering plants , the mesophyll is divided into two layers : Leaves are normally green in color , which comes from chlorophyll found in plastids in the chlorenchyma cells .

Most leaves have stomata , which open or narrow to regulate the exchange of carbon dioxide , oxygen , and water vapor with the atmosphere .

They regulate carbon dioxide , oxygen , and water vapor exchange with the atmosphere .

Richard Arthur Brabazon Ponsonby was born at Gravesend on the south bank of the Thames in Kent , England .

Richard Arthur Brabazon Ponsonby was born at Gravesend on the south bank of the Thames in Kent .

In 1930 , when HIH Prince Takamatsu and his wife traveled to Europe , Ponsonby-Fane sailed on the same ship ; and he was invited to attend all the welcoming receptions for them in England .

In 1930 , when Prince Takamatsu and his wife traveled to Europe , Ponsonby-Fane sailed on the same ship ; and he was invited to attend all the welcoming receptions for them in England .

Ponsonby-Fane died at home in Kyoto in December 1937 .

Ponsonby-Fane died in Kyoto in December 1937 .

He worked closely with a number of colonial leaders as private secretary to the Governor of Natal ( 1896 ) , to the Governor of Trinidad and Tobago ( 1898 ) , to the Governor of Ceylon ( 1900 ) , and to the Governor of Hong Kong ( 1903 ) .

Over the next twenty years , he was private secretary to the Governor of Natal ( 1896 ) , to the Governor of Trinidad and Tobago ( 1898 ) , to the Governor of Ceylon ( 1900 ) , and to the Governor of Hong Kong ( 1903 ) .

In the last decades of his life , he was always photographed with a long woolen scarf draped around his shoulders .

In later life , he was always photographed with a long woolen scarf .

This unique scarf was said to be hand-knit by Dowager Empress Teimei , the widow of Emperor Taishō ; and he highly valued this unique token of personal favor .

It was hand-knit by Dowager Empress Teimei , the widow of Emperor Taishō .

Richard Arthur Brabazon Ponsonby-Fane ( 8 January 1878 - 10 December 1937 ) was a British academic , author , and Japanologist .

Richard Arthur Brabazon Ponsonby-Fane ( 8 January 1878 - 10 December 1937 ) was a British public servant , colonial administrator , academic , author , and Japanologist .

His boyhood was spent in the family home in London and at his grandfather 's Somerset country home , Brympton d'Evercy which he inherited after the deaths of both his grandfather and father .

As a youth , he lived in London and at his grandfather 's country home , Brympton d'Evercy in Somerset .

In 1896 , Ponsonby traveled to Cape Town to serve as Private Secretary to the Governor of the British Cape Colony .

In 1896 , Ponsonby became the private secretary to the Governor of the British Cape Colony .

In 1921 , when the Japanese Crown Prince visited Hong Kong en route to Europe , Ponsonby-Fane was introduced as his interpreter .

In 1921 , when the Japanese Crown Prince Hirohito visited Hong Kong , Ponsonby-Fane was his interpreter .

When Emperor Shōwa was enthroned in 1928 , he was the only non-Japanese guest who was invited to witness the ceremonies from in front of the palace 's Kenreimon gate .

When Emperor Shōwa became Emperor of Japan , Ponsonby was the only non-Japanese guest who was invited to witness the ceremonies from a special place in front of the palace 's Kenreimon gate .

He was re-posted to Natal in 1907 ; and in 1910 , he was private secretary to the Governor of Fiji .

He was re-posted to assist the Governor of Natal in 1907 and the Governor of Fiji in 1910 .

After 1919 , Ponsonby-Fane became a permanent resident of Japan , traveling four months of the year to Hong Kong for lectures at the Crown colony 's university .

After 1919 , Ponsonby-Fane became a permanent resident of Japan .

In addition to his government duties in Hong Kong , he began lecturing at the University of Hong Kong in 1916 ; and his association with the faculty of the university continued until 1926 .

Ponsonby-Fane began lecturing at the University of Hong Kong in 1916 .

He added `` Fane '' to his name when Brympton devolved to him in 1916 .

He added `` Fane '' to his name in 1916 .