task_url stringlengths 30 116 | task_name stringlengths 2 86 | task_description stringlengths 0 14.4k | language_url stringlengths 2 53 | language_name stringlengths 1 52 | code stringlengths 0 61.9k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Multisplit | Multisplit | It is often necessary to split a string into pieces
based on several different (potentially multi-character) separator strings,
while still retaining the information about which separators were present in the input.
This is particularly useful when doing small parsing tasks.
The task is to write code to demonstrate this.
The function (or procedure or method, as appropriate) should
take an input string and an ordered collection of separators.
The order of the separators is significant:
The delimiter order represents priority in matching, with the first defined delimiter having the highest priority.
In cases where there would be an ambiguity as to
which separator to use at a particular point
(e.g., because one separator is a prefix of another)
the separator with the highest priority should be used.
Delimiters can be reused and the output from the function should be an ordered sequence of substrings.
Test your code using the input string “a!===b=!=c” and the separators “==”, “!=” and “=”.
For these inputs the string should be parsed as "a" (!=) "" (==) "b" (=) "" (!=) "c", where matched delimiters are shown in parentheses, and separated strings are quoted, so our resulting output is "a", empty string, "b", empty string, "c".
Note that the quotation marks are shown for clarity and do not form part of the output.
Extra Credit: provide information that indicates which separator was matched at each separation point and where in the input string that separator was matched.
| #Icon_and_Unicon | Icon and Unicon | procedure main()
s := "a!===b=!=c"
# just list the tokens
every writes(multisplit(s,["==", "!=", "="])," ") | write()
# list tokens and indices
every ((p := "") ||:= t := multisplit(s,sep := ["==", "!=", "="])) | break write() do
if t == !sep then writes(t," (",*p+1-*t,") ") else writes(t," ")
end
procedure multisplit(s,L)
s ? while not pos(0) do {
t := =!L | 1( arb(), match(!L)|pos(0) )
suspend t
}
end
procedure arb()
suspend .&subject[.&pos:&pos <- &pos to *&subject + 1]
end |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/N-queens_problem | N-queens problem |
Solve the eight queens puzzle.
You can extend the problem to solve the puzzle with a board of size NxN.
For the number of solutions for small values of N, see OEIS: A000170.
Related tasks
A* search algorithm
Solve a Hidato puzzle
Solve a Holy Knight's tour
Knight's tour
Peaceful chess queen armies
Solve a Hopido puzzle
Solve a Numbrix puzzle
Solve the no connection puzzle
| #Arc | Arc | (def nqueens (n (o queens))
(if (< len.queens n)
(let row (if queens (+ 1 queens.0.0) 0)
(each col (range 0 (- n 1))
(let new-queens (cons (list row col) queens)
(if (no conflicts.new-queens)
(nqueens n new-queens)))))
(prn queens)))
; check if the first queen in 'queens' lies on the same column or diagonal as
; any of the others
(def conflicts (queens)
(let (curr . rest) queens
(or (let curr-column curr.1
(some curr-column (map [_ 1] rest))) ; columns
(some [diagonal-match curr _] rest))))
(def diagonal-match (curr other)
(is (abs (- curr.0 other.0))
(abs (- curr.1 other.1)))) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Named_parameters | Named parameters | Create a function which takes in a number of arguments which are specified by name rather than (necessarily) position, and show how to call the function. If the language supports reordering the arguments or optionally omitting some of them, note this.
Note:
Named parameters relies on being able to use the names given to function parameters when the function is defined, when assigning arguments when the function is called.
For example, if a function were to be defined as define func1( paramname1, paramname2); then it could be called normally as func1(argument1, argument2) and in the called function paramname1 would be associated with argument1 and paramname2 with argument2.
func1 must also be able to be called in a way that visually binds each parameter to its respective argument, irrespective of argument order, for example: func1(paramname2=argument2, paramname1=argument1) which explicitly makes the same parameter/argument bindings as before.
Named parameters are often a feature of languages used in safety critical areas such as Verilog and VHDL.
See also:
Varargs
Optional parameters
Wikipedia: Named parameter
| #Ruby | Ruby | def example(foo: 0, bar: 1, grill: "pork chops")
puts "foo is #{foo}, bar is #{bar}, and grill is #{grill}"
end
# Note that :foo is omitted and :grill precedes :bar
example(grill: "lamb kebab", bar: 3.14) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Named_parameters | Named parameters | Create a function which takes in a number of arguments which are specified by name rather than (necessarily) position, and show how to call the function. If the language supports reordering the arguments or optionally omitting some of them, note this.
Note:
Named parameters relies on being able to use the names given to function parameters when the function is defined, when assigning arguments when the function is called.
For example, if a function were to be defined as define func1( paramname1, paramname2); then it could be called normally as func1(argument1, argument2) and in the called function paramname1 would be associated with argument1 and paramname2 with argument2.
func1 must also be able to be called in a way that visually binds each parameter to its respective argument, irrespective of argument order, for example: func1(paramname2=argument2, paramname1=argument1) which explicitly makes the same parameter/argument bindings as before.
Named parameters are often a feature of languages used in safety critical areas such as Verilog and VHDL.
See also:
Varargs
Optional parameters
Wikipedia: Named parameter
| #Scala | Scala |
def add(x: Int, y: Int = 1) = x + y
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Named_parameters | Named parameters | Create a function which takes in a number of arguments which are specified by name rather than (necessarily) position, and show how to call the function. If the language supports reordering the arguments or optionally omitting some of them, note this.
Note:
Named parameters relies on being able to use the names given to function parameters when the function is defined, when assigning arguments when the function is called.
For example, if a function were to be defined as define func1( paramname1, paramname2); then it could be called normally as func1(argument1, argument2) and in the called function paramname1 would be associated with argument1 and paramname2 with argument2.
func1 must also be able to be called in a way that visually binds each parameter to its respective argument, irrespective of argument order, for example: func1(paramname2=argument2, paramname1=argument1) which explicitly makes the same parameter/argument bindings as before.
Named parameters are often a feature of languages used in safety critical areas such as Verilog and VHDL.
See also:
Varargs
Optional parameters
Wikipedia: Named parameter
| #Scheme | Scheme |
(define (keyarg-parser argdefs args kont)
(apply kont
(map (lambda (argdef)
(let loop ((args args))
(cond ((null? args)
(cadr argdef))
((eq? (car argdef) (car args))
(cadr args))
(else
(loop (cdr args))))))
argdefs)))
(define (print-name . args)
(keyarg-parser '((first #f)(last "?"))
args
(lambda (first last)
(display last)
(cond (first
(display ", ")
(display first)))
(newline))))
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Nth_root | Nth root | Task
Implement the algorithm to compute the principal nth root
A
n
{\displaystyle {\sqrt[{n}]{A}}}
of a positive real number A, as explained at the Wikipedia page.
| #langur | langur | writeln "operator"
writeln( (7131.5 ^ 10) ^/ 10 )
writeln 64 ^/ 6
writeln()
# To make the example from the D language work, we set a low maximum for the number of digits after a decimal point in division.
mode divMaxScale = 7
val .nthroot = f(.n, .A, .p) {
var .x = [.A, .A / .n]
while abs(.x[2]-.x[1]) > .p {
.x = [.x[2], ((.n-1) x .x[2] + .A / (.x[2] ^ (.n-1))) / .n]
}
simplify .x[2]
}
writeln "calculation"
writeln .nthroot(10, 7131.5 ^ 10, 0.001)
writeln .nthroot(6, 64, 0.001) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/N%27th | N'th | Write a function/method/subroutine/... that when given an integer greater than or equal to zero returns a string of the number followed by an apostrophe then the ordinal suffix.
Example
Returns would include 1'st 2'nd 3'rd 11'th 111'th 1001'st 1012'th
Task
Use your routine to show here the output for at least the following (inclusive) ranges of integer inputs:
0..25, 250..265, 1000..1025
Note: apostrophes are now optional to allow correct apostrophe-less English.
| #Crystal | Crystal | struct Int
def ordinalize
num = self.abs
ordinal = if (11..13).includes?(num % 100)
"th"
else
case num % 10
when 1; "st"
when 2; "nd"
when 3; "rd"
else "th"
end
end
"#{self}#{ordinal}"
end
end
[(0..25),(250..265),(1000..1025)].each{|r| puts r.map{ |n| n.ordinalize }.join(", "); puts}
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Convert | Non-decimal radices/Convert | Number base conversion is when you express a stored integer in an integer base, such as in octal (base 8) or binary (base 2). It also is involved when you take a string representing a number in a given base and convert it to the stored integer form. Normally, a stored integer is in binary, but that's typically invisible to the user, who normally enters or sees stored integers as decimal.
Task
Write a function (or identify the built-in function) which is passed a non-negative integer to convert, and another integer representing the base.
It should return a string containing the digits of the resulting number, without leading zeros except for the number 0 itself.
For the digits beyond 9, one should use the lowercase English alphabet, where the digit a = 9+1, b = a+1, etc.
For example: the decimal number 26 expressed in base 16 would be 1a.
Write a second function which is passed a string and an integer base, and it returns an integer representing that string interpreted in that base.
The programs may be limited by the word size or other such constraint of a given language. There is no need to do error checking for negatives, bases less than 2, or inappropriate digits.
| #PHP | PHP | base_convert("26", 10, 16); // returns "1a" |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Convert | Non-decimal radices/Convert | Number base conversion is when you express a stored integer in an integer base, such as in octal (base 8) or binary (base 2). It also is involved when you take a string representing a number in a given base and convert it to the stored integer form. Normally, a stored integer is in binary, but that's typically invisible to the user, who normally enters or sees stored integers as decimal.
Task
Write a function (or identify the built-in function) which is passed a non-negative integer to convert, and another integer representing the base.
It should return a string containing the digits of the resulting number, without leading zeros except for the number 0 itself.
For the digits beyond 9, one should use the lowercase English alphabet, where the digit a = 9+1, b = a+1, etc.
For example: the decimal number 26 expressed in base 16 would be 1a.
Write a second function which is passed a string and an integer base, and it returns an integer representing that string interpreted in that base.
The programs may be limited by the word size or other such constraint of a given language. There is no need to do error checking for negatives, bases less than 2, or inappropriate digits.
| #PicoLisp | PicoLisp | (de numToString (N Base)
(default Base 10)
(let L NIL
(loop
(let C (% N Base)
(and (> C 9) (inc 'C 39))
(push 'L (char (+ C `(char "0")))) )
(T (=0 (setq N (/ N Base)))) )
(pack L) ) )
(de stringToNum (S Base)
(default Base 10)
(let N 0
(for C (chop S)
(when (> (setq C (- (char C) `(char "0"))) 9)
(dec 'C 39) )
(setq N (+ C (* N Base))) )
N ) )
(prinl (numToString 26 16))
(prinl (stringToNum "1a" 16))
(prinl (numToString 123456789012345678901234567890 36)) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Narcissistic_decimal_number | Narcissistic decimal number | A Narcissistic decimal number is a non-negative integer,
n
{\displaystyle n}
, that is equal to the sum of the
m
{\displaystyle m}
-th powers of each of the digits in the decimal representation of
n
{\displaystyle n}
, where
m
{\displaystyle m}
is the number of digits in the decimal representation of
n
{\displaystyle n}
.
Narcissistic (decimal) numbers are sometimes called Armstrong numbers, named after Michael F. Armstrong.
They are also known as Plus Perfect numbers.
An example
if
n
{\displaystyle n}
is 153
then
m
{\displaystyle m}
, (the number of decimal digits) is 3
we have 13 + 53 + 33 = 1 + 125 + 27 = 153
and so 153 is a narcissistic decimal number
Task
Generate and show here the first 25 narcissistic decimal numbers.
Note:
0
1
=
0
{\displaystyle 0^{1}=0}
, the first in the series.
See also
the OEIS entry: Armstrong (or Plus Perfect, or narcissistic) numbers.
MathWorld entry: Narcissistic Number.
Wikipedia entry: Narcissistic number.
| #jq | jq | def is_narcissistic:
def digits: tostring | explode[] | [.] | implode | tonumber;
def pow(n): . as $x | reduce range(0;n) as $i (1; . * $x);
(tostring | length) as $len
| . == reduce digits as $d (0; . + ($d | pow($len)) )
end; |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Narcissistic_decimal_number | Narcissistic decimal number | A Narcissistic decimal number is a non-negative integer,
n
{\displaystyle n}
, that is equal to the sum of the
m
{\displaystyle m}
-th powers of each of the digits in the decimal representation of
n
{\displaystyle n}
, where
m
{\displaystyle m}
is the number of digits in the decimal representation of
n
{\displaystyle n}
.
Narcissistic (decimal) numbers are sometimes called Armstrong numbers, named after Michael F. Armstrong.
They are also known as Plus Perfect numbers.
An example
if
n
{\displaystyle n}
is 153
then
m
{\displaystyle m}
, (the number of decimal digits) is 3
we have 13 + 53 + 33 = 1 + 125 + 27 = 153
and so 153 is a narcissistic decimal number
Task
Generate and show here the first 25 narcissistic decimal numbers.
Note:
0
1
=
0
{\displaystyle 0^{1}=0}
, the first in the series.
See also
the OEIS entry: Armstrong (or Plus Perfect, or narcissistic) numbers.
MathWorld entry: Narcissistic Number.
Wikipedia entry: Narcissistic number.
| #Julia | Julia | using Printf # for Julia version 1.0+
function isnarcissist(n, b=10)
-1 < n || return false
d = digits(n, base=b)
m = length(d)
n == mapreduce((x)->x^m, +, d)
end
function findnarcissist(verbose=false)
goal = 25
ncnt = 0
verbose && println("Finding the first ", goal, " Narcissistic numbers:")
for i in 0:typemax(1)
isnarcissist(i) || continue
ncnt += 1
verbose && println(@sprintf " %2d %7d" ncnt i)
ncnt < goal || break
end
end
findnarcissist()
@time findnarcissist(true)
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Munching_squares | Munching squares | Render a graphical pattern where each pixel is colored by the value of 'x xor y' from an arbitrary color table.
| #Octave | Octave | size = 256;
[x,y] = meshgrid([0:size-1]);
c = bitxor(x,y);
colormap(jet(size));
image(c);
axis equal; |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Munching_squares | Munching squares | Render a graphical pattern where each pixel is colored by the value of 'x xor y' from an arbitrary color table.
| #Perl | Perl | use GD;
my $img = new GD::Image(256, 256, 1);
for my $y(0..255) {
for my $x(0..255) {
my $color = $img->colorAllocate( abs(255 - $x - $y), (255-$x) ^ $y , $x ^ (255-$y));
$img->setPixel($x, $y, $color);
}
}
print $img->png |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Munchausen_numbers | Munchausen numbers | A Munchausen number is a natural number n the sum of whose digits (in base 10), each raised to the power of itself, equals n.
(Munchausen is also spelled: Münchhausen.)
For instance: 3435 = 33 + 44 + 33 + 55
Task
Find all Munchausen numbers between 1 and 5000.
Also see
The OEIS entry: A046253
The Wikipedia entry: Perfect digit-to-digit invariant, redirected from Munchausen Number
| #CLU | CLU | digits = iter (n: int) yields (int)
while n>0 do
yield(n//10)
n := n/10
end
end digits
munchausen = proc (n: int) returns (bool)
k: int := 0
for d: int in digits(n) do
% Note: 0^0 is to be regarded as 0
if d~=0 then k := k + d ** d end
end
return(n = k)
end munchausen
start_up = proc ()
po: stream := stream$primary_output()
for i: int in int$from_to(1,5000) do
if munchausen(i) then stream$putl(po, int$unparse(i)) end
end
end start_up |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Mutual_recursion | Mutual recursion | Two functions are said to be mutually recursive if the first calls the second,
and in turn the second calls the first.
Write two mutually recursive functions that compute members of the Hofstadter Female and Male sequences defined as:
F
(
0
)
=
1
;
M
(
0
)
=
0
F
(
n
)
=
n
−
M
(
F
(
n
−
1
)
)
,
n
>
0
M
(
n
)
=
n
−
F
(
M
(
n
−
1
)
)
,
n
>
0.
{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}F(0)&=1\ ;\ M(0)=0\\F(n)&=n-M(F(n-1)),\quad n>0\\M(n)&=n-F(M(n-1)),\quad n>0.\end{aligned}}}
(If a language does not allow for a solution using mutually recursive functions
then state this rather than give a solution by other means).
| #C | C | #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
/* let us declare our functions; indeed here we need
really only M declaration, so that F can "see" it
and the compiler won't complain with a warning */
int F(const int n);
int M(const int n);
int F(const int n)
{
return (n == 0) ? 1 : n - M(F(n - 1));
}
int M(const int n)
{
return (n == 0) ? 0 : n - F(M(n - 1));
}
int main(void)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 20; i++)
printf("%2d ", F(i));
printf("\n");
for (i = 0; i < 20; i++)
printf("%2d ", M(i));
printf("\n");
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Musical_scale | Musical scale | Task
Output the 8 notes of the C major diatonic scale to the default musical sound device on the system. Specifically, pitch must be tuned to 12-tone equal temperament (12TET) with the modern standard A=440Hz.
These are the notes "C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C(1 octave higher)", or "Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Si/Ti, Do(1 octave higher)" on Fixed do Solfège.
For the purpose of this task, Middle C (in the case of the above tuning, around 261.63 Hz) should be used as the starting note, and any note duration is allowed.
For languages that cannot utilize a sound device, it is permissible to output to a musical score sheet (or midi file), or the task can be omitted.
| #Ursa | Ursa | decl double<> notes
append 261.63 293.66 329.63 349.23 392.00 440.00 493.88 523.25 notes
for (decl int i) (< i (size notes)) (inc i)
ursa.util.sound.beep notes<i> 0.5
end for |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Musical_scale | Musical scale | Task
Output the 8 notes of the C major diatonic scale to the default musical sound device on the system. Specifically, pitch must be tuned to 12-tone equal temperament (12TET) with the modern standard A=440Hz.
These are the notes "C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C(1 octave higher)", or "Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Si/Ti, Do(1 octave higher)" on Fixed do Solfège.
For the purpose of this task, Middle C (in the case of the above tuning, around 261.63 Hz) should be used as the starting note, and any note duration is allowed.
For languages that cannot utilize a sound device, it is permissible to output to a musical score sheet (or midi file), or the task can be omitted.
| #VBA | VBA | Option Explicit
Declare Function Beep Lib "kernel32" (ByVal Freq As Long, ByVal Dur As Long) As Long
Sub Musical_Scale()
Dim Fqs, i As Integer
Fqs = Array(264, 297, 330, 352, 396, 440, 495, 528)
For i = LBound(Fqs) To UBound(Fqs)
Beep Fqs(i), 500
Next
End Sub |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Multisplit | Multisplit | It is often necessary to split a string into pieces
based on several different (potentially multi-character) separator strings,
while still retaining the information about which separators were present in the input.
This is particularly useful when doing small parsing tasks.
The task is to write code to demonstrate this.
The function (or procedure or method, as appropriate) should
take an input string and an ordered collection of separators.
The order of the separators is significant:
The delimiter order represents priority in matching, with the first defined delimiter having the highest priority.
In cases where there would be an ambiguity as to
which separator to use at a particular point
(e.g., because one separator is a prefix of another)
the separator with the highest priority should be used.
Delimiters can be reused and the output from the function should be an ordered sequence of substrings.
Test your code using the input string “a!===b=!=c” and the separators “==”, “!=” and “=”.
For these inputs the string should be parsed as "a" (!=) "" (==) "b" (=) "" (!=) "c", where matched delimiters are shown in parentheses, and separated strings are quoted, so our resulting output is "a", empty string, "b", empty string, "c".
Note that the quotation marks are shown for clarity and do not form part of the output.
Extra Credit: provide information that indicates which separator was matched at each separation point and where in the input string that separator was matched.
| #J | J | multisplit=: 4 :0
'sep begin'=. |: t=. y /:~&.:(|."1)@;@(i.@#@[ ,.L:0"0 I.@E.L:0) x
end=. begin + sep { #@>y
last=. next=. 0
r=. 2 0$0
while. next<#begin do.
r=. r,.(last}.x{.~next{begin);next{t
last=. next{end
next=. 1 i.~(begin>next{begin)*.begin>:last
end.
r=. r,.'';~last}.x
) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/N-queens_problem | N-queens problem |
Solve the eight queens puzzle.
You can extend the problem to solve the puzzle with a board of size NxN.
For the number of solutions for small values of N, see OEIS: A000170.
Related tasks
A* search algorithm
Solve a Hidato puzzle
Solve a Holy Knight's tour
Knight's tour
Peaceful chess queen armies
Solve a Hopido puzzle
Solve a Numbrix puzzle
Solve the no connection puzzle
| #Arturo | Arturo | result: new []
queens: function [n, i, a, b, c][
if? i < n [
loop 1..n 'j [
if all? @[
not? contains? a j
not? contains? b i+j
not? contains? c i-j
] ->
queens n, i+1, a ++ @[j], b ++ @[i+j], c ++ @[i-j]
]
]
else [
if n = size a ->
'result ++ @[a]
]
]
BoardSize: 6
queens BoardSize, 0, [], [], []
loop result 'solution [
loop solution 'col [
line: new repeat "-" BoardSize
line\[col-1]: `Q`
print line
]
print ""
] |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Named_parameters | Named parameters | Create a function which takes in a number of arguments which are specified by name rather than (necessarily) position, and show how to call the function. If the language supports reordering the arguments or optionally omitting some of them, note this.
Note:
Named parameters relies on being able to use the names given to function parameters when the function is defined, when assigning arguments when the function is called.
For example, if a function were to be defined as define func1( paramname1, paramname2); then it could be called normally as func1(argument1, argument2) and in the called function paramname1 would be associated with argument1 and paramname2 with argument2.
func1 must also be able to be called in a way that visually binds each parameter to its respective argument, irrespective of argument order, for example: func1(paramname2=argument2, paramname1=argument1) which explicitly makes the same parameter/argument bindings as before.
Named parameters are often a feature of languages used in safety critical areas such as Verilog and VHDL.
See also:
Varargs
Optional parameters
Wikipedia: Named parameter
| #SenseTalk | SenseTalk | introduce "Mary"
introduce "Pablo", "Hola"
introduce greeting:"Bonjour", name:"Brigitte" by name
to introduce name, greeting:"Hello"
put greeting && name
end introduce
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Named_parameters | Named parameters | Create a function which takes in a number of arguments which are specified by name rather than (necessarily) position, and show how to call the function. If the language supports reordering the arguments or optionally omitting some of them, note this.
Note:
Named parameters relies on being able to use the names given to function parameters when the function is defined, when assigning arguments when the function is called.
For example, if a function were to be defined as define func1( paramname1, paramname2); then it could be called normally as func1(argument1, argument2) and in the called function paramname1 would be associated with argument1 and paramname2 with argument2.
func1 must also be able to be called in a way that visually binds each parameter to its respective argument, irrespective of argument order, for example: func1(paramname2=argument2, paramname1=argument1) which explicitly makes the same parameter/argument bindings as before.
Named parameters are often a feature of languages used in safety critical areas such as Verilog and VHDL.
See also:
Varargs
Optional parameters
Wikipedia: Named parameter
| #Sidef | Sidef | func example(foo: 0, bar: 1, grill: "pork chops") {
say "foo is #{foo}, bar is #{bar}, and grill is #{grill}";
}
# Note that :foo is omitted and :grill precedes :bar
example(grill: "lamb kebab", bar: 3.14); |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Named_parameters | Named parameters | Create a function which takes in a number of arguments which are specified by name rather than (necessarily) position, and show how to call the function. If the language supports reordering the arguments or optionally omitting some of them, note this.
Note:
Named parameters relies on being able to use the names given to function parameters when the function is defined, when assigning arguments when the function is called.
For example, if a function were to be defined as define func1( paramname1, paramname2); then it could be called normally as func1(argument1, argument2) and in the called function paramname1 would be associated with argument1 and paramname2 with argument2.
func1 must also be able to be called in a way that visually binds each parameter to its respective argument, irrespective of argument order, for example: func1(paramname2=argument2, paramname1=argument1) which explicitly makes the same parameter/argument bindings as before.
Named parameters are often a feature of languages used in safety critical areas such as Verilog and VHDL.
See also:
Varargs
Optional parameters
Wikipedia: Named parameter
| #Smalltalk | Smalltalk | Object subclass: AnotherClass [
"..."
initWithArray: anArray [ "single argument" ]
initWithArray: anArray andString: aString [
"two args; these two methods in usage resemble
a named argument, with optional andString argument"
]
"..."
] |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Nth_root | Nth root | Task
Implement the algorithm to compute the principal nth root
A
n
{\displaystyle {\sqrt[{n}]{A}}}
of a positive real number A, as explained at the Wikipedia page.
| #Liberty_BASIC | Liberty BASIC |
print "First estimate is: ", using( "#.###############", NthRoot( 125, 5642, 0.001 ));
print " ... and better is: ", using( "#.###############", NthRoot( 125, 5642, 0.00001))
print "125'th root of 5642 by LB's exponentiation operator is "; using( "#.###############", 5642^(1 /125))
print "27^(1 / 3)", using( "#.###############", NthRoot( 3, 27, 0.00001))
print "2^(1 / 2)", using( "#.###############", NthRoot( 2, 2, 0.00001))
print "1024^(1 /10)", using( "#.###############", NthRoot( 10, 1024, 0.00001))
wait
function NthRoot( n, A, p)
x( 0) =A
x( 1) =A /n
while abs( x( 1) -x( 0)) >p
x( 0) =x( 1)
x( 1) =( ( n -1.0) *x( 1) +A /x( 1)^( n -1.0)) /n
wend
NthRoot =x( 1)
end function
end
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/N%27th | N'th | Write a function/method/subroutine/... that when given an integer greater than or equal to zero returns a string of the number followed by an apostrophe then the ordinal suffix.
Example
Returns would include 1'st 2'nd 3'rd 11'th 111'th 1001'st 1012'th
Task
Use your routine to show here the output for at least the following (inclusive) ranges of integer inputs:
0..25, 250..265, 1000..1025
Note: apostrophes are now optional to allow correct apostrophe-less English.
| #D | D | import std.stdio, std.string, std.range, std.algorithm;
string nth(in uint n) pure {
static immutable suffix = "th st nd rd th th th th th th".split;
return "%d'%s".format(n, (n % 100 <= 10 || n % 100 > 20) ?
suffix[n % 10] : "th");
}
void main() {
foreach (r; [iota(26), iota(250, 266), iota(1000, 1026)])
writefln("%-(%s %)", r.map!nth);
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Convert | Non-decimal radices/Convert | Number base conversion is when you express a stored integer in an integer base, such as in octal (base 8) or binary (base 2). It also is involved when you take a string representing a number in a given base and convert it to the stored integer form. Normally, a stored integer is in binary, but that's typically invisible to the user, who normally enters or sees stored integers as decimal.
Task
Write a function (or identify the built-in function) which is passed a non-negative integer to convert, and another integer representing the base.
It should return a string containing the digits of the resulting number, without leading zeros except for the number 0 itself.
For the digits beyond 9, one should use the lowercase English alphabet, where the digit a = 9+1, b = a+1, etc.
For example: the decimal number 26 expressed in base 16 would be 1a.
Write a second function which is passed a string and an integer base, and it returns an integer representing that string interpreted in that base.
The programs may be limited by the word size or other such constraint of a given language. There is no need to do error checking for negatives, bases less than 2, or inappropriate digits.
| #PL.2FI | PL/I |
convert: procedure (N, base) returns (character (64) varying) recursive;
declare N fixed binary (31), base fixed binary;
declare table (0:15) character (
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7',
'8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f');
declare s character (64) varying;
if N = 0 then return ('');
s = convert(N/base, base);
return (s || table(mod(N, base)) );
end convert;
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Convert | Non-decimal radices/Convert | Number base conversion is when you express a stored integer in an integer base, such as in octal (base 8) or binary (base 2). It also is involved when you take a string representing a number in a given base and convert it to the stored integer form. Normally, a stored integer is in binary, but that's typically invisible to the user, who normally enters or sees stored integers as decimal.
Task
Write a function (or identify the built-in function) which is passed a non-negative integer to convert, and another integer representing the base.
It should return a string containing the digits of the resulting number, without leading zeros except for the number 0 itself.
For the digits beyond 9, one should use the lowercase English alphabet, where the digit a = 9+1, b = a+1, etc.
For example: the decimal number 26 expressed in base 16 would be 1a.
Write a second function which is passed a string and an integer base, and it returns an integer representing that string interpreted in that base.
The programs may be limited by the word size or other such constraint of a given language. There is no need to do error checking for negatives, bases less than 2, or inappropriate digits.
| #PL.2FM | PL/M | 100H:
/* CONVERT A NUMBER TO A GIVEN BASE */
TO$BASE: PROCEDURE (N, BASE, BUF) ADDRESS;
DECLARE (N, BUF, I, J, K) ADDRESS;
DECLARE (D, BASE, STR BASED BUF) BYTE;
/* GENERATE DIGITS */
I = 0;
DIGIT:
D = N MOD BASE;
N = N / BASE;
IF D < 10 THEN STR(I) = D + '0';
ELSE STR(I) = (D - 10) + 'A';
I = I + 1;
IF N > 0 THEN GO TO DIGIT;
/* PUT DIGITS IN HIGH-ENDIAN ORDER */
J = 0;
K = I-1;
DO WHILE (J < K);
D = STR(K);
STR(K) = STR(J);
STR(J) = D;
K = K-1;
J = J+1;
END;
STR(I) = '$';
RETURN BUF;
END TO$BASE;
/* READ A NUMBER IN A GIVEN BASE */
FROM$BASE: PROCEDURE (BUF, BASE) ADDRESS;
DECLARE (BUF, RESULT) ADDRESS;
DECLARE (D, BASE, CHAR BASED BUF) BYTE;
RESULT = 0;
DO WHILE CHAR <> '$';
D = CHAR - '0';
IF D >= 10 THEN D = D - ('A' - '0') + 10;
RESULT = (RESULT * BASE) + D;
BUF = BUF + 1;
END;
RETURN RESULT;
END FROM$BASE;
/* CP/M BDOS ROUTINES */
BDOS: PROCEDURE (F,A); DECLARE F BYTE, A ADDRESS; GO TO 5; END BDOS;
EXIT: PROCEDURE; CALL BDOS(0,0); END EXIT;
PRINT: PROCEDURE (S); DECLARE S ADDRESS; CALL BDOS(9,S); END PRINT;
CRLF: PROCEDURE; CALL PRINT(.(13,10,'$')); END CRLF;
/* EXAMPLES */
DECLARE I BYTE, N ADDRESS;
CALL PRINT(.'1234 IN BASES 2-36: $'); CALL CRLF;
DO I=2 TO 36;
CALL PRINT(.'BASE $');
CALL PRINT(TO$BASE(I, 10, .MEMORY));
CALL PRINT(.(': ',9,'$'));
CALL PRINT(TO$BASE(1234, I, .MEMORY));
CALL CRLF;
END;
CALL PRINT(.'''25'' IN BASES 10-36: $'); CALL CRLF;
DO I=10 TO 36;
CALL PRINT(.'BASE $');
CALL PRINT(TO$BASE(I, 10, .MEMORY));
CALL PRINT(.(':',9,'$'));
N = FROM$BASE(.'25$', I);
CALL PRINT(TO$BASE(N, 10, .MEMORY));
CALL CRLF;
END;
CALL EXIT;
EOF |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Narcissistic_decimal_number | Narcissistic decimal number | A Narcissistic decimal number is a non-negative integer,
n
{\displaystyle n}
, that is equal to the sum of the
m
{\displaystyle m}
-th powers of each of the digits in the decimal representation of
n
{\displaystyle n}
, where
m
{\displaystyle m}
is the number of digits in the decimal representation of
n
{\displaystyle n}
.
Narcissistic (decimal) numbers are sometimes called Armstrong numbers, named after Michael F. Armstrong.
They are also known as Plus Perfect numbers.
An example
if
n
{\displaystyle n}
is 153
then
m
{\displaystyle m}
, (the number of decimal digits) is 3
we have 13 + 53 + 33 = 1 + 125 + 27 = 153
and so 153 is a narcissistic decimal number
Task
Generate and show here the first 25 narcissistic decimal numbers.
Note:
0
1
=
0
{\displaystyle 0^{1}=0}
, the first in the series.
See also
the OEIS entry: Armstrong (or Plus Perfect, or narcissistic) numbers.
MathWorld entry: Narcissistic Number.
Wikipedia entry: Narcissistic number.
| #Kotlin | Kotlin | // version 1.1.0
fun isNarcissistic(n: Int): Boolean {
if (n < 0) throw IllegalArgumentException("Argument must be non-negative")
var nn = n
val digits = mutableListOf<Int>()
val powers = IntArray(10) { 1 }
while (nn > 0) {
digits.add(nn % 10)
for (i in 1..9) powers[i] *= i // no need to calculate powers[0]
nn /= 10
}
val sum = digits.filter { it > 0 }.map { powers[it] }.sum()
return n == sum
}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
println("The first 25 narcissistic (or Armstrong) numbers are:")
var i = 0
var count = 0
do {
if (isNarcissistic(i)) {
print("$i ")
count++
}
i++
}
while (count < 25)
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Munching_squares | Munching squares | Render a graphical pattern where each pixel is colored by the value of 'x xor y' from an arbitrary color table.
| #Phix | Phix | --
-- demo\rosetta\Munching_squares.exw
-- =================================
--
with javascript_semantics
include pGUI.e
Ihandle dlg, canvas
cdCanvas cddbuffer, cdcanvas
function redraw_cb(Ihandle /*ih*/, integer /*posx*/, /*posy*/)
integer {width, height} = IupGetIntInt(canvas, "DRAWSIZE")
cdCanvasActivate(cddbuffer)
for y=0 to height-1 do
for x=0 to width-1 do
cdCanvasPixel(cddbuffer, x, y, xor_bits(x,y))
end for
end for
cdCanvasFlush(cddbuffer)
return IUP_DEFAULT
end function
function map_cb(Ihandle ih)
cdcanvas = cdCreateCanvas(CD_IUP, ih)
cddbuffer = cdCreateCanvas(CD_DBUFFER, cdcanvas)
cdCanvasSetBackground(cddbuffer, CD_WHITE)
cdCanvasSetForeground(cddbuffer, CD_RED)
return IUP_DEFAULT
end function
procedure main()
IupOpen()
canvas = IupCanvas("RASTERSIZE=250x250")
IupSetCallbacks(canvas, {"MAP_CB", Icallback("map_cb"),
"ACTION", Icallback("redraw_cb")})
dlg = IupDialog(canvas, `TITLE="Munching squares",RESIZE=NO`)
IupShow(dlg)
if platform()!=JS then
IupMainLoop()
IupClose()
end if
end procedure
main()
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Munchausen_numbers | Munchausen numbers | A Munchausen number is a natural number n the sum of whose digits (in base 10), each raised to the power of itself, equals n.
(Munchausen is also spelled: Münchhausen.)
For instance: 3435 = 33 + 44 + 33 + 55
Task
Find all Munchausen numbers between 1 and 5000.
Also see
The OEIS entry: A046253
The Wikipedia entry: Perfect digit-to-digit invariant, redirected from Munchausen Number
| #Common_Lisp | Common Lisp |
;;; check4munch maximum &optional b
;;; Return a list with all Munchausen numbers less then or equal to maximum.
;;; Checks are done in base b (<=10, dpower is the limiting factor here).
(defun check4munch (maximum &optional (base 10))
(do ((n 1 (1+ n))
(result NIL (if (munchp n base) (cons n result) result)))
((> n maximum)
(nreverse result))))
;;;
;;; munchp n &optional b
;;; Return T if n is a Munchausen number in base b.
(defun munchp (n &optional (base 10))
(if (= n (apply #'+ (mapcar #'dpower (n2base n base)))) T NIL))
;;; dpower d
;;; Returns d^d. I.e. the digit to the power of itself.
;;; 0^0 is set to 0. For discussion see e.g. the wikipedia entry.
;;; This function is mainly performance optimization.
(defun dpower (d)
(aref #(0 1 4 27 256 3125 45556 823543 16777216 387420489) d))
;;; divmod a b
;;; Return (q,k) such that a = b*q + k and k>=0.
(defun divmod (a b)
(let ((foo (mod a b)))
(list (/ (- a foo) b) foo)))
;;; n2base n &optional b
;;; Return a list with the digits of n in base b representation.
(defun n2base (n &optional (base 10) (digits NIL))
(if (zerop n) digits
(let ((dm (divmod n base)))
(n2base (car dm) base (cons (cadr dm) digits)))))
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Mutual_recursion | Mutual recursion | Two functions are said to be mutually recursive if the first calls the second,
and in turn the second calls the first.
Write two mutually recursive functions that compute members of the Hofstadter Female and Male sequences defined as:
F
(
0
)
=
1
;
M
(
0
)
=
0
F
(
n
)
=
n
−
M
(
F
(
n
−
1
)
)
,
n
>
0
M
(
n
)
=
n
−
F
(
M
(
n
−
1
)
)
,
n
>
0.
{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}F(0)&=1\ ;\ M(0)=0\\F(n)&=n-M(F(n-1)),\quad n>0\\M(n)&=n-F(M(n-1)),\quad n>0.\end{aligned}}}
(If a language does not allow for a solution using mutually recursive functions
then state this rather than give a solution by other means).
| #C.23 | C# | namespace RosettaCode {
class Hofstadter {
static public int F(int n) {
int result = 1;
if (n > 0) {
result = n - M(F(n-1));
}
return result;
}
static public int M(int n) {
int result = 0;
if (n > 0) {
result = n - F(M(n - 1));
}
return result;
}
}
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Musical_scale | Musical scale | Task
Output the 8 notes of the C major diatonic scale to the default musical sound device on the system. Specifically, pitch must be tuned to 12-tone equal temperament (12TET) with the modern standard A=440Hz.
These are the notes "C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C(1 octave higher)", or "Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Si/Ti, Do(1 octave higher)" on Fixed do Solfège.
For the purpose of this task, Middle C (in the case of the above tuning, around 261.63 Hz) should be used as the starting note, and any note duration is allowed.
For languages that cannot utilize a sound device, it is permissible to output to a musical score sheet (or midi file), or the task can be omitted.
| #Vlang | Vlang | import strings
import os
import encoding.binary
import math
const (
sample_rate = 44100
duration = 8
data_length = sample_rate * duration
hdr_size = 44
file_len = data_length + hdr_size - 8
)
fn main() {
// buffers
mut buf1 := []byte{len:1}
mut buf2 := []byte{len:2}
mut buf4 := []byte{len:4}
// WAV header
mut sb := strings.new_builder(128)
sb.write_string("RIFF")
binary.little_endian_put_u32(mut &buf4, file_len)
sb.write(buf4)? // file size - 8
sb.write_string("WAVE")
sb.write_string("fmt ")
binary.little_endian_put_u32(mut &buf4, 16)
sb.write(buf4)? // length of format data (= 16)
binary.little_endian_put_u16(mut &buf2, 1)
sb.write(buf2)? // type of format (= 1 (PCM))
sb.write(buf2)? // number of channels (= 1)
binary.little_endian_put_u32(mut &buf4, sample_rate)
sb.write(buf4)? // sample rate
sb.write(buf4)? // sample rate * bps(8) * channels(1) / 8 (= sample rate)
sb.write(buf2)? // bps(8) * channels(1) / 8 (= 1)
binary.little_endian_put_u16(mut &buf2, 8)
sb.write(buf2)? // bits per sample (bps) (= 8)
sb.write_string("data")
binary.little_endian_put_u32(mut &buf4, data_length)
sb.write(buf4)? // size of data section
wavhdr := sb.str().bytes()
// write WAV header
mut f := os.create("notes.wav")?
defer {
f.close()
}
f.write(wavhdr)?
// compute and write actual data
freqs := [261.6, 293.6, 329.6, 349.2, 392.0, 440.0, 493.9, 523.3]!
for j in 0..duration {
freq := freqs[j]
omega := 2 * math.pi * freq
for i in 0..data_length/duration {
y := 32 * math.sin(omega*f64(i)/f64(sample_rate))
buf1[0] = u8(math.round(y))
f.write(buf1)?
}
}
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Musical_scale | Musical scale | Task
Output the 8 notes of the C major diatonic scale to the default musical sound device on the system. Specifically, pitch must be tuned to 12-tone equal temperament (12TET) with the modern standard A=440Hz.
These are the notes "C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C(1 octave higher)", or "Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Si/Ti, Do(1 octave higher)" on Fixed do Solfège.
For the purpose of this task, Middle C (in the case of the above tuning, around 261.63 Hz) should be used as the starting note, and any note duration is allowed.
For languages that cannot utilize a sound device, it is permissible to output to a musical score sheet (or midi file), or the task can be omitted.
| #Wren | Wren | import "/sound" for Wav
var sampleRate = 44100
var duration = 8
var data = List.filled(sampleRate * duration, 0)
var freqs = [261.6, 293.6, 329.6, 349.2, 392.0, 440.0, 493.9, 523.3]
for (j in 0...duration) {
var freq = freqs[j]
var omega = 2 * Num.pi * freq
for (i in 0...sampleRate) {
var y = (32 * (omega * i / sampleRate).sin).round & 255
data[i + j * sampleRate] = y
}
}
Wav.create("musical_scale.wav", data, sampleRate) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Multisplit | Multisplit | It is often necessary to split a string into pieces
based on several different (potentially multi-character) separator strings,
while still retaining the information about which separators were present in the input.
This is particularly useful when doing small parsing tasks.
The task is to write code to demonstrate this.
The function (or procedure or method, as appropriate) should
take an input string and an ordered collection of separators.
The order of the separators is significant:
The delimiter order represents priority in matching, with the first defined delimiter having the highest priority.
In cases where there would be an ambiguity as to
which separator to use at a particular point
(e.g., because one separator is a prefix of another)
the separator with the highest priority should be used.
Delimiters can be reused and the output from the function should be an ordered sequence of substrings.
Test your code using the input string “a!===b=!=c” and the separators “==”, “!=” and “=”.
For these inputs the string should be parsed as "a" (!=) "" (==) "b" (=) "" (!=) "c", where matched delimiters are shown in parentheses, and separated strings are quoted, so our resulting output is "a", empty string, "b", empty string, "c".
Note that the quotation marks are shown for clarity and do not form part of the output.
Extra Credit: provide information that indicates which separator was matched at each separation point and where in the input string that separator was matched.
| #Java | Java | import java.util.*;
public class MultiSplit {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Regex split:");
System.out.println(Arrays.toString("a!===b=!=c".split("==|!=|=")));
System.out.println("\nManual split:");
for (String s : multiSplit("a!===b=!=c", new String[]{"==", "!=", "="}))
System.out.printf("\"%s\" ", s);
}
static List<String> multiSplit(String txt, String[] separators) {
List<String> result = new ArrayList<>();
int txtLen = txt.length(), from = 0;
for (int to = 0; to < txtLen; to++) {
for (String sep : separators) {
int sepLen = sep.length();
if (txt.regionMatches(to, sep, 0, sepLen)) {
result.add(txt.substring(from, to));
from = to + sepLen;
to = from - 1; // compensate for the increment
break;
}
}
}
if (from < txtLen)
result.add(txt.substring(from));
return result;
}
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/N-queens_problem | N-queens problem |
Solve the eight queens puzzle.
You can extend the problem to solve the puzzle with a board of size NxN.
For the number of solutions for small values of N, see OEIS: A000170.
Related tasks
A* search algorithm
Solve a Hidato puzzle
Solve a Holy Knight's tour
Knight's tour
Peaceful chess queen armies
Solve a Hopido puzzle
Solve a Numbrix puzzle
Solve the no connection puzzle
| #AWK | AWK |
#!/usr/bin/gawk -f
# Solve the Eight Queens Puzzle
# Inspired by Raymond Hettinger [https://code.activestate.com/recipes/576647/]
# Just the vector of row positions per column is kept,
# and filled with all possibilities from left to right recursively,
# then checked against the columns left from the current one:
# - is a queen in the same row
# - is a queen in the digonal
# - is a queen in the reverse diagonal
BEGIN {
dim = ARGC < 2 ? 8 : ARGV[1]
# make vec an array
vec[1] = 0
# scan for a solution
if (tryqueen(1, vec, dim))
result(vec, dim)
else
print "No solution with " dim " queens."
}
# try if a queen can be set in column (col)
function tryqueen(col, vec, dim, new) {
for (new = 1; new <= dim; ++new) {
# check all previous columns
if (noconflict(new, col, vec, dim)) {
vec[col] = new
if (col == dim)
return 1
# must try next column(s)
if (tryqueen(col+1, vec, dim))
return 1
}
}
# all tested, failed
return 0
}
# check if setting the queen (new) in column (col) is ok
# by checking the previous colums conflicts
function noconflict(new, col, vec, dim, j) {
for (j = 1; j < col; j++) {
if (vec[j] == new)
return 0 # same row
if (vec[j] == new - col + j)
return 0 # diagonal conflict
if (vec[j] == new + col - j)
return 0 # reverse diagonal conflict
}
# no test failed, no conflict
return 1
}
# print matrix
function result(vec, dim, row, col, sep, lne) {
# print the solution vector
for (row = 1; row <= dim; ++row)
printf " %d", vec[row]
print
# print a board matrix
for (row = 1; row <= dim; ++row) {
lne = "|"
for (col = 1; col <= dim; ++col) {
if (row == vec[col])
lne = lne "Q|"
else
lne = lne "_|"
}
print lne
}
}
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Named_parameters | Named parameters | Create a function which takes in a number of arguments which are specified by name rather than (necessarily) position, and show how to call the function. If the language supports reordering the arguments or optionally omitting some of them, note this.
Note:
Named parameters relies on being able to use the names given to function parameters when the function is defined, when assigning arguments when the function is called.
For example, if a function were to be defined as define func1( paramname1, paramname2); then it could be called normally as func1(argument1, argument2) and in the called function paramname1 would be associated with argument1 and paramname2 with argument2.
func1 must also be able to be called in a way that visually binds each parameter to its respective argument, irrespective of argument order, for example: func1(paramname2=argument2, paramname1=argument1) which explicitly makes the same parameter/argument bindings as before.
Named parameters are often a feature of languages used in safety critical areas such as Verilog and VHDL.
See also:
Varargs
Optional parameters
Wikipedia: Named parameter
| #Standard_ML | Standard ML | fun dosomething (a, b, c) = print ("a = " ^ a ^ "\nb = " ^ Real.toString b ^ "\nc = " ^ Int.toString c ^ "\n")
fun example {a, b, c} = dosomething (a, b, c) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Named_parameters | Named parameters | Create a function which takes in a number of arguments which are specified by name rather than (necessarily) position, and show how to call the function. If the language supports reordering the arguments or optionally omitting some of them, note this.
Note:
Named parameters relies on being able to use the names given to function parameters when the function is defined, when assigning arguments when the function is called.
For example, if a function were to be defined as define func1( paramname1, paramname2); then it could be called normally as func1(argument1, argument2) and in the called function paramname1 would be associated with argument1 and paramname2 with argument2.
func1 must also be able to be called in a way that visually binds each parameter to its respective argument, irrespective of argument order, for example: func1(paramname2=argument2, paramname1=argument1) which explicitly makes the same parameter/argument bindings as before.
Named parameters are often a feature of languages used in safety critical areas such as Verilog and VHDL.
See also:
Varargs
Optional parameters
Wikipedia: Named parameter
| #Suneido | Suneido |
test = function (one, two, three = '', four = '', five = '')
{
Print('one: ' $ one $ ', two: ' $ two $ ', three: ' $ three $
', four: ' $ four $ ', five: ' $ five)
}
test('1', '2', five: '5', three: '3')
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Named_parameters | Named parameters | Create a function which takes in a number of arguments which are specified by name rather than (necessarily) position, and show how to call the function. If the language supports reordering the arguments or optionally omitting some of them, note this.
Note:
Named parameters relies on being able to use the names given to function parameters when the function is defined, when assigning arguments when the function is called.
For example, if a function were to be defined as define func1( paramname1, paramname2); then it could be called normally as func1(argument1, argument2) and in the called function paramname1 would be associated with argument1 and paramname2 with argument2.
func1 must also be able to be called in a way that visually binds each parameter to its respective argument, irrespective of argument order, for example: func1(paramname2=argument2, paramname1=argument1) which explicitly makes the same parameter/argument bindings as before.
Named parameters are often a feature of languages used in safety critical areas such as Verilog and VHDL.
See also:
Varargs
Optional parameters
Wikipedia: Named parameter
| #Swift | Swift | func greet(person: String, hometown: String) -> String {
return "Hello \(person)! Glad you could visit from \(hometown)."
}
print(greet(person: "Bill", hometown: "Cupertino")) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Nth_root | Nth root | Task
Implement the algorithm to compute the principal nth root
A
n
{\displaystyle {\sqrt[{n}]{A}}}
of a positive real number A, as explained at the Wikipedia page.
| #Lingo | Lingo | on nthRoot (x, root)
return power(x, 1.0/root)
end |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Nth_root | Nth root | Task
Implement the algorithm to compute the principal nth root
A
n
{\displaystyle {\sqrt[{n}]{A}}}
of a positive real number A, as explained at the Wikipedia page.
| #Logo | Logo | to about :a :b
output and [:a - :b < 1e-5] [:a - :b > -1e-5]
end
to root :n :a [:guess :a]
localmake "next ((:n-1) * :guess + :a / power :guess (:n-1)) / n
if about :guess :next [output :next]
output (root :n :a :next)
end
show root 5 34 ; 2.02439745849989 |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/N%27th | N'th | Write a function/method/subroutine/... that when given an integer greater than or equal to zero returns a string of the number followed by an apostrophe then the ordinal suffix.
Example
Returns would include 1'st 2'nd 3'rd 11'th 111'th 1001'st 1012'th
Task
Use your routine to show here the output for at least the following (inclusive) ranges of integer inputs:
0..25, 250..265, 1000..1025
Note: apostrophes are now optional to allow correct apostrophe-less English.
| #Delphi | Delphi | proc nonrec nth(word n; *char buf) *char:
channel output text ch;
open(ch, buf);
write(ch; n,
if (n/10)%10=1 then "th"
elif n%10=1 then "st"
elif n%10=2 then "nd"
elif n%10=3 then "rd"
else "th"
fi
);
close(ch);
buf
corp;
proc nonrec print_range(word start, stop) void:
[8] char buf;
word col, n;
col := 0;
for n from start upto stop do
write(nth(n, &buf[0]));
col := col + 1;
if col%10=0 then writeln() else write('\t') fi
od;
writeln()
corp
proc nonrec main() void:
print_range(0, 25);
print_range(250, 265);
print_range(1000, 1025)
corp |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Convert | Non-decimal radices/Convert | Number base conversion is when you express a stored integer in an integer base, such as in octal (base 8) or binary (base 2). It also is involved when you take a string representing a number in a given base and convert it to the stored integer form. Normally, a stored integer is in binary, but that's typically invisible to the user, who normally enters or sees stored integers as decimal.
Task
Write a function (or identify the built-in function) which is passed a non-negative integer to convert, and another integer representing the base.
It should return a string containing the digits of the resulting number, without leading zeros except for the number 0 itself.
For the digits beyond 9, one should use the lowercase English alphabet, where the digit a = 9+1, b = a+1, etc.
For example: the decimal number 26 expressed in base 16 would be 1a.
Write a second function which is passed a string and an integer base, and it returns an integer representing that string interpreted in that base.
The programs may be limited by the word size or other such constraint of a given language. There is no need to do error checking for negatives, bases less than 2, or inappropriate digits.
| #Pop11 | Pop11 | define number_to_base(n, base);
radix_apply(n, '%p', sprintf, base);
enddefine; |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Narcissistic_decimal_number | Narcissistic decimal number | A Narcissistic decimal number is a non-negative integer,
n
{\displaystyle n}
, that is equal to the sum of the
m
{\displaystyle m}
-th powers of each of the digits in the decimal representation of
n
{\displaystyle n}
, where
m
{\displaystyle m}
is the number of digits in the decimal representation of
n
{\displaystyle n}
.
Narcissistic (decimal) numbers are sometimes called Armstrong numbers, named after Michael F. Armstrong.
They are also known as Plus Perfect numbers.
An example
if
n
{\displaystyle n}
is 153
then
m
{\displaystyle m}
, (the number of decimal digits) is 3
we have 13 + 53 + 33 = 1 + 125 + 27 = 153
and so 153 is a narcissistic decimal number
Task
Generate and show here the first 25 narcissistic decimal numbers.
Note:
0
1
=
0
{\displaystyle 0^{1}=0}
, the first in the series.
See also
the OEIS entry: Armstrong (or Plus Perfect, or narcissistic) numbers.
MathWorld entry: Narcissistic Number.
Wikipedia entry: Narcissistic number.
| #Ksh | Ksh |
#!/bin/ksh
# Narcissistic decimal number
# # Variables:
#
# # Functions:
#
# # Function _isnarcissist(n) - return 1 if n is a narcissistic decimal number
#
function _isnarcissist {
typeset _n ; integer _n=$1
(( ${_n} == $(_sumpowdigits ${_n}) )) && return 1
return 0
}
# # Function _sumpowdigits(n) - return sum of the digits raised to #digit power
#
function _sumpowdigits {
typeset _n ; integer _n=$1
typeset _i ; typeset -si _i
typeset _sum ; integer _sum=0
for ((_i=0; _i<${#_n}; _i++)); do
(( _sum+=(${_n:_i:1}**${#_n}) ))
done
echo ${_sum}
}
######
# main #
######
integer i cnt=0
for ((i=0; cnt<25; i++)); do
_isnarcissist ${i} ; (( $? )) && printf "%3d. %d\n" $(( ++cnt )) ${i}
done
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Munching_squares | Munching squares | Render a graphical pattern where each pixel is colored by the value of 'x xor y' from an arbitrary color table.
| #PHP | PHP | header("Content-Type: image/png");
$w = 256;
$h = 256;
$im = imagecreate($w, $h)
or die("Cannot Initialize new GD image stream");
$color = array();
for($i=0;$i<256;$i++)
{
array_push($color,imagecolorallocate($im,sin(($i)*(2*3.14/256))*128+128,$i/2,$i));
}
for($i=0;$i<$w;$i++)
{
for($j=0;$j<$h;$j++)
{
imagesetpixel($im,$i,$j,$color[$i^$j]);
}
}
imagepng($im);
imagedestroy($im); |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Munchausen_numbers | Munchausen numbers | A Munchausen number is a natural number n the sum of whose digits (in base 10), each raised to the power of itself, equals n.
(Munchausen is also spelled: Münchhausen.)
For instance: 3435 = 33 + 44 + 33 + 55
Task
Find all Munchausen numbers between 1 and 5000.
Also see
The OEIS entry: A046253
The Wikipedia entry: Perfect digit-to-digit invariant, redirected from Munchausen Number
| #COBOL | COBOL | IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. MUNCHAUSEN.
DATA DIVISION.
WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
01 VARIABLES.
03 CANDIDATE PIC 9(4).
03 DIGITS PIC 9 OCCURS 4 TIMES, REDEFINES CANDIDATE.
03 DIGIT PIC 9.
03 POWER-SUM PIC 9(5).
01 OUTPUT-LINE.
03 OUT-NUM PIC ZZZ9.
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
BEGIN.
PERFORM MUNCHAUSEN-TEST VARYING CANDIDATE FROM 1 BY 1
UNTIL CANDIDATE IS GREATER THAN 6000.
STOP RUN.
MUNCHAUSEN-TEST.
MOVE ZERO TO POWER-SUM.
MOVE 1 TO DIGIT.
INSPECT CANDIDATE TALLYING DIGIT FOR LEADING '0'.
PERFORM ADD-DIGIT-POWER VARYING DIGIT FROM DIGIT BY 1
UNTIL DIGIT IS GREATER THAN 4.
IF POWER-SUM IS EQUAL TO CANDIDATE,
MOVE CANDIDATE TO OUT-NUM,
DISPLAY OUTPUT-LINE.
ADD-DIGIT-POWER.
COMPUTE POWER-SUM =
POWER-SUM + DIGITS(DIGIT) ** DIGITS(DIGIT) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Mutual_recursion | Mutual recursion | Two functions are said to be mutually recursive if the first calls the second,
and in turn the second calls the first.
Write two mutually recursive functions that compute members of the Hofstadter Female and Male sequences defined as:
F
(
0
)
=
1
;
M
(
0
)
=
0
F
(
n
)
=
n
−
M
(
F
(
n
−
1
)
)
,
n
>
0
M
(
n
)
=
n
−
F
(
M
(
n
−
1
)
)
,
n
>
0.
{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}F(0)&=1\ ;\ M(0)=0\\F(n)&=n-M(F(n-1)),\quad n>0\\M(n)&=n-F(M(n-1)),\quad n>0.\end{aligned}}}
(If a language does not allow for a solution using mutually recursive functions
then state this rather than give a solution by other means).
| #C.2B.2B | C++ | #include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <iterator>
class Hofstadter
{
public:
static int F(int n) {
if ( n == 0 ) return 1;
return n - M(F(n-1));
}
static int M(int n) {
if ( n == 0 ) return 0;
return n - F(M(n-1));
}
};
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i;
vector<int> ra, rb;
for(i=0; i < 20; i++) {
ra.push_back(Hofstadter::F(i));
rb.push_back(Hofstadter::M(i));
}
copy(ra.begin(), ra.end(),
ostream_iterator<int>(cout, " "));
cout << endl;
copy(rb.begin(), rb.end(),
ostream_iterator<int>(cout, " "));
cout << endl;
return 0;
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Musical_scale | Musical scale | Task
Output the 8 notes of the C major diatonic scale to the default musical sound device on the system. Specifically, pitch must be tuned to 12-tone equal temperament (12TET) with the modern standard A=440Hz.
These are the notes "C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C(1 octave higher)", or "Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Si/Ti, Do(1 octave higher)" on Fixed do Solfège.
For the purpose of this task, Middle C (in the case of the above tuning, around 261.63 Hz) should be used as the starting note, and any note duration is allowed.
For languages that cannot utilize a sound device, it is permissible to output to a musical score sheet (or midi file), or the task can be omitted.
| #XPL0 | XPL0 | \Square waves on the beeper speaker:
code Sound=39;
real Period; int I;
[Period:= 1190000.0/261.625565; \middle C
for I:= 2 to 9 do
[Sound(1, 4, fix(Period)); \times 2^(-1/6) else 2^(-1/12)
Period:= Period * (if I&3 then 0.890898719 else 0.943874313);
];
]
\MIDI grand piano (requires 32-bit Windows or Sound Blaster 16):
code Sound=39;
int Note, I;
[port($331):= $3F; \set MPU-401 into UART mode
Note:= 60; \start at middle C
for I:= 2 to 9+1 do \(last note is not played)
[port($330):= $90; port($330):= Note; port($330):= $7F;
Sound(0, 4, 1); \This "Sound" is off, but convenient 0.22 sec delay
Note:= Note + (if I&3 then 2 else 1);
];
] |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Musical_scale | Musical scale | Task
Output the 8 notes of the C major diatonic scale to the default musical sound device on the system. Specifically, pitch must be tuned to 12-tone equal temperament (12TET) with the modern standard A=440Hz.
These are the notes "C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C(1 octave higher)", or "Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Si/Ti, Do(1 octave higher)" on Fixed do Solfège.
For the purpose of this task, Middle C (in the case of the above tuning, around 261.63 Hz) should be used as the starting note, and any note duration is allowed.
For languages that cannot utilize a sound device, it is permissible to output to a musical score sheet (or midi file), or the task can be omitted.
| #Yabasic | Yabasic | // Rosetta Code problem: http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Musical_scale
// by Galileo, 03/2022
sample_rate = 44100
duration = 8
dataLength = sample_rate * duration
hdrSize = 44
fileLen = dataLength + hdrSize - 8
data 261.6, 293.6, 329.6, 349.2, 392.0, 440.0, 493.9, 523.3
sub int_to_bytes(dato, long)
local dato$, esp, esp$, i
esp$ = "00000000"
dato$ = hex$(dato)
esp = long * 2
dato$ = right$(esp$ + dato$, esp)
for i = esp - 1 to 1 step -2
poke #fn, dec(mid$(dato$, i, 2))
next
end sub
fn = open("notesyab.wav", "wb")
print #fn, "RIFF";
int_to_bytes(fileLen, 4)
print #fn, "WAVEfmt ";
int_to_bytes(16, 4) // length of format data (= 16)
int_to_bytes(1, 2) // type of format (= 1 (PCM))
int_to_bytes(1, 2) // number of channels (= 1)
int_to_bytes(sample_rate, 4) // sample rate
int_to_bytes(sample_rate, 4) // sample rate * bps(8) * channels(1) / 8 (= sample rate)
int_to_bytes(1,2) // bps(8) * channels(1) / 8 (= 1)
int_to_bytes(8,2) // bits per sample (bps) (= 8)
print #fn, "data";
int_to_bytes(dataLength, 4) // size of data section
for j = 1 to duration
read f
omega = 2 * PI * f
for i = 0 to dataLength/duration-1
y = 32 * sin(omega * i / sample_rate)
byte = and(y, 255)
poke #fn, byte
next
next
close(fn)
if peek$("os") = "windows" then
system("notesyab.wav")
else // Linux
system("aplay notesyab.wav")
endif |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Musical_scale | Musical scale | Task
Output the 8 notes of the C major diatonic scale to the default musical sound device on the system. Specifically, pitch must be tuned to 12-tone equal temperament (12TET) with the modern standard A=440Hz.
These are the notes "C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C(1 octave higher)", or "Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Si/Ti, Do(1 octave higher)" on Fixed do Solfège.
For the purpose of this task, Middle C (in the case of the above tuning, around 261.63 Hz) should be used as the starting note, and any note duration is allowed.
For languages that cannot utilize a sound device, it is permissible to output to a musical score sheet (or midi file), or the task can be omitted.
| #ZX_Spectrum_Basic | ZX Spectrum Basic | 10 REM Musical scale
20 LET n=0: REM Start at middle C
30 LET d=0.2: REM Make each note 0.2 seconds in duration
40 FOR l=1 TO 8
50 BEEP d,n
60 READ i: REM Number of semitones to increment
70 LET n=n+i
80 NEXT l
90 STOP
9000 DATA 2,2,1,2,2,2,1,2:REM WWHWWWH |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Multisplit | Multisplit | It is often necessary to split a string into pieces
based on several different (potentially multi-character) separator strings,
while still retaining the information about which separators were present in the input.
This is particularly useful when doing small parsing tasks.
The task is to write code to demonstrate this.
The function (or procedure or method, as appropriate) should
take an input string and an ordered collection of separators.
The order of the separators is significant:
The delimiter order represents priority in matching, with the first defined delimiter having the highest priority.
In cases where there would be an ambiguity as to
which separator to use at a particular point
(e.g., because one separator is a prefix of another)
the separator with the highest priority should be used.
Delimiters can be reused and the output from the function should be an ordered sequence of substrings.
Test your code using the input string “a!===b=!=c” and the separators “==”, “!=” and “=”.
For these inputs the string should be parsed as "a" (!=) "" (==) "b" (=) "" (!=) "c", where matched delimiters are shown in parentheses, and separated strings are quoted, so our resulting output is "a", empty string, "b", empty string, "c".
Note that the quotation marks are shown for clarity and do not form part of the output.
Extra Credit: provide information that indicates which separator was matched at each separation point and where in the input string that separator was matched.
| #JavaScript | JavaScript | RegExp.escape = function(text) {
return text.replace(/[-[\]{}()*+?.,\\^$|#\s]/g, "\\$&");
}
multisplit = function(string, seps) {
var sep_regex = RegExp(_.map(seps, function(sep) { return RegExp.escape(sep); }).join('|'));
return string.split(sep_regex);
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Multisplit | Multisplit | It is often necessary to split a string into pieces
based on several different (potentially multi-character) separator strings,
while still retaining the information about which separators were present in the input.
This is particularly useful when doing small parsing tasks.
The task is to write code to demonstrate this.
The function (or procedure or method, as appropriate) should
take an input string and an ordered collection of separators.
The order of the separators is significant:
The delimiter order represents priority in matching, with the first defined delimiter having the highest priority.
In cases where there would be an ambiguity as to
which separator to use at a particular point
(e.g., because one separator is a prefix of another)
the separator with the highest priority should be used.
Delimiters can be reused and the output from the function should be an ordered sequence of substrings.
Test your code using the input string “a!===b=!=c” and the separators “==”, “!=” and “=”.
For these inputs the string should be parsed as "a" (!=) "" (==) "b" (=) "" (!=) "c", where matched delimiters are shown in parentheses, and separated strings are quoted, so our resulting output is "a", empty string, "b", empty string, "c".
Note that the quotation marks are shown for clarity and do not form part of the output.
Extra Credit: provide information that indicates which separator was matched at each separation point and where in the input string that separator was matched.
| #jq | jq | # peeloff(delims) either peels off a delimiter or
# a single character from the input string.
# The input should be a nonempty string, and delims should be
# a non-empty array of delimiters;
# return [peeledoff, remainder]
# where "peeledoff" is either [delim] or the peeled off character:
def peeloff(delims):
delims[0] as $delim
| if startswith($delim) then [ [$delim], .[ ($delim|length):]]
elif (delims|length)>1 then peeloff(delims[1:])
else [ .[0:1], .[1:]]
end ;
# multisplit_parse(delims) produces an intermediate parse.
# Input must be of the parse form: [ string, [ delim ], ... ]
# Output is of the same form.
def multisplit_parse(delims):
if (delims|length) == 0 or length == 0 then .
else
.[length-1] as $last
| .[0:length-1] as $butlast
| if ($last|type) == "array" then . # all done
elif $last == "" then .
else
($last | peeloff(delims)) as $p # [ peeledoff, next ]
| $p[0] as $peeledoff
| $p[1] as $next
| if ($next|length) > 0
then $butlast + [$peeledoff] + ([$next]|multisplit_parse(delims))
else $butlast + $p
end
end
end ;
def multisplit(delims):
[.] | multisplit_parse(delims)
# insert "" between delimiters, compress strings, remove trailing "" if any
| reduce .[] as $x ([];
if length == 0 then [ $x ]
elif ($x|type) == "array"
then if (.[length-1]|type) == "array" then . + ["", $x]
else . + [$x]
end
elif .[length-1]|type == "string"
then .[0:length-1] + [ .[length-1] + $x ]
else . + [$x]
end ) ; |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/N-queens_problem | N-queens problem |
Solve the eight queens puzzle.
You can extend the problem to solve the puzzle with a board of size NxN.
For the number of solutions for small values of N, see OEIS: A000170.
Related tasks
A* search algorithm
Solve a Hidato puzzle
Solve a Holy Knight's tour
Knight's tour
Peaceful chess queen armies
Solve a Hopido puzzle
Solve a Numbrix puzzle
Solve the no connection puzzle
| #ATS | ATS |
(* ****** ****** *)
//
// Solving N-queen puzzle
//
(* ****** ****** *)
//
// How to test:
// ./queens
// How to compile:
// patscc -DATS_MEMALLOC_LIBC -o queens queens.dats
//
(* ****** ****** *)
//
#include
"share/atspre_staload.hats"
//
#include
"share/HATS/atspre_staload_libats_ML.hats"
//
(* ****** ****** *)
fun
solutions(N:int) = let
//
fun
show
(
board: list0(int)
) : void =
(
list0_foreach<int>
( list0_reverse(board)
, lam(n) => ((N).foreach()(lam(i) => print_string(if i = n then " Q" else " _")); print_newline())
) ;
print_newline()
)
//
fun
safe
(
i: int, j: int, k: int, xs: list0(int)
) : bool =
(
case+ xs of
| nil0() => true
| cons0(x, xs) => x != i && x != j && x != k && safe(i, j+1, k-1, xs)
)
//
fun
loop
(
col: int, xs: list0(int)
) : void =
(N).foreach()
(
lam(i) =>
if
safe(i, i+1, i-1, xs)
then let
val xs = cons0(i, xs)
in
if col = N then show(xs) else loop(col+1, xs)
end // end of [then]
)
//
in
loop(1, nil0())
end // end of [solutions]
(* ****** ****** *)
val () = solutions(8)
(* ****** ****** *)
implement main0() = ()
(* ****** ****** *)
(* end of [queens.dats] *)
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Named_parameters | Named parameters | Create a function which takes in a number of arguments which are specified by name rather than (necessarily) position, and show how to call the function. If the language supports reordering the arguments or optionally omitting some of them, note this.
Note:
Named parameters relies on being able to use the names given to function parameters when the function is defined, when assigning arguments when the function is called.
For example, if a function were to be defined as define func1( paramname1, paramname2); then it could be called normally as func1(argument1, argument2) and in the called function paramname1 would be associated with argument1 and paramname2 with argument2.
func1 must also be able to be called in a way that visually binds each parameter to its respective argument, irrespective of argument order, for example: func1(paramname2=argument2, paramname1=argument1) which explicitly makes the same parameter/argument bindings as before.
Named parameters are often a feature of languages used in safety critical areas such as Verilog and VHDL.
See also:
Varargs
Optional parameters
Wikipedia: Named parameter
| #Tcl | Tcl | proc example args {
# Set the defaults
array set opts {-foo 0 -bar 1 -grill "hamburger"}
# Merge in the values from the caller
array set opts $args
# Use the arguments
return "foo is $opts(-foo), bar is $opts(-bar), and grill is $opts(-grill)"
}
# Note that -foo is omitted and -grill precedes -bar
example -grill "lamb kebab" -bar 3.14
# => ‘foo is 0, bar is 3.14, and grill is lamb kebab’ |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Named_parameters | Named parameters | Create a function which takes in a number of arguments which are specified by name rather than (necessarily) position, and show how to call the function. If the language supports reordering the arguments or optionally omitting some of them, note this.
Note:
Named parameters relies on being able to use the names given to function parameters when the function is defined, when assigning arguments when the function is called.
For example, if a function were to be defined as define func1( paramname1, paramname2); then it could be called normally as func1(argument1, argument2) and in the called function paramname1 would be associated with argument1 and paramname2 with argument2.
func1 must also be able to be called in a way that visually binds each parameter to its respective argument, irrespective of argument order, for example: func1(paramname2=argument2, paramname1=argument1) which explicitly makes the same parameter/argument bindings as before.
Named parameters are often a feature of languages used in safety critical areas such as Verilog and VHDL.
See also:
Varargs
Optional parameters
Wikipedia: Named parameter
| #VBA | VBA |
Public Function timedelta(Optional weeks As Integer = 0, Optional days As Integer = 0, _
Optional hours As Integer = 0, Optional minutes As Integer = 0, Optional seconds As Integer = 0, _
Optional milliseconds As Integer = 0, Optional microseconds As Integer = 0) As Variant
End Function
Public Sub main()
'-- can be invoked as:
fourdays = timedelta(days:=4)
'-- fourdays = timedelta(0,4) '-- equivalent
'-- **NB** a plain '=' is a very different thing
oneday = timedelta(days = 1) '-- equivalent to timedelta([weeks:=]IIf((days=1,-1:0))
'-- with NO error if no local variable days exists.
'VBA will assume local variable days=0
Dim hours As Integer
shift = timedelta(hours:=hours) '-- perfectly valid (param hours:=local hours)
'-- timedelta(0,hours:=15,3) '-- illegal (it is not clear whether you meant days:=3 or minutes:=3)
'VBA expects a named parameter for 3
End Sub |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Named_parameters | Named parameters | Create a function which takes in a number of arguments which are specified by name rather than (necessarily) position, and show how to call the function. If the language supports reordering the arguments or optionally omitting some of them, note this.
Note:
Named parameters relies on being able to use the names given to function parameters when the function is defined, when assigning arguments when the function is called.
For example, if a function were to be defined as define func1( paramname1, paramname2); then it could be called normally as func1(argument1, argument2) and in the called function paramname1 would be associated with argument1 and paramname2 with argument2.
func1 must also be able to be called in a way that visually binds each parameter to its respective argument, irrespective of argument order, for example: func1(paramname2=argument2, paramname1=argument1) which explicitly makes the same parameter/argument bindings as before.
Named parameters are often a feature of languages used in safety critical areas such as Verilog and VHDL.
See also:
Varargs
Optional parameters
Wikipedia: Named parameter
| #Visual_Basic | Visual Basic | 'the function
Sub whatever(foo As Long, bar As Integer, baz As Byte, qux As String)
'...
End Sub
'calling the function -- note the Pascal-style assignment operator
Sub crap()
whatever bar:=1, baz:=2, foo:=-1, qux:="Why is ev'rybody always pickin' on me?"
End Sub |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Nth_root | Nth root | Task
Implement the algorithm to compute the principal nth root
A
n
{\displaystyle {\sqrt[{n}]{A}}}
of a positive real number A, as explained at the Wikipedia page.
| #Lua | Lua |
function nroot(root, num)
return num^(1/root)
end
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Nth_root | Nth root | Task
Implement the algorithm to compute the principal nth root
A
n
{\displaystyle {\sqrt[{n}]{A}}}
of a positive real number A, as explained at the Wikipedia page.
| #M2000_Interpreter | M2000 Interpreter |
Flush empty stack
Over 2 copy 2nd as new top (so 2nd now is 3rd)
Over 2,2 repeat Over 2 two times.
Shift 2 send top to 2nd, and 2nd to top (1st) (there is a SHFITBACK to revesre action)
Drop drop top
Number get top if is number, else raise error
Read, read a variable form top.
Functions parameters works with a read too
Function Root {
Read a, n%, d as double=1.e-4
......
}
because we can send any type and number if function, interpreter can make conversions if we declare that,
or if it not possible (no conversion done to a numeric variable if a string is in top of stack) we get an error.
Also if we send less values, and we didn't initialize variable before, we get error too.
Here we need to flush stack for other parameters if from an error anyone put more arguments.
(interpreter never count before call a user function, except for calling events by using event object,
so there there is a signature to follow)
n% is double inside.
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/N%27th | N'th | Write a function/method/subroutine/... that when given an integer greater than or equal to zero returns a string of the number followed by an apostrophe then the ordinal suffix.
Example
Returns would include 1'st 2'nd 3'rd 11'th 111'th 1001'st 1012'th
Task
Use your routine to show here the output for at least the following (inclusive) ranges of integer inputs:
0..25, 250..265, 1000..1025
Note: apostrophes are now optional to allow correct apostrophe-less English.
| #Draco | Draco | proc nonrec nth(word n; *char buf) *char:
channel output text ch;
open(ch, buf);
write(ch; n,
if (n/10)%10=1 then "th"
elif n%10=1 then "st"
elif n%10=2 then "nd"
elif n%10=3 then "rd"
else "th"
fi
);
close(ch);
buf
corp;
proc nonrec print_range(word start, stop) void:
[8] char buf;
word col, n;
col := 0;
for n from start upto stop do
write(nth(n, &buf[0]));
col := col + 1;
if col%10=0 then writeln() else write('\t') fi
od;
writeln()
corp
proc nonrec main() void:
print_range(0, 25);
print_range(250, 265);
print_range(1000, 1025)
corp |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Convert | Non-decimal radices/Convert | Number base conversion is when you express a stored integer in an integer base, such as in octal (base 8) or binary (base 2). It also is involved when you take a string representing a number in a given base and convert it to the stored integer form. Normally, a stored integer is in binary, but that's typically invisible to the user, who normally enters or sees stored integers as decimal.
Task
Write a function (or identify the built-in function) which is passed a non-negative integer to convert, and another integer representing the base.
It should return a string containing the digits of the resulting number, without leading zeros except for the number 0 itself.
For the digits beyond 9, one should use the lowercase English alphabet, where the digit a = 9+1, b = a+1, etc.
For example: the decimal number 26 expressed in base 16 would be 1a.
Write a second function which is passed a string and an integer base, and it returns an integer representing that string interpreted in that base.
The programs may be limited by the word size or other such constraint of a given language. There is no need to do error checking for negatives, bases less than 2, or inappropriate digits.
| #PureBasic | PureBasic | Global alphanum$ = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" ;36 digits
#maxIntegerBitSize = SizeOf(Integer) * 8
Procedure toDecimal(base, s.s)
Protected length, i, toDecimal
length = Len(s)
If length: toDecimal = FindString(alphanum$, Left(s, 1), 1) - 1: EndIf
For i = 2 To length
toDecimal * base + FindString(alphanum$, Mid(s, i, 1), 1) - 1
Next
ProcedureReturn toDecimal
EndProcedure
Procedure.s toBase(base, number)
Protected i, rem, toBase.s{#maxIntegerBitSize} = Space(#maxIntegerBitSize)
For i = #maxIntegerBitSize To 1 Step -1
rem = number % base
PokeC(@toBase + i - 1, PeekC(@alphanum$ + rem))
If number < base: Break: EndIf
number / base
Next
ProcedureReturn LTrim(toBase)
EndProcedure
If OpenConsole()
PrintN( Str(toDecimal(16, "1a")) )
PrintN( toBase(16, 26) )
Print(#CRLF$ + #CRLF$ + "Press ENTER to exit")
Input()
CloseConsole()
EndIf |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Narcissistic_decimal_number | Narcissistic decimal number | A Narcissistic decimal number is a non-negative integer,
n
{\displaystyle n}
, that is equal to the sum of the
m
{\displaystyle m}
-th powers of each of the digits in the decimal representation of
n
{\displaystyle n}
, where
m
{\displaystyle m}
is the number of digits in the decimal representation of
n
{\displaystyle n}
.
Narcissistic (decimal) numbers are sometimes called Armstrong numbers, named after Michael F. Armstrong.
They are also known as Plus Perfect numbers.
An example
if
n
{\displaystyle n}
is 153
then
m
{\displaystyle m}
, (the number of decimal digits) is 3
we have 13 + 53 + 33 = 1 + 125 + 27 = 153
and so 153 is a narcissistic decimal number
Task
Generate and show here the first 25 narcissistic decimal numbers.
Note:
0
1
=
0
{\displaystyle 0^{1}=0}
, the first in the series.
See also
the OEIS entry: Armstrong (or Plus Perfect, or narcissistic) numbers.
MathWorld entry: Narcissistic Number.
Wikipedia entry: Narcissistic number.
| #Lua | Lua | function isNarc (n)
local m, sum, digit = string.len(n), 0
for pos = 1, m do
digit = tonumber(string.sub(n, pos, pos))
sum = sum + digit^m
end
return sum == n
end
local n, count = 0, 0
repeat
if isNarc(n) then
io.write(n .. " ")
count = count + 1
end
n = n + 1
until count == 25 |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Munching_squares | Munching squares | Render a graphical pattern where each pixel is colored by the value of 'x xor y' from an arbitrary color table.
| #PL.2FI | PL/I | munch: procedure options (main); /* 21 May 2014 */
declare screen (0:255, 0:255) bit(24) aligned;
declare b bit(8) aligned;
declare (x, y) unsigned fixed binary (8);
do x = 0 upthru hbound(screen,2);
do y = 0 upthru hbound(screen,1);
b = unspec(x) ^ unspec(y);
screen(x,y) = b;
end;
end;
call writeppm(screen);
end munch; |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Munching_squares | Munching squares | Render a graphical pattern where each pixel is colored by the value of 'x xor y' from an arbitrary color table.
| #Processing | Processing |
//Aamrun, 26th June 2022
size(1200,720);
loadPixels();
for(int i=0;i<height;i++){
for(int j=0;j<width;j++){
pixels[j + i*width] = color(i^j);
}
}
updatePixels();
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Munchausen_numbers | Munchausen numbers | A Munchausen number is a natural number n the sum of whose digits (in base 10), each raised to the power of itself, equals n.
(Munchausen is also spelled: Münchhausen.)
For instance: 3435 = 33 + 44 + 33 + 55
Task
Find all Munchausen numbers between 1 and 5000.
Also see
The OEIS entry: A046253
The Wikipedia entry: Perfect digit-to-digit invariant, redirected from Munchausen Number
| #Cowgol | Cowgol | include "cowgol.coh";
sub digitPowerSum(n: uint16): (sum: uint32) is
var powers: uint32[10] :=
{1, 1, 4, 27, 256, 3125, 46656, 823543, 16777216, 387420489};
sum := 0;
loop
sum := sum + powers[(n % 10) as uint8];
n := n / 10;
if n == 0 then break; end if;
end loop;
end sub;
var n: uint16 := 1;
while n < 5000 loop
if n as uint32 == digitPowerSum(n) then
print_i16(n);
print_nl();
end if;
n := n + 1;
end loop; |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Mutual_recursion | Mutual recursion | Two functions are said to be mutually recursive if the first calls the second,
and in turn the second calls the first.
Write two mutually recursive functions that compute members of the Hofstadter Female and Male sequences defined as:
F
(
0
)
=
1
;
M
(
0
)
=
0
F
(
n
)
=
n
−
M
(
F
(
n
−
1
)
)
,
n
>
0
M
(
n
)
=
n
−
F
(
M
(
n
−
1
)
)
,
n
>
0.
{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}F(0)&=1\ ;\ M(0)=0\\F(n)&=n-M(F(n-1)),\quad n>0\\M(n)&=n-F(M(n-1)),\quad n>0.\end{aligned}}}
(If a language does not allow for a solution using mutually recursive functions
then state this rather than give a solution by other means).
| #Ceylon | Ceylon | Integer f(Integer n)
=> if (n > 0)
then n - m(f(n-1))
else 1;
Integer m(Integer n)
=> if (n > 0)
then n - f(m(n-1))
else 0;
shared void run() {
printAll((0:20).map(f));
printAll((0:20).map(m));
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Multisplit | Multisplit | It is often necessary to split a string into pieces
based on several different (potentially multi-character) separator strings,
while still retaining the information about which separators were present in the input.
This is particularly useful when doing small parsing tasks.
The task is to write code to demonstrate this.
The function (or procedure or method, as appropriate) should
take an input string and an ordered collection of separators.
The order of the separators is significant:
The delimiter order represents priority in matching, with the first defined delimiter having the highest priority.
In cases where there would be an ambiguity as to
which separator to use at a particular point
(e.g., because one separator is a prefix of another)
the separator with the highest priority should be used.
Delimiters can be reused and the output from the function should be an ordered sequence of substrings.
Test your code using the input string “a!===b=!=c” and the separators “==”, “!=” and “=”.
For these inputs the string should be parsed as "a" (!=) "" (==) "b" (=) "" (!=) "c", where matched delimiters are shown in parentheses, and separated strings are quoted, so our resulting output is "a", empty string, "b", empty string, "c".
Note that the quotation marks are shown for clarity and do not form part of the output.
Extra Credit: provide information that indicates which separator was matched at each separation point and where in the input string that separator was matched.
| #Julia | Julia |
julia> split(s, r"==|!=|=")
5-element Array{SubString{String},1}:
"a"
""
"b"
""
"c"
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Multisplit | Multisplit | It is often necessary to split a string into pieces
based on several different (potentially multi-character) separator strings,
while still retaining the information about which separators were present in the input.
This is particularly useful when doing small parsing tasks.
The task is to write code to demonstrate this.
The function (or procedure or method, as appropriate) should
take an input string and an ordered collection of separators.
The order of the separators is significant:
The delimiter order represents priority in matching, with the first defined delimiter having the highest priority.
In cases where there would be an ambiguity as to
which separator to use at a particular point
(e.g., because one separator is a prefix of another)
the separator with the highest priority should be used.
Delimiters can be reused and the output from the function should be an ordered sequence of substrings.
Test your code using the input string “a!===b=!=c” and the separators “==”, “!=” and “=”.
For these inputs the string should be parsed as "a" (!=) "" (==) "b" (=) "" (!=) "c", where matched delimiters are shown in parentheses, and separated strings are quoted, so our resulting output is "a", empty string, "b", empty string, "c".
Note that the quotation marks are shown for clarity and do not form part of the output.
Extra Credit: provide information that indicates which separator was matched at each separation point and where in the input string that separator was matched.
| #Kotlin | Kotlin | // version 1.0.6
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val input = "a!===b=!=c"
val delimiters = arrayOf("==", "!=", "=")
val output = input.split(*delimiters).toMutableList()
for (i in 0 until output.size) {
if (output[i].isEmpty()) output[i] = "empty string"
else output[i] = "\"" + output[i] + "\""
}
println("The splits are:")
println(output)
// now find positions of matched delimiters
val matches = mutableListOf<Pair<String, Int>>()
var index = 0
while (index < input.length) {
var matched = false
for (d in delimiters) {
if (input.drop(index).take(d.length) == d) {
matches.add(d to index)
index += d.length
matched = true
break
}
}
if (!matched) index++
}
println("\nThe delimiters matched and the indices at which they occur are:")
println(matches)
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/N-queens_problem | N-queens problem |
Solve the eight queens puzzle.
You can extend the problem to solve the puzzle with a board of size NxN.
For the number of solutions for small values of N, see OEIS: A000170.
Related tasks
A* search algorithm
Solve a Hidato puzzle
Solve a Holy Knight's tour
Knight's tour
Peaceful chess queen armies
Solve a Hopido puzzle
Solve a Numbrix puzzle
Solve the no connection puzzle
| #AutoHotkey | AutoHotkey | ;
; Post: http://www.autohotkey.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=353059#353059
; Timestamp: 05/may/2010
;
MsgBox % funcNQP(5)
MsgBox % funcNQP(8)
Return
;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
;
; ** USED VARIABLES **
;
; Global: All variables named Array[???]
;
; Function funcNPQ: nQueens , OutText , qIndex
;
; Function Unsafe: nIndex , Idx , Tmp , Aux
;
; Function PutBoard: Output , QueensN , Stc , xxx , yyy
;
;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
funcNQP(nQueens)
{
Global
Array[0] := -1
Local OutText , qIndex := 0
While ( qIndex >= 0 )
{
Array[%qIndex%]++
While ( (Array[%qIndex%] < nQueens) && Unsafe(qIndex) )
Array[%qIndex%]++
If ( Array[%qIndex%] < nQueens )
{
If ( qIndex < nQueens-1 )
qIndex++ , Array[%qIndex%] := -1
Else
PutBoard(OutText,nQueens)
}
Else
qIndex--
}
Return OutText
}
;------------------------------------------
Unsafe(nIndex)
{
Global
Local Idx := 1 , Tmp := 0 , Aux := Array[%nIndex%]
While ( Idx <= nIndex )
{
Tmp := "Array[" nIndex - Idx "]"
Tmp := % %Tmp%
If ( ( Tmp = Aux ) || ( Tmp = Aux-Idx ) || ( Tmp = Aux+Idx ) )
Return 1
Idx++
}
Return 0
}
;------------------------------------------
PutBoard(ByRef Output,QueensN)
{
Global
Static Stc = 0
Local xxx := 0 , yyy := 0
Output .= "`n`nSolution #" (++Stc) "`n"
While ( yyy < QueensN )
{
xxx := 0
While ( xxx < QueensN )
Output .= ( "|" ( ( Array[%yyy%] = xxx ) ? "Q" : "_" ) ) , xxx++
Output .= "|`n" , yyy++
}
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Named_parameters | Named parameters | Create a function which takes in a number of arguments which are specified by name rather than (necessarily) position, and show how to call the function. If the language supports reordering the arguments or optionally omitting some of them, note this.
Note:
Named parameters relies on being able to use the names given to function parameters when the function is defined, when assigning arguments when the function is called.
For example, if a function were to be defined as define func1( paramname1, paramname2); then it could be called normally as func1(argument1, argument2) and in the called function paramname1 would be associated with argument1 and paramname2 with argument2.
func1 must also be able to be called in a way that visually binds each parameter to its respective argument, irrespective of argument order, for example: func1(paramname2=argument2, paramname1=argument1) which explicitly makes the same parameter/argument bindings as before.
Named parameters are often a feature of languages used in safety critical areas such as Verilog and VHDL.
See also:
Varargs
Optional parameters
Wikipedia: Named parameter
| #Wren | Wren | var printName = Fn.new { |name|
if (!(name is Map && name["first"] != null && name["last"] != null)) {
Fiber.abort("Argument must be a map with keys \"first\" and \"last\"")
}
System.print("%(name["first"]) %(name["last"])")
}
printName.call({"first": "Abraham", "last": "Lincoln"}) // normal order
printName.call({"last": "Trump", "first": "Donald"}) // reverse order
printName.call({"forename": "Boris", "lastname": "Johnson"}) // wrong parameter names |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Named_parameters | Named parameters | Create a function which takes in a number of arguments which are specified by name rather than (necessarily) position, and show how to call the function. If the language supports reordering the arguments or optionally omitting some of them, note this.
Note:
Named parameters relies on being able to use the names given to function parameters when the function is defined, when assigning arguments when the function is called.
For example, if a function were to be defined as define func1( paramname1, paramname2); then it could be called normally as func1(argument1, argument2) and in the called function paramname1 would be associated with argument1 and paramname2 with argument2.
func1 must also be able to be called in a way that visually binds each parameter to its respective argument, irrespective of argument order, for example: func1(paramname2=argument2, paramname1=argument1) which explicitly makes the same parameter/argument bindings as before.
Named parameters are often a feature of languages used in safety critical areas such as Verilog and VHDL.
See also:
Varargs
Optional parameters
Wikipedia: Named parameter
| #XSLT | XSLT | <xsl:template name="table-header">
<xsl:param name="title"/>
...
</xsl:template> |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Nth_root | Nth root | Task
Implement the algorithm to compute the principal nth root
A
n
{\displaystyle {\sqrt[{n}]{A}}}
of a positive real number A, as explained at the Wikipedia page.
| #Maple | Maple |
root(1728, 3);
root(1024, 10);
root(2.0, 2);
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/N%27th | N'th | Write a function/method/subroutine/... that when given an integer greater than or equal to zero returns a string of the number followed by an apostrophe then the ordinal suffix.
Example
Returns would include 1'st 2'nd 3'rd 11'th 111'th 1001'st 1012'th
Task
Use your routine to show here the output for at least the following (inclusive) ranges of integer inputs:
0..25, 250..265, 1000..1025
Note: apostrophes are now optional to allow correct apostrophe-less English.
| #Elena | Elena | import extensions;
import system'math;
import system'routines;
extension op
{
ordinalize()
{
int i := self.Absolute;
if (new int[]{11,12,13}.ifExists(i.mod:100))
{
^ i.toPrintable() + "th"
};
(i.mod(10)) =>
1 { ^ i.toPrintable() + "st" }
2 { ^ i.toPrintable() + "nd" }
3 { ^ i.toPrintable() + "rd" };
^ i.toPrintable() + "th"
}
}
public program()
{
console.printLine(new Range(0,26).selectBy(mssgconst ordinalize<op>[1]));
console.printLine(new Range(250,26).selectBy(mssgconst ordinalize<op>[1]));
console.printLine(new Range(1000,26).selectBy(mssgconst ordinalize<op>[1]))
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Convert | Non-decimal radices/Convert | Number base conversion is when you express a stored integer in an integer base, such as in octal (base 8) or binary (base 2). It also is involved when you take a string representing a number in a given base and convert it to the stored integer form. Normally, a stored integer is in binary, but that's typically invisible to the user, who normally enters or sees stored integers as decimal.
Task
Write a function (or identify the built-in function) which is passed a non-negative integer to convert, and another integer representing the base.
It should return a string containing the digits of the resulting number, without leading zeros except for the number 0 itself.
For the digits beyond 9, one should use the lowercase English alphabet, where the digit a = 9+1, b = a+1, etc.
For example: the decimal number 26 expressed in base 16 would be 1a.
Write a second function which is passed a string and an integer base, and it returns an integer representing that string interpreted in that base.
The programs may be limited by the word size or other such constraint of a given language. There is no need to do error checking for negatives, bases less than 2, or inappropriate digits.
| #Python | Python | i = int('1a',16) # returns the integer 26 |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Convert | Non-decimal radices/Convert | Number base conversion is when you express a stored integer in an integer base, such as in octal (base 8) or binary (base 2). It also is involved when you take a string representing a number in a given base and convert it to the stored integer form. Normally, a stored integer is in binary, but that's typically invisible to the user, who normally enters or sees stored integers as decimal.
Task
Write a function (or identify the built-in function) which is passed a non-negative integer to convert, and another integer representing the base.
It should return a string containing the digits of the resulting number, without leading zeros except for the number 0 itself.
For the digits beyond 9, one should use the lowercase English alphabet, where the digit a = 9+1, b = a+1, etc.
For example: the decimal number 26 expressed in base 16 would be 1a.
Write a second function which is passed a string and an integer base, and it returns an integer representing that string interpreted in that base.
The programs may be limited by the word size or other such constraint of a given language. There is no need to do error checking for negatives, bases less than 2, or inappropriate digits.
| #Quackery | Quackery | ( [ $ '' over abs
[ base share /mod digit
rot join swap
dup 0 = until ]
drop
swap 0 < if
[ $ '-' swap join ] ] is number$ ( n --> $ )
[ base put
number$
base release
$ '' swap
witheach
[ lower join ] ] is >base$ ( n b --> $ )
say "The number 2970609818455516403037 in hexatrigesimal is "
2970609818455516403037 36 >base$ echo$
say "." |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Narcissistic_decimal_number | Narcissistic decimal number | A Narcissistic decimal number is a non-negative integer,
n
{\displaystyle n}
, that is equal to the sum of the
m
{\displaystyle m}
-th powers of each of the digits in the decimal representation of
n
{\displaystyle n}
, where
m
{\displaystyle m}
is the number of digits in the decimal representation of
n
{\displaystyle n}
.
Narcissistic (decimal) numbers are sometimes called Armstrong numbers, named after Michael F. Armstrong.
They are also known as Plus Perfect numbers.
An example
if
n
{\displaystyle n}
is 153
then
m
{\displaystyle m}
, (the number of decimal digits) is 3
we have 13 + 53 + 33 = 1 + 125 + 27 = 153
and so 153 is a narcissistic decimal number
Task
Generate and show here the first 25 narcissistic decimal numbers.
Note:
0
1
=
0
{\displaystyle 0^{1}=0}
, the first in the series.
See also
the OEIS entry: Armstrong (or Plus Perfect, or narcissistic) numbers.
MathWorld entry: Narcissistic Number.
Wikipedia entry: Narcissistic number.
| #Maple | Maple |
Narc:=proc(i)
local num,len,j,sums:
sums:=0:
num := parse~(StringTools:-Explode((convert(i,string)))):
len:=numelems(num):
for j from 1 to len do
sums:=sums+(num[j]^(len)):
end do;
if sums = i then
return i;
else
return NULL;
end if;
end proc:
i:=0:
NDN:=[]:
while numelems(NDN)<25 do
NDN:=[op(NDN),(Narc(i))]:
i:=i+1:
end do:
NDN;
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Narcissistic_decimal_number | Narcissistic decimal number | A Narcissistic decimal number is a non-negative integer,
n
{\displaystyle n}
, that is equal to the sum of the
m
{\displaystyle m}
-th powers of each of the digits in the decimal representation of
n
{\displaystyle n}
, where
m
{\displaystyle m}
is the number of digits in the decimal representation of
n
{\displaystyle n}
.
Narcissistic (decimal) numbers are sometimes called Armstrong numbers, named after Michael F. Armstrong.
They are also known as Plus Perfect numbers.
An example
if
n
{\displaystyle n}
is 153
then
m
{\displaystyle m}
, (the number of decimal digits) is 3
we have 13 + 53 + 33 = 1 + 125 + 27 = 153
and so 153 is a narcissistic decimal number
Task
Generate and show here the first 25 narcissistic decimal numbers.
Note:
0
1
=
0
{\displaystyle 0^{1}=0}
, the first in the series.
See also
the OEIS entry: Armstrong (or Plus Perfect, or narcissistic) numbers.
MathWorld entry: Narcissistic Number.
Wikipedia entry: Narcissistic number.
| #Mathematica.2FWolfram_Language | Mathematica/Wolfram Language | narc[1] = 0;
narc[n_] := narc[n] = NestWhile[# + 1 &, narc[n - 1] + 1, Plus @@ (IntegerDigits[#]^IntegerLength[#]) != # &];
narc /@ Range[25] |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Munching_squares | Munching squares | Render a graphical pattern where each pixel is colored by the value of 'x xor y' from an arbitrary color table.
| #Prolog | Prolog | xor_pattern :-
new(D, window('XOR Pattern')),
send(D, size, size(512,512)),
new(Img, image(@nil, width := 512, height := 512 , kind := pixmap)),
forall(between(0,511, I),
( forall(between(0,511, J),
( V is I xor J,
R is (V * 1024) mod 65536,
G is (65536 - V * 1024) mod 65536,
( V mod 2 =:= 0
-> B is (V * 4096) mod 65536
; B is (65536 - (V * 4096)) mod 65536),
send(Img, pixel(I, J, colour(@default, R, G, B))))))),
new(Bmp, bitmap(Img)),
send(D, display, Bmp, point(0,0)),
send(D, open).
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Munchausen_numbers | Munchausen numbers | A Munchausen number is a natural number n the sum of whose digits (in base 10), each raised to the power of itself, equals n.
(Munchausen is also spelled: Münchhausen.)
For instance: 3435 = 33 + 44 + 33 + 55
Task
Find all Munchausen numbers between 1 and 5000.
Also see
The OEIS entry: A046253
The Wikipedia entry: Perfect digit-to-digit invariant, redirected from Munchausen Number
| #D | D | import std.stdio;
void main() {
for (int i=1; i<5000; i++) {
// loop through each digit in i
// e.g. for 1000 we get 0, 0, 0, 1.
int sum = 0;
for (int number=i; number>0; number/=10) {
int digit = number % 10;
// find the sum of the digits
// raised to themselves
sum += digit ^^ digit;
}
if (sum == i) {
// the sum is equal to the number
// itself; thus it is a
// munchausen number
writeln(i);
}
}
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Mutual_recursion | Mutual recursion | Two functions are said to be mutually recursive if the first calls the second,
and in turn the second calls the first.
Write two mutually recursive functions that compute members of the Hofstadter Female and Male sequences defined as:
F
(
0
)
=
1
;
M
(
0
)
=
0
F
(
n
)
=
n
−
M
(
F
(
n
−
1
)
)
,
n
>
0
M
(
n
)
=
n
−
F
(
M
(
n
−
1
)
)
,
n
>
0.
{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}F(0)&=1\ ;\ M(0)=0\\F(n)&=n-M(F(n-1)),\quad n>0\\M(n)&=n-F(M(n-1)),\quad n>0.\end{aligned}}}
(If a language does not allow for a solution using mutually recursive functions
then state this rather than give a solution by other means).
| #Clojure | Clojure | (declare F) ; forward reference
(defn M [n]
(if (zero? n)
0
(- n (F (M (dec n))))))
(defn F [n]
(if (zero? n)
1
(- n (M (F (dec n)))))) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Multisplit | Multisplit | It is often necessary to split a string into pieces
based on several different (potentially multi-character) separator strings,
while still retaining the information about which separators were present in the input.
This is particularly useful when doing small parsing tasks.
The task is to write code to demonstrate this.
The function (or procedure or method, as appropriate) should
take an input string and an ordered collection of separators.
The order of the separators is significant:
The delimiter order represents priority in matching, with the first defined delimiter having the highest priority.
In cases where there would be an ambiguity as to
which separator to use at a particular point
(e.g., because one separator is a prefix of another)
the separator with the highest priority should be used.
Delimiters can be reused and the output from the function should be an ordered sequence of substrings.
Test your code using the input string “a!===b=!=c” and the separators “==”, “!=” and “=”.
For these inputs the string should be parsed as "a" (!=) "" (==) "b" (=) "" (!=) "c", where matched delimiters are shown in parentheses, and separated strings are quoted, so our resulting output is "a", empty string, "b", empty string, "c".
Note that the quotation marks are shown for clarity and do not form part of the output.
Extra Credit: provide information that indicates which separator was matched at each separation point and where in the input string that separator was matched.
| #Lua | Lua | --[[
Returns a table of substrings by splitting the given string on
occurrences of the given character delimiters, which may be specified
as a single- or multi-character string or a table of such strings.
If chars is omitted, it defaults to the set of all space characters,
and keep is taken to be false. The limit and keep arguments are
optional: they are a maximum size for the result and a flag
determining whether empty fields should be kept in the result.
]]
function split (str, chars, limit, keep)
local limit, splitTable, entry, pos, match = limit or 0, {}, "", 1
if keep == nil then keep = true end
if not chars then
for e in string.gmatch(str, "%S+") do
table.insert(splitTable, e)
end
return splitTable
end
while pos <= str:len() do
match = nil
if type(chars) == "table" then
for _, delim in pairs(chars) do
if str:sub(pos, pos + delim:len() - 1) == delim then
match = string.len(delim) - 1
break
end
end
elseif str:sub(pos, pos + chars:len() - 1) == chars then
match = string.len(chars) - 1
end
if match then
if not (keep == false and entry == "") then
table.insert(splitTable, entry)
if #splitTable == limit then return splitTable end
entry = ""
end
else
entry = entry .. str:sub(pos, pos)
end
pos = pos + 1 + (match or 0)
end
if entry ~= "" then table.insert(splitTable, entry) end
return splitTable
end
local multisplit = split("a!===b=!=c", {"==", "!=", "="})
-- Returned result is a table (key/value pairs) - display all entries
print("Key\tValue")
print("---\t-----")
for k, v in pairs(multisplit) do
print(k, v)
end |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/N-queens_problem | N-queens problem |
Solve the eight queens puzzle.
You can extend the problem to solve the puzzle with a board of size NxN.
For the number of solutions for small values of N, see OEIS: A000170.
Related tasks
A* search algorithm
Solve a Hidato puzzle
Solve a Holy Knight's tour
Knight's tour
Peaceful chess queen armies
Solve a Hopido puzzle
Solve a Numbrix puzzle
Solve the no connection puzzle
| #BBC_BASIC | BBC BASIC | Size% = 8
Cell% = 32
VDU 23,22,Size%*Cell%;Size%*Cell%;Cell%,Cell%,16,128+8,5
*font Arial Unicode MS,16
GCOL 3,11
FOR i% = 0 TO Size%-1 STEP 2
RECTANGLE FILL i%*Cell%*2,0,Cell%*2,Size%*Cell%*2
RECTANGLE FILL 0,i%*Cell%*2,Size%*Cell%*2,Cell%*2
NEXT
num% = FNqueens(Size%, Cell%)
SYS "SetWindowText", @hwnd%, "Total " + STR$(num%) + " solutions"
REPEAT : WAIT 1 : UNTIL FALSE
END
DEF FNqueens(n%, s%)
LOCAL i%, j%, m%, p%, q%, r%, a%(), b%(), c%()
DIM a%(n%), b%(n%), c%(4*n%-2)
FOR i% = 1 TO DIM(a%(),1) : a%(i%) = i% : NEXT
m% = 0
i% = 1
j% = 0
r% = 2*n%-1
REPEAT
i% -= 1
j% += 1
p% = 0
q% = -r%
REPEAT
i% += 1
c%(p%) = 1
c%(q%+r%) = 1
SWAP a%(i%),a%(j%)
p% = i% - a%(i%) + n%
q% = i% + a%(i%) - 1
b%(i%) = j%
j% = i% + 1
UNTIL j% > n% OR c%(p%) OR c%(q%+r%)
IF c%(p%)=0 IF c%(q%+r%)=0 THEN
IF m% = 0 THEN
FOR p% = 1 TO n%
MOVE 2*s%*(a%(p%)-1)+6, 2*s%*p%+6
PRINT "♛";
NEXT
ENDIF
m% += 1
ENDIF
j% = b%(i%)
WHILE j% >= n% AND i% <> 0
REPEAT
SWAP a%(i%), a%(j%)
j% = j%-1
UNTIL j% < i%
i% -= 1
p% = i% - a%(i%) + n%
q% = i% + a%(i%) - 1
j% = b%(i%)
c%(p%) = 0
c%(q%+r%) = 0
ENDWHILE
UNTIL i% = 0
= m% |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Nth_root | Nth root | Task
Implement the algorithm to compute the principal nth root
A
n
{\displaystyle {\sqrt[{n}]{A}}}
of a positive real number A, as explained at the Wikipedia page.
| #Mathematica.2FWolfram_Language | Mathematica/Wolfram Language | Root[A,n] |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Nth_root | Nth root | Task
Implement the algorithm to compute the principal nth root
A
n
{\displaystyle {\sqrt[{n}]{A}}}
of a positive real number A, as explained at the Wikipedia page.
| #MATLAB | MATLAB | function answer = nthRoot(number,root)
format long
answer = number / root;
guess = number;
while not(guess == answer)
guess = answer;
answer = (1/root)*( ((root - 1)*guess) + ( number/(guess^(root - 1)) ) );
end
end |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/N%27th | N'th | Write a function/method/subroutine/... that when given an integer greater than or equal to zero returns a string of the number followed by an apostrophe then the ordinal suffix.
Example
Returns would include 1'st 2'nd 3'rd 11'th 111'th 1001'st 1012'th
Task
Use your routine to show here the output for at least the following (inclusive) ranges of integer inputs:
0..25, 250..265, 1000..1025
Note: apostrophes are now optional to allow correct apostrophe-less English.
| #Elixir | Elixir | defmodule RC do
def ordinalize(n) do
num = abs(n)
ordinal = if rem(num, 100) in 4..20 do
"th"
else
case rem(num, 10) do
1 -> "st"
2 -> "nd"
3 -> "rd"
_ -> "th"
end
end
"#{n}#{ordinal}"
end
end
Enum.each([0..25, 250..265, 1000..1025], fn range ->
Enum.map(range, fn n -> RC.ordinalize(n) end) |> Enum.join(" ") |> IO.puts
end) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Convert | Non-decimal radices/Convert | Number base conversion is when you express a stored integer in an integer base, such as in octal (base 8) or binary (base 2). It also is involved when you take a string representing a number in a given base and convert it to the stored integer form. Normally, a stored integer is in binary, but that's typically invisible to the user, who normally enters or sees stored integers as decimal.
Task
Write a function (or identify the built-in function) which is passed a non-negative integer to convert, and another integer representing the base.
It should return a string containing the digits of the resulting number, without leading zeros except for the number 0 itself.
For the digits beyond 9, one should use the lowercase English alphabet, where the digit a = 9+1, b = a+1, etc.
For example: the decimal number 26 expressed in base 16 would be 1a.
Write a second function which is passed a string and an integer base, and it returns an integer representing that string interpreted in that base.
The programs may be limited by the word size or other such constraint of a given language. There is no need to do error checking for negatives, bases less than 2, or inappropriate digits.
| #R | R |
int2str <- function(x, b) {
if(x==0) return("0")
if(x<0) return(paste0("-", base(-x,b)))
map <- c(as.character(0:9), letters)
res <- ""
while (x>0) {
res <- c(map[x %% b + 1], res)
x <- x %/% b
}
return(paste(res, collapse=""))
}
str2int <- function(s, b) {
map <- c(as.character(0:9), letters)
s <- strsplit(s,"")[[1]]
res <- sapply(s, function(x) which(map==x))
res <- as.vector((res-1) %*% b^((length(res)-1):0))
return(res)
}
## example: convert 255 to hex (ff):
int2str(255, 16)
## example: convert "1a" in base 16 to integer (26):
str2int("1a", 16)
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Convert | Non-decimal radices/Convert | Number base conversion is when you express a stored integer in an integer base, such as in octal (base 8) or binary (base 2). It also is involved when you take a string representing a number in a given base and convert it to the stored integer form. Normally, a stored integer is in binary, but that's typically invisible to the user, who normally enters or sees stored integers as decimal.
Task
Write a function (or identify the built-in function) which is passed a non-negative integer to convert, and another integer representing the base.
It should return a string containing the digits of the resulting number, without leading zeros except for the number 0 itself.
For the digits beyond 9, one should use the lowercase English alphabet, where the digit a = 9+1, b = a+1, etc.
For example: the decimal number 26 expressed in base 16 would be 1a.
Write a second function which is passed a string and an integer base, and it returns an integer representing that string interpreted in that base.
The programs may be limited by the word size or other such constraint of a given language. There is no need to do error checking for negatives, bases less than 2, or inappropriate digits.
| #Racket | Racket |
#lang racket
;; Both assume valid inputs
(define (num->str N r)
(let loop ([N N] [digits '()])
(define-values [N1 d] (quotient/remainder N r))
(define digits1 (cons (integer->char (+ d (if (< d 10) 48 55))) digits))
(if (zero? N) (list->string digits1) (loop N1 digits1))))
(define (str->num S r)
(for/fold ([N 0])
([B (string->bytes/utf-8 (string-upcase S))])
(+ (* N r) (- B (if (< 64 B) 55 48)))))
;; To try it out:
(define (random-test)
(define N (random 1000000))
(define r (+ 2 (random 35)))
(define S (num->str N r))
(define M (str->num S r))
(printf "~s -> ~a#~a -> ~a => ~a\n" N S r M (if (= M N) 'OK 'BAD)))
;; (random-test)
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Narcissistic_decimal_number | Narcissistic decimal number | A Narcissistic decimal number is a non-negative integer,
n
{\displaystyle n}
, that is equal to the sum of the
m
{\displaystyle m}
-th powers of each of the digits in the decimal representation of
n
{\displaystyle n}
, where
m
{\displaystyle m}
is the number of digits in the decimal representation of
n
{\displaystyle n}
.
Narcissistic (decimal) numbers are sometimes called Armstrong numbers, named after Michael F. Armstrong.
They are also known as Plus Perfect numbers.
An example
if
n
{\displaystyle n}
is 153
then
m
{\displaystyle m}
, (the number of decimal digits) is 3
we have 13 + 53 + 33 = 1 + 125 + 27 = 153
and so 153 is a narcissistic decimal number
Task
Generate and show here the first 25 narcissistic decimal numbers.
Note:
0
1
=
0
{\displaystyle 0^{1}=0}
, the first in the series.
See also
the OEIS entry: Armstrong (or Plus Perfect, or narcissistic) numbers.
MathWorld entry: Narcissistic Number.
Wikipedia entry: Narcissistic number.
| #MATLAB | MATLAB | function testNarcissism
x = 0;
c = 0;
while c < 25
if isNarcissistic(x)
fprintf('%d ', x)
c = c+1;
end
x = x+1;
end
fprintf('\n')
end
function tf = isNarcissistic(n)
dig = sprintf('%d', n) - '0';
tf = n == sum(dig.^length(dig));
end |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Munching_squares | Munching squares | Render a graphical pattern where each pixel is colored by the value of 'x xor y' from an arbitrary color table.
| #PureBasic | PureBasic | #palletteSize = 128
Procedure.f XorPattern(x, y) ;compute the gradient value from the pixel values
Protected result = x ! y
ProcedureReturn Mod(result, #palletteSize) / #palletteSize
EndProcedure
Procedure drawPattern()
StartDrawing(ImageOutput(0))
DrawingMode(#PB_2DDrawing_Gradient)
CustomGradient(@XorPattern())
;specify a gradient pallette from which only specific indexes will be used
For i = 1 To #palletteSize
GradientColor(1 / i, i * $BACE9B) ; or alternatively use $BEEFDEAD
Next
Box(0, 0, ImageWidth(0), ImageHeight(0))
StopDrawing()
EndProcedure
If OpenWindow(0, 0, 0, 128, 128, "XOR Pattern", #PB_Window_SystemMenu)
CreateImage(0, WindowWidth(0), WindowHeight(0))
drawPattern()
ImageGadget(0, 0, 0, ImageWidth(0), ImageHeight(0), ImageID(0))
Repeat
event = WaitWindowEvent(20)
Until event = #PB_Event_CloseWindow
EndIf |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Munchausen_numbers | Munchausen numbers | A Munchausen number is a natural number n the sum of whose digits (in base 10), each raised to the power of itself, equals n.
(Munchausen is also spelled: Münchhausen.)
For instance: 3435 = 33 + 44 + 33 + 55
Task
Find all Munchausen numbers between 1 and 5000.
Also see
The OEIS entry: A046253
The Wikipedia entry: Perfect digit-to-digit invariant, redirected from Munchausen Number
| #Dc | Dc | [ O ~ S! d 0!=M L! d ^ + ] sM
[p] sp
[z d d lM x =p z 5001>L ] sL
lL x |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Mutual_recursion | Mutual recursion | Two functions are said to be mutually recursive if the first calls the second,
and in turn the second calls the first.
Write two mutually recursive functions that compute members of the Hofstadter Female and Male sequences defined as:
F
(
0
)
=
1
;
M
(
0
)
=
0
F
(
n
)
=
n
−
M
(
F
(
n
−
1
)
)
,
n
>
0
M
(
n
)
=
n
−
F
(
M
(
n
−
1
)
)
,
n
>
0.
{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}F(0)&=1\ ;\ M(0)=0\\F(n)&=n-M(F(n-1)),\quad n>0\\M(n)&=n-F(M(n-1)),\quad n>0.\end{aligned}}}
(If a language does not allow for a solution using mutually recursive functions
then state this rather than give a solution by other means).
| #CLU | CLU | % At the top level, definitions can only see the definitions above.
% But if we put F and M in a cluster, they can see each other.
mutrec = cluster is F, M
rep = null
F = proc (n: int) returns (int)
if n=0 then return(1)
else return(n - M(F(n-1)))
end
end F
M = proc (n: int) returns (int)
if n=0 then return(0)
else return(n - F(M(n-1)))
end
end M
end mutrec
% If we absolutely _must_ have them defined at the top level,
% we can then just take them out of the cluster.
F = mutrec$F
M = mutrec$M
% Print the first few values for F and M
print_first_16 = proc (name: string, fn: proctype (int) returns (int))
po: stream := stream$primary_output()
stream$puts(po, name || ":")
for i: int in int$from_to(0,15) do
stream$puts(po, " " || int$unparse(fn(i)))
end
stream$putl(po, "")
end print_first_16
start_up = proc ()
print_first_16("F", F)
print_first_16("M", M)
end start_up |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Multisplit | Multisplit | It is often necessary to split a string into pieces
based on several different (potentially multi-character) separator strings,
while still retaining the information about which separators were present in the input.
This is particularly useful when doing small parsing tasks.
The task is to write code to demonstrate this.
The function (or procedure or method, as appropriate) should
take an input string and an ordered collection of separators.
The order of the separators is significant:
The delimiter order represents priority in matching, with the first defined delimiter having the highest priority.
In cases where there would be an ambiguity as to
which separator to use at a particular point
(e.g., because one separator is a prefix of another)
the separator with the highest priority should be used.
Delimiters can be reused and the output from the function should be an ordered sequence of substrings.
Test your code using the input string “a!===b=!=c” and the separators “==”, “!=” and “=”.
For these inputs the string should be parsed as "a" (!=) "" (==) "b" (=) "" (!=) "c", where matched delimiters are shown in parentheses, and separated strings are quoted, so our resulting output is "a", empty string, "b", empty string, "c".
Note that the quotation marks are shown for clarity and do not form part of the output.
Extra Credit: provide information that indicates which separator was matched at each separation point and where in the input string that separator was matched.
| #M2000_Interpreter | M2000 Interpreter |
Module CheckIt {
DIM sep$()
sep$() = ("==", "!=", "=")
PRINT "String splits into:"
FNmultisplit("a!===b=!=c", sep$(), FALSE)
PRINT "For extra credit:"
FNmultisplit("a!===b=!=c", sep$(), TRUE)
END
SUB FNmultisplit(s$, d$(), info%)
LOCAL d%, i%, j%, m%, p%, o$
p% = 1
REPEAT {
m% = LEN(s$)
FOR i% = 0 TO DIMENSION(d$(),1)-1
d% = INSTR(s$, d$(i%), p%)
IF d% THEN IF d% < m% THEN m% = d% : j% = i%
NEXT I%
IF m% < LEN(s$) THEN {
o$ += """" + MID$(s$, p%, m%-p%) + """"
IF info% THEN {o$ += " (" + d$(j%) + ") "} ELSE o$ += ", "
p% = m% + LEN(d$(j%))
}
} UNTIL m% = LEN(s$)
PRINT o$ + """" + MID$(s$, p%) + """"
END SUB
}
CheckIt
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Multisplit | Multisplit | It is often necessary to split a string into pieces
based on several different (potentially multi-character) separator strings,
while still retaining the information about which separators were present in the input.
This is particularly useful when doing small parsing tasks.
The task is to write code to demonstrate this.
The function (or procedure or method, as appropriate) should
take an input string and an ordered collection of separators.
The order of the separators is significant:
The delimiter order represents priority in matching, with the first defined delimiter having the highest priority.
In cases where there would be an ambiguity as to
which separator to use at a particular point
(e.g., because one separator is a prefix of another)
the separator with the highest priority should be used.
Delimiters can be reused and the output from the function should be an ordered sequence of substrings.
Test your code using the input string “a!===b=!=c” and the separators “==”, “!=” and “=”.
For these inputs the string should be parsed as "a" (!=) "" (==) "b" (=) "" (!=) "c", where matched delimiters are shown in parentheses, and separated strings are quoted, so our resulting output is "a", empty string, "b", empty string, "c".
Note that the quotation marks are shown for clarity and do not form part of the output.
Extra Credit: provide information that indicates which separator was matched at each separation point and where in the input string that separator was matched.
| #Mathematica.2FWolfram_Language | Mathematica/Wolfram Language | StringSplit["a!===b=!=c", {"==", "!=", "="}] |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/N-queens_problem | N-queens problem |
Solve the eight queens puzzle.
You can extend the problem to solve the puzzle with a board of size NxN.
For the number of solutions for small values of N, see OEIS: A000170.
Related tasks
A* search algorithm
Solve a Hidato puzzle
Solve a Holy Knight's tour
Knight's tour
Peaceful chess queen armies
Solve a Hopido puzzle
Solve a Numbrix puzzle
Solve the no connection puzzle
| #BCPL | BCPL | // This can be run using Cintcode BCPL freely available from www.cl.cam.ac.uk/users/mr10.
GET "libhdr.h"
GLOBAL { count:ug; all }
LET try(ld, row, rd) BE TEST row=all
THEN count := count + 1
ELSE { LET poss = all & ~(ld | row | rd)
WHILE poss DO
{ LET p = poss & -poss
poss := poss - p
try(ld+p << 1, row+p, rd+p >> 1)
}
}
LET start() = VALOF
{ all := 1
FOR i = 1 TO 16 DO
{ count := 0
try(0, 0, 0)
writef("Number of solutions to %i2-queens is %i7*n", i, count)
all := 2*all + 1
}
RESULTIS 0
}
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Nth_root | Nth root | Task
Implement the algorithm to compute the principal nth root
A
n
{\displaystyle {\sqrt[{n}]{A}}}
of a positive real number A, as explained at the Wikipedia page.
| #Maxima | Maxima | nth_root(a, n) := block(
[x, y, d, p: fpprec],
fpprec: p + 10,
x: bfloat(a),
eps: 10.0b0^-p,
y: do (
d: bfloat((a / x^(n - 1) - x) / n),
if abs(d) < eps * x then return(x),
x: x + d
),
fpprec: p,
bfloat(y)
)$ |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Nth_root | Nth root | Task
Implement the algorithm to compute the principal nth root
A
n
{\displaystyle {\sqrt[{n}]{A}}}
of a positive real number A, as explained at the Wikipedia page.
| #Metafont | Metafont | vardef mnthroot(expr n, A) =
x0 := A / n;
m := n - 1;
forever:
x1 := (m*x0 + A/(x0 ** m)) / n;
exitif abs(x1 - x0) < abs(x0 * 0.0001);
x0 := x1;
endfor;
x1
enddef;
primarydef n nthroot A = mnthroot(n, A) enddef;
show 5 nthroot 34; % 2.0244
show 0.5 nthroot 7; % 49.00528
bye |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/N%27th | N'th | Write a function/method/subroutine/... that when given an integer greater than or equal to zero returns a string of the number followed by an apostrophe then the ordinal suffix.
Example
Returns would include 1'st 2'nd 3'rd 11'th 111'th 1001'st 1012'th
Task
Use your routine to show here the output for at least the following (inclusive) ranges of integer inputs:
0..25, 250..265, 1000..1025
Note: apostrophes are now optional to allow correct apostrophe-less English.
| #ERRE | ERRE |
PROGRAM NTH_SOLVE
!
! for rosettacode.org
!
PROCEDURE NTH(S%,E%)
LOCAL I%,SUFF$
FOR I%=S% TO E% DO
SUFF$="th"
IF I% MOD 10=1 AND I% MOD 100<>11 THEN SUFF$="st" END IF
IF I% MOD 10=2 AND I% MOD 100<>12 THEN SUFF$="nd" END IF
IF I% MOD 10=3 AND I% MOD 100<>13 THEN SUFF$="rd" END IF
PRINT(STR$(I%)+SUFF$+" ";)
END FOR
PRINT
END PROCEDURE
BEGIN
NTH(0,25)
NTH(250,265)
NTH(1000,1025)
END PROGRAM
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Convert | Non-decimal radices/Convert | Number base conversion is when you express a stored integer in an integer base, such as in octal (base 8) or binary (base 2). It also is involved when you take a string representing a number in a given base and convert it to the stored integer form. Normally, a stored integer is in binary, but that's typically invisible to the user, who normally enters or sees stored integers as decimal.
Task
Write a function (or identify the built-in function) which is passed a non-negative integer to convert, and another integer representing the base.
It should return a string containing the digits of the resulting number, without leading zeros except for the number 0 itself.
For the digits beyond 9, one should use the lowercase English alphabet, where the digit a = 9+1, b = a+1, etc.
For example: the decimal number 26 expressed in base 16 would be 1a.
Write a second function which is passed a string and an integer base, and it returns an integer representing that string interpreted in that base.
The programs may be limited by the word size or other such constraint of a given language. There is no need to do error checking for negatives, bases less than 2, or inappropriate digits.
| #Raku | Raku | sub from-base(Str $str, Int $base) {
+":$base\<$str>";
}
sub to-base(Real $num, Int $base) {
$num.base($base);
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Narcissistic_decimal_number | Narcissistic decimal number | A Narcissistic decimal number is a non-negative integer,
n
{\displaystyle n}
, that is equal to the sum of the
m
{\displaystyle m}
-th powers of each of the digits in the decimal representation of
n
{\displaystyle n}
, where
m
{\displaystyle m}
is the number of digits in the decimal representation of
n
{\displaystyle n}
.
Narcissistic (decimal) numbers are sometimes called Armstrong numbers, named after Michael F. Armstrong.
They are also known as Plus Perfect numbers.
An example
if
n
{\displaystyle n}
is 153
then
m
{\displaystyle m}
, (the number of decimal digits) is 3
we have 13 + 53 + 33 = 1 + 125 + 27 = 153
and so 153 is a narcissistic decimal number
Task
Generate and show here the first 25 narcissistic decimal numbers.
Note:
0
1
=
0
{\displaystyle 0^{1}=0}
, the first in the series.
See also
the OEIS entry: Armstrong (or Plus Perfect, or narcissistic) numbers.
MathWorld entry: Narcissistic Number.
Wikipedia entry: Narcissistic number.
| #Nanoquery | Nanoquery | def is_narcissist(num)
digits = {}
for digit in str(num)
digits.append(int(digit))
end
sum = 0
for digit in digits
sum += digit ^ len(num)
end
return sum = num
end
def narcissist(n)
results = {}
i = 0
while len(results) < n
if is_narcissist(i)
results.append(i)
end
i += 1
end
return results
end
// get 25 narcissist numbers
for num in narcissist(25)
print num + " "
end
println |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Narcissistic_decimal_number | Narcissistic decimal number | A Narcissistic decimal number is a non-negative integer,
n
{\displaystyle n}
, that is equal to the sum of the
m
{\displaystyle m}
-th powers of each of the digits in the decimal representation of
n
{\displaystyle n}
, where
m
{\displaystyle m}
is the number of digits in the decimal representation of
n
{\displaystyle n}
.
Narcissistic (decimal) numbers are sometimes called Armstrong numbers, named after Michael F. Armstrong.
They are also known as Plus Perfect numbers.
An example
if
n
{\displaystyle n}
is 153
then
m
{\displaystyle m}
, (the number of decimal digits) is 3
we have 13 + 53 + 33 = 1 + 125 + 27 = 153
and so 153 is a narcissistic decimal number
Task
Generate and show here the first 25 narcissistic decimal numbers.
Note:
0
1
=
0
{\displaystyle 0^{1}=0}
, the first in the series.
See also
the OEIS entry: Armstrong (or Plus Perfect, or narcissistic) numbers.
MathWorld entry: Narcissistic Number.
Wikipedia entry: Narcissistic number.
| #Nim | Nim | import sequtils, strutils
func digits(n: Natural): seq[int] =
result.add n mod 10
var n = n div 10
while n != 0:
result.add n mod 10
n = n div 10
proc findNarcissistic(count: Natural): seq[int] =
var
n = 0
m = 10
powers = toseq(0..9)
while true:
while n < m:
var s = 0
for d in n.digits:
inc s, powers[d]
if s == n:
result.add n
if result.len == count: return
inc n
for i in 0..9: powers[i] *= i
m *= 10
echo findNarcissistic(25).join(" ") |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Munching_squares | Munching squares | Render a graphical pattern where each pixel is colored by the value of 'x xor y' from an arbitrary color table.
| #Python | Python | import Image, ImageDraw
image = Image.new("RGB", (256, 256))
drawingTool = ImageDraw.Draw(image)
for x in range(256):
for y in range(256):
drawingTool.point((x, y), (0, x^y, 0))
del drawingTool
image.save("xorpic.png", "PNG") |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Munchausen_numbers | Munchausen numbers | A Munchausen number is a natural number n the sum of whose digits (in base 10), each raised to the power of itself, equals n.
(Munchausen is also spelled: Münchhausen.)
For instance: 3435 = 33 + 44 + 33 + 55
Task
Find all Munchausen numbers between 1 and 5000.
Also see
The OEIS entry: A046253
The Wikipedia entry: Perfect digit-to-digit invariant, redirected from Munchausen Number
| #Delphi | Delphi | defmodule Munchausen do
@pow for i <- 0..9, into: %{}, do: {i, :math.pow(i,i) |> round}
def number?(n) do
n == Integer.digits(n) |> Enum.reduce(0, fn d,acc -> @pow[d] + acc end)
end
end
Enum.each(1..5000, fn i ->
if Munchausen.number?(i), do: IO.puts i
end) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Mutual_recursion | Mutual recursion | Two functions are said to be mutually recursive if the first calls the second,
and in turn the second calls the first.
Write two mutually recursive functions that compute members of the Hofstadter Female and Male sequences defined as:
F
(
0
)
=
1
;
M
(
0
)
=
0
F
(
n
)
=
n
−
M
(
F
(
n
−
1
)
)
,
n
>
0
M
(
n
)
=
n
−
F
(
M
(
n
−
1
)
)
,
n
>
0.
{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}F(0)&=1\ ;\ M(0)=0\\F(n)&=n-M(F(n-1)),\quad n>0\\M(n)&=n-F(M(n-1)),\quad n>0.\end{aligned}}}
(If a language does not allow for a solution using mutually recursive functions
then state this rather than give a solution by other means).
| #CoffeeScript | CoffeeScript |
F = (n) ->
if n is 0 then 1 else n - M F n - 1
M = (n) ->
if n is 0 then 0 else n - F M n - 1
console.log [0...20].map F
console.log [0...20].map M
|
Subsets and Splits
Select Specific Languages Codes
Retrieves specific programming language names and codes from training data, providing basic filtering but limited analytical value beyond identifying these particular languages.