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http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Trigonometric_functions
Trigonometric functions
Task If your language has a library or built-in functions for trigonometry, show examples of:   sine   cosine   tangent   inverses   (of the above) using the same angle in radians and degrees. For the non-inverse functions,   each radian/degree pair should use arguments that evaluate to the same angle   (that i...
#F.23
F#
open NUnit.Framework open FsUnit   // radian   [<Test>] let ``Verify that sin pi returns 0`` () = let x = System.Math.Sin System.Math.PI System.Math.Round(x,5) |> should equal 0   [<Test>] let ``Verify that cos pi returns -1`` () = let x = System.Math.Cos System.Math.PI System.Math.Round(x,5) |> should equal -1...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Trabb_Pardo%E2%80%93Knuth_algorithm
Trabb Pardo–Knuth algorithm
The TPK algorithm is an early example of a programming chrestomathy. It was used in Donald Knuth and Luis Trabb Pardo's Stanford tech report The Early Development of Programming Languages. The report traces the early history of work in developing computer languages in the 1940s and 1950s, giving several translations of...
#min
min
((0 <) (-1 *) when) :abs (((abs 0.5 pow) (3 pow 5 * +)) cleave) :fn "Enter 11 numbers:" puts! (gets float) 11 times (fn (400 <=) (pop "Overflow") unless puts!) 11 times
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Trabb_Pardo%E2%80%93Knuth_algorithm
Trabb Pardo–Knuth algorithm
The TPK algorithm is an early example of a programming chrestomathy. It was used in Donald Knuth and Luis Trabb Pardo's Stanford tech report The Early Development of Programming Languages. The report traces the early history of work in developing computer languages in the 1940s and 1950s, giving several translations of...
#Nascom_BASIC
Nascom BASIC
  10 REM Trabb Pardo-Knuth algorithm 20 REM Used "magic numbers" because of strict 30 REM specification of the algorithm. 40 DEF FNF(N)=SQR(ABS(N))+5*N*N*N 50 DIM S(10) 60 PRINT "Enter 11 numbers." 70 FOR I=0 TO 10 80 PRINT STR$(I+1); 90 INPUT S(I) 100 NEXT I 110 PRINT 120 REM ** Reverse 130 FOR I=0 TO 10/2 140 TMP=S(...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Truth_table
Truth table
A truth table is a display of the inputs to, and the output of a Boolean function organized as a table where each row gives one combination of input values and the corresponding value of the function. Task Input a Boolean function from the user as a string then calculate and print a formatted truth table for the g...
#Sidef
Sidef
loop { var expr = Sys.readln("\nBoolean expression (e.g. 'a & b'): ").strip.lc break if expr.is_empty;   var vars = expr.scan(/[[:alpha:]]+/) if (vars.is_empty) { say "no variables detected in your boolean expression" next }   var prefix = []; var suffix = [];   vars.each { |v| print "#{v}\t...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Ulam_spiral_(for_primes)
Ulam spiral (for primes)
An Ulam spiral (of primes) is a method of visualizing primes when expressed in a (normally counter-clockwise) outward spiral (usually starting at 1),   constructed on a square grid, starting at the "center". An Ulam spiral is also known as a   prime spiral. The first grid (green) is shown with sequential integers,   ...
#VBScript
VBScript
  Function build_spiral(n) 'declare a two dimentional array Dim matrix() ReDim matrix(n-1,n-1) 'determine starting point x = (n-1)/2 : y = (n-1)/2 'set the initial iterations x_max = 1 : y_max = 1 : count = 1 'set initial direction dir = "R" 'populate the array For i = 1 To n*n l = Len(n*n) If IsPrime(i)...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Truncatable_primes
Truncatable primes
A truncatable prime is a prime number that when you successively remove digits from one end of the prime, you are left with a new prime number. Examples The number 997 is called a left-truncatable prime as the numbers 997, 97, and 7 are all prime. The number 7393 is a right-truncatable prime as the numbers 7393, 7...
#OpenEdge.2FProgress
OpenEdge/Progress
FUNCTION isPrime RETURNS LOGICAL ( i_i AS INT ):   DEF VAR ii AS INT.   DO ii = 2 TO SQRT( i_i ):   IF i_i MODULO ii = 0 THEN RETURN FALSE.   END.   RETURN TRUE AND i_i > 1.   END FUNCTION. /* isPrime */   FUNCTION isLeftTruncatablePrime RETURNS LOGICAL ( i_i AS INT ):   DEF VAR ii ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Tree_traversal
Tree traversal
Task Implement a binary tree where each node carries an integer,   and implement:   pre-order,   in-order,   post-order,     and   level-order   traversal. Use those traversals to output the following tree: 1 / \ / \ / \ 2 3 / \ / 4 5 6 / ...
#CoffeeScript
CoffeeScript
  # In this example, we don't encapsulate binary trees as objects; instead, we have a # convention on how to store them as arrays, and we namespace the functions that # operate on those data structures. binary_tree = preorder: (tree, visit) -> return unless tree? [node, left, right] = tree visit node ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Tokenize_a_string
Tokenize a string
Separate the string "Hello,How,Are,You,Today" by commas into an array (or list) so that each element of it stores a different word. Display the words to the 'user', in the simplest manner possible, separated by a period. To simplify, you may display a trailing period. Other tasks related to string operations: Me...
#Arturo
Arturo
str: "Hello,How,Are,You,Today"   print join.with:"." split.by:"," str
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Tokenize_a_string
Tokenize a string
Separate the string "Hello,How,Are,You,Today" by commas into an array (or list) so that each element of it stores a different word. Display the words to the 'user', in the simplest manner possible, separated by a period. To simplify, you may display a trailing period. Other tasks related to string operations: Me...
#Astro
Astro
let text = 'Hello,How,Are,You,Today' let tokens = text.split(||,||) print tokens.join(with: '.')
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Time_a_function
Time a function
Task Write a program which uses a timer (with the least granularity available on your system) to time how long a function takes to execute. Whenever possible, use methods which measure only the processing time used by the current process; instead of the difference in system time between start and finish, which could ...
#ARM_Assembly
ARM Assembly
  /* ARM assembly Raspberry PI */ /* program fcttime.s */   /* Constantes */ .equ STDOUT, 1 @ Linux output console .equ EXIT, 1 @ Linux syscall .equ WRITE, 4 @ Linux syscall   .equ N1, 1000000 @ loop number .equ NBMEASURE, 10 @ measure number   /*********************************/ /* Initialized ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Top_rank_per_group
Top rank per group
Task Find the top   N   salaries in each department,   where   N   is provided as a parameter. Use this data as a formatted internal data structure (adapt it to your language-native idioms, rather than parse at runtime), or identify your external data source: Employee Name,Employee ID,Salary,Department Tyler Bennett...
#Ceylon
Ceylon
class Employee(name, id, salary, dept) { shared String name; shared String id; shared Integer salary; shared String dept;   string => "``name`` ``id`` $``salary``.00 ``dept``"; }   Employee[] employees = [ Employee("Tyler Bennett", "E10297", 32000, "D101"), Employee("John Rappl", "E21437", 4...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Tic-tac-toe
Tic-tac-toe
Task Play a game of tic-tac-toe. Ensure that legal moves are played and that a winning position is notified. Tic-tac-toe   is also known as:   naughts and crosses   tic tac toe   tick tack toe   three in a row   tres en rayo       and   Xs  and  Os See also   MathWorld™, Tic-Tac-Toe game.   Wikipedi...
#AppleScript
AppleScript
property OMask : missing value property XMask : missing value property winningNumbers : {7, 56, 73, 84, 146, 273, 292, 448} property difficulty : missing value   repeat set OMask to 0 set XMask to 0   if button returned of (display dialog "Who should start?" buttons {"I shoud", "CPU"}) = "CPU" then set OMask t...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Towers_of_Hanoi
Towers of Hanoi
Task Solve the   Towers of Hanoi   problem with recursion.
#AutoIt
AutoIt
Func move($n, $from, $to, $via) If ($n = 1) Then ConsoleWrite(StringFormat("Move disk from pole "&$from&" To pole "&$to&"\n")) Else move($n - 1, $from, $via, $to) move(1, $from, $to, $via) move($n - 1, $via, $to, $from) EndIf EndFunc   move(4, 1,2,3)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Thue-Morse
Thue-Morse
Task Create a Thue-Morse sequence. See also   YouTube entry: The Fairest Sharing Sequence Ever   YouTube entry: Math and OCD - My story with the Thue-Morse sequence   Task: Fairshare between two and more
#Excel
Excel
thueMorse =LAMBDA(n, APPLYN(n)( LAMBDA(bits, APPENDCOLS(bits)( LAMBDA(x, IF(0 < x, 0, 1) )(bits) ) ) )(0) )
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Tonelli-Shanks_algorithm
Tonelli-Shanks algorithm
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Tonelli-Shanks algorithm. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) In computational number theory, the Tonelli–Shanks algor...
#Perl
Perl
use bigint; use ntheory qw(is_prime powmod kronecker);   sub tonelli_shanks { my($n,$p) = @_; return if kronecker($n,$p) <= 0; my $Q = $p - 1; my $S = 0; $Q >>= 1 and $S++ while 0 == $Q%2; return powmod($n,int(($p+1)/4), $p) if $S == 1;   my $c; for $n (2..$p) { next if kronecker...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Tokenize_a_string_with_escaping
Tokenize a string with escaping
Task[edit] Write a function or program that can split a string at each non-escaped occurrence of a separator character. It should accept three input parameters:   The string   The separator character   The escape character It should output a list of strings. Details Rules for splitting: The fields that were s...
#FreeBASIC
FreeBASIC
Sub tokenize(cadena As String, separador As String, escape As String) Dim As Integer campo = 1 Dim As Boolean escapando = false Dim As String char Print ""; campo; " ";   For i As Integer = 1 To Len(cadena) char = Mid(cadena, i, 1) If escapando Then Print char; ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Total_circles_area
Total circles area
Total circles area You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Example circles Example circles filtered Given some partially overlapping circles on the plane, compute and show the total area covered by them, with four or six (or a little more) decimal dig...
#REXX
REXX
/*REXX program calculates the total area of (possibly overlapping) circles. */ parse arg box dig . /*obtain optional argument from the CL.*/ if box=='' | box==',' then box= 500 /*Not specified? Then use the default.*/ if dig=='' | dig==',' then dig= 12 ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Topological_sort
Topological sort
Sorting Algorithm This is a sorting algorithm.   It may be applied to a set of data in order to sort it.     For comparing various sorts, see compare sorts.   For other sorting algorithms,   see sorting algorithms,   or: O(n logn) sorts Heap sort | Merge sort | Patience sort | Quick sort O(n log2n) sorts Shell Sort ...
#Forth
Forth
variable nodes 0 nodes ! \ linked list of nodes   : node. ( body -- ) body> >name name>string type ;   : nodeps ( body -- ) \ the word referenced by body has no (more) dependencies to resolve ['] drop over ! node. space ;   : processing ( body1 ... bodyn body -- body1 ... bodyn ) \ the word referenced b...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Universal_Turing_machine
Universal Turing machine
One of the foundational mathematical constructs behind computer science is the universal Turing Machine. (Alan Turing introduced the idea of such a machine in 1936–1937.) Indeed one way to definitively prove that a language is turing-complete is to implement a universal Turing machine in it. Task Simulate such ...
#Lua
Lua
-- Machine definitions local incrementer = { name = "Simple incrementer", initState = "q0", endState = "qf", blank = "B", rules = { {"q0", "1", "1", "right", "q0"}, {"q0", "B", "1", "stay", "qf"} } }   local threeStateBB = { name = "Three-state busy beaver", initState = "...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Totient_function
Totient function
The   totient   function is also known as:   Euler's totient function   Euler's phi totient function   phi totient function   Φ   function   (uppercase Greek phi)   φ    function   (lowercase Greek phi) Definitions   (as per number theory) The totient function:   counts the integers up to a given positiv...
#Julia
Julia
φ(n) = sum(1 for k in 1:n if gcd(n, k) == 1)   is_prime(n) = φ(n) == n - 1   function runphitests() for n in 1:25 println(" φ($n) == $(φ(n))", is_prime(n) ? ", is prime" : "") end count = 0 for n in 1:100_000 count += is_prime(n) if n in [100, 1000, 10_000, 100_000] p...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Topswops
Topswops
Topswops is a card game created by John Conway in the 1970's. Assume you have a particular permutation of a set of   n   cards numbered   1..n   on both of their faces, for example the arrangement of four cards given by   [2, 4, 1, 3]   where the leftmost card is on top. A round is composed of reversing the first  ...
#Raku
Raku
sub swops(@a is copy) { my int $count = 0; until @a[0] == 1 { @a[ ^@a[0] ] .= reverse; ++$count; } $count }   sub topswops($n) { max (1..$n).permutations.race.map: &swops }   say "$_ {topswops $_}" for 1 .. 10;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Trigonometric_functions
Trigonometric functions
Task If your language has a library or built-in functions for trigonometry, show examples of:   sine   cosine   tangent   inverses   (of the above) using the same angle in radians and degrees. For the non-inverse functions,   each radian/degree pair should use arguments that evaluate to the same angle   (that i...
#Factor
Factor
USING: kernel math math.constants math.functions math.trig prettyprint ;   pi 4 / 45 deg>rad [ sin ] [ cos ] [ tan ] [ [ . ] compose dup compose ] tri@ 2tri   .5 [ asin ] [ acos ] [ atan ] tri [ dup rad>deg [ . ] bi@ ] tri@
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Trabb_Pardo%E2%80%93Knuth_algorithm
Trabb Pardo–Knuth algorithm
The TPK algorithm is an early example of a programming chrestomathy. It was used in Donald Knuth and Luis Trabb Pardo's Stanford tech report The Early Development of Programming Languages. The report traces the early history of work in developing computer languages in the 1940s and 1950s, giving several translations of...
#Nim
Nim
import math, rdstdin, strutils, algorithm, sequtils   proc f(x: float): float = x.abs.pow(0.5) + 5 * x.pow(3)   proc ask: seq[float] = readLineFromStdin("11 numbers: ").strip.split[0..10].map(parseFloat)   var s = ask() reverse s for x in s: let result = f(x) echo x, ": ", if result > 400: "TOO LARGE!" else: $res...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Trabb_Pardo%E2%80%93Knuth_algorithm
Trabb Pardo–Knuth algorithm
The TPK algorithm is an early example of a programming chrestomathy. It was used in Donald Knuth and Luis Trabb Pardo's Stanford tech report The Early Development of Programming Languages. The report traces the early history of work in developing computer languages in the 1940s and 1950s, giving several translations of...
#Objective-C
Objective-C
// // TPKA.m // RosettaCode // // Created by Alexander Alvonellos on 5/26/12. // Trabb Pardo-Knuth algorithm //   #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> double f(double x);   double f(double x) { return pow(abs(x), 0.5) + 5*(pow(x, 3)); }   int main (int argc, const char * argv[]) { @autoreleasepool { N...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Truth_table
Truth table
A truth table is a display of the inputs to, and the output of a Boolean function organized as a table where each row gives one combination of input values and the corresponding value of the function. Task Input a Boolean function from the user as a string then calculate and print a formatted truth table for the g...
#Smalltalk
Smalltalk
[:repeat | expr := Stdin request:'Enter boolean expression (name variables a,b,c...):' defaultAnswer:'a|b'. ast := Parser parseExpression:expr inNameSpace:nil onError:repeat. " ensure that only boolean logic operations are inside (sandbox) " (ast messageSelectors a...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Ulam_spiral_(for_primes)
Ulam spiral (for primes)
An Ulam spiral (of primes) is a method of visualizing primes when expressed in a (normally counter-clockwise) outward spiral (usually starting at 1),   constructed on a square grid, starting at the "center". An Ulam spiral is also known as a   prime spiral. The first grid (green) is shown with sequential integers,   ...
#Wren
Wren
import "/dynamic" for Enum import "/math" for Int import "/str" for Char import "/fmt" for Fmt   var Direction = Enum.create("Direction", ["right", "up", "left", "down"])   class Ulam { static generate(n, i, c) { if (n <= 1) Fiber.abort ("'n' must be more than 1.") var s = List.filled(n, null) ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Truncatable_primes
Truncatable primes
A truncatable prime is a prime number that when you successively remove digits from one end of the prime, you are left with a new prime number. Examples The number 997 is called a left-truncatable prime as the numbers 997, 97, and 7 are all prime. The number 7393 is a right-truncatable prime as the numbers 7393, 7...
#PARI.2FGP
PARI/GP
left(n)={ my(v=[2,3,5,7],u,t=1,out=0); for(i=1,n, t*=10; u=[]; for(j=1,#v, forstep(a=t,t*9,t, if(isprime(a+v[j]),u=concat(u,a+v[j])) ) ); out=v[#v]; v=vecsort(u) ); out }; right(n)={ my(v=[2,3,5,7],u,out=0); for(i=1,n, u=[]; for(j=1,#v, forstep(a=1,9,[2,4], if(isprime(10*v[j]+a),u...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Tree_traversal
Tree traversal
Task Implement a binary tree where each node carries an integer,   and implement:   pre-order,   in-order,   post-order,     and   level-order   traversal. Use those traversals to output the following tree: 1 / \ / \ / \ 2 3 / \ / 4 5 6 / ...
#Common_Lisp
Common Lisp
(defun preorder (node f) (when node (funcall f (first node)) (preorder (second node) f) (preorder (third node) f)))   (defun inorder (node f) (when node (inorder (second node) f) (funcall f (first node)) (inorder (third node) f)))   (defun postorder (node f) (when node (postorder (se...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Tokenize_a_string
Tokenize a string
Separate the string "Hello,How,Are,You,Today" by commas into an array (or list) so that each element of it stores a different word. Display the words to the 'user', in the simplest manner possible, separated by a period. To simplify, you may display a trailing period. Other tasks related to string operations: Me...
#AutoHotkey
AutoHotkey
string := "Hello,How,Are,You,Today" stringsplit, string, string, `, loop, % string0 { msgbox % string%A_Index% }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Tokenize_a_string
Tokenize a string
Separate the string "Hello,How,Are,You,Today" by commas into an array (or list) so that each element of it stores a different word. Display the words to the 'user', in the simplest manner possible, separated by a period. To simplify, you may display a trailing period. Other tasks related to string operations: Me...
#AWK
AWK
BEGIN { s = "Hello,How,Are,You,Today" split(s, arr, ",") for(i=1; i < length(arr); i++) { printf arr[i] "." } print }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Time_a_function
Time a function
Task Write a program which uses a timer (with the least granularity available on your system) to time how long a function takes to execute. Whenever possible, use methods which measure only the processing time used by the current process; instead of the difference in system time between start and finish, which could ...
#Arturo
Arturo
benchmark [ print "starting function" pause 2000 print "function ended" ]
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Time_a_function
Time a function
Task Write a program which uses a timer (with the least granularity available on your system) to time how long a function takes to execute. Whenever possible, use methods which measure only the processing time used by the current process; instead of the difference in system time between start and finish, which could ...
#AutoHotkey
AutoHotkey
MsgBox % time("fx") Return   fx() { Sleep, 1000 }   time(function, parameter=0) { SetBatchLines -1 ; don't sleep for other green threads StartTime := A_TickCount %function%(parameter) Return ElapsedTime := A_TickCount - StartTime . " milliseconds" }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Top_rank_per_group
Top rank per group
Task Find the top   N   salaries in each department,   where   N   is provided as a parameter. Use this data as a formatted internal data structure (adapt it to your language-native idioms, rather than parse at runtime), or identify your external data source: Employee Name,Employee ID,Salary,Department Tyler Bennett...
#Clojure
Clojure
(use '[clojure.contrib.seq-utils :only (group-by)])   (defstruct employee :Name :ID :Salary :Department)   (def data (->> '(("Tyler Bennett" E10297 32000 D101) ("John Rappl" E21437 47000 D050) ("George Woltman" E00127 53500 D101) ("Adam Smith" E63535 18000 D202) ("Cl...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Tic-tac-toe
Tic-tac-toe
Task Play a game of tic-tac-toe. Ensure that legal moves are played and that a winning position is notified. Tic-tac-toe   is also known as:   naughts and crosses   tic tac toe   tick tack toe   three in a row   tres en rayo       and   Xs  and  Os See also   MathWorld™, Tic-Tac-Toe game.   Wikipedi...
#AutoHotkey
AutoHotkey
Gui, Add, Button, x12 y12 w30 h30 vB1 gButtonHandler, Gui, Add, Button, x52 y12 w30 h30 vB2 gButtonHandler, Gui, Add, Button, x92 y12 w30 h30 vB3 gButtonHandler, Gui, Add, Button, x12 y52 w30 h30 vB4 gButtonHandler, Gui, Add, Button, x52 y52 w30 h30 vB5 gButtonHandler, Gui, Add, Button, x92 y52 w30 h30 vB6 gButtonHandl...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Towers_of_Hanoi
Towers of Hanoi
Task Solve the   Towers of Hanoi   problem with recursion.
#AWK
AWK
$ awk 'func hanoi(n,f,t,v){if(n>0){hanoi(n-1,f,v,t);print(f,"->",t);hanoi(n-1,v,t,f)}} BEGIN{hanoi(4,"left","middle","right")}'
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Thue-Morse
Thue-Morse
Task Create a Thue-Morse sequence. See also   YouTube entry: The Fairest Sharing Sequence Ever   YouTube entry: Math and OCD - My story with the Thue-Morse sequence   Task: Fairshare between two and more
#Factor
Factor
USING: io kernel math math.parser sequences ;   : thue-morse ( seq n -- seq' ) [ [ ] [ [ 1 bitxor ] map ] bi append ] times ;   : print-tm ( seq -- ) [ number>string ] map "" join print ;   7 <iota> [ { 0 } swap thue-morse print-tm ] each
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Thue-Morse
Thue-Morse
Task Create a Thue-Morse sequence. See also   YouTube entry: The Fairest Sharing Sequence Ever   YouTube entry: Math and OCD - My story with the Thue-Morse sequence   Task: Fairshare between two and more
#Fortran
Fortran
program thue_morse implicit none logical :: f(32) = .false. integer :: n = 1   do write(*,*) f(1:n) if (n > size(f)/2) exit f(n+1:2*n) = .not. f(1:n) n = n * 2 end do   end program thue_morse
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Tonelli-Shanks_algorithm
Tonelli-Shanks algorithm
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Tonelli-Shanks algorithm. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) In computational number theory, the Tonelli–Shanks algor...
#Phix
Phix
with javascript_semantics include mpfr.e function ts(string ns, ps) mpz n = mpz_init(ns), p = mpz_init(ps), t = mpz_init(), r = mpz_init(), pm1 = mpz_init(), pm2 = mpz_init() mpz_sub_ui(pm1,p,1) -- pm1 = p-1 mpz_fdiv_q_2exp(pm2,pm1,1) -- pm...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Tokenize_a_string_with_escaping
Tokenize a string with escaping
Task[edit] Write a function or program that can split a string at each non-escaped occurrence of a separator character. It should accept three input parameters:   The string   The separator character   The escape character It should output a list of strings. Details Rules for splitting: The fields that were s...
#Go
Go
package main   import ( "errors" "fmt" )   func TokenizeString(s string, sep, escape rune) (tokens []string, err error) { var runes []rune inEscape := false for _, r := range s { switch { case inEscape: inEscape = false fallthrough default: runes = append(runes, r) case r == escape: inEscape = ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Total_circles_area
Total circles area
Total circles area You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Example circles Example circles filtered Given some partially overlapping circles on the plane, compute and show the total area covered by them, with four or six (or a little more) decimal dig...
#Ruby
Ruby
circles = [ [ 1.6417233788, 1.6121789534, 0.0848270516], [-1.4944608174, 1.2077959613, 1.1039549836], [ 0.6110294452, -0.6907087527, 0.9089162485], [ 0.3844862411, 0.2923344616, 0.2375743054], [-0.2495892950, -0.3832854473, 1.0845181219], [ 1.7813504266, 1.6178237031, 0.8162655711], [-0.1985249206, -0...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Topological_sort
Topological sort
Sorting Algorithm This is a sorting algorithm.   It may be applied to a set of data in order to sort it.     For comparing various sorts, see compare sorts.   For other sorting algorithms,   see sorting algorithms,   or: O(n logn) sorts Heap sort | Merge sort | Patience sort | Quick sort O(n log2n) sorts Shell Sort ...
#Fortran
Fortran
SUBROUTINE TSORT(NL,ND,IDEP,IORD,IPOS,NO) IMPLICIT NONE INTEGER NL,ND,NO,IDEP(ND,2),IORD(NL),IPOS(NL),I,J,K,IL,IR,IPL,IPR DO 10 I=1,NL IORD(I)=I 10 IPOS(I)=I K=1 20 J=K K=NL+1 DO 30 I=1,ND IL=IDEP(I,1) IR=IDEP(I,2) IPL=IPOS(IL) IPR=IPOS(IR) ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Universal_Turing_machine
Universal Turing machine
One of the foundational mathematical constructs behind computer science is the universal Turing Machine. (Alan Turing introduced the idea of such a machine in 1936–1937.) Indeed one way to definitively prove that a language is turing-complete is to implement a universal Turing machine in it. Task Simulate such ...
#Mathematica.2FWolfram_Language
Mathematica/Wolfram Language
  left = 1; right = -1; stay = 0; cmp[s_] := ToExpression[StringSplit[s, ","]]; utm[rules_, initial_, head_] := Module[{tape = initial, rh = head, n = 1}, Clear[nxt]; nxt[state_, field_] := nxt[state, field] = Position[rules, {rules[[state, 5]], field, _, _, _}][[1, 1]]; n = Position[rules, {rules[[n, ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Totient_function
Totient function
The   totient   function is also known as:   Euler's totient function   Euler's phi totient function   phi totient function   Φ   function   (uppercase Greek phi)   φ    function   (lowercase Greek phi) Definitions   (as per number theory) The totient function:   counts the integers up to a given positiv...
#Kotlin
Kotlin
// Version 1.3.21   fun totient(n: Int): Int { var tot = n var nn = n var i = 2 while (i * i <= nn) { if (nn % i == 0) { while (nn % i == 0) nn /= i tot -= tot / i } if (i == 2) i = 1 i += 2 } if (nn > 1) tot -= tot / nn return tot }   ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Topswops
Topswops
Topswops is a card game created by John Conway in the 1970's. Assume you have a particular permutation of a set of   n   cards numbered   1..n   on both of their faces, for example the arrangement of four cards given by   [2, 4, 1, 3]   where the leftmost card is on top. A round is composed of reversing the first  ...
#REXX
REXX
/*REXX program generates N decks of numbered cards and finds the maximum "swops". */ parse arg things .; if things=='' then things= 10   do n=1 for things; #= decks(n, n) /*create a (things) number of "decks". */ mx= n\==1 /*handle the case of a one-...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Trigonometric_functions
Trigonometric functions
Task If your language has a library or built-in functions for trigonometry, show examples of:   sine   cosine   tangent   inverses   (of the above) using the same angle in radians and degrees. For the non-inverse functions,   each radian/degree pair should use arguments that evaluate to the same angle   (that i...
#Fantom
Fantom
  class Main { public static Void main () { Float r := Float.pi / 4 echo (r.sin) echo (r.cos) echo (r.tan) echo (r.asin) echo (r.acos) echo (r.atan) // and from degrees echo (45.0f.toRadians.sin) echo (45.0f.toRadians.cos) echo (45.0f.toRadians.tan) echo (45.0f.toRadi...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Trabb_Pardo%E2%80%93Knuth_algorithm
Trabb Pardo–Knuth algorithm
The TPK algorithm is an early example of a programming chrestomathy. It was used in Donald Knuth and Luis Trabb Pardo's Stanford tech report The Early Development of Programming Languages. The report traces the early history of work in developing computer languages in the 1940s and 1950s, giving several translations of...
#OCaml
OCaml
let f x = sqrt x +. 5.0 *. (x ** 3.0) let p x = x < 400.0   let () = print_endline "Please enter 11 Numbers:"; let lst = Array.to_list (Array.init 11 (fun _ -> read_float ())) in List.iter (fun x -> let res = f x in if p res then Printf.printf "f(%g) = %g\n%!" x res else Printf.eprintf "f(%g) :: O...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Trabb_Pardo%E2%80%93Knuth_algorithm
Trabb Pardo–Knuth algorithm
The TPK algorithm is an early example of a programming chrestomathy. It was used in Donald Knuth and Luis Trabb Pardo's Stanford tech report The Early Development of Programming Languages. The report traces the early history of work in developing computer languages in the 1940s and 1950s, giving several translations of...
#PARI.2FGP
PARI/GP
{ print("11 numbers: "); v=vector(11, n, eval(input())); v=apply(x->x=sqrt(abs(x))+5*x^3;if(x>400,"overflow",x), v); vector(11, i, v[12-i]) }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Truth_table
Truth table
A truth table is a display of the inputs to, and the output of a Boolean function organized as a table where each row gives one combination of input values and the corresponding value of the function. Task Input a Boolean function from the user as a string then calculate and print a formatted truth table for the g...
#Tcl
Tcl
package require Tcl 8.5   puts -nonewline "Enter a boolean expression: " flush stdout set exp [gets stdin]   # Generate the nested loops as the body of a lambda term. set vars [lsort -unique [regexp -inline -all {\$\w+} $exp]] set cmd [list format [string repeat "%s\t" [llength $vars]]%s] append cmd " {*}\[[list subst ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Ulam_spiral_(for_primes)
Ulam spiral (for primes)
An Ulam spiral (of primes) is a method of visualizing primes when expressed in a (normally counter-clockwise) outward spiral (usually starting at 1),   constructed on a square grid, starting at the "center". An Ulam spiral is also known as a   prime spiral. The first grid (green) is shown with sequential integers,   ...
#XPL0
XPL0
func IsPrime(N); \Return 'true' if N is prime int N, I; [if N <= 2 then return N = 2; if (N&1) = 0 then \even >2\ return false; for I:= 3 to sqrt(N) do [if rem(N/I) = 0 then return false; I:= I+1; ]; return true; ];   int N, X, Y, Len, Dir, DX, DY, Side, Step; [SetVid($13); X:= 320/2; Y:= 200/2; N:...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Truncatable_primes
Truncatable primes
A truncatable prime is a prime number that when you successively remove digits from one end of the prime, you are left with a new prime number. Examples The number 997 is called a left-truncatable prime as the numbers 997, 97, and 7 are all prime. The number 7393 is a right-truncatable prime as the numbers 7393, 7...
#Perl
Perl
use ntheory ":all"; sub isltrunc { my $n = shift; return (is_prime($n) && $n !~ /0/ && ($n < 10 || isltrunc(substr($n,1)))); } sub isrtrunc { my $n = shift; return (is_prime($n) && $n !~ /0/ && ($n < 10 || isrtrunc(substr($n,0,-1)))); } for (reverse @{primes(1e6)}) { if (isltrunc($_)) { print "ltrunc: $_\n"; ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Tree_traversal
Tree traversal
Task Implement a binary tree where each node carries an integer,   and implement:   pre-order,   in-order,   post-order,     and   level-order   traversal. Use those traversals to output the following tree: 1 / \ / \ / \ 2 3 / \ / 4 5 6 / ...
#Coq
Coq
Require Import Utf8. Require Import List.   Unset Elimination Schemes.   (* Rose tree, with numbers on nodes *) Inductive tree := Tree { value : nat ; children : list tree }.   Fixpoint height (t: tree) : nat := 1 + fold_left (λ n t, max n (height t)) (children t) 0.   Example leaf n : tree := {| value := n ; childre...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Tokenize_a_string
Tokenize a string
Separate the string "Hello,How,Are,You,Today" by commas into an array (or list) so that each element of it stores a different word. Display the words to the 'user', in the simplest manner possible, separated by a period. To simplify, you may display a trailing period. Other tasks related to string operations: Me...
#BASIC
BASIC
100 T$ = "HELLO,HOW,ARE,YOU,TODAY" 110 GOSUB 200"TOKENIZE 120 FOR I = 1 TO N 130 PRINT A$(I) "." ; 140 NEXT 150 PRINT 160 END   200 IF N = 0 THEN DIM A$(256) 210 N = 1 220 A$(N) = " 230 FOR TI = 1 TO LEN(T$) 240 C$ = MID$(T$, TI, 1) 250 T = C$ = "," 260 IF T THEN C$ = " 270 N = N + T 280 IF T TH...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Tokenize_a_string
Tokenize a string
Separate the string "Hello,How,Are,You,Today" by commas into an array (or list) so that each element of it stores a different word. Display the words to the 'user', in the simplest manner possible, separated by a period. To simplify, you may display a trailing period. Other tasks related to string operations: Me...
#Batch_File
Batch File
@echo off setlocal enabledelayedexpansion call :tokenize %1 res echo %res% goto :eof   :tokenize set str=%~1 :loop for %%i in (%str%) do set %2=!%2!.%%i set %2=!%2:~1! goto :eof
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Time_a_function
Time a function
Task Write a program which uses a timer (with the least granularity available on your system) to time how long a function takes to execute. Whenever possible, use methods which measure only the processing time used by the current process; instead of the difference in system time between start and finish, which could ...
#BaCon
BaCon
' Time a function SUB timed() SLEEP 7000 END SUB   st = TIMER timed() et = TIMER PRINT st, ", ", et
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Time_a_function
Time a function
Task Write a program which uses a timer (with the least granularity available on your system) to time how long a function takes to execute. Whenever possible, use methods which measure only the processing time used by the current process; instead of the difference in system time between start and finish, which could ...
#BASIC
BASIC
DIM timestart AS SINGLE, timedone AS SINGLE, timeelapsed AS SINGLE   timestart = TIMER SLEEP 1 'code or function to execute goes here timedone = TIMER   'midnight check: IF timedone < timestart THEN timedone = timedone + 86400 timeelapsed = timedone - timestart
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Top_rank_per_group
Top rank per group
Task Find the top   N   salaries in each department,   where   N   is provided as a parameter. Use this data as a formatted internal data structure (adapt it to your language-native idioms, rather than parse at runtime), or identify your external data source: Employee Name,Employee ID,Salary,Department Tyler Bennett...
#Common_Lisp
Common Lisp
(defun top-n-by-group (n data value-key group-key predicate &key (group-test 'eql)) (let ((not-pred (complement predicate)) (group-data (make-hash-table :test group-test))) (labels ((value (datum) (funcall value-key datum)) (insert (x list) (merge 'list (list x) ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Tic-tac-toe
Tic-tac-toe
Task Play a game of tic-tac-toe. Ensure that legal moves are played and that a winning position is notified. Tic-tac-toe   is also known as:   naughts and crosses   tic tac toe   tick tack toe   three in a row   tres en rayo       and   Xs  and  Os See also   MathWorld™, Tic-Tac-Toe game.   Wikipedi...
#AWK
AWK
  # syntax: GAWK -f TIC-TAC-TOE.AWK BEGIN { move[12] = "3 7 4 6 8"; move[13] = "2 8 6 4 7"; move[14] = "7 3 2 8 6" move[16] = "8 2 3 7 4"; move[17] = "4 6 8 2 3"; move[18] = "6 4 7 3 2" move[19] = "8 2 3 7 4"; move[23] = "1 9 6 4 8"; move[24] = "1 9 3 7 8" move[25] = "8 3 7 4 0"; move[26] = "3 7 1 9 8";...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Towers_of_Hanoi
Towers of Hanoi
Task Solve the   Towers of Hanoi   problem with recursion.
#BASIC
BASIC
SUB move (n AS Integer, fromPeg AS Integer, toPeg AS Integer, viaPeg AS Integer) IF n>0 THEN move n-1, fromPeg, viaPeg, toPeg PRINT "Move disk from "; fromPeg; " to "; toPeg move n-1, viaPeg, toPeg, fromPeg END IF END SUB   move 4,1,2,3
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Thue-Morse
Thue-Morse
Task Create a Thue-Morse sequence. See also   YouTube entry: The Fairest Sharing Sequence Ever   YouTube entry: Math and OCD - My story with the Thue-Morse sequence   Task: Fairshare between two and more
#FreeBASIC
FreeBASIC
  Dim As String tm = "0"   Function Thue_Morse(s As String) As String Dim As String k = "" For i As Integer = 1 To Len(s) If Mid(s, i, 1) = "1" Then k += "0" Else k += "1" End If Next i Thue_Morse = s + k End Function   Print tm For j As Integer = 1 To ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Thue-Morse
Thue-Morse
Task Create a Thue-Morse sequence. See also   YouTube entry: The Fairest Sharing Sequence Ever   YouTube entry: Math and OCD - My story with the Thue-Morse sequence   Task: Fairshare between two and more
#F.C5.8Drmul.C3.A6
Fōrmulæ
// prints the first few members of the Thue-Morse sequence   package main   import ( "fmt" "bytes" )   // sets tmBuffer to the next member of the Thue-Morse sequence // tmBuffer must contain a valid Thue-Morse sequence member before the call func nextTMSequenceMember( tmBuffer * bytes.Buffer ) { // "flip" t...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Tonelli-Shanks_algorithm
Tonelli-Shanks algorithm
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Tonelli-Shanks algorithm. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) In computational number theory, the Tonelli–Shanks algor...
#PicoLisp
PicoLisp
# from @lib/rsa.l (de **Mod (X Y N) (let M 1 (loop (when (bit? 1 Y) (setq M (% (* M X) N)) ) (T (=0 (setq Y (>> 1 Y))) M ) (setq X (% (* X X) N)) ) ) ) (de legendre (N P) (**Mod N (/ (dec P) 2) P) ) (de ts (N P) (and (=1 (legendre N P)) (let ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Tonelli-Shanks_algorithm
Tonelli-Shanks algorithm
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Tonelli-Shanks algorithm. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) In computational number theory, the Tonelli–Shanks algor...
#Python
Python
def legendre(a, p): return pow(a, (p - 1) // 2, p)   def tonelli(n, p): assert legendre(n, p) == 1, "not a square (mod p)" q = p - 1 s = 0 while q % 2 == 0: q //= 2 s += 1 if s == 1: return pow(n, (p + 1) // 4, p) for z in range(2, p): if p - 1 == legendre(z, ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Tokenize_a_string_with_escaping
Tokenize a string with escaping
Task[edit] Write a function or program that can split a string at each non-escaped occurrence of a separator character. It should accept three input parameters:   The string   The separator character   The escape character It should output a list of strings. Details Rules for splitting: The fields that were s...
#Haskell
Haskell
splitEsc :: (Foldable t1, Eq t) => t -> t -> t1 t -> [[t]] splitEsc sep esc = reverse . map reverse . snd . foldl process (0, [[]]) where process (st, r:rs) ch | st == 0 && ch == esc = (1, r:rs) | st == 0 && ch == sep = (0, []:r:rs) | st == 1 && sep == ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Total_circles_area
Total circles area
Total circles area You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Example circles Example circles filtered Given some partially overlapping circles on the plane, compute and show the total area covered by them, with four or six (or a little more) decimal dig...
#Tcl
Tcl
set circles { 1.6417233788 1.6121789534 0.0848270516 -1.4944608174 1.2077959613 1.1039549836 0.6110294452 -0.6907087527 0.9089162485 0.3844862411 0.2923344616 0.2375743054 -0.2495892950 -0.3832854473 1.0845181219 1.7813504266 1.6178237031 0.8162655711 -0.1985249206 -0.8343333301 0.05...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Topological_sort
Topological sort
Sorting Algorithm This is a sorting algorithm.   It may be applied to a set of data in order to sort it.     For comparing various sorts, see compare sorts.   For other sorting algorithms,   see sorting algorithms,   or: O(n logn) sorts Heap sort | Merge sort | Patience sort | Quick sort O(n log2n) sorts Shell Sort ...
#FunL
FunL
def topsort( graph ) = val L = seq() val S = seq() val g = dict( graph )   for (v, es) <- g g(v) = seq( es )   for (v, es) <- g if es.isEmpty() S.append( v )   while not S.isEmpty() val n = S.remove( 0 ) L.append( n )   for (m, es) <- g if n in es if (es -= n).isEmpty() ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Universal_Turing_machine
Universal Turing machine
One of the foundational mathematical constructs behind computer science is the universal Turing Machine. (Alan Turing introduced the idea of such a machine in 1936–1937.) Indeed one way to definitively prove that a language is turing-complete is to implement a universal Turing machine in it. Task Simulate such ...
#MATLAB
MATLAB
function tape=turing(rules,tape,initial,terminal) %"rules" is cell array of cell arrays of the following form: %First element is number representing initial state %Second element is number representing input from the tape %Third element is number representing output printed onto the tape %Fourth ele...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Totient_function
Totient function
The   totient   function is also known as:   Euler's totient function   Euler's phi totient function   phi totient function   Φ   function   (uppercase Greek phi)   φ    function   (lowercase Greek phi) Definitions   (as per number theory) The totient function:   counts the integers up to a given positiv...
#Lua
Lua
-- Return the greatest common denominator of x and y function gcd (x, y) return y == 0 and math.abs(x) or gcd(y, x % y) end   -- Return the totient number for n function totient (n) local count = 0 for k = 1, n do if gcd(n, k) == 1 then count = count + 1 end end return count end   -- Determine (inefficien...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Topswops
Topswops
Topswops is a card game created by John Conway in the 1970's. Assume you have a particular permutation of a set of   n   cards numbered   1..n   on both of their faces, for example the arrangement of four cards given by   [2, 4, 1, 3]   where the leftmost card is on top. A round is composed of reversing the first  ...
#Ruby
Ruby
def f1(a) i = 0 while (a0 = a[0]) > 1 a[0...a0] = a[0...a0].reverse i += 1 end i end   def fannkuch(n) [*1..n].permutation.map{|a| f1(a)}.max end   for n in 1..10 puts "%2d : %d" % [n, fannkuch(n)] end
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Trigonometric_functions
Trigonometric functions
Task If your language has a library or built-in functions for trigonometry, show examples of:   sine   cosine   tangent   inverses   (of the above) using the same angle in radians and degrees. For the non-inverse functions,   each radian/degree pair should use arguments that evaluate to the same angle   (that i...
#Forth
Forth
45e pi f* 180e f/ \ radians   cr fdup fsin f. \ also available: fsincos ( r -- sin cos ) cr fdup fcos f. cr fdup ftan f. cr fdup fasin f. cr fdup facos f. cr fatan f. \ also available: fatan2 ( r1 r2 -- atan[r1/r2] )
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Trigonometric_functions
Trigonometric functions
Task If your language has a library or built-in functions for trigonometry, show examples of:   sine   cosine   tangent   inverses   (of the above) using the same angle in radians and degrees. For the non-inverse functions,   each radian/degree pair should use arguments that evaluate to the same angle   (that i...
#Fortran
Fortran
PROGRAM Trig   REAL pi, dtor, rtod, radians, degrees   pi = 4.0 * ATAN(1.0) dtor = pi / 180.0 rtod = 180.0 / pi radians = pi / 4.0 degrees = 45.0   WRITE(*,*) SIN(radians), SIN(degrees*dtor) WRITE(*,*) COS(radians), COS(degrees*dtor) WRITE(*,*) TAN(radians), TAN(degrees*dtor) WRITE(*,*) ASIN(SIN(ra...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Trabb_Pardo%E2%80%93Knuth_algorithm
Trabb Pardo–Knuth algorithm
The TPK algorithm is an early example of a programming chrestomathy. It was used in Donald Knuth and Luis Trabb Pardo's Stanford tech report The Early Development of Programming Languages. The report traces the early history of work in developing computer languages in the 1940s and 1950s, giving several translations of...
#Perl
Perl
print "Enter 11 numbers:\n"; for ( 1..11 ) { $number = <STDIN>; chomp $number; push @sequence, $number; }   for $n (reverse @sequence) { my $result = sqrt( abs($n) ) + 5 * $n**3; printf "f( %6.2f ) %s\n", $n, $result > 400 ? " too large!" : sprintf "= %6.2f", $result }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Trabb_Pardo%E2%80%93Knuth_algorithm
Trabb Pardo–Knuth algorithm
The TPK algorithm is an early example of a programming chrestomathy. It was used in Donald Knuth and Luis Trabb Pardo's Stanford tech report The Early Development of Programming Languages. The report traces the early history of work in developing computer languages in the 1940s and 1950s, giving several translations of...
#Phix
Phix
function f(atom x) return sqrt(abs(x))+5*power(x,3) end function procedure test(string s, bool fake_prompt=true) if fake_prompt then printf(1,"Enter 11 numbers:%s\n",{s}) end if s = substitute(s,","," ") sequence S = scanf(s,"%f %f %f %f %f %f %f %f %f %f %f") if length(S)!=1 then puts(1,"not 11 nu...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Truth_table
Truth table
A truth table is a display of the inputs to, and the output of a Boolean function organized as a table where each row gives one combination of input values and the corresponding value of the function. Task Input a Boolean function from the user as a string then calculate and print a formatted truth table for the g...
#Visual_Basic_.NET
Visual Basic .NET
Imports System.Text   Module Module1 Structure Operator_ Public ReadOnly Symbol As Char Public ReadOnly Precedence As Integer Public ReadOnly Arity As Integer Public ReadOnly Fun As Func(Of Boolean, Boolean, Boolean)   Public Sub New(symbol As Char, precedence As Integer, f A...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Ulam_spiral_(for_primes)
Ulam spiral (for primes)
An Ulam spiral (of primes) is a method of visualizing primes when expressed in a (normally counter-clockwise) outward spiral (usually starting at 1),   constructed on a square grid, starting at the "center". An Ulam spiral is also known as a   prime spiral. The first grid (green) is shown with sequential integers,   ...
#Yabasic
Yabasic
sub is_prime(n) local p   for p=2 to n if p*p>n break if mod(n,p)=0 return false next return n>=2 end sub   sub spiral(w, h, x, y) if y then return w+spiral(h-1,w,y-1,w-x-1) else return x end if end sub   w = 9 : h = 9 for i=h-1 to 0 step -1 for j=w-1 to 0...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Truncatable_primes
Truncatable primes
A truncatable prime is a prime number that when you successively remove digits from one end of the prime, you are left with a new prime number. Examples The number 997 is called a left-truncatable prime as the numbers 997, 97, and 7 are all prime. The number 7393 is a right-truncatable prime as the numbers 7393, 7...
#Phix
Phix
with javascript_semantics constant N = 6, limit = power(10,N) -- standard sieve: enum L,R -- (with primes[i] as mini bit-field) sequence primes = repeat(L+R, limit) primes[1] = 0 for i=2 to floor(sqrt(limit)) do if primes[i] then for k=i*i to limit by i do primes[k] = 0 end for end ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Tree_traversal
Tree traversal
Task Implement a binary tree where each node carries an integer,   and implement:   pre-order,   in-order,   post-order,     and   level-order   traversal. Use those traversals to output the following tree: 1 / \ / \ / \ 2 3 / \ / 4 5 6 / ...
#Crystal
Crystal
  class Node(T) property left : Nil | Node(T) property right : Nil | Node(T) property data : T   def initialize(@data, @left = nil, @right = nil) end   def preorder_traverse print " #{data}" if left = @left left.preorder_traverse end if right = @right right.preorder_traverse ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Tokenize_a_string
Tokenize a string
Separate the string "Hello,How,Are,You,Today" by commas into an array (or list) so that each element of it stores a different word. Display the words to the 'user', in the simplest manner possible, separated by a period. To simplify, you may display a trailing period. Other tasks related to string operations: Me...
#Bracmat
Bracmat
( "Hello,How,Are,You,Today":?String & :?ReverseList & whl ' ( @(!String:?element "," ?String) & !element !ReverseList:?ReverseList ) & !String:?List & whl ' ( !ReverseList:%?element ?ReverseList & (!element.!List):?List ) & out$!List )
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Tokenize_a_string
Tokenize a string
Separate the string "Hello,How,Are,You,Today" by commas into an array (or list) so that each element of it stores a different word. Display the words to the 'user', in the simplest manner possible, separated by a period. To simplify, you may display a trailing period. Other tasks related to string operations: Me...
#C
C
#include<string.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h>   int main(void) { char *a[5]; const char *s="Hello,How,Are,You,Today"; int n=0, nn;   char *ds=strdup(s);   a[n]=strtok(ds, ","); while(a[n] && n<4) a[++n]=strtok(NULL, ",");   for(nn=0; nn<=n; ++nn) printf("%s.", a[nn]); putchar('\n');   free(ds);   re...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Time_a_function
Time a function
Task Write a program which uses a timer (with the least granularity available on your system) to time how long a function takes to execute. Whenever possible, use methods which measure only the processing time used by the current process; instead of the difference in system time between start and finish, which could ...
#BASIC256
BASIC256
call cont(10000000) print msec; " milliseconds"   t0 = msec call cont(10000000) print msec+t0; " milliseconds" end   subroutine cont(n) sum = 0 for i = 1 to n sum += 1 next i end subroutine
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Time_a_function
Time a function
Task Write a program which uses a timer (with the least granularity available on your system) to time how long a function takes to execute. Whenever possible, use methods which measure only the processing time used by the current process; instead of the difference in system time between start and finish, which could ...
#Batch_File
Batch File
  @echo off Setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion   call :clock   ::timed function:fibonacci series..................................... set /a a=0 ,b=1,c=1 :loop if %c% lss 2000000000 echo %c% & set /a c=a+b,a=b, b=c & goto loop ::....................................................................   call :clock   echo Fun...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Top_rank_per_group
Top rank per group
Task Find the top   N   salaries in each department,   where   N   is provided as a parameter. Use this data as a formatted internal data structure (adapt it to your language-native idioms, rather than parse at runtime), or identify your external data source: Employee Name,Employee ID,Salary,Department Tyler Bennett...
#D
D
import std.stdio, std.algorithm, std.conv, std.range;   struct Employee { string name, id; uint salary; string department; }   immutable Employee[] data = [ {"Tyler Bennett", "E10297", 32_000, "D101"}, {"John Rappl", "E21437", 47_000, "D050"}, {"George Woltman", "E00127", 53_500, "D101"}, ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Tic-tac-toe
Tic-tac-toe
Task Play a game of tic-tac-toe. Ensure that legal moves are played and that a winning position is notified. Tic-tac-toe   is also known as:   naughts and crosses   tic tac toe   tick tack toe   three in a row   tres en rayo       and   Xs  and  Os See also   MathWorld™, Tic-Tac-Toe game.   Wikipedi...
#Bash
Bash
  #!/bin/bash declare -a B=( e e e e e e e e e ) # Board   function show(){ # show B - underline first 2 rows; highlight position; number empty positoins local -i p POS=${1:-9}; local UL BOLD="\e[1m" GREEN="\e[32m" DIM="\e[2m" OFF="\e[m" ULC="\e[4m" for p in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8; do [[ p%3 -eq 0 ]] && printf "...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Towers_of_Hanoi
Towers of Hanoi
Task Solve the   Towers of Hanoi   problem with recursion.
#BASIC256
BASIC256
call move(4,1,2,3) print "Towers of Hanoi puzzle completed!" end   subroutine move (n, fromPeg, toPeg, viaPeg) if n>0 then call move(n-1, fromPeg, viaPeg, toPeg) print "Move disk from "+fromPeg+" to "+toPeg call move(n-1, viaPeg, toPeg, fromPeg) end if end subroutine
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Thue-Morse
Thue-Morse
Task Create a Thue-Morse sequence. See also   YouTube entry: The Fairest Sharing Sequence Ever   YouTube entry: Math and OCD - My story with the Thue-Morse sequence   Task: Fairshare between two and more
#Go
Go
// prints the first few members of the Thue-Morse sequence   package main   import ( "fmt" "bytes" )   // sets tmBuffer to the next member of the Thue-Morse sequence // tmBuffer must contain a valid Thue-Morse sequence member before the call func nextTMSequenceMember( tmBuffer * bytes.Buffer ) { // "flip" t...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Thue-Morse
Thue-Morse
Task Create a Thue-Morse sequence. See also   YouTube entry: The Fairest Sharing Sequence Ever   YouTube entry: Math and OCD - My story with the Thue-Morse sequence   Task: Fairshare between two and more
#Haskell
Haskell
thueMorsePxs :: [[Int]] thueMorsePxs = iterate ((++) <*> map (1 -)) [0]   {- = Control.Monad.ap (++) (map (1-)) `iterate` [0] = iterate (\ xs -> (++) xs (map (1-) xs)) [0] = iterate (\ xs -> xs ++ map (1-) xs) [0] -} main :: IO () main = print $ thueMorsePxs !! 5
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Tonelli-Shanks_algorithm
Tonelli-Shanks algorithm
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Tonelli-Shanks algorithm. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) In computational number theory, the Tonelli–Shanks algor...
#Racket
Racket
#lang racket   (require math/number-theory)   (define (Legendre a p) (modexpt a (quotient (sub1 p) 2)))   (define (Tonelli n p (err (λ (n p) (error "not a square (mod p)" (list n p))))) (with-modulus p (unless (= 1 (Legendre n p)) (err n p))   (define-values (q s) (let even?-q-loop ((q (sub1 p)) (s ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Tonelli-Shanks_algorithm
Tonelli-Shanks algorithm
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Tonelli-Shanks algorithm. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) In computational number theory, the Tonelli–Shanks algor...
#Raku
Raku
# Legendre operator (𝑛│𝑝) sub infix:<│> (Int \𝑛, Int \𝑝 where 𝑝.is-prime && (𝑝 != 2)) { given 𝑛.expmod( (𝑝-1) div 2, 𝑝 ) { when 0 { 0 } when 1 { 1 } default { -1 } } }   sub tonelli-shanks ( \𝑛, \𝑝 where (𝑛│𝑝) > 0 ) { my $𝑄 = 𝑝 - 1; my $𝑆 = 0; $𝑄 +>= 1 a...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Tokenize_a_string_with_escaping
Tokenize a string with escaping
Task[edit] Write a function or program that can split a string at each non-escaped occurrence of a separator character. It should accept three input parameters:   The string   The separator character   The escape character It should output a list of strings. Details Rules for splitting: The fields that were s...
#J
J
  tokenize1=: tokenize =: '^|'&$: :(4 : 0) 'ESC SEP' =. x STATE =. 0 RESULT =. 0 $ a: TOKEN =. '' for_C. y do. if. STATE do. TOKEN =. TOKEN , C STATE =. 0 else. if. C = ESC do. STATE =. 1 elseif. C = SEP do. RESULT =. RESULT , < TOKEN TOKEN =. '' elseif. do. TOKEN =. TOKEN , C ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Tokenize_a_string_with_escaping
Tokenize a string with escaping
Task[edit] Write a function or program that can split a string at each non-escaped occurrence of a separator character. It should accept three input parameters:   The string   The separator character   The escape character It should output a list of strings. Details Rules for splitting: The fields that were s...
#Java
Java
import java.util.*;   public class TokenizeStringWithEscaping {   public static void main(String[] args) { String sample = "one^|uno||three^^^^|four^^^|^cuatro|"; char separator = '|'; char escape = '^';   System.out.println(sample); try { System.out.println(token...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Total_circles_area
Total circles area
Total circles area You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Example circles Example circles filtered Given some partially overlapping circles on the plane, compute and show the total area covered by them, with four or six (or a little more) decimal dig...
#VBA
VBA
Public c As Variant Public pi As Double Dim arclists() As Variant Public Enum circles_ xc = 0 yc rc End Enum Public Enum arclists_ rho x_ y_ i_ End Enum Public Enum shoelace_axis u = 0 v End Enum Private Sub give_a_list_of_circles() c = Array(Array(1.6417233788, 1.6121789534, 0.0...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Topological_sort
Topological sort
Sorting Algorithm This is a sorting algorithm.   It may be applied to a set of data in order to sort it.     For comparing various sorts, see compare sorts.   For other sorting algorithms,   see sorting algorithms,   or: O(n logn) sorts Heap sort | Merge sort | Patience sort | Quick sort O(n log2n) sorts Shell Sort ...
#Go
Go
package main   import ( "fmt" "strings" )   var data = ` LIBRARY LIBRARY DEPENDENCIES ======= ==================== des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw02 ieee dw02 dware dw03 std synops...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Universal_Turing_machine
Universal Turing machine
One of the foundational mathematical constructs behind computer science is the universal Turing Machine. (Alan Turing introduced the idea of such a machine in 1936–1937.) Indeed one way to definitively prove that a language is turing-complete is to implement a universal Turing machine in it. Task Simulate such ...
#Mercury
Mercury
:- module turing.   :- interface.   :- import_module list. :- import_module set.   :- type config(State, Symbol) ---> config(initial_state  :: State, halting_states :: set(State), blank  :: Symbol ).   :- type action ---> left ; stay ; right.   :- func turing(config(State, Sy...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Totient_function
Totient function
The   totient   function is also known as:   Euler's totient function   Euler's phi totient function   phi totient function   Φ   function   (uppercase Greek phi)   φ    function   (lowercase Greek phi) Definitions   (as per number theory) The totient function:   counts the integers up to a given positiv...
#Mathematica_.2F_Wolfram_Language
Mathematica / Wolfram Language
Do[ tmp = EulerPhi[i]; If[i - 1 == tmp, Print["\[CurlyPhi](", i, ")=", tmp, ", is prime"] , Print["\[CurlyPhi](", i, ")=", tmp] ] , {i, 25} ] Count[EulerPhi[Range[100]] - Range[100], -1] Count[EulerPhi[Range[1000]] - Range[1000], -1] Count[EulerPhi[Range[10000]] - Range[10000], -1] Count[EulerPhi[Range[100...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Topswops
Topswops
Topswops is a card game created by John Conway in the 1970's. Assume you have a particular permutation of a set of   n   cards numbered   1..n   on both of their faces, for example the arrangement of four cards given by   [2, 4, 1, 3]   where the leftmost card is on top. A round is composed of reversing the first  ...
#Rust
Rust
  use itertools::Itertools;   fn solve(deck: &[usize]) -> usize { let mut counter = 0_usize; let mut shuffle = deck.to_vec(); loop { let p0 = shuffle[0]; if p0 == 1 { break; } shuffle[..p0].reverse(); counter += 1; }   counter }   // this is a naiv...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Topswops
Topswops
Topswops is a card game created by John Conway in the 1970's. Assume you have a particular permutation of a set of   n   cards numbered   1..n   on both of their faces, for example the arrangement of four cards given by   [2, 4, 1, 3]   where the leftmost card is on top. A round is composed of reversing the first  ...
#Scala
Scala
object Fannkuch extends App {   def fannkuchen(l: List[Int], n: Int, i: Int, acc: Int): Int = { def flips(l: List[Int]): Int = (l: @unchecked) match { case 1 :: ls => 0 case (n :: ls) => val splitted = l.splitAt(n) flips(splitted._2.reverse_:::(splitted._1)) + 1 }   def rotateL...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Trigonometric_functions
Trigonometric functions
Task If your language has a library or built-in functions for trigonometry, show examples of:   sine   cosine   tangent   inverses   (of the above) using the same angle in radians and degrees. For the non-inverse functions,   each radian/degree pair should use arguments that evaluate to the same angle   (that i...
#FreeBASIC
FreeBASIC
' FB 1.05.0 Win64   Const pi As Double = 4 * Atn(1) Dim As Double radians = pi / 4 Dim As Double degrees = 45.0 '' equivalent in degrees Dim As Double temp   Print "Radians  : "; radians, " "; Print "Degrees  : "; degrees Print Print "Sine  : "; Sin(radians), Sin(degrees * pi / 180) Print "Cosine  : "; ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Trabb_Pardo%E2%80%93Knuth_algorithm
Trabb Pardo–Knuth algorithm
The TPK algorithm is an early example of a programming chrestomathy. It was used in Donald Knuth and Luis Trabb Pardo's Stanford tech report The Early Development of Programming Languages. The report traces the early history of work in developing computer languages in the 1940s and 1950s, giving several translations of...
#Picat
Picat
import util.   go => L = [I.parse_term() : I in split(read_line())], S = [[I,cond(F<=400,F,'TOO LARGE')] : I in L.len..-1..1, F=f(L[I])], println(S), nl.   f(T) = sqrt(abs(T)) + 5*T**3.
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Trabb_Pardo%E2%80%93Knuth_algorithm
Trabb Pardo–Knuth algorithm
The TPK algorithm is an early example of a programming chrestomathy. It was used in Donald Knuth and Luis Trabb Pardo's Stanford tech report The Early Development of Programming Languages. The report traces the early history of work in developing computer languages in the 1940s and 1950s, giving several translations of...
#PicoLisp
PicoLisp
(de f (X) (+ (sqrt (abs X)) (* 5 X X X)) )   (trace 'f)   (in NIL (prin "Input 11 numbers: ") (for X (reverse (make (do 11 (link (read))))) (when (> (f X) 400) (prinl "TOO LARGE") ) ) )
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Truth_table
Truth table
A truth table is a display of the inputs to, and the output of a Boolean function organized as a table where each row gives one combination of input values and the corresponding value of the function. Task Input a Boolean function from the user as a string then calculate and print a formatted truth table for the g...
#Wren
Wren
import "/dynamic" for Struct import "/ioutil" for Input import "/seq" for Stack import "/str" for Str   var Variable = Struct.create("Variable", ["name", "value"])   // use integer constants as bools don't support bitwise operators var FALSE = 0 var TRUE = 1   var expr = "" var variables = []   var isOperator = Fn.new ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Ulam_spiral_(for_primes)
Ulam spiral (for primes)
An Ulam spiral (of primes) is a method of visualizing primes when expressed in a (normally counter-clockwise) outward spiral (usually starting at 1),   constructed on a square grid, starting at the "center". An Ulam spiral is also known as a   prime spiral. The first grid (green) is shown with sequential integers,   ...
#zkl
zkl
var primes =Utils.Generator(Import("sieve.zkl").postponed_sieve); // lazy var offsets=Utils.cycle( T(0,1),T(-1,0),T(0,-1),T(1,0) ); // (N,E,S,W), lazy const BLACK=0, WHITE=0xff|ff|ff, GREEN=0x00|ff|00, EMPTY=0x080|80|80; fcn uspiral(N){ if((M:=N).isEven) M+=1; // need odd width, height img,p := PPM(M,M,EMPTY),...