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def single_number(nums: list[int]) -> int: """Returns the only element in `nums` that appears exactly once Better Space than hashtable (O(n/2) = O(n)) - in the worst case everything appears once before encountering duplicates (since we could always delete entries from the hashtable once we enco...
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def get_odd_numbers(num_list: list) -> list: """Returns a list of odd numbers from a list.""" return [num for num in num_list if num % 2 != 0]
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def _get_tissue(x): """ It extracts the tissue name from a filename. """ if x.endswith("-projection"): return x.split("spredixcan-mashr-zscores-")[1].split("-projection")[0] else: return x.split("spredixcan-mashr-zscores-")[1].split("-data")[0]
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def add_dicts_by_key(in_dict1, in_dict2): """ Combines two dictionaries and adds the values for those keys that are shared """ both = {} for key1 in in_dict1: for key2 in in_dict2: if key1 == key2: both[key1] = in_dict1[key1] + in_dict2[key2] return both
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import torch from typing import Tuple def dummy_attention(key: torch.Tensor, query: torch.Tensor, value: torch.Tensor) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]: """ Create a dummy tensor which have the same inputs and outputs to nn.MultiHeadAttention().__call__() A...
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def make_variable_names_with_time_steps(number_of_lags, data_column_names): """ lagged W first, instantaneous W last, i.e., ..., x1_{t-2}, x2_{t-2}, ..., x1_{t-1}, x2_{t-1}, ..., x1_{t}, x2_{t}, ... """ variable_names = [] for i in range(number_of_lags, 0, -1): variable_names_lagged = [...
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def ChromeOSTelemetryRemote(test_config): """Substitutes the correct CrOS remote Telemetry arguments. VMs use a hard-coded remote address and port, while physical hardware use a magic hostname. Args: test_config: A dict containing a configuration for a specific test on a specific builder. """ ...
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def setSourcesCategories(df): """ Return the DataFrame df with a renamed columns. The renaming axes set the source's name to its category, i.e Road traffic → Vehicular VEH → Vehicular Secondary bio → Secondary_bio BB → Bio_burning Biomass burning → Bio_burning ...
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def class_partition(cls, string): """Given a set of characters and a string, take the longest prefix made up of the characters in the set, and return a tuple of (prefix, remainder). """ ns = string.lstrip(cls) lc = len(string) - len(ns) return (string[:lc], string[lc:])
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import requests import json def shakespeare_api(text): """ Shakespeare API function to retrieve the translation. """ api_params = {"text" : text} response = requests.post('https://api.funtranslations.com/translate/shakespeare.json', data=api_params) # headers=headers, data=data # Check for e...
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def _convert_to_bool(value): """ If the value is `true` or `false`, return the boolean equivalent form of the value. This method is case insensitive. :param value: the string value :type value: str :return: the string value or the boolean value :rtype: str or bool """ if isinstance(...
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def decode_response_version_from_config(confbytes: bytes) -> str: """Decode the string version from the bytearray response from Ledger device""" return "{}.{}.{}".format( confbytes[1], confbytes[2], confbytes[3], )
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import string import secrets def generate_password(pass_len): """Creating a password of the specified length. """ chars_set = string.ascii_letters + string.digits return ''.join(secrets.choice(chars_set) for _ in range(pass_len))
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def area_to_capacity(statistical_roof_model_area_based, power_density_flat, power_density_tilted): """Maps area shares to capacity shares of statistical roof model. The statistical roof model defines roof categories (e.g. south-facing with tilt 10°) and their shares in a population of roofs. This function ...
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def getadjacent(graph, vertex): """ vertex is the node indexnumber i.e 1, 2, 3, ... or 8 and returns all adjacent nodes For example: getadjacent(1) -> [2, 4, 6] getadjacent(2) -> [1, 3, 7] getadjacent(3) -> [2, 4, 8] .... """ nodes = [...
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import pathlib def _profile_avatar_upload_path(instance, filename): """Provides a clean upload path for user avatar images """ file_extension = pathlib.Path(filename).suffix return f'avatars/profiles/{instance.user.username}{file_extension}'
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def force_list(obj): """Force object to be a list. If ``obj`` is a scalar value then a list with that value as sole element is returned, or if ``obj`` is a tuple then it is coerced into a list. """ if isinstance(obj, tuple): return list(obj) elif not isinstance(obj, list): ...
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def is_casava_v180_or_later(header_line): """Check if the header looks like it is Illumina software post-casava v1.8 Parameters ---------- header_line : bytes A header line Returns ------- bool ``True`` for if casava v1.8+, otherwise ``False`` Examples -------- ...
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def get_instance_pci_devs(inst, request_id=None): """Get the devices allocated to one or all requests for an instance. - For generic PCI request, the request id is None. - For sr-iov networking, the request id is a valid uuid - There are a couple of cases where all the PCI devices allocated to an ...
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def arity(argspec): """ Determinal positional arity of argspec.""" args = argspec.args if argspec.args else [] defaults = argspec.defaults if argspec.defaults else [] return len(args) - len(defaults)
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import time def timestamp(dt): """ Return a timestamp for a local, naive datetime instance. """ try: return dt.timestamp() except AttributeError: # Python 3.2 and earlier return time.mktime(dt.timetuple())
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import re def potcar_eatom_list_from_outcar( filename='OUTCAR' ): """ Returns a list of EATOM values for the pseudopotentials used. Args: filename (Str, optional): OUTCAR filename. Defaults to 'OUTCAR'. Returns: (List(Float)): A list of EATOM values, in the order they appear in the O...
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def _attrs_to_tuple(obj, attrs): """ Create a tuple of all values of *obj*'s *attrs*. """ return tuple(getattr(obj, a.name) for a in attrs)
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import requests def genderize(first_name): """ Use genderize.io to return a dictionary with the result of the probability of a first name being of a man or a woman. Example: {'count': 5856, 'gender': 'male', 'name': 'Alex', 'probability': '0.87'} Parameters ...
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def make_id_filter(pdb_ids, pdb_chains): """ Generate a dataset filter only allowing specific PDB ID/Chains. Parameters ---------- pdb_ids : list List of PDB IDs to accept. pdb_chains : list List of PDB chains corresponding to the IDs in `pdb_ids`. Returns ------- ...
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import torch def top_n_probs(predictions, k): """Get the top k, then remove all that are less than .75x as high probability as the most probable""" # Get the top k topk_probs, topk_indices = torch.topk(predictions, k) # Filter the top three to be only those that are at least .75x as likely as top1 ...
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def settings_outside_clinical_bounds(cir, isf, sbr): """ Identifies whether any of the settings are outside clinical bounds (based on medical advisory) Parameters ---------- cir: float carb to insulin ratio for the particular scenario isf: float insulin sensitivity factor for t...
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def encode_one_hot(target, num_classes): """Encode integer labels into one-hot vectors Args: target (torch.Tensor): (N,) num_classes (int): the number of classes Returns: torch.FloatTensor: (N, C) """ one_hot = target.new_zeros(target.size(0), num_classes) one_hot = on...
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def compact(src): """Return a list of only truthy values in src.""" return [i for i in src if i]
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def _find_matching_edge(edge, graph): """ Retrieve an edge matching the edge inserted from the graph. :param edge: The edge to find. :param graph: The graph to find it in. :return: The edge including attributes. """ edges_data = graph.out_edges([edge[0]], data=True) edges = [edge_data[0:...
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import re def is_email(email: str, only: bool = False) -> bool: """ check whether a string is a valid email address :param email: the string to be checked :param only: indicate whether to allow mailto: at the beginning :return: True if a valid email, False otherwise """ if type(email) is n...
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from pathlib import Path def get_file_path(*, basedir, uid, suffix): """ Generates a standardised internal file path """ uid = str(uid) return Path(basedir) / uid[:2] / str(uid + suffix)
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def clean_popest(table): """Cleans the population estimate data""" return table[["Code", "All ages"]].rename( columns={"Code": "geo_code", "All ages": "pop_2020"} )
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def is_fixed_variable(config, variable): """Determine if a variable is listed in in the config as fixed. Args: config (dict): Configuration dictionary variable (str): Variable name. Returns: bool: True if fixed, False otherwise. """ return variable in config['fixed_variable...
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def strip_enclosing_quotes(string: str) -> str: """Strip leading/trailing whitespace and remove any enclosing quotes""" stripped = string.strip() # Need to check double quotes again in case they're nested inside # single quotes for quote in ['"', "'", '"']: if stripped.startswith(quote) and...
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def _covering_blocks(blocks, start, end=None): """Returns the blocks that includes the [start:end] portion.""" if end is None: end = start return [ block for block in blocks if block.start <= start and block.end >= end ]
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def get_doc_offset(offset, document): """ :type offset: list[str] :type document: dict >>> get_doc_offset(['a'], {'a': 4}) 4 >>> get_doc_offset(['a', 'b'], {'a': {'b': 4}}) 4 >>> get_doc_offset(['a'], {}) Traceback (most recent call last): ... KeyError: 'a' """ value...
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async def edit_message(message, new_content): """ Modify a message. Most tests and ``send_message`` return the ``discord.Message`` they sent, which can be used here. **Helper Function** :param discord.Message message: The target message. Must be a ``discord.Message`` :param str new_content: The text to...
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def is_country_in_list(country, names): """Does country have any name from 'names' list among its name/name:en tags of boundary/label. """ return any( any( country[property].get(name_tag) in names for name_tag in ('name', 'name:en') ...
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def apply_headers(response): """Tell receiving app that data is JSON via response header.""" response.headers['content-type'] = 'application/json' return response
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def _safe(key, dic): """Safe call to a dictionary. Returns value or None if key or dictionary does not exist""" return dic[key] if dic and key in dic else None
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def is_nonce_too_low_exception(exception): """check if the error thrown by web3 is a 'nonce too low' error""" if not isinstance(exception, ValueError) or not isinstance(exception.args[0], dict): return False message = exception.args[0].get("message", "") return ( "There is another transa...
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import torch def mulaw_decode(x_mu, quantization_channels, input_int=True): """Adapted from torchaudio https://pytorch.org/audio/functional.html mu_law_encoding Args: x_mu (Tensor): Input tensor quantization_channels (int): Number of channels input_int: Bool True: conver...
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import itertools def create_permutations(length): """ Create the list of permutations for a given length 'length'. This makes combinations of the numbers in the list of 1 through 'length'. (uses 'itertools' library) """ if length == 1: return 1 else: permutations_list = itertools.permu...
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def ipv4_reassembly(frame): """Make data for IPv4 reassembly. Args: frame (pcapkit.protocols.pcap.frame.Frame): PCAP frame. Returns: Tuple[bool, Dict[str, Any]]: A tuple of data for IPv4 reassembly. * If the ``frame`` can be used for IPv4 reassembly. A frame can be reassembled ...
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def get_violating_args(contracts, params_args): """ Get all arguments that violate the contracts. :param contracts: { string: (any) -> bool, ... }, contracts from parameters to qualifiers :param params_args: { string: any, ... }, parameters to arguments :return: { string: any, ... }, parameters to ...
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import inspect def is_class_attr(full_name, index): """Check if the object's parent is a class. Args: full_name: The full name of the object, like `tf.module.symbol`. index: The {full_name:py_object} dictionary for the public API. Returns: True if the object is a class attribute. """ parent_na...
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def split_headers_list(headers): """ Split the headers list into unique elements instead of 1 string. Args: headers (list): headers output from fasta_parser Returns: split_headers (list): headers list split into components. no_chrom (list): all things that are not the chromosome....
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def sparse_batch_mm(m1, m2): """ https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/14489 m1: sparse matrix of size N x M m2: dense matrix of size B x M x K returns m1@m2 matrix of size B x N x K """ batch_size = m2.shape[0] # stack m2 into columns: (B x N x K) -> (N, B, K) -> (N, B * K) m2...
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import re def txt2list(txt_path=None): """ Load txt file and split the sentences into a list of strings """ if txt_path is None: raise ValueError("txt_path must be specified as a named argument! \ E.g. txt_path=../dataset/yourfile.txt") # Read input sequences from .txt file and pu...
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def cumulative_sum(v, cumulative): """ This function is used to output a stream where the n-th value on the output stream is the cumulative sum of the first n values of the input stream. The state of the input stream is cumulative. When used to create a stream, cumulative is the sum of ...
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from datetime import datetime def str_to_datetime(s): """ Parse ISO datetime string and return a datetime object :param str s: date/time string :return: datetime object, None if not a valid date/time string :rtype: datetime.datetime | None """ t = None for fmt in ('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S....
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def pade_21(k, params): """ Pade [2.1] eq.(2) """ l = params[0] a = params[1] b = params[2] a4b2=a*a*a*a + b*b aak2=a*a*k*2 return l*(k*k + aak2 + a4b2) / (a4b2 + aak2)
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def qualify(func: object) -> str: """Qualify a function.""" return ".".join((func.__module__, func.__qualname__))
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def _RemoveClone(name): """Return name up to the ".clone." marker.""" clone_index = name.find('.clone.') if clone_index != -1: return name[:clone_index] return name
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import re def humanize(word): """ Capitalize the first word and turn underscores into spaces and strip a trailing ``"_id"``, if any. Like :func:`titleize`, this is meant for creating pretty output. Examples:: >>> humanize("employee_salary") "Employee salary" >>> humanize(...
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def divisors(n): """Return the integers that evenly divide n. >>> divisors(1) [1] >>> divisors(4) [1, 2] >>> divisors(12) [1, 2, 3, 4, 6] >>> [n for n in range(1, 1000) if sum(divisors(n)) == n] [1, 6, 28, 496] """ return [1] + [x for x in range(2, n) if n % x == 0]
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def word_splits(word, min_reminder=3, max_prefix_length=5): """ Return all splits of a word (taking in account min_reminder and max_prefix_length). """ max_split = min(max_prefix_length, len(word)-min_reminder) split_indexes = range(1, 1+max_split) return [(word[:i], word[i:]) for i in split...
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def read_BED(path, last_col=False): """ This function reads bed files. last_col=True: If an extra column for a score (e.g. replication timing or gene expression) is given This function returns a list of lists with the BED file information and the list of scores. """ if not last_col: Data...
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import re def convert_to_snake_case(value: str) -> str: """ Convert the value from CamelCase to snake_case. Regex from: https://github.com/jpvanhal/inflection/blob/0.5.1/inflection/__init__.py#L397 """ value = re.sub(r"([A-Z]+)([A-Z][a-z])", r"\1_\2", value) value = re.sub(r"([a-z\d])([A-Z])"...
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def getclosest_ij(lats,lons,latpt,lonpt): """Function to find the index of the closest point to a certain lon/lat value.""" dist_sq = (lats-latpt)**2 + (lons-lonpt)**2 # find squared distance of every point on grid minindex_flattened = dist_sq.argmin() #return np.unravel_index(mini...
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import yaml def loadfile(f): """Loads a YAML file containing several documents into a list of objects :param f: string containing the path to the file to load :return: list of loaded objects """ try: return list(yaml.safe_load_all(open(f))) except Exception as e: print('Except...
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def create_outname(options): """ Creates filename for the output GTF that reflects the input options that were used. """ outname = options.outprefix + "_talon_abundance" if options.whitelist != None: outname = "_".join([ outname, "filtered" ]) outname += ".tsv" return outname
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def radio_button_message(n_clicks, value): """ Function that returns a message when the user selects a radio button. Args: n_clicks: Number of clicks registered by the submit button. value: The radio button option selected by the user. Returns: A message to the user as a respo...
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def round(addr: int, align: int, up: bool = False) -> int: """Round an address up or down based on an alignment. Args: addr: the address align: the alignment value up: Whether to round up or not Returns: The aligned address """ if addr % align == 0: return ...
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import base64 import zlib def compress_text_to_b64(text): """Returns a compressed and b64 encoded string """ if isinstance(text, str): text = text.encode() return base64.b64encode(zlib.compress(text))
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def produceLTLStringMeaning(name, props_list): """ Produces a natural language explanation of the LTL :param name: a string specifying the LTL template name :param props_list: a list of list of strings indicating the propositions :return: a string of natural language meaning of the LTL """ ...
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def _ag_checksum(data): """ Compute a telegram checksum. """ sum = 0 for c in data: sum ^= c return sum
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import struct def _decode_short(data): """Decodes two bytes of network data into an unsigned short.""" return struct.unpack('!H', data)[0]
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def obtener_medallas_de_atleta(atletas: list, anio_0: int, anio_f: int, nombre_atleta: str) -> list: """ Función que genera una lista de las medallas de un atleta en cierto período de tiempo definido. Parámetros: atletas: list de diccionarios con la información de cada atleta. anio_0: int añ...
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def _get_test_methods(test_case_name, test_class_map): """Takes ``test_class_map`` or ``skip_class_map`` and returns the list of methods for the test case or ``None`` if no methods were specified for it :param test_case_name: Name of the test case to check :param test_class_map: Dictionary mapping test...
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def _input_V_calcs(input_V, A2, rho_amp): """Get the effective preamp input noise current (ENI) and the output noise voltage from the noise voltage at the preamp input. :return: output voltage, effective input current (ENI) """ output_V = A2 * input_V eni = input_V / rho_amp return output_...
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import torch def _construct_empty_index(array: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor: """ Constructs an empty array of indexes the same shape as ``array``. Args: array: The array to construct indexes for. """ temp = torch.arange(array.shape[-1], device=array.device) return temp * torch.ones_...
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import typing def check_key_type(key: typing.Union[str, bytes]): """ Enforce the type of the key to bytes. Parameters ---------- key: str | bytes The key to check Returns ------- str The key as bytes """ if isinstance(key, bytes): return key return...
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def anticodon(data): """ Get the anticodon of this entry. """ return data["metadata"]["anticodon"]
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def generate_Q_data(Q): """ 問題のテキストデータを生成する。改行コードはCR+LFとする。 Parameters ========== Q : tuple read_Q()の返り値 Returns ======= txt : str 問題のテキストデータ """ crlf = '\r\n' # DOSの改行コード size, block_num, block_size, block_data, block_type, num_lines = Q txt = 'SIZE %d...
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def count(array): """ Returns the count of items in a in the list, dictionary or tuple. This is a wrapper for the PHP count() function that returns the count of items in an array. Parameters: array (list, dict, tuple): A list or a dictionary or a tuple. Returns: int: Count of the items. ...
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def PadBytes(byte_string, n): """Prepend a byte string with n zero bytes.""" return n * '\x00' + byte_string
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def sum_multiples(ceiling, *factors): """Find the sum of all multiples of the provided factors below the ceiling.""" multiples = [] for number in range(ceiling): for factor in factors: # Check if the current number is a multiple of the current factor. if number % factor == 0...
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def parse_sample_ids(sampleidfile): """ Read the sample ID file and return a hash of SRS to list of SRR (SRS->[SRR]) """ srs={} with open(sampleidfile, 'r') as f: for l in f: p=l.strip().split("\t") if p[1] not in srs: srs[p[1]]=[] srs...
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def compute_spike_rate(spikes): """Estimate spike rate from a vector of spike times, in seconds. Parameters ---------- spikes : 1d array Spike times, in seconds. Returns ------- float Average firing rate. Examples -------- Compute spike rate of 6 spikes >>...
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def multi_dict(input_pairs): """ Similar to casting pairs to a dictionary, except that repeated pairs are allowed. To show the difference: >>> dict( [('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('a', 3)] ) {'a': 3, 'b': 2} >>> multi_dict( [('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('a', 3)] ) {'a': [1, 3], 'b': [2]} ...
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def z2a(z): """ converts from redshift to scale factor """ return 1.0 / (1.0 + z)
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def dmarc_find_organizational_domain(domain, public_suffix_list): """ Find the organizational domain of the given domain. Uses mainly the algorithm found at https://publicsuffix.org/list/ to get the organizational domain. Could return "" if none is found. """ # The algorithm could be more elab...
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def make_row(row, lens): """Create a single row for an ascii table.""" cells = ('{row:<{len}}'.format(row=str(row[i]), len=lens[i]) for i in range(len(row))) return ' {0} '.format(' '.join(cells))
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def generate_labels_frii(train_i, test_i, labels): """Gets train and test labels for FRII vs Random classification. # Arguments train_i: Training indices. Output of get_random_data function. Shape of [samples,]. test_i: Testing indices. Output of get_random_data function. Shape o...
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def format_avg_time(value): """ Formats a (hour, minute) tuple to 'hour:minute' string. """ if not isinstance(value, tuple): return value if value is not None else '' hour, minute = value if hour is None or minute is None: return '' return '{:02}:{:02}'.format(hour, minute...
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def get_data_mod(data_type, data_name): """Get the pythondata-{}-{} module or raise a useful error message.""" imp = "import pythondata_{}_{} as dm".format(data_type, data_name) try: l = {} exec(imp, {}, l) dm = l['dm'] return dm except ImportError as e: raise Imp...
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def recursive_levenshtein(string_1, string_2, len_1=None, len_2=None, offset_1=0, offset_2=0, memo=None) -> float: """ Calculates the Levenshtein distance between two strings. Usage:: >>> recursive_levenshtein('kitten', 'sitting') 3 >>> recursive_levenshtein('kitten', 'kitten') ...
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from pathlib import Path from typing import List def get_acqui_id(mpath: Path, cam_folders: List[str], sync_folder: str) -> List[str]: """ Return the names of all acqusition ids within sync_dir across both camera's Parameters ---------- mpath : Path The parent micasense data directory...
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def label_clusters(target): """ This function will change the cluster labels from numbers to the predetermined text labels. Parameters: target: The dataset target labels. Returns: target: The transformed dataset target labels. """ target['Target'] = target['Target'].apply(lambda x:...
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def attr_superclass(type_, subname=''): """An `attr.s` validator for asserting the superclass of a value. Args: * type_ (object) - The python type object to validate `value` is a subclass of. * subname (str) - Some sub-element of attrib.name; e.g. if checking a dictionary key, this might be ' k...
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import yaml def getfiles2dirs(files2dirs): """Returns dictionary (mapping files to destination directories) from YAML file.""" with open(files2dirs) as yamlfile: config = yaml.safe_load(yamlfile) return config
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def fixture_localhost(aiida_localhost): """Return a localhost ``Computer``.""" localhost = aiida_localhost localhost.set_default_mpiprocs_per_machine(1) return localhost
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def cm2pt(cm=1): """2.54cm => 72pt (1 inch)""" return float(cm) * 72.0 / 2.54
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def define_a_plot_name(plot_idx): """Define unique plot name""" return f"PP" + str(plot_idx).zfill(8)
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def split_comma_list(comma_str: str): """ Split a comma-separated list of values, stripping whitespace """ return [item.strip() for item in comma_str.split(',')]
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from typing import Counter import math def conditional_entropy(x_symbols, y_symbols): """ Computes the entropy of `x` given `y`. :param list x_symbols: A list of all observed `x` symbols. :param list y_symbols: A list of all observed `y` symbols. :return float entropy: The conditional entropy of...
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def merge_two_dicts(x, y): """ Merges 2 dictionary. Overrides values from x with values from y, if key is the same. Needed for Python < 3.5 See: https://stackoverflow.com/a/26853961 :param x: :param y: :return: """ z = x.copy() # start with x's keys and values z.update(y)...
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def getStations(station = ''): """ Define SPARQL query to return a list of all known stations at the Carbon Portal. This can include NON-ICOS stations. Note: excluding WDGCC stations ( https://gaw.kishou.go.jp/ ), which are visible in the data portal for historic reasons. Parameters --------...
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