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http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Machine_code
Machine code
The task requires poking machine code directly into memory and executing it. The machine code is the architecture-specific opcodes which have the simple task of adding two unsigned bytes together and making the result available to the high-level language. For example, the following assembly language program is given for x86 (32 bit) architectures: mov EAX, [ESP+4] add EAX, [ESP+8] ret This would translate into the following opcode bytes: 139 68 36 4 3 68 36 8 195 Or in hexadecimal: 8B 44 24 04 03 44 24 08 C3 Task If different than 32-bit x86, specify the target architecture of the machine code for your example. It may be helpful to also include an assembly version of the machine code for others to reference and understand what is being executed. Then, implement the following in your favorite programming language: Poke the necessary opcodes into a memory location. Provide a means to pass two values to the machine code. Execute the machine code with the following arguments: unsigned-byte argument of value 7; unsigned-byte argument of value 12; The result would be 19. Perform any clean up actions that are appropriate for your chosen language (free the pointer or memory allocations, etc.)
#Go
Go
package main   import "fmt"   /* #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <sys/mman.h> #include <string.h>   typedef unsigned char byte; typedef byte (*mcfunc) (byte, byte);   void runMachineCode(void *buf, byte a, byte b) { mcfunc fp = (mcfunc)buf; printf("%d\n", fp(a, b)); } */ import "C"   func main() { code := []byte{ 0x55, 0x48, 0x89, 0xe5, 0x89, 0x7d, 0xfc, 0x89, 0x75, 0xf8, 0x8b, 0x75, 0xfc, 0x03, 0x75, 0xf8, 0x89, 0x75, 0xf4, 0x8b, 0x45, 0xf4, 0x5d, 0xc3, } le := len(code) buf := C.mmap(nil, C.size_t(le), C.PROT_READ|C.PROT_WRITE|C.PROT_EXEC, C.MAP_PRIVATE|C.MAP_ANON, -1, 0) codePtr := C.CBytes(code) C.memcpy(buf, codePtr, C.size_t(le)) var a, b byte = 7, 12 fmt.Printf("%d + %d = ", a, b) C.runMachineCode(buf, C.byte(a), C.byte(b)) C.munmap(buf, C.size_t(le)) C.free(codePtr) }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Mandelbrot_set
Mandelbrot set
Mandelbrot set You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Generate and draw the Mandelbrot set. Note that there are many algorithms to draw Mandelbrot set and there are many functions which generate it .
#Python
Python
# Python 3.0+ and 2.5+ try: from functools import reduce except: pass     def mandelbrot(a): return reduce(lambda z, _: z * z + a, range(50), 0)   def step(start, step, iterations): return (start + (i * step) for i in range(iterations))   rows = (("*" if abs(mandelbrot(complex(x, y))) < 2 else " " for x in step(-2.0, .0315, 80)) for y in step(1, -.05, 41))   print("\n".join("".join(row) for row in rows))  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Matrix_multiplication
Matrix multiplication
Task Multiply two matrices together. They can be of any dimensions, so long as the number of columns of the first matrix is equal to the number of rows of the second matrix.
#Stata
Stata
. mat a=1,2,3\4,5,6 . mat b=1,1,0,0\1,0,0,1\0,0,1,1 . mat c=a*b . mat list c   c[2,4] c1 c2 c3 c4 r1 3 1 3 5 r2 9 4 6 11
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Matrix_transposition
Matrix transposition
Transpose an arbitrarily sized rectangular Matrix.
#Ursala
Ursala
#cast %eLL   example =   ~&K7 < <1.,2.,3.,4.>, <5.,6.,7.,8.>, <9.,10.,11.,12.>>
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Matrix_transposition
Matrix transposition
Transpose an arbitrarily sized rectangular Matrix.
#VBA
VBA
Function transpose(m As Variant) As Variant transpose = WorksheetFunction.transpose(m) End Function
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/MAC_Vendor_Lookup
MAC Vendor Lookup
Every connected device around the world comes with a unique Media Access Control address, or a   MAC address. A common task a network administrator may come across is being able to identify a network device's manufacturer when given only a MAC address. Task Interface with one (or numerous) APIs that exist on the internet and retrieve the device manufacturer based on a supplied MAC address. A MAC address that does not return a valid result should return the String "N/A".   An error related to the network connectivity or the API should return a null result. Many implementations on this page use http://api.macvendors.com/ which, as of 19th September 2021, is throttling requests. After only 2 calls, the following response is returned for all subsequent requests. If you are planning to use the same provider or going to run the examples on this page, consider building in a delay between two calls. {"errors":{"detail":"Too Many Requests","message":"Please slow down your requests or upgrade your plan at https://macvendors.com"}}
#Raku
Raku
use HTTP::UserAgent;   my $ua = HTTP::UserAgent.new;   $ua.timeout = 10; # seconds   my $server = 'http://api.macvendors.com/';   sub lookup ($mac) { my $response = $ua.get: "$server+$mac"; sleep 1; return $response.is-success ?? $response.content !! 'N/A';   CATCH { # Normally you would report some information about what default { Nil } # went wrong, but the task specifies to ignore errors. } }   for < BC:5F:F4 FC-A1-3E 10:dd:b1 00:0d:4b 23:45:67 > -> $mac { say lookup $mac }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/MAC_Vendor_Lookup
MAC Vendor Lookup
Every connected device around the world comes with a unique Media Access Control address, or a   MAC address. A common task a network administrator may come across is being able to identify a network device's manufacturer when given only a MAC address. Task Interface with one (or numerous) APIs that exist on the internet and retrieve the device manufacturer based on a supplied MAC address. A MAC address that does not return a valid result should return the String "N/A".   An error related to the network connectivity or the API should return a null result. Many implementations on this page use http://api.macvendors.com/ which, as of 19th September 2021, is throttling requests. After only 2 calls, the following response is returned for all subsequent requests. If you are planning to use the same provider or going to run the examples on this page, consider building in a delay between two calls. {"errors":{"detail":"Too Many Requests","message":"Please slow down your requests or upgrade your plan at https://macvendors.com"}}
#Red
Red
print read rejoin [http://api.macvendors.com/ ask "MAC address: "]  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Magic_8-ball
Magic 8-ball
Task Create Magic 8-Ball. See details at:   Magic 8-Ball. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff  (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
#BASIC
BASIC
dim answer$(20) answer$[0] = "It is certain." answer$[1] = "It is decidedly so." answer$[2] = "Without a doubt." answer$[3] = "Yes - definitely." answer$[4] = "You may rely on it." answer$[5] = "As I see it, yes." answer$[6] = "Most likely." answer$[7] = "Outlook good." answer$[8] = "Yes." answer$[9] = "Signs point to yes." answer$[10] = "Reply hazy, try again." answer$[11] = "Ask again later." answer$[12] = "Better not tell you now." answer$[13] = "Cannot predict now." answer$[14] = "Concentrate and ask again." answer$[15] = "Don't count on it." answer$[16] = "My reply is no." answer$[17] = "My sources say no." answer$[18] = "Outlook not so good." answer$[19] = "Very doubtful."   print "Q to quit." while True input string "What would you like to know? ", question$ if upper(question$) = "Q" then exit while print answer$[int(rand * answer$[?])] print end while end
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Magic_8-ball
Magic 8-ball
Task Create Magic 8-Ball. See details at:   Magic 8-Ball. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff  (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
#C
C
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <time.h>   int main() { char *question = NULL; size_t len = 0; ssize_t read; const char* answers[20] = { "It is certain", "It is decidedly so", "Without a doubt", "Yes, definitely", "You may rely on it", "As I see it, yes", "Most likely", "Outlook good", "Signs point to yes", "Yes", "Reply hazy, try again", "Ask again later", "Better not tell you now", "Cannot predict now", "Concentrate and ask again", "Don't bet on it", "My reply is no", "My sources say no", "Outlook not so good", "Very doubtful" }; srand(time(NULL)); printf("Please enter your question or a blank line to quit.\n"); while (1) { printf("\n? : "); read = getline(&question, &len, stdin); if (read < 2) break; printf("\n%s\n", answers[rand() % 20]); } if (question) free(question); return 0; }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Machine_code
Machine code
The task requires poking machine code directly into memory and executing it. The machine code is the architecture-specific opcodes which have the simple task of adding two unsigned bytes together and making the result available to the high-level language. For example, the following assembly language program is given for x86 (32 bit) architectures: mov EAX, [ESP+4] add EAX, [ESP+8] ret This would translate into the following opcode bytes: 139 68 36 4 3 68 36 8 195 Or in hexadecimal: 8B 44 24 04 03 44 24 08 C3 Task If different than 32-bit x86, specify the target architecture of the machine code for your example. It may be helpful to also include an assembly version of the machine code for others to reference and understand what is being executed. Then, implement the following in your favorite programming language: Poke the necessary opcodes into a memory location. Provide a means to pass two values to the machine code. Execute the machine code with the following arguments: unsigned-byte argument of value 7; unsigned-byte argument of value 12; The result would be 19. Perform any clean up actions that are appropriate for your chosen language (free the pointer or memory allocations, etc.)
#Julia
Julia
using Cxx   cxx""" #include <stdio.h> #include <sys/mman.h> #include <string.h>   int test (int a, int b) { /* mov EAX, [ESP+4] add EAX, [ESP+8] ret */ char code[] = {0x8B, 0x44, 0x24, 0x4, 0x3, 0x44, 0x24, 0x8, 0xC3}; void *buf; int c; /* copy code to executable buffer */ buf = mmap (0,sizeof(code),PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANON,-1,0);   memcpy (buf, code, sizeof(code)); /* run code */ c = ((int (*) (int, int))buf)(a, b); /* free buffer */ munmap (buf, sizeof(code)); return c; }   int main () { printf("%d\n", test(7,12)); return 0; } """   julia_function = @cxx main() julia_function()  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Machine_code
Machine code
The task requires poking machine code directly into memory and executing it. The machine code is the architecture-specific opcodes which have the simple task of adding two unsigned bytes together and making the result available to the high-level language. For example, the following assembly language program is given for x86 (32 bit) architectures: mov EAX, [ESP+4] add EAX, [ESP+8] ret This would translate into the following opcode bytes: 139 68 36 4 3 68 36 8 195 Or in hexadecimal: 8B 44 24 04 03 44 24 08 C3 Task If different than 32-bit x86, specify the target architecture of the machine code for your example. It may be helpful to also include an assembly version of the machine code for others to reference and understand what is being executed. Then, implement the following in your favorite programming language: Poke the necessary opcodes into a memory location. Provide a means to pass two values to the machine code. Execute the machine code with the following arguments: unsigned-byte argument of value 7; unsigned-byte argument of value 12; The result would be 19. Perform any clean up actions that are appropriate for your chosen language (free the pointer or memory allocations, etc.)
#Kotlin
Kotlin
// mcode.def ---   static inline unsigned char runMachineCode(void *code, unsigned char a, unsigned char b) { return ((unsigned char (*) (unsigned char, unsigned char))code)(a, b); }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Mandelbrot_set
Mandelbrot set
Mandelbrot set You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Generate and draw the Mandelbrot set. Note that there are many algorithms to draw Mandelbrot set and there are many functions which generate it .
#R
R
iterate.until.escape <- function(z, c, trans, cond, max=50, response=dwell) { #we iterate all active points in the same array operation, #and keeping track of which points are still iterating. active <- seq_along(z) dwell <- z dwell[] <- 0 for (i in 1:max) { z[active] <- trans(z[active], c[active]); survived <- cond(z[active]) dwell[active[!survived]] <- i active <- active[survived] if (length(active) == 0) break } eval(substitute(response)) }   re = seq(-2, 1, len=500) im = seq(-1.5, 1.5, len=500) c <- outer(re, im, function(x,y) complex(real=x, imaginary=y)) x <- iterate.until.escape(array(0, dim(c)), c, function(z,c)z^2+c, function(z)abs(z) <= 2, max=100) image(x)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Matrix_multiplication
Matrix multiplication
Task Multiply two matrices together. They can be of any dimensions, so long as the number of columns of the first matrix is equal to the number of rows of the second matrix.
#Swift
Swift
@inlinable public func matrixMult<T: Numeric>(_ m1: [[T]], _ m2: [[T]]) -> [[T]] { let n = m1[0].count let m = m1.count let p = m2[0].count   guard m != 0 else { return [] }   precondition(n == m2.count)   var ret = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: T.zero, count: p), count: m)   for i in 0..<m { for j in 0..<p { for k in 0..<n { ret[i][j] += m1[i][k] * m2[k][j] } } }   return ret }   @inlinable public func printMatrix<T>(_ matrix: [[T]]) { guard !matrix.isEmpty else { print()   return }   let rows = matrix.count let cols = matrix[0].count   for i in 0..<rows { for j in 0..<cols { print(matrix[i][j], terminator: " ") }   print() } }   let m1 = [ [6.5, 2, 3], [4.5, 1, 5] ]   let m2 = [ [10.0, 16, 23, 50], [12, -8, 16, -4], [70, 60, -1, -2] ]   let m3 = matrixMult(m1, m2)   printMatrix(m3)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Matrix_transposition
Matrix transposition
Transpose an arbitrarily sized rectangular Matrix.
#VBScript
VBScript
  'create and display the initial matrix WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "Initial Matrix:" x = 4 : y = 6 : n = 1 Dim matrix() ReDim matrix(x,y) For i = 0 To y For j = 0 To x matrix(j,i) = n If j < x Then WScript.StdOut.Write n & vbTab Else WScript.StdOut.Write n End If n = n + 1 Next WScript.StdOut.WriteLine Next   'display the trasposed matrix WScript.StdOut.WriteBlankLines(1) WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "Transposed Matrix:" For i = 0 To x For j = 0 To y If j < y Then WScript.StdOut.Write matrix(i,j) & vbTab Else WScript.StdOut.Write matrix(i,j) End If Next WScript.StdOut.WriteLine Next  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/MAC_Vendor_Lookup
MAC Vendor Lookup
Every connected device around the world comes with a unique Media Access Control address, or a   MAC address. A common task a network administrator may come across is being able to identify a network device's manufacturer when given only a MAC address. Task Interface with one (or numerous) APIs that exist on the internet and retrieve the device manufacturer based on a supplied MAC address. A MAC address that does not return a valid result should return the String "N/A".   An error related to the network connectivity or the API should return a null result. Many implementations on this page use http://api.macvendors.com/ which, as of 19th September 2021, is throttling requests. After only 2 calls, the following response is returned for all subsequent requests. If you are planning to use the same provider or going to run the examples on this page, consider building in a delay between two calls. {"errors":{"detail":"Too Many Requests","message":"Please slow down your requests or upgrade your plan at https://macvendors.com"}}
#REXX
REXX
/*REXX pgm shows a network device's manufacturer based on the Media Access Control addr.*/ win_command = 'getmac' /*name of the Microsoft Windows command*/ win_command_options = '/v /fo list' /*options of " " " */ ?3= 'Network Adapter:' /*search keywords for Network Adapter. */ ?4= 'Physical Address:' /* " " " Physical Address.*/ upper ?3 ?4 /*uppercase in case for capitol letters*/ @.=; @.0= 0 /*just─in─case values for the keywords.*/ rc= 0 /* " " " value for the returnCode*/ address system win_command win_command_options with output stem @. /*issue command.*/ if rc\==0 then do /*display an error if not successful. */ say say '***error*** from command: ' win_command win_command_options say 'Return code was: ' rc say exit rc end MACaddr=. /*just─in─case value for the keyword. */ maker=. /* " " " " " " " */ do j=1 for @.0; $= @.j; upper $ /*parse each of the possible responses.*/ if left($, length(?3))=?3 then maker= subword(@.j, 3) /*is this the one?*/ if left($, length(?4))=?4 then MACaddr= word(@.j, 3) /* " " " " */ end /*k*/ /* [↑] Now, display good or bad stuff.*/ if maker=. | MACaddr==. then say 'MAC address manufacturer not found.' else say 'manufacturer for MAC address ' MACaddr " is " maker exit 0 /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Magic_8-ball
Magic 8-ball
Task Create Magic 8-Ball. See details at:   Magic 8-Ball. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff  (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
#C.2B.2B
C++
#include <array> #include <cstdlib> #include <ctime> #include <iostream> #include <string>   int main() { constexpr std::array<const char*, 20> answers = { "It is certain.", "It is decidedly so.", "Without a doubt.", "Yes - definitely.", "You may rely on it.", "As I see it, yes.", "Most likely.", "Outlook good.", "Yes.", "Signs point to yes.", "Reply hazy, try again.", "Ask again later.", "Better not tell you now.", "Cannot predict now.", "Concentrate and ask again.", "Don't count on it.", "My reply is no.", "My sources say no.", "Outlook not so good.", "Very doubtful." };   std::string input; std::srand(std::time(nullptr)); while (true) { std::cout << "\n? : "; std::getline(std::cin, input);   if (input.empty()) { break; }   std::cout << answers[std::rand() % answers.size()] << '\n'; } }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Machine_code
Machine code
The task requires poking machine code directly into memory and executing it. The machine code is the architecture-specific opcodes which have the simple task of adding two unsigned bytes together and making the result available to the high-level language. For example, the following assembly language program is given for x86 (32 bit) architectures: mov EAX, [ESP+4] add EAX, [ESP+8] ret This would translate into the following opcode bytes: 139 68 36 4 3 68 36 8 195 Or in hexadecimal: 8B 44 24 04 03 44 24 08 C3 Task If different than 32-bit x86, specify the target architecture of the machine code for your example. It may be helpful to also include an assembly version of the machine code for others to reference and understand what is being executed. Then, implement the following in your favorite programming language: Poke the necessary opcodes into a memory location. Provide a means to pass two values to the machine code. Execute the machine code with the following arguments: unsigned-byte argument of value 7; unsigned-byte argument of value 12; The result would be 19. Perform any clean up actions that are appropriate for your chosen language (free the pointer or memory allocations, etc.)
#M2000_Interpreter
M2000 Interpreter
  Module Checkit { Buffer DataMem as Long*10 Return DataMem, 1:=500 ' second Long Print Eval(DataMem, 1)+5100+5=5605 \\ Now we do math executing machine code Buffer Code ExecMem as byte*1024 Address=0 EmbLong(0xb8, 5100) ' mov eax,5100 EmbByteByte(0x83, 0xC0, 5) ' add eax,0x5 EmbByteLong(0x3,0x5, DataMem(1)) ' add eax, [DataMem(1)] EmbLong(0xa3, DataMem(0)) ' mov [DataMem(0)], eax \\ split rem to execute xor eax eax (eax=0) Rem : EmbByte(0x31, 0xC0) ' xor eax, eax Ret() ' Return \\ Try ok { Execute Code ExecMem, 0 } \\If Eax <>0 then we get error, so we read error as Uint() \\ Error read once then change to zero m=Uint(Error) \\ Hex is Print Hexadecimal for unsigned numbers Hex m Print m=5605 Print Error=0, ok=False   Print Eval(DataMem, 0)=5605, Eval(DataMem, 0) \\ sub used as Exit here Sub Ret() Return ExecMem, Address:=0xC3 Address++ End Sub Sub EmbByteByte() Return ExecMem, Address:=Number, Address+1:=Number, Address+2:=Number Address+=3 End Sub Sub EmbByte() Return ExecMem, Address:=Number, Address+1:=Number Address+=2 End Sub Sub EmbLong() Return ExecMem, Address:=Number, Address+1:=Number as Long Address+=5 End Sub Sub EmbByteLong() Return ExecMem, Address:=Number, Address+1:=Number, Address+2:=Number as Long Address+=6 End Sub   } CheckIt  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Machine_code
Machine code
The task requires poking machine code directly into memory and executing it. The machine code is the architecture-specific opcodes which have the simple task of adding two unsigned bytes together and making the result available to the high-level language. For example, the following assembly language program is given for x86 (32 bit) architectures: mov EAX, [ESP+4] add EAX, [ESP+8] ret This would translate into the following opcode bytes: 139 68 36 4 3 68 36 8 195 Or in hexadecimal: 8B 44 24 04 03 44 24 08 C3 Task If different than 32-bit x86, specify the target architecture of the machine code for your example. It may be helpful to also include an assembly version of the machine code for others to reference and understand what is being executed. Then, implement the following in your favorite programming language: Poke the necessary opcodes into a memory location. Provide a means to pass two values to the machine code. Execute the machine code with the following arguments: unsigned-byte argument of value 7; unsigned-byte argument of value 12; The result would be 19. Perform any clean up actions that are appropriate for your chosen language (free the pointer or memory allocations, etc.)
#Nim
Nim
import posix   let MAP_ANONYMOUS {.importc: "MAP_ANONYMOUS", header: "<sys/mman.h>".}: cint   proc test(a, b: cint): cint = # mov EAX, [ESP+4] # add EAX, [ESP+8] # ret var code = [0x8B'u8, 0x44, 0x24, 0x4, 0x3, 0x44, 0x24, 0x8, 0xC3]   # create an executable buffer var buf = mmap(nil, sizeof(code), PROT_READ or PROT_WRITE or PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE or MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0)   # copy code to the buffer copyMem(buf, addr code[0], sizeof(code)) # run code result = cast[proc(a, b: cint): cint {.nimcall.}](buf)(a, b) # free buffer discard munmap(buf, sizeof(code))   echo test(7, 12)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Mandelbrot_set
Mandelbrot set
Mandelbrot set You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Generate and draw the Mandelbrot set. Note that there are many algorithms to draw Mandelbrot set and there are many functions which generate it .
#Racket
Racket
  #lang racket   (require racket/draw)   (define (iterations a z i) (define z′ (+ (* z z) a)) (if (or (= i 255) (> (magnitude z′) 2)) i (iterations a z′ (add1 i))))   (define (iter->color i) (if (= i 255) (make-object color% "black") (make-object color% (* 5 (modulo i 15)) (* 32 (modulo i 7)) (* 8 (modulo i 31)))))   (define (mandelbrot width height) (define target (make-bitmap width height)) (define dc (new bitmap-dc% [bitmap target])) (for* ([x width] [y height]) (define real-x (- (* 3.0 (/ x width)) 2.25)) (define real-y (- (* 2.5 (/ y height)) 1.25)) (send dc set-pen (iter->color (iterations (make-rectangular real-x real-y) 0 0)) 1 'solid) (send dc draw-point x y)) (send target save-file "mandelbrot.png" 'png))   (mandelbrot 300 200)  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Matrix_multiplication
Matrix multiplication
Task Multiply two matrices together. They can be of any dimensions, so long as the number of columns of the first matrix is equal to the number of rows of the second matrix.
#Tailspin
Tailspin
  operator (A matmul B) $A -> \[i]( $B(1) -> \[j](@: 0; 1..$B::length -> @: $@ + $A($i;$) * $B($;$j); $@ !\) ! \) ! end matmul   templates printMatrix&{w:} templates formatN @: []; $ -> # '$@ -> $::length~..$w -> ' ';$@(last..1:-1)...;' ! when <1..> do ..|@: $ mod 10; $ ~/ 10 -> # when <=0?($@ <[](0)>)> do ..|@: 0; end formatN $... -> '|$(1) -> formatN;$(2..last)... -> ', $ -> formatN;';| ' ! end printMatrix   def a: [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]; 'a: ' -> !OUT::write $a -> printMatrix&{w:2} -> !OUT::write   def b: [[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5]]; ' b: ' -> !OUT::write $b -> printMatrix&{w:2} -> !OUT::write ' axb: ' -> !OUT::write ($a matmul $b) -> printMatrix&{w:2} -> !OUT::write  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Matrix_transposition
Matrix transposition
Transpose an arbitrarily sized rectangular Matrix.
#Visual_Basic
Visual Basic
Option Explicit '---------------------------------------------------------------------- Function TransposeMatrix(InitMatrix() As Long, TransposedMatrix() As Long) Dim l1 As Long, l2 As Long, u1 As Long, u2 As Long, r As Long, c As Long l1 = LBound(InitMatrix, 1) l2 = LBound(InitMatrix, 2) u1 = UBound(InitMatrix, 1) u2 = UBound(InitMatrix, 2) ReDim TransposedMatrix(l2 To u2, l1 To u1) For r = l1 To u1 For c = l2 To u2 TransposedMatrix(c, r) = InitMatrix(r, c) Next c Next r End Function '---------------------------------------------------------------------- Sub PrintMatrix(a() As Long) Dim l1 As Long, l2 As Long, u1 As Long, u2 As Long, r As Long, c As Long Dim s As String * 8 l1 = LBound(a(), 1) l2 = LBound(a(), 2) u1 = UBound(a(), 1) u2 = UBound(a(), 2) For r = l1 To u1 For c = l2 To u2 RSet s = Str$(a(r, c)) Debug.Print s; Next c Debug.Print Next r End Sub '---------------------------------------------------------------------- Sub TranspositionDemo(ByVal DimSize1 As Long, ByVal DimSize2 As Long) Dim r, c, cc As Long Dim a() As Long Dim b() As Long cc = DimSize2 DimSize1 = DimSize1 - 1 DimSize2 = DimSize2 - 1 ReDim a(0 To DimSize1, 0 To DimSize2) For r = 0 To DimSize1 For c = 0 To DimSize2 a(r, c) = (cc * r) + c + 1 Next c Next r Debug.Print "initial matrix:" PrintMatrix a() TransposeMatrix a(), b() Debug.Print "transposed matrix:" PrintMatrix b() End Sub '---------------------------------------------------------------------- Sub Main() TranspositionDemo 3, 3 TranspositionDemo 3, 7 End Sub
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/MAC_Vendor_Lookup
MAC Vendor Lookup
Every connected device around the world comes with a unique Media Access Control address, or a   MAC address. A common task a network administrator may come across is being able to identify a network device's manufacturer when given only a MAC address. Task Interface with one (or numerous) APIs that exist on the internet and retrieve the device manufacturer based on a supplied MAC address. A MAC address that does not return a valid result should return the String "N/A".   An error related to the network connectivity or the API should return a null result. Many implementations on this page use http://api.macvendors.com/ which, as of 19th September 2021, is throttling requests. After only 2 calls, the following response is returned for all subsequent requests. If you are planning to use the same provider or going to run the examples on this page, consider building in a delay between two calls. {"errors":{"detail":"Too Many Requests","message":"Please slow down your requests or upgrade your plan at https://macvendors.com"}}
#Ring
Ring
  # Project: MAC Vendor Lookup   load "stdlib.ring" macs = ["FC-A1-3E","FC:FB:FB:01:FA:21","88:53:2E:67:07:BE","D4:F4:6F:C9:EF:8D"] for mac = 1 to len(macs) lookupvendor(macs[mac]) next   func lookupvendor(mac) url = download("api.macvendors.com/" + mac) see url + nl  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/MAC_Vendor_Lookup
MAC Vendor Lookup
Every connected device around the world comes with a unique Media Access Control address, or a   MAC address. A common task a network administrator may come across is being able to identify a network device's manufacturer when given only a MAC address. Task Interface with one (or numerous) APIs that exist on the internet and retrieve the device manufacturer based on a supplied MAC address. A MAC address that does not return a valid result should return the String "N/A".   An error related to the network connectivity or the API should return a null result. Many implementations on this page use http://api.macvendors.com/ which, as of 19th September 2021, is throttling requests. After only 2 calls, the following response is returned for all subsequent requests. If you are planning to use the same provider or going to run the examples on this page, consider building in a delay between two calls. {"errors":{"detail":"Too Many Requests","message":"Please slow down your requests or upgrade your plan at https://macvendors.com"}}
#Ruby
Ruby
require 'net/http'   arr = ['88:53:2E:67:07:BE', 'FC:FB:FB:01:FA:21', 'D4:F4:6F:C9:EF:8D', '23:45:67']   arr.each do |addr| vendor = Net::HTTP.get('api.macvendors.com', "/#{addr}/") rescue nil puts "#{addr} #{vendor}" end
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/MAC_Vendor_Lookup
MAC Vendor Lookup
Every connected device around the world comes with a unique Media Access Control address, or a   MAC address. A common task a network administrator may come across is being able to identify a network device's manufacturer when given only a MAC address. Task Interface with one (or numerous) APIs that exist on the internet and retrieve the device manufacturer based on a supplied MAC address. A MAC address that does not return a valid result should return the String "N/A".   An error related to the network connectivity or the API should return a null result. Many implementations on this page use http://api.macvendors.com/ which, as of 19th September 2021, is throttling requests. After only 2 calls, the following response is returned for all subsequent requests. If you are planning to use the same provider or going to run the examples on this page, consider building in a delay between two calls. {"errors":{"detail":"Too Many Requests","message":"Please slow down your requests or upgrade your plan at https://macvendors.com"}}
#Rust
Rust
extern crate reqwest;   use std::{thread, time};   fn get_vendor(mac: &str) -> Option<String> { let mut url = String::from("http://api.macvendors.com/"); url.push_str(mac); let url_ref = &url; match reqwest::get(url_ref) { Ok(mut res) => match res.text() { Ok(text) => { if text.contains("Not Found") { Some("N/A".to_string()) } else { Some(text) } } Err(e) => { println!("{:?}", e); None } }, Err(e) => { println!("{:?}", e); None } } }   fn main() { let duration = time::Duration::from_millis(1000); match get_vendor("88:53:2E:67:07:BE") { None => println!("Error!"), Some(text) => println!("{}", text), } thread::sleep(duration); match get_vendor("FC:FB:FB:01:FA:21") { None => println!("Error!"), Some(text) => println!("{}", text), } thread::sleep(duration); match get_vendor("FC-A1-3E") { None => println!("Error!"), Some(text) => println!("{}", text), } thread::sleep(duration); match get_vendor("abcdefg") { None => println!("Error!"), Some(text) => println!("{}", text), } }  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Magic_8-ball
Magic 8-ball
Task Create Magic 8-Ball. See details at:   Magic 8-Ball. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff  (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
#C.23
C#
  using System;   namespace newProg {   class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { string[] answers = { "It is certain.", "It is decidedly so.", "Without a doubt.", "Yes – definitely.", "You may rely on it.", "As I see it, yes.", "Most likely.", "Outlook good.", "Yes.", "Signs point to yes.", "Reply hazy, try again.", "Ask again later", "Better not tell you now.", "Cannot predict now.", "Concentrate and ask again.", "Don't count on it.", "My reply is no.", "My sources say no.", "Outlook not so good.", "Very doubtful." };   while (true) { Random rnd = new Random(); int result = rnd.Next(0, 19);   Console.WriteLine("Magic 8 Ball! Ask question and hit a key for the answer!");   string inp = Console.ReadLine();   Console.WriteLine(answers[result]);   } } } }      
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Machine_code
Machine code
The task requires poking machine code directly into memory and executing it. The machine code is the architecture-specific opcodes which have the simple task of adding two unsigned bytes together and making the result available to the high-level language. For example, the following assembly language program is given for x86 (32 bit) architectures: mov EAX, [ESP+4] add EAX, [ESP+8] ret This would translate into the following opcode bytes: 139 68 36 4 3 68 36 8 195 Or in hexadecimal: 8B 44 24 04 03 44 24 08 C3 Task If different than 32-bit x86, specify the target architecture of the machine code for your example. It may be helpful to also include an assembly version of the machine code for others to reference and understand what is being executed. Then, implement the following in your favorite programming language: Poke the necessary opcodes into a memory location. Provide a means to pass two values to the machine code. Execute the machine code with the following arguments: unsigned-byte argument of value 7; unsigned-byte argument of value 12; The result would be 19. Perform any clean up actions that are appropriate for your chosen language (free the pointer or memory allocations, etc.)
#PARI.2FGP
PARI/GP
#include <stdio.h> #include <sys/mman.h> #include <string.h> #include <pari/pari.h>   int test(int a, int b) { char code[] = {0x8B, 0x44, 0x24, 0x4, 0x3, 0x44, 0x24, 0x8, 0xC3}; void *buf; int c; /* copy code to executable buffer */ buf = mmap (0,sizeof(code),PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANON,-1,0);   memcpy (buf, code, sizeof(code)); /* run code */ c = ((int (*) (int, int))buf)(a, b); /* free buffer */ munmap (buf, sizeof(code)); return c; }   void init_auto(void) { pari_printf("%d\n", test(7,12)); return 0; }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Mandelbrot_set
Mandelbrot set
Mandelbrot set You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Generate and draw the Mandelbrot set. Note that there are many algorithms to draw Mandelbrot set and there are many functions which generate it .
#Raku
Raku
constant @color_map = map ~*.comb(/../).map({:16($_)}), < 000000 0000fc 4000fc 7c00fc bc00fc fc00fc fc00bc fc007c fc0040 fc0000 fc4000 fc7c00 fcbc00 fcfc00 bcfc00 7cfc00 40fc00 00fc00 00fc40 00fc7c 00fcbc 00fcfc 00bcfc 007cfc 0040fc 7c7cfc 9c7cfc bc7cfc dc7cfc fc7cfc fc7cdc fc7cbc fc7c9c fc7c7c fc9c7c fcbc7c fcdc7c fcfc7c dcfc7c bcfc7c 9cfc7c 7cfc7c 7cfc9c 7cfcbc 7cfcdc 7cfcfc 7cdcfc 7cbcfc 7c9cfc b4b4fc c4b4fc d8b4fc e8b4fc fcb4fc fcb4e8 fcb4d8 fcb4c4 fcb4b4 fcc4b4 fcd8b4 fce8b4 fcfcb4 e8fcb4 d8fcb4 c4fcb4 b4fcb4 b4fcc4 b4fcd8 b4fce8 b4fcfc b4e8fc b4d8fc b4c4fc 000070 1c0070 380070 540070 700070 700054 700038 70001c 700000 701c00 703800 705400 707000 547000 387000 1c7000 007000 00701c 007038 007054 007070 005470 003870 001c70 383870 443870 543870 603870 703870 703860 703854 703844 703838 704438 705438 706038 707038 607038 547038 447038 387038 387044 387054 387060 387070 386070 385470 384470 505070 585070 605070 685070 705070 705068 705060 705058 705050 705850 706050 706850 707050 687050 607050 587050 507050 507058 507060 507068 507070 506870 506070 505870 000040 100040 200040 300040 400040 400030 400020 400010 400000 401000 402000 403000 404000 304000 204000 104000 004000 004010 004020 004030 004040 003040 002040 001040 202040 282040 302040 382040 402040 402038 402030 402028 402020 402820 403020 403820 404020 384020 304020 284020 204020 204028 204030 204038 204040 203840 203040 202840 2c2c40 302c40 342c40 3c2c40 402c40 402c3c 402c34 402c30 402c2c 40302c 40342c 403c2c 40402c 3c402c 34402c 30402c 2c402c 2c4030 2c4034 2c403c 2c4040 2c3c40 2c3440 2c3040 >;   constant MAX_ITERATIONS = 50; my $width = my $height = +(@*ARGS[0] // 31);   sub cut(Range $r, UInt $n where $n > 1) { $r.min, * + ($r.max - $r.min) / ($n - 1) ... $r.max }   my @re = cut(-2 .. 1/2, $height); my @im = cut( 0 .. 5/4, $width div 2 + 1) X* 1i;   sub mandelbrot(Complex $z is copy, Complex $c) { for 1 .. MAX_ITERATIONS { $z = $z*$z + $c; return $_ if $z.abs > 2; } return 0; }   say "P3"; say "$width $height"; say "255";   for @re -> $re { put @color_map[|.reverse, |.[1..*]][^$width] given my @ = map &mandelbrot.assuming(0i, *), $re «+« @im; }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Matrix_multiplication
Matrix multiplication
Task Multiply two matrices together. They can be of any dimensions, so long as the number of columns of the first matrix is equal to the number of rows of the second matrix.
#Tcl
Tcl
package require Tcl 8.5 namespace path ::tcl::mathop proc matrix_multiply {a b} { lassign [size $a] a_rows a_cols lassign [size $b] b_rows b_cols if {$a_cols != $b_rows} { error "incompatible sizes: a($a_rows, $a_cols), b($b_rows, $b_cols)" } set temp [lrepeat $a_rows [lrepeat $b_cols 0]] for {set i 0} {$i < $a_rows} {incr i} { for {set j 0} {$j < $b_cols} {incr j} { set sum 0 for {set k 0} {$k < $a_cols} {incr k} { set sum [+ $sum [* [lindex $a $i $k] [lindex $b $k $j]]] } lset temp $i $j $sum } } return $temp }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Matrix_transposition
Matrix transposition
Transpose an arbitrarily sized rectangular Matrix.
#Wortel
Wortel
@zipm [[1 2 3] [4 5 6] [7 8 9]]
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Matrix_transposition
Matrix transposition
Transpose an arbitrarily sized rectangular Matrix.
#Wren
Wren
import "/matrix" for Matrix import "/fmt" for Fmt   var m = Matrix.new([ [ 1, 2, 3], [ 4, 5, 6], [ 7, 8, 9], [10, 11, 12] ])   System.print("Original:\n") Fmt.mprint(m, 2, 0) System.print("\nTransposed:\n") Fmt.mprint(m.transpose, 2, 0)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/MAC_Vendor_Lookup
MAC Vendor Lookup
Every connected device around the world comes with a unique Media Access Control address, or a   MAC address. A common task a network administrator may come across is being able to identify a network device's manufacturer when given only a MAC address. Task Interface with one (or numerous) APIs that exist on the internet and retrieve the device manufacturer based on a supplied MAC address. A MAC address that does not return a valid result should return the String "N/A".   An error related to the network connectivity or the API should return a null result. Many implementations on this page use http://api.macvendors.com/ which, as of 19th September 2021, is throttling requests. After only 2 calls, the following response is returned for all subsequent requests. If you are planning to use the same provider or going to run the examples on this page, consider building in a delay between two calls. {"errors":{"detail":"Too Many Requests","message":"Please slow down your requests or upgrade your plan at https://macvendors.com"}}
#Scala
Scala
object LookUp extends App { val macs = Seq("FC-A1-3E", "FC:FB:FB:01:FA:21", "88:53:2E:67:07:BE", "D4:F4:6F:C9:EF:8D")   def lookupVendor(mac: String) = scala.io.Source.fromURL("""http://api.macvendors.com/""" + mac, "UTF-8").mkString   macs.foreach(mac => println(lookupVendor(mac))) }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/MAC_Vendor_Lookup
MAC Vendor Lookup
Every connected device around the world comes with a unique Media Access Control address, or a   MAC address. A common task a network administrator may come across is being able to identify a network device's manufacturer when given only a MAC address. Task Interface with one (or numerous) APIs that exist on the internet and retrieve the device manufacturer based on a supplied MAC address. A MAC address that does not return a valid result should return the String "N/A".   An error related to the network connectivity or the API should return a null result. Many implementations on this page use http://api.macvendors.com/ which, as of 19th September 2021, is throttling requests. After only 2 calls, the following response is returned for all subsequent requests. If you are planning to use the same provider or going to run the examples on this page, consider building in a delay between two calls. {"errors":{"detail":"Too Many Requests","message":"Please slow down your requests or upgrade your plan at https://macvendors.com"}}
#Tcl
Tcl
package require http   # finally is a bit like go's defer proc finally args { tailcall trace add variable :#finally#: unset [list apply [list args $args]] }   # basic wrapper for http::geturl proc geturl {url} { set tok [::http::geturl $url] finally ::http::cleanup $tok  ::http::data $tok } proc maclookup {mac} { geturl http://api.macvendors.com/$mac }   foreach mac {00-14-22-01-23-45 88:53:2E:67:07:BE} { puts "$mac\t[maclookup $mac]" }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Magic_8-ball
Magic 8-ball
Task Create Magic 8-Ball. See details at:   Magic 8-Ball. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff  (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
#CFEngine
CFEngine
  #!/var/cfengine/bin/cf-agent --no-lock bundle agent __main__ { methods: "rosettacode_org:magic_8_ball"; } body file control { namespace => "rosettacode_org"; } bundle agent magic_8_ball { vars: "_responses" slist => { "It is certain", "It is decidedly so", "Without a doubt", "Yes definitely", "You may rely on it", "As I see it yes", "Most likely", "Outlook good", "Signs point to yes", "Yes", "Reply hazy try again", "Ask again later", "Better not tell you now", "Cannot predict now", "Concentrate and ask again", "Don't bet on it", "My reply is no", "My sources say no", "Outlook not so good", "Very doubtful", }; "_selected_response" int => randomint( 0, length( _responses) ), unless => isvariable( "$(this.namespace):$(this.promiser)" );   "_consideration_time" int => randomint( 3, 5), unless => isvariable( "$(this.namespace):$(this.promiser)" );   commands: "/bin/sleep $(_consideration_time)" inform => "false", handle => "consider", depends_on => { "think" }, comment => "This magic 8 ball takes a few seconds to consider the answer after you bring your question to mind.";   reports: "Think about your question ..." handle => "think";   "Response: $(with)" with => nth( _responses, $(_selected_response) ), depends_on => { "consider" }; }  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Magic_8-ball
Magic 8-ball
Task Create Magic 8-Ball. See details at:   Magic 8-Ball. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff  (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
#Clojure
Clojure
  (def responses ["It is certain" "It is decidedly so" "Without a doubt" "Yes, definitely" "You may rely on it" "As I see it, yes" "Most likely" "Outlook good" "Signs point to yes" "Yes" "Reply hazy, try again" "Ask again later" "Better not tell you now" "Cannot predict now" "Concentrate and ask again" "Don't bet on it" "My reply is no" "My sources say no" "Outlook not so good" "Very doubtful"])   (do (println "Ask a question. ") (read-line) (println (rand-nth responses)))  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Machine_code
Machine code
The task requires poking machine code directly into memory and executing it. The machine code is the architecture-specific opcodes which have the simple task of adding two unsigned bytes together and making the result available to the high-level language. For example, the following assembly language program is given for x86 (32 bit) architectures: mov EAX, [ESP+4] add EAX, [ESP+8] ret This would translate into the following opcode bytes: 139 68 36 4 3 68 36 8 195 Or in hexadecimal: 8B 44 24 04 03 44 24 08 C3 Task If different than 32-bit x86, specify the target architecture of the machine code for your example. It may be helpful to also include an assembly version of the machine code for others to reference and understand what is being executed. Then, implement the following in your favorite programming language: Poke the necessary opcodes into a memory location. Provide a means to pass two values to the machine code. Execute the machine code with the following arguments: unsigned-byte argument of value 7; unsigned-byte argument of value 12; The result would be 19. Perform any clean up actions that are appropriate for your chosen language (free the pointer or memory allocations, etc.)
#Pascal
Pascal
Program Example66; {Inspired... program to demonstrate the MMap function. Freepascal docs } Uses BaseUnix,Unix;   const code : array[0..9] of byte = ($8B, $44, $24, $4, $3, $44, $24, $8, $C3, $00); a :longInt= 12; b :longInt= 7; type tDummyFunc = function(a,b:LongInt):LongInt;cdecl; Var Len,k : cint; P : Pointer;   begin len := sizeof(code); P:= fpmmap(nil, len+1 , PROT_READ OR PROT_WRITE OR PROT_EXEC, MAP_ANONYMOUS OR MAP_PRIVATE, -1, // for MAP_ANONYMOUS 0); If P = Pointer(-1) then Halt(4);   for k := 0 to len-1 do pChar(p)[k] := char(code[k]);   k := tDummyFunc(P)(a,b);   Writeln(a,'+',b,' = ',k); if fpMUnMap(P,Len)<>0 Then Halt(fpgeterrno); end.
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Mandelbrot_set
Mandelbrot set
Mandelbrot set You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Generate and draw the Mandelbrot set. Note that there are many algorithms to draw Mandelbrot set and there are many functions which generate it .
#REXX
REXX
/*REXX program generates and displays a Mandelbrot set as an ASCII art character image.*/ @ = '>=<;:9876543210/.-,+*)(''&%$#"!' /*the characters used in the display. */ Xsize = 59; minRE = -2; maxRE = +1; stepX = (maxRE-minRE) / Xsize Ysize = 21; minIM = -1; maxIM = +1; stepY = (maxIM-minIM) / Ysize   do y=0 for ysize; im=minIM + stepY*y $= do x=0 for Xsize; re=minRE + stepX*x; zr=re; zi=im   do n=0 for 30; a=zr**2; b=zi**2; if a+b>4 then leave zi=zr*zi*2 + im; zr=a-b+re end /*n*/   $=$ || substr(@, n+1, 1) /*append number (as a char) to $ string*/ end /*x*/ say $ /*display a line of character output.*/ end /*y*/ /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Matrix_multiplication
Matrix multiplication
Task Multiply two matrices together. They can be of any dimensions, so long as the number of columns of the first matrix is equal to the number of rows of the second matrix.
#TI-83_BASIC
TI-83 BASIC
Disp [A]*[B]
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Matrix_transposition
Matrix transposition
Transpose an arbitrarily sized rectangular Matrix.
#XPL0
XPL0
proc Transpose(M, R, C, N); \Transpose matrix M to N int M, R, C, N; \rows and columns int I, J; [for I:= 0 to R-1 do for J:= 0 to C-1 do N(J,I):= M(I,J); ];   proc ShowMat(M, R, C); \Display matrix M int M, R, C; \rows and columns int I, J; [for I:= 0 to R-1 do [for J:= 0 to C-1 do RlOut(0, float(M(I,J))); CrLf(0); ]; ];   int M, N(4,3); [M:= [[1, 2, 3, 4], \3 rows by 4 columns [5, 6, 7, 8], [9,10,11,12]]; Format(4, 0); ShowMat(M, 3, 4); CrLf(0); Transpose(M, 3, 4, N); ShowMat(N, 4, 3); ]
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/MAC_Vendor_Lookup
MAC Vendor Lookup
Every connected device around the world comes with a unique Media Access Control address, or a   MAC address. A common task a network administrator may come across is being able to identify a network device's manufacturer when given only a MAC address. Task Interface with one (or numerous) APIs that exist on the internet and retrieve the device manufacturer based on a supplied MAC address. A MAC address that does not return a valid result should return the String "N/A".   An error related to the network connectivity or the API should return a null result. Many implementations on this page use http://api.macvendors.com/ which, as of 19th September 2021, is throttling requests. After only 2 calls, the following response is returned for all subsequent requests. If you are planning to use the same provider or going to run the examples on this page, consider building in a delay between two calls. {"errors":{"detail":"Too Many Requests","message":"Please slow down your requests or upgrade your plan at https://macvendors.com"}}
#UNIX_Shell
UNIX Shell
  macList=("88:53:2E:67:07:BE" "D4:F4:6F:C9:EF:8D" "FC:FB:FB:01:FA:21" "4c:72:b9:56:fe:bc" "00-14-22-01-23-45");for burger in ${macList[@]};do curl http://api.macvendors.com/$burger && sleep 5 && echo;done  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/MAC_Vendor_Lookup
MAC Vendor Lookup
Every connected device around the world comes with a unique Media Access Control address, or a   MAC address. A common task a network administrator may come across is being able to identify a network device's manufacturer when given only a MAC address. Task Interface with one (or numerous) APIs that exist on the internet and retrieve the device manufacturer based on a supplied MAC address. A MAC address that does not return a valid result should return the String "N/A".   An error related to the network connectivity or the API should return a null result. Many implementations on this page use http://api.macvendors.com/ which, as of 19th September 2021, is throttling requests. After only 2 calls, the following response is returned for all subsequent requests. If you are planning to use the same provider or going to run the examples on this page, consider building in a delay between two calls. {"errors":{"detail":"Too Many Requests","message":"Please slow down your requests or upgrade your plan at https://macvendors.com"}}
#VBScript
VBScript
  a=array("00-20-6b-ba-d0-cb","00-40-ae-04-87-86") set WebRequest = CreateObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest.5.1")   for each MAC in a if b<>0 then wscript.echo "Spacing next request...": wscript.sleep 2000 WebRequest.Open "GET", "http://api.macvendors.com/"& mac,1 WebRequest.Send() WebRequest.WaitForResponse b=b+1 wscript.echo mac & " -> " & WebRequest.ResponseText next  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Magic_8-ball
Magic 8-ball
Task Create Magic 8-Ball. See details at:   Magic 8-Ball. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff  (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
#CMake
CMake
CMAKE_MINIMUM_REQUIRED(VERSION 3.6)   PROJECT(EightBall)   SET(CMAKE_DISABLE_SOURCE_CHANGES ON) SET(CMAKE_DISABLE_IN_SOURCE_BUILD ON)   LIST(APPEND RESPONSES "It is certain." "It is decidedly so." "Without a doubt.") LIST(APPEND RESPONSES "Yes - definitely." "You may rely on it.") LIST(APPEND RESPONSES "As I see it yes." "Most likely." "Outlook good.") LIST(APPEND RESPONSES "Yes." "Signs point to yes." "Reply hazy try again.") LIST(APPEND RESPONSES "Ask again later." "Better not tell you now.") LIST(APPEND RESPONSES "Cannot predict now." "Concentrate and ask again.") LIST(APPEND RESPONSES "Don't count on it." "My reply is no.") LIST(APPEND RESPONSES "My sources say no." "Outlook not so good." "Very doubtful.")   FUNCTION(RANDOM_RESPONSE) STRING(RANDOM LENGTH 1 ALPHABET 01 TENS) STRING(RANDOM LENGTH 1 ALPHABET 0123456789 UNITS) MATH(EXPR INDEX "${TENS}${UNITS}") LIST(GET RESPONSES ${INDEX} RESPONSE) MESSAGE(STATUS "Question: ${QUESTION}") MESSAGE(STATUS "Response: ${RESPONSE}") ENDFUNCTION(RANDOM_RESPONSE)   OPTION(QUESTION "User's input question" "")   MESSAGE("===================== 8 Ball =====================") IF(NOT QUESTION) MESSAGE(STATUS "Welcome to 8 ball! Please provide a question ") MESSAGE(STATUS "using the flag -DQUESTION=\"my question\"") ELSE() RANDOM_RESPONSE() ENDIF() MESSAGE("==================================================")     ADD_CUSTOM_TARGET(${PROJECT_NAME} ALL)  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Machine_code
Machine code
The task requires poking machine code directly into memory and executing it. The machine code is the architecture-specific opcodes which have the simple task of adding two unsigned bytes together and making the result available to the high-level language. For example, the following assembly language program is given for x86 (32 bit) architectures: mov EAX, [ESP+4] add EAX, [ESP+8] ret This would translate into the following opcode bytes: 139 68 36 4 3 68 36 8 195 Or in hexadecimal: 8B 44 24 04 03 44 24 08 C3 Task If different than 32-bit x86, specify the target architecture of the machine code for your example. It may be helpful to also include an assembly version of the machine code for others to reference and understand what is being executed. Then, implement the following in your favorite programming language: Poke the necessary opcodes into a memory location. Provide a means to pass two values to the machine code. Execute the machine code with the following arguments: unsigned-byte argument of value 7; unsigned-byte argument of value 12; The result would be 19. Perform any clean up actions that are appropriate for your chosen language (free the pointer or memory allocations, etc.)
#Phix
Phix
atom mem = allocate(9) poke(mem,{#8B,#44,#24,#04,#03,#44,#24,#08,#C3}) constant mfunc = define_c_func({},mem,{C_INT,C_INT},C_INT) ?c_func(mfunc,{12,7}) free(mem)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Machine_code
Machine code
The task requires poking machine code directly into memory and executing it. The machine code is the architecture-specific opcodes which have the simple task of adding two unsigned bytes together and making the result available to the high-level language. For example, the following assembly language program is given for x86 (32 bit) architectures: mov EAX, [ESP+4] add EAX, [ESP+8] ret This would translate into the following opcode bytes: 139 68 36 4 3 68 36 8 195 Or in hexadecimal: 8B 44 24 04 03 44 24 08 C3 Task If different than 32-bit x86, specify the target architecture of the machine code for your example. It may be helpful to also include an assembly version of the machine code for others to reference and understand what is being executed. Then, implement the following in your favorite programming language: Poke the necessary opcodes into a memory location. Provide a means to pass two values to the machine code. Execute the machine code with the following arguments: unsigned-byte argument of value 7; unsigned-byte argument of value 12; The result would be 19. Perform any clean up actions that are appropriate for your chosen language (free the pointer or memory allocations, etc.)
#PicoLisp
PicoLisp
(setq P (struct (native "@" "malloc" 'N 39) 'N # Align 144 # nop 144 # nop   # Prepare stack 106 12 # pushq $12 184 7 0 0 0 # mov $7, %eax 72 193 224 32 # shl $32, %rax 80 # pushq %rax   # Rosetta task code 139 68 36 4 3 68 36 8   # Get result 76 137 227 # mov %r12, %rbx 137 195 # mov %eax, %ebx 72 193 227 4 # shl $4, %rbx 128 203 2 # orb $2, %bl   # Clean up stack 72 131 196 16 # add $16, %rsp   # Return 195 ) # ret foo (>> 4 P) )   # Execute (println (foo))   # Free memory (native "@" "free" NIL P)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Mandelbrot_set
Mandelbrot set
Mandelbrot set You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Generate and draw the Mandelbrot set. Note that there are many algorithms to draw Mandelbrot set and there are many functions which generate it .
#Ring
Ring
  load "guilib.ring"   new qapp { win1 = new qwidget() { setwindowtitle("Mandelbrot set") setgeometry(100,100,500,500) label1 = new qlabel(win1) { setgeometry(10,10,400,400) settext("") } new qpushbutton(win1) { setgeometry(200,400,100,30) settext("draw") setclickevent("draw()") } show() } exec() }   func draw p1 = new qpicture() color = new qcolor() { setrgb(0,0,255,255) } pen = new qpen() { setcolor(color) setwidth(1) } new qpainter() { begin(p1) setpen(pen)   x1=300 y1=250 i1=-1 i2=1 r1=-2 r2=1 s1=(r2-r1)/x1 s2=(i2-i1)/y1 for y=0 to y1 i3=i1+s2*y for x=0 to x1 r3=r1+s1*x z1=r3 z2=i3 for n=0 to 30 a=z1*z1 b=z2*z2 if a+b>4 exit ok z2=2*z1*z2+i3 z1=a-b+r3 next if n != 31 drawpoint(x,y) ok next next   endpaint() } label1 { setpicture(p1) show() }  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Matrix_multiplication
Matrix multiplication
Task Multiply two matrices together. They can be of any dimensions, so long as the number of columns of the first matrix is equal to the number of rows of the second matrix.
#TI-89_BASIC
TI-89 BASIC
[1,2; 3,4; 5,6; 7,8] → m1 [1,2,3; 4,5,6] → m2 m1 * m2
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Matrix_transposition
Matrix transposition
Transpose an arbitrarily sized rectangular Matrix.
#Yabasic
Yabasic
dim matriz(4,5) dim mtranspuesta(5,4)   for fila = 1 to arraysize(matriz(), 1) for columna = 1 to arraysize(matriz(), 2) read matriz(fila, columna) print matriz(fila, columna); mtranspuesta(columna, fila) = matriz(fila, columna) next columna print next fila print   for fila = 1 to arraysize(mtranspuesta(), 1) for columna = 1 to arraysize(mtranspuesta(), 2) print mtranspuesta(fila, columna); next columna print next fila end   data 78,19,30,12,36 data 49,10,65,42,50 data 30,93,24,78,10 data 39,68,27,64,29
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Matrix_transposition
Matrix transposition
Transpose an arbitrarily sized rectangular Matrix.
#zkl
zkl
var [const] GSL=Import("zklGSL"); // libGSL (GNU Scientific Library) GSL.Matrix(2,3).set(1,2,3, 4,5,6).transpose().format(5).println(); // in place println("---"); GSL.Matrix(2,2).set(1,2, 3,4).transpose().format(5).println(); // in place println("---"); GSL.Matrix(3,1).set(1,2,3).transpose().format(5).println(); // in place
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/MAC_Vendor_Lookup
MAC Vendor Lookup
Every connected device around the world comes with a unique Media Access Control address, or a   MAC address. A common task a network administrator may come across is being able to identify a network device's manufacturer when given only a MAC address. Task Interface with one (or numerous) APIs that exist on the internet and retrieve the device manufacturer based on a supplied MAC address. A MAC address that does not return a valid result should return the String "N/A".   An error related to the network connectivity or the API should return a null result. Many implementations on this page use http://api.macvendors.com/ which, as of 19th September 2021, is throttling requests. After only 2 calls, the following response is returned for all subsequent requests. If you are planning to use the same provider or going to run the examples on this page, consider building in a delay between two calls. {"errors":{"detail":"Too Many Requests","message":"Please slow down your requests or upgrade your plan at https://macvendors.com"}}
#Wren
Wren
/* mac_vendor_lookup.wren */ class MAC { foreign static lookup(address) }   System.print(MAC.lookup("FC:FB:FB:01:FA:21")) for (i in 1..1e8) {} // slow down request System.print(MAC.lookup("23:45:67"))
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/MAC_Vendor_Lookup
MAC Vendor Lookup
Every connected device around the world comes with a unique Media Access Control address, or a   MAC address. A common task a network administrator may come across is being able to identify a network device's manufacturer when given only a MAC address. Task Interface with one (or numerous) APIs that exist on the internet and retrieve the device manufacturer based on a supplied MAC address. A MAC address that does not return a valid result should return the String "N/A".   An error related to the network connectivity or the API should return a null result. Many implementations on this page use http://api.macvendors.com/ which, as of 19th September 2021, is throttling requests. After only 2 calls, the following response is returned for all subsequent requests. If you are planning to use the same provider or going to run the examples on this page, consider building in a delay between two calls. {"errors":{"detail":"Too Many Requests","message":"Please slow down your requests or upgrade your plan at https://macvendors.com"}}
#zkl
zkl
var [const] CURL=Import("zklCurl"); // libcurl const MAC_VENDORS="http://api.macvendors.com/";   fcn lookUp(macAddress){ httpAddr:=MAC_VENDORS + macAddress; vender:=CURL().get(httpAddr); //-->(Data,bytes of header,bytes of trailer) vender=vender[0].del(0,vender[1]); // remove HTTP header vender.text; // Data --> String (Data is a byte bucket) }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Magic_8-ball
Magic 8-ball
Task Create Magic 8-Ball. See details at:   Magic 8-Ball. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff  (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
#Commodore_BASIC
Commodore BASIC
  10 dim f$(19):for i=0 to 19:read f$(i):next 20 print chr$(147);chr$(14) 30 print "Press any key to reveal your fortune." 40 print:print "Press Q to quit.":print 50 fo=int(rnd(1)*20):get k$:if k$="" then 50 60 if k$="q" then print "Good luck!":end 70 print "Your fortune reads:" 80 print spc(5);f$(fo):print 90 print "Again? (Y/N)" 100 get k$:if k$="" then 100 110 if k$="y" then goto 20 120 end 1000 data "It is certain.","It is decidedly so." 1010 data "Without a doubt.","Yes – definitely." 1020 data "You may rely on it.","As I see it, yes." 1030 data "Most likely.","Outlook good.","Yes." 1040 data "Signs point to yes.","Reply hazy, try again." 1050 data "Ask again later.","Better not tell you now." 1060 data "Cannot predict now.","Concentrate and ask again." 1070 data "Don't count on it.","My reply is no." 1080 data "My sources say no.","Outlook not so good." 1090 data "Very doubtful."  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Magic_8-ball
Magic 8-ball
Task Create Magic 8-Ball. See details at:   Magic 8-Ball. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff  (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
#D
D
import std.random, std.stdio, std.string;   const string[] responses = ["It is certain", "It is decidedly so", "Without a doubt", "Yes, definitely", "You may rely on it", "As I see it, yes", "Most likely", "Outlook good", "Signs point to yes", "Yes", "Reply hazy, try again", "Ask again later", "Better not tell you now", "Cannot predict now", "Concentrate and ask again", "Don't bet on it", "My reply is no", "My sources say no", "Outlook not so good", "Very doubtful"];   void main() { string question = ""; auto rnd = Random(unpredictableSeed); int index = -1;   writeln("Welcome to 8 ball! Please enter your question to "); write("find the answers you seek."); write("Type 'quit' to exit.", "\n\n");   while(true) { write("Question: "); question = stdin.readln(); if(strip(question) == "quit") { break; } write("Response: "); index = uniform(0, 20, rnd); write(responses[index], "\n\n"); } }  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Machine_code
Machine code
The task requires poking machine code directly into memory and executing it. The machine code is the architecture-specific opcodes which have the simple task of adding two unsigned bytes together and making the result available to the high-level language. For example, the following assembly language program is given for x86 (32 bit) architectures: mov EAX, [ESP+4] add EAX, [ESP+8] ret This would translate into the following opcode bytes: 139 68 36 4 3 68 36 8 195 Or in hexadecimal: 8B 44 24 04 03 44 24 08 C3 Task If different than 32-bit x86, specify the target architecture of the machine code for your example. It may be helpful to also include an assembly version of the machine code for others to reference and understand what is being executed. Then, implement the following in your favorite programming language: Poke the necessary opcodes into a memory location. Provide a means to pass two values to the machine code. Execute the machine code with the following arguments: unsigned-byte argument of value 7; unsigned-byte argument of value 12; The result would be 19. Perform any clean up actions that are appropriate for your chosen language (free the pointer or memory allocations, etc.)
#PL.2FM
PL/M
100H:   /* 8080 MACHINE CODE TO ADD TWO BYTES: 79 MOV A,C  ; LOAD FIRST ARG INTO ACCUMULATOR 83 ADD E  ; ADD SECOND ARG TO ACCUMULATOR C9 RET  ; RETURN */   DECLARE ADD$8080 DATA (79H, 83H, 0C9H);   /* THE 8080 PL/M CALLING CONVENTION IS THAT THE NEXT-TO-LAST ARG IS PUT IN (B)C, THE LAST ARG IN (D)E. (THE REST ARE IN MEMORY BUT WE DO NOT NEED ANY MORE.) THE RETURN ARGUMENT SHOULD BE IN THE ACCUMULATOR. WE CAN DEFINE A WRAPPER PROCEDURE TO DECLARE THE TYPES OF THE ARGUMENTS. */   EXEC$ADD: PROCEDURE (A,B) BYTE; DECLARE (A,B) BYTE; /* WE CAN 'GO TO' CONSTANTS OR VARIABLES, BUT NOT TO EXPRESSIONS. SO WE HAVE TO FETCH THE ADDRESS FIRST. */ DECLARE LOC ADDRESS; LOC = .ADD$8080; GO TO LOC; END EXEC$ADD;   /* IN FACT, PL/M DOES NOT COME WITH ANY STANDARD LIBARIES. IT IS FROM BEFORE THE TIME THAT YOU COULD ASSUME THERE WOULD EVEN BE AN OPERATING SYSTEM, THOUGH CP/M (THE PREDECESSOR TO DOS) WOULD QUICKLY BECOME STANDARD.   WE NEED TO USE THIS EXACT TRICK TO GET CP/M TO PRINT THE RESULT TO THE OUTPUT. LUCKILY (AND NOT COINCIDENTALLY), THE CP/M SYSCALL ENTRY POINT IS COMPATIBLE WITH THE PL/M CALLING CONVENTION. */   BDOS: PROCEDURE (FUNC, ARG); DECLARE FUNC BYTE; DECLARE ARG ADDRESS; /* 5 IS THE CP/M BDOS ENTRY POINT */ GO TO 5; END BDOS;   /* WE ALSO NEED OUR OWN NUMBER OUTPUT ROUTINE. WE CAN WRITE IT IN PL/M, THEN USE THE ABOVE ROUTINE TO TELL CP/M TO PRINT THE RESULT. */   PRINT$NUMBER: PROCEDURE(N); DECLARE S (4) BYTE INITIAL ('...$'); DECLARE P ADDRESS; DECLARE (N, C BASED P) BYTE;   /* EXTRACT EACH DIGIT AND WRITE THEM BACKWARDS TO A STRING */ P = .S(3); DIGIT: P = P-1; C = (N MOD 10) + '0'; N = N/10; IF N > 0 THEN GO TO DIGIT;   /* TELL CP/M TO PRINT THE RESULTING STRING */ CALL BDOS(9, P); END PRINT$NUMBER;   /* USING OUR OWN MACHINE CODE WORKS IN THE SAME WAY */ CALL PRINT$NUMBER( EXEC$ADD( 7, 12) ); /* THIS PRINTS 19 */   CALL BDOS(0,0); /* EXIT */ EOF
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Machine_code
Machine code
The task requires poking machine code directly into memory and executing it. The machine code is the architecture-specific opcodes which have the simple task of adding two unsigned bytes together and making the result available to the high-level language. For example, the following assembly language program is given for x86 (32 bit) architectures: mov EAX, [ESP+4] add EAX, [ESP+8] ret This would translate into the following opcode bytes: 139 68 36 4 3 68 36 8 195 Or in hexadecimal: 8B 44 24 04 03 44 24 08 C3 Task If different than 32-bit x86, specify the target architecture of the machine code for your example. It may be helpful to also include an assembly version of the machine code for others to reference and understand what is being executed. Then, implement the following in your favorite programming language: Poke the necessary opcodes into a memory location. Provide a means to pass two values to the machine code. Execute the machine code with the following arguments: unsigned-byte argument of value 7; unsigned-byte argument of value 12; The result would be 19. Perform any clean up actions that are appropriate for your chosen language (free the pointer or memory allocations, etc.)
#PureBasic
PureBasic
CompilerIf #PB_Compiler_Processor <> #PB_Processor_x86 CompilerError "Code requires a 32-bit processor." CompilerEndIf     ; Machine code using the Windows API   Procedure MachineCodeVirtualAlloc(a,b) *vm = VirtualAlloc_(#Null,?ecode-?scode,#MEM_COMMIT,#PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE) If(*vm) CopyMemory(?scode, *vm, ?ecode-?scode) eax_result=CallFunctionFast(*vm,a,b) VirtualFree_(*vm,0,#MEM_RELEASE) ProcedureReturn eax_result EndIf EndProcedure   rv=MachineCodeVirtualAlloc( 7, 12) MessageRequester("MachineCodeVirtualAlloc",Str(rv)+Space(50),#PB_MessageRequester_Ok)   #HEAP_CREATE_ENABLE_EXECUTE=$00040000   Procedure MachineCodeHeapCreate(a,b) hHeap=HeapCreate_(#HEAP_CREATE_ENABLE_EXECUTE,?ecode-?scode,?ecode-?scode) If(hHeap) CopyMemory(?scode, hHeap, ?ecode-?scode) eax_result=CallFunctionFast(hHeap,a,b) HeapDestroy_(hHeap) ProcedureReturn eax_result EndIf EndProcedure   rv=MachineCodeHeapCreate(7,12) MessageRequester("MachineCodeHeapCreate",Str(rv)+Space(50),#PB_MessageRequester_Ok) End   ; 8B442404 mov eax,[esp+4] ; 03442408 add eax,[esp+8] ; C20800 ret 8   DataSection scode: Data.a $8B,$44,$24,$04,$03,$44,$24,$08,$C2,$08,$00 ecode: EndDataSection
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Mandelbrot_set
Mandelbrot set
Mandelbrot set You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Generate and draw the Mandelbrot set. Note that there are many algorithms to draw Mandelbrot set and there are many functions which generate it .
#Ruby
Ruby
require 'complex'   def mandelbrot(a) Array.new(50).inject(0) { |z,c| z*z + a } end   (1.0).step(-1,-0.05) do |y| (-2.0).step(0.5,0.0315) do |x| print mandelbrot(Complex(x,y)).abs < 2 ? '*' : ' ' end puts end
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Matrix_multiplication
Matrix multiplication
Task Multiply two matrices together. They can be of any dimensions, so long as the number of columns of the first matrix is equal to the number of rows of the second matrix.
#Transd
Transd
#lang transd     MainModule: { _start: (λ (with n 5 A (for i in Range(n) project (for k in Range(n) project k)) B (for i in Range(n) project (for k in Range(n) project (- n k))) C (for i in Range(n) project (for k in Range(n) project 0))   (for i in Range( n ) do (for j in Range( n ) do (for k in Range( n ) do (+= (get (get C i) j) (* (get (get A i) k) (get (get B k) j))) ))) (lout C)) ) }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Matrix_transposition
Matrix transposition
Transpose an arbitrarily sized rectangular Matrix.
#zonnon
zonnon
  module MatrixOps; type Matrix = array {math} *,* of integer;     procedure WriteMatrix(x: array {math} *,* of integer); var i,j: integer; begin for i := 0 to len(x,0) - 1 do for j := 0 to len(x,1) - 1 do write(x[i,j]); end; writeln; end end WriteMatrix;   procedure Transposition; var m,x: Matrix; begin m := [[1,2,3],[3,4,5]]; (* matrix initialization *) x := !m; (* matrix trasposition *) WriteMatrix(x); end Transposition;   begin Transposition; end MatrixOps.  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/MAC_Vendor_Lookup
MAC Vendor Lookup
Every connected device around the world comes with a unique Media Access Control address, or a   MAC address. A common task a network administrator may come across is being able to identify a network device's manufacturer when given only a MAC address. Task Interface with one (or numerous) APIs that exist on the internet and retrieve the device manufacturer based on a supplied MAC address. A MAC address that does not return a valid result should return the String "N/A".   An error related to the network connectivity or the API should return a null result. Many implementations on this page use http://api.macvendors.com/ which, as of 19th September 2021, is throttling requests. After only 2 calls, the following response is returned for all subsequent requests. If you are planning to use the same provider or going to run the examples on this page, consider building in a delay between two calls. {"errors":{"detail":"Too Many Requests","message":"Please slow down your requests or upgrade your plan at https://macvendors.com"}}
#Zoea
Zoea
  program: mac_vendor_lookup   data: 'http://api.macvendors.com/'   input: 'D4:F4:6F:C9:EF:8D' derive: 'http://api.macvendors.com/D4:F4:6F:C9:EF:8D' output: 'Apple, Inc.'  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Magic_8-ball
Magic 8-ball
Task Create Magic 8-Ball. See details at:   Magic 8-Ball. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff  (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
#Delphi
Delphi
  program Magic_8_ball;   {$APPTYPE CONSOLE}   uses System.SysUtils, windows;   // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/29794559/delphi-console-xe7-clearscreen procedure ClearScreen; var stdout: THandle; csbi: TConsoleScreenBufferInfo; ConsoleSize: DWORD; NumWritten: DWORD; Origin: TCoord; begin stdout := GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE); Win32Check(stdout <> INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE); Win32Check(GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(stdout, csbi)); ConsoleSize := csbi.dwSize.X * csbi.dwSize.Y; Origin.X := 0; Origin.Y := 0; Win32Check(FillConsoleOutputCharacter(stdout, ' ', ConsoleSize, Origin, NumWritten)); Win32Check(FillConsoleOutputAttribute(stdout, csbi.wAttributes, ConsoleSize, Origin, NumWritten)); Win32Check(SetConsoleCursorPosition(stdout, Origin)); end;   const answers: array[0..19] of string = ('It is certain.', 'It is decidedly so.', 'Without a doubt.', 'Yes – definitely.', 'You may rely on it.', 'As I see it, yes.', 'Most likely.', 'Outlook good.', 'Yes.', 'Signs point to yes.', 'Reply hazy, try again.', 'Ask again later', 'Better not tell you now.', 'Cannot predict now.', 'Concentrate and ask again.', 'Don''t count on it.', 'My reply is no.', 'My sources say no.', 'Outlook not so good.', 'Very doubtful.');   begin Randomize; while True do begin writeln('Magic 8 Ball! Ask question and hit ENTER key for the answer!'); readln; ClearScreen; writeln(answers[Random(length(answers))], #10#10#10); writeln('(Hit ENTER key to ask again)'); readln; ClearScreen; end; end.
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Machine_code
Machine code
The task requires poking machine code directly into memory and executing it. The machine code is the architecture-specific opcodes which have the simple task of adding two unsigned bytes together and making the result available to the high-level language. For example, the following assembly language program is given for x86 (32 bit) architectures: mov EAX, [ESP+4] add EAX, [ESP+8] ret This would translate into the following opcode bytes: 139 68 36 4 3 68 36 8 195 Or in hexadecimal: 8B 44 24 04 03 44 24 08 C3 Task If different than 32-bit x86, specify the target architecture of the machine code for your example. It may be helpful to also include an assembly version of the machine code for others to reference and understand what is being executed. Then, implement the following in your favorite programming language: Poke the necessary opcodes into a memory location. Provide a means to pass two values to the machine code. Execute the machine code with the following arguments: unsigned-byte argument of value 7; unsigned-byte argument of value 12; The result would be 19. Perform any clean up actions that are appropriate for your chosen language (free the pointer or memory allocations, etc.)
#Python
Python
import ctypes import os from ctypes import c_ubyte, c_int   code = bytes([0x8b, 0x44, 0x24, 0x04, 0x03, 0x44, 0x24, 0x08, 0xc3])   code_size = len(code) # copy code into an executable buffer if (os.name == 'posix'): import mmap executable_map = mmap.mmap(-1, code_size, mmap.MAP_PRIVATE | mmap.MAP_ANON, mmap.PROT_READ | mmap.PROT_WRITE | mmap.PROT_EXEC) # we must keep a reference to executable_map until the call, to avoid freeing the mapped memory executable_map.write(code) # the mmap object won't tell us the actual address of the mapping, but we can fish it out by allocating # some ctypes object over its buffer, then asking the address of that func_address = ctypes.addressof(c_ubyte.from_buffer(executable_map)) elif (os.name == 'nt'): # the mmap module doesn't support protection flags on Windows, so execute VirtualAlloc instead code_buffer = ctypes.create_string_buffer(code) PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE = 0x40 # Windows constants that would usually come from header files MEM_COMMIT = 0x1000 executable_buffer_address = ctypes.windll.kernel32.VirtualAlloc(0, code_size, MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE) if (executable_buffer_address == 0): print('Warning: Failed to enable code execution, call will likely cause a protection fault.') func_address = ctypes.addressof(code_buffer) else: ctypes.memmove(executable_buffer_address, code_buffer, code_size) func_address = executable_buffer_address else: # for other platforms, we just hope DEP isn't enabled code_buffer = ctypes.create_string_buffer(code) func_address = ctypes.addressof(code_buffer)   prototype = ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(c_int, c_ubyte, c_ubyte) # build a function prototype from return type and argument types func = prototype(func_address) # build an actual function from the prototype by specifying the address res = func(7,12) print(res)  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Mandelbrot_set
Mandelbrot set
Mandelbrot set You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Generate and draw the Mandelbrot set. Note that there are many algorithms to draw Mandelbrot set and there are many functions which generate it .
#Rust
Rust
extern crate image; extern crate num_complex;   use std::fs::File; use num_complex::Complex;   fn main() { let max_iterations = 256u16; let img_side = 800u32; let cxmin = -2f32; let cxmax = 1f32; let cymin = -1.5f32; let cymax = 1.5f32; let scalex = (cxmax - cxmin) / img_side as f32; let scaley = (cymax - cymin) / img_side as f32;   // Create a new ImgBuf let mut imgbuf = image::ImageBuffer::new(img_side, img_side);   // Calculate for each pixel for (x, y, pixel) in imgbuf.enumerate_pixels_mut() { let cx = cxmin + x as f32 * scalex; let cy = cymin + y as f32 * scaley;   let c = Complex::new(cx, cy); let mut z = Complex::new(0f32, 0f32);   let mut i = 0; for t in 0..max_iterations { if z.norm() > 2.0 { break; } z = z * z + c; i = t; }   *pixel = image::Luma([i as u8]); }   // Save image imgbuf.save("fractal.png").unwrap(); }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Matrix_multiplication
Matrix multiplication
Task Multiply two matrices together. They can be of any dimensions, so long as the number of columns of the first matrix is equal to the number of rows of the second matrix.
#UNIX_Shell
UNIX Shell
  #!/bin/bash   DELAY=0 # increase this if printing of matrices should be slower   echo "This script takes two matrices, henceforth called A and B, and returns their product, AB.   For the time being, matrices can have integer components only.   "   read -p "Number of rows of matrix A: " arows read -p "Number of columns of matrix A: " acols brows="$acols" echo echo "Number of rows of matrix B: "$brows read -p "Number of columns of matrix B: " bcols   crows="$arows" ccols="$bcols" echo   echo "Number of rows of matrix AB: " $crows echo "Number of columns of matrix AB: " $ccols echo echo   matrixa=( ) matrixb=( )   # input matrix A   maxlengtha=0 for ((row=1; row<=arows; row++)); do for ((col=1; col<=acols; col++)); do checkentry="false" while [ "$checkentry" != "true" ]; do read -p "Enter component A[$row, $col]: " number index=$(((row-1)*acols+col)) matrixa[$index]="$number" [ "${matrixa[$index]}" -eq "$number" ] && checkentry="true" echo done entry="${matrixa[$index]}" [ "${#entry}" -gt "$maxlengtha" ] && maxlengtha="${#entry}" done echo done   # print matrix A to guard against errors   if [ "$maxlengtha" -le "5" ]; then width=8 else width=$((maxlengtha + 3)) fi   echo "This is matrix A:   "   for ((row=1; row<=arows; row++)); do for ((col=1; col<=acols; col++)); do   index=$(((row-1)*acols+col)) printf "%${width}d" "${matrixa[$index]}" sleep "$DELAY"   done echo; echo # printf %s "\n\n" does not work... done   echo echo   # input matrix B   maxlengthb=0 for ((row=1; row<=brows; row++)); do for ((col=1; col<=bcols; col++)); do checkentry="false" while [ "$checkentry" != "true" ]; do read -p "Enter component B[$row, $col]: " number index=$(((row-1)*bcols+col)) matrixb[$index]="$number" [ "${matrixb[$index]}" -eq "$number" ] && checkentry="true" echo done entry="${matrixb[$index]}" [ "${#entry}" -gt "$maxlengthb" ] && maxlengthb="${#entry}" done echo done   # print matrix B to guard against errors   if [ "$maxlengthb" -le "5" ]; then width=8 else width=$((maxlengthb + 3)) fi   echo "This is matrix B:   "   for ((row=1; row<=brows; row++)); do for ((col=1; col<=bcols; col++)); do   index=$(((row-1)*bcols+col)) printf "%${width}d" "${matrixb[$index]}" sleep "$DELAY"   done echo; echo # printf %s "\n\n" does not work... done   read -p "Hit enter to continue"   # calculate matrix C := AB   maxlengthc=0 time for ((row=1; row<=crows; row++)); do for ((col=1; col<=ccols; col++)); do   # calculate component C[$row, $col]   runningtotal=0 for ((j=1; j<=acols; j++)); do rowa="$row" cola="$j" indexa=$(((rowa-1)*acols+cola)) rowb="$j" colb="$col" indexb=$(((rowb-1)*bcols+colb))   entry_from_A=${matrixa[$indexa]} entry_from_B=${matrixb[$indexb]}   subtotal=$((entry_from_A * entry_from_B)) ((runningtotal+=subtotal)) done   number="$runningtotal"   # store component in the result array index=$(((row-1)*ccols+col)) matrixc[$index]="$number"   entry="${matrixc[$index]}" [ "${#entry}" -gt "$maxlengthc" ] && maxlengthc="${#entry}" done done   echo read -p "Hit enter to continue" echo   # print the matrix C   if [ "$maxlengthc" -le "5" ]; then width=8 else width=$((maxlengthc + 3)) fi   echo "The product matrix is:   "   for ((row=1; row<=crows; row++)); do for ((col=1; col<=ccols; col++)); do   index=$(((row-1)*ccols+col)) printf "%${width}d" "${matrixc[$index]}" sleep "$DELAY"   done echo; echo # printf %s "\n\n" does not work... done   echo echo  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Magic_8-ball
Magic 8-ball
Task Create Magic 8-Ball. See details at:   Magic 8-Ball. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff  (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
#Factor
Factor
USING: io kernel random sequences ; IN: rosetta-code.magic-8-ball   CONSTANT: phrases { "It is certain" "It is decidedly so" "Without a doubt" "Yes, definitely" "You may rely on it" "As I see it, yes" "Most likely" "Outlook good" "Signs point to yes" "Yes" "Reply hazy, try again" "Ask again later" "Better not tell you now" "Cannot predict now" "Concentrate and ask again" "Don't bet on it" "My reply is no" "My sources say no" "Outlook not so good" "Very doubtful" }   "Please enter your question or a blank line to quit." print   [ "? : " write flush readln empty? [ f ] [ phrases random print t ] if ] loop
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Magic_8-ball
Magic 8-ball
Task Create Magic 8-Ball. See details at:   Magic 8-Ball. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff  (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
#FreeBASIC
FreeBASIC
dim as string answer(0 to 19) = { "It is certain.", "It is decidedly so.", "Without a doubt.", "Yes – definitely.",_ "You may rely on it.", "As I see it, yes.", "Most likely.", "Outlook good.",_ "Yes.", "Signs point to yes.", "Reply hazy, try again.", "Ask again later.",_ "Better not tell you now.", "Cannot predict now.", "Concentrate and ask again.", "Don't count on it.",_ "My reply is no.", "My sources say no.", "Outlook not so good.", "Very doubtful." }   dim as string question randomize timer   print "Q to quit." do input "What would you like to know? ", question if ucase(question)="Q" then exit do print answer(int(rnd*20)) print loop
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Machine_code
Machine code
The task requires poking machine code directly into memory and executing it. The machine code is the architecture-specific opcodes which have the simple task of adding two unsigned bytes together and making the result available to the high-level language. For example, the following assembly language program is given for x86 (32 bit) architectures: mov EAX, [ESP+4] add EAX, [ESP+8] ret This would translate into the following opcode bytes: 139 68 36 4 3 68 36 8 195 Or in hexadecimal: 8B 44 24 04 03 44 24 08 C3 Task If different than 32-bit x86, specify the target architecture of the machine code for your example. It may be helpful to also include an assembly version of the machine code for others to reference and understand what is being executed. Then, implement the following in your favorite programming language: Poke the necessary opcodes into a memory location. Provide a means to pass two values to the machine code. Execute the machine code with the following arguments: unsigned-byte argument of value 7; unsigned-byte argument of value 12; The result would be 19. Perform any clean up actions that are appropriate for your chosen language (free the pointer or memory allocations, etc.)
#Quackery
Quackery
/O> ( check that + and negate are operators (i.e. op-codes ) ... ' + operator? ' negate operator? and if [ say "true"] ... true Stack empty. /O> ( create a memory block large enough to hold them, ) ... ( filled with zeros ) ... 0 2 of ... Stack: [ 0 0 ] /O> ( poke the + operator into place ) ... ' + swap 0 poke ... Stack: [ + 0 ] /O> ( poke the negate operator into place ) ... ' negate swap 1 poke ... Stack: [ + negate ] /O> ( Using the phrase ) ... ( ) ... ( ' + ' negate join ) ... ( ) ... ( would be more idiomatic, but ) ... ( the task specifies poking. ) Stack: [ + negate ] /O> ( now put two numbers underneath it on the stack ) ... 7 12 rot ... Stack: 7 12 [ + negate ] /O> ( and run the machine code ) ... do ... Stack: -19 /O> ( ta-da! )
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Machine_code
Machine code
The task requires poking machine code directly into memory and executing it. The machine code is the architecture-specific opcodes which have the simple task of adding two unsigned bytes together and making the result available to the high-level language. For example, the following assembly language program is given for x86 (32 bit) architectures: mov EAX, [ESP+4] add EAX, [ESP+8] ret This would translate into the following opcode bytes: 139 68 36 4 3 68 36 8 195 Or in hexadecimal: 8B 44 24 04 03 44 24 08 C3 Task If different than 32-bit x86, specify the target architecture of the machine code for your example. It may be helpful to also include an assembly version of the machine code for others to reference and understand what is being executed. Then, implement the following in your favorite programming language: Poke the necessary opcodes into a memory location. Provide a means to pass two values to the machine code. Execute the machine code with the following arguments: unsigned-byte argument of value 7; unsigned-byte argument of value 12; The result would be 19. Perform any clean up actions that are appropriate for your chosen language (free the pointer or memory allocations, etc.)
#Racket
Racket
#lang racket/base   (require ffi/unsafe)   ; set up access to racket internals (define scheme-malloc-code (get-ffi-obj 'scheme_malloc_code #f (_fun (len : _intptr) -> _pointer))) (define scheme-free-code (get-ffi-obj 'scheme_free_code #f (_fun _pointer -> _void)))   (define opcodes '(139 68 36 4 3 68 36 8 195))   (define code (scheme-malloc-code 64))   (for ([byte opcodes] [i (in-naturals)]) (ptr-set! code _ubyte i byte))   (define function (cast code _pointer (_fun _ubyte _ubyte -> _ubyte)))   (function 7 12)   (scheme-free-code code)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Mandelbrot_set
Mandelbrot set
Mandelbrot set You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Generate and draw the Mandelbrot set. Note that there are many algorithms to draw Mandelbrot set and there are many functions which generate it .
#Sass.2FSCSS
Sass/SCSS
  $canvasWidth: 200; $canvasHeight: 200; $iterations: 20; $xCorner: -2; $yCorner: -1.5; $zoom: 3; $data: ()!global; @mixin plot ($x,$y,$count){ $index: ($y * $canvasWidth + $x) * 4; $r: $count * -12 + 255; $g: $count * -12 + 255; $b: $count * -12 + 255; $data: append($data, $x + px $y + px 0 rgb($r,$g,$b), comma)!global; }   @for $x from 1 to $canvasWidth { @for $y from 1 to $canvasHeight { $count: 0; $size: 0; $cx: $xCorner + (($x * $zoom) / $canvasWidth); $cy: $yCorner + (($y * $zoom) / $canvasHeight);   $zx: 0; $zy: 0;   @while $count < $iterations and $size <= 4 { $count: $count + 1; $temp: ($zx * $zx) - ($zy * $zy); $zy: (2 * $zx * $zy) + $cy; $zx: $temp + $cx; $size: ($zx * $zx) + ($zy * $zy); }   @include plot($x, $y, $count); } } .set { height: 1px; width: 1px; position: absolute; top: 50%; left: 50%; transform: translate($canvasWidth*0.5px, $canvasWidth*0.5px); box-shadow: $data; }    
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Matrix_multiplication
Matrix multiplication
Task Multiply two matrices together. They can be of any dimensions, so long as the number of columns of the first matrix is equal to the number of rows of the second matrix.
#Ursala
Ursala
#import rat   a =   < <1/1, 1/1, 1/1, 1/1>, <2/1, 4/1, 8/1, 16/1>, <3/1, 9/1, 27/1, 81/1>, <4/1, 16/1, 64/1, 256/1>>   b =   < < 4/1, -3/1, 4/3, -1/4>, <-13/3, 19/4, -7/3, 11/24>, < 3/2, -2/1, 7/6, -1/4>, < -1/6, 1/4, -1/6, 1/24>>   mmult = *rK7lD *rlD sum:-0.+ product*p   #cast %qLL   test = mmult(a,b)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Ludic_numbers
Ludic numbers
Ludic numbers   are related to prime numbers as they are generated by a sieve quite like the Sieve of Eratosthenes is used to generate prime numbers. The first ludic number is   1. To generate succeeding ludic numbers create an array of increasing integers starting from   2. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 ... (Loop) Take the first member of the resultant array as the next ludic number   2. Remove every   2nd   indexed item from the array (including the first). 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 ... (Unrolling a few loops...) Take the first member of the resultant array as the next ludic number   3. Remove every   3rd   indexed item from the array (including the first). 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 ... Take the first member of the resultant array as the next ludic number   5. Remove every   5th   indexed item from the array (including the first). 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 25 29 31 35 37 41 43 47 49 53 55 59 61 65 67 71 73 77 ... Take the first member of the resultant array as the next ludic number   7. Remove every   7th   indexed item from the array (including the first). 7 11 13 17 23 25 29 31 37 41 43 47 53 55 59 61 67 71 73 77 83 85 89 91 97 ... ... Take the first member of the current array as the next ludic number   L. Remove every   Lth   indexed item from the array (including the first). ... Task Generate and show here the first 25 ludic numbers. How many ludic numbers are there less than or equal to 1000? Show the 2000..2005th ludic numbers. Stretch goal Show all triplets of ludic numbers < 250. A triplet is any three numbers     x , {\displaystyle x,}   x + 2 , {\displaystyle x+2,}   x + 6 {\displaystyle x+6}     where all three numbers are also ludic numbers.
#11l
11l
F ludic(nmax = 100000) V r = [1] V lst = Array(2..nmax) L !lst.empty r.append(lst[0]) [Int] newlst V step = lst[0] L(i) 0 .< lst.len I i % step != 0 newlst.append(lst[i]) lst = newlst R r   V ludics = ludic() print(‘First 25 ludic primes:’) print(ludics[0.<25]) print("\nThere are #. ludic numbers <= 1000".format(sum(ludics.filter(l -> l <= 1000).map(l -> 1)))) print("\n2000'th..2005'th ludic primes:") print(ludics[2000 - 1 .. 2004]) V n = 250 V triplets = ludics.filter(x -> x + 6 < :n & x + 2 C :ludics & x + 6 C :ludics).map(x -> (x, x + 2, x + 6)) print("\nThere are #. triplets less than #.:\n #.".format(triplets.len, n, triplets))
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Magic_8-ball
Magic 8-ball
Task Create Magic 8-Ball. See details at:   Magic 8-Ball. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff  (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
#Forth
Forth
\ magic eight ball Rosetta Code INCLUDE RANDOM.FS DECIMAL : CASE: ( -- -7) CREATE  ; : ;CASE ( n -- ) DOES> SWAP CELLS + @ EXECUTE ;   : VECTORS 0 DO , LOOP ;   :NONAME ." It is certain" ; :NONAME ." It is decidedly so" ; :NONAME ." Without a doubt" ; :NONAME ." Yes, definitely" ; :NONAME ." You may rely on it" ; :NONAME ." As I see it, yes." ; :NONAME ." Most likely" ; :NONAME ." Outlook good" ; :NONAME ." Signs point to yes." ; :NONAME ." Yes." ; :NONAME ." Reply hazy, try again" ; :NONAME ." Ask again later" ; :NONAME ." Better not tell you now" ; :NONAME ." Cannot predict now" ; :NONAME ." Concentrate and ask again" ; :NONAME ." Don't bet on it" ; :NONAME ." My reply is no"  ; :NONAME ." My sources say no" ; :NONAME ." Outlook not so good" ; :NONAME ." Very doubtful" ;   CASE: MAGIC8BALL 20 VECTORS  ;CASE   : GO CR ." Please enter your question or a blank line to quit." BEGIN CR ." ? :" PAD 80 ACCEPT 0> WHILE CR 19 RANDOM MAGIC8BALL CR REPEAT ;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Magic_8-ball
Magic 8-ball
Task Create Magic 8-Ball. See details at:   Magic 8-Ball. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff  (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
#Fortran
Fortran
PROGRAM EIGHT_BALL CHARACTER(LEN=100) :: RESPONSE CHARACTER(LEN=100) :: QUESTION CHARACTER(LEN=100), DIMENSION(20) :: RESPONSES REAL :: R   CALL RANDOM_SEED()   RESPONSES(1) = "It is certain" RESPONSES(2) = "It is decidedly so" RESPONSES(3) = "Without a doubt" RESPONSES(4) = "Yes, definitely" RESPONSES(5) = "You may rely on it" RESPONSES(6) = "As I see it, yes" RESPONSES(7) = "Most likely" RESPONSES(8) = "Outlook good" RESPONSES(9) = "Signs point to yes" RESPONSES(10) = "Yes" RESPONSES(11) = "Reply hazy, try again" RESPONSES(12) = "Ask again later" RESPONSES(13) = "Better not tell you now" RESPONSES(14) = "Cannot predict now" RESPONSES(15) = "Concentrate and ask again" RESPONSES(16) = "Don't bet on it" RESPONSES(17) = "My reply is no" RESPONSES(18) = "My sources say no" RESPONSES(19) = "Outlook not so good" RESPONSES(20) = "Very doubtful"   WRITE(*,*) "Welcome to 8 Ball! Ask a question to find the answers" WRITE(*,*) "you seek, type either 'quit' or 'q' to exit", NEW_LINE('A')   DO WHILE(.TRUE.) PRINT*, "Ask your question: " READ(*,*) QUESTION IF(QUESTION == "q" .OR. QUESTION == "quit") THEN CALL EXIT(0) ENDIF CALL RANDOM_NUMBER(R) PRINT*, "Response: ", TRIM(RESPONSES(FLOOR(R*20))), NEW_LINE('A') ENDDO END PROGRAM EIGHT_BALL
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Machine_code
Machine code
The task requires poking machine code directly into memory and executing it. The machine code is the architecture-specific opcodes which have the simple task of adding two unsigned bytes together and making the result available to the high-level language. For example, the following assembly language program is given for x86 (32 bit) architectures: mov EAX, [ESP+4] add EAX, [ESP+8] ret This would translate into the following opcode bytes: 139 68 36 4 3 68 36 8 195 Or in hexadecimal: 8B 44 24 04 03 44 24 08 C3 Task If different than 32-bit x86, specify the target architecture of the machine code for your example. It may be helpful to also include an assembly version of the machine code for others to reference and understand what is being executed. Then, implement the following in your favorite programming language: Poke the necessary opcodes into a memory location. Provide a means to pass two values to the machine code. Execute the machine code with the following arguments: unsigned-byte argument of value 7; unsigned-byte argument of value 12; The result would be 19. Perform any clean up actions that are appropriate for your chosen language (free the pointer or memory allocations, etc.)
#Raku
Raku
c = ((int (*) (int, int))buf)(a, b);
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Machine_code
Machine code
The task requires poking machine code directly into memory and executing it. The machine code is the architecture-specific opcodes which have the simple task of adding two unsigned bytes together and making the result available to the high-level language. For example, the following assembly language program is given for x86 (32 bit) architectures: mov EAX, [ESP+4] add EAX, [ESP+8] ret This would translate into the following opcode bytes: 139 68 36 4 3 68 36 8 195 Or in hexadecimal: 8B 44 24 04 03 44 24 08 C3 Task If different than 32-bit x86, specify the target architecture of the machine code for your example. It may be helpful to also include an assembly version of the machine code for others to reference and understand what is being executed. Then, implement the following in your favorite programming language: Poke the necessary opcodes into a memory location. Provide a means to pass two values to the machine code. Execute the machine code with the following arguments: unsigned-byte argument of value 7; unsigned-byte argument of value 12; The result would be 19. Perform any clean up actions that are appropriate for your chosen language (free the pointer or memory allocations, etc.)
#Rust
Rust
extern crate libc;   #[cfg(all( target_os = "linux", any(target_pointer_width = "32", target_pointer_width = "64") ))] fn main() { use std::mem; use std::ptr;   let page_size: usize = 4096; let (bytes, size): (Vec<u8>, usize) = if cfg!(target_pointer_width = "32") { ( vec![0x8b, 0x44, 0x24, 0x04, 0x03, 0x44, 0x24, 0x08, 0xc3], 9, ) } else { (vec![0x48, 0x89, 0xf8, 0x48, 0x01, 0xf0, 0xc3], 7) }; let f: fn(u8, u8) -> u8 = unsafe { let mut page: *mut libc::c_void = ptr::null_mut(); libc::posix_memalign(&mut page, page_size, size); libc::mprotect( page, size, libc::PROT_EXEC | libc::PROT_READ | libc::PROT_WRITE, ); let contents: *mut u8 = page as *mut u8; ptr::copy(bytes.as_ptr(), contents, 9); mem::transmute(contents) };   let return_value = f(7, 12); println!("Returned value: {}", return_value); assert_eq!(return_value, 19); }   #[cfg(any( not(target_os = "linux"), not(any(target_pointer_width = "32", target_pointer_width = "64")) ))] fn main() { println!("Not supported on this platform."); }  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Mandelbrot_set
Mandelbrot set
Mandelbrot set You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Generate and draw the Mandelbrot set. Note that there are many algorithms to draw Mandelbrot set and there are many functions which generate it .
#Scala
Scala
import org.rosettacode.ArithmeticComplex._ import java.awt.Color   object Mandelbrot { def generate(width:Int =600, height:Int =400)={ val bm=new RgbBitmap(width, height)   val maxIter=1000 val xMin = -2.0 val xMax = 1.0 val yMin = -1.0 val yMax = 1.0   val cx=(xMax-xMin)/width val cy=(yMax-yMin)/height   for(y <- 0 until bm.height; x <- 0 until bm.width){ val c=Complex(xMin+x*cx, yMin+y*cy) val iter=itMandel(c, maxIter, 4) bm.setPixel(x, y, getColor(iter, maxIter)) } bm }   def itMandel(c:Complex, imax:Int, bailout:Int):Int={ var z=Complex() for(i <- 0 until imax){ z=z*z+c; if(z.abs > bailout) return i } imax; }   def getColor(iter:Int, max:Int):Color={ if (iter==max) return Color.BLACK   var c=3*math.log(iter)/math.log(max-1.0) if(c<1) new Color((255*c).toInt, 0, 0) else if(c<2) new Color(255, (255*(c-1)).toInt, 0) else new Color(255, 255, (255*(c-2)).toInt) } }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Matrix_multiplication
Matrix multiplication
Task Multiply two matrices together. They can be of any dimensions, so long as the number of columns of the first matrix is equal to the number of rows of the second matrix.
#VBA
VBA
Function matrix_multiplication(a As Variant, b As Variant) As Variant matrix_multiplication = WorksheetFunction.MMult(a, b) End Function
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Ludic_numbers
Ludic numbers
Ludic numbers   are related to prime numbers as they are generated by a sieve quite like the Sieve of Eratosthenes is used to generate prime numbers. The first ludic number is   1. To generate succeeding ludic numbers create an array of increasing integers starting from   2. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 ... (Loop) Take the first member of the resultant array as the next ludic number   2. Remove every   2nd   indexed item from the array (including the first). 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 ... (Unrolling a few loops...) Take the first member of the resultant array as the next ludic number   3. Remove every   3rd   indexed item from the array (including the first). 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 ... Take the first member of the resultant array as the next ludic number   5. Remove every   5th   indexed item from the array (including the first). 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 25 29 31 35 37 41 43 47 49 53 55 59 61 65 67 71 73 77 ... Take the first member of the resultant array as the next ludic number   7. Remove every   7th   indexed item from the array (including the first). 7 11 13 17 23 25 29 31 37 41 43 47 53 55 59 61 67 71 73 77 83 85 89 91 97 ... ... Take the first member of the current array as the next ludic number   L. Remove every   Lth   indexed item from the array (including the first). ... Task Generate and show here the first 25 ludic numbers. How many ludic numbers are there less than or equal to 1000? Show the 2000..2005th ludic numbers. Stretch goal Show all triplets of ludic numbers < 250. A triplet is any three numbers     x , {\displaystyle x,}   x + 2 , {\displaystyle x+2,}   x + 6 {\displaystyle x+6}     where all three numbers are also ludic numbers.
#360_Assembly
360 Assembly
* Ludic numbers 23/04/2016 LUDICN CSECT USING LUDICN,R15 set base register LH R9,NMAX r9=nmax SRA R9,1 r9=nmax/2 LA R6,2 i=2 LOOPI1 CR R6,R9 do i=2 to nmax/2 BH ELOOPI1 LA R1,LUDIC-1(R6) @ludic(i) CLI 0(R1),X'01' if ludic(i) BNE ELOOPJ1 SR R8,R8 n=0 LA R7,1(R6) j=i+1 LOOPJ1 CH R7,NMAX do j=i+1 to nmax BH ELOOPJ1 LA R1,LUDIC-1(R7) @ludic(j) CLI 0(R1),X'01' if ludic(j) BNE NOTJ1 LA R8,1(R8) n=n+1 NOTJ1 CR R8,R6 if n=i BNE NDIFI LA R1,LUDIC-1(R7) @ludic(j) MVI 0(R1),X'00' ludic(j)=false SR R8,R8 n=0 NDIFI LA R7,1(R7) j=j+1 B LOOPJ1 ELOOPJ1 LA R6,1(R6) i=i+1 B LOOPI1 ELOOPI1 XPRNT =C'First 25 ludic numbers:',23 LA R10,BUF @buf=0 SR R8,R8 n=0 LA R6,1 i=1 LOOPI2 CH R6,NMAX do i=1 to nmax BH ELOOPI2 LA R1,LUDIC-1(R6) @ludic(i) CLI 0(R1),X'01' if ludic(i) BNE NOTI2 XDECO R6,XDEC i MVC 0(4,R10),XDEC+8 output i LA R10,4(R10) @buf=@buf+4 LA R8,1(R8) n=n+1 LR R2,R8 n SRDA R2,32 D R2,=F'5' r2=mod(n,5) LTR R2,R2 if mod(n,5)=0 BNZ NOTI2 XPRNT BUF,20 LA R10,BUF @buf=0 NOTI2 EQU * CH R8,=H'25' if n=25 BE ELOOPI2 LA R6,1(R6) i=i+1 B LOOPI2 ELOOPI2 MVC BUF(25),=C'Ludic numbers below 1000:' SR R8,R8 n=0 LA R6,1 i=1 LOOPI3 CH R6,=H'999' do i=1 to 999 BH ELOOPI3 LA R1,LUDIC-1(R6) @ludic(i) CLI 0(R1),X'01' if ludic(i) BNE NOTI3 LA R8,1(R8) n=n+1 NOTI3 LA R6,1(R6) i=i+1 B LOOPI3 ELOOPI3 XDECO R8,XDEC edit n MVC BUF+25(6),XDEC+6 output n XPRNT BUF,31 print buffer MVC BUF(80),=CL80'Ludic numbers 2000 to 2005:' LA R10,BUF+28 @buf=28 SR R8,R8 n=0 LA R6,1 i=1 LOOPI4 CH R6,NMAX do i=1 to nmax BH ELOOPI4 LA R1,LUDIC-1(R6) @ludic(i) CLI 0(R1),X'01' if ludic(i) BNE NOTI4 LA R8,1(R8) n=n+1 CH R8,=H'2000' if n>=2000 BL NOTI4 XDECO R6,XDEC edit i MVC 0(6,R10),XDEC+6 output i LA R10,6(R10) @buf=@buf+6 CH R8,=H'2005' if n=2005 BE ELOOPI4 NOTI4 LA R6,1(R6) i=i+1 B LOOPI4 ELOOPI4 XPRNT BUF,80 print buffer XPRNT =C'Ludic triplets below 250:',25 LA R6,1 i=1 LOOPI5 CH R6,=H'243' do i=1 to 243 BH ELOOPI5 LA R1,LUDIC-1(R6) @ludic(i) CLI 0(R1),X'01' if ludic(i) BNE ITERI5 LA R1,LUDIC+1(R6) @ludic(i+2) CLI 0(R1),X'01' if ludic(i+2) BNE ITERI5 LA R1,LUDIC+5(R6) @ludic(i+6) CLI 0(R1),X'01' if ludic(i+6) BNE ITERI5 MVC BUF+0(1),=C'[' [ XDECO R6,XDEC edit i MVC BUF+1(4),XDEC+8 output i LA R2,2(R6) i+2 XDECO R2,XDEC edit i+2 MVC BUF+5(4),XDEC+8 output i+2 LA R2,6(R6) i+6 XDECO R2,XDEC edit i+6 MVC BUF+9(4),XDEC+8 output i+6 MVC BUF+13(1),=C']' ] XPRNT BUF,14 print buffer ITERI5 LA R6,1(R6) i=i+1 B LOOPI5 ELOOPI5 XR R15,R15 set return code BR R14 return to caller LTORG BUF DS CL80 buffer XDEC DS CL12 decimal editor NMAX DC H'25000' nmax LUDIC DC 25000X'01' ludic(nmax)=true YREGS END LUDICN
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Magic_8-ball
Magic 8-ball
Task Create Magic 8-Ball. See details at:   Magic 8-Ball. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff  (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
#Go
Go
package main   import ( "bufio" "bytes" "fmt" "log" "math/rand" "os" "time" )   func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) answers := [...]string{ "It is certain", "It is decidedly so", "Without a doubt", "Yes, definitely", "You may rely on it", "As I see it, yes", "Most likely", "Outlook good", "Signs point to yes", "Yes", "Reply hazy, try again", "Ask again later", "Better not tell you now", "Cannot predict now", "Concentrate and ask again", "Don't bet on it", "My reply is no", "My sources say no", "Outlook not so good", "Very doubtful", } const prompt = "\n? : " fmt.Print("Please enter your question or a blank line to quit.\n" + prompt) sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin) for sc.Scan() { question := sc.Bytes() question = bytes.TrimSpace(question) if len(question) == 0 { break } answer := answers[rand.Intn(len(answers))] fmt.Printf("\n%s\n"+prompt, answer) } if err := sc.Err(); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Machine_code
Machine code
The task requires poking machine code directly into memory and executing it. The machine code is the architecture-specific opcodes which have the simple task of adding two unsigned bytes together and making the result available to the high-level language. For example, the following assembly language program is given for x86 (32 bit) architectures: mov EAX, [ESP+4] add EAX, [ESP+8] ret This would translate into the following opcode bytes: 139 68 36 4 3 68 36 8 195 Or in hexadecimal: 8B 44 24 04 03 44 24 08 C3 Task If different than 32-bit x86, specify the target architecture of the machine code for your example. It may be helpful to also include an assembly version of the machine code for others to reference and understand what is being executed. Then, implement the following in your favorite programming language: Poke the necessary opcodes into a memory location. Provide a means to pass two values to the machine code. Execute the machine code with the following arguments: unsigned-byte argument of value 7; unsigned-byte argument of value 12; The result would be 19. Perform any clean up actions that are appropriate for your chosen language (free the pointer or memory allocations, etc.)
#Scala
Scala
!ExternalBytes class methods!   mapExecutableBytes:size %{ # include <sys/mman.h>   void *mem; OBJ retVal; int nBytes = __intVal(size);   mem = mmap(nil, nBytes, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANON, -1, 0); if (mem != MAP_FAILED) { RETURN( __MKEXTERNALBYTES_N(mem, nBytes)); } %}. self primitiveFailed ! !
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Machine_code
Machine code
The task requires poking machine code directly into memory and executing it. The machine code is the architecture-specific opcodes which have the simple task of adding two unsigned bytes together and making the result available to the high-level language. For example, the following assembly language program is given for x86 (32 bit) architectures: mov EAX, [ESP+4] add EAX, [ESP+8] ret This would translate into the following opcode bytes: 139 68 36 4 3 68 36 8 195 Or in hexadecimal: 8B 44 24 04 03 44 24 08 C3 Task If different than 32-bit x86, specify the target architecture of the machine code for your example. It may be helpful to also include an assembly version of the machine code for others to reference and understand what is being executed. Then, implement the following in your favorite programming language: Poke the necessary opcodes into a memory location. Provide a means to pass two values to the machine code. Execute the machine code with the following arguments: unsigned-byte argument of value 7; unsigned-byte argument of value 12; The result would be 19. Perform any clean up actions that are appropriate for your chosen language (free the pointer or memory allocations, etc.)
#Smalltalk
Smalltalk
!ExternalBytes class methods!   mapExecutableBytes:size %{ # include <sys/mman.h>   void *mem; OBJ retVal; int nBytes = __intVal(size);   mem = mmap(nil, nBytes, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANON, -1, 0); if (mem != MAP_FAILED) { RETURN( __MKEXTERNALBYTES_N(mem, nBytes)); } %}. self primitiveFailed ! !
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Mandelbrot_set
Mandelbrot set
Mandelbrot set You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Generate and draw the Mandelbrot set. Note that there are many algorithms to draw Mandelbrot set and there are many functions which generate it .
#Scheme
Scheme
(define x-centre -0.5) (define y-centre 0.0) (define width 4.0) (define i-max 800) (define j-max 600) (define n 100) (define r-max 2.0) (define file "out.pgm") (define colour-max 255) (define pixel-size (/ width i-max)) (define x-offset (- x-centre (* 0.5 pixel-size (+ i-max 1)))) (define y-offset (+ y-centre (* 0.5 pixel-size (+ j-max 1))))   (define (inside? z) (define (*inside? z-0 z n) (and (< (magnitude z) r-max) (or (= n 0) (*inside? z-0 (+ (* z z) z-0) (- n 1))))) (*inside? z 0 n))   (define (boolean->integer b) (if b colour-max 0))   (define (pixel i j) (boolean->integer (inside? (make-rectangular (+ x-offset (* pixel-size i)) (- y-offset (* pixel-size j))))))   (define (plot) (with-output-to-file file (lambda () (begin (display "P2") (newline) (display i-max) (newline) (display j-max) (newline) (display colour-max) (newline) (do ((j 1 (+ j 1))) ((> j j-max)) (do ((i 1 (+ i 1))) ((> i i-max)) (begin (display (pixel i j)) (newline))))))))   (plot)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Matrix_multiplication
Matrix multiplication
Task Multiply two matrices together. They can be of any dimensions, so long as the number of columns of the first matrix is equal to the number of rows of the second matrix.
#VBScript
VBScript
  Dim matrix1(2,2) matrix1(0,0) = 3 : matrix1(0,1) = 7 : matrix1(0,2) = 4 matrix1(1,0) = 5 : matrix1(1,1) = -2 : matrix1(1,2) = 9 matrix1(2,0) = 8 : matrix1(2,1) = -6 : matrix1(2,2) = -5 Dim matrix2(2,2) matrix2(0,0) = 9 : matrix2(0,1) = 2 : matrix2(0,2) = 1 matrix2(1,0) = -7 : matrix2(1,1) = 3 : matrix2(1,2) = -10 matrix2(2,0) = 4 : matrix2(2,1) = 5 : matrix2(2,2) = -6   Call multiply_matrix(matrix1,matrix2)   Sub multiply_matrix(arr1,arr2) For i = 0 To UBound(arr1) For j = 0 To 2 WScript.StdOut.Write (arr1(i,j) * arr2(i,j)) & vbTab Next WScript.StdOut.WriteLine Next End Sub  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Ludic_numbers
Ludic numbers
Ludic numbers   are related to prime numbers as they are generated by a sieve quite like the Sieve of Eratosthenes is used to generate prime numbers. The first ludic number is   1. To generate succeeding ludic numbers create an array of increasing integers starting from   2. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 ... (Loop) Take the first member of the resultant array as the next ludic number   2. Remove every   2nd   indexed item from the array (including the first). 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 ... (Unrolling a few loops...) Take the first member of the resultant array as the next ludic number   3. Remove every   3rd   indexed item from the array (including the first). 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 ... Take the first member of the resultant array as the next ludic number   5. Remove every   5th   indexed item from the array (including the first). 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 25 29 31 35 37 41 43 47 49 53 55 59 61 65 67 71 73 77 ... Take the first member of the resultant array as the next ludic number   7. Remove every   7th   indexed item from the array (including the first). 7 11 13 17 23 25 29 31 37 41 43 47 53 55 59 61 67 71 73 77 83 85 89 91 97 ... ... Take the first member of the current array as the next ludic number   L. Remove every   Lth   indexed item from the array (including the first). ... Task Generate and show here the first 25 ludic numbers. How many ludic numbers are there less than or equal to 1000? Show the 2000..2005th ludic numbers. Stretch goal Show all triplets of ludic numbers < 250. A triplet is any three numbers     x , {\displaystyle x,}   x + 2 , {\displaystyle x+2,}   x + 6 {\displaystyle x+6}     where all three numbers are also ludic numbers.
#ABAP
ABAP
CLASS lcl_ludic DEFINITION CREATE PUBLIC.   PUBLIC SECTION. TYPES: t_ludics TYPE SORTED TABLE OF i WITH UNIQUE KEY table_line. TYPES: BEGIN OF t_triplet, i1 TYPE i, i2 TYPE i, i3 TYPE i, END OF t_triplet. TYPES: t_triplets TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF t_triplet WITH EMPTY KEY.   CLASS-METHODS: ludic_up_to IMPORTING i_int TYPE i RETURNING VALUE(r_ludics) TYPE t_ludics, get_triplets IMPORTING i_ludics TYPE t_ludics RETURNING VALUE(r_triplets) TYPE t_triplets.   "RETURNING parameters (CallByValue) only used for readability of the demo "in "Real Life" you should use EXPORTING (CallByRef) for tables   ENDCLASS.   cl_demo_output=>begin_section( 'First 25 Ludics' ). cl_demo_output=>write( lcl_ludic=>ludic_up_to( 110 ) ).   cl_demo_output=>begin_section( 'Ludics up to 1000' ). cl_demo_output=>write( lines( lcl_ludic=>ludic_up_to( 1000 ) ) ).   cl_demo_output=>begin_section( '2000th - 2005th Ludics' ). DATA(ludics) = lcl_ludic=>ludic_up_to( 22000 ). cl_demo_output=>write( VALUE lcl_ludic=>t_ludics( FOR i = 2000 WHILE i <= 2005 ( ludics[ i ] ) ) ).   cl_demo_output=>begin_section( 'Triplets up to 250' ). cl_demo_output=>write( lcl_ludic=>get_triplets( lcl_ludic=>ludic_up_to( 250 ) ) ).   cl_demo_output=>display( ).   CLASS lcl_ludic IMPLEMENTATION.   METHOD ludic_up_to.   r_ludics = VALUE #( FOR i = 2 WHILE i <= i_int ( i ) ).   DATA(cursor) = 0.   WHILE cursor < lines( r_ludics ).   cursor = cursor + 1. DATA(this_ludic) = r_ludics[ cursor ]. DATA(remove_cursor) = cursor + this_ludic.   WHILE remove_cursor <= lines( r_ludics ). DELETE r_ludics INDEX remove_cursor. remove_cursor = remove_cursor + this_ludic - 1. ENDWHILE.   ENDWHILE.   INSERT 1 INTO TABLE r_ludics. "add one as the first Ludic number (per definition)   ENDMETHOD.   METHOD get_triplets.   DATA(i) = 0. WHILE i < lines( i_ludics ) - 2. i = i + 1.   DATA(this_ludic) = i_ludics[ i ]. IF line_exists( i_ludics[ table_line = this_ludic + 2 ] ) AND line_exists( i_ludics[ table_line = this_ludic + 6 ] ). r_triplets = VALUE #( BASE r_triplets ( i1 = i_ludics[ table_line = this_ludic ] i2 = i_ludics[ table_line = this_ludic + 2 ] i3 = i_ludics[ table_line = this_ludic + 6 ] ) ). ENDIF.   ENDWHILE.   ENDMETHOD.   ENDCLASS.
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Magic_8-ball
Magic 8-ball
Task Create Magic 8-Ball. See details at:   Magic 8-Ball. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff  (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
#GW-BASIC
GW-BASIC
0 DATA "It is certain.", "It is decidedly so." 20 DATA "Without a doubt.", "Yes - definitely." 30 DATA "You may rely on it.", "As I see it, yes." 40 DATA "Most likely.", "Outlook good." 50 DATA "Yes.", "Signs point to yes." 60 DATA "Reply hazy, try again.", "Ask again later." 70 DATA "Better not tell you now.", "Cannot predict now." 80 DATA "Concentrate and ask again.", "Don't count on it." 90 DATA "My reply is no.", "My sources say no." 100 DATA "Outlook not so good.", "Very doubtful." 110 DIM M8BALL$(20) 120 FOR I=0 TO 19 130 READ M8BALL$(I) 140 NEXT I 150 RANDOMIZE TIMER 160 INPUT "What would you like to know? ", Q$ 170 PRINT M8BALL$(INT(RND*20)) 180 END
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Machine_code
Machine code
The task requires poking machine code directly into memory and executing it. The machine code is the architecture-specific opcodes which have the simple task of adding two unsigned bytes together and making the result available to the high-level language. For example, the following assembly language program is given for x86 (32 bit) architectures: mov EAX, [ESP+4] add EAX, [ESP+8] ret This would translate into the following opcode bytes: 139 68 36 4 3 68 36 8 195 Or in hexadecimal: 8B 44 24 04 03 44 24 08 C3 Task If different than 32-bit x86, specify the target architecture of the machine code for your example. It may be helpful to also include an assembly version of the machine code for others to reference and understand what is being executed. Then, implement the following in your favorite programming language: Poke the necessary opcodes into a memory location. Provide a means to pass two values to the machine code. Execute the machine code with the following arguments: unsigned-byte argument of value 7; unsigned-byte argument of value 12; The result would be 19. Perform any clean up actions that are appropriate for your chosen language (free the pointer or memory allocations, etc.)
#Swift
Swift
import Foundation   typealias TwoIntsOneInt = @convention(c) (Int, Int) -> Int   let code = [ 144, // Align 144, 106, 12, // Prepare stack 184, 7, 0, 0, 0, 72, 193, 224, 32, 80, 139, 68, 36, 4, 3, 68, 36, 8, // Rosetta task code 76, 137, 227, // Get result 137, 195, 72, 193, 227, 4, 128, 203, 2, 72, 131, 196, 16, // Clean up stack 195, // Return ] as [UInt8]   func fudge(x: Int, y: Int) -> Int { let buf = mmap(nil, code.count, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANON, -1, 0)   memcpy(buf, code, code.count)   let fun = unsafeBitCast(buf, to: TwoIntsOneInt.self) let ret = fun(x, y)   munmap(buf, code.count)   return ret }   print(fudge(x: 7, y: 12))  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Machine_code
Machine code
The task requires poking machine code directly into memory and executing it. The machine code is the architecture-specific opcodes which have the simple task of adding two unsigned bytes together and making the result available to the high-level language. For example, the following assembly language program is given for x86 (32 bit) architectures: mov EAX, [ESP+4] add EAX, [ESP+8] ret This would translate into the following opcode bytes: 139 68 36 4 3 68 36 8 195 Or in hexadecimal: 8B 44 24 04 03 44 24 08 C3 Task If different than 32-bit x86, specify the target architecture of the machine code for your example. It may be helpful to also include an assembly version of the machine code for others to reference and understand what is being executed. Then, implement the following in your favorite programming language: Poke the necessary opcodes into a memory location. Provide a means to pass two values to the machine code. Execute the machine code with the following arguments: unsigned-byte argument of value 7; unsigned-byte argument of value 12; The result would be 19. Perform any clean up actions that are appropriate for your chosen language (free the pointer or memory allocations, etc.)
#Tcl
Tcl
package require critcl   critcl::ccode { #include <sys/mman.h> }   # Define a command using C. The C is embedded in Tcl, and will be # built into a shared library at runtime. Note that Tcl does not # provide a native way of doing this sort of thing; this thunk is # mandatory. critcl::cproc runMachineCode {Tcl_Obj* codeObj int a int b} int { int size, result; unsigned char *code = Tcl_GetByteArrayFromObj(codeObj, &size); void *buf;   /* copy code to executable buffer */ buf = mmap(0, (size_t) size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANON, -1, 0); memcpy(buf, code, (size_t) size); /* run code */ result = ((int (*) (int, int)) buf)(a, b); /* dispose buffer */ munmap(buf, (size_t) size);   return result; }   # But now we have our thunk, we can execute arbitrary binary blobs set code [binary format c* {0x8B 0x44 0x24 0x4 0x3 0x44 0x24 0x8 0xC3}] puts [runMachineCode $code 7 12]
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Mandelbrot_set
Mandelbrot set
Mandelbrot set You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Generate and draw the Mandelbrot set. Note that there are many algorithms to draw Mandelbrot set and there are many functions which generate it .
#Scratch
Scratch
$ include "seed7_05.s7i"; include "float.s7i"; include "complex.s7i"; include "draw.s7i"; include "keybd.s7i"; # Display the Mandelbrot set, that are points z[0] in the complex plane # for which the sequence z[n+1] := z[n] ** 2 + z[0] (n >= 0) is bounded. # Since this program is computing intensive it should be compiled with # hi comp -O2 mandelbr const integer: pix is 200; const integer: max_iter is 256; var array color: colorTable is max_iter times black; const func integer: iterate (in complex: z0) is func result var integer: iter is 1; local var complex: z is complex.value; begin z := z0; while sqrAbs(z) < 4.0 and # not diverged iter < max_iter do # not converged z *:= z; z +:= z0; incr(iter); end while; end func; const proc: displayMandelbrotSet (in complex: center, in float: zoom) is func local var integer: x is 0; var integer: y is 0; var complex: z0 is complex.value; begin for x range -pix to pix do for y range -pix to pix do z0 := center + complex(flt(x) * zoom, flt(y) * zoom); point(x + pix, y + pix, colorTable[iterate(z0)]); end for; end for; end func; const proc: main is func local const integer: num_pix is 2 * pix + 1; var integer: col is 0; begin screen(num_pix, num_pix); clear(curr_win, black); KEYBOARD := GRAPH_KEYBOARD; for col range 1 to pred(max_iter) do colorTable[col] := color(65535 - (col * 5003) mod 65535, (col * 257) mod 65535, (col * 2609) mod 65535); end for; displayMandelbrotSet(complex(-0.75, 0.0), 1.3 / flt(pix)); DRAW_FLUSH; readln(KEYBOARD); end func;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Matrix_multiplication
Matrix multiplication
Task Multiply two matrices together. They can be of any dimensions, so long as the number of columns of the first matrix is equal to the number of rows of the second matrix.
#Visual_FoxPro
Visual FoxPro
  LOCAL ARRAY a[4,2], b[2,3], c[4,3] CLOSE DATABASES ALL *!* The arrays could be created directly but I prefer to do this: CREATE CURSOR mat1 (c1 I, c2 I) CREATE CURSOR mat2 (c1 I, c2 I, c3 I) *!* Since matrix multiplication of integer arrays *!* involves only multiplication and addition, *!* the result will contain integers CREATE CURSOR result (c1 I, c2 I, c3 I) INSERT INTO mat1 VALUES (1, 2) INSERT INTO mat1 VALUES (3, 4) INSERT INTO mat1 VALUES (5, 6) INSERT INTO mat1 VALUES (7, 8) SELECT * FROM mat1 INTO ARRAY a   INSERT INTO mat2 VALUES (1, 2, 3) INSERT INTO mat2 VALUES (4, 5, 6) SELECT * FROM mat2 INTO ARRAY b STORE 0 TO c MatMult(@a,@b,@c) SELECT result APPEND FROM ARRAY c BROWSE     PROCEDURE MatMult(aa, bb, cc) LOCAL n As Integer, m As Integer, p As Integer, i As Integer, j As Integer, k As Integer IF ALEN(aa,2) = ALEN(bb,1) n = ALEN(aa,2) m = ALEN(aa,1) p = ALEN(bb,2) FOR i = 1 TO m FOR j = 1 TO p FOR k = 1 TO n cc[i,j] = cc[i,j] + aa[i,k]*bb[k,j] ENDFOR ENDFOR ENDFOR ELSE ? "Invalid dimensions" ENDIF ENDPROC  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Ludic_numbers
Ludic numbers
Ludic numbers   are related to prime numbers as they are generated by a sieve quite like the Sieve of Eratosthenes is used to generate prime numbers. The first ludic number is   1. To generate succeeding ludic numbers create an array of increasing integers starting from   2. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 ... (Loop) Take the first member of the resultant array as the next ludic number   2. Remove every   2nd   indexed item from the array (including the first). 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 ... (Unrolling a few loops...) Take the first member of the resultant array as the next ludic number   3. Remove every   3rd   indexed item from the array (including the first). 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 ... Take the first member of the resultant array as the next ludic number   5. Remove every   5th   indexed item from the array (including the first). 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 25 29 31 35 37 41 43 47 49 53 55 59 61 65 67 71 73 77 ... Take the first member of the resultant array as the next ludic number   7. Remove every   7th   indexed item from the array (including the first). 7 11 13 17 23 25 29 31 37 41 43 47 53 55 59 61 67 71 73 77 83 85 89 91 97 ... ... Take the first member of the current array as the next ludic number   L. Remove every   Lth   indexed item from the array (including the first). ... Task Generate and show here the first 25 ludic numbers. How many ludic numbers are there less than or equal to 1000? Show the 2000..2005th ludic numbers. Stretch goal Show all triplets of ludic numbers < 250. A triplet is any three numbers     x , {\displaystyle x,}   x + 2 , {\displaystyle x+2,}   x + 6 {\displaystyle x+6}     where all three numbers are also ludic numbers.
#Action.21
Action!
DEFINE NOTLUDIC="0" DEFINE LUDIC="1" DEFINE UNKNOWN="2"   PROC LudicSieve(BYTE ARRAY a INT count) INT i,j,k   SetBlock(a,count,UNKNOWN) a(0)=NOTLUDIC a(1)=LUDIC   i=2 WHILE i<count DO IF a(i)=UNKNOWN THEN a(i)=LUDIC j=i k=0 WHILE j<count DO IF a(j)=UNKNOWN THEN k==+1 IF k=i THEN a(j)=NOTLUDIC k=0 FI FI j==+1 OD FI i==+1 Poke(77,0) ;turn off the attract mode OD RETURN   PROC PrintLudicNumbers(BYTE ARRAY a INT count,first,last) INT i,j   i=1 j=0 WHILE i<count AND j<=last DO IF a(i)=LUDIC THEN IF j>=first THEN PrintI(i) Put(32) FI j==+1 FI i==+1 OD PutE() PutE() RETURN   INT FUNC CountLudicNumbers(BYTE ARRAY a INT max) INT i,res   res=0 FOR i=1 TO max DO IF a(i)=LUDIC THEN res==+1 FI OD RETURN (res)   PROC PrintLudicTriplets(BYTE ARRAY a INT max) INT i,j   j=0 FOR i=0 TO max-6 DO IF a(i)=LUDIC AND a(i+2)=LUDIC AND a(i+6)=LUDIC THEN j==+1 PrintF("%I. %I-%I-%I%E",j,i,i+2,i+6) FI OD RETURN   PROC Main() DEFINE COUNT="22000" BYTE ARRAY lud(COUNT+1) INT i,n   PrintE("Please wait...") LudicSieve(lud,COUNT+1) Put(125) PutE() ;clear the screen   PrintE("First 25 ludic numbers:") PrintLudicNumbers(lud,COUNT+1,0,24)   n=CountLudicNumbers(lud,1000) PrintF("There are %I ludic numbers <= 1000%E%E",n)   PrintE("2000'th..2005'th ludic numbers:") PrintLudicNumbers(lud,COUNT+1,1999,2004)   PrintE("Ludic triplets below 250") PrintLudicTriplets(lud,249) RETURN
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Magic_8-ball
Magic 8-ball
Task Create Magic 8-Ball. See details at:   Magic 8-Ball. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff  (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
#Haskell
Haskell
import System.Random (getStdRandom, randomR) import Control.Monad (forever)   answers :: [String] answers = [ "It is certain" , "It is decidedly so" , "Without a doubt" , "Yes, definitely" , "You may rely on it" , "As I see it, yes" , "Most likely" , "Outlook good" , "Signs point to yes" , "Yes" , "Reply hazy, try again" , "Ask again later" , "Better not tell you now" , "Cannot predict now" , "Concentrate and ask again" , "Don't bet on it" , "My reply is no" , "My sources say no" , "Outlook not so good" , "Very doubtful"]   main :: IO () main = do putStrLn "Hello. The Magic 8 Ball knows all. Type your question." forever $ do getLine n <- getStdRandom (randomR (0, pred $ length answers)) putStrLn $ answers !! n
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Machine_code
Machine code
The task requires poking machine code directly into memory and executing it. The machine code is the architecture-specific opcodes which have the simple task of adding two unsigned bytes together and making the result available to the high-level language. For example, the following assembly language program is given for x86 (32 bit) architectures: mov EAX, [ESP+4] add EAX, [ESP+8] ret This would translate into the following opcode bytes: 139 68 36 4 3 68 36 8 195 Or in hexadecimal: 8B 44 24 04 03 44 24 08 C3 Task If different than 32-bit x86, specify the target architecture of the machine code for your example. It may be helpful to also include an assembly version of the machine code for others to reference and understand what is being executed. Then, implement the following in your favorite programming language: Poke the necessary opcodes into a memory location. Provide a means to pass two values to the machine code. Execute the machine code with the following arguments: unsigned-byte argument of value 7; unsigned-byte argument of value 12; The result would be 19. Perform any clean up actions that are appropriate for your chosen language (free the pointer or memory allocations, etc.)
#Wren
Wren
/* machine_code.wren */   class C { // pass the machine code in string form to the host foreign static runMachineCode(s, a, b) }   var a = 7 var b = 12   // x64 opcodes for this task var m = [ 0x55, 0x48, 0x89, 0xe5, 0x89, 0x7d, 0xfc, 0x89, 0x75, 0xf8, 0x8b, 0x75, 0xfc, 0x03, 0x75, 0xf8, 0x89, 0x75, 0xf4, 0x8b, 0x45, 0xf4, 0x5d, 0xc3 ]   var s = m.map { |byte| String.fromByte(byte) }.join() System.print("%(a) + %(b) = %(C.runMachineCode(s, a, b))")
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Mandelbrot_set
Mandelbrot set
Mandelbrot set You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Generate and draw the Mandelbrot set. Note that there are many algorithms to draw Mandelbrot set and there are many functions which generate it .
#Seed7
Seed7
$ include "seed7_05.s7i"; include "float.s7i"; include "complex.s7i"; include "draw.s7i"; include "keybd.s7i"; # Display the Mandelbrot set, that are points z[0] in the complex plane # for which the sequence z[n+1] := z[n] ** 2 + z[0] (n >= 0) is bounded. # Since this program is computing intensive it should be compiled with # hi comp -O2 mandelbr const integer: pix is 200; const integer: max_iter is 256; var array color: colorTable is max_iter times black; const func integer: iterate (in complex: z0) is func result var integer: iter is 1; local var complex: z is complex.value; begin z := z0; while sqrAbs(z) < 4.0 and # not diverged iter < max_iter do # not converged z *:= z; z +:= z0; incr(iter); end while; end func; const proc: displayMandelbrotSet (in complex: center, in float: zoom) is func local var integer: x is 0; var integer: y is 0; var complex: z0 is complex.value; begin for x range -pix to pix do for y range -pix to pix do z0 := center + complex(flt(x) * zoom, flt(y) * zoom); point(x + pix, y + pix, colorTable[iterate(z0)]); end for; end for; end func; const proc: main is func local const integer: num_pix is 2 * pix + 1; var integer: col is 0; begin screen(num_pix, num_pix); clear(curr_win, black); KEYBOARD := GRAPH_KEYBOARD; for col range 1 to pred(max_iter) do colorTable[col] := color(65535 - (col * 5003) mod 65535, (col * 257) mod 65535, (col * 2609) mod 65535); end for; displayMandelbrotSet(complex(-0.75, 0.0), 1.3 / flt(pix)); DRAW_FLUSH; readln(KEYBOARD); end func;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Matrix_multiplication
Matrix multiplication
Task Multiply two matrices together. They can be of any dimensions, so long as the number of columns of the first matrix is equal to the number of rows of the second matrix.
#Wren
Wren
import "/matrix" for Matrix import "/fmt" for Fmt   var a = Matrix.new([ [1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6], [7, 8] ])   var b = Matrix.new([ [1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6] ])   System.print("Matrix A:\n") Fmt.mprint(a, 2, 0) System.print("\nMatrix B:\n") Fmt.mprint(b, 2, 0) System.print("\nMatrix A x B:\n") Fmt.mprint(a * b, 3, 0)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Mad_Libs
Mad Libs
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Mad Libs. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) Mad Libs is a phrasal template word game where one player prompts another for a list of words to substitute for blanks in a story, usually with funny results. Task; Write a program to create a Mad Libs like story. The program should read an arbitrary multiline story from input. The story will be terminated with a blank line. Then, find each replacement to be made within the story, ask the user for a word to replace it with, and make all the replacements. Stop when there are none left and print the final story. The input should be an arbitrary story in the form: <name> went for a walk in the park. <he or she> found a <noun>. <name> decided to take it home. Given this example, it should then ask for a name, a he or she and a noun (<name> gets replaced both times with the same value). Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff  (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
#11l
11l
V template = ‘<name> went for a walk in the park. <he or she> found a <noun>. <name> decided to take it home.’   F madlibs(template) print("The story template is:\n"template) V fields = sorted(Array(Set(re:‘<[^>]+>’.find_strings(template)))) V values = input("\nInput a comma-separated list of words to replace the following items\n #.: ".format(fields.join(‘,’))).split(‘,’) V story = template L(f, v) zip(fields, values) story = story.replace(f, v) print("\nThe story becomes:\n\n"story)   madlibs(template)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Ludic_numbers
Ludic numbers
Ludic numbers   are related to prime numbers as they are generated by a sieve quite like the Sieve of Eratosthenes is used to generate prime numbers. The first ludic number is   1. To generate succeeding ludic numbers create an array of increasing integers starting from   2. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 ... (Loop) Take the first member of the resultant array as the next ludic number   2. Remove every   2nd   indexed item from the array (including the first). 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 ... (Unrolling a few loops...) Take the first member of the resultant array as the next ludic number   3. Remove every   3rd   indexed item from the array (including the first). 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 ... Take the first member of the resultant array as the next ludic number   5. Remove every   5th   indexed item from the array (including the first). 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 25 29 31 35 37 41 43 47 49 53 55 59 61 65 67 71 73 77 ... Take the first member of the resultant array as the next ludic number   7. Remove every   7th   indexed item from the array (including the first). 7 11 13 17 23 25 29 31 37 41 43 47 53 55 59 61 67 71 73 77 83 85 89 91 97 ... ... Take the first member of the current array as the next ludic number   L. Remove every   Lth   indexed item from the array (including the first). ... Task Generate and show here the first 25 ludic numbers. How many ludic numbers are there less than or equal to 1000? Show the 2000..2005th ludic numbers. Stretch goal Show all triplets of ludic numbers < 250. A triplet is any three numbers     x , {\displaystyle x,}   x + 2 , {\displaystyle x+2,}   x + 6 {\displaystyle x+6}     where all three numbers are also ludic numbers.
#Ada
Ada
with Ada.Text_IO; with Ada.Containers.Vectors;   procedure Ludic_Numbers is   package Lucid_Lists is new Ada.Containers.Vectors (Positive, Natural); use Lucid_Lists;   List : Vector;   procedure Fill is use type Ada.Containers.Count_Type; Vec  : Vector; Lucid : Natural; Index : Positive; begin Append (List, 1);   for I in 2 .. 22_000 loop Append (Vec, I); end loop;   loop Lucid := First_Element (Vec); Append (List, Lucid);   Index := First_Index (Vec); loop Delete (Vec, Index); Index := Index + Lucid - 1; exit when Index > Last_Index (Vec); end loop;   exit when Length (Vec) <= 1; end loop;   end Fill;   procedure Put_Lucid (First, Last : in Natural) is use Ada.Text_IO; begin Put_Line ("Lucid numbers " & First'Image & " to " & Last'Image & ":"); for I in First .. Last loop Put (Natural'(List (I))'Image); end loop; New_Line; end Put_Lucid;   procedure Count_Lucid (Below : in Natural) is Count : Natural := 0; begin for Lucid of List loop if Lucid <= Below then Count := Count + 1; end if; end loop; Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line ("There are " & Count'Image & " lucid numbers <=" & Below'Image); end Count_Lucid;   procedure Find_Triplets (Limit : in Natural) is   function Is_Lucid (Value : in Natural) return Boolean is begin for X in 1 .. Limit loop if List (X) = Value then return True; end if; end loop; return False; end Is_Lucid;   use Ada.Text_IO; Index : Natural; Lucid : Natural; begin Put_Line ("All triplets of lucid numbers <" & Limit'Image); Index := First_Index (List); while List (Index) < Limit loop Lucid := List (Index); if Is_Lucid (Lucid + 2) and Is_Lucid (Lucid + 6) then Put ("("); Put (Lucid'Image); Put (Natural'(Lucid + 2)'Image); Put (Natural'(Lucid + 6)'Image); Put_Line (")"); end if; Index := Index + 1; end loop; end Find_Triplets;   begin Fill; Put_Lucid (First => 1, Last => 25); Count_Lucid (Below => 1000); Put_Lucid (First => 2000, Last => 2005); Find_Triplets (Limit => 250); end Ludic_Numbers;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Magic_8-ball
Magic 8-ball
Task Create Magic 8-Ball. See details at:   Magic 8-Ball. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff  (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
#J
J
  NB. translated from awk   prompt=: [: 1!:1 [: 1: echo   ANSWERS=: [;._2'It is certain"It is decidedly so"Without a doubt"Yes, definitely"You may rely on it"As I see it, yes"Most likely"Outlook good"Signs point to yes"Yes"Reply hazy, try again"Ask again later"Better not tell you now"Cannot predict now"Concentrate and ask again"Don''t bet on it"My reply is no"My sources say no"Outlook not so good"Very doubtful"'   eight_ball=: ANSWERS&$: :(dyad define) while. 0 < # prompt 'Please enter your question or a blank line to quit.' do. echo ({~ ?@:#) x end. )  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Magic_8-ball
Magic 8-ball
Task Create Magic 8-Ball. See details at:   Magic 8-Ball. Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff  (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
#Java
Java
  import java.util.Random; import java.util.Scanner;   public class MagicEightBall {   public static void main(String[] args) { new MagicEightBall().run(); }   private static String[] ANSWERS = new String[] {"It is certain.", "It is decidedly so.", "Without a doubt.", "Yes - definitely.", "You may rely on it.", "As I see it, yes.", "Most likely.", "Outlook good.", "Yes.", "Signs point to yes.", "Reply hazy, try again.", "Ask again later.", "Better not tell you now.", "Cannot predict now.", "Concentrate and ask again.", "Don't count on it.", "My reply is no.", "My sources say no.", "Outlook not so good.", "Very doubtful. "};   public void run() { Random random = new Random(); System.out.printf("Hello. The Magic 8 Ball knows all. Type your question.%n%n"); try ( Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in); ) { System.out.printf("? "); while ( (in.nextLine()).length() > 0 ) { System.out.printf("8 Ball Response:  %s%n", ANSWERS[random.nextInt(ANSWERS.length)]); System.out.printf("? "); } } System.out.printf("%n8 Ball Done. Bye."); } }  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Machine_code
Machine code
The task requires poking machine code directly into memory and executing it. The machine code is the architecture-specific opcodes which have the simple task of adding two unsigned bytes together and making the result available to the high-level language. For example, the following assembly language program is given for x86 (32 bit) architectures: mov EAX, [ESP+4] add EAX, [ESP+8] ret This would translate into the following opcode bytes: 139 68 36 4 3 68 36 8 195 Or in hexadecimal: 8B 44 24 04 03 44 24 08 C3 Task If different than 32-bit x86, specify the target architecture of the machine code for your example. It may be helpful to also include an assembly version of the machine code for others to reference and understand what is being executed. Then, implement the following in your favorite programming language: Poke the necessary opcodes into a memory location. Provide a means to pass two values to the machine code. Execute the machine code with the following arguments: unsigned-byte argument of value 7; unsigned-byte argument of value 12; The result would be 19. Perform any clean up actions that are appropriate for your chosen language (free the pointer or memory allocations, etc.)
#X86-64_Assembly
X86-64 Assembly
  ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; Linux Build: ;; $ uasm -elf64 mexec.asm ;; $ gcc -o mexec mexec.o -no-pie ;; With MUSL libc ;; $ musl-gcc -o mexec mexec.o -e main -nostartfiles -no-pie ;; ;; Windows Build: ;; $ uasm64 -win64 mexec.asm ;; $ link /machine:x64 /subsystem:console /release mexec.obj ;; kernel32.lib msvcrt.lib ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; option casemap:none option literals:on   WIN64 equ 1 LIN64 equ 3   ifndef __MEMEXEC_CLASS__ __MEMEXEC_CLASS__ equ 1   if @Platform eq WIN64 option dllimport:<kernel32> HeapAlloc proto fd:qword, flgs:dword, hlen:qword HeapFree proto fd:qword, flgs:dword, lpmem:qword GetProcessHeap proto ExitProcess proto uexit:word option dllimport:<msvcrt> printf proto fmt:qword, args:VARARG memcpy proto d:qword, s:qword, mlen:qword option dllimport:none exit equ ExitProcess elseif @Platform eq LIN64 malloc proto SYSTEMV len:qword free proto SYSTEMV m:qword printf proto SYSTEMV fmt:qword, args:VARARG mprotect proto SYSTEMV m:qword, s:qword, flgs:dword memcpy proto SYSTEMV d:qword, s:qword, mlen:qword exit proto SYSTEMV uexit:word   PROT_READ equ 01h PROT_WRITE equ 02h PROT_EXEC equ 04h PROT_NONE equ 00h PROT_ALL equ PROT_READ + PROT_WRITE + PROT_EXEC endif   CLASS memexec CMETHOD run ENDMETHODS buff db 048h, 089h, 0F8h ;; mov rax, rdi db 048h, 001h, 0F0h ;; add rax, rsi db 0C3h ;; ret mem dq ? ;; Memory address mlen dq 0 ;; Memory size allocated? ENDCLASS   pmemexec typedef ptr memexec   METHOD memexec, Init, <VOIDARG>, <uses rcx> local tmp:qword   mov rbx, thisPtr assume rbx:ptr memexec lea rdx, [rbx].buff invoke printf, CSTR("[mexec->Init] - bytecode addr: 0x%X",10), rdx mov tmp, rdx mov [rbx].mlen, sizeof(tmp) invoke printf, CSTR("[mexec->Init] - bytecode len: %i",10), [rbx].mlen ;; In Built memory allocator, used by the Class extention ;; Uses either HeapAlloc for windows or malloc for everything else. ;; Which is why I didn't use mmap in the first place. MEMALLOC([rbx].mlen) .if rax == -1 invoke printf, CSTR("[exec->Init->Error] - Malloc failed with -1",10) mov rax, rbx ret .endif mov [rbx].mem, rax invoke printf, CSTR("[mexec->Init] - [rbx].mem addr: 0x%X",10), [rbx].mem ;; Memory wont be executable by default from Malloc, So we make it ;; so with mprotect. Not sure about windows, Might need to use a VirtualProtect ;; call.. if @Platform eq LIN64 invoke mprotect, [rbx].mem, [rbx].mlen, PROT_ALL .if rax == -1 invoke printf, CSTR("[exec]-Init->Error] - mprotect failed with -1",10) mov rax, rbx ret .endif endif invoke printf, CSTR("[mexec->Init] Copying [rbx].buff bytecode to 0x%X",10), [rbx].mem invoke memcpy, [rbx].mem, addr [rbx].buff, [rbx].mlen .if rax == -1 invoke printf, CSTR("[mexec->Init->Error] - memcpy failed with -l",10) mov rax, rbx ret .endif mov rcx, [rbx].mem mov rax, rbx assume rbx:nothing ret ENDMETHOD   METHOD memexec, run, <VOIDARG>, <>, arg1:qword, arg2:qword mov rbx, thisPtr assume rbx:ptr memexec mov rdi, arg1 mov rsi, arg2 call [rbx].mem assume rbx:nothing ret ENDMETHOD   METHOD memexec, Destroy, <VOIDARG>, <> mov rbx, thisPtr assume rbx:ptr memexec mov [rbx].mlen, 0 MEMFREE([rbx].mem) assume rbx:nothing ret ENDMETHOD   endif ;; __MEMEXEC_CLASS__ .data a1 dq 7 a2 dq 12   .code main proc local pmem:ptr memexec   mov pmem, _NEW(memexec) pmem->run(a1,a2) invoke printf, CSTR("[pmem->run(%i, %i)] - returned: %i",10), a1, a2, rax _DELETE(pmem) invoke exit, 0 ret main endp   end  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Mandelbrot_set
Mandelbrot set
Mandelbrot set You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Generate and draw the Mandelbrot set. Note that there are many algorithms to draw Mandelbrot set and there are many functions which generate it .
#SenseTalk
SenseTalk
put 0 into oReal # Real origin put 0 into oImag # Imaginary origin put 0.5 into mag # Magnification   put oReal - .8 / mag into leftReal put oImag + .5 / mag into topImag put 1 / 200 / mag into inc   put [ (0,255,255), # aqua (0,0,255), # blue (255,0,255), # fuchsia (128,128,128), # gray (0,128,0), # green (0,255,0), # lime (128,0,0), # maroon (0,0,128), # navy (128,128,0), # olive (128,0,128), # purple (255,0,0), # red (192,192,192), # silver (0,128,128), # teal (255,255,255), # white (255,255,0) # yellow ] into colors   put "mandelbrot.ppm" into myFile   open file myFile for writing write "P3" & return to file myFile # PPM file magic number write "320 200" & return to file myFile # Width and height write "255" & return to file myFile # Max value in color channels   put topImag into cImag repeat with each item in 1 .. 200 put leftReal into cReal repeat with each item in 1 .. 320 put 0 into zReal put 0 into zImag put 0 into count put 0 into size repeat at least once until size > 2 or count = 100 put zReal squared + zImag squared * -1 into newZreal put zReal * zImag + zReal * zImag into newZimag put newZreal + cReal into zReal put newZimag + cImag into zImag put sqrt(zReal squared + zImag squared) into size add 1 to count end repeat if size > 2 then # Outside the set - colorize put item count mod 15 + 1 of colors into color write color joined by " " to file myFile write return to file myFile else # Inside the set - black write "0 0 0" & return to file myFile end if add inc to cReal end repeat subtract inc from cImag end repeat   close file myFile  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Matrix_multiplication
Matrix multiplication
Task Multiply two matrices together. They can be of any dimensions, so long as the number of columns of the first matrix is equal to the number of rows of the second matrix.
#XPL0
XPL0
proc Mat4x1Mul(M, V); \Multiply matrix M times column vector V real M, \4x4 matrix [M] * [V] -> [V] V; \column vector real W(4); \working copy of column vector int R; \row [for R:= 0 to 4-1 do W(R):= M(R,0)*V(0) + M(R,1)*V(1) + M(R,2)*V(2) + M(R,3)*V(3); for R:= 0 to 4-1 do V(R):= W(R); ];   proc Mat4x4Mul(M, N); \Multiply matrix M times matrix N real M, N; \4x4 matrices [M] * [N] -> [N] real W(4,4); \working copy of matrix N int C; \column [for C:= 0 to 4-1 do [W(0,C):= M(0,0)*N(0,C) + M(0,1)*N(1,C) + M(0,2)*N(2,C) + M(0,3)*N(3,C); W(1,C):= M(1,0)*N(0,C) + M(1,1)*N(1,C) + M(1,2)*N(2,C) + M(1,3)*N(3,C); W(2,C):= M(2,0)*N(0,C) + M(2,1)*N(1,C) + M(2,2)*N(2,C) + M(2,3)*N(3,C); W(3,C):= M(3,0)*N(0,C) + M(3,1)*N(1,C) + M(3,2)*N(2,C) + M(3,3)*N(3,C); ]; for C:= 0 to 4-1 do [N(0,C):= W(0,C); N(1,C):= W(1,C); N(2,C):= W(2,C); N(3,C):= W(3,C); ]; ];
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Mad_Libs
Mad Libs
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Mad Libs. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Rosetta Code, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU FDL. (See links for details on variance) Mad Libs is a phrasal template word game where one player prompts another for a list of words to substitute for blanks in a story, usually with funny results. Task; Write a program to create a Mad Libs like story. The program should read an arbitrary multiline story from input. The story will be terminated with a blank line. Then, find each replacement to be made within the story, ask the user for a word to replace it with, and make all the replacements. Stop when there are none left and print the final story. The input should be an arbitrary story in the form: <name> went for a walk in the park. <he or she> found a <noun>. <name> decided to take it home. Given this example, it should then ask for a name, a he or she and a noun (<name> gets replaced both times with the same value). Other tasks related to string operations: Metrics Array length String length Copy a string Empty string  (assignment) Counting Word frequency Letter frequency Jewels and stones I before E except after C Bioinformatics/base count Count occurrences of a substring Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string Remove/replace XXXX redacted Conjugate a Latin verb Remove vowels from a string String interpolation (included) Strip block comments Strip comments from a string Strip a set of characters from a string Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail Strip control codes and extended characters from a string Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling Word wheel ABC problem Sattolo cycle Knuth shuffle Ordered words Superpermutation minimisation Textonyms (using a phone text pad) Anagrams Anagrams/Deranged anagrams Permutations/Derangements Find/Search/Determine ABC words Odd words Word ladder Semordnilap Word search Wordiff  (game) String matching Tea cup rim text Alternade words Changeable words State name puzzle String comparison Unique characters Unique characters in each string Extract file extension Levenshtein distance Palindrome detection Common list elements Longest common suffix Longest common prefix Compare a list of strings Longest common substring Find common directory path Words from neighbour ones Change e letters to i in words Non-continuous subsequences Longest common subsequence Longest palindromic substrings Longest increasing subsequence Words containing "the" substring Sum of the digits of n is substring of n Determine if a string is numeric Determine if a string is collapsible Determine if a string is squeezable Determine if a string has all unique characters Determine if a string has all the same characters Longest substrings without repeating characters Find words which contains all the vowels Find words which contains most consonants Find words which contains more than 3 vowels Find words which first and last three letters are equals Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa Formatting Substring Rep-string Word wrap String case Align columns Literals/String Repeat a string Brace expansion Brace expansion using ranges Reverse a string Phrase reversals Comma quibbling Special characters String concatenation Substring/Top and tail Commatizing numbers Reverse words in a string Suffixation of decimal numbers Long literals, with continuations Numerical and alphabetical suffixes Abbreviations, easy Abbreviations, simple Abbreviations, automatic Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases Mad Libs Magic 8-ball 99 Bottles of Beer The Name Game (a song) The Old lady swallowed a fly The Twelve Days of Christmas Tokenize Text between Tokenize a string Word break problem Tokenize a string with escaping Split a character string based on change of character Sequences Show ASCII table De Bruijn sequences Self-referential sequences Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
#Ada
Ada
with Ada.Text_IO, Ada.Command_Line, String_Helper;   procedure Madlib is   use String_Helper;   Text: Vector := Get_Vector(Ada.Command_Line.Argument(1)); M, N: Natural;   begin -- search for templates and modify the text accordingly for I in Text.First_Index .. Text.Last_Index loop loop Search_Brackets(Text.Element(I), "<", ">", M, N); exit when M=0; -- "M=0" means "not found" Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line("Replacement for " & Text.Element(I)(M .. N) & "?"); declare Old: String := Text.Element(I)(M .. N); New_Word: String := Ada.Text_IO.Get_Line; begin for J in I .. Text.Last_Index loop Text.Replace_Element(J, Replace(Text.Element(J), Old, New_Word)); end loop; end; end loop; end loop;   -- write the text for I in Text.First_Index .. Text.Last_Index loop Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line(Text.Element(I)); end loop; end Madlib;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Ludic_numbers
Ludic numbers
Ludic numbers   are related to prime numbers as they are generated by a sieve quite like the Sieve of Eratosthenes is used to generate prime numbers. The first ludic number is   1. To generate succeeding ludic numbers create an array of increasing integers starting from   2. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 ... (Loop) Take the first member of the resultant array as the next ludic number   2. Remove every   2nd   indexed item from the array (including the first). 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 ... (Unrolling a few loops...) Take the first member of the resultant array as the next ludic number   3. Remove every   3rd   indexed item from the array (including the first). 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 ... Take the first member of the resultant array as the next ludic number   5. Remove every   5th   indexed item from the array (including the first). 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 25 29 31 35 37 41 43 47 49 53 55 59 61 65 67 71 73 77 ... Take the first member of the resultant array as the next ludic number   7. Remove every   7th   indexed item from the array (including the first). 7 11 13 17 23 25 29 31 37 41 43 47 53 55 59 61 67 71 73 77 83 85 89 91 97 ... ... Take the first member of the current array as the next ludic number   L. Remove every   Lth   indexed item from the array (including the first). ... Task Generate and show here the first 25 ludic numbers. How many ludic numbers are there less than or equal to 1000? Show the 2000..2005th ludic numbers. Stretch goal Show all triplets of ludic numbers < 250. A triplet is any three numbers     x , {\displaystyle x,}   x + 2 , {\displaystyle x+2,}   x + 6 {\displaystyle x+6}     where all three numbers are also ludic numbers.
#ALGOL_68
ALGOL 68
# find some Ludic numbers #   # sieve the Ludic numbers up to 30 000 # INT max number = 30 000; [ 1 : max number ]INT candidates; FOR n TO UPB candidates DO candidates[ n ] := n OD; FOR n FROM 2 TO UPB candidates OVER 2 DO IF candidates[ n ] /= 0 THEN # have a ludic number # INT number count := -1; FOR remove pos FROM n TO UPB candidates DO IF candidates[ remove pos ] /= 0 THEN # have a number we haven't elminated yet # number count +:= 1; IF number count = n THEN # this number should be removed # candidates[ remove pos ] := 0; number count := 0 FI FI OD FI OD; # show some Ludic numbers and counts # print( ( "Ludic numbers: " ) ); INT ludic count := 0; FOR n TO UPB candidates DO IF candidates[ n ] /= 0 THEN # have a ludic number # ludic count +:= 1; IF ludic count < 26 THEN # this is one of the first few Ludic numbers # print( ( " ", whole( n, 0 ) ) ); IF ludic count = 25 THEN print( ( " ...", newline ) ) FI FI; IF ludic count = 2000 THEN print( ( "Ludic numbers 2000-2005: ", whole( n, 0 ) ) ) ELIF ludic count > 2000 AND ludic count < 2006 THEN print( ( " ", whole( n, 0 ) ) ); IF ludic count = 2005 THEN print( ( newline ) ) FI FI FI; IF n = 1000 THEN # count ludic numbers up to 1000 # print( ( "There are ", whole( ludic count, 0 ), " Ludic numbers up to 1000", newline ) ) FI OD; # find the Ludic triplets below 250 # print( ( "Ludic triplets below 250:", newline ) ); FOR n TO 250 - 6 DO IF candidates[ n ] /= 0 AND candidates[ n + 2 ] /= 0 AND candidates[ n + 6 ] /= 0 THEN # have a triplet # print( ( " ", whole( n, -3 ), ", ", whole( n + 2, -3 ), ", ", whole( n + 6, -3 ), newline ) ) FI OD