task_url stringlengths 30 116 | task_name stringlengths 2 86 | task_description stringlengths 0 14.4k | language_url stringlengths 2 53 | language_name stringlengths 1 52 | code stringlengths 0 61.9k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Input | Non-decimal radices/Input | It is common to have a string containing a number written in some format, with the most common ones being decimal, hexadecimal, octal and binary. Such strings are found in many places (user interfaces, configuration files, XML data, network protocols, etc.)
This task requires parsing of such a string (which may be assumed to contain nothing else) using the language's built-in facilities if possible. Parsing of decimal strings is required, parsing of other formats is optional but should be shown (i.e., if the language can parse in base-19 then that should be illustrated).
The solutions may assume that the base of the number in the string is known. In particular, if your language has a facility to guess the base of a number by looking at a prefix (e.g. "0x" for hexadecimal) or other distinguishing syntax as it parses it, please show that.
The reverse operation is in task Non-decimal radices/Output
For general number base conversion, see Non-decimal radices/Convert.
| #C.2B.2B | C++ | #include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
int main()
{
int num;
std::istringstream("0123459") >> num;
std::cout << num << std::endl; // prints 123459
std::istringstream("0123459") >> std::dec >> num;
std::cout << num << std::endl; // prints 123459
std::istringstream("abcf123") >> std::hex >> num;
std::cout << num << std::endl; // prints 180154659
std::istringstream("7651") >> std::oct >> num;
std::cout << num << std::endl; // prints 4009
// binary not supported
return 0;
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Output | Non-decimal radices/Output | Programming languages often have built-in routines to convert a non-negative integer for printing in different number bases. Such common number bases might include binary, Octal and Hexadecimal.
Task
Print a small range of integers in some different bases, as supported by standard routines of your programming language.
Note
This is distinct from Number base conversion as a user-defined conversion function is not asked for.)
The reverse operation is Common number base parsing.
| #Arturo | Arturo | loop 0..33 'i ->
print [
pad as.binary i 6
pad as.octal i 2
pad to :string i 2
pad as.hex i 2
] |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Output | Non-decimal radices/Output | Programming languages often have built-in routines to convert a non-negative integer for printing in different number bases. Such common number bases might include binary, Octal and Hexadecimal.
Task
Print a small range of integers in some different bases, as supported by standard routines of your programming language.
Note
This is distinct from Number base conversion as a user-defined conversion function is not asked for.)
The reverse operation is Common number base parsing.
| #AWK | AWK | $ awk '{printf("%d 0%o 0x%x\n",$1,$1,$1)}'
10
10 012 0xa
16
16 020 0x10
255
255 0377 0xff |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Number_names | Number names | Task
Show how to spell out a number in English.
You can use a preexisting implementation or roll your own, but you should support inputs up to at least one million (or the maximum value of your language's default bounded integer type, if that's less).
Support for inputs other than positive integers (like zero, negative integers, and floating-point numbers) is optional.
Related task
Spelling of ordinal numbers.
| #PowerShell | PowerShell |
function Get-NumberName
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Spells out a number in English.
.DESCRIPTION
Spells out a number in English in the range of 0 to 999,999,999.
.NOTES
The code for this function was copied (almost word for word) from the C#
example on this page to show how similar Powershell is to C#.
.PARAMETER Number
One or more integers in the range of 0 to 999,999,999.
.EXAMPLE
Get-NumberName -Number 666
.EXAMPLE
Get-NumberName 1, 234, 31337, 987654321
.EXAMPLE
1, 234, 31337, 987654321 | Get-NumberName
#>
[CmdletBinding()]
[OutputType([string])]
Param
(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true, ValueFromPipeline=$true)]
[ValidateRange(0,999999999)]
[int[]]
$Number
)
Begin
{
[string[]]$incrementsOfOne = "zero", "one", "two", "three", "four",
"five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine",
"ten", "eleven", "twelve", "thirteen", "fourteen",
"fifteen", "sixteen", "seventeen", "eighteen", "nineteen"
[string[]]$incrementsOfTen = "", "", "twenty", "thirty", "fourty",
"fifty", "sixty", "seventy", "eighty", "ninety"
[string]$millionName = "million"
[string]$thousandName = "thousand"
[string]$hundredName = "hundred"
[string]$andName = "and"
function GetName([int]$i)
{
[string]$output = ""
if ($i -ge 1000000)
{
$remainder = $null
$output += (ParseTriplet ([Math]::DivRem($i,1000000,[ref]$remainder))) + " " + $millionName
$i = $remainder
if ($i -eq 0) { return $output }
}
if ($i -ge 1000)
{
if ($output.Length -gt 0)
{
$output += ", "
}
$remainder = $null
$output += (ParseTriplet ([Math]::DivRem($i,1000,[ref]$remainder))) + " " + $thousandName
$i = $remainder
if ($i -eq 0) { return $output }
}
if ($output.Length -gt 0)
{
$output += ", "
}
$output += (ParseTriplet $i)
return $output
}
function ParseTriplet([int]$i)
{
[string]$output = ""
if ($i -ge 100)
{
$remainder = $null
$output += $incrementsOfOne[([Math]::DivRem($i,100,[ref]$remainder))] + " " + $hundredName
$i = $remainder
if ($i -eq 0) { return $output }
}
if ($output.Length -gt 0)
{
$output += " " + $andName + " "
}
if ($i -ge 20)
{
$remainder = $null
$output += $incrementsOfTen[([Math]::DivRem($i,10,[ref]$remainder))]
$i = $remainder
if ($i -eq 0) { return $output }
}
if ($output.Length -gt 0)
{
$output += " "
}
$output += $incrementsOfOne[$i]
return $output
}
}
Process
{
foreach ($n in $Number)
{
[PSCustomObject]@{
Number = $n
Name = GetName $n
}
}
}
}
1, 234, 31337, 987654321 | Get-NumberName
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Number_reversal_game | Number reversal game | Task
Given a jumbled list of the numbers 1 to 9 that are definitely not in
ascending order.
Show the list, and then ask the player how many digits from the
left to reverse.
Reverse those digits, then ask again, until all the digits end up in ascending order.
The score is the count of the reversals needed to attain the ascending order.
Note: Assume the player's input does not need extra validation.
Related tasks
Sorting algorithms/Pancake sort
Pancake sorting.
Topswops
| #Quackery | Quackery | [ 0 temp put
[] 9 times
[ i^ 1+ join ]
dup
[ shuffle 2dup != until ]
[ dup echo cr
2dup != while
[ $ "Reverse how many? "
input
$->n not iff
drop again ]
split dip reverse join
1 temp tally
again ]
drop cr
say "That took "
temp take echo
say " reversals." ] is play ( --> ) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/One-dimensional_cellular_automata | One-dimensional cellular automata | Assume an array of cells with an initial distribution of live and dead cells,
and imaginary cells off the end of the array having fixed values.
Cells in the next generation of the array are calculated based on the value of the cell and its left and right nearest neighbours in the current generation.
If, in the following table, a live cell is represented by 1 and a dead cell by 0 then to generate the value of the cell at a particular index in the array of cellular values you use the following table:
000 -> 0 #
001 -> 0 #
010 -> 0 # Dies without enough neighbours
011 -> 1 # Needs one neighbour to survive
100 -> 0 #
101 -> 1 # Two neighbours giving birth
110 -> 1 # Needs one neighbour to survive
111 -> 0 # Starved to death.
| #Vedit_macro_language | Vedit macro language | IT("Gen 0: ..###.##.#.#.#.#..#.....") // initial pattern
#9 = Cur_Col
for (#8 = 1; #8 < 10; #8++) { // 10 generations
Goto_Col(7)
Reg_Empty(20)
while (Cur_Col < #9-1) {
if (Match("|{##|!#,#.#,|!###}")==0) {
Reg_Set(20, "#", APPEND)
} else {
Reg_Set(20, ".", APPEND)
}
Char
}
EOL IN
IT("Gen ") Num_Ins(#8, LEFT+NOCR) IT(": ")
Reg_Ins(20)
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Nonoblock | Nonoblock | Nonoblock is a chip off the old Nonogram puzzle.
Given
The number of cells in a row.
The size of each, (space separated), connected block of cells to fit in the row, in left-to right order.
Task
show all possible positions.
show the number of positions of the blocks for the following cases within the row.
show all output on this page.
use a "neat" diagram of the block positions.
Enumerate the following configurations
5 cells and [2, 1] blocks
5 cells and [] blocks (no blocks)
10 cells and [8] blocks
15 cells and [2, 3, 2, 3] blocks
5 cells and [2, 3] blocks (should give some indication of this not being possible)
Example
Given a row of five cells and a block of two cells followed by a block of one cell - in that order, the example could be shown as:
|_|_|_|_|_| # 5 cells and [2, 1] blocks
And would expand to the following 3 possible rows of block positions:
|A|A|_|B|_|
|A|A|_|_|B|
|_|A|A|_|B|
Note how the sets of blocks are always separated by a space.
Note also that it is not necessary for each block to have a separate letter.
Output approximating
This:
|#|#|_|#|_|
|#|#|_|_|#|
|_|#|#|_|#|
This would also work:
##.#.
##..#
.##.#
An algorithm
Find the minimum space to the right that is needed to legally hold all but the leftmost block of cells (with a space between blocks remember).
The leftmost cell can legitimately be placed in all positions from the LHS up to a RH position that allows enough room for the rest of the blocks.
for each position of the LH block recursively compute the position of the rest of the blocks in the remaining space to the right of the current placement of the LH block.
(This is the algorithm used in the Nonoblock#Python solution).
Reference
The blog post Nonogram puzzle solver (part 1) Inspired this task and donated its Nonoblock#Python solution.
| #JavaScript | JavaScript | const compose = (...fn) => (...x) => fn.reduce((a, b) => c => a(b(c)))(...x);
const inv = b => !b;
const arrJoin = str => arr => arr.join(str);
const mkArr = (l, f) => Array(l).fill(f);
const sumArr = arr => arr.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0);
const sumsTo = val => arr => sumArr(arr) === val;
const zipper = arr => (p, c, i) => arr[i] ? [...p, c, arr[i]] : [...p, c];
const zip = (a, b) => a.reduce(zipper(b), []);
const zipArr = arr => a => zip(a, arr);
const hasInner = v => arr => arr.slice(1, -1).indexOf(v) >= 0;
const choose = (even, odd) => n => n % 2 === 0 ? even : odd;
const toBin = f => arr => arr.reduce(
(p, c, i) => [...p, ...mkArr(c, f(i))], []);
const looper = (arr, max, acc = [[...arr]], idx = 0) => {
if (idx !== arr.length) {
const b = looper([...arr], max, acc, idx + 1)[0];
if (b[idx] !== max) {
b[idx] = b[idx] + 1;
acc.push(looper([...b], max, acc, idx)[0]);
}
}
return [arr, acc];
};
const gapPerms = (grpSize, numGaps, minVal = 0) => {
const maxVal = numGaps - grpSize * minVal + minVal;
return maxVal <= 0
? (grpSize === 2 ? [[0]] : [])
: looper(mkArr(grpSize, minVal), maxVal)[1];
}
const test = (cells, ...blocks) => {
const grpSize = blocks.length + 1;
const numGaps = cells - sumArr(blocks);
// Filter functions
const sumsToTrg = sumsTo(numGaps);
const noInnerZero = compose(inv, hasInner(0));
// Output formatting
const combine = zipArr([...blocks]);
const choices = toBin(choose(0, 1));
const output = compose(console.log, arrJoin(''), choices, combine);
console.log(`\n${cells} cells. Blocks: ${blocks}`);
gapPerms(grpSize, numGaps)
.filter(noInnerZero)
.filter(sumsToTrg)
.map(output);
};
test(5, 2, 1);
test(5);
test(5, 5);
test(5, 1, 1, 1);
test(10, 8);
test(15, 2, 3, 2, 3);
test(10, 4, 3);
test(5, 2, 3);
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-transitive_dice | Non-transitive dice | Let our dice select numbers on their faces with equal probability, i.e. fair dice.
Dice may have more or less than six faces. (The possibility of there being a
3D physical shape that has that many "faces" that allow them to be fair dice,
is ignored for this task - a die with 3 or 33 defined sides is defined by the
number of faces and the numbers on each face).
Throwing dice will randomly select a face on each die with equal probability.
To show which die of dice thrown multiple times is more likely to win over the
others:
calculate all possible combinations of different faces from each die
Count how many times each die wins a combination
Each combination is equally likely so the die with more winning face combinations is statistically more likely to win against the other dice.
If two dice X and Y are thrown against each other then X likely to: win, lose, or break-even against Y can be shown as: X > Y, X < Y, or X = Y respectively.
Example 1
If X is the three sided die with 1, 3, 6 on its faces and Y has 2, 3, 4 on its
faces then the equal possibility outcomes from throwing both, and the winners
is:
X Y Winner
= = ======
1 2 Y
1 3 Y
1 4 Y
3 2 X
3 3 -
3 4 Y
6 2 X
6 3 X
6 4 X
TOTAL WINS: X=4, Y=4
Both die will have the same statistical probability of winning, i.e.their comparison can be written as X = Y
Transitivity
In mathematics transitivity are rules like:
if a op b and b op c then a op c
If, for example, the op, (for operator), is the familiar less than, <, and it's applied to integers
we get the familiar if a < b and b < c then a < c
Non-transitive dice
These are an ordered list of dice where the '>' operation between successive
dice pairs applies but a comparison between the first and last of the list
yields the opposite result, '<'.
(Similarly '<' successive list comparisons with a final '>' between first and last is also non-transitive).
Three dice S, T, U with appropriate face values could satisfy
S < T, T < U and yet S > U
To be non-transitive.
Notes
The order of numbers on the faces of a die is not relevant. For example, three faced die described with face numbers of 1, 2, 3 or 2, 1, 3 or any other permutation are equivalent. For the purposes of the task show only the permutation in lowest-first sorted order i.e. 1, 2, 3 (and remove any of its perms).
A die can have more than one instance of the same number on its faces, e.g. 2, 3, 3, 4
Rotations: Any rotation of non-transitive dice from an answer is also an answer. You may optionally compute and show only one of each such rotation sets, ideally the first when sorted in a natural way. If this option is used then prominently state in the output that rotations of results are also solutions.
Task
====
Find all the ordered lists of three non-transitive dice S, T, U of the form
S < T, T < U and yet S > U; where the dice are selected from all four-faced die
, (unique w.r.t the notes), possible by having selections from the integers
one to four on any dies face.
Solution can be found by generating all possble individual die then testing all
possible permutations, (permutations are ordered), of three dice for
non-transitivity.
Optional stretch goal
Find lists of four non-transitive dice selected from the same possible dice from the non-stretch goal.
Show the results here, on this page.
References
The Most Powerful Dice - Numberphile Video.
Nontransitive dice - Wikipedia.
| #J | J | NB. unique list of all y faced dice
udice=: {{ 1+~./:~"1 (#: ,@i.)y#y }}
NB. which dice are less than which other dice?
NB. y here is a result of udice
lthan=: {{ 0>*@(+/)@,@:*@(-/)"1/~ y}}
NB. "less than loops" length x, for y sided non-transitive dice
cycles=: {{
ud=. udice y
lt=. lthan ud
extend=. [:; lt{{< y,"1 0 y-.~I.m{~{:y }}"1
r=. ; extend^:(x-1)&.> i.#ud
ud{~ ~.((i.<./)|.])"1 r #~ lt{~({:,&.>{.)|:r
}} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-transitive_dice | Non-transitive dice | Let our dice select numbers on their faces with equal probability, i.e. fair dice.
Dice may have more or less than six faces. (The possibility of there being a
3D physical shape that has that many "faces" that allow them to be fair dice,
is ignored for this task - a die with 3 or 33 defined sides is defined by the
number of faces and the numbers on each face).
Throwing dice will randomly select a face on each die with equal probability.
To show which die of dice thrown multiple times is more likely to win over the
others:
calculate all possible combinations of different faces from each die
Count how many times each die wins a combination
Each combination is equally likely so the die with more winning face combinations is statistically more likely to win against the other dice.
If two dice X and Y are thrown against each other then X likely to: win, lose, or break-even against Y can be shown as: X > Y, X < Y, or X = Y respectively.
Example 1
If X is the three sided die with 1, 3, 6 on its faces and Y has 2, 3, 4 on its
faces then the equal possibility outcomes from throwing both, and the winners
is:
X Y Winner
= = ======
1 2 Y
1 3 Y
1 4 Y
3 2 X
3 3 -
3 4 Y
6 2 X
6 3 X
6 4 X
TOTAL WINS: X=4, Y=4
Both die will have the same statistical probability of winning, i.e.their comparison can be written as X = Y
Transitivity
In mathematics transitivity are rules like:
if a op b and b op c then a op c
If, for example, the op, (for operator), is the familiar less than, <, and it's applied to integers
we get the familiar if a < b and b < c then a < c
Non-transitive dice
These are an ordered list of dice where the '>' operation between successive
dice pairs applies but a comparison between the first and last of the list
yields the opposite result, '<'.
(Similarly '<' successive list comparisons with a final '>' between first and last is also non-transitive).
Three dice S, T, U with appropriate face values could satisfy
S < T, T < U and yet S > U
To be non-transitive.
Notes
The order of numbers on the faces of a die is not relevant. For example, three faced die described with face numbers of 1, 2, 3 or 2, 1, 3 or any other permutation are equivalent. For the purposes of the task show only the permutation in lowest-first sorted order i.e. 1, 2, 3 (and remove any of its perms).
A die can have more than one instance of the same number on its faces, e.g. 2, 3, 3, 4
Rotations: Any rotation of non-transitive dice from an answer is also an answer. You may optionally compute and show only one of each such rotation sets, ideally the first when sorted in a natural way. If this option is used then prominently state in the output that rotations of results are also solutions.
Task
====
Find all the ordered lists of three non-transitive dice S, T, U of the form
S < T, T < U and yet S > U; where the dice are selected from all four-faced die
, (unique w.r.t the notes), possible by having selections from the integers
one to four on any dies face.
Solution can be found by generating all possble individual die then testing all
possible permutations, (permutations are ordered), of three dice for
non-transitivity.
Optional stretch goal
Find lists of four non-transitive dice selected from the same possible dice from the non-stretch goal.
Show the results here, on this page.
References
The Most Powerful Dice - Numberphile Video.
Nontransitive dice - Wikipedia.
| #Java | Java | import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;
public class Main {
private static List<List<Integer>> fourFaceCombos() {
List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>();
Set<Integer> found = new HashSet<>();
for (int i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= 4; j++) {
for (int k = 1; k <= 4; k++) {
for (int l = 1; l <= 4; l++) {
List<Integer> c = IntStream.of(i, j, k, l).sorted().boxed().collect(Collectors.toList());
int key = 64 * (c.get(0) - 1) + 16 * (c.get(1) - 1) + 4 * (c.get(2) - 1) + (c.get(3) - 1);
if (found.add(key)) {
res.add(c);
}
}
}
}
}
return res;
}
private static int cmp(List<Integer> x, List<Integer> y) {
int xw = 0;
int yw = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
if (x.get(i) > y.get(j)) {
xw++;
} else if (x.get(i) < y.get(j)) {
yw++;
}
}
}
return Integer.compare(xw, yw);
}
private static List<List<List<Integer>>> findIntransitive3(List<List<Integer>> cs) {
int c = cs.size();
List<List<List<Integer>>> res = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < c; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < c; j++) {
if (cmp(cs.get(i), cs.get(j)) == -1) {
for (List<Integer> kl : cs) {
if (cmp(cs.get(j), kl) == -1 && cmp(kl, cs.get(i)) == -1) {
res.add(List.of(cs.get(i), cs.get(j), kl));
}
}
}
}
}
return res;
}
private static List<List<List<Integer>>> findIntransitive4(List<List<Integer>> cs) {
int c = cs.size();
List<List<List<Integer>>> res = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < c; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < c; j++) {
if (cmp(cs.get(i), cs.get(j)) == -1) {
for (int k = 0; k < cs.size(); k++) {
if (cmp(cs.get(j), cs.get(k)) == -1) {
for (List<Integer> ll : cs) {
if (cmp(cs.get(k), ll) == -1 && cmp(ll, cs.get(i)) == -1) {
res.add(List.of(cs.get(i), cs.get(j), cs.get(k), ll));
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
return res;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<List<Integer>> combos = fourFaceCombos();
System.out.printf("Number of eligible 4-faced dice: %d%n", combos.size());
System.out.println();
List<List<List<Integer>>> it3 = findIntransitive3(combos);
System.out.printf("%d ordered lists of 3 non-transitive dice found, namely:%n", it3.size());
for (List<List<Integer>> a : it3) {
System.out.println(a);
}
System.out.println();
List<List<List<Integer>>> it4 = findIntransitive4(combos);
System.out.printf("%d ordered lists of 4 non-transitive dice found, namely:%n", it4.size());
for (List<List<Integer>> a : it4) {
System.out.println(a);
}
}
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-continuous_subsequences | Non-continuous subsequences | Consider some sequence of elements. (It differs from a mere set of elements by having an ordering among members.)
A subsequence contains some subset of the elements of this sequence, in the same order.
A continuous subsequence is one in which no elements are missing between the first and last elements of the subsequence.
Note: Subsequences are defined structurally, not by their contents.
So a sequence a,b,c,d will always have the same subsequences and continuous subsequences, no matter which values are substituted; it may even be the same value.
Task: Find all non-continuous subsequences for a given sequence.
Example
For the sequence 1,2,3,4, there are five non-continuous subsequences, namely:
1,3
1,4
2,4
1,3,4
1,2,4
Goal
There are different ways to calculate those subsequences.
Demonstrate algorithm(s) that are natural for the language.
Other tasks related to string operations:
Metrics
Array length
String length
Copy a string
Empty string (assignment)
Counting
Word frequency
Letter frequency
Jewels and stones
I before E except after C
Bioinformatics/base count
Count occurrences of a substring
Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string
Remove/replace
XXXX redacted
Conjugate a Latin verb
Remove vowels from a string
String interpolation (included)
Strip block comments
Strip comments from a string
Strip a set of characters from a string
Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail
Strip control codes and extended characters from a string
Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling
Word wheel
ABC problem
Sattolo cycle
Knuth shuffle
Ordered words
Superpermutation minimisation
Textonyms (using a phone text pad)
Anagrams
Anagrams/Deranged anagrams
Permutations/Derangements
Find/Search/Determine
ABC words
Odd words
Word ladder
Semordnilap
Word search
Wordiff (game)
String matching
Tea cup rim text
Alternade words
Changeable words
State name puzzle
String comparison
Unique characters
Unique characters in each string
Extract file extension
Levenshtein distance
Palindrome detection
Common list elements
Longest common suffix
Longest common prefix
Compare a list of strings
Longest common substring
Find common directory path
Words from neighbour ones
Change e letters to i in words
Non-continuous subsequences
Longest common subsequence
Longest palindromic substrings
Longest increasing subsequence
Words containing "the" substring
Sum of the digits of n is substring of n
Determine if a string is numeric
Determine if a string is collapsible
Determine if a string is squeezable
Determine if a string has all unique characters
Determine if a string has all the same characters
Longest substrings without repeating characters
Find words which contains all the vowels
Find words which contains most consonants
Find words which contains more than 3 vowels
Find words which first and last three letters are equals
Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa
Formatting
Substring
Rep-string
Word wrap
String case
Align columns
Literals/String
Repeat a string
Brace expansion
Brace expansion using ranges
Reverse a string
Phrase reversals
Comma quibbling
Special characters
String concatenation
Substring/Top and tail
Commatizing numbers
Reverse words in a string
Suffixation of decimal numbers
Long literals, with continuations
Numerical and alphabetical suffixes
Abbreviations, easy
Abbreviations, simple
Abbreviations, automatic
Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases
Mad Libs
Magic 8-ball
99 Bottles of Beer
The Name Game (a song)
The Old lady swallowed a fly
The Twelve Days of Christmas
Tokenize
Text between
Tokenize a string
Word break problem
Tokenize a string with escaping
Split a character string based on change of character
Sequences
Show ASCII table
De Bruijn sequences
Self-referential sequences
Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
| #11l | 11l | F ncsub(seq, s = 0)
I seq.empty
R I s >= 3 {[[Int]()]} E [[Int]]()
E
V x = seq[0.<1]
V xs = seq[1..]
V p2 = s % 2
V p1 = !p2
R ncsub(xs, s + p1).map(ys -> @x + ys) [+] ncsub(xs, s + p2)
print(ncsub(Array(1..3)))
print(ncsub(Array(1..4)))
print(ncsub(Array(1..5))) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Input | Non-decimal radices/Input | It is common to have a string containing a number written in some format, with the most common ones being decimal, hexadecimal, octal and binary. Such strings are found in many places (user interfaces, configuration files, XML data, network protocols, etc.)
This task requires parsing of such a string (which may be assumed to contain nothing else) using the language's built-in facilities if possible. Parsing of decimal strings is required, parsing of other formats is optional but should be shown (i.e., if the language can parse in base-19 then that should be illustrated).
The solutions may assume that the base of the number in the string is known. In particular, if your language has a facility to guess the base of a number by looking at a prefix (e.g. "0x" for hexadecimal) or other distinguishing syntax as it parses it, please show that.
The reverse operation is in task Non-decimal radices/Output
For general number base conversion, see Non-decimal radices/Convert.
| #Common_Lisp | Common Lisp | (parse-integer "abc" :radix 20 :junk-allowed t) ; => 4232 |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Input | Non-decimal radices/Input | It is common to have a string containing a number written in some format, with the most common ones being decimal, hexadecimal, octal and binary. Such strings are found in many places (user interfaces, configuration files, XML data, network protocols, etc.)
This task requires parsing of such a string (which may be assumed to contain nothing else) using the language's built-in facilities if possible. Parsing of decimal strings is required, parsing of other formats is optional but should be shown (i.e., if the language can parse in base-19 then that should be illustrated).
The solutions may assume that the base of the number in the string is known. In particular, if your language has a facility to guess the base of a number by looking at a prefix (e.g. "0x" for hexadecimal) or other distinguishing syntax as it parses it, please show that.
The reverse operation is in task Non-decimal radices/Output
For general number base conversion, see Non-decimal radices/Convert.
| #D | D | import std.stdio, std.conv;
void main() {
immutable text = "100";
foreach (base; 2 .. 21)
writefln("String '%s' in base %d is %d in base 10" ,
text, base, to!int(text, base));
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Output | Non-decimal radices/Output | Programming languages often have built-in routines to convert a non-negative integer for printing in different number bases. Such common number bases might include binary, Octal and Hexadecimal.
Task
Print a small range of integers in some different bases, as supported by standard routines of your programming language.
Note
This is distinct from Number base conversion as a user-defined conversion function is not asked for.)
The reverse operation is Common number base parsing.
| #BBC_BASIC | BBC BASIC | REM STR$ converts to a decimal string:
PRINT STR$(0)
PRINT STR$(123456789)
PRINT STR$(-987654321)
REM STR$~ converts to a hexadecimal string:
PRINT STR$~(43981)
PRINT STR$~(-1) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Output | Non-decimal radices/Output | Programming languages often have built-in routines to convert a non-negative integer for printing in different number bases. Such common number bases might include binary, Octal and Hexadecimal.
Task
Print a small range of integers in some different bases, as supported by standard routines of your programming language.
Note
This is distinct from Number base conversion as a user-defined conversion function is not asked for.)
The reverse operation is Common number base parsing.
| #Bc | Bc |
for(i=1;i<10;i++) {
obase=10; print i," "
obase=8; print i," "
obase=3; print i," "
obase=2; print i
print "\n"
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Output | Non-decimal radices/Output | Programming languages often have built-in routines to convert a non-negative integer for printing in different number bases. Such common number bases might include binary, Octal and Hexadecimal.
Task
Print a small range of integers in some different bases, as supported by standard routines of your programming language.
Note
This is distinct from Number base conversion as a user-defined conversion function is not asked for.)
The reverse operation is Common number base parsing.
| #C | C | #include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i;
for(i=1; i <= 33; i++)
printf("%6d %6x %6o\n", i, i, i);
return 0;
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Number_names | Number names | Task
Show how to spell out a number in English.
You can use a preexisting implementation or roll your own, but you should support inputs up to at least one million (or the maximum value of your language's default bounded integer type, if that's less).
Support for inputs other than positive integers (like zero, negative integers, and floating-point numbers) is optional.
Related task
Spelling of ordinal numbers.
| #Prolog | Prolog |
:- module(spell, [spell/2]).
%
% spell numbers up to the nonillions.
%
ones(1, "one"). ones(2, "two"). ones(3, "three"). ones(4, "four"). ones( 5, "five").
ones(6, "six"). ones(7, "seven"). ones(8, "eight"). ones(9, "nine"). ones(10, "ten").
ones(11, "eleven"). ones(12, "twelve"). ones(13, "thirteen").
ones(14, "fourteen"). ones(15, "fifteen"). ones(16, "sixteen").
ones(17, "seventeen"). ones(18, "eighteen"). ones(19, "nineteen").
tens(2, "twenty"). tens(3, "thirty"). tens(4, "forty"). tens(5, "fifty").
tens(6, "sixty"). tens(7, "seventy"). tens(8, "eighty"). tens(9, "ninety").
group( 1, "thousand"). group( 2, "million"). group(3, "bilion").
group( 4, "trillion"). group( 5, "quadrillion"). group(6, "quintillion").
group( 7, "sextilion"). group( 8, "septillion"). group(9, "octillion").
group(10, "nonillion"). group(11, "decillion").
spellgroup(N, G) :- G is floor(log10(N) / 3).
spell(N, S) :-
N < 0, !,
NegN is -N, spell(NegN, S0),
string_concat("negative ", S0, S).
spell(0, "zero") :- !.
spell(N, S) :- between(1, 19, N), ones(N, S), !.
spell(N, S) :-
N < 100, !,
divmod(N, 10, Tens, Ones),
tens(Tens, StrTens), ones_part(Ones, StrOnes),
string_concat(StrTens, StrOnes, S).
spell(N, S) :-
N < 1000, !,
divmod(N, 100, Hundreds, Tens),
ones(Hundreds, H), string_concat(H, " hundred", StrHundreds),
tens_part(Tens, StrTens),
string_concat(StrHundreds, StrTens, S).
spell(N, S) :-
spellgroup(N, G), group(G, StrG),
M is 10**(3*G), divmod(N, M, Group, Rest),
spell(Group, S1),
spell_remaining(Rest, S2),
format(string(S), "~w ~w~w", [S1, StrG, S2]).
ones_part(0, "") :- !.
ones_part(N, S) :-
ones(N, StrN),
string_concat("-", StrN, S).
tens_part(0, "") :- !.
tens_part(N, S) :-
spell(N, Tens),
string_concat(" and ", Tens, S).
spell_remaining(0, "") :- !.
spell_remaining(N, S) :-
spell(N, Rest),
string_concat(", ", Rest, S).
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Number_reversal_game | Number reversal game | Task
Given a jumbled list of the numbers 1 to 9 that are definitely not in
ascending order.
Show the list, and then ask the player how many digits from the
left to reverse.
Reverse those digits, then ask again, until all the digits end up in ascending order.
The score is the count of the reversals needed to attain the ascending order.
Note: Assume the player's input does not need extra validation.
Related tasks
Sorting algorithms/Pancake sort
Pancake sorting.
Topswops
| #R | R | reversalGame <- function(){
cat("Welcome to the Number Reversal Game! \n")
cat("Sort the numbers into ascending order by repeatedly \n",
"reversing the first n digits, where you specify n. \n \n", sep="")
# Generate a list that's definitely not in ascending order, per instuctions
data <- sample(1:9, 9)
while (all(data == 1:9)){
cat("What were the chances...? \n")
data <- sample(1:9, 9)
}
trials <- 0
# Play the game
while (any(data != 1:9)){
trials <- trials + 1
cat("Trial", sprintf("%02d", trials), " # ", data, " # ")
answer <- readline(paste("Flip how many? "))
data[1:answer] <- data[answer:1]
}
# Victory!
cat("Well done. You needed", trials, "flips. \n")
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/One-dimensional_cellular_automata | One-dimensional cellular automata | Assume an array of cells with an initial distribution of live and dead cells,
and imaginary cells off the end of the array having fixed values.
Cells in the next generation of the array are calculated based on the value of the cell and its left and right nearest neighbours in the current generation.
If, in the following table, a live cell is represented by 1 and a dead cell by 0 then to generate the value of the cell at a particular index in the array of cellular values you use the following table:
000 -> 0 #
001 -> 0 #
010 -> 0 # Dies without enough neighbours
011 -> 1 # Needs one neighbour to survive
100 -> 0 #
101 -> 1 # Two neighbours giving birth
110 -> 1 # Needs one neighbour to survive
111 -> 0 # Starved to death.
| #Visual_Basic_.NET | Visual Basic .NET | Imports System.Text
Module CellularAutomata
Private Enum PetriStatus
Active
Stable
Dead
End Enum
Function Main(ByVal cmdArgs() As String) As Integer
If cmdArgs.Length = 0 Or cmdArgs.Length > 1 Then
Console.WriteLine("Command requires string of either 1s and 0s or #s and _s.")
Return 1
End If
Dim petriDish As BitArray
Try
petriDish = InitialisePetriDish(cmdArgs(0))
Catch ex As Exception
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message)
Return 1
End Try
Dim generation As Integer = 0
Dim ps As PetriStatus = PetriStatus.Active
Do While True
If ps = PetriStatus.Stable Then
Console.WriteLine("Sample stable after {0} generations.", generation - 1)
Exit Do
Else
Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1}", generation.ToString("D3"), BuildDishString(petriDish))
If ps = PetriStatus.Dead Then
Console.WriteLine("Sample dead after {0} generations.", generation)
Exit Do
End If
End If
ps = GetNextGeneration(petriDish)
generation += 1
Loop
Return 0
End Function
Private Function InitialisePetriDish(ByVal Sample As String) As BitArray
Dim PetriDish As New BitArray(Sample.Length)
Dim dead As Boolean = True
For i As Integer = 0 To Sample.Length - 1
Select Case Sample.Substring(i, 1)
Case "1", "#"
PetriDish(i) = True
dead = False
Case "0", "_"
PetriDish(i) = False
Case Else
Throw New Exception("Illegal value in string position " & i)
Return Nothing
End Select
Next
If dead Then
Throw New Exception("Entered sample is dead.")
Return Nothing
End If
Return PetriDish
End Function
Private Function GetNextGeneration(ByRef PetriDish As BitArray) As PetriStatus
Dim petriCache = New BitArray(PetriDish.Length)
Dim neighbours As Integer
Dim stable As Boolean = True
Dim dead As Boolean = True
For i As Integer = 0 To PetriDish.Length - 1
neighbours = 0
If i > 0 AndAlso PetriDish(i - 1) Then neighbours += 1
If i < PetriDish.Length - 1 AndAlso PetriDish(i + 1) Then neighbours += 1
petriCache(i) = (PetriDish(i) And neighbours = 1) OrElse (Not PetriDish(i) And neighbours = 2)
If PetriDish(i) <> petriCache(i) Then stable = False
If petriCache(i) Then dead = False
Next
PetriDish = petriCache
If dead Then Return PetriStatus.Dead
If stable Then Return PetriStatus.Stable
Return PetriStatus.Active
End Function
Private Function BuildDishString(ByVal PetriDish As BitArray) As String
Dim sw As New StringBuilder()
For Each b As Boolean In PetriDish
sw.Append(IIf(b, "#", "_"))
Next
Return sw.ToString()
End Function
End Module |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/One-dimensional_cellular_automata | One-dimensional cellular automata | Assume an array of cells with an initial distribution of live and dead cells,
and imaginary cells off the end of the array having fixed values.
Cells in the next generation of the array are calculated based on the value of the cell and its left and right nearest neighbours in the current generation.
If, in the following table, a live cell is represented by 1 and a dead cell by 0 then to generate the value of the cell at a particular index in the array of cellular values you use the following table:
000 -> 0 #
001 -> 0 #
010 -> 0 # Dies without enough neighbours
011 -> 1 # Needs one neighbour to survive
100 -> 0 #
101 -> 1 # Two neighbours giving birth
110 -> 1 # Needs one neighbour to survive
111 -> 0 # Starved to death.
| #Wart | Wart | def (gens n l)
prn l
repeat n
zap! gen l
prn l
def (gen l)
with (a nil b nil c l.0)
collect nil # won't insert paren without second token
each x cdr.l
shift! a b c x
yield (next a b c)
yield (next b c nil)
def (next a b c) # next state of b given neighbors a and c
if (and a c) not.b
(or a c) b |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Nonoblock | Nonoblock | Nonoblock is a chip off the old Nonogram puzzle.
Given
The number of cells in a row.
The size of each, (space separated), connected block of cells to fit in the row, in left-to right order.
Task
show all possible positions.
show the number of positions of the blocks for the following cases within the row.
show all output on this page.
use a "neat" diagram of the block positions.
Enumerate the following configurations
5 cells and [2, 1] blocks
5 cells and [] blocks (no blocks)
10 cells and [8] blocks
15 cells and [2, 3, 2, 3] blocks
5 cells and [2, 3] blocks (should give some indication of this not being possible)
Example
Given a row of five cells and a block of two cells followed by a block of one cell - in that order, the example could be shown as:
|_|_|_|_|_| # 5 cells and [2, 1] blocks
And would expand to the following 3 possible rows of block positions:
|A|A|_|B|_|
|A|A|_|_|B|
|_|A|A|_|B|
Note how the sets of blocks are always separated by a space.
Note also that it is not necessary for each block to have a separate letter.
Output approximating
This:
|#|#|_|#|_|
|#|#|_|_|#|
|_|#|#|_|#|
This would also work:
##.#.
##..#
.##.#
An algorithm
Find the minimum space to the right that is needed to legally hold all but the leftmost block of cells (with a space between blocks remember).
The leftmost cell can legitimately be placed in all positions from the LHS up to a RH position that allows enough room for the rest of the blocks.
for each position of the LH block recursively compute the position of the rest of the blocks in the remaining space to the right of the current placement of the LH block.
(This is the algorithm used in the Nonoblock#Python solution).
Reference
The blog post Nonogram puzzle solver (part 1) Inspired this task and donated its Nonoblock#Python solution.
| #Julia | Julia | minsized(arr) = join(map(x->"#"^x, arr), ".")
minlen(arr) = sum(arr) + length(arr) - 1
function sequences(blockseq, numblanks)
if isempty(blockseq)
return ["." ^ numblanks]
elseif minlen(blockseq) == numblanks
return minsized(blockseq)
else
result = Vector{String}()
allbuthead = blockseq[2:end]
for leftspace in 0:(numblanks - minlen(blockseq))
header = "." ^ leftspace * "#" ^ blockseq[1] * "."
rightspace = numblanks - length(header)
if isempty(allbuthead)
push!(result, rightspace <= 0 ? header[1:numblanks] : header * "." ^ rightspace)
elseif minlen(allbuthead) == rightspace
push!(result, header * minsized(allbuthead))
else
map(x -> push!(result, header * x), sequences(allbuthead, rightspace))
end
end
end
result
end
function nonoblocks(bvec, len)
println("With blocks $bvec and $len cells:")
len < minlen(bvec) ? println("No solution") : for seq in sequences(bvec, len) println(seq) end
end
nonoblocks([2, 1], 5)
nonoblocks(Vector{Int}([]), 5)
nonoblocks([8], 10)
nonoblocks([2, 3, 2, 3], 15)
nonoblocks([2, 3], 5)
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-transitive_dice | Non-transitive dice | Let our dice select numbers on their faces with equal probability, i.e. fair dice.
Dice may have more or less than six faces. (The possibility of there being a
3D physical shape that has that many "faces" that allow them to be fair dice,
is ignored for this task - a die with 3 or 33 defined sides is defined by the
number of faces and the numbers on each face).
Throwing dice will randomly select a face on each die with equal probability.
To show which die of dice thrown multiple times is more likely to win over the
others:
calculate all possible combinations of different faces from each die
Count how many times each die wins a combination
Each combination is equally likely so the die with more winning face combinations is statistically more likely to win against the other dice.
If two dice X and Y are thrown against each other then X likely to: win, lose, or break-even against Y can be shown as: X > Y, X < Y, or X = Y respectively.
Example 1
If X is the three sided die with 1, 3, 6 on its faces and Y has 2, 3, 4 on its
faces then the equal possibility outcomes from throwing both, and the winners
is:
X Y Winner
= = ======
1 2 Y
1 3 Y
1 4 Y
3 2 X
3 3 -
3 4 Y
6 2 X
6 3 X
6 4 X
TOTAL WINS: X=4, Y=4
Both die will have the same statistical probability of winning, i.e.their comparison can be written as X = Y
Transitivity
In mathematics transitivity are rules like:
if a op b and b op c then a op c
If, for example, the op, (for operator), is the familiar less than, <, and it's applied to integers
we get the familiar if a < b and b < c then a < c
Non-transitive dice
These are an ordered list of dice where the '>' operation between successive
dice pairs applies but a comparison between the first and last of the list
yields the opposite result, '<'.
(Similarly '<' successive list comparisons with a final '>' between first and last is also non-transitive).
Three dice S, T, U with appropriate face values could satisfy
S < T, T < U and yet S > U
To be non-transitive.
Notes
The order of numbers on the faces of a die is not relevant. For example, three faced die described with face numbers of 1, 2, 3 or 2, 1, 3 or any other permutation are equivalent. For the purposes of the task show only the permutation in lowest-first sorted order i.e. 1, 2, 3 (and remove any of its perms).
A die can have more than one instance of the same number on its faces, e.g. 2, 3, 3, 4
Rotations: Any rotation of non-transitive dice from an answer is also an answer. You may optionally compute and show only one of each such rotation sets, ideally the first when sorted in a natural way. If this option is used then prominently state in the output that rotations of results are also solutions.
Task
====
Find all the ordered lists of three non-transitive dice S, T, U of the form
S < T, T < U and yet S > U; where the dice are selected from all four-faced die
, (unique w.r.t the notes), possible by having selections from the integers
one to four on any dies face.
Solution can be found by generating all possble individual die then testing all
possible permutations, (permutations are ordered), of three dice for
non-transitivity.
Optional stretch goal
Find lists of four non-transitive dice selected from the same possible dice from the non-stretch goal.
Show the results here, on this page.
References
The Most Powerful Dice - Numberphile Video.
Nontransitive dice - Wikipedia.
| #Julia | Julia | import Base.>, Base.<
using Memoize, Combinatorics
struct Die
name::String
faces::Vector{Int}
end
""" Compares two die returning 1, -1 or 0 for operators >, < == """
function cmpd(die1, die2)
# Numbers of times one die wins against the other for all combinations
# cmp(x, y) is `(x > y) - (y > x)` to return 1, 0, or -1 for numbers
tot = [0, 0, 0]
for d in Iterators.product(die1.faces, die2.faces)
tot[2 + (d[1] > d[2]) - (d[2] > d[1])] += 1
end
return (tot[3] > tot[1]) - (tot[1] > tot[3])
end
Base.:>(d1::Die, d2::Die) = cmpd(d1, d2) == 1
Base.:<(d1::Die, d2::Die) = cmpd(d1, d2) == -1
""" True iff ordering of die in dice is non-transitive """
isnontrans(dice) = all(x -> x[1] < x[2], zip(dice[1:end-1], dice[2:end])) && dice[1] > dice[end]
findnontrans(alldice, n=3) = [perm for perm in permutations(alldice, n) if isnontrans(perm)]
function possible_dice(sides, mx)
println("\nAll possible 1..$mx $sides-sided dice")
dice = [Die("D $(n+1)", [i for i in f]) for (n, f) in
enumerate(Iterators.product(fill(1:mx, sides)...))]
println(" Created $(length(dice)) dice")
println(" Remove duplicate with same bag of numbers on different faces")
uniquedice = collect(values(Dict(sort(d.faces) => d for d in dice)))
println(" Return $(length(uniquedice)) filtered dice")
return uniquedice
end
""" Compares two die returning their relationship of their names as a string """
function verbosecmp(die1, die2)
# Numbers of times one die wins against the other for all combinations
win1 = sum(p[1] > p[2] for p in Iterators.product(die1.faces, die2.faces))
win2 = sum(p[2] > p[1] for p in Iterators.product(die1.faces, die2.faces))
n1, n2 = die1.name, die2.name
return win1 > win2 ? "$n1 > $n2" : win1 < win2 ? "$n1 < $n2" : "$n1 = $n2"
end
""" Dice cmp function with verbose extra checks """
function verbosedicecmp(dice)
return join([[verbosecmp(x, y) for (x, y) in zip(dice[1:end-1], dice[2:end])];
[verbosecmp(dice[1], dice[end])]], ", ")
end
function testnontransitivedice(faces)
dice = possible_dice(faces, faces)
for N in (faces < 5 ? [3, 4] : [3]) # length of non-transitive group of dice searched for
nontrans = unique(map(x -> sort!(x, lt=(x, y)->x.name<y.name), findnontrans(dice, N)))
println("\n Unique sorted non_transitive length-$N combinations found: $(length(nontrans))")
for list in (faces < 5 ? nontrans : [nontrans[end]])
println(faces < 5 ? "" : " Only printing last example for brevity")
for (i, die) in enumerate(list)
println(" $die$(i < N - 1 ? "," : "]")")
end
end
if !isempty(nontrans)
println("\n More verbose comparison of last non_transitive result:")
println(" ", verbosedicecmp(nontrans[end]))
end
println("\n ====")
end
end
@time testnontransitivedice(3)
@time testnontransitivedice(4)
@time testnontransitivedice(5)
@time testnontransitivedice(6)
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-transitive_dice | Non-transitive dice | Let our dice select numbers on their faces with equal probability, i.e. fair dice.
Dice may have more or less than six faces. (The possibility of there being a
3D physical shape that has that many "faces" that allow them to be fair dice,
is ignored for this task - a die with 3 or 33 defined sides is defined by the
number of faces and the numbers on each face).
Throwing dice will randomly select a face on each die with equal probability.
To show which die of dice thrown multiple times is more likely to win over the
others:
calculate all possible combinations of different faces from each die
Count how many times each die wins a combination
Each combination is equally likely so the die with more winning face combinations is statistically more likely to win against the other dice.
If two dice X and Y are thrown against each other then X likely to: win, lose, or break-even against Y can be shown as: X > Y, X < Y, or X = Y respectively.
Example 1
If X is the three sided die with 1, 3, 6 on its faces and Y has 2, 3, 4 on its
faces then the equal possibility outcomes from throwing both, and the winners
is:
X Y Winner
= = ======
1 2 Y
1 3 Y
1 4 Y
3 2 X
3 3 -
3 4 Y
6 2 X
6 3 X
6 4 X
TOTAL WINS: X=4, Y=4
Both die will have the same statistical probability of winning, i.e.their comparison can be written as X = Y
Transitivity
In mathematics transitivity are rules like:
if a op b and b op c then a op c
If, for example, the op, (for operator), is the familiar less than, <, and it's applied to integers
we get the familiar if a < b and b < c then a < c
Non-transitive dice
These are an ordered list of dice where the '>' operation between successive
dice pairs applies but a comparison between the first and last of the list
yields the opposite result, '<'.
(Similarly '<' successive list comparisons with a final '>' between first and last is also non-transitive).
Three dice S, T, U with appropriate face values could satisfy
S < T, T < U and yet S > U
To be non-transitive.
Notes
The order of numbers on the faces of a die is not relevant. For example, three faced die described with face numbers of 1, 2, 3 or 2, 1, 3 or any other permutation are equivalent. For the purposes of the task show only the permutation in lowest-first sorted order i.e. 1, 2, 3 (and remove any of its perms).
A die can have more than one instance of the same number on its faces, e.g. 2, 3, 3, 4
Rotations: Any rotation of non-transitive dice from an answer is also an answer. You may optionally compute and show only one of each such rotation sets, ideally the first when sorted in a natural way. If this option is used then prominently state in the output that rotations of results are also solutions.
Task
====
Find all the ordered lists of three non-transitive dice S, T, U of the form
S < T, T < U and yet S > U; where the dice are selected from all four-faced die
, (unique w.r.t the notes), possible by having selections from the integers
one to four on any dies face.
Solution can be found by generating all possble individual die then testing all
possible permutations, (permutations are ordered), of three dice for
non-transitivity.
Optional stretch goal
Find lists of four non-transitive dice selected from the same possible dice from the non-stretch goal.
Show the results here, on this page.
References
The Most Powerful Dice - Numberphile Video.
Nontransitive dice - Wikipedia.
| #Kotlin | Kotlin | fun fourFaceCombos(): List<Array<Int>> {
val res = mutableListOf<Array<Int>>()
val found = mutableSetOf<Int>()
for (i in 1..4) {
for (j in 1..4) {
for (k in 1..4) {
for (l in 1..4) {
val c = arrayOf(i, j, k, l)
c.sort()
val key = 64 * (c[0] - 1) + 16 * (c[1] - 1) + 4 * (c[2] - 1) + (c[3] - 1)
if (!found.contains(key)) {
found.add(key)
res.add(c)
}
}
}
}
}
return res
}
fun cmp(x: Array<Int>, y: Array<Int>): Int {
var xw = 0
var yw = 0
for (i in 0 until 4) {
for (j in 0 until 4) {
if (x[i] > y[j]) {
xw++
} else if (y[j] > x[i]) {
yw++
}
}
}
if (xw < yw) {
return -1
}
if (xw > yw) {
return 1
}
return 0
}
fun findIntransitive3(cs: List<Array<Int>>): List<Array<Array<Int>>> {
val c = cs.size
val res = mutableListOf<Array<Array<Int>>>()
for (i in 0 until c) {
for (j in 0 until c) {
if (cmp(cs[i], cs[j]) == -1) {
for (k in 0 until c) {
if (cmp(cs[j], cs[k]) == -1 && cmp(cs[k], cs[i]) == -1) {
res.add(arrayOf(cs[i], cs[j], cs[k]))
}
}
}
}
}
return res
}
fun findIntransitive4(cs: List<Array<Int>>): List<Array<Array<Int>>> {
val c = cs.size
val res = mutableListOf<Array<Array<Int>>>()
for (i in 0 until c) {
for (j in 0 until c) {
if (cmp(cs[i], cs[j]) == -1) {
for (k in 0 until c) {
if (cmp(cs[j], cs[k]) == -1) {
for (l in 0 until c) {
if (cmp(cs[k], cs[l]) == -1 && cmp(cs[l], cs[i]) == -1) {
res.add(arrayOf(cs[i], cs[j], cs[k], cs[l]))
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
return res
}
fun main() {
val combos = fourFaceCombos()
println("Number of eligible 4-faced dice: ${combos.size}")
println()
val it3 = findIntransitive3(combos)
println("${it3.size} ordered lists of 3 non-transitive dice found, namely:")
for (a in it3) {
println(a.joinToString(", ", "[", "]") { it.joinToString(", ", "[", "]") })
}
println()
val it4 = findIntransitive4(combos)
println("${it4.size} ordered lists of 4 non-transitive dice found, namely:")
for (a in it4) {
println(a.joinToString(", ", "[", "]") { it.joinToString(", ", "[", "]") })
}
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-continuous_subsequences | Non-continuous subsequences | Consider some sequence of elements. (It differs from a mere set of elements by having an ordering among members.)
A subsequence contains some subset of the elements of this sequence, in the same order.
A continuous subsequence is one in which no elements are missing between the first and last elements of the subsequence.
Note: Subsequences are defined structurally, not by their contents.
So a sequence a,b,c,d will always have the same subsequences and continuous subsequences, no matter which values are substituted; it may even be the same value.
Task: Find all non-continuous subsequences for a given sequence.
Example
For the sequence 1,2,3,4, there are five non-continuous subsequences, namely:
1,3
1,4
2,4
1,3,4
1,2,4
Goal
There are different ways to calculate those subsequences.
Demonstrate algorithm(s) that are natural for the language.
Other tasks related to string operations:
Metrics
Array length
String length
Copy a string
Empty string (assignment)
Counting
Word frequency
Letter frequency
Jewels and stones
I before E except after C
Bioinformatics/base count
Count occurrences of a substring
Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string
Remove/replace
XXXX redacted
Conjugate a Latin verb
Remove vowels from a string
String interpolation (included)
Strip block comments
Strip comments from a string
Strip a set of characters from a string
Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail
Strip control codes and extended characters from a string
Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling
Word wheel
ABC problem
Sattolo cycle
Knuth shuffle
Ordered words
Superpermutation minimisation
Textonyms (using a phone text pad)
Anagrams
Anagrams/Deranged anagrams
Permutations/Derangements
Find/Search/Determine
ABC words
Odd words
Word ladder
Semordnilap
Word search
Wordiff (game)
String matching
Tea cup rim text
Alternade words
Changeable words
State name puzzle
String comparison
Unique characters
Unique characters in each string
Extract file extension
Levenshtein distance
Palindrome detection
Common list elements
Longest common suffix
Longest common prefix
Compare a list of strings
Longest common substring
Find common directory path
Words from neighbour ones
Change e letters to i in words
Non-continuous subsequences
Longest common subsequence
Longest palindromic substrings
Longest increasing subsequence
Words containing "the" substring
Sum of the digits of n is substring of n
Determine if a string is numeric
Determine if a string is collapsible
Determine if a string is squeezable
Determine if a string has all unique characters
Determine if a string has all the same characters
Longest substrings without repeating characters
Find words which contains all the vowels
Find words which contains most consonants
Find words which contains more than 3 vowels
Find words which first and last three letters are equals
Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa
Formatting
Substring
Rep-string
Word wrap
String case
Align columns
Literals/String
Repeat a string
Brace expansion
Brace expansion using ranges
Reverse a string
Phrase reversals
Comma quibbling
Special characters
String concatenation
Substring/Top and tail
Commatizing numbers
Reverse words in a string
Suffixation of decimal numbers
Long literals, with continuations
Numerical and alphabetical suffixes
Abbreviations, easy
Abbreviations, simple
Abbreviations, automatic
Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases
Mad Libs
Magic 8-ball
99 Bottles of Beer
The Name Game (a song)
The Old lady swallowed a fly
The Twelve Days of Christmas
Tokenize
Text between
Tokenize a string
Word break problem
Tokenize a string with escaping
Split a character string based on change of character
Sequences
Show ASCII table
De Bruijn sequences
Self-referential sequences
Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
| #Ada | Ada | with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO;
procedure Test_Non_Continuous is
type Sequence is array (Positive range <>) of Integer;
procedure Put_NCS
( Tail : Sequence; -- To generate subsequences of
Head : Sequence := (1..0 => 1); -- Already generated
Contiguous : Boolean := True -- It is still continuous
) is
begin
if not Contiguous and then Head'Length > 1 then
for I in Head'Range loop
Put (Integer'Image (Head (I)));
end loop;
New_Line;
end if;
if Tail'Length /= 0 then
declare
New_Head : Sequence (Head'First..Head'Last + 1);
begin
New_Head (Head'Range) := Head;
for I in Tail'Range loop
New_Head (New_Head'Last) := Tail (I);
Put_NCS
( Tail => Tail (I + 1..Tail'Last),
Head => New_Head,
Contiguous => Contiguous and then (I = Tail'First or else Head'Length = 0)
);
end loop;
end;
end if;
end Put_NCS;
begin
Put_NCS ((1,2,3)); New_Line;
Put_NCS ((1,2,3,4)); New_Line;
Put_NCS ((1,2,3,4,5)); New_Line;
end Test_Non_Continuous; |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Convert | Non-decimal radices/Convert | Number base conversion is when you express a stored integer in an integer base, such as in octal (base 8) or binary (base 2). It also is involved when you take a string representing a number in a given base and convert it to the stored integer form. Normally, a stored integer is in binary, but that's typically invisible to the user, who normally enters or sees stored integers as decimal.
Task
Write a function (or identify the built-in function) which is passed a non-negative integer to convert, and another integer representing the base.
It should return a string containing the digits of the resulting number, without leading zeros except for the number 0 itself.
For the digits beyond 9, one should use the lowercase English alphabet, where the digit a = 9+1, b = a+1, etc.
For example: the decimal number 26 expressed in base 16 would be 1a.
Write a second function which is passed a string and an integer base, and it returns an integer representing that string interpreted in that base.
The programs may be limited by the word size or other such constraint of a given language. There is no need to do error checking for negatives, bases less than 2, or inappropriate digits.
| #11l | 11l | print(Int(‘1A’, radix' 16)) // prints the integer 26 |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Input | Non-decimal radices/Input | It is common to have a string containing a number written in some format, with the most common ones being decimal, hexadecimal, octal and binary. Such strings are found in many places (user interfaces, configuration files, XML data, network protocols, etc.)
This task requires parsing of such a string (which may be assumed to contain nothing else) using the language's built-in facilities if possible. Parsing of decimal strings is required, parsing of other formats is optional but should be shown (i.e., if the language can parse in base-19 then that should be illustrated).
The solutions may assume that the base of the number in the string is known. In particular, if your language has a facility to guess the base of a number by looking at a prefix (e.g. "0x" for hexadecimal) or other distinguishing syntax as it parses it, please show that.
The reverse operation is in task Non-decimal radices/Output
For general number base conversion, see Non-decimal radices/Convert.
| #E | E | ? __makeInt("200", 16)
# value: 512
? __makeInt("200", 10)
# value: 200 |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Input | Non-decimal radices/Input | It is common to have a string containing a number written in some format, with the most common ones being decimal, hexadecimal, octal and binary. Such strings are found in many places (user interfaces, configuration files, XML data, network protocols, etc.)
This task requires parsing of such a string (which may be assumed to contain nothing else) using the language's built-in facilities if possible. Parsing of decimal strings is required, parsing of other formats is optional but should be shown (i.e., if the language can parse in base-19 then that should be illustrated).
The solutions may assume that the base of the number in the string is known. In particular, if your language has a facility to guess the base of a number by looking at a prefix (e.g. "0x" for hexadecimal) or other distinguishing syntax as it parses it, please show that.
The reverse operation is in task Non-decimal radices/Output
For general number base conversion, see Non-decimal radices/Convert.
| #Elixir | Elixir | iex(1)> String.to_integer("1000")
1000
iex(2)> String.to_integer("1000",2)
8
iex(3)> String.to_integer("1000",8)
512
iex(4)> String.to_integer("1000",16)
4096
iex(5)> String.to_integer("ffff",16)
65535 |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Output | Non-decimal radices/Output | Programming languages often have built-in routines to convert a non-negative integer for printing in different number bases. Such common number bases might include binary, Octal and Hexadecimal.
Task
Print a small range of integers in some different bases, as supported by standard routines of your programming language.
Note
This is distinct from Number base conversion as a user-defined conversion function is not asked for.)
The reverse operation is Common number base parsing.
| #C.23 | C# |
using System;
namespace NonDecimalRadicesOutput
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
for (int i = 0; i < 42; i++)
{
string binary = Convert.ToString(i, 2);
string octal = Convert.ToString(i, 8);
string hexadecimal = Convert.ToString(i, 16);
Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Decimal: {0}, Binary: {1}, Octal: {2}, Hexadecimal: {3}", i, binary, octal, hexadecimal));
}
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Number_names | Number names | Task
Show how to spell out a number in English.
You can use a preexisting implementation or roll your own, but you should support inputs up to at least one million (or the maximum value of your language's default bounded integer type, if that's less).
Support for inputs other than positive integers (like zero, negative integers, and floating-point numbers) is optional.
Related task
Spelling of ordinal numbers.
| #PureBasic | PureBasic | DataSection
numberNames:
;small
Data.s "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine", "ten"
Data.s "eleven", "twelve", "thirteen", "fourteen", "fifteen", "sixteen", "seventeen", "eighteen", "nineteen"
;tens
Data.s "twenty", "thirty", "forty", "fifty", "sixty", "seventy", "eighty", "ninety"
;big, non-Chuquet system
Data.s "thousand", "million", "billion", "trillion", "quadrillion", "quintillion", "sextillion"
Data.s "septillion", "octillion", "nonillion", "decillion", "undecillion", "duodecillion"
Data.s "tredecillion"
EndDataSection
Procedure.s numberWords(number.s)
;handles integers from -1E45 to +1E45
Static isInitialized = #False
Static Dim small.s(19)
Static Dim tens.s(9)
Static Dim big.s(14)
If Not isInitialized
Restore numberNames
For i = 1 To 19
Read.s small(i)
Next
For i = 2 To 9
Read.s tens(i)
Next
For i = 1 To 14
Read.s big(i)
Next
isInitialized = #True
EndIf
For i = 1 To Len(number)
If Not FindString("- 0123456789", Mid(number,i,1), 1)
number = Left(number, i - 1) ;trim number to the last valid character
Break ;exit loop
EndIf
Next
Protected IsNegative = #False
number = Trim(number)
If Left(number,1) = "-"
IsNegative = #True
number = Trim(Mid(number, 2))
EndIf
If CountString(number, "0") = Len(number)
ProcedureReturn "zero"
EndIf
If Len(number) > 45
ProcedureReturn "Number is too big!"
EndIf
Protected num.s = number, output.s, unit, unitOutput.s, working
Repeat
working = Val(Right(num, 2))
unitOutput = ""
Select working
Case 1 To 19
unitOutput = small(working)
Case 20 To 99
If working % 10
unitOutput = tens(working / 10) + "-" + small(working % 10)
Else
unitOutput = tens(working / 10)
EndIf
EndSelect
working = Val(Right(num, 3)) / 100
If working
If unitOutput <> ""
unitOutput = small(working) + " hundred " + unitOutput
Else
unitOutput = small(working) + " hundred"
EndIf
EndIf
If unitOutput <> "" And unit > 0
unitOutput + " " + big(unit)
If output <> ""
unitOutput + ", "
EndIf
EndIf
output = unitOutput + output
If Len(num) > 3
num = Left(num, Len(num) - 3)
unit + 1
Else
Break ;exit loop
EndIf
ForEver
If IsNegative
output = "negative " + output
EndIf
ProcedureReturn output
EndProcedure
Define n$
If OpenConsole()
Repeat
Repeat
Print("Give me an integer (or q to quit)! ")
n$ = Input()
Until n$ <> ""
If Left(Trim(n$),1) = "q"
Break ;exit loop
EndIf
PrintN(numberWords(n$))
ForEver
CloseConsole()
EndIf
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Number_reversal_game | Number reversal game | Task
Given a jumbled list of the numbers 1 to 9 that are definitely not in
ascending order.
Show the list, and then ask the player how many digits from the
left to reverse.
Reverse those digits, then ask again, until all the digits end up in ascending order.
The score is the count of the reversals needed to attain the ascending order.
Note: Assume the player's input does not need extra validation.
Related tasks
Sorting algorithms/Pancake sort
Pancake sorting.
Topswops
| #Racket | Racket | #lang racket
(let loop ([nums (range 1 10)] [n 0])
(cond [(apply < nums) (if (zero? n)
(loop (shuffle nums) 0)
(printf "Done in ~s steps.\n" n))]
[else (printf "Step #~s: ~s\nFlip how many? " n nums)
(define-values (l r) (split-at nums (read)))
(loop (append (reverse l) r) (add1 n))])) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/One-dimensional_cellular_automata | One-dimensional cellular automata | Assume an array of cells with an initial distribution of live and dead cells,
and imaginary cells off the end of the array having fixed values.
Cells in the next generation of the array are calculated based on the value of the cell and its left and right nearest neighbours in the current generation.
If, in the following table, a live cell is represented by 1 and a dead cell by 0 then to generate the value of the cell at a particular index in the array of cellular values you use the following table:
000 -> 0 #
001 -> 0 #
010 -> 0 # Dies without enough neighbours
011 -> 1 # Needs one neighbour to survive
100 -> 0 #
101 -> 1 # Two neighbours giving birth
110 -> 1 # Needs one neighbour to survive
111 -> 0 # Starved to death.
| #Wren | Wren | var trans = "___#_##_"
var v = Fn.new { |cell, i| (cell[i] != "_") ? 1 : 0 }
var evolve = Fn.new { |cell, backup|
var len = cell.count - 2
var diff = 0
for (i in 1...len) {
/* use left, self, right as binary number bits for table index */
backup[i] = trans[v.call(cell, i - 1) * 4 + v.call(cell, i) * 2 + v.call(cell, i + 1)]
diff = diff + ((backup[i] != cell[i]) ? 1 : 0)
}
cell.clear()
cell.addAll(backup)
return diff != 0
}
var c = "_###_##_#_#_#_#__#__".toList
var b = "____________________".toList
while(true) {
System.print(c[1..-1].join())
if (!evolve.call(c,b)) break
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Nonogram_solver | Nonogram solver | A nonogram is a puzzle that provides
numeric clues used to fill in a grid of cells,
establishing for each cell whether it is filled or not.
The puzzle solution is typically a picture of some kind.
Each row and column of a rectangular grid is annotated with the lengths
of its distinct runs of occupied cells.
Using only these lengths you should find one valid configuration
of empty and occupied cells, or show a failure message.
Example
Problem: Solution:
. . . . . . . . 3 . # # # . . . . 3
. . . . . . . . 2 1 # # . # . . . . 2 1
. . . . . . . . 3 2 . # # # . . # # 3 2
. . . . . . . . 2 2 . . # # . . # # 2 2
. . . . . . . . 6 . . # # # # # # 6
. . . . . . . . 1 5 # . # # # # # . 1 5
. . . . . . . . 6 # # # # # # . . 6
. . . . . . . . 1 . . . . # . . . 1
. . . . . . . . 2 . . . # # . . . 2
1 3 1 7 5 3 4 3 1 3 1 7 5 3 4 3
2 1 5 1 2 1 5 1
The problem above could be represented by two lists of lists:
x = [[3], [2,1], [3,2], [2,2], [6], [1,5], [6], [1], [2]]
y = [[1,2], [3,1], [1,5], [7,1], [5], [3], [4], [3]]
A more compact representation of the same problem uses strings,
where the letters represent the numbers, A=1, B=2, etc:
x = "C BA CB BB F AE F A B"
y = "AB CA AE GA E C D C"
Task
For this task, try to solve the 4 problems below, read from a “nonogram_problems.txt” file that has this content
(the blank lines are separators):
C BA CB BB F AE F A B
AB CA AE GA E C D C
F CAC ACAC CN AAA AABB EBB EAA ECCC HCCC
D D AE CD AE A DA BBB CC AAB BAA AAB DA AAB AAA BAB AAA CD BBA DA
CA BDA ACC BD CCAC CBBAC BBBBB BAABAA ABAD AABB BBH BBBD ABBAAA CCEA AACAAB BCACC ACBH DCH ADBE ADBB DBE ECE DAA DB CC
BC CAC CBAB BDD CDBDE BEBDF ADCDFA DCCFB DBCFC ABDBA BBF AAF BADB DBF AAAAD BDG CEF CBDB BBB FC
E BCB BEA BH BEK AABAF ABAC BAA BFB OD JH BADCF Q Q R AN AAN EI H G
E CB BAB AAA AAA AC BB ACC ACCA AGB AIA AJ AJ ACE AH BAF CAG DAG FAH FJ GJ ADK ABK BL CM
Extra credit: generate nonograms with unique solutions, of desired height and width.
This task is the problem n.98 of the "99 Prolog Problems" by Werner Hett (also thanks to Paul Singleton for the idea and the examples).
Related tasks
Nonoblock.
See also
Arc Consistency Algorithm
http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/99_questions/Solutions/98 (Haskell)
http://twanvl.nl/blog/haskell/Nonograms (Haskell)
http://picolisp.com/5000/!wiki?99p98 (PicoLisp)
| #11l | 11l | F gen_row(w, s)
‘Create all patterns of a row or col that match given runs.’
F gen_seg([[Int]] o, Int sp) -> [[Int]]
I o.empty
R [[2] * sp]
[[Int]] r
L(x) 1 .< sp - o.len + 2
L(tail) @gen_seg(o[1..], sp - x)
r [+]= [2] * x [+] o[0] [+] tail
R r
R gen_seg(s.map(i -> [1] * i), w + 1 - sum(s)).map(x -> x[1..])
F deduce(hr, vr)
‘Fix inevitable value of cells, and propagate.’
F allowable(row)
R row.reduce((a, b) -> zip(a, b).map((x, y) -> x [|] y))
F fits(a, b)
R all(zip(a, b).map((x, y) -> x [&] y))
V (w, h) = (vr.len, hr.len)
V rows = hr.map(x -> gen_row(@w, x))
V cols = vr.map(x -> gen_row(@h, x))
V can_do = rows.map(allowable)
V mod_rows = Set[Int]()
V mod_cols = Set(0 .< w)
F fix_col(n)
‘See if any value in a given column is fixed;
if so, mark its corresponding row for future fixup.’
V c = @can_do.map(x -> x[@n])
@cols[n] = @cols[n].filter(x -> @@fits(x, @c))
L(x) @allowable(@cols[n])
V i = L.index
I x != @can_do[i][n]
@mod_rows.add(i)
@can_do[i][n] [&]= x
F fix_row(n)
‘Ditto, for rows.’
V c = @can_do[n]
@rows[n] = @rows[n].filter(x -> @@fits(x, @c))
L(x) @allowable(@rows[n])
V i = L.index
I x != @can_do[n][i]
@mod_cols.add(i)
@can_do[n][i] [&]= x
F show_gram(m)
L(x) m
print(x.map(i -> ‘x#.?’[i]).join(‘ ’))
print()
L !mod_cols.empty
L(i) mod_cols
fix_col(i)
mod_cols.clear()
L(i) mod_rows
fix_row(i)
mod_rows.clear()
I all(multiloop((0 .< w), (0 .< h), (j, i) -> @can_do[i][j] C (1, 2)))
print(‘Solution would be unique’)
E
print(‘Solution may not be unique, doing exhaustive search:’)
V out = [[Int]()] * h
F try_all(Int n) -> Int
I n >= @h
L(j) 0 .< @w
I @out.map(x -> x[@j]) !C @cols[j]
R 0
@show_gram(@out)
R 1
V sol = 0
L(x) @rows[n]
@out[n] = x
sol += @try_all(n + 1)
R sol
V n = try_all(0)
I n == 0
print(‘No solution.’)
E I n == 1
print(‘Unique solution.’)
E
print(n‘ solutions.’)
print()
F solve(p, show_runs = 1B)
[[[Int]]] s
L(l) p.split("\n")
s [+]= l.split(‘ ’).map(w -> w.map(c -> c.code - ‘A’.code + 1))
I show_runs
print(‘Horizontal runs: ’s[0])
print(‘Vertical runs: ’s[1])
deduce(s[0], s[1])
L(p) File(‘nonogram_problems.txt’).read().split("\n\n")
solve(p)
print(‘Extra example not solvable by deduction alone:’)
solve("B B A A\nB B A A")
print(‘Extra example where there is no solution:’)
solve("B A A\nA A A") |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Nonoblock | Nonoblock | Nonoblock is a chip off the old Nonogram puzzle.
Given
The number of cells in a row.
The size of each, (space separated), connected block of cells to fit in the row, in left-to right order.
Task
show all possible positions.
show the number of positions of the blocks for the following cases within the row.
show all output on this page.
use a "neat" diagram of the block positions.
Enumerate the following configurations
5 cells and [2, 1] blocks
5 cells and [] blocks (no blocks)
10 cells and [8] blocks
15 cells and [2, 3, 2, 3] blocks
5 cells and [2, 3] blocks (should give some indication of this not being possible)
Example
Given a row of five cells and a block of two cells followed by a block of one cell - in that order, the example could be shown as:
|_|_|_|_|_| # 5 cells and [2, 1] blocks
And would expand to the following 3 possible rows of block positions:
|A|A|_|B|_|
|A|A|_|_|B|
|_|A|A|_|B|
Note how the sets of blocks are always separated by a space.
Note also that it is not necessary for each block to have a separate letter.
Output approximating
This:
|#|#|_|#|_|
|#|#|_|_|#|
|_|#|#|_|#|
This would also work:
##.#.
##..#
.##.#
An algorithm
Find the minimum space to the right that is needed to legally hold all but the leftmost block of cells (with a space between blocks remember).
The leftmost cell can legitimately be placed in all positions from the LHS up to a RH position that allows enough room for the rest of the blocks.
for each position of the LH block recursively compute the position of the rest of the blocks in the remaining space to the right of the current placement of the LH block.
(This is the algorithm used in the Nonoblock#Python solution).
Reference
The blog post Nonogram puzzle solver (part 1) Inspired this task and donated its Nonoblock#Python solution.
| #Kotlin | Kotlin | // version 1.2.0
fun printBlock(data: String, len: Int) {
val a = data.toCharArray()
val sumChars = a.map { it.toInt() - 48 }.sum()
println("\nblocks ${a.asList()}, cells $len")
if (len - sumChars <= 0) {
println("No solution")
return
}
val prep = a.map { "1".repeat(it.toInt() - 48) }
for (r in genSequence(prep, len - sumChars + 1)) println(r.substring(1))
}
fun genSequence(ones: List<String>, numZeros: Int): List<String> {
if (ones.isEmpty()) return listOf("0".repeat(numZeros))
val result = mutableListOf<String>()
for (x in 1 until numZeros - ones.size + 2) {
val skipOne = ones.drop(1)
for (tail in genSequence(skipOne, numZeros - x)) {
result.add("0".repeat(x) + ones[0] + tail)
}
}
return result
}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
printBlock("21", 5)
printBlock("", 5)
printBlock("8", 10)
printBlock("2323", 15)
printBlock("23", 5)
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-transitive_dice | Non-transitive dice | Let our dice select numbers on their faces with equal probability, i.e. fair dice.
Dice may have more or less than six faces. (The possibility of there being a
3D physical shape that has that many "faces" that allow them to be fair dice,
is ignored for this task - a die with 3 or 33 defined sides is defined by the
number of faces and the numbers on each face).
Throwing dice will randomly select a face on each die with equal probability.
To show which die of dice thrown multiple times is more likely to win over the
others:
calculate all possible combinations of different faces from each die
Count how many times each die wins a combination
Each combination is equally likely so the die with more winning face combinations is statistically more likely to win against the other dice.
If two dice X and Y are thrown against each other then X likely to: win, lose, or break-even against Y can be shown as: X > Y, X < Y, or X = Y respectively.
Example 1
If X is the three sided die with 1, 3, 6 on its faces and Y has 2, 3, 4 on its
faces then the equal possibility outcomes from throwing both, and the winners
is:
X Y Winner
= = ======
1 2 Y
1 3 Y
1 4 Y
3 2 X
3 3 -
3 4 Y
6 2 X
6 3 X
6 4 X
TOTAL WINS: X=4, Y=4
Both die will have the same statistical probability of winning, i.e.their comparison can be written as X = Y
Transitivity
In mathematics transitivity are rules like:
if a op b and b op c then a op c
If, for example, the op, (for operator), is the familiar less than, <, and it's applied to integers
we get the familiar if a < b and b < c then a < c
Non-transitive dice
These are an ordered list of dice where the '>' operation between successive
dice pairs applies but a comparison between the first and last of the list
yields the opposite result, '<'.
(Similarly '<' successive list comparisons with a final '>' between first and last is also non-transitive).
Three dice S, T, U with appropriate face values could satisfy
S < T, T < U and yet S > U
To be non-transitive.
Notes
The order of numbers on the faces of a die is not relevant. For example, three faced die described with face numbers of 1, 2, 3 or 2, 1, 3 or any other permutation are equivalent. For the purposes of the task show only the permutation in lowest-first sorted order i.e. 1, 2, 3 (and remove any of its perms).
A die can have more than one instance of the same number on its faces, e.g. 2, 3, 3, 4
Rotations: Any rotation of non-transitive dice from an answer is also an answer. You may optionally compute and show only one of each such rotation sets, ideally the first when sorted in a natural way. If this option is used then prominently state in the output that rotations of results are also solutions.
Task
====
Find all the ordered lists of three non-transitive dice S, T, U of the form
S < T, T < U and yet S > U; where the dice are selected from all four-faced die
, (unique w.r.t the notes), possible by having selections from the integers
one to four on any dies face.
Solution can be found by generating all possble individual die then testing all
possible permutations, (permutations are ordered), of three dice for
non-transitivity.
Optional stretch goal
Find lists of four non-transitive dice selected from the same possible dice from the non-stretch goal.
Show the results here, on this page.
References
The Most Powerful Dice - Numberphile Video.
Nontransitive dice - Wikipedia.
| #MiniZinc | MiniZinc |
%Non transitive dice. Nigel Galloway, September 14th., 2020
int: die; int: faces; set of int: values;
predicate pN(array[1..faces] of var values: n, array[1..faces] of var values: g) = sum(i in 1..faces,j in 1..faces)(if n[i]<g[j] then 1 elseif n[i]>g[j] then -1 else 0 endif)>0;
predicate pG(array[1..faces] of var values: n) = forall(g in 1..faces-1)(n[g]<=n[g+1]);
array[1..die,1..faces] of var values: g;
constraint forall(n in 1..die)(pG(g[n,1..faces]));
constraint forall(n in 1..die-1)(pN(g[n,1..faces],g[n+1,1..faces]));
constraint pN(g[die,1..faces],g[1,1..faces]);
output[join(" ",[show(g[n,1..faces])++"<"++show(g[n+1,1..faces]) | n in 1..die-1])," "++show(g[die,1..faces])++">"++show(g[1,1..faces])];
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-transitive_dice | Non-transitive dice | Let our dice select numbers on their faces with equal probability, i.e. fair dice.
Dice may have more or less than six faces. (The possibility of there being a
3D physical shape that has that many "faces" that allow them to be fair dice,
is ignored for this task - a die with 3 or 33 defined sides is defined by the
number of faces and the numbers on each face).
Throwing dice will randomly select a face on each die with equal probability.
To show which die of dice thrown multiple times is more likely to win over the
others:
calculate all possible combinations of different faces from each die
Count how many times each die wins a combination
Each combination is equally likely so the die with more winning face combinations is statistically more likely to win against the other dice.
If two dice X and Y are thrown against each other then X likely to: win, lose, or break-even against Y can be shown as: X > Y, X < Y, or X = Y respectively.
Example 1
If X is the three sided die with 1, 3, 6 on its faces and Y has 2, 3, 4 on its
faces then the equal possibility outcomes from throwing both, and the winners
is:
X Y Winner
= = ======
1 2 Y
1 3 Y
1 4 Y
3 2 X
3 3 -
3 4 Y
6 2 X
6 3 X
6 4 X
TOTAL WINS: X=4, Y=4
Both die will have the same statistical probability of winning, i.e.their comparison can be written as X = Y
Transitivity
In mathematics transitivity are rules like:
if a op b and b op c then a op c
If, for example, the op, (for operator), is the familiar less than, <, and it's applied to integers
we get the familiar if a < b and b < c then a < c
Non-transitive dice
These are an ordered list of dice where the '>' operation between successive
dice pairs applies but a comparison between the first and last of the list
yields the opposite result, '<'.
(Similarly '<' successive list comparisons with a final '>' between first and last is also non-transitive).
Three dice S, T, U with appropriate face values could satisfy
S < T, T < U and yet S > U
To be non-transitive.
Notes
The order of numbers on the faces of a die is not relevant. For example, three faced die described with face numbers of 1, 2, 3 or 2, 1, 3 or any other permutation are equivalent. For the purposes of the task show only the permutation in lowest-first sorted order i.e. 1, 2, 3 (and remove any of its perms).
A die can have more than one instance of the same number on its faces, e.g. 2, 3, 3, 4
Rotations: Any rotation of non-transitive dice from an answer is also an answer. You may optionally compute and show only one of each such rotation sets, ideally the first when sorted in a natural way. If this option is used then prominently state in the output that rotations of results are also solutions.
Task
====
Find all the ordered lists of three non-transitive dice S, T, U of the form
S < T, T < U and yet S > U; where the dice are selected from all four-faced die
, (unique w.r.t the notes), possible by having selections from the integers
one to four on any dies face.
Solution can be found by generating all possble individual die then testing all
possible permutations, (permutations are ordered), of three dice for
non-transitivity.
Optional stretch goal
Find lists of four non-transitive dice selected from the same possible dice from the non-stretch goal.
Show the results here, on this page.
References
The Most Powerful Dice - Numberphile Video.
Nontransitive dice - Wikipedia.
| #Nim | Nim |
import algorithm, sequtils, sets, strformat
import itertools
type Die = object
name: string
faces: seq[int]
####################################################################################################
# Die functions.
func `$`(die: Die): string =
## Return the string representation of a Die.
&"({die.name}: {($die.faces)[1..^1]})"
func cmp(die1, die2: Die): int =
## Compare two die returning 1, -1 or 0 for operators >, < ==.
var tot: array[3, int]
for d in product(die1.faces, die2.faces):
inc tot[1 + ord(d[1] < d[0]) - ord(d[0] < d[1])]
result = ord(tot[0] < tot[2]) - ord(tot[2] < tot[0])
func verboseCmp(die1, die2: Die): string =
## Compare tow die returning a string.
var win1, win2 = 0
for (d1, d2) in product(die1.faces, die2.faces):
inc win1, ord(d1 > d2)
inc win2, ord(d2 > d1)
result = if win1 > win2: &"{die1.name} > {die2.name}"
elif win1 < win2: &"{die1.name} < {die2.name}"
else: &"{die1.name} = {die2.name}"
func `>`(die1, die2: Die): bool = cmp(die1, die2) > 0
func `<=`(die1, die2: Die): bool = cmp(die1, die2) <= 0
####################################################################################################
# Added a permutation iterator as that of "itertools" doesn't allow to specify the length.
iterator permutations[T](values: openArray[T]; r: int): seq[T] {.closure} =
## Yield permutations of length "r" with elements taken from "values".
let n = values.len
if r > n: return
var indices = toSeq(0..<n)
var cycles = toSeq(countdown(n, n - r + 1))
var perm = values[0..<r]
yield perm
if n == 0: return
while true:
var exit = true
for i in countdown(r - 1, 0):
dec cycles[i]
if cycles[i] == 0:
discard indices.rotateLeft(i..indices.high, 1)
cycles[i] = n - i
else:
let j = cycles[i]
swap indices[i], indices[^j]
for iperm, ivalues in indices[0..<r]:
perm[iperm] = values[ivalues]
yield perm
exit = false
break
if exit: return
####################################################################################################
# Dice functions.
func isNonTrans(dice: openArray[Die]): bool =
## Return true if ordering of die in dice is non-transitive.
for i in 1..dice.high:
if dice[i] <= dice[i-1]: return false
result = dice[0] > dice[^1]
func findNonTrans(allDice: openArray[Die]; n = 3): seq[seq[Die]] =
## Return the list of non-transitive dice.
for perm in permutations(allDice, n):
if perm.isNontrans:
result.add perm
proc possibleDice(sides, maxval: Positive): seq[Die] =
## Return the list of possible dice with given number of sides and maximum value.
echo &"All possible 1..{maxval} {sides}-sided dice."
var dice: seq[Die]
var n = 1
for faces in product(toSeq(1..maxval), repeat = sides):
dice.add Die(name: &"D{n}", faces: faces)
inc n
echo &" Created {dice.len} dice."
echo " Remove duplicate with same bag of numbers on different faces."
var found: HashSet[seq[int]]
for d in dice:
let count = sorted(d.faces)
if count notin found:
found.incl count
result.add d
echo &" Return {result.len} filtered dice."
func verboseDiceCmp(dice: openArray[Die]): string =
## Return the verbose comparison of dice.
for i in 1..dice.high:
result.add verboseCmp(dice[i-1], dice[i]) & ", "
result.add verboseCmp(dice[0], dice[^1])
#———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
when isMainModule:
let dice = possibleDice(sides = 4, maxval = 4)
for n in [3, 4]:
let nonTrans = dice.findNonTrans(n)
echo &"\n Non-transitive length-{n} combinations found: {nonTrans.len}."
for list in nonTrans:
echo ""
for i, die in list:
echo " ", if i == 0: '[' else: ' ', die, if i == list.high: "]" else: ","
if nonTrans.len != 0:
echo &"\n More verbose comparison of last non-transitive result:"
echo " ", verboseDiceCmp(nonTrans[^1])
echo "\n ====" |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-continuous_subsequences | Non-continuous subsequences | Consider some sequence of elements. (It differs from a mere set of elements by having an ordering among members.)
A subsequence contains some subset of the elements of this sequence, in the same order.
A continuous subsequence is one in which no elements are missing between the first and last elements of the subsequence.
Note: Subsequences are defined structurally, not by their contents.
So a sequence a,b,c,d will always have the same subsequences and continuous subsequences, no matter which values are substituted; it may even be the same value.
Task: Find all non-continuous subsequences for a given sequence.
Example
For the sequence 1,2,3,4, there are five non-continuous subsequences, namely:
1,3
1,4
2,4
1,3,4
1,2,4
Goal
There are different ways to calculate those subsequences.
Demonstrate algorithm(s) that are natural for the language.
Other tasks related to string operations:
Metrics
Array length
String length
Copy a string
Empty string (assignment)
Counting
Word frequency
Letter frequency
Jewels and stones
I before E except after C
Bioinformatics/base count
Count occurrences of a substring
Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string
Remove/replace
XXXX redacted
Conjugate a Latin verb
Remove vowels from a string
String interpolation (included)
Strip block comments
Strip comments from a string
Strip a set of characters from a string
Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail
Strip control codes and extended characters from a string
Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling
Word wheel
ABC problem
Sattolo cycle
Knuth shuffle
Ordered words
Superpermutation minimisation
Textonyms (using a phone text pad)
Anagrams
Anagrams/Deranged anagrams
Permutations/Derangements
Find/Search/Determine
ABC words
Odd words
Word ladder
Semordnilap
Word search
Wordiff (game)
String matching
Tea cup rim text
Alternade words
Changeable words
State name puzzle
String comparison
Unique characters
Unique characters in each string
Extract file extension
Levenshtein distance
Palindrome detection
Common list elements
Longest common suffix
Longest common prefix
Compare a list of strings
Longest common substring
Find common directory path
Words from neighbour ones
Change e letters to i in words
Non-continuous subsequences
Longest common subsequence
Longest palindromic substrings
Longest increasing subsequence
Words containing "the" substring
Sum of the digits of n is substring of n
Determine if a string is numeric
Determine if a string is collapsible
Determine if a string is squeezable
Determine if a string has all unique characters
Determine if a string has all the same characters
Longest substrings without repeating characters
Find words which contains all the vowels
Find words which contains most consonants
Find words which contains more than 3 vowels
Find words which first and last three letters are equals
Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa
Formatting
Substring
Rep-string
Word wrap
String case
Align columns
Literals/String
Repeat a string
Brace expansion
Brace expansion using ranges
Reverse a string
Phrase reversals
Comma quibbling
Special characters
String concatenation
Substring/Top and tail
Commatizing numbers
Reverse words in a string
Suffixation of decimal numbers
Long literals, with continuations
Numerical and alphabetical suffixes
Abbreviations, easy
Abbreviations, simple
Abbreviations, automatic
Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases
Mad Libs
Magic 8-ball
99 Bottles of Beer
The Name Game (a song)
The Old lady swallowed a fly
The Twelve Days of Christmas
Tokenize
Text between
Tokenize a string
Word break problem
Tokenize a string with escaping
Split a character string based on change of character
Sequences
Show ASCII table
De Bruijn sequences
Self-referential sequences
Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
| #ALGOL_68 | ALGOL 68 | PROC test non continuous = VOID: BEGIN
MODE SEQMODE = CHAR;
MODE SEQ = [1:0]SEQMODE;
MODE YIELDSEQ = PROC(SEQ)VOID;
PROC gen ncs =
( SEQ tail, # To generate subsequences of #
SEQ head, # Already generated #
BOOL contiguous,# It is still continuous #
YIELDSEQ yield
) VOID:
BEGIN
IF NOT contiguous ANDTH UPB head > 1 THEN
yield (head)
FI;
IF UPB tail /= 0 THEN
[UPB head+1]SEQMODE new head;
new head [:UPB head] := head;
FOR i TO UPB tail DO
new head [UPB new head] := tail [i];
gen ncs
( tail[i + 1:UPB tail],
new head,
contiguous ANDTH (i = LWB tail OREL UPB head = 0),
yield
)
OD
FI
END # put ncs #;
# FOR SEQ seq IN # gen ncs(("a","e","i","o","u"), (), TRUE, # ) DO ( #
## (SEQ seq)VOID:
print((seq, new line))
# OD # )
END; test non continuous |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Convert | Non-decimal radices/Convert | Number base conversion is when you express a stored integer in an integer base, such as in octal (base 8) or binary (base 2). It also is involved when you take a string representing a number in a given base and convert it to the stored integer form. Normally, a stored integer is in binary, but that's typically invisible to the user, who normally enters or sees stored integers as decimal.
Task
Write a function (or identify the built-in function) which is passed a non-negative integer to convert, and another integer representing the base.
It should return a string containing the digits of the resulting number, without leading zeros except for the number 0 itself.
For the digits beyond 9, one should use the lowercase English alphabet, where the digit a = 9+1, b = a+1, etc.
For example: the decimal number 26 expressed in base 16 would be 1a.
Write a second function which is passed a string and an integer base, and it returns an integer representing that string interpreted in that base.
The programs may be limited by the word size or other such constraint of a given language. There is no need to do error checking for negatives, bases less than 2, or inappropriate digits.
| #8086_Assembly | 8086 Assembly | mov ah,02h
mov al,00h ;this is the unpacked encoding of octal "20" aka 10 in hexadecimal, 16 in decimal. Ignore the leading zeroes.
byte 0D5h,08h ;most assemblers don't allow you to encode a base so we have to inline the bytecode. |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Input | Non-decimal radices/Input | It is common to have a string containing a number written in some format, with the most common ones being decimal, hexadecimal, octal and binary. Such strings are found in many places (user interfaces, configuration files, XML data, network protocols, etc.)
This task requires parsing of such a string (which may be assumed to contain nothing else) using the language's built-in facilities if possible. Parsing of decimal strings is required, parsing of other formats is optional but should be shown (i.e., if the language can parse in base-19 then that should be illustrated).
The solutions may assume that the base of the number in the string is known. In particular, if your language has a facility to guess the base of a number by looking at a prefix (e.g. "0x" for hexadecimal) or other distinguishing syntax as it parses it, please show that.
The reverse operation is in task Non-decimal radices/Output
For general number base conversion, see Non-decimal radices/Convert.
| #Erlang | Erlang | <12> erlang:list_to_integer("ffff", 17).
78300
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Input | Non-decimal radices/Input | It is common to have a string containing a number written in some format, with the most common ones being decimal, hexadecimal, octal and binary. Such strings are found in many places (user interfaces, configuration files, XML data, network protocols, etc.)
This task requires parsing of such a string (which may be assumed to contain nothing else) using the language's built-in facilities if possible. Parsing of decimal strings is required, parsing of other formats is optional but should be shown (i.e., if the language can parse in base-19 then that should be illustrated).
The solutions may assume that the base of the number in the string is known. In particular, if your language has a facility to guess the base of a number by looking at a prefix (e.g. "0x" for hexadecimal) or other distinguishing syntax as it parses it, please show that.
The reverse operation is in task Non-decimal radices/Output
For general number base conversion, see Non-decimal radices/Convert.
| #F.23 | F# | let value = "100"
let fromBases = [ 2; 8; 10; 16 ]
let values = Seq.initInfinite (fun i -> value)
Seq.zip fromBases (Seq.zip values fromBases |> Seq.map (System.Convert.ToInt32))
|> Seq.iter (
fun (fromBase, valueFromBaseX) ->
printfn "%s in base %i is %i in base 10" value fromBase valueFromBaseX) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Output | Non-decimal radices/Output | Programming languages often have built-in routines to convert a non-negative integer for printing in different number bases. Such common number bases might include binary, Octal and Hexadecimal.
Task
Print a small range of integers in some different bases, as supported by standard routines of your programming language.
Note
This is distinct from Number base conversion as a user-defined conversion function is not asked for.)
The reverse operation is Common number base parsing.
| #C.2B.2B | C++ | #include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
int main()
{
for (int i = 0; i <= 33; i++)
std::cout << std::setw(6) << std::dec << i << " "
<< std::setw(6) << std::hex << i << " "
<< std::setw(6) << std::oct << i << std::endl;
return 0;
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Output | Non-decimal radices/Output | Programming languages often have built-in routines to convert a non-negative integer for printing in different number bases. Such common number bases might include binary, Octal and Hexadecimal.
Task
Print a small range of integers in some different bases, as supported by standard routines of your programming language.
Note
This is distinct from Number base conversion as a user-defined conversion function is not asked for.)
The reverse operation is Common number base parsing.
| #Clojure | Clojure | (Integer/toBinaryString 25) ; returns "11001"
(Integer/toOctalString 25) ; returns "31"
(Integer/toHexString 25) ; returns "19"
(dotimes [i 20]
(println (Integer/toHexString i))) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Number_names | Number names | Task
Show how to spell out a number in English.
You can use a preexisting implementation or roll your own, but you should support inputs up to at least one million (or the maximum value of your language's default bounded integer type, if that's less).
Support for inputs other than positive integers (like zero, negative integers, and floating-point numbers) is optional.
Related task
Spelling of ordinal numbers.
| #Python | Python | TENS = [None, None, "twenty", "thirty", "forty",
"fifty", "sixty", "seventy", "eighty", "ninety"]
SMALL = ["zero", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five",
"six", "seven", "eight", "nine", "ten", "eleven",
"twelve", "thirteen", "fourteen", "fifteen",
"sixteen", "seventeen", "eighteen", "nineteen"]
HUGE = [None, None] + [h + "illion"
for h in ("m", "b", "tr", "quadr", "quint", "sext",
"sept", "oct", "non", "dec")]
def nonzero(c, n, connect=''):
return "" if n == 0 else connect + c + spell_integer(n)
def last_and(num):
if ',' in num:
pre, last = num.rsplit(',', 1)
if ' and ' not in last:
last = ' and' + last
num = ''.join([pre, ',', last])
return num
def big(e, n):
if e == 0:
return spell_integer(n)
elif e == 1:
return spell_integer(n) + " thousand"
else:
return spell_integer(n) + " " + HUGE[e]
def base1000_rev(n):
# generates the value of the digits of n in base 1000
# (i.e. 3-digit chunks), in reverse.
while n != 0:
n, r = divmod(n, 1000)
yield r
def spell_integer(n):
if n < 0:
return "minus " + spell_integer(-n)
elif n < 20:
return SMALL[n]
elif n < 100:
a, b = divmod(n, 10)
return TENS[a] + nonzero("-", b)
elif n < 1000:
a, b = divmod(n, 100)
return SMALL[a] + " hundred" + nonzero(" ", b, ' and')
else:
num = ", ".join([big(e, x) for e, x in
enumerate(base1000_rev(n)) if x][::-1])
return last_and(num)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# examples
for n in (0, -3, 5, -7, 11, -13, 17, -19, 23, -29):
print('%+4i -> %s' % (n, spell_integer(n)))
print('')
n = 201021002001
while n:
print('%-12i -> %s' % (n, spell_integer(n)))
n //= -10
print('%-12i -> %s' % (n, spell_integer(n)))
print('') |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Number_reversal_game | Number reversal game | Task
Given a jumbled list of the numbers 1 to 9 that are definitely not in
ascending order.
Show the list, and then ask the player how many digits from the
left to reverse.
Reverse those digits, then ask again, until all the digits end up in ascending order.
The score is the count of the reversals needed to attain the ascending order.
Note: Assume the player's input does not need extra validation.
Related tasks
Sorting algorithms/Pancake sort
Pancake sorting.
Topswops
| #Raku | Raku | repeat while [<] my @jumbled-list {
@jumbled-list = (1..9).pick(*)
}
my $turn = 0;
repeat until [<] @jumbled-list {
my $d = prompt $turn.=succ.fmt('%2d: ') ~
@jumbled-list ~
" - Flip how many digits? "
or exit;
@jumbled-list[^$d] .= reverse;
}
say " @jumbled-list[]";
say "You won in $turn turns."; |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/One-dimensional_cellular_automata | One-dimensional cellular automata | Assume an array of cells with an initial distribution of live and dead cells,
and imaginary cells off the end of the array having fixed values.
Cells in the next generation of the array are calculated based on the value of the cell and its left and right nearest neighbours in the current generation.
If, in the following table, a live cell is represented by 1 and a dead cell by 0 then to generate the value of the cell at a particular index in the array of cellular values you use the following table:
000 -> 0 #
001 -> 0 #
010 -> 0 # Dies without enough neighbours
011 -> 1 # Needs one neighbour to survive
100 -> 0 #
101 -> 1 # Two neighbours giving birth
110 -> 1 # Needs one neighbour to survive
111 -> 0 # Starved to death.
| #XPL0 | XPL0 | code ChOut=8, CrLf=9;
int Gen, Now, New, I;
[Now:= $076A_A400;
for Gen:= 1 to 10 do
[for I:= 31 downto 0 do ChOut(0, if Now & 1<<I then ^# else ^_);
CrLf(0);
New:= 0;
for I:= 30 downto 1 do
case Now>>(I-1) & 7 of %011, %101, %110: New:= New ! 1<<I other;
Now:= New;
];
] |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/One-dimensional_cellular_automata | One-dimensional cellular automata | Assume an array of cells with an initial distribution of live and dead cells,
and imaginary cells off the end of the array having fixed values.
Cells in the next generation of the array are calculated based on the value of the cell and its left and right nearest neighbours in the current generation.
If, in the following table, a live cell is represented by 1 and a dead cell by 0 then to generate the value of the cell at a particular index in the array of cellular values you use the following table:
000 -> 0 #
001 -> 0 #
010 -> 0 # Dies without enough neighbours
011 -> 1 # Needs one neighbour to survive
100 -> 0 #
101 -> 1 # Two neighbours giving birth
110 -> 1 # Needs one neighbour to survive
111 -> 0 # Starved to death.
| #Yabasic | Yabasic | 10 n=10:READ w:DIM x(w+1),x2(w+1):FOR i=1 to w:READ x(i):NEXT
20 FOR k=1 TO n
30 FOR j=1 TO w
40 IF x(j) THEN PRINT "#"; ELSE PRINT "_"; END IF
50 IF x(j-1)+x(j)+x(j+1)=2 THEN x2(j)=1 ELSE x2(j)=0 END IF
60 NEXT:PRINT
70 FOR j=1 TO w:x(j)=x2(j):NEXT
80 NEXT
90 DATA 20,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,0 |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Nonogram_solver | Nonogram solver | A nonogram is a puzzle that provides
numeric clues used to fill in a grid of cells,
establishing for each cell whether it is filled or not.
The puzzle solution is typically a picture of some kind.
Each row and column of a rectangular grid is annotated with the lengths
of its distinct runs of occupied cells.
Using only these lengths you should find one valid configuration
of empty and occupied cells, or show a failure message.
Example
Problem: Solution:
. . . . . . . . 3 . # # # . . . . 3
. . . . . . . . 2 1 # # . # . . . . 2 1
. . . . . . . . 3 2 . # # # . . # # 3 2
. . . . . . . . 2 2 . . # # . . # # 2 2
. . . . . . . . 6 . . # # # # # # 6
. . . . . . . . 1 5 # . # # # # # . 1 5
. . . . . . . . 6 # # # # # # . . 6
. . . . . . . . 1 . . . . # . . . 1
. . . . . . . . 2 . . . # # . . . 2
1 3 1 7 5 3 4 3 1 3 1 7 5 3 4 3
2 1 5 1 2 1 5 1
The problem above could be represented by two lists of lists:
x = [[3], [2,1], [3,2], [2,2], [6], [1,5], [6], [1], [2]]
y = [[1,2], [3,1], [1,5], [7,1], [5], [3], [4], [3]]
A more compact representation of the same problem uses strings,
where the letters represent the numbers, A=1, B=2, etc:
x = "C BA CB BB F AE F A B"
y = "AB CA AE GA E C D C"
Task
For this task, try to solve the 4 problems below, read from a “nonogram_problems.txt” file that has this content
(the blank lines are separators):
C BA CB BB F AE F A B
AB CA AE GA E C D C
F CAC ACAC CN AAA AABB EBB EAA ECCC HCCC
D D AE CD AE A DA BBB CC AAB BAA AAB DA AAB AAA BAB AAA CD BBA DA
CA BDA ACC BD CCAC CBBAC BBBBB BAABAA ABAD AABB BBH BBBD ABBAAA CCEA AACAAB BCACC ACBH DCH ADBE ADBB DBE ECE DAA DB CC
BC CAC CBAB BDD CDBDE BEBDF ADCDFA DCCFB DBCFC ABDBA BBF AAF BADB DBF AAAAD BDG CEF CBDB BBB FC
E BCB BEA BH BEK AABAF ABAC BAA BFB OD JH BADCF Q Q R AN AAN EI H G
E CB BAB AAA AAA AC BB ACC ACCA AGB AIA AJ AJ ACE AH BAF CAG DAG FAH FJ GJ ADK ABK BL CM
Extra credit: generate nonograms with unique solutions, of desired height and width.
This task is the problem n.98 of the "99 Prolog Problems" by Werner Hett (also thanks to Paul Singleton for the idea and the examples).
Related tasks
Nonoblock.
See also
Arc Consistency Algorithm
http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/99_questions/Solutions/98 (Haskell)
http://twanvl.nl/blog/haskell/Nonograms (Haskell)
http://picolisp.com/5000/!wiki?99p98 (PicoLisp)
| #C.23 | C# | using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using static System.Linq.Enumerable;
public static class NonogramSolver
{
public static void Main2() {
foreach (var (x, y) in new [] {
("C BA CB BB F AE F A B", "AB CA AE GA E C D C"),
("F CAC ACAC CN AAA AABB EBB EAA ECCC HCCC",
"D D AE CD AE A DA BBB CC AAB BAA AAB DA AAB AAA BAB AAA CD BBA DA"),
("CA BDA ACC BD CCAC CBBAC BBBBB BAABAA ABAD AABB BBH BBBD ABBAAA CCEA AACAAB BCACC ACBH DCH ADBE ADBB DBE ECE DAA DB CC",
"BC CAC CBAB BDD CDBDE BEBDF ADCDFA DCCFB DBCFC ABDBA BBF AAF BADB DBF AAAAD BDG CEF CBDB BBB FC"),
("E BCB BEA BH BEK AABAF ABAC BAA BFB OD JH BADCF Q Q R AN AAN EI H G",
"E CB BAB AAA AAA AC BB ACC ACCA AGB AIA AJ AJ ACE AH BAF CAG DAG FAH FJ GJ ADK ABK BL CM")
})
{
Solve(x, y);
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
static void Solve(string rowLetters, string columnLetters) {
var r = rowLetters.Split(" ").Select(row => row.Select(s => s - 'A' + 1).ToArray()).ToArray();
var c = columnLetters.Split(" ").Select(column => column.Select(s => s - 'A' + 1).ToArray()).ToArray();
Solve(r, c);
}
static void Solve(int[][] rowRuns, int[][] columnRuns) {
int len = columnRuns.Length;
var rows = rowRuns.Select(row => Generate(len, row)).ToList();
var columns = columnRuns.Select(column => Generate(rowRuns.Length, column)).ToList();
Reduce(rows, columns);
foreach (var list in rows) {
if (list.Count != 1) Console.WriteLine(Repeat('?', len).Spaced());
else Console.WriteLine(list[0].ToString().PadLeft(len, '0').Replace('1', '#').Replace('0', '.').Reverse().Spaced());
}
}
static List<BitSet> Generate(int length, params int[] runs) {
var list = new List<BitSet>();
BitSet initial = BitSet.Empty;
int[] sums = new int[runs.Length];
sums[0] = 0;
for (int i = 1; i < runs.Length; i++) sums[i] = sums[i - 1] + runs[i - 1] + 1;
for (int r = 0; r < runs.Length; r++) initial = initial.AddRange(sums[r], runs[r]);
Generate(list, BitSet.Empty.Add(length), runs, sums, initial, 0, 0);
return list;
}
static void Generate(List<BitSet> result, BitSet max, int[] runs, int[] sums, BitSet current, int index, int shift) {
if (index == runs.Length) {
result.Add(current);
return;
}
while (current.Value < max.Value) {
Generate(result, max, runs, sums, current, index + 1, shift);
current = current.ShiftLeftAt(sums[index] + shift);
shift++;
}
}
static void Reduce(List<List<BitSet>> rows, List<List<BitSet>> columns) {
for (int count = 1; count > 0; ) {
foreach (var (rowIndex, row) in rows.WithIndex()) {
var allOn = row.Aggregate((a, b) => a & b);
var allOff = row.Aggregate((a, b) => a | b);
foreach (var (columnIndex, column) in columns.WithIndex()) {
count = column.RemoveAll(c => allOn.Contains(columnIndex) && !c.Contains(rowIndex));
count += column.RemoveAll(c => !allOff.Contains(columnIndex) && c.Contains(rowIndex));
}
}
foreach (var (columnIndex, column) in columns.WithIndex()) {
var allOn = column.Aggregate((a, b) => a & b);
var allOff = column.Aggregate((a, b) => a | b);
foreach (var (rowIndex, row) in rows.WithIndex()) {
count += row.RemoveAll(r => allOn.Contains(rowIndex) && !r.Contains(columnIndex));
count += row.RemoveAll(r => !allOff.Contains(rowIndex) && r.Contains(columnIndex));
}
}
}
}
static IEnumerable<(int index, T element)> WithIndex<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source) {
int i = 0;
foreach (T element in source) {
yield return (i++, element);
}
}
static string Reverse(this string s) {
char[] array = s.ToCharArray();
Array.Reverse(array);
return new string(array);
}
static string Spaced(this IEnumerable<char> s) => string.Join(" ", s);
struct BitSet //Unused functionality elided.
{
public static BitSet Empty => default;
private readonly int bits;
public int Value => bits;
private BitSet(int bits) => this.bits = bits;
public BitSet Add(int item) => new BitSet(bits | (1 << item));
public BitSet AddRange(int start, int count) => new BitSet(bits | (((1 << (start + count)) - 1) - ((1 << start) - 1)));
public bool Contains(int item) => (bits & (1 << item)) != 0;
public BitSet ShiftLeftAt(int index) => new BitSet((bits >> index << (index + 1)) | (bits & ((1 << index) - 1)));
public override string ToString() => Convert.ToString(bits, 2);
public static BitSet operator &(BitSet a, BitSet b) => new BitSet(a.bits & b.bits);
public static BitSet operator |(BitSet a, BitSet b) => new BitSet(a.bits | b.bits);
}
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Nonoblock | Nonoblock | Nonoblock is a chip off the old Nonogram puzzle.
Given
The number of cells in a row.
The size of each, (space separated), connected block of cells to fit in the row, in left-to right order.
Task
show all possible positions.
show the number of positions of the blocks for the following cases within the row.
show all output on this page.
use a "neat" diagram of the block positions.
Enumerate the following configurations
5 cells and [2, 1] blocks
5 cells and [] blocks (no blocks)
10 cells and [8] blocks
15 cells and [2, 3, 2, 3] blocks
5 cells and [2, 3] blocks (should give some indication of this not being possible)
Example
Given a row of five cells and a block of two cells followed by a block of one cell - in that order, the example could be shown as:
|_|_|_|_|_| # 5 cells and [2, 1] blocks
And would expand to the following 3 possible rows of block positions:
|A|A|_|B|_|
|A|A|_|_|B|
|_|A|A|_|B|
Note how the sets of blocks are always separated by a space.
Note also that it is not necessary for each block to have a separate letter.
Output approximating
This:
|#|#|_|#|_|
|#|#|_|_|#|
|_|#|#|_|#|
This would also work:
##.#.
##..#
.##.#
An algorithm
Find the minimum space to the right that is needed to legally hold all but the leftmost block of cells (with a space between blocks remember).
The leftmost cell can legitimately be placed in all positions from the LHS up to a RH position that allows enough room for the rest of the blocks.
for each position of the LH block recursively compute the position of the rest of the blocks in the remaining space to the right of the current placement of the LH block.
(This is the algorithm used in the Nonoblock#Python solution).
Reference
The blog post Nonogram puzzle solver (part 1) Inspired this task and donated its Nonoblock#Python solution.
| #Lua | Lua | local examples = {
{5, {2, 1}},
{5, {}},
{10, {8}},
{15, {2, 3, 2, 3}},
{5, {2, 3}},
}
function deep (blocks, iBlock, freedom, str)
if iBlock == #blocks then -- last
for takenFreedom = 0, freedom do
print (str..string.rep("0", takenFreedom) .. string.rep("1", blocks[iBlock]) .. string.rep("0", freedom - takenFreedom))
total = total + 1
end
else
for takenFreedom = 0, freedom do
local str2 = str..string.rep("0", takenFreedom) .. string.rep("1", blocks[iBlock]) .. "0"
deep (blocks, iBlock+1, freedom-takenFreedom, str2)
end
end
end
function main (cells, blocks) -- number, list
local str = " "
print (cells .. ' cells and {' .. table.concat(blocks, ', ') .. '} blocks')
local freedom = cells - #blocks + 1 -- freedom
for iBlock = 1, #blocks do
freedom = freedom - blocks[iBlock]
end
if #blocks == 0 then
print ('no blocks')
print (str..string.rep("0", cells))
total = 1
elseif freedom < 0 then
print ('no solutions')
else
print ('Possibilities:')
deep (blocks, 1, freedom, str)
end
end
for i, example in ipairs (examples) do
print ("\n--")
total = 0
main (example[1], example[2])
print ('A total of ' .. total .. ' possible configurations.')
end |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-transitive_dice | Non-transitive dice | Let our dice select numbers on their faces with equal probability, i.e. fair dice.
Dice may have more or less than six faces. (The possibility of there being a
3D physical shape that has that many "faces" that allow them to be fair dice,
is ignored for this task - a die with 3 or 33 defined sides is defined by the
number of faces and the numbers on each face).
Throwing dice will randomly select a face on each die with equal probability.
To show which die of dice thrown multiple times is more likely to win over the
others:
calculate all possible combinations of different faces from each die
Count how many times each die wins a combination
Each combination is equally likely so the die with more winning face combinations is statistically more likely to win against the other dice.
If two dice X and Y are thrown against each other then X likely to: win, lose, or break-even against Y can be shown as: X > Y, X < Y, or X = Y respectively.
Example 1
If X is the three sided die with 1, 3, 6 on its faces and Y has 2, 3, 4 on its
faces then the equal possibility outcomes from throwing both, and the winners
is:
X Y Winner
= = ======
1 2 Y
1 3 Y
1 4 Y
3 2 X
3 3 -
3 4 Y
6 2 X
6 3 X
6 4 X
TOTAL WINS: X=4, Y=4
Both die will have the same statistical probability of winning, i.e.their comparison can be written as X = Y
Transitivity
In mathematics transitivity are rules like:
if a op b and b op c then a op c
If, for example, the op, (for operator), is the familiar less than, <, and it's applied to integers
we get the familiar if a < b and b < c then a < c
Non-transitive dice
These are an ordered list of dice where the '>' operation between successive
dice pairs applies but a comparison between the first and last of the list
yields the opposite result, '<'.
(Similarly '<' successive list comparisons with a final '>' between first and last is also non-transitive).
Three dice S, T, U with appropriate face values could satisfy
S < T, T < U and yet S > U
To be non-transitive.
Notes
The order of numbers on the faces of a die is not relevant. For example, three faced die described with face numbers of 1, 2, 3 or 2, 1, 3 or any other permutation are equivalent. For the purposes of the task show only the permutation in lowest-first sorted order i.e. 1, 2, 3 (and remove any of its perms).
A die can have more than one instance of the same number on its faces, e.g. 2, 3, 3, 4
Rotations: Any rotation of non-transitive dice from an answer is also an answer. You may optionally compute and show only one of each such rotation sets, ideally the first when sorted in a natural way. If this option is used then prominently state in the output that rotations of results are also solutions.
Task
====
Find all the ordered lists of three non-transitive dice S, T, U of the form
S < T, T < U and yet S > U; where the dice are selected from all four-faced die
, (unique w.r.t the notes), possible by having selections from the integers
one to four on any dies face.
Solution can be found by generating all possble individual die then testing all
possible permutations, (permutations are ordered), of three dice for
non-transitivity.
Optional stretch goal
Find lists of four non-transitive dice selected from the same possible dice from the non-stretch goal.
Show the results here, on this page.
References
The Most Powerful Dice - Numberphile Video.
Nontransitive dice - Wikipedia.
| #Perl | Perl | use strict;
use warnings;
sub fourFaceCombs {
my %found = ();
my @res = ();
for (my $i = 1; $i <= 4; $i++) {
for (my $j = 1; $j <= 4; $j++) {
for (my $k = 1; $k <= 4; $k++) {
for (my $l = 1; $l <= 4; $l++) {
my @c = sort ($i, $j, $k, $l);
my $key = 0;
for my $p (@c) {
$key = 10 * $key + $p;
}
if (not exists $found{$key}) {
$found{$key} = 1;
push @res, \@c;
}
}
}
}
}
return @res;
}
sub compare {
my $xref = shift;
my $yref = shift;
my @x = @$xref;
my $xw = 0;
my @y = @$yref;
my $yw = 0;
for my $i (@x) {
for my $j (@y) {
if ($i < $j) {
$yw++;
}
if ($j < $i) {
$xw++;
}
}
}
if ($xw < $yw) {
return -1;
}
if ($yw < $xw) {
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
sub findIntransitive3 {
my $dice_ref = shift;
my @dice = @$dice_ref;
my $len = scalar @dice;
my @res = ();
for (my $i = 0; $i < $len; $i++) {
for (my $j = 0; $j < $len; $j++) {
my $first = compare($dice[$i], $dice[$j]);
if ($first == 1) {
for (my $k = 0; $k < $len; $k++) {
my $second = compare($dice[$j], $dice[$k]);
if ($second == 1) {
my $third = compare($dice[$k], $dice[$i]);
if ($third == 1) {
my $d1r = $dice[$i];
my $d2r = $dice[$j];
my $d3r = $dice[$k];
my @itd = ($d1r, $d2r, $d3r);
push @res, \@itd;
}
}
}
}
}
}
return @res;
}
sub findIntransitive4 {
my $dice_ref = shift;
my @dice = @$dice_ref;
my $len = scalar @dice;
my @res = ();
for (my $i = 0; $i < $len; $i++) {
for (my $j = 0; $j < $len; $j++) {
for (my $k = 0; $k < $len; $k++) {
for (my $l = 0; $l < $len; $l++) {
my $first = compare($dice[$i], $dice[$j]);
if ($first == 1) {
my $second = compare($dice[$j], $dice[$k]);
if ($second == 1) {
my $third = compare($dice[$k], $dice[$l]);
if ($third == 1) {
my $fourth = compare($dice[$l], $dice[$i]);
if ($fourth == 1) {
my $d1r = $dice[$i];
my $d2r = $dice[$j];
my $d3r = $dice[$k];
my $d4r = $dice[$l];
my @itd = ($d1r, $d2r, $d3r, $d4r);
push @res, \@itd;
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
return @res;
}
sub main {
my @dice = fourFaceCombs();
my $len = scalar @dice;
print "Number of eligible 4-faced dice: $len\n\n";
my @it3 = findIntransitive3(\@dice);
my $count3 = scalar @it3;
print "$count3 ordered lists of 3 non-transitive dice found, namely:\n";
for my $itref (@it3) {
print "[ ";
for my $r (@$itref) {
print "[@$r] ";
}
print "]\n";
}
print "\n";
my @it4 = findIntransitive4(\@dice);
my $count = scalar @it4;
print "$count ordered lists of 4 non-transitive dice found, namely:\n";
for my $itref (@it4) {
print "[ ";
for my $r (@$itref) {
print "[@$r] ";
}
print "]\n";
}
}
main(); |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-continuous_subsequences | Non-continuous subsequences | Consider some sequence of elements. (It differs from a mere set of elements by having an ordering among members.)
A subsequence contains some subset of the elements of this sequence, in the same order.
A continuous subsequence is one in which no elements are missing between the first and last elements of the subsequence.
Note: Subsequences are defined structurally, not by their contents.
So a sequence a,b,c,d will always have the same subsequences and continuous subsequences, no matter which values are substituted; it may even be the same value.
Task: Find all non-continuous subsequences for a given sequence.
Example
For the sequence 1,2,3,4, there are five non-continuous subsequences, namely:
1,3
1,4
2,4
1,3,4
1,2,4
Goal
There are different ways to calculate those subsequences.
Demonstrate algorithm(s) that are natural for the language.
Other tasks related to string operations:
Metrics
Array length
String length
Copy a string
Empty string (assignment)
Counting
Word frequency
Letter frequency
Jewels and stones
I before E except after C
Bioinformatics/base count
Count occurrences of a substring
Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string
Remove/replace
XXXX redacted
Conjugate a Latin verb
Remove vowels from a string
String interpolation (included)
Strip block comments
Strip comments from a string
Strip a set of characters from a string
Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail
Strip control codes and extended characters from a string
Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling
Word wheel
ABC problem
Sattolo cycle
Knuth shuffle
Ordered words
Superpermutation minimisation
Textonyms (using a phone text pad)
Anagrams
Anagrams/Deranged anagrams
Permutations/Derangements
Find/Search/Determine
ABC words
Odd words
Word ladder
Semordnilap
Word search
Wordiff (game)
String matching
Tea cup rim text
Alternade words
Changeable words
State name puzzle
String comparison
Unique characters
Unique characters in each string
Extract file extension
Levenshtein distance
Palindrome detection
Common list elements
Longest common suffix
Longest common prefix
Compare a list of strings
Longest common substring
Find common directory path
Words from neighbour ones
Change e letters to i in words
Non-continuous subsequences
Longest common subsequence
Longest palindromic substrings
Longest increasing subsequence
Words containing "the" substring
Sum of the digits of n is substring of n
Determine if a string is numeric
Determine if a string is collapsible
Determine if a string is squeezable
Determine if a string has all unique characters
Determine if a string has all the same characters
Longest substrings without repeating characters
Find words which contains all the vowels
Find words which contains most consonants
Find words which contains more than 3 vowels
Find words which first and last three letters are equals
Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa
Formatting
Substring
Rep-string
Word wrap
String case
Align columns
Literals/String
Repeat a string
Brace expansion
Brace expansion using ranges
Reverse a string
Phrase reversals
Comma quibbling
Special characters
String concatenation
Substring/Top and tail
Commatizing numbers
Reverse words in a string
Suffixation of decimal numbers
Long literals, with continuations
Numerical and alphabetical suffixes
Abbreviations, easy
Abbreviations, simple
Abbreviations, automatic
Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases
Mad Libs
Magic 8-ball
99 Bottles of Beer
The Name Game (a song)
The Old lady swallowed a fly
The Twelve Days of Christmas
Tokenize
Text between
Tokenize a string
Word break problem
Tokenize a string with escaping
Split a character string based on change of character
Sequences
Show ASCII table
De Bruijn sequences
Self-referential sequences
Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
| #AutoHotkey | AutoHotkey | MsgBox % noncontinuous("a,b,c,d,e", ",")
MsgBox % noncontinuous("1,2,3,4", ",")
noncontinuous(list, delimiter)
{
stringsplit, seq, list, %delimiter%
n := seq0 ; sequence length
Loop % x := (1<<n) - 1 { ; try all 0-1 candidate sequences
If !RegExMatch(b:=ToBin(A_Index,n),"^0*1*0*$") { ; drop continuous subsequences
Loop Parse, b
t .= A_LoopField ? seq%A_Index% " " : "" ; position -> number
t .= "`n" ; new sequences in new lines
}
}
return t
}
ToBin(n,W=16) { ; LS W-bits of Binary representation of n
Return W=1 ? n&1 : ToBin(n>>1,W-1) . n&1
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Convert | Non-decimal radices/Convert | Number base conversion is when you express a stored integer in an integer base, such as in octal (base 8) or binary (base 2). It also is involved when you take a string representing a number in a given base and convert it to the stored integer form. Normally, a stored integer is in binary, but that's typically invisible to the user, who normally enters or sees stored integers as decimal.
Task
Write a function (or identify the built-in function) which is passed a non-negative integer to convert, and another integer representing the base.
It should return a string containing the digits of the resulting number, without leading zeros except for the number 0 itself.
For the digits beyond 9, one should use the lowercase English alphabet, where the digit a = 9+1, b = a+1, etc.
For example: the decimal number 26 expressed in base 16 would be 1a.
Write a second function which is passed a string and an integer base, and it returns an integer representing that string interpreted in that base.
The programs may be limited by the word size or other such constraint of a given language. There is no need to do error checking for negatives, bases less than 2, or inappropriate digits.
| #ACL2 | ACL2 | (defun digit-value (chr)
(cond ((and (char>= chr #\0)
(char<= chr #\9))
(- (char-code chr) (char-code #\0)))
((and (char>= chr #\A)
(char<= chr #\Z))
(+ (- (char-code chr) (char-code #\A)) 10))
((and (char>= chr #\a)
(char<= chr #\z))
(+ (- (char-code chr) (char-code #\a)) 10))))
(defun value-digit (n)
(if (< n 10)
(code-char (+ n (char-code #\0)))
(code-char (+ (- n 10) (char-code #\A)))))
(defun num-from-cs (cs base)
(if (endp cs)
0
(+ (digit-value (first cs))
(* base (num-from-cs (rest cs) base)))))
(defun parse-num (str base)
(num-from-cs (reverse (coerce str 'list)) base))
(include-book "arithmetic-3/top" :dir :system)
(defun num-to-cs (num base)
(if (or (zp num) (zp base) (= base 1))
nil
(cons (value-digit (mod num base))
(num-to-cs (floor num base) base))))
(defun show-num (num base)
(coerce (reverse (num-to-cs num base)) 'string)) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Input | Non-decimal radices/Input | It is common to have a string containing a number written in some format, with the most common ones being decimal, hexadecimal, octal and binary. Such strings are found in many places (user interfaces, configuration files, XML data, network protocols, etc.)
This task requires parsing of such a string (which may be assumed to contain nothing else) using the language's built-in facilities if possible. Parsing of decimal strings is required, parsing of other formats is optional but should be shown (i.e., if the language can parse in base-19 then that should be illustrated).
The solutions may assume that the base of the number in the string is known. In particular, if your language has a facility to guess the base of a number by looking at a prefix (e.g. "0x" for hexadecimal) or other distinguishing syntax as it parses it, please show that.
The reverse operation is in task Non-decimal radices/Output
For general number base conversion, see Non-decimal radices/Convert.
| #Factor | Factor | ( scratchpad ) "ff" hex> . ! base 16
255
( scratchpad ) "777" oct> . ! base 8
511
( scratchpad ) "1111" bin> . ! base 2
15
( scratchpad ) "99" string>number . ! base 10
99
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Input | Non-decimal radices/Input | It is common to have a string containing a number written in some format, with the most common ones being decimal, hexadecimal, octal and binary. Such strings are found in many places (user interfaces, configuration files, XML data, network protocols, etc.)
This task requires parsing of such a string (which may be assumed to contain nothing else) using the language's built-in facilities if possible. Parsing of decimal strings is required, parsing of other formats is optional but should be shown (i.e., if the language can parse in base-19 then that should be illustrated).
The solutions may assume that the base of the number in the string is known. In particular, if your language has a facility to guess the base of a number by looking at a prefix (e.g. "0x" for hexadecimal) or other distinguishing syntax as it parses it, please show that.
The reverse operation is in task Non-decimal radices/Output
For general number base conversion, see Non-decimal radices/Convert.
| #Forth | Forth | : parse# ( str len -- u true | false )
0. 2SWAP DUP >R >NUMBER NIP NIP
R> <> DUP 0= IF NIP THEN ;
: base# ( str len base -- u true | false )
BASE @ >R BASE ! parse# R> BASE ! ; |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Output | Non-decimal radices/Output | Programming languages often have built-in routines to convert a non-negative integer for printing in different number bases. Such common number bases might include binary, Octal and Hexadecimal.
Task
Print a small range of integers in some different bases, as supported by standard routines of your programming language.
Note
This is distinct from Number base conversion as a user-defined conversion function is not asked for.)
The reverse operation is Common number base parsing.
| #Common_Lisp | Common Lisp | (loop for n from 0 to 33 do
(format t " ~6B ~3O ~2D ~2X~%" n n n n)) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Output | Non-decimal radices/Output | Programming languages often have built-in routines to convert a non-negative integer for printing in different number bases. Such common number bases might include binary, Octal and Hexadecimal.
Task
Print a small range of integers in some different bases, as supported by standard routines of your programming language.
Note
This is distinct from Number base conversion as a user-defined conversion function is not asked for.)
The reverse operation is Common number base parsing.
| #D | D | import std.stdio;
void main() {
writeln("Base: 2 8 10 16");
writeln("----------------------------");
foreach (i; 0 .. 34)
writefln(" %6b %6o %6d %6x", i, i, i, i);
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Number_names | Number names | Task
Show how to spell out a number in English.
You can use a preexisting implementation or roll your own, but you should support inputs up to at least one million (or the maximum value of your language's default bounded integer type, if that's less).
Support for inputs other than positive integers (like zero, negative integers, and floating-point numbers) is optional.
Related task
Spelling of ordinal numbers.
| #Quackery | Quackery |
[ [ table
$ "zero" $ "one" $ "two"
$ "three" $ "four" $ "five"
$ "six" $ "seven" $ "eight"
$ "nine" $ "ten" $ "eleven"
$ "twelve" $ "thirteen"
$ "fourteen" $ "fifteen"
$ "sixteen" $ "seventeen"
$ "eighteen" $ "nineteen" ] do ] is units ( n --> $ )
[ [ table
$ "nonety" $ "tenty" $ "twenty"
$ "thirty" $ "fourty" $ "fifty"
$ "sixty" $ "seventy" $ "eighty"
$ "ninety" ] do ] is tens ( n --> $ )
[ $ "" swap
dup 99 > if
[ 100 /mod swap units
$ " hundred" join
swap dip join
dup 0 = iff drop ]done[ ]
over size 0 > if
[ dip [ $ " and " join ] ]
dup 19 > if
[ 10 /mod swap tens
swap dip join
dup 0 = iff drop ]done[ ]
over size 0 > if
[ over -1 peek space != if
[ dip [ space join ] ] ]
units join ] is triplet ( n --> $ )
[ $ "" swap
dup 999999 > if
[ 1000000 /mod swap triplet
$ " million" join
swap dip join
dup 0 = iff drop ]done[ ]
dup 999 > if
[ over size 0 > if
[ dip [ $ ", " join ] ]
1000 /mod swap triplet
$ " thousand" join
swap dip join
dup 0 = iff drop ]done[ ]
over size 0 > if
[ dip [ $ ", " join ] ]
triplet join ] is name$ ( n --> $ )
10 times
[ 10 9 random
1+ ** random
dup echo
say " is:"
name$ nest$
60 wrap$ cr cr ]
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Number_reversal_game | Number reversal game | Task
Given a jumbled list of the numbers 1 to 9 that are definitely not in
ascending order.
Show the list, and then ask the player how many digits from the
left to reverse.
Reverse those digits, then ask again, until all the digits end up in ascending order.
The score is the count of the reversals needed to attain the ascending order.
Note: Assume the player's input does not need extra validation.
Related tasks
Sorting algorithms/Pancake sort
Pancake sorting.
Topswops
| #Rascal | Rascal | import Prelude;
import vis::Figure;
import vis::Render;
public void NumberReversalGame(){
//generate randomlist
L = [1..9];
score = 0;
randomlist = [];
while (L != []){
temp = takeOneFrom(L);
randomlist += temp[0];
L = temp[1];
}
// user interaction
score = 0;
text1 = "";
figure =
box(vcat([
box(text(str(){
return "<randomlist>";})),
box(textfield("Insert number of digits you would like to reverse here.",
void(str s){
score += 1;
n = toInt(s);
spliced = slice(randomlist, 0, n);
randomlist = reverse(spliced) + (randomlist - spliced);
},
fillColor("lightblue"))),
box(text(str(){
return ((randomlist == [1 .. 9]) ? "Well done! Your score: <score>." : "Keep going!");}))
]));
render(figure);
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/One-dimensional_cellular_automata | One-dimensional cellular automata | Assume an array of cells with an initial distribution of live and dead cells,
and imaginary cells off the end of the array having fixed values.
Cells in the next generation of the array are calculated based on the value of the cell and its left and right nearest neighbours in the current generation.
If, in the following table, a live cell is represented by 1 and a dead cell by 0 then to generate the value of the cell at a particular index in the array of cellular values you use the following table:
000 -> 0 #
001 -> 0 #
010 -> 0 # Dies without enough neighbours
011 -> 1 # Needs one neighbour to survive
100 -> 0 #
101 -> 1 # Two neighbours giving birth
110 -> 1 # Needs one neighbour to survive
111 -> 0 # Starved to death.
| #zkl | zkl | fcn life1D(line){
right:=line[1,*] + False; // shift left, False fill
left :=T(False).extend(line[0,-1]); // shift right
left.zip(line,right).apply(fcn(hood){ hood.sum(0)==2 });
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Nim_game | Nim game | Nim game
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
Nim is a simple game where the second player ─── if they know the trick ─── will always win.
The game has only 3 rules:
start with 12 tokens
each player takes 1, 2, or 3 tokens in turn
the player who takes the last token wins.
To win every time, the second player simply takes 4 minus the number the first player took. So if the first player takes 1, the second takes 3 ─── if the first player takes 2, the second should take 2 ─── and if the first player takes 3, the second player will take 1.
Task
Design a simple Nim game where the human player goes first, and the computer always wins. The game should enforce the rules.
| #11l | 11l | V tokens = 12
F getTokens(curTokens) -> N
print(‘How many tokens would you like to take? ’, end' ‘’)
V take = Int(input())
I (take < 1 | take > 3)
print("Number must be between 1 and 3.\n")
getTokens(curTokens)
R
:tokens = curTokens - take
print(‘You take #. tokens.’.format(take))
print("#. tokens remaining.\n".format(:tokens))
F compTurn(curTokens)
V take = curTokens % 4
:tokens = curTokens - take
print(‘Computer takes #. tokens.’.format(take))
print("#. tokens remaining.\n".format(:tokens))
L tokens > 0
getTokens(tokens)
compTurn(tokens)
print(‘Computer wins!’) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Nonogram_solver | Nonogram solver | A nonogram is a puzzle that provides
numeric clues used to fill in a grid of cells,
establishing for each cell whether it is filled or not.
The puzzle solution is typically a picture of some kind.
Each row and column of a rectangular grid is annotated with the lengths
of its distinct runs of occupied cells.
Using only these lengths you should find one valid configuration
of empty and occupied cells, or show a failure message.
Example
Problem: Solution:
. . . . . . . . 3 . # # # . . . . 3
. . . . . . . . 2 1 # # . # . . . . 2 1
. . . . . . . . 3 2 . # # # . . # # 3 2
. . . . . . . . 2 2 . . # # . . # # 2 2
. . . . . . . . 6 . . # # # # # # 6
. . . . . . . . 1 5 # . # # # # # . 1 5
. . . . . . . . 6 # # # # # # . . 6
. . . . . . . . 1 . . . . # . . . 1
. . . . . . . . 2 . . . # # . . . 2
1 3 1 7 5 3 4 3 1 3 1 7 5 3 4 3
2 1 5 1 2 1 5 1
The problem above could be represented by two lists of lists:
x = [[3], [2,1], [3,2], [2,2], [6], [1,5], [6], [1], [2]]
y = [[1,2], [3,1], [1,5], [7,1], [5], [3], [4], [3]]
A more compact representation of the same problem uses strings,
where the letters represent the numbers, A=1, B=2, etc:
x = "C BA CB BB F AE F A B"
y = "AB CA AE GA E C D C"
Task
For this task, try to solve the 4 problems below, read from a “nonogram_problems.txt” file that has this content
(the blank lines are separators):
C BA CB BB F AE F A B
AB CA AE GA E C D C
F CAC ACAC CN AAA AABB EBB EAA ECCC HCCC
D D AE CD AE A DA BBB CC AAB BAA AAB DA AAB AAA BAB AAA CD BBA DA
CA BDA ACC BD CCAC CBBAC BBBBB BAABAA ABAD AABB BBH BBBD ABBAAA CCEA AACAAB BCACC ACBH DCH ADBE ADBB DBE ECE DAA DB CC
BC CAC CBAB BDD CDBDE BEBDF ADCDFA DCCFB DBCFC ABDBA BBF AAF BADB DBF AAAAD BDG CEF CBDB BBB FC
E BCB BEA BH BEK AABAF ABAC BAA BFB OD JH BADCF Q Q R AN AAN EI H G
E CB BAB AAA AAA AC BB ACC ACCA AGB AIA AJ AJ ACE AH BAF CAG DAG FAH FJ GJ ADK ABK BL CM
Extra credit: generate nonograms with unique solutions, of desired height and width.
This task is the problem n.98 of the "99 Prolog Problems" by Werner Hett (also thanks to Paul Singleton for the idea and the examples).
Related tasks
Nonoblock.
See also
Arc Consistency Algorithm
http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/99_questions/Solutions/98 (Haskell)
http://twanvl.nl/blog/haskell/Nonograms (Haskell)
http://picolisp.com/5000/!wiki?99p98 (PicoLisp)
| #C.2B.2B | C++ |
// A class to solve Nonogram (Hadje) Puzzles
// Nigel Galloway - January 23rd., 2017
template<uint _N, uint _G> class Nonogram {
enum class ng_val : char {X='#',B='.',V='?'};
template<uint _NG> struct N {
N() {}
N(std::vector<int> ni,const int l) : X{},B{},Tx{},Tb{},ng(ni),En{},gNG(l){}
std::bitset<_NG> X, B, T, Tx, Tb;
std::vector<int> ng;
int En, gNG;
void fn (const int n,const int i,const int g,const int e,const int l){
if (fe(g,l,false) and fe(g+l,e,true)){
if ((n+1) < ng.size()) {if (fe(g+e+l,1,false)) fn(n+1,i-e-1,g+e+l+1,ng[n+1],0);}
else {
if (fe(g+e+l,gNG-(g+e+l),false)){Tb &= T.flip(); Tx &= T.flip(); ++En;}
}}
if (l<=gNG-g-i-1) fn(n,i,g,e,l+1);
}
void fi (const int n,const bool g) {X.set(n,g); B.set(n, not g);}
ng_val fg (const int n) const{return (X.test(n))? ng_val::X : (B.test(n))? ng_val::B : ng_val::V;}
inline bool fe (const int n,const int i, const bool g){
for (int e = n;e<n+i;++e) if ((g and fg(e)==ng_val::B) or (!g and fg(e)==ng_val::X)) return false; else T[e] = g;
return true;
}
int fl (){
if (En == 1) return 1;
Tx.set(); Tb.set(); En=0;
fn(0,std::accumulate(ng.cbegin(),ng.cend(),0)+ng.size()-1,0,ng[0],0);
return En;
}}; // end of N
std::vector<N<_G>> ng;
std::vector<N<_N>> gn;
int En, zN, zG;
void setCell(uint n, uint i, bool g){ng[n].fi(i,g); gn[i].fi(n,g);}
public:
Nonogram(const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& n,const std::vector<std::vector<int>>& i,const std::vector<std::string>& g = {}) : ng{}, gn{}, En{}, zN(n.size()), zG(i.size()) {
for (int n=0; n<zG; n++) gn.push_back(N<_N>(i[n],zN));
for (int i=0; i<zN; i++) {
ng.push_back(N<_G>(n[i],zG));
if (i < g.size()) for(int e=0; e<zG or e<g[i].size(); e++) if (g[i][e]=='#') setCell(i,e,true);
}}
bool solve(){
int i{}, g{};
for (int l = 0; l<zN; l++) {
if ((g = ng[l].fl()) == 0) return false; else i+=g;
for (int i = 0; i<zG; i++) if (ng[l].Tx[i] != ng[l].Tb[i]) setCell (l,i,ng[l].Tx[i]);
}
for (int l = 0; l<zG; l++) {
if ((g = gn[l].fl()) == 0) return false; else i+=g;
for (int i = 0; i<zN; i++) if (gn[l].Tx[i] != gn[l].Tb[i]) setCell (i,l,gn[l].Tx[i]);
}
if (i == En) return false; else En = i;
if (i == zN+zG) return true; else return solve();
}
const std::string toStr() const {
std::ostringstream n;
for (int i = 0; i<zN; i++){for (int g = 0; g<zG; g++){n << static_cast<char>(ng[i].fg(g));}n<<std::endl;}
return n.str();
}};
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Nonoblock | Nonoblock | Nonoblock is a chip off the old Nonogram puzzle.
Given
The number of cells in a row.
The size of each, (space separated), connected block of cells to fit in the row, in left-to right order.
Task
show all possible positions.
show the number of positions of the blocks for the following cases within the row.
show all output on this page.
use a "neat" diagram of the block positions.
Enumerate the following configurations
5 cells and [2, 1] blocks
5 cells and [] blocks (no blocks)
10 cells and [8] blocks
15 cells and [2, 3, 2, 3] blocks
5 cells and [2, 3] blocks (should give some indication of this not being possible)
Example
Given a row of five cells and a block of two cells followed by a block of one cell - in that order, the example could be shown as:
|_|_|_|_|_| # 5 cells and [2, 1] blocks
And would expand to the following 3 possible rows of block positions:
|A|A|_|B|_|
|A|A|_|_|B|
|_|A|A|_|B|
Note how the sets of blocks are always separated by a space.
Note also that it is not necessary for each block to have a separate letter.
Output approximating
This:
|#|#|_|#|_|
|#|#|_|_|#|
|_|#|#|_|#|
This would also work:
##.#.
##..#
.##.#
An algorithm
Find the minimum space to the right that is needed to legally hold all but the leftmost block of cells (with a space between blocks remember).
The leftmost cell can legitimately be placed in all positions from the LHS up to a RH position that allows enough room for the rest of the blocks.
for each position of the LH block recursively compute the position of the rest of the blocks in the remaining space to the right of the current placement of the LH block.
(This is the algorithm used in the Nonoblock#Python solution).
Reference
The blog post Nonogram puzzle solver (part 1) Inspired this task and donated its Nonoblock#Python solution.
| #M2000_Interpreter | M2000 Interpreter |
Module NonoBlock {
Form 80,40
Flush
Print "Nonoblock"
Data 5, (2, 1)
Data 5, (,)
Data 10, (8,)
Data 15, (2,3,2,3)
Data 5, (2,3)
Def BLen(a$)=(Len(a$)-1)/2
Function UseLetter(arr) {
Dim Base 0, Res$(Len(arr))
Link Res$() to Res()
Def Ord$(a$)=ChrCode$(Chrcode(a$)+1)
L$="A"
i=each(arr)
While i {
Res$(i^)=String$("|"+L$, Array(i))+"|"
L$=Ord$(L$)
}
=Res()
}
Count=0
For i=1 to 5
Read Cells, Blocks
Blocks=UseLetter(Blocks)
Print str$(i,"")+".", "Cells=";Cells, "", iF(len(Blocks)=0->("Empty",), Blocks)
PrintRow( "|", Cells, Blocks, &Count)
CheckCount()
Next I
Sub CheckCount()
If count=0 Then Print " Impossible"
count=0
End Sub
Sub PrintRow(Lpart$, Cells, Blocks, &Comp)
If len(Blocks)=0 Then Comp++ :Print Format$("{0::-3} {1}", Comp, lpart$+String$("_|", Cells)): Exit Sub
If Cells<=0 Then Exit Sub
Local TotalBlocksLength=0, Sep_Spaces=-1
Local Block=Each(Blocks), block$
While Block {
Block$=Array$(Block)
TotalBlocksLength+=Blen(Block$)
Sep_Spaces++
}
Local MaxLengthNeed=TotalBlocksLength+Sep_Spaces
If MaxLengthNeed>Cells Then Exit Sub
block$=Array$(Car(Blocks))
local temp=Blen(block$)
block$=Mid$(Block$, 2)
If Len(Blocks)>1 Then block$+="_|" :temp++
PrintRow(Lpart$+block$, Cells-temp, Cdr(Blocks), &Comp)
PrintRow(lpart$+String$("_|", 1), Cells-1,Blocks, &Comp)
End Sub
}
NonoBlock
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-transitive_dice | Non-transitive dice | Let our dice select numbers on their faces with equal probability, i.e. fair dice.
Dice may have more or less than six faces. (The possibility of there being a
3D physical shape that has that many "faces" that allow them to be fair dice,
is ignored for this task - a die with 3 or 33 defined sides is defined by the
number of faces and the numbers on each face).
Throwing dice will randomly select a face on each die with equal probability.
To show which die of dice thrown multiple times is more likely to win over the
others:
calculate all possible combinations of different faces from each die
Count how many times each die wins a combination
Each combination is equally likely so the die with more winning face combinations is statistically more likely to win against the other dice.
If two dice X and Y are thrown against each other then X likely to: win, lose, or break-even against Y can be shown as: X > Y, X < Y, or X = Y respectively.
Example 1
If X is the three sided die with 1, 3, 6 on its faces and Y has 2, 3, 4 on its
faces then the equal possibility outcomes from throwing both, and the winners
is:
X Y Winner
= = ======
1 2 Y
1 3 Y
1 4 Y
3 2 X
3 3 -
3 4 Y
6 2 X
6 3 X
6 4 X
TOTAL WINS: X=4, Y=4
Both die will have the same statistical probability of winning, i.e.their comparison can be written as X = Y
Transitivity
In mathematics transitivity are rules like:
if a op b and b op c then a op c
If, for example, the op, (for operator), is the familiar less than, <, and it's applied to integers
we get the familiar if a < b and b < c then a < c
Non-transitive dice
These are an ordered list of dice where the '>' operation between successive
dice pairs applies but a comparison between the first and last of the list
yields the opposite result, '<'.
(Similarly '<' successive list comparisons with a final '>' between first and last is also non-transitive).
Three dice S, T, U with appropriate face values could satisfy
S < T, T < U and yet S > U
To be non-transitive.
Notes
The order of numbers on the faces of a die is not relevant. For example, three faced die described with face numbers of 1, 2, 3 or 2, 1, 3 or any other permutation are equivalent. For the purposes of the task show only the permutation in lowest-first sorted order i.e. 1, 2, 3 (and remove any of its perms).
A die can have more than one instance of the same number on its faces, e.g. 2, 3, 3, 4
Rotations: Any rotation of non-transitive dice from an answer is also an answer. You may optionally compute and show only one of each such rotation sets, ideally the first when sorted in a natural way. If this option is used then prominently state in the output that rotations of results are also solutions.
Task
====
Find all the ordered lists of three non-transitive dice S, T, U of the form
S < T, T < U and yet S > U; where the dice are selected from all four-faced die
, (unique w.r.t the notes), possible by having selections from the integers
one to four on any dies face.
Solution can be found by generating all possble individual die then testing all
possible permutations, (permutations are ordered), of three dice for
non-transitivity.
Optional stretch goal
Find lists of four non-transitive dice selected from the same possible dice from the non-stretch goal.
Show the results here, on this page.
References
The Most Powerful Dice - Numberphile Video.
Nontransitive dice - Wikipedia.
| #Phix | Phix | with javascript_semantics
requires("0.8.2") -- (added sq_cmp() builtin that returns nested -1/0/+1 compare() results, just like the existing sq_eq() does for equal().)
integer mx = 4, -- max number of a die side (later set to 6)
mn = 1 -- min number of a die side (later set to 0)
function possible_dice(integer sides)
--
-- construct all non-descending permutes of mn..mx,
-- ie/eg {1,1,1,1}..{4,4,4,4} with (say), amongst
-- others, {1,1,2,4} but not {1,1,4,2}.
--
sequence die = repeat(mn,sides), -- (main work area)
res = {deep_copy(die)}
while true do
-- find rightmost incrementable side
-- ie/eg {1,2,4,4} -> set rdx to 2 (if 1-based indexing)
integer rdx = rfind(true,sq_lt(die,mx))
if rdx=0 then exit end if
-- set that and all later to that incremented
-- ie/eg {1,2,4,4} -> {1,3,3,3}
die[rdx..$] = die[rdx]+1
res = append(res,deep_copy(die))
end while
printf(1,"There are %d possible %d..%d %d-sided dice\n",{length(res),mn,mx,sides})
return res
end function
function Dnn(sequence die)
-- reconstruct the python die numbering (string)
-- essentially just treat it as a base-N number.
integer l = length(die), -- (sides)
N = mx-mn+1, -- (base)
n = 0 -- (result)
for k=1 to l do
n += (die[k]-mn)*power(N,l-k)
end for
return sprintf("D%d",n+1)
end function
function cmpd(sequence die1, die2)
-- compares two die returning -1, 0, or +1 for <, =, >
integer res = 0
for i=1 to length(die1) do
res += sum(sq_cmp(die1[i],die2))
end for
return sign(res)
end function
function low_rotation(sequence set)
integer k = find(min(set),set)
return set[k..$]&set[1..k-1]
end function
integer rotations
function find_non_trans(sequence dice, integer n=3)
atom t1 = time()+1
integer l = length(dice), sk, sk1, c
sequence set = repeat(1,n), -- (indexes to dice)
cache = repeat(repeat(-2,l),l),
res = {}
while true do
bool valid = true
for k=1 to n-1 do
sk = set[k]
sk1 = set[k+1]
c = cache[sk][sk1]
if c=-2 then
c = cmpd(dice[sk],dice[sk1])
cache[sk][sk1] = c
end if
if c!=-1 then
valid = false
-- force k+1 to be incremented next:
set[k+2..$] = l
exit
end if
end for
if valid then
sk = set[1]
sk1 = set[$]
c = cache[sk][sk1]
if c=-2 then
c = cmpd(dice[sk],dice[sk1])
cache[sk][sk1] = c
end if
if c=+1 then
res = append(res,low_rotation(set))
end if
end if
-- find rightmost incrementable die index
-- ie/eg if l is 35 and set is {1,2,35,35}
-- -> set rdx to 2 (if 1-based indexing)
integer rdx = rfind(true,sq_lt(set,l))
if rdx=0 then exit end if
-- increment that and reset all later
-- ie/eg {1,2,35,35} -> {1,3,1,1}
set[rdx] += 1
set[rdx+1..$] = 1
if time()>t1 and platform()!=JS then
progress("working... (%d/%d)\r",{set[1],l})
t1 = time()+1
end if
end while
if platform()!=JS then
progress("")
end if
rotations = length(res)
res = unique(res)
rotations -= length(res)
return res
end function
function verbose_cmp(sequence die1, die2)
-- compares two die returning their relationship of their names as a string
integer c = cmpd(die1,die2)
string op = {"<","=",">"}[c+2],
n1 = Dnn(die1),
n2 = Dnn(die2)
return sprintf("%s %s %s",{n1,op,n2})
end function
function verbose_dice_cmp(sequence dice, set)
sequence c = {}, d1, d2
for j=1 to length(set)-1 do
d1 = dice[set[j]]
d2 = dice[set[j+1]]
c = append(c,verbose_cmp(d1,d2))
end for
d1 = dice[set[1]]
d2 = dice[set[$]]
c = append(c,verbose_cmp(d1,d2))
return join(c,", ")
end function
procedure show_dice(sequence dice, non_trans, integer N)
integer l = length(non_trans),
omissions = 0,
last = 0
if N then
printf(1,"\n Non_transitive length-%d combinations found: %d\n",{N,l+rotations})
end if
for i=1 to l do
object ni = non_trans[i]
if sequence(ni) then
if i<5 then
printf(1,"\n")
for j=1 to length(ni) do
sequence d = dice[ni[j]]
printf(1," %s:%v\n",{Dnn(d),d})
end for
last = i
else
omissions += 1
end if
end if
end for
if omissions then
printf(1," (%d omitted)\n",omissions)
end if
if rotations then
printf(1," (%d rotations omitted)\n",rotations)
end if
if last then
printf(1,"\n")
if mx<=6 and mn=1 then
printf(1," More verbose comparison of last result:\n")
end if
printf(1," %s\n",{verbose_dice_cmp(dice,non_trans[last])})
printf(1,"\n ====\n")
end if
printf(1,"\n")
end procedure
atom t0 = time()
sequence dice = possible_dice(4)
for N=3 to 4 do
show_dice(dice,find_non_trans(dice,N),N)
end for
-- From the numberphile video (Efron's dice):
mx = 6
mn = 0
dice = possible_dice(6)
--show_dice(dice,find_non_trans(dice,4),4)
-- ok, dunno about you but I'm not waiting for power(924,4) permutes...
-- limit to the ones discussed, plus another 4 random ones
-- (hopefully it'll just pick out the right ones...)
printf(1,"\nEfron's dice\n")
dice = {{0,0,4,4,4,4},
{1,1,1,1,1,1}, -- (rand)
{1,1,1,5,5,5},
{1,2,3,4,5,6}, -- (rand)
{2,2,2,2,6,6},
{5,5,5,6,6,6}, -- (rand)
{3,3,3,3,3,3},
{6,6,6,6,6,6}} -- (rand)
show_dice(dice,find_non_trans(dice,4),0)
-- and from wp:
mx = 9
mn = 1
dice = possible_dice(6)
printf(1,"\nFrom wp\n")
dice = {{1,1,6,6,8,8},
{2,2,4,4,9,9},
{3,3,5,5,7,7}}
show_dice(dice,find_non_trans(dice,3),0)
-- Miwin's dice
printf(1,"Miwin's dice\n")
dice = {{1,2,5,6,7,9},
{1,3,4,5,8,9},
{2,3,4,6,7,8}}
show_dice(dice,find_non_trans(dice,3),0)
printf(1,"%s\n\n",elapsed(time()-t0))
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-continuous_subsequences | Non-continuous subsequences | Consider some sequence of elements. (It differs from a mere set of elements by having an ordering among members.)
A subsequence contains some subset of the elements of this sequence, in the same order.
A continuous subsequence is one in which no elements are missing between the first and last elements of the subsequence.
Note: Subsequences are defined structurally, not by their contents.
So a sequence a,b,c,d will always have the same subsequences and continuous subsequences, no matter which values are substituted; it may even be the same value.
Task: Find all non-continuous subsequences for a given sequence.
Example
For the sequence 1,2,3,4, there are five non-continuous subsequences, namely:
1,3
1,4
2,4
1,3,4
1,2,4
Goal
There are different ways to calculate those subsequences.
Demonstrate algorithm(s) that are natural for the language.
Other tasks related to string operations:
Metrics
Array length
String length
Copy a string
Empty string (assignment)
Counting
Word frequency
Letter frequency
Jewels and stones
I before E except after C
Bioinformatics/base count
Count occurrences of a substring
Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string
Remove/replace
XXXX redacted
Conjugate a Latin verb
Remove vowels from a string
String interpolation (included)
Strip block comments
Strip comments from a string
Strip a set of characters from a string
Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail
Strip control codes and extended characters from a string
Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling
Word wheel
ABC problem
Sattolo cycle
Knuth shuffle
Ordered words
Superpermutation minimisation
Textonyms (using a phone text pad)
Anagrams
Anagrams/Deranged anagrams
Permutations/Derangements
Find/Search/Determine
ABC words
Odd words
Word ladder
Semordnilap
Word search
Wordiff (game)
String matching
Tea cup rim text
Alternade words
Changeable words
State name puzzle
String comparison
Unique characters
Unique characters in each string
Extract file extension
Levenshtein distance
Palindrome detection
Common list elements
Longest common suffix
Longest common prefix
Compare a list of strings
Longest common substring
Find common directory path
Words from neighbour ones
Change e letters to i in words
Non-continuous subsequences
Longest common subsequence
Longest palindromic substrings
Longest increasing subsequence
Words containing "the" substring
Sum of the digits of n is substring of n
Determine if a string is numeric
Determine if a string is collapsible
Determine if a string is squeezable
Determine if a string has all unique characters
Determine if a string has all the same characters
Longest substrings without repeating characters
Find words which contains all the vowels
Find words which contains most consonants
Find words which contains more than 3 vowels
Find words which first and last three letters are equals
Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa
Formatting
Substring
Rep-string
Word wrap
String case
Align columns
Literals/String
Repeat a string
Brace expansion
Brace expansion using ranges
Reverse a string
Phrase reversals
Comma quibbling
Special characters
String concatenation
Substring/Top and tail
Commatizing numbers
Reverse words in a string
Suffixation of decimal numbers
Long literals, with continuations
Numerical and alphabetical suffixes
Abbreviations, easy
Abbreviations, simple
Abbreviations, automatic
Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases
Mad Libs
Magic 8-ball
99 Bottles of Beer
The Name Game (a song)
The Old lady swallowed a fly
The Twelve Days of Christmas
Tokenize
Text between
Tokenize a string
Word break problem
Tokenize a string with escaping
Split a character string based on change of character
Sequences
Show ASCII table
De Bruijn sequences
Self-referential sequences
Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
| #BBC_BASIC | BBC BASIC | DIM list1$(3)
list1$() = "1", "2", "3", "4"
PRINT "For [1, 2, 3, 4] non-continuous subsequences are:"
PROCnon_continuous_subsequences(list1$())
DIM list2$(4)
list2$() = "1", "2", "3", "4", "5"
PRINT "For [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] non-continuous subsequences are:"
PROCnon_continuous_subsequences(list2$())
END
DEF PROCnon_continuous_subsequences(l$())
LOCAL i%, j%, g%, n%, r%, s%, w%, a$, b$
n% = DIM(l$(),1)
FOR s% = 0 TO n%-2
FOR g% = s%+1 TO n%-1
a$ = "["
FOR i% = s% TO g%-1
a$ += l$(i%) + ", "
NEXT
FOR w% = 1 TO n%-g%
r% = n%+1-g%-w%
FOR i% = 1 TO 2^r%-1 STEP 2
b$ = a$
FOR j% = 0 TO r%-1
IF i% AND 2^j% b$ += l$(g%+w%+j%) + ", "
NEXT
PRINT LEFT$(LEFT$(b$)) + "]"
NEXT i%
NEXT w%
NEXT g%
NEXT s%
ENDPROC |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Convert | Non-decimal radices/Convert | Number base conversion is when you express a stored integer in an integer base, such as in octal (base 8) or binary (base 2). It also is involved when you take a string representing a number in a given base and convert it to the stored integer form. Normally, a stored integer is in binary, but that's typically invisible to the user, who normally enters or sees stored integers as decimal.
Task
Write a function (or identify the built-in function) which is passed a non-negative integer to convert, and another integer representing the base.
It should return a string containing the digits of the resulting number, without leading zeros except for the number 0 itself.
For the digits beyond 9, one should use the lowercase English alphabet, where the digit a = 9+1, b = a+1, etc.
For example: the decimal number 26 expressed in base 16 would be 1a.
Write a second function which is passed a string and an integer base, and it returns an integer representing that string interpreted in that base.
The programs may be limited by the word size or other such constraint of a given language. There is no need to do error checking for negatives, bases less than 2, or inappropriate digits.
| #Action.21 | Action! | CHAR ARRAY digits="0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
PROC CheckBase(BYTE b)
IF b<2 OR b>digits(0) THEN
PrintE("Base is out of range!")
Break()
FI
RETURN
PROC Encode(CARD v BYTE b CHAR ARRAY s)
CARD d
BYTE i,len
CHAR tmp
CheckBase(b)
len=0
DO
d=v MOD b
len==+1
s(len)=digits(d+1)
v==/b
UNTIL v=0
OD
s(0)=len
FOR i=1 to len/2
DO
tmp=s(i)
s(i)=s(len-i+1)
s(len-i+1)=tmp
OD
RETURN
CARD FUNC Decode(CHAR ARRAY s BYTE b)
CARD res
BYTE i,j,found
CheckBase(b)
res=0
FOR i=1 TO s(0)
DO
found=0
FOR j=1 TO digits(0)
DO
IF digits(j)=s(i) THEN
found=1 EXIT
FI
OD
IF found=0 THEN
PrintE("Unrecognized character!")
Break()
FI
res==*b
res==+j-1
OD
RETURN (res)
PROC Main()
CARD v=[6502],v2
BYTE b
CHAR ARRAY s(256)
FOR b=2 TO 23
DO
Encode(v,b,s)
v2=Decode(s,b)
PrintF("%U -> base %B %S -> %U%E",v,b,s,v2)
OD
RETURN |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Input | Non-decimal radices/Input | It is common to have a string containing a number written in some format, with the most common ones being decimal, hexadecimal, octal and binary. Such strings are found in many places (user interfaces, configuration files, XML data, network protocols, etc.)
This task requires parsing of such a string (which may be assumed to contain nothing else) using the language's built-in facilities if possible. Parsing of decimal strings is required, parsing of other formats is optional but should be shown (i.e., if the language can parse in base-19 then that should be illustrated).
The solutions may assume that the base of the number in the string is known. In particular, if your language has a facility to guess the base of a number by looking at a prefix (e.g. "0x" for hexadecimal) or other distinguishing syntax as it parses it, please show that.
The reverse operation is in task Non-decimal radices/Output
For general number base conversion, see Non-decimal radices/Convert.
| #Fortran | Fortran | program Example
implicit none
integer :: num
character(32) :: str
str = "0123459"
read(str, "(i10)") num ! Decimal
write(*,*) num ! Prints 123459
str = "abcf123"
read(str, "(z8)") num ! Hexadecimal
write(*,*) num ! Prints 180154659
str = "7651"
read(str, "(o11)") num ! Octal
write(*,*) num ! Prints 4009
str = "1010011010"
read(str, "(b32)") num ! Binary
write(*,*) num ! Prints 666
end program |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Input | Non-decimal radices/Input | It is common to have a string containing a number written in some format, with the most common ones being decimal, hexadecimal, octal and binary. Such strings are found in many places (user interfaces, configuration files, XML data, network protocols, etc.)
This task requires parsing of such a string (which may be assumed to contain nothing else) using the language's built-in facilities if possible. Parsing of decimal strings is required, parsing of other formats is optional but should be shown (i.e., if the language can parse in base-19 then that should be illustrated).
The solutions may assume that the base of the number in the string is known. In particular, if your language has a facility to guess the base of a number by looking at a prefix (e.g. "0x" for hexadecimal) or other distinguishing syntax as it parses it, please show that.
The reverse operation is in task Non-decimal radices/Output
For general number base conversion, see Non-decimal radices/Convert.
| #FreeBASIC | FreeBASIC | ' FB 1.05.0 Win64
Dim s(1 To 4) As String = {"&H1a", "26", "&O32", "&B11010"} '' 26 in various bases
For i As Integer = 1 To 4
Print s(i); Tab(9); "="; CInt(s(i))
Next
Sleep |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Output | Non-decimal radices/Output | Programming languages often have built-in routines to convert a non-negative integer for printing in different number bases. Such common number bases might include binary, Octal and Hexadecimal.
Task
Print a small range of integers in some different bases, as supported by standard routines of your programming language.
Note
This is distinct from Number base conversion as a user-defined conversion function is not asked for.)
The reverse operation is Common number base parsing.
| #Dc | Dc | [ dn [ ]P ]sp
[
2o lpx
8o lpx
10o lpx
16o lpx
17o lpx
AP
1+ d21>b
]sb
1 lbx |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Output | Non-decimal radices/Output | Programming languages often have built-in routines to convert a non-negative integer for printing in different number bases. Such common number bases might include binary, Octal and Hexadecimal.
Task
Print a small range of integers in some different bases, as supported by standard routines of your programming language.
Note
This is distinct from Number base conversion as a user-defined conversion function is not asked for.)
The reverse operation is Common number base parsing.
| #E | E | for value in 0..33 {
for base in [2, 8, 10, 12, 16, 36] {
def s := value.toString(base)
print(" " * (8 - s.size()), s)
}
println()
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Number_names | Number names | Task
Show how to spell out a number in English.
You can use a preexisting implementation or roll your own, but you should support inputs up to at least one million (or the maximum value of your language's default bounded integer type, if that's less).
Support for inputs other than positive integers (like zero, negative integers, and floating-point numbers) is optional.
Related task
Spelling of ordinal numbers.
| #R | R | # Number Names
ones <- c("", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine",
"ten", "eleven", "twelve", "thirteen", "fourteen", "fifteen", "sixteen", "seventeen", "eighteen", "nineteen")
tens <- c("ten", "twenty", "thirty", "forty", "fifty", "sixty", "seventy", "eighty", "ninety")
mags <- c("", "thousand", "million", "billion", "trillion", "quadrillion", "quintillion")
return_hund <- function(input_number){
if (input_number == 0) return("")
num_text <- as.character()
input_hund <- trunc(input_number / 100)
input_ten <- trunc((input_number - input_hund * 100) / 10)
input_one <- input_number %% 10
if (input_number > 99) num_text <- paste0(ones[trunc(input_number / 100) + 1], "-hundred")
if (input_ten < 2){
if (input_ten == 0 & input_one == 0) return(num_text)
if (input_hund > 0) return(paste0(num_text, " ", ones[input_ten * 10 + input_one + 1]))
return(paste0(ones[input_ten * 10 + input_one + 1]))
}
ifelse(input_hund > 0,
num_text <- paste0(num_text, " ", tens[input_ten]),
num_text <- paste0(tens[input_ten])
)
if (input_one != 0) num_text <- paste0(num_text, "-", ones[input_one + 1])
return(num_text)
}
make_number <- function(number){
if (number == 0) return("zero")
a <- abs(number)
num_text <- as.character()
g <- trunc(log(a, 10)) + 1
for (i in c(seq(g, 1))){
b <- floor(a / 1000 ^ (i - 1))
x <- return_hund(b)
if (x != "") num_text <- paste0(num_text, return_hund(b), " ", mags[i], " ")
a <- a - b * 1000 ^ (i - 1)
}
return(ifelse(sign(number) > 0, num_text, paste("negative", num_text)))
}
my_num <- data.frame(nums = c(
0, 1, -11, 13, 99, 100, -101, 113, -120, 450, -999, 1000, 1001, 1017, 3000, 3001,
9999, 10000, 10001, 10100, 10101, 19000, 20001, 25467, 99999, 100000, 1056012,
-200000, 200001, -200012, 2012567, -5685436, 5000201, -11627389, 100067652, 456000342)
)
my_num$text <- as.character(lapply(my_num$nums, make_number))
print(my_num, right=F)
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Number_reversal_game | Number reversal game | Task
Given a jumbled list of the numbers 1 to 9 that are definitely not in
ascending order.
Show the list, and then ask the player how many digits from the
left to reverse.
Reverse those digits, then ask again, until all the digits end up in ascending order.
The score is the count of the reversals needed to attain the ascending order.
Note: Assume the player's input does not need extra validation.
Related tasks
Sorting algorithms/Pancake sort
Pancake sorting.
Topswops
| #REBOL | REBOL | rebol []
print "NUMBER REVERSAL GAME"
tries: 0
goal: [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9]
random/seed now
until [
jumble: random goal
jumble != goal ; repeat in the unlikely case that jumble isn't jumbled
]
while [jumble != goal] [
prin jumble
prin " How many to flip? "
flip-index: to-integer input ; no validation!
reverse/part jumble flip-index
tries: tries + 1
]
print rejoin ["You took " tries " attempts."] |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Nim_game | Nim game | Nim game
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
Nim is a simple game where the second player ─── if they know the trick ─── will always win.
The game has only 3 rules:
start with 12 tokens
each player takes 1, 2, or 3 tokens in turn
the player who takes the last token wins.
To win every time, the second player simply takes 4 minus the number the first player took. So if the first player takes 1, the second takes 3 ─── if the first player takes 2, the second should take 2 ─── and if the first player takes 3, the second player will take 1.
Task
Design a simple Nim game where the human player goes first, and the computer always wins. The game should enforce the rules.
| #8080_Assembly | 8080 Assembly | bdos: equ 5 ; CP/M syscalls
puts: equ 9
putch: equ 2
getch: equ 1
maxtokens: equ 12 ; you can change this for more tokens
org 100h
lxi d,nim
call outs
mvi b,maxtokens ; 12 tokens
gameloop: lxi d,tokens ; Show tokens
call outs
mov c,b
showtokens: dcr c
jm tokensdone
mvi a,'|'
call outa
jmp showtokens
tokensdone: lxi d,nl
call outs
lxi d,prompt ; Show prompt
call outs
readinput: call ina ; Read input
sui '1' ; Subtract '1' (lowest acceptable
jc wrong ; input)
cpi 3 ; range of values is [0..2]
jnc wrong
cmp b ; can't take more than there are either
jnc wrong
cma ; negate; -a = ~(a-1)
mov c,a ; keep value
add b ; subtract from tokens
mov b,a
mvi a,4 ; computer take 4-X tokens
add c
mov c,a
lxi d,response ; print how many I take
call outs
mvi a,'0'
add c
call outa
mov a,b ; subtract the ones I take
sub c
jz done ; if I took the last one, I won
mov b,a
lxi d,nl
call outs
call outs
jmp gameloop
done: lxi d,lose ; there's no win condition
jmp outs
;; Invalid input
wrong: lxi d,wronginp
call outs
jmp readinput
;; Read character into A and keep registers
ina: push b
push d
push h
mvi c,getch
call bdos
jmp restore
;; Print A and keep registers
outa: push b
push d
push h
mvi c,putch
mov e,a
call bdos
jmp restore
;; Print string and keep registers
outs: push b
push d
push h
mvi c,puts
call bdos
;; Restore registers
restore: pop h
pop d
pop b
ret
nim: db 'Nim',13,10,13,10,'$'
prompt: db 'How many will you take (1-3)? $'
response: db 13,10,'I take $'
tokens: db 'Tokens: $'
lose: db 13,10,'You lose!$'
nl: db 13,10,'$'
wronginp: db 8,7,32,8,'$' ; beep and erase choice |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Nim_game | Nim game | Nim game
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
Nim is a simple game where the second player ─── if they know the trick ─── will always win.
The game has only 3 rules:
start with 12 tokens
each player takes 1, 2, or 3 tokens in turn
the player who takes the last token wins.
To win every time, the second player simply takes 4 minus the number the first player took. So if the first player takes 1, the second takes 3 ─── if the first player takes 2, the second should take 2 ─── and if the first player takes 3, the second player will take 1.
Task
Design a simple Nim game where the human player goes first, and the computer always wins. The game should enforce the rules.
| #8086_Assembly | 8086 Assembly | ;; MS-DOS Nim; assembles with nasm.
bits 16
cpu 8086
getch: equ 1
putch: equ 2
puts: equ 9 ; INT 21h calls
maxtokens: equ 12 ; Amount of tokens there are
section .text
org 100h
mov dx,nim ; Print sign-on
call outs
mov ch,maxtokens ; CH = amount of tokens we have
loop: mov dx,tokens ; Tokens: |||...
call outs
mov ah,putch ; Print a | for each token
mov dl,'|'
mov dh,ch
puttoks: int 21h
dec dh
jnz puttoks
mov dx,prompt ; Ask the user how many to take
call outs
ask: mov ah,getch ; Read keypress
int 21h
sub al,'1' ; Make number (minus one)
jc bad ; Carry, it was <1 (bad)
inc al ; Add 1 (because we subtracted '1')
cmp al,3
ja bad ; If it was >3, it is bad
cmp al,ch
ja bad ; If it was > amount left, it is bad
sub ch,al ; Remove your tokens from pile
mov cl,4 ; I take 4-N, which is 3-N-1
sub cl,al
sub ch,cl ; Remove my tokens from pile
mov dx,response ; Tell the user how many I took.
call outs
mov dl,'0'
add dl,cl
mov ah,putch
int 21h
cmp ch,0 ; Are there any tokens left?
jne loop ; If not, prompt again
mov dx,lose ; But otherwise, you've lost
; Fall through into print string routine and then stop.
;; Print string in DX. (This saves a byte each CALL)
outs: mov ah,puts
int 21h
ret
;; Input is bad; beep, erase, ask again
bad: mov dx,wronginp
call outs
jmp ask
section .data
nim: db 'Nim$'
prompt: db 13,10,'How many will you take (1-3)? $'
response: db 13,10,'I take $'
tokens: db 13,10,13,10,'Tokens: $'
lose: db 13,10,'You lose!$'
wronginp: db 8,7,32,8,'$' |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Nonogram_solver | Nonogram solver | A nonogram is a puzzle that provides
numeric clues used to fill in a grid of cells,
establishing for each cell whether it is filled or not.
The puzzle solution is typically a picture of some kind.
Each row and column of a rectangular grid is annotated with the lengths
of its distinct runs of occupied cells.
Using only these lengths you should find one valid configuration
of empty and occupied cells, or show a failure message.
Example
Problem: Solution:
. . . . . . . . 3 . # # # . . . . 3
. . . . . . . . 2 1 # # . # . . . . 2 1
. . . . . . . . 3 2 . # # # . . # # 3 2
. . . . . . . . 2 2 . . # # . . # # 2 2
. . . . . . . . 6 . . # # # # # # 6
. . . . . . . . 1 5 # . # # # # # . 1 5
. . . . . . . . 6 # # # # # # . . 6
. . . . . . . . 1 . . . . # . . . 1
. . . . . . . . 2 . . . # # . . . 2
1 3 1 7 5 3 4 3 1 3 1 7 5 3 4 3
2 1 5 1 2 1 5 1
The problem above could be represented by two lists of lists:
x = [[3], [2,1], [3,2], [2,2], [6], [1,5], [6], [1], [2]]
y = [[1,2], [3,1], [1,5], [7,1], [5], [3], [4], [3]]
A more compact representation of the same problem uses strings,
where the letters represent the numbers, A=1, B=2, etc:
x = "C BA CB BB F AE F A B"
y = "AB CA AE GA E C D C"
Task
For this task, try to solve the 4 problems below, read from a “nonogram_problems.txt” file that has this content
(the blank lines are separators):
C BA CB BB F AE F A B
AB CA AE GA E C D C
F CAC ACAC CN AAA AABB EBB EAA ECCC HCCC
D D AE CD AE A DA BBB CC AAB BAA AAB DA AAB AAA BAB AAA CD BBA DA
CA BDA ACC BD CCAC CBBAC BBBBB BAABAA ABAD AABB BBH BBBD ABBAAA CCEA AACAAB BCACC ACBH DCH ADBE ADBB DBE ECE DAA DB CC
BC CAC CBAB BDD CDBDE BEBDF ADCDFA DCCFB DBCFC ABDBA BBF AAF BADB DBF AAAAD BDG CEF CBDB BBB FC
E BCB BEA BH BEK AABAF ABAC BAA BFB OD JH BADCF Q Q R AN AAN EI H G
E CB BAB AAA AAA AC BB ACC ACCA AGB AIA AJ AJ ACE AH BAF CAG DAG FAH FJ GJ ADK ABK BL CM
Extra credit: generate nonograms with unique solutions, of desired height and width.
This task is the problem n.98 of the "99 Prolog Problems" by Werner Hett (also thanks to Paul Singleton for the idea and the examples).
Related tasks
Nonoblock.
See also
Arc Consistency Algorithm
http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/99_questions/Solutions/98 (Haskell)
http://twanvl.nl/blog/haskell/Nonograms (Haskell)
http://picolisp.com/5000/!wiki?99p98 (PicoLisp)
| #Common_Lisp | Common Lisp | (defpackage :ac3
(:use :cl)
(:export :var
:domain
:satisfies-p
:constraint-possible-p
:ac3)
(:documentation "Implements the AC3 algorithm. Extend VAR with the variable
types for your particular problem and implement SATISFIES-P and
CONSTRAINT-POSSIBLE-P for your variables. Initialize the DOMAIN of your variables
with unary constraints already satisfied and then pass them to AC3 in a list."))
(in-package :ac3)
(defclass var ()
((domain :initarg :domain :accessor domain))
(:documentation "The base variable type from which all other
variables should extend."))
(defgeneric satisfies-p (a b va vb)
(:documentation "Determine if constrainted variables A and B are
satisfied by the instantiation of their respective values VA and VB."))
(defgeneric constraint-possible-p (a b)
(:documentation "Determine if variables A and B can even be
checked for a binary constraint."))
(defun arc-reduce (a b)
"Assuming A and B truly form a constraint, prune all values
from A that do not satisfy any value in B. Return T if the domain
of A changed by any amount, NIL otherwise."
(let (change)
(setf (domain a)
(loop for va in (domain a)
when (loop for vb in (domain b)
do (when (satisfies-p a b va vb)
(return t))
finally (setf change t) (return nil))
collect va))
change))
(defun binary-constraint-p (a b)
"Check if variables A and B could form a constraint, then return T
if any of their values form a contradiction, NIL otherwise."
(when (constraint-possible-p a b)
(block found
(loop for va in (domain a)
do (loop for vb in (domain b)
do (unless (satisfies-p a b va vb)
(return-from found t)))))))
(defun ac3 (vars)
"Run the Arc Consistency 3 algorithm on the given set of variables.
Assumes unary constraints have already been satisfied."
;; Form a worklist of the constraints of every variable to every other variable.
(let ((worklist (loop for x in vars
append (loop for y in vars
when (and (not (eq x y))
(binary-constraint-p x y))
collect (cons x y)))))
;; Prune the worklist of satisfied arcs until it is empty.
(loop while worklist
do (destructuring-bind (x . y) (pop worklist)
(when (arc-reduce x y)
(if (domain x)
;; If the current arc's domain was reduced, then append any arcs it
;; is still constrained with to the end of the worklist, as they
;; need to be rechecked.
(setf worklist (nconc worklist (loop for z in vars
when (and (not (eq x z))
(not (eq y z))
(binary-constraint-p x z))
collect (cons z x))))
(error "No values left in ~a" x))))
finally (return vars))))
(defpackage :nonogram
(:use :cl :ac3)
(:documentation "Utilize the AC3 package to solve nonograms."))
(in-package :nonogram)
(defclass line (var)
((depth :initarg :depth :accessor depth))
(:documentation "A LINE is a variable that represents either a
column or row of cells and all of the permutations of values those
cells can assume"))
(defmethod print-object ((o line) s)
(print-unreadable-object (o s :type t)
(with-slots (depth domain) o
(format s ":depth ~a :domain ~a" depth domain))))
(defclass row (line) ())
(defclass col (line) ())
(defmethod satisfies-p ((a line) (b line) va vb)
(eq (aref va (depth b))
(aref vb (depth a))))
(defmethod constraint-possible-p ((a line) (b line))
(not (eq (type-of a) (type-of b))))
(defun make-line-domain (runs length &optional (start 0) acc)
"Enumerate all valid permutations of a line's values."
(if runs
(loop for i from start
to (- length
(reduce #'+ (cdr runs))
(length (cdr runs))
(car runs))
append (make-line-domain (cdr runs) length (+ 1 i (car runs)) (cons i acc)))
(list (reverse acc))))
(defun make-line (type runs depth length)
"Create and initialize a ROW or COL instance."
(make-instance
type :depth depth :domain
(loop for value in (make-line-domain runs length)
collect (let ((arr (make-array length :initial-element nil)))
(loop for pos in value
for run in runs
do (loop for i from pos below (+ pos run)
do (setf (aref arr i) t)))
arr))))
(defun make-lines (type run-set length)
"Initialize a set of lines."
(loop for runs across run-set
for depth from 0
collect (make-line type runs depth length)))
(defun nonogram (problem)
"Given a nonogram problem description, solve it and print the result."
(let* ((nrows (length (aref problem 0)))
(ncols (length (aref problem 1)))
(vars (ac3 (append (make-lines 'row (aref problem 0) ncols)
(make-lines 'col (aref problem 1) nrows)))))
(loop for var in vars
while (eq 'row (type-of var))
do (terpri)
(loop for cell across (car (domain var))
do (format t "~a " (if cell #\# #\.))))))
(defparameter *test-set*
'("C BA CB BB F AE F A B"
"AB CA AE GA E C D C"))
;; Helper functions to read and parse problems from a file.
(defun parse-word (word)
(map 'list (lambda (c) (- (digit-char-p c 36) 9)) word))
(defun parse-line (line)
(map 'vector #'parse-word (uiop:split-string (string-upcase line))))
(defun parse-nonogram (rows columns)
(vector (parse-line rows)
(parse-line columns)))
(defun read-until-line (stream)
(loop (let ((line (read-line stream)))
(when (> (length (string-trim '(#\space) line)) 0)
(print line)
(return line)))))
(defun solve-from-file (file)
(handler-case
(with-open-file (s file)
(loop
(terpri)
(nonogram (parse-nonogram (read-until-line s)
(read-until-line s)))))
(end-of-file ()))) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Nonoblock | Nonoblock | Nonoblock is a chip off the old Nonogram puzzle.
Given
The number of cells in a row.
The size of each, (space separated), connected block of cells to fit in the row, in left-to right order.
Task
show all possible positions.
show the number of positions of the blocks for the following cases within the row.
show all output on this page.
use a "neat" diagram of the block positions.
Enumerate the following configurations
5 cells and [2, 1] blocks
5 cells and [] blocks (no blocks)
10 cells and [8] blocks
15 cells and [2, 3, 2, 3] blocks
5 cells and [2, 3] blocks (should give some indication of this not being possible)
Example
Given a row of five cells and a block of two cells followed by a block of one cell - in that order, the example could be shown as:
|_|_|_|_|_| # 5 cells and [2, 1] blocks
And would expand to the following 3 possible rows of block positions:
|A|A|_|B|_|
|A|A|_|_|B|
|_|A|A|_|B|
Note how the sets of blocks are always separated by a space.
Note also that it is not necessary for each block to have a separate letter.
Output approximating
This:
|#|#|_|#|_|
|#|#|_|_|#|
|_|#|#|_|#|
This would also work:
##.#.
##..#
.##.#
An algorithm
Find the minimum space to the right that is needed to legally hold all but the leftmost block of cells (with a space between blocks remember).
The leftmost cell can legitimately be placed in all positions from the LHS up to a RH position that allows enough room for the rest of the blocks.
for each position of the LH block recursively compute the position of the rest of the blocks in the remaining space to the right of the current placement of the LH block.
(This is the algorithm used in the Nonoblock#Python solution).
Reference
The blog post Nonogram puzzle solver (part 1) Inspired this task and donated its Nonoblock#Python solution.
| #Mathematica.2FWolfram_Language | Mathematica/Wolfram Language | ClearAll[SpacesDistributeOverN, Possibilities]
SpacesDistributeOverN[s_, p_] :=
Flatten[
Permutations /@ (Join[#, ConstantArray[0, p - Length[#]]] & /@
IntegerPartitions[s, p]), 1]
Possibilities[hint_, len_] :=
Module[{p = hint, l = len, b = Length[hint], Spaces, out},
Spaces = # + (Prepend[Append[ConstantArray[1, b - 1], 0],
0]) & /@ (SpacesDistributeOverN[l - Total@p - (b - 1), b + 1]);
out = Flatten /@ (
Riffle[#, Map[Table[1, {#}] &, p, {1}]] & /@
Map[Table[0, {#}] &, Spaces, {2}]);
StringJoin @@@ (out /. {0 -> ".", 1 -> "#"})
]
Possibilities[{}, len_] := Module[{},
{StringJoin[ConstantArray[".", len]]}
]
Possibilities[{2, 1}, 5]
Possibilities[{}, 5]
Possibilities[{8}, 10]
Possibilities[{2, 3, 2, 3}, 15]
Possibilities[{2, 3}, 5] |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Nonoblock | Nonoblock | Nonoblock is a chip off the old Nonogram puzzle.
Given
The number of cells in a row.
The size of each, (space separated), connected block of cells to fit in the row, in left-to right order.
Task
show all possible positions.
show the number of positions of the blocks for the following cases within the row.
show all output on this page.
use a "neat" diagram of the block positions.
Enumerate the following configurations
5 cells and [2, 1] blocks
5 cells and [] blocks (no blocks)
10 cells and [8] blocks
15 cells and [2, 3, 2, 3] blocks
5 cells and [2, 3] blocks (should give some indication of this not being possible)
Example
Given a row of five cells and a block of two cells followed by a block of one cell - in that order, the example could be shown as:
|_|_|_|_|_| # 5 cells and [2, 1] blocks
And would expand to the following 3 possible rows of block positions:
|A|A|_|B|_|
|A|A|_|_|B|
|_|A|A|_|B|
Note how the sets of blocks are always separated by a space.
Note also that it is not necessary for each block to have a separate letter.
Output approximating
This:
|#|#|_|#|_|
|#|#|_|_|#|
|_|#|#|_|#|
This would also work:
##.#.
##..#
.##.#
An algorithm
Find the minimum space to the right that is needed to legally hold all but the leftmost block of cells (with a space between blocks remember).
The leftmost cell can legitimately be placed in all positions from the LHS up to a RH position that allows enough room for the rest of the blocks.
for each position of the LH block recursively compute the position of the rest of the blocks in the remaining space to the right of the current placement of the LH block.
(This is the algorithm used in the Nonoblock#Python solution).
Reference
The blog post Nonogram puzzle solver (part 1) Inspired this task and donated its Nonoblock#Python solution.
| #Nim | Nim | import math, sequtils, strformat, strutils
proc genSequence(ones: seq[string]; numZeroes: Natural): seq[string] =
if ones.len == 0: return @[repeat('0', numZeroes)]
for x in 1..(numZeroes - ones.len + 1):
let skipOne = ones[1..^1]
for tail in genSequence(skipOne, numZeroes - x):
result.add repeat('0', x) & ones[0] & tail
proc printBlock(data: string; length: Positive) =
let a = mapIt(data, ord(it) - ord('0'))
let sumBytes = sum(a)
echo &"\nblocks {($a)[1..^1]} cells {length}"
if length - sumBytes <= 0:
echo "No solution"
return
var prep: seq[string]
for b in a: prep.add repeat('1', b)
for r in genSequence(prep, length - sumBytes + 1):
echo r[1..^1]
when isMainModule:
printBlock("21", 5)
printBlock("", 5)
printBlock("8", 10)
printBlock("2323", 15)
printBlock("23", 5) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-transitive_dice | Non-transitive dice | Let our dice select numbers on their faces with equal probability, i.e. fair dice.
Dice may have more or less than six faces. (The possibility of there being a
3D physical shape that has that many "faces" that allow them to be fair dice,
is ignored for this task - a die with 3 or 33 defined sides is defined by the
number of faces and the numbers on each face).
Throwing dice will randomly select a face on each die with equal probability.
To show which die of dice thrown multiple times is more likely to win over the
others:
calculate all possible combinations of different faces from each die
Count how many times each die wins a combination
Each combination is equally likely so the die with more winning face combinations is statistically more likely to win against the other dice.
If two dice X and Y are thrown against each other then X likely to: win, lose, or break-even against Y can be shown as: X > Y, X < Y, or X = Y respectively.
Example 1
If X is the three sided die with 1, 3, 6 on its faces and Y has 2, 3, 4 on its
faces then the equal possibility outcomes from throwing both, and the winners
is:
X Y Winner
= = ======
1 2 Y
1 3 Y
1 4 Y
3 2 X
3 3 -
3 4 Y
6 2 X
6 3 X
6 4 X
TOTAL WINS: X=4, Y=4
Both die will have the same statistical probability of winning, i.e.their comparison can be written as X = Y
Transitivity
In mathematics transitivity are rules like:
if a op b and b op c then a op c
If, for example, the op, (for operator), is the familiar less than, <, and it's applied to integers
we get the familiar if a < b and b < c then a < c
Non-transitive dice
These are an ordered list of dice where the '>' operation between successive
dice pairs applies but a comparison between the first and last of the list
yields the opposite result, '<'.
(Similarly '<' successive list comparisons with a final '>' between first and last is also non-transitive).
Three dice S, T, U with appropriate face values could satisfy
S < T, T < U and yet S > U
To be non-transitive.
Notes
The order of numbers on the faces of a die is not relevant. For example, three faced die described with face numbers of 1, 2, 3 or 2, 1, 3 or any other permutation are equivalent. For the purposes of the task show only the permutation in lowest-first sorted order i.e. 1, 2, 3 (and remove any of its perms).
A die can have more than one instance of the same number on its faces, e.g. 2, 3, 3, 4
Rotations: Any rotation of non-transitive dice from an answer is also an answer. You may optionally compute and show only one of each such rotation sets, ideally the first when sorted in a natural way. If this option is used then prominently state in the output that rotations of results are also solutions.
Task
====
Find all the ordered lists of three non-transitive dice S, T, U of the form
S < T, T < U and yet S > U; where the dice are selected from all four-faced die
, (unique w.r.t the notes), possible by having selections from the integers
one to four on any dies face.
Solution can be found by generating all possble individual die then testing all
possible permutations, (permutations are ordered), of three dice for
non-transitivity.
Optional stretch goal
Find lists of four non-transitive dice selected from the same possible dice from the non-stretch goal.
Show the results here, on this page.
References
The Most Powerful Dice - Numberphile Video.
Nontransitive dice - Wikipedia.
| #Python | Python | from collections import namedtuple
from itertools import permutations, product
from functools import lru_cache
Die = namedtuple('Die', 'name, faces')
@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
def cmpd(die1, die2):
'compares two die returning 1, -1 or 0 for >, < =='
# Numbers of times one die wins against the other for all combinations
# cmp(x, y) is `(x > y) - (y > x)` to return 1, 0, or -1 for numbers
tot = [0, 0, 0]
for d1, d2 in product(die1.faces, die2.faces):
tot[1 + (d1 > d2) - (d2 > d1)] += 1
win2, _, win1 = tot
return (win1 > win2) - (win2 > win1)
def is_non_trans(dice):
"Check if ordering of die in dice is non-transitive returning dice or None"
check = (all(cmpd(c1, c2) == -1
for c1, c2 in zip(dice, dice[1:])) # Dn < Dn+1
and cmpd(dice[0], dice[-1]) == 1) # But D[0] > D[-1]
return dice if check else False
def find_non_trans(alldice, n=3):
return [perm for perm in permutations(alldice, n)
if is_non_trans(perm)]
def possible_dice(sides, mx):
print(f"\nAll possible 1..{mx} {sides}-sided dice")
dice = [Die(f"D{n+1}", faces)
for n, faces in enumerate(product(range(1, mx+1), repeat=sides))]
print(f' Created {len(dice)} dice')
print(' Remove duplicate with same bag of numbers on different faces')
found = set()
filtered = []
for d in dice:
count = tuple(sorted(d.faces))
if count not in found:
found.add(count)
filtered.append(d)
l = len(filtered)
print(f' Return {l} filtered dice')
return filtered
#%% more verbose extra checks
def verbose_cmp(die1, die2):
'compares two die returning their relationship of their names as a string'
# Numbers of times one die wins against the other for all combinations
win1 = sum(d1 > d2 for d1, d2 in product(die1.faces, die2.faces))
win2 = sum(d2 > d1 for d1, d2 in product(die1.faces, die2.faces))
n1, n2 = die1.name, die2.name
return f'{n1} > {n2}' if win1 > win2 else (f'{n1} < {n2}' if win1 < win2 else f'{n1} = {n2}')
def verbose_dice_cmp(dice):
c = [verbose_cmp(x, y) for x, y in zip(dice, dice[1:])]
c += [verbose_cmp(dice[0], dice[-1])]
return ', '.join(c)
#%% Use
if __name__ == '__main__':
dice = possible_dice(sides=4, mx=4)
for N in (3, 4): # length of non-transitive group of dice searched for
non_trans = find_non_trans(dice, N)
print(f'\n Non_transitive length-{N} combinations found: {len(non_trans)}')
for lst in non_trans:
print()
for i, die in enumerate(lst):
print(f" {' ' if i else '['}{die}{',' if i < N-1 else ']'}")
if non_trans:
print('\n More verbose comparison of last non_transitive result:')
print(' ', verbose_dice_cmp(non_trans[-1]))
print('\n ====') |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-continuous_subsequences | Non-continuous subsequences | Consider some sequence of elements. (It differs from a mere set of elements by having an ordering among members.)
A subsequence contains some subset of the elements of this sequence, in the same order.
A continuous subsequence is one in which no elements are missing between the first and last elements of the subsequence.
Note: Subsequences are defined structurally, not by their contents.
So a sequence a,b,c,d will always have the same subsequences and continuous subsequences, no matter which values are substituted; it may even be the same value.
Task: Find all non-continuous subsequences for a given sequence.
Example
For the sequence 1,2,3,4, there are five non-continuous subsequences, namely:
1,3
1,4
2,4
1,3,4
1,2,4
Goal
There are different ways to calculate those subsequences.
Demonstrate algorithm(s) that are natural for the language.
Other tasks related to string operations:
Metrics
Array length
String length
Copy a string
Empty string (assignment)
Counting
Word frequency
Letter frequency
Jewels and stones
I before E except after C
Bioinformatics/base count
Count occurrences of a substring
Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string
Remove/replace
XXXX redacted
Conjugate a Latin verb
Remove vowels from a string
String interpolation (included)
Strip block comments
Strip comments from a string
Strip a set of characters from a string
Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail
Strip control codes and extended characters from a string
Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling
Word wheel
ABC problem
Sattolo cycle
Knuth shuffle
Ordered words
Superpermutation minimisation
Textonyms (using a phone text pad)
Anagrams
Anagrams/Deranged anagrams
Permutations/Derangements
Find/Search/Determine
ABC words
Odd words
Word ladder
Semordnilap
Word search
Wordiff (game)
String matching
Tea cup rim text
Alternade words
Changeable words
State name puzzle
String comparison
Unique characters
Unique characters in each string
Extract file extension
Levenshtein distance
Palindrome detection
Common list elements
Longest common suffix
Longest common prefix
Compare a list of strings
Longest common substring
Find common directory path
Words from neighbour ones
Change e letters to i in words
Non-continuous subsequences
Longest common subsequence
Longest palindromic substrings
Longest increasing subsequence
Words containing "the" substring
Sum of the digits of n is substring of n
Determine if a string is numeric
Determine if a string is collapsible
Determine if a string is squeezable
Determine if a string has all unique characters
Determine if a string has all the same characters
Longest substrings without repeating characters
Find words which contains all the vowels
Find words which contains most consonants
Find words which contains more than 3 vowels
Find words which first and last three letters are equals
Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa
Formatting
Substring
Rep-string
Word wrap
String case
Align columns
Literals/String
Repeat a string
Brace expansion
Brace expansion using ranges
Reverse a string
Phrase reversals
Comma quibbling
Special characters
String concatenation
Substring/Top and tail
Commatizing numbers
Reverse words in a string
Suffixation of decimal numbers
Long literals, with continuations
Numerical and alphabetical suffixes
Abbreviations, easy
Abbreviations, simple
Abbreviations, automatic
Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases
Mad Libs
Magic 8-ball
99 Bottles of Beer
The Name Game (a song)
The Old lady swallowed a fly
The Twelve Days of Christmas
Tokenize
Text between
Tokenize a string
Word break problem
Tokenize a string with escaping
Split a character string based on change of character
Sequences
Show ASCII table
De Bruijn sequences
Self-referential sequences
Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
| #Bracmat | Bracmat | ( ( noncontinuous
= sub
. ( sub
= su a nc
. !arg:(?su.?nc)
& !su
: %
%?a
( %:[%(sub$(!sjt.!nc !a))
| ?
& !nc:~
& out$(!nc !a)
& ~
)
)
& sub$(dummy !arg.)
|
)
& noncontinuous$(e r n i t)
);
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-continuous_subsequences | Non-continuous subsequences | Consider some sequence of elements. (It differs from a mere set of elements by having an ordering among members.)
A subsequence contains some subset of the elements of this sequence, in the same order.
A continuous subsequence is one in which no elements are missing between the first and last elements of the subsequence.
Note: Subsequences are defined structurally, not by their contents.
So a sequence a,b,c,d will always have the same subsequences and continuous subsequences, no matter which values are substituted; it may even be the same value.
Task: Find all non-continuous subsequences for a given sequence.
Example
For the sequence 1,2,3,4, there are five non-continuous subsequences, namely:
1,3
1,4
2,4
1,3,4
1,2,4
Goal
There are different ways to calculate those subsequences.
Demonstrate algorithm(s) that are natural for the language.
Other tasks related to string operations:
Metrics
Array length
String length
Copy a string
Empty string (assignment)
Counting
Word frequency
Letter frequency
Jewels and stones
I before E except after C
Bioinformatics/base count
Count occurrences of a substring
Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string
Remove/replace
XXXX redacted
Conjugate a Latin verb
Remove vowels from a string
String interpolation (included)
Strip block comments
Strip comments from a string
Strip a set of characters from a string
Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail
Strip control codes and extended characters from a string
Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling
Word wheel
ABC problem
Sattolo cycle
Knuth shuffle
Ordered words
Superpermutation minimisation
Textonyms (using a phone text pad)
Anagrams
Anagrams/Deranged anagrams
Permutations/Derangements
Find/Search/Determine
ABC words
Odd words
Word ladder
Semordnilap
Word search
Wordiff (game)
String matching
Tea cup rim text
Alternade words
Changeable words
State name puzzle
String comparison
Unique characters
Unique characters in each string
Extract file extension
Levenshtein distance
Palindrome detection
Common list elements
Longest common suffix
Longest common prefix
Compare a list of strings
Longest common substring
Find common directory path
Words from neighbour ones
Change e letters to i in words
Non-continuous subsequences
Longest common subsequence
Longest palindromic substrings
Longest increasing subsequence
Words containing "the" substring
Sum of the digits of n is substring of n
Determine if a string is numeric
Determine if a string is collapsible
Determine if a string is squeezable
Determine if a string has all unique characters
Determine if a string has all the same characters
Longest substrings without repeating characters
Find words which contains all the vowels
Find words which contains most consonants
Find words which contains more than 3 vowels
Find words which first and last three letters are equals
Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa
Formatting
Substring
Rep-string
Word wrap
String case
Align columns
Literals/String
Repeat a string
Brace expansion
Brace expansion using ranges
Reverse a string
Phrase reversals
Comma quibbling
Special characters
String concatenation
Substring/Top and tail
Commatizing numbers
Reverse words in a string
Suffixation of decimal numbers
Long literals, with continuations
Numerical and alphabetical suffixes
Abbreviations, easy
Abbreviations, simple
Abbreviations, automatic
Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases
Mad Libs
Magic 8-ball
99 Bottles of Beer
The Name Game (a song)
The Old lady swallowed a fly
The Twelve Days of Christmas
Tokenize
Text between
Tokenize a string
Word break problem
Tokenize a string with escaping
Split a character string based on change of character
Sequences
Show ASCII table
De Bruijn sequences
Self-referential sequences
Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
| #C | C | #include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int c, char **v)
{
unsigned int n = 1 << (c - 1), i = n, j, k;
assert(n);
while (i--) {
if (!(i & (i + (i & -(int)i)))) // consecutive 1s
continue;
for (j = n, k = 1; j >>= 1; k++)
if (i & j) printf("%s ", v[k]);
putchar('\n');
}
return 0;
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Convert | Non-decimal radices/Convert | Number base conversion is when you express a stored integer in an integer base, such as in octal (base 8) or binary (base 2). It also is involved when you take a string representing a number in a given base and convert it to the stored integer form. Normally, a stored integer is in binary, but that's typically invisible to the user, who normally enters or sees stored integers as decimal.
Task
Write a function (or identify the built-in function) which is passed a non-negative integer to convert, and another integer representing the base.
It should return a string containing the digits of the resulting number, without leading zeros except for the number 0 itself.
For the digits beyond 9, one should use the lowercase English alphabet, where the digit a = 9+1, b = a+1, etc.
For example: the decimal number 26 expressed in base 16 would be 1a.
Write a second function which is passed a string and an integer base, and it returns an integer representing that string interpreted in that base.
The programs may be limited by the word size or other such constraint of a given language. There is no need to do error checking for negatives, bases less than 2, or inappropriate digits.
| #Ada | Ada | with Ada.Text_Io; use Ada.Text_Io;
with Ada.Strings.Fixed;
With Ada.Strings.Unbounded;
procedure Number_Base_Conversion is
Max_Base : constant := 36;
subtype Base_Type is Integer range 2..Max_Base;
Num_Digits : constant String := "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
Invalid_Digit : exception;
function To_Decimal(Value : String; Base : Base_Type) return Integer is
use Ada.Strings.Fixed;
Result : Integer := 0;
Decimal_Value : Integer;
Radix_Offset : Natural := 0;
begin
for I in reverse Value'range loop
Decimal_Value := Index(Num_Digits, Value(I..I)) - 1;
if Decimal_Value < 0 then
raise Invalid_Digit;
end if;
Result := Result + (Base**Radix_Offset * Decimal_Value);
Radix_Offset := Radix_Offset + 1;
end loop;
return Result;
end To_Decimal;
function To_Base(Value : Natural; Base : Base_Type) return String is
use Ada.Strings.Unbounded;
Result : Unbounded_String := Null_Unbounded_String;
Temp : Natural := Value;
Base_Digit : String(1..1);
begin
if Temp = 0 then
return "0";
end if;
while Temp > 0 loop
Base_Digit(1) := Num_Digits((Temp mod Base) + 1);
if Result = Null_Unbounded_String then
Append(Result, Base_Digit);
else
Insert(Source => Result,
Before => 1,
New_Item => Base_Digit);
end if;
Temp := Temp / Base;
end loop;
return To_String(Result);
end To_Base;
begin
Put_Line("26 converted to base 16 is " & To_Base(26, 16));
Put_line("1a (base 16) is decimal" & Integer'image(To_Decimal("1a", 16)));
end Number_Base_Conversion; |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Input | Non-decimal radices/Input | It is common to have a string containing a number written in some format, with the most common ones being decimal, hexadecimal, octal and binary. Such strings are found in many places (user interfaces, configuration files, XML data, network protocols, etc.)
This task requires parsing of such a string (which may be assumed to contain nothing else) using the language's built-in facilities if possible. Parsing of decimal strings is required, parsing of other formats is optional but should be shown (i.e., if the language can parse in base-19 then that should be illustrated).
The solutions may assume that the base of the number in the string is known. In particular, if your language has a facility to guess the base of a number by looking at a prefix (e.g. "0x" for hexadecimal) or other distinguishing syntax as it parses it, please show that.
The reverse operation is in task Non-decimal radices/Output
For general number base conversion, see Non-decimal radices/Convert.
| #Free_Pascal | Free Pascal |
program readIntegers(input, output);
var
i: aluSInt;
begin
while not EOF(input) do
begin
readLn(i);
writeLn(i:24);
end;
end.
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Input | Non-decimal radices/Input | It is common to have a string containing a number written in some format, with the most common ones being decimal, hexadecimal, octal and binary. Such strings are found in many places (user interfaces, configuration files, XML data, network protocols, etc.)
This task requires parsing of such a string (which may be assumed to contain nothing else) using the language's built-in facilities if possible. Parsing of decimal strings is required, parsing of other formats is optional but should be shown (i.e., if the language can parse in base-19 then that should be illustrated).
The solutions may assume that the base of the number in the string is known. In particular, if your language has a facility to guess the base of a number by looking at a prefix (e.g. "0x" for hexadecimal) or other distinguishing syntax as it parses it, please show that.
The reverse operation is in task Non-decimal radices/Output
For general number base conversion, see Non-decimal radices/Convert.
| #Go | Go | package main
import (
"fmt"
"math/big"
"strconv"
)
func main() {
// package strconv: the most common string to int conversion,
// base 10 only.
x, _ := strconv.Atoi("13")
fmt.Println(x)
// ParseInt handles arbitrary bases from 2 to 36, and returns
// a result of the requested size (64 bits shown here.)
// If the base argument is zero the base is determined by prefix
// as with math/big below.
x64, _ := strconv.ParseInt("3c2", 19, 64)
fmt.Println(x64)
// package fmt: allows direct conversion from strings, standard
// input, or from an io.Reader (file, buffer, etc) to integer types
// for bases 2, 8, 10, and 16 or to any type that implements the
// fmt.Scanner interface (e.g. a big.Int).
// (Fscanf and Scanf are more common for reading from
// an io.Reader or stdin than Sscanf for reading from strings.)
fmt.Sscanf("1101", "%b", &x)
fmt.Println(x)
fmt.Sscanf("15", "%o", &x)
fmt.Println(x)
fmt.Sscanf("13", "%d", &x)
fmt.Println(x)
fmt.Sscanf("d", "%x", &x)
fmt.Println(x)
// package math/big: allows conversion from string to big integer.
// any base from 2 to 36 can be specified as second parameter.
var z big.Int
z.SetString("111", 3)
fmt.Println(&z)
// if second parameter is 0, base is determined by prefix, if any
z.SetString("0b1101", 0) // 0b -> base 2
fmt.Println(&z)
z.SetString("015", 0) // 0 -> base 8
fmt.Println(&z)
z.SetString("13", 0) // no prefix -> base 10
fmt.Println(&z)
z.SetString("0xd", 0) // 0x -> base 16
fmt.Println(&z)
// As mentioned, a big.Int (or any type implementing fmt.Scanner)
// can also be use with any of the fmt scanning functions.
fmt.Sscanf("15", "%o", &z)
fmt.Println(&z)
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Output | Non-decimal radices/Output | Programming languages often have built-in routines to convert a non-negative integer for printing in different number bases. Such common number bases might include binary, Octal and Hexadecimal.
Task
Print a small range of integers in some different bases, as supported by standard routines of your programming language.
Note
This is distinct from Number base conversion as a user-defined conversion function is not asked for.)
The reverse operation is Common number base parsing.
| #Elixir | Elixir | Enum.each(0..32, fn i -> :io.format "~2w :~6.2B, ~2.8B, ~2.16B~n", [i,i,i,i] end) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Output | Non-decimal radices/Output | Programming languages often have built-in routines to convert a non-negative integer for printing in different number bases. Such common number bases might include binary, Octal and Hexadecimal.
Task
Print a small range of integers in some different bases, as supported by standard routines of your programming language.
Note
This is distinct from Number base conversion as a user-defined conversion function is not asked for.)
The reverse operation is Common number base parsing.
| #Erlang | Erlang | 4> [io:fwrite("~s ", [erlang:integer_to_list(63, X)]) || X <- [3,8,16,26]].
2100 77 3F 2B
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Output | Non-decimal radices/Output | Programming languages often have built-in routines to convert a non-negative integer for printing in different number bases. Such common number bases might include binary, Octal and Hexadecimal.
Task
Print a small range of integers in some different bases, as supported by standard routines of your programming language.
Note
This is distinct from Number base conversion as a user-defined conversion function is not asked for.)
The reverse operation is Common number base parsing.
| #Euphoria | Euphoria | for i = 1 to 33 do
printf(1,"%6d %6x %6o\n",{i,i,i})
end for |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Number_names | Number names | Task
Show how to spell out a number in English.
You can use a preexisting implementation or roll your own, but you should support inputs up to at least one million (or the maximum value of your language's default bounded integer type, if that's less).
Support for inputs other than positive integers (like zero, negative integers, and floating-point numbers) is optional.
Related task
Spelling of ordinal numbers.
| #Racket | Racket |
#lang racket
(define smalls
(map symbol->string
'(zero one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve
thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen)))
(define tens
(map symbol->string
'(zero ten twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety)))
(define larges
(map symbol->string
'(thousand million billion trillion quadrillion quintillion sextillion
septillion octillion nonillion decillion undecillion duodecillion
tredecillion quattuordecillion quindecillion sexdecillion
septendecillion octodecillion novemdecillion vigintillion)))
(define (integer->english n)
(define (step div suffix separator [subformat integer->english])
(define-values [q r] (quotient/remainder n div))
(define S (if suffix (~a (subformat q) " " suffix) (subformat q)))
(if (zero? r) S (~a S separator (integer->english r))))
(cond [(< n 0) (~a "negative " (integer->english (- n)))]
[(< n 20) (list-ref smalls n)]
[(< n 100) (step 10 #f "-" (curry list-ref tens))]
[(< n 1000) (step 100 "hundred" " and ")]
[else (let loop ([N 1000000] [D 1000] [unit larges])
(cond [(null? unit)
(error 'integer->english "number too big: ~e" n)]
[(< n N) (step D (car unit) ", ")]
[else (loop (* 1000 N) (* 1000 D) (cdr unit))]))]))
(for ([n 10])
(define e (expt 10 n))
(define r (+ (* e (random e)) (random e)))
(printf "~s: ~a\n" r (integer->english r)))
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Number_reversal_game | Number reversal game | Task
Given a jumbled list of the numbers 1 to 9 that are definitely not in
ascending order.
Show the list, and then ask the player how many digits from the
left to reverse.
Reverse those digits, then ask again, until all the digits end up in ascending order.
The score is the count of the reversals needed to attain the ascending order.
Note: Assume the player's input does not need extra validation.
Related tasks
Sorting algorithms/Pancake sort
Pancake sorting.
Topswops
| #REXX | REXX | /*REXX program (a game): reverse a jumbled set of decimal digits 'til they're in order.*/
signal on halt /*allows the CBLF to HALT the program.*/
___= copies('─', 9); pad=left('', 9) /*a fence used for computer's messages.*/
say ___ "This game will show you nine random unique digits (1 ──► 9), and you'll enter"
say ___ "one of those digits which will reverse all the digits from the left-most digit"
say ___ "up to (and including) that decimal digit. The game's objective is to get all"
say ___ "of the digits in ascending order with the fewest tries. Here're your digits:"
ok= 123456789 /*the result that the string should be.*/
$= /* ◄─── decimal target to be generated.*/
do until length($)==9; _=random(1, 9) /*build a random unique numeric string.*/
if pos(_, $) \== 0 then iterate /*¬ unique? Only use a decimal dig once*/
$=$ || _ /*construct a string of unique digits. */
if $==ok then $= /*string can't be in order, start over.*/
end /*until*/
do score=1 until $==ok; say /* [↓] display the digits & the prompt*/
say ___ $ right('please enter a digit (or Quit):', 50)
parse pull ox . 1 ux . 1 x .; upper ux /*get a decimal digit (maybe) from CBLF*/
if abbrev('QUIT', ux, 1) then signal halt /*does the CBLF want to quit this game?*/
if length(x)>1 then do; say ___ pad '***error*** invalid input: ' ox; iterate; end
if x='' then iterate /*try again, CBLF didn't enter anything*/
g=pos(x, $) /*validate if the input digit is legal.*/
if g==0 then say ___ pad '***error*** invalid digit: ' ox
else $=strip(reverse(left($,g))substr($,g+1)) /*reverse some (or all) digits*/
end /*score*/
say; say ___ $; say; say center(' Congratulations! ', 70, "═"); say
say ___ pad 'Your score was' score; exit /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */
halt: say ___ pad 'quitting.'; exit /* " " " " " " " " */ |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Nim_game | Nim game | Nim game
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
Nim is a simple game where the second player ─── if they know the trick ─── will always win.
The game has only 3 rules:
start with 12 tokens
each player takes 1, 2, or 3 tokens in turn
the player who takes the last token wins.
To win every time, the second player simply takes 4 minus the number the first player took. So if the first player takes 1, the second takes 3 ─── if the first player takes 2, the second should take 2 ─── and if the first player takes 3, the second player will take 1.
Task
Design a simple Nim game where the human player goes first, and the computer always wins. The game should enforce the rules.
| #Action.21 | Action! | BYTE FUNC PlayerTurn(BYTE tokens)
BYTE t,max
IF tokens<3 THEN
max=tokens
ELSE
max=3
FI
DO
PrintF("How many tokens would you like to take (1-%B)? ",max)
t=InputB()
UNTIL t>=1 AND t<=max
OD
PrintF("Player takes %B tokens.%E",t)
t=tokens-t
IF t=0 THEN
PrintE("Player wins.")
FI
RETURN (t)
BYTE FUNC ComputerTurn(BYTE tokens)
BYTE t
t=tokens MOD 4
PrintF("Computer takes %B tokens.%E",t)
t=tokens-t
IF t=0 THEN
PrintE("Computer wins.")
FI
RETURN (t)
PROC Main()
BYTE tokens=[12],t
BYTE player=[1]
WHILE tokens>0
DO
PrintF("Available tokens: %B%E",tokens)
IF player THEN
tokens=PlayerTurn(tokens)
ELSE
tokens=ComputerTurn(tokens)
FI
player=1-player
OD
RETURN |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Nim_game | Nim game | Nim game
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
Nim is a simple game where the second player ─── if they know the trick ─── will always win.
The game has only 3 rules:
start with 12 tokens
each player takes 1, 2, or 3 tokens in turn
the player who takes the last token wins.
To win every time, the second player simply takes 4 minus the number the first player took. So if the first player takes 1, the second takes 3 ─── if the first player takes 2, the second should take 2 ─── and if the first player takes 3, the second player will take 1.
Task
Design a simple Nim game where the human player goes first, and the computer always wins. The game should enforce the rules.
| #Ada | Ada | with Ada.Text_IO;
procedure Nim is
subtype Token_Range is Positive range 1 .. 3;
package TIO renames Ada.Text_IO;
package Token_IO is new TIO.Integer_IO(Token_Range);
procedure Get_Tokens(remaining : in Natural; how_many : out Token_Range) is
begin
loop
TIO.Put("How many tokens would you like to take? ");
begin
Token_IO.Get(TIO.Standard_Input, how_many);
exit when how_many < remaining;
raise Constraint_Error;
exception
when TIO.Data_Error | Constraint_Error =>
if not TIO.End_Of_Line(TIO.Standard_Input) then
TIO.Skip_Line(TIO.Standard_Input);
end if;
TIO.Put_Line("Invalid input.");
end;
end loop;
end;
tokens : Natural := 12;
how_many : Token_Range;
begin
loop
TIO.Put_Line(tokens'Img & " tokens remain.");
-- no exit condition here: human cannot win.
Get_Tokens(tokens, how_many);
TIO.Put_Line("Human takes" & how_many'Img & " tokens.");
tokens := tokens - how_many;
-- computer's turn: take the remaining N tokens to amount to 4.
how_many := tokens mod 4;
TIO.Put_Line("Computer takes" & how_many'Img & " tokens.");
tokens := tokens - how_many;
Ada.Text_IO.New_Line;
exit when tokens = 0;
end loop;
TIO.Put_Line("Computer won!");
end Nim; |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Nested_templated_data | Nested templated data | A template for data is an arbitrarily nested tree of integer indices.
Data payloads are given as a separate mapping, array or other simpler, flat,
association of indices to individual items of data, and are strings.
The idea is to create a data structure with the templates' nesting, and the
payload corresponding to each index appearing at the position of each index.
Answers using simple string replacement or regexp are to be avoided. The idea is
to use the native, or usual implementation of lists/tuples etc of the language
and to hierarchically traverse the template to generate the output.
Task Detail
Given the following input template t and list of payloads p:
# Square brackets are used here to denote nesting but may be changed for other,
# clear, visual representations of nested data appropriate to ones programming
# language.
t = [
[[1, 2],
[3, 4, 1],
5]]
p = 'Payload#0' ... 'Payload#6'
The correct output should have the following structure, (although spacing and
linefeeds may differ, the nesting and order should follow):
[[['Payload#1', 'Payload#2'],
['Payload#3', 'Payload#4', 'Payload#1'],
'Payload#5']]
1. Generate the output for the above template, t.
Optional Extended tasks
2. Show which payloads remain unused.
3. Give some indication/handling of indices without a payload.
Show output on this page.
| #AutoHotkey | AutoHotkey | ;-----------------------------------------------------------
Nested_templated_data(template, Payload){
UsedP := [], UnusedP := [], UnusedI := []
result := template.Clone()
x := ArrMap(template, Payload, result, UsedP, UnusedI, [])
for i, v in Payload
if !UsedP[v]
UnusedP.Push(v)
return [x.1, x.2, UnusedP]
}
;-----------------------------------------------------------
ArrMap(Template, Payload, result, UsedP, UnusedI, pth){
for i, index in Template {
if IsObject(index)
pth.Push(i), Arrmap(index, Payload, result, UsedP, UnusedI, pth)
else{
pth.Push(i), ArrSetPath(result, pth, Payload[index])
if Payload[index]
UsedP[Payload[index]] := 1
else
UnusedI.Push(index)
}
pth.Pop()
}
return [result, UnusedI, UsedP]
}
;-----------------------------------------------------------
ArrSetPath(Arr, pth, newVal){
temp := []
for k, v in pth{
temp.push(v)
if !IsObject(Arr[temp*])
Arr[temp*] := []
}
return Arr[temp*] := newVal
}
;-----------------------------------------------------------
objcopy(obj){
nobj := obj.Clone()
for k, v in nobj
if IsObject(v)
nobj[k] := objcopy(v)
return nobj
}
;----------------------------------------------------------- |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Nonogram_solver | Nonogram solver | A nonogram is a puzzle that provides
numeric clues used to fill in a grid of cells,
establishing for each cell whether it is filled or not.
The puzzle solution is typically a picture of some kind.
Each row and column of a rectangular grid is annotated with the lengths
of its distinct runs of occupied cells.
Using only these lengths you should find one valid configuration
of empty and occupied cells, or show a failure message.
Example
Problem: Solution:
. . . . . . . . 3 . # # # . . . . 3
. . . . . . . . 2 1 # # . # . . . . 2 1
. . . . . . . . 3 2 . # # # . . # # 3 2
. . . . . . . . 2 2 . . # # . . # # 2 2
. . . . . . . . 6 . . # # # # # # 6
. . . . . . . . 1 5 # . # # # # # . 1 5
. . . . . . . . 6 # # # # # # . . 6
. . . . . . . . 1 . . . . # . . . 1
. . . . . . . . 2 . . . # # . . . 2
1 3 1 7 5 3 4 3 1 3 1 7 5 3 4 3
2 1 5 1 2 1 5 1
The problem above could be represented by two lists of lists:
x = [[3], [2,1], [3,2], [2,2], [6], [1,5], [6], [1], [2]]
y = [[1,2], [3,1], [1,5], [7,1], [5], [3], [4], [3]]
A more compact representation of the same problem uses strings,
where the letters represent the numbers, A=1, B=2, etc:
x = "C BA CB BB F AE F A B"
y = "AB CA AE GA E C D C"
Task
For this task, try to solve the 4 problems below, read from a “nonogram_problems.txt” file that has this content
(the blank lines are separators):
C BA CB BB F AE F A B
AB CA AE GA E C D C
F CAC ACAC CN AAA AABB EBB EAA ECCC HCCC
D D AE CD AE A DA BBB CC AAB BAA AAB DA AAB AAA BAB AAA CD BBA DA
CA BDA ACC BD CCAC CBBAC BBBBB BAABAA ABAD AABB BBH BBBD ABBAAA CCEA AACAAB BCACC ACBH DCH ADBE ADBB DBE ECE DAA DB CC
BC CAC CBAB BDD CDBDE BEBDF ADCDFA DCCFB DBCFC ABDBA BBF AAF BADB DBF AAAAD BDG CEF CBDB BBB FC
E BCB BEA BH BEK AABAF ABAC BAA BFB OD JH BADCF Q Q R AN AAN EI H G
E CB BAB AAA AAA AC BB ACC ACCA AGB AIA AJ AJ ACE AH BAF CAG DAG FAH FJ GJ ADK ABK BL CM
Extra credit: generate nonograms with unique solutions, of desired height and width.
This task is the problem n.98 of the "99 Prolog Problems" by Werner Hett (also thanks to Paul Singleton for the idea and the examples).
Related tasks
Nonoblock.
See also
Arc Consistency Algorithm
http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/99_questions/Solutions/98 (Haskell)
http://twanvl.nl/blog/haskell/Nonograms (Haskell)
http://picolisp.com/5000/!wiki?99p98 (PicoLisp)
| #D | D | import std.stdio, std.range, std.file, std.algorithm, std.string;
/// Create all patterns of a row or col that match given runs.
auto genRow(in int w, in int[] s) pure nothrow @safe {
static int[][] genSeg(in int[][] o, in int sp) pure nothrow @safe {
if (o.empty)
return [[2].replicate(sp)];
typeof(return) result;
foreach (immutable x; 1 .. sp - o.length + 2)
foreach (const tail; genSeg(o[1 .. $], sp - x))
result ~= [2].replicate(x) ~ o[0] ~ tail;
return result;
}
const ones = s.map!(i => [1].replicate(i)).array;
return genSeg(ones, w + 1 - s.sum).map!dropOne;
}
/// Fix inevitable value of cells, and propagate.
void deduce(in int[][] hr, in int[][] vr) {
static int[] allowable(in int[][] row) pure nothrow @safe {
//return row.dropOne.fold!q{ a[] |= b[] }(row[0].dup);
return reduce!q{ a[] |= b[] }(row[0].dup, row.dropOne);
}
static bool fits(in int[] a, in int[] b)
pure /*nothrow*/ @safe /*@nogc*/ {
return zip(a, b).all!(xy => xy[0] & xy[1]);
}
immutable int w = vr.length,
h = hr.length;
auto rows = hr.map!(x => genRow(w, x).array).array;
auto cols = vr.map!(x => genRow(h, x).array).array;
auto canDo = rows.map!allowable.array;
// Initially mark all columns for update.
bool[uint] modRows, modCols;
modCols = true.repeat.enumerate!uint.take(w).assocArray;
/// See if any value a given column is fixed; if so,
/// mark its corresponding row for future fixup.
void fixCol(in int n) /*nothrow*/ @safe {
const c = canDo.map!(x => x[n]).array;
cols[n] = cols[n].remove!(x => !fits(x, c)); // Throws.
foreach (immutable i, immutable x; allowable(cols[n]))
if (x != canDo[i][n]) {
modRows[i] = true;
canDo[i][n] &= x;
}
}
/// Ditto, for rows.
void fixRow(in int n) /*nothrow*/ @safe {
const c = canDo[n];
rows[n] = rows[n].remove!(x => !fits(x, c)); // Throws.
foreach (immutable i, immutable x; allowable(rows[n]))
if (x != canDo[n][i]) {
modCols[i] = true;
canDo[n][i] &= x;
}
}
void showGram(in int[][] m) {
// If there's 'x', something is wrong.
// If there's '?', needs more work.
m.each!(x => writefln("%-(%c %)", x.map!(i => "x#.?"[i])));
writeln;
}
while (modCols.length > 0) {
modCols.byKey.each!fixCol;
modCols = null;
modRows.byKey.each!fixRow;
modRows = null;
}
if (cartesianProduct(h.iota, w.iota)
.all!(ij => canDo[ij[0]][ij[1]] == 1 || canDo[ij[0]][ij[1]] == 2))
"Solution would be unique".writeln;
else
"Solution may not be unique, doing exhaustive search:".writeln;
// We actually do exhaustive search anyway. Unique
// solution takes no time in this phase anyway.
auto out_ = new const(int)[][](h);
uint tryAll(in int n = 0) {
if (n >= h) {
foreach (immutable j; 0 .. w)
if (!cols[j].canFind(out_.map!(x => x[j]).array))
return 0;
showGram(out_);
return 1;
}
typeof(return) sol = 0;
foreach (const x; rows[n]) {
out_[n] = x;
sol += tryAll(n + 1);
}
return sol;
}
immutable n = tryAll;
switch (n) {
case 0: "No solution.".writeln; break;
case 1: "Unique solution.".writeln; break;
default: writeln(n, " solutions."); break;
}
writeln;
}
void solve(in string p, in bool showRuns=true) {
immutable s = p.splitLines.map!(l => l.split.map!(w =>
w.map!(c => int(c - 'A' + 1)).array).array).array;
//w.map!(c => c - 'A' + 1))).to!(int[][][]);
if (showRuns) {
writeln("Horizontal runs: ", s[0]);
writeln("Vertical runs: ", s[1]);
}
deduce(s[0], s[1]);
}
void main() {
// Read problems from file.
immutable fn = "nonogram_problems.txt";
fn.readText.split("\n\n").filter!(p => !p.strip.empty).each!(p => p.strip.solve);
"Extra example not solvable by deduction alone:".writeln;
"B B A A\nB B A A".solve;
"Extra example where there is no solution:".writeln;
"B A A\nA A A".solve;
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Nonoblock | Nonoblock | Nonoblock is a chip off the old Nonogram puzzle.
Given
The number of cells in a row.
The size of each, (space separated), connected block of cells to fit in the row, in left-to right order.
Task
show all possible positions.
show the number of positions of the blocks for the following cases within the row.
show all output on this page.
use a "neat" diagram of the block positions.
Enumerate the following configurations
5 cells and [2, 1] blocks
5 cells and [] blocks (no blocks)
10 cells and [8] blocks
15 cells and [2, 3, 2, 3] blocks
5 cells and [2, 3] blocks (should give some indication of this not being possible)
Example
Given a row of five cells and a block of two cells followed by a block of one cell - in that order, the example could be shown as:
|_|_|_|_|_| # 5 cells and [2, 1] blocks
And would expand to the following 3 possible rows of block positions:
|A|A|_|B|_|
|A|A|_|_|B|
|_|A|A|_|B|
Note how the sets of blocks are always separated by a space.
Note also that it is not necessary for each block to have a separate letter.
Output approximating
This:
|#|#|_|#|_|
|#|#|_|_|#|
|_|#|#|_|#|
This would also work:
##.#.
##..#
.##.#
An algorithm
Find the minimum space to the right that is needed to legally hold all but the leftmost block of cells (with a space between blocks remember).
The leftmost cell can legitimately be placed in all positions from the LHS up to a RH position that allows enough room for the rest of the blocks.
for each position of the LH block recursively compute the position of the rest of the blocks in the remaining space to the right of the current placement of the LH block.
(This is the algorithm used in the Nonoblock#Python solution).
Reference
The blog post Nonogram puzzle solver (part 1) Inspired this task and donated its Nonoblock#Python solution.
| #Pascal | Pascal |
program Nonoblock;
uses SysUtils;
// Working through solutions to the problem:
// Fill an array z[] with non-negative integers
// whose sum is the passed-in integer s.
function GetFirstSolution( var z : array of integer;
s : integer) : boolean;
var
j : integer;
begin
result := (s >= 0) and (High(z) >= 0); // failed if s < 0 or array is empty
if result then begin // else initialize to solution 0, ..., 0, s
j := High(z); z[j] := s;
while (j > 0) do begin
dec(j); z[j] := 0;
end;
end;
end;
// Next solution: return true for success, false if no more solutions.
// Solutions are generated in lexicographic order.
function GetNextSolution( var z : array of integer) : boolean;
var
h, j : integer;
begin
h := High(z);
j := h; // find highest index j such that z[j] > 0.
while (j > 0) and (z[j] = 0) do dec(j);
result := (j > 0); // if index is 0, or there is no such index, failed
if result then begin // else update caller's array to give next solution
inc(z[j - 1]);
z[h] := z[j] - 1;
if (j < h) then z[j] := 0;
end;
end;
// Procedure to print solutions to nonoblock task on RosettaCode
procedure PrintSolutions( nrCells : integer;
blockSizes : array of integer);
const // cosmetic
MARGIN = 4;
GAP_CHAR = '.';
BLOCK_CHAR = '#';
var
sb : SysUtils.TStringBuilder;
nrBlocks, blockSum, gapSum : integer;
gapSizes : array of integer;
i, nrSolutions : integer;
begin
nrBlocks := Length( blockSizes);
// Print a title, showing the number of cells and the block sizes
sb := SysUtils.TStringBuilder.Create();
sb.AppendFormat('%d cells; blocks [', [nrCells]);
for i := 0 to nrBlocks - 1 do begin
if (i > 0) then sb.Append(',');
sb.Append( blockSizes[i]);
end;
sb.Append(']');
WriteLn( sb.ToString());
blockSum := 0; // total of block sizes
for i := 0 to nrBlocks - 1 do inc( blockSum, blockSizes[i]);
gapSum := nrCells - blockSum;
// Except in the trivial case of no blocks,
// we reduce the size of each inner gap by 1.
if nrBlocks > 0 then dec( gapSum, nrBlocks - 1);
// Work through all solutions and print them nicely.
nrSolutions := 0;
SetLength( gapSizes, nrBlocks + 1); // include the gap at each end
if GetFirstSolution( gapSizes, gapSum) then begin
repeat
inc( nrSolutions);
sb.Clear();
sb.Append( ' ', MARGIN);
for i := 0 to nrBlocks - 1 do begin
sb.Append( GAP_CHAR, gapSizes[i]);
// We reduced the inner gaps by 1; now we restore the deleted char.
if (i > 0) then sb.Append( GAP_CHAR);
sb.Append( BLOCK_CHAR, blockSizes[i]);
end;
sb.Append( GAP_CHAR, gapSizes[nrBlocks]);
WriteLn( sb.ToString());
until not GetNextSolution( gapSizes);
end;
sb.Free();
WriteLn( SysUtils.Format( 'Number of solutions = %d', [nrSolutions]));
WriteLn('');
end;
// Main program
begin
PrintSolutions( 5, [2,1]);
PrintSolutions( 5, []);
PrintSolutions( 10, [8]);
PrintSolutions( 15, [2,3,2,3]);
PrintSolutions( 5, [2,3]);
end.
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-transitive_dice | Non-transitive dice | Let our dice select numbers on their faces with equal probability, i.e. fair dice.
Dice may have more or less than six faces. (The possibility of there being a
3D physical shape that has that many "faces" that allow them to be fair dice,
is ignored for this task - a die with 3 or 33 defined sides is defined by the
number of faces and the numbers on each face).
Throwing dice will randomly select a face on each die with equal probability.
To show which die of dice thrown multiple times is more likely to win over the
others:
calculate all possible combinations of different faces from each die
Count how many times each die wins a combination
Each combination is equally likely so the die with more winning face combinations is statistically more likely to win against the other dice.
If two dice X and Y are thrown against each other then X likely to: win, lose, or break-even against Y can be shown as: X > Y, X < Y, or X = Y respectively.
Example 1
If X is the three sided die with 1, 3, 6 on its faces and Y has 2, 3, 4 on its
faces then the equal possibility outcomes from throwing both, and the winners
is:
X Y Winner
= = ======
1 2 Y
1 3 Y
1 4 Y
3 2 X
3 3 -
3 4 Y
6 2 X
6 3 X
6 4 X
TOTAL WINS: X=4, Y=4
Both die will have the same statistical probability of winning, i.e.their comparison can be written as X = Y
Transitivity
In mathematics transitivity are rules like:
if a op b and b op c then a op c
If, for example, the op, (for operator), is the familiar less than, <, and it's applied to integers
we get the familiar if a < b and b < c then a < c
Non-transitive dice
These are an ordered list of dice where the '>' operation between successive
dice pairs applies but a comparison between the first and last of the list
yields the opposite result, '<'.
(Similarly '<' successive list comparisons with a final '>' between first and last is also non-transitive).
Three dice S, T, U with appropriate face values could satisfy
S < T, T < U and yet S > U
To be non-transitive.
Notes
The order of numbers on the faces of a die is not relevant. For example, three faced die described with face numbers of 1, 2, 3 or 2, 1, 3 or any other permutation are equivalent. For the purposes of the task show only the permutation in lowest-first sorted order i.e. 1, 2, 3 (and remove any of its perms).
A die can have more than one instance of the same number on its faces, e.g. 2, 3, 3, 4
Rotations: Any rotation of non-transitive dice from an answer is also an answer. You may optionally compute and show only one of each such rotation sets, ideally the first when sorted in a natural way. If this option is used then prominently state in the output that rotations of results are also solutions.
Task
====
Find all the ordered lists of three non-transitive dice S, T, U of the form
S < T, T < U and yet S > U; where the dice are selected from all four-faced die
, (unique w.r.t the notes), possible by having selections from the integers
one to four on any dies face.
Solution can be found by generating all possble individual die then testing all
possible permutations, (permutations are ordered), of three dice for
non-transitivity.
Optional stretch goal
Find lists of four non-transitive dice selected from the same possible dice from the non-stretch goal.
Show the results here, on this page.
References
The Most Powerful Dice - Numberphile Video.
Nontransitive dice - Wikipedia.
| #R | R | findNonTrans <- function()
{
diceSet <- unique(t(apply(expand.grid(1:4, 1:4, 1:4, 1:4), 1, sort))) #By construction, each row is a unique dice.
winningDice <- function(X, Y) #Recall 'Example 1' in the task.
{
comparisonTable <- data.frame(X = rep(X, each = length(X)), Y = rep(Y, times = length(Y)))
rowWinner <- ifelse(comparisonTable["X"] > comparisonTable["Y"], "X",
ifelse(comparisonTable["X"] == comparisonTable["Y"], "-", "Y"))
netXWins <- sum(rowWinner == "X") - sum(rowWinner == "Y")
if(netXWins > 0) "X" else if(netXWins == 0) "Draw" else "Y"
}
rows <- seq_len(nrow(diceSet)) #Recall that each row of diceSet is a dice.
XvsAllY <- function(X) sapply(rows, function(i) winningDice(X, diceSet[i, ]))
winners <- as.data.frame(lapply(rows, function(i) XvsAllY(diceSet[i, ])),
row.names = paste("Y=Dice", rows), col.names = paste("X=Dice", rows), check.names = FALSE)
solutionCount <- 0
for(S in rows)
{
beatsS <- which(winners[paste("X=Dice", S)] == "Y") #Finds the indices of all T such that S<T.
beatsT <- lapply(beatsS, function(X) which(winners[paste("X=Dice", X)] == "Y")) #To begin finding U such that T<U.
beatenByS <- which(winners[paste("X=Dice", S)] == "X") #Finds the indices of all U such that S>U.
potentialU <- lapply(beatsT, function(X) intersect(X, beatenByS)) #Combining previous two lines.
nonEmptyIndices <- lengths(potentialU) != 0 #Most of potentialU is usually empty lists.
if(any(nonEmptyIndices)) #If any lists in potentialU are non-empty, then their entry is the index of a U with S>U & T<U.
{
solutionCount <- solutionCount + 1
diceUIndex <- potentialU[nonEmptyIndices][[1]] #Assumes that there is only one valid U for this S.
diceTIndex <- beatsS[nonEmptyIndices][[1]] #Finds the T corresponding to the chosen U.
cat("Solution", solutionCount, "is:\n")
output <- rbind(S = diceSet[S,], T = diceSet[diceTIndex,], U = diceSet[diceUIndex,])
colnames(output) <- paste("Dice", 1:4)
print(output)
}
}
}
findNonTrans() |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-continuous_subsequences | Non-continuous subsequences | Consider some sequence of elements. (It differs from a mere set of elements by having an ordering among members.)
A subsequence contains some subset of the elements of this sequence, in the same order.
A continuous subsequence is one in which no elements are missing between the first and last elements of the subsequence.
Note: Subsequences are defined structurally, not by their contents.
So a sequence a,b,c,d will always have the same subsequences and continuous subsequences, no matter which values are substituted; it may even be the same value.
Task: Find all non-continuous subsequences for a given sequence.
Example
For the sequence 1,2,3,4, there are five non-continuous subsequences, namely:
1,3
1,4
2,4
1,3,4
1,2,4
Goal
There are different ways to calculate those subsequences.
Demonstrate algorithm(s) that are natural for the language.
Other tasks related to string operations:
Metrics
Array length
String length
Copy a string
Empty string (assignment)
Counting
Word frequency
Letter frequency
Jewels and stones
I before E except after C
Bioinformatics/base count
Count occurrences of a substring
Count how many vowels and consonants occur in a string
Remove/replace
XXXX redacted
Conjugate a Latin verb
Remove vowels from a string
String interpolation (included)
Strip block comments
Strip comments from a string
Strip a set of characters from a string
Strip whitespace from a string -- top and tail
Strip control codes and extended characters from a string
Anagrams/Derangements/shuffling
Word wheel
ABC problem
Sattolo cycle
Knuth shuffle
Ordered words
Superpermutation minimisation
Textonyms (using a phone text pad)
Anagrams
Anagrams/Deranged anagrams
Permutations/Derangements
Find/Search/Determine
ABC words
Odd words
Word ladder
Semordnilap
Word search
Wordiff (game)
String matching
Tea cup rim text
Alternade words
Changeable words
State name puzzle
String comparison
Unique characters
Unique characters in each string
Extract file extension
Levenshtein distance
Palindrome detection
Common list elements
Longest common suffix
Longest common prefix
Compare a list of strings
Longest common substring
Find common directory path
Words from neighbour ones
Change e letters to i in words
Non-continuous subsequences
Longest common subsequence
Longest palindromic substrings
Longest increasing subsequence
Words containing "the" substring
Sum of the digits of n is substring of n
Determine if a string is numeric
Determine if a string is collapsible
Determine if a string is squeezable
Determine if a string has all unique characters
Determine if a string has all the same characters
Longest substrings without repeating characters
Find words which contains all the vowels
Find words which contains most consonants
Find words which contains more than 3 vowels
Find words which first and last three letters are equals
Find words which odd letters are consonants and even letters are vowels or vice_versa
Formatting
Substring
Rep-string
Word wrap
String case
Align columns
Literals/String
Repeat a string
Brace expansion
Brace expansion using ranges
Reverse a string
Phrase reversals
Comma quibbling
Special characters
String concatenation
Substring/Top and tail
Commatizing numbers
Reverse words in a string
Suffixation of decimal numbers
Long literals, with continuations
Numerical and alphabetical suffixes
Abbreviations, easy
Abbreviations, simple
Abbreviations, automatic
Song lyrics/poems/Mad Libs/phrases
Mad Libs
Magic 8-ball
99 Bottles of Beer
The Name Game (a song)
The Old lady swallowed a fly
The Twelve Days of Christmas
Tokenize
Text between
Tokenize a string
Word break problem
Tokenize a string with escaping
Split a character string based on change of character
Sequences
Show ASCII table
De Bruijn sequences
Self-referential sequences
Generate lower case ASCII alphabet
| #C.23 | C# | using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
class Program
{
public static void Main() {
var sequence = new[] { "A", "B", "C", "D" };
foreach (var subset in Subsets(sequence.Length).Where(s => !IsContinuous(s))) {
Console.WriteLine(string.Join(" ", subset.Select(i => sequence[i])));
}
}
static IEnumerable<List<int>> Subsets(int length) {
int[] values = Enumerable.Range(0, length).ToArray();
var stack = new Stack<int>(length);
for (int i = 0; stack.Count > 0 || i < length; ) {
if (i < length) {
stack.Push(i++);
yield return (from index in stack.Reverse() select values[index]).ToList();
} else {
i = stack.Pop() + 1;
if (stack.Count > 0) i = stack.Pop() + 1;
}
}
}
static bool IsContinuous(List<int> list) => list[list.Count - 1] - list[0] + 1 == list.Count;
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Convert | Non-decimal radices/Convert | Number base conversion is when you express a stored integer in an integer base, such as in octal (base 8) or binary (base 2). It also is involved when you take a string representing a number in a given base and convert it to the stored integer form. Normally, a stored integer is in binary, but that's typically invisible to the user, who normally enters or sees stored integers as decimal.
Task
Write a function (or identify the built-in function) which is passed a non-negative integer to convert, and another integer representing the base.
It should return a string containing the digits of the resulting number, without leading zeros except for the number 0 itself.
For the digits beyond 9, one should use the lowercase English alphabet, where the digit a = 9+1, b = a+1, etc.
For example: the decimal number 26 expressed in base 16 would be 1a.
Write a second function which is passed a string and an integer base, and it returns an integer representing that string interpreted in that base.
The programs may be limited by the word size or other such constraint of a given language. There is no need to do error checking for negatives, bases less than 2, or inappropriate digits.
| #Aime | Aime | o_text(bfxa(0, 0, 16, 1000000));
o_byte('\n');
o_text(bfxa(0, 0, 5, 1000000));
o_byte('\n');
o_text(bfxa(0, 0, 2, 1000000));
o_byte('\n');
o_integer(alpha("f4240", 16));
o_byte('\n');
o_integer(alpha("224000000", 5));
o_byte('\n');
o_integer(alpha("11110100001001000000", 2));
o_byte('\n'); |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Convert | Non-decimal radices/Convert | Number base conversion is when you express a stored integer in an integer base, such as in octal (base 8) or binary (base 2). It also is involved when you take a string representing a number in a given base and convert it to the stored integer form. Normally, a stored integer is in binary, but that's typically invisible to the user, who normally enters or sees stored integers as decimal.
Task
Write a function (or identify the built-in function) which is passed a non-negative integer to convert, and another integer representing the base.
It should return a string containing the digits of the resulting number, without leading zeros except for the number 0 itself.
For the digits beyond 9, one should use the lowercase English alphabet, where the digit a = 9+1, b = a+1, etc.
For example: the decimal number 26 expressed in base 16 would be 1a.
Write a second function which is passed a string and an integer base, and it returns an integer representing that string interpreted in that base.
The programs may be limited by the word size or other such constraint of a given language. There is no need to do error checking for negatives, bases less than 2, or inappropriate digits.
| #ALGOL_68 | ALGOL 68 | INT base = 16, from dec = 26;
BITS to bits;
FORMAT hex repr = $n(base)r2d$;
FILE f; STRING str;
associate(f, str);
putf(f, (hex repr, BIN from dec));
print(("Hex: ",str, new line));
reset(f);
getf(f, (hex repr, to bits));
print(("Int: ",ABS to bits, new line)) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Input | Non-decimal radices/Input | It is common to have a string containing a number written in some format, with the most common ones being decimal, hexadecimal, octal and binary. Such strings are found in many places (user interfaces, configuration files, XML data, network protocols, etc.)
This task requires parsing of such a string (which may be assumed to contain nothing else) using the language's built-in facilities if possible. Parsing of decimal strings is required, parsing of other formats is optional but should be shown (i.e., if the language can parse in base-19 then that should be illustrated).
The solutions may assume that the base of the number in the string is known. In particular, if your language has a facility to guess the base of a number by looking at a prefix (e.g. "0x" for hexadecimal) or other distinguishing syntax as it parses it, please show that.
The reverse operation is in task Non-decimal radices/Output
For general number base conversion, see Non-decimal radices/Convert.
| #Haskell | Haskell | Prelude> read "123459" :: Integer
123459
Prelude> read "0xabcf123" :: Integer
180154659
Prelude> read "0o7651" :: Integer
4009 |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Input | Non-decimal radices/Input | It is common to have a string containing a number written in some format, with the most common ones being decimal, hexadecimal, octal and binary. Such strings are found in many places (user interfaces, configuration files, XML data, network protocols, etc.)
This task requires parsing of such a string (which may be assumed to contain nothing else) using the language's built-in facilities if possible. Parsing of decimal strings is required, parsing of other formats is optional but should be shown (i.e., if the language can parse in base-19 then that should be illustrated).
The solutions may assume that the base of the number in the string is known. In particular, if your language has a facility to guess the base of a number by looking at a prefix (e.g. "0x" for hexadecimal) or other distinguishing syntax as it parses it, please show that.
The reverse operation is in task Non-decimal radices/Output
For general number base conversion, see Non-decimal radices/Convert.
| #HicEst | HicEst | READ(Text="123459 ", Format="i10") dec ! 123459
READ(Text=" abcf123 ", Format="Z10") hex ! 180154659
READ(Text=" 7651 ", Format="o10") oct ! 4009
READ(Text=" 101011001", Format="B10.10") bin ! 345 |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Output | Non-decimal radices/Output | Programming languages often have built-in routines to convert a non-negative integer for printing in different number bases. Such common number bases might include binary, Octal and Hexadecimal.
Task
Print a small range of integers in some different bases, as supported by standard routines of your programming language.
Note
This is distinct from Number base conversion as a user-defined conversion function is not asked for.)
The reverse operation is Common number base parsing.
| #F.23 | F# | let ns = [30..33]
ns |> Seq.iter (fun n -> printfn " %3o %2d %2X" n n n) |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Non-decimal_radices/Output | Non-decimal radices/Output | Programming languages often have built-in routines to convert a non-negative integer for printing in different number bases. Such common number bases might include binary, Octal and Hexadecimal.
Task
Print a small range of integers in some different bases, as supported by standard routines of your programming language.
Note
This is distinct from Number base conversion as a user-defined conversion function is not asked for.)
The reverse operation is Common number base parsing.
| #Factor | Factor | 1234567 2 36 [a,b] [ >base print ] with each |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Number_names | Number names | Task
Show how to spell out a number in English.
You can use a preexisting implementation or roll your own, but you should support inputs up to at least one million (or the maximum value of your language's default bounded integer type, if that's less).
Support for inputs other than positive integers (like zero, negative integers, and floating-point numbers) is optional.
Related task
Spelling of ordinal numbers.
| #Raku | Raku | constant @I = <zero one two three four five six seven eight nine
ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen>;
constant @X = <0 X twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety>;
constant @C = @I X~ ' hundred';
constant @M = (<0 thousand>,
((<m b tr quadr quint sext sept oct non>,
(map { ('', <un duo tre quattuor quin sex septen octo novem>).flat X~ $_ },
<dec vigint trigint quadragint quinquagint sexagint septuagint octogint nonagint>),
'cent').flat X~ 'illion')).flat;
sub int-name ($num) {
if $num.substr(0,1) eq '-' { return "negative {int-name($num.substr(1))}" }
if $num eq '0' { return @I[0] }
my $m = 0;
return join ', ', reverse gather for $num.flip.comb(/\d ** 1..3/) {
my ($i,$x,$c) = .comb».Int;
if $i or $x or $c {
take join ' ', gather {
if $c { take @C[$c] }
if $x and $x == 1 { take @I[$i+10] }
else {
if $x { take @X[$x] }
if $i { take @I[$i] }
}
take @M[$m] // die "WOW! ZILLIONS!\n" if $m;
}
}
$m++;
}
}
while '' ne (my $n = prompt("Number: ")) {
say int-name($n);
} |
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Number_reversal_game | Number reversal game | Task
Given a jumbled list of the numbers 1 to 9 that are definitely not in
ascending order.
Show the list, and then ask the player how many digits from the
left to reverse.
Reverse those digits, then ask again, until all the digits end up in ascending order.
The score is the count of the reversals needed to attain the ascending order.
Note: Assume the player's input does not need extra validation.
Related tasks
Sorting algorithms/Pancake sort
Pancake sorting.
Topswops
| #Ring | Ring |
# Project : Number reversal game
rever = 1:9
leftrever = []
for n = 1 to len(rever)
rnd = random(8) + 1
temp = rever[n]
rever[n] = rever[rnd]
rever[rnd] = temp
next
see rever
see nl
while true
num = 0
leftrever = []
showarray(rever)
see " : Reverse how many = "
give r
r = number(r)
for n = 1 to r
add(leftrever, rever[n])
next
leftrever = reverse(leftrever)
for pos = 1 to r
rever[pos] = leftrever[pos]
next
for m = 1 to len(rever)
if rever[m] = m
num = num + 1
ok
next
if num = len(rever)
exit
ok
end
see "You took " + num + " attempts." + nl
func swap(a, b)
temp = a
a = b
b = temp
return [a, b]
func showarray(vect)
svect = ""
for n = 1 to len(vect)
svect = svect + vect[n] + " "
next
svect = left(svect, len(svect) - 1)
see svect
|
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Nim_game | Nim game | Nim game
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
Nim is a simple game where the second player ─── if they know the trick ─── will always win.
The game has only 3 rules:
start with 12 tokens
each player takes 1, 2, or 3 tokens in turn
the player who takes the last token wins.
To win every time, the second player simply takes 4 minus the number the first player took. So if the first player takes 1, the second takes 3 ─── if the first player takes 2, the second should take 2 ─── and if the first player takes 3, the second player will take 1.
Task
Design a simple Nim game where the human player goes first, and the computer always wins. The game should enforce the rules.
| #ALGOL_68 | ALGOL 68 | BEGIN # play Nim #
# gets a single character answer from standin and returns it #
PROC answer = ( STRING prompt )CHAR:
BEGIN
STRING s;
INT left := 0;
WHILE print( ( prompt, "> " ) );
read( ( s, newline ) );
left := LWB s;
INT right := UPB s;
WHILE IF left > right THEN FALSE ELSE s[ left ] = " " FI DO left +:= 1 OD;
WHILE IF right < left THEN FALSE ELSE s[ right ] = " " FI DO right -:= 1 OD;
left /= right
DO
print( ( "Please reply with a single character", newline ) )
OD;
s[ left ]
END # answer # ;
# play one game #
INT tokens := 12;
STRING suffix := "";
WHILE
CHAR user;
WHILE user := answer( "There are "
+ whole( tokens, 0 )
+ " tokens"
+ suffix
+ ", how many do you want to take (1, 2 or 3)"
);
user /= "1" AND user /= "2" AND user /= "3"
DO
print( ( "please answer 1, 2 or 3", newline ) )
OD;
INT move = ABS user - ABS "0";
print( ( "I take ", whole( 4 - move, 0 ), newline ) );
suffix := " left";
tokens -:= 4;
tokens > 0
DO SKIP OD;
print( ( "I win!", newline ) )
END |
Subsets and Splits
Select Specific Languages Codes
Retrieves specific programming language names and codes from training data, providing basic filtering but limited analytical value beyond identifying these particular languages.