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Energy engineering | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_engineering | Energy engineering is a multidisciplinary field of engineering that focuses on optimizing energy systems, developing renewable energy technologies, and improving energy efficiency to meet the world's growing demand for energy in a sustainable manner. It encompasses areas such as energy harvesting and storage, energy co... |
Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_reduction_of_carbon_dioxide | The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide, also known as CO2RR, is the conversion of carbon dioxide(CO2)to more reduced chemical species using electrical energy. It represents one potential step in the broad scheme of carbon capture and utilization.
CO2RR can produce diverse compounds including formate(HCOO), car... |
Electrochemical energy conversion | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_energy_conversion | Electrochemical energy conversion is a field of energy technology concerned with electrochemical methods of energy conversion including fuel cells and photoelectrochemical. This field of technology also includes electrical storage devices like batteries and supercapacitors. It is increasingly important in context of au... |
Hager Group | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hager_Group | Hager Group is a manufacturer of electrical installations in residential, commercial and industrial buildings based in Blieskastel, Germany. The company has been family-run and owned ever since its foundation in 1955.
Hager Group provides products and services ranging from energy distribution and cable management to in... |
Hydrogen evolution reaction | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_evolution_reaction | Hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is a chemical reaction that yields H2. The conversion of protons to H2 requires reducing equivalents and usually a catalyst. In nature, HER is catalyzed by hydrogenase enzymes which rely on iron-and nickel-based catalysts. Commercial electrolyzers typically employ supported nickel-based ... |
Industrial Assessment Center | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Assessment_Center | There are 31 Industrial Assessment Centers in the United States as of June 2021. These centers are located at universities across the US, and are funded by the United States Department of Energy(DOE)to spread ideas relating to industrial energy conservation.
The centers conduct research into energy conservation techniq... |
NextGenPower | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NextGenPower | NextGenPower is an integrated project which aims to demonstrate new alloys and coatings in boiler, turbine and interconnecting pipework. The concept of NextGenPower is to perform innovative demonstrations that will significantly contribute to the EU target to increase the efficiency in existing and new build pulverized... |
Wind engineering | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_engineering | Wind engineering is a subset of mechanical engineering, structural engineering, meteorology, and applied physics that analyzes the effects of wind in the natural and the built environment and studies the possible damage, inconvenience or benefits which may result from wind. In the field of engineering it includes stron... |
Desander | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desander | Desanders and desilters are solid control equipment with a set of hydrocyclones that separate sand and silt from the drilling fluids in drilling rigs. Desanders are installed on top of the mud tank following the shale shaker and the degasser, but before the desilter. The desander removes the abrasive solids from the dr... |
Miller and Lents | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller_and_Lents | Miller and Mochen, Ltd. is a petroleum consulting company based in Houston, Texas. The firm provides services including reserves certifications, audits, and independent evaluations. They prepare evaluations according to the standards of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission(SEC)Regulation S-X and the Pet... |
Apparent viscosity | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apparent_viscosity | In fluid mechanics, apparent viscosity(sometimes denoted)is the shear stress applied to a fluid divided by the shear rate:={\displaystyle \eta={\frac{\tau}{\dot{\gamma}}}}For a Newtonian fluid, the apparent viscosity is constant, and equal to the Newtonian viscosity of the fluid, but for non-Newtonian fluids, the appar... |
Squeeze job | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squeeze_job | Squeeze job, or squeeze cementing is a term often used in the oilfield to describe the process of injecting cement slurry into a zone, generally for pressure-isolation purposes. Background
The term probably originated from the concept that enough water is "squeezed" out of the slurry to render it unflowable, so the por... |
Dipmeter Advisor | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipmeter_Advisor | The Dipmeter Advisor was an early expert system developed in the 1980s by Schlumberger with the help of artificial-intelligence workers at MIT to aid in the analysis of data gathered during oil exploration. The Advisor was generally not merely an inference engine and a knowledge base of ~90 rules, but generally was a f... |
Integrated operations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_operations | In the petroleum industry, Integrated operations(IO)refers to the integration of people, disciplines, organizations, work processes and information and communication technology to make smarter decisions. In short, IO is collaboration with focus on production. Contents of the term
The most striking part of IO has been t... |
Petroleum production engineering | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum_production_engineering | Petroleum production engineering is a subset of petroleum engineering.
Petroleum production engineers design and select subsurface equipment to produce oil and gas well fluids. They often are degreed as petroleum engineers, although they may come from other technical disciplines(e.g., mechanical engineering, chemical e... |
Pipe rack | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipe_rack | Structural steel pipe racks typically support pipes, power cables and instrument cable trays in petrochemical, chemical and power plants. Occasionally, pipe racks may also support mechanical equipment, vessels and valve access platforms. Main pipe racks generally transfer material between equipment and storage or utili... |
Marsh funnel | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsh_funnel | The Marsh funnel is a simple device for measuring viscosity by observing the time it takes a known volume of liquid to flow from a cone through a short tube. It is standardized for use by mud engineers to check the quality of drilling mud. Other cones with different geometries and orifice arrangements are called flow c... |
Leverett J-function | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leverett_J-function | In petroleum engineering, the Leverett J-function is a dimensionless function of water saturation describing the capillary pressure, J(S w)=p c(S w)k/cos{\displaystyle J(S_{w})={\frac{p_{c}(S_{w}){\sqrt{k/\phi}}}{\gamma \cos \theta}}}where S w{\displaystyle S_{w}}is the water saturation measured as a fraction, p c{\dis... |
Integrated asset modelling | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_asset_modelling | Integrated asset modelling(IAM)is the generic term used in the oil industry for computer modelling of both the subsurface and the surface elements of a field development. Historically the reservoir has always been modelled separately from the surface network and the facilities. In order to capture the interaction betwe... |
Slickline | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slickline | Slickline refers to a single strand wire which is used to run a variety of tools down into the wellbore for several purposes. It is used during well drilling operations in the oil and gas industry. In general, it can also describe a niche of the industry that involves using a slickline truck or doing a slickline job. S... |
Estimated pore pressure | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estimated_pore_pressure | Estimated pore pressure, as used in the oil industry and mud logging, is an approximation of the amount of force that is being exerted into the borehole by fluids or gases within the formation that has been penetrated.
In the oil industry, estimated pore pressure is measured in pounds per square inch(psi), but is conve... |
Flow line | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_line | A flow line, used on a drilling rig, is a large diameter pipe(typically a section of casing)that is connected to the bell nipple(under the drill floor)and extends to the possum belly(on the mud tanks)and acts as a return line(for the drilling fluid as it comes out of the hole), to the mud. Possum Belly
The possum belly... |
Pore pressure gradient | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pore_pressure_gradient | Pore pressure gradient is a dimensional petrophysical term used by drilling engineers and mud engineers during the design of drilling programs for drilling(constructing)oil and gas wells into the earth. It is the pressure gradient inside the pore space of the rock column from the surface of the ground down to the total... |
Top drive | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_drive | A top drive is a mechanical device on a drilling rig that provides clockwise torque to the drill string to drill a borehole. It is an alternative to the rotary table and kelly drive. It is located at the swivel's place below the traveling block and moves vertically up and down the derrick. Benefits
The top drive allows... |
Demand factor | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demand_factor | In telecommunications, electronics and the electrical power industry, the term demand factor is used to refer to the fractional amount of some quantity being used relative to the maximum amount that could be used by the same system. The demand factor is always less than or equal to one. As the amount of demand is a tim... |
Power-to-X | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power-to-X | Power-to-X(also P2X and P2Y)are electricity conversion, energy storage, and reconversion pathways from surplus renewable energy. Power-to-X conversion technologies allow for the decoupling of power from the electricity sector for use in other sectors(such as transport or chemicals), possibly using power that has been p... |
Stodola's cone law | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stodola%27s_cone_law | The Law of the Ellipse, or Stodola's cone law, is a method for calculating highly nonlinear dependence of extraction pressures with a flow for multistage turbine with high backpressure, when the turbine nozzles are not choked. It is important in turbine off-design calculations. Description
Stodola's cone law, consider ... |
Turbine | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbine | A turbine(or)(from the Greek , tyrb, or Latin turbo, meaning vortex)is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. The work produced can be used for generating electrical power when combined with a generator. A turbine is a turbomachine with at least one moving pa... |
Shading coil | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shading_coil | A shading coil or shading ring(Also called Frager spire or Frager coil)is one or more turns of electrical conductor(usually copper or aluminum)located in the face of the magnet assembly or armature of an alternating current solenoid. The alternating current in the energized primary coil induces an alternating current i... |
Power Engineering (magazine) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_Engineering_(magazine) | Power Engineering is a monthly magazine dedicated to professionals in the field of power engineering and power generation. Articles are focused on new developments in power plant design, construction and operation in North America.
Power Engineering was published by PennWell Corporation, the largest U.S. publisher of e... |
Power system protection | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_system_protection | Power system protection is a branch of electrical power engineering that deals with the protection of electrical power systems from faults through the disconnection of faulted parts from the rest of the electrical network. The objective of a protection scheme is to keep the power system stable by isolating only the com... |
Cheng cycle | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheng_cycle | The Cheng cycle is a thermodynamic cycle which uses a combination of two working fluids, one gas and one steam. It can therefore be considered a combination of the Brayton cycle and the Rankine cycle. It was named for Dr. Dah Yu Cheng.
The company founded by Dr. Cheng has developed systems in partnership with both GM a... |
Generation expansion planning | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generation_expansion_planning | Generation expansion planning(also known as GEP)is finding an optimal solution for the planning problem in which the installation of new generation units satisfies both technical and financial limits. GEP is a challenging problem because of the large scale, long-term and nonlinear nature of generation unit size. Due to... |
Flexible AC transmission system | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexible_AC_transmission_system | In electrical engineering, a flexible alternating current transmission system(FACTS)is a family of power-electronic based devices designed for use on an alternating current(AC)transmission system to improve and control power flow and support voltage. FACTS devices are alternatives to traditional electric grid solutions... |
Power engineering software | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_engineering_software | Power engineering software is a software used to create models, analyze or calculate the design of Power stations, Overhead power lines, Transmission towers, Electrical grids, Grounding and Lightning systems and others. It is a type of application software used for power engineering problems which are transformed into ... |
Grid oscillation | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_oscillation | The grid oscillations are oscillations in an electric grid manifesting themselves in low-frequency(mostly below 1 Hz)periodic changes of the power flow. These oscillations are a natural effect of negative feedback used in the power system control algorithms. During the normal operation of the power grid, these oscillat... |
Power-flow study | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power-flow_study | In power engineering, a power-flow study(also known as power-flow analysis or load-flow study)is a numerical analysis of the flow of electric power in an interconnected system. A power-flow study usually uses simplified notations such as a one-line diagram and per-unit system, and focuses on various aspects of AC power... |
Voltage sag | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage_sag | A voltage sag(U.S. English)or voltage dip(British English)is a short-duration reduction in the voltage of an electric power distribution system. It can be caused by high current demand such as inrush current(starting of electric motors, transformers, heaters, power supplies)or fault current(overload or short circuit)el... |
Active power filter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_power_filter | Active power filters(APF)are filters, which can perform the job of harmonic elimination. Active power filters can be used to filter out harmonics in the power system which are significantly below the switching frequency of the filter. The active power filters are used to filter out both higher and lower order harmonics... |
Grounding transformer | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grounding_transformer | A grounding transformer or earthing transformer is a type of auxiliary transformer used in three-phase electric power systems to provide a ground path to either an ungrounded wye or a delta-connected system. Grounding transformers are part of an earthing system of the network. They let three-phase(delta connected)syste... |
Centrifugal pump | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_pump | Centrifugal pumps are used to transport fluids by the conversion of rotational kinetic energy to the hydrodynamic energy of the fluid flow. The rotational energy typically comes from an engine or electric motor. They are a sub-class of dynamic axisymmetric work-absorbing turbomachinery. The fluid enters the pump impell... |
Stationary engineer | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stationary_engineer | A stationary engineer(also called an operating engineer, power engineer or process operator)is a technically trained professional who operates, troubleshoots and oversees industrial machinery and equipment that provide and utilize energy in various forms.
The title "power engineer" has different meanings in the United ... |
Barra system | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barra_system | The Barra system is a passive solar building technology developed by Horazio Barra in Italy. It uses a collector wall to capture solar radiation in the form of heat. It also uses the thermosiphon effect to distribute the warmed air through channels incorporated into the reinforced concrete floors, warming the floors an... |
Sun path | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_path | Sun path, sometimes also called day arc, refers to the daily(sunrise to sunset)and seasonal arc-like path that the Sun appears to follow across the sky as the Earth rotates and orbits the Sun. The Sun's path affects the length of daytime experienced and amount of daylight received along a certain latitude during a give... |
Sonnenschiff | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonnenschiff | Sonnenschiff(lit. 'sun ship')is a large integrated office and retail building in Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany. It was built in 2004 in the city's Vauban quarter as part of the Solar Settlement at Schlierberg. Sonnenschiff was designed by the architect Rolf Disch(who also built the Heliotrope building)and generates fou... |
Curtis House, Rickmansworth | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtis_House,_Rickmansworth | The Curtis House, Rickmansworth was the first solar house constructed in the United Kingdom. The house, in Rickmansworth, England, was built in 1956 by British architect Edward Curtis, for his own occupation. References
External links
"Dream House"-British Pathe film on YouTube showing the house |
Villa Girasole | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa_Girasole | The Villa Girasole(il girasole meaning the sunflower in Italian)is a house constructed in the 1930s in Marcellise, northern Italy, near Verona. The conception of architect Angelo Invernizzi, the Girasole rotates to follow the sun as it moves, just as a sunflower opens up and turns to follow the sun. This is how the uni... |
PlusEnergy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-plus_building | An energy-plus building(also called: plus energy building, plus-energy house, efficiency-plus house)produces more energy from renewable energy sources, over the course of a year, than it imports from external sources. This is achieved using a combination of microgeneration technology and low-energy building techniques,... |
Passive cooling | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_cooling | Passive cooling is a building design approach that focuses on heat gain control and heat dissipation in a building in order to improve the indoor thermal comfort with low or no energy consumption. This approach works either by preventing heat from entering the interior(heat gain prevention)or by removing heat from the ... |
Helsinki Central Library Oodi | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_Central_Library_Oodi | The Helsinki Central Library Oodi(Finnish: Helsingin keskustakirjasto Oodi; Swedish: Helsingfors centrumbibliotek Ode), commonly referred to as Oodi(lit. 'ode'), is a public library in Helsinki, Finland. The library is situated in the Kluuvi district, close to Helsinki Central Station and next to Helsinki Music Centre ... |
Solar Settlement at Schlierberg | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_Settlement_at_Schlierberg | The Solar Settlement at Schlierberg(German: Solarsiedlung am Schlierberg)is a 59-home PlusEnergy housing community in Freiburg, Germany. Solar architect Rolf Disch wanted to apply his PlusEnergy concept, created originally with his Heliotrope home, to mass residential production. The residential complex won awards, inc... |
Passive solar building design | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_solar_building_design | In passive solar building design, windows, walls, and floors are made to collect, store, reflect, and distribute solar energy, in the form of heat in the winter and reject solar heat in the summer. This is called passive solar design because, unlike active solar heating systems, it does not involve the use of mechanica... |
Mahoney tables | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahoney_tables | The Mahoney tables are a set of reference tables used in architecture, used as a guide to climate-appropriate design. They are named after architect Carl Mahoney, who worked on them together with John Martin Evans, and Otto Knigsberger. They were first published in 1971 by the United Nations Department of Economic and ... |
Heliotrope (building) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliotrope_(building) | The Heliotrope is an environmentally friendly housing project by German architect Rolf Disch. There are three such buildings in Germany. The first experimental version was built in 1994 as the architect's home in Freiburg im Breisgau, while the other two were used as exhibition buildings for the Hansgrohe company in Of... |
Smart glass | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_glass | Smart glass, also known as switchable glass, dynamic glass, and smart-tinting glass, is a type of glass that can change its optical properties, becoming opaque or tinted, in response to electrical or thermal signals. This can be used to prevent sunlight and heat from entering a building during hot days, improving energ... |
Sunroom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunroom | A sunroom, also frequently called a solarium(and sometimes a "Florida room", "garden conservatory", "garden room", "patio room", "sun parlor", "sun porch", "three season room" or "winter garden"), is a room that permits abundant daylight and views of the landscape while sheltering from adverse weather. Sunroom and sola... |
Light tube | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_tube | Light tubes(also known as solar pipes, tubular skylights or sun tunnels)are structures that transmit or distribute natural or artificial light for the purpose of illumination and are examples of optical waveguides.
In their application to daylighting, they are also often called tubular daylighting devices, sun pipes, s... |
Passive daytime radiative cooling | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_daytime_radiative_cooling | Passive daytime radiative cooling(PDRC)(also passive radiative cooling, daytime passive radiative cooling, radiative sky cooling, photonic radiative cooling, and terrestrial radiative cooling)is the use of unpowered, reflective/thermally-emissive surfaces to lower the temperature of a building or other object.
It has b... |
Drake Landing Solar Community | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drake_Landing_Solar_Community | The Drake Landing Solar Community(DLSC)is a planned community in Okotoks, Alberta, Canada, equipped with a central solar heating system and other energy efficient technologies. This heating system is the first of its kind in North America, although much larger systems have been built in northern Europe. The 52 homes(fe... |
Algebra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebra | Algebra is a branch of mathematics that deals with abstract systems, known as algebraic structures, and the manipulation of expressions within those systems. It is a generalization of arithmetic that introduces variables and algebraic operations other than the standard arithmetic operations, such as addition and multip... |
Outline of algebra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_algebra | Algebra is one of the main branches of mathematics, covering the study of structure, relation and quantity. Algebra studies the effects of adding and multiplying numbers, variables, and polynomials, along with their factorization and determining their roots. In addition to working directly with numbers, algebra also co... |
Timeline of geometry | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_geometry | The following is a timeline of key developments of geometry: Before 1000 BC
ca. 2000 BC Scotland, carved stone balls exhibit a variety of symmetries including all of the symmetries of Platonic solids.
1800 BC Moscow Mathematical Papyrus, findings volume of a frustum
1800 BC Plimpton 322 contains the oldest reference to... |
History of algebra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_algebra | Algebra can essentially be considered as doing computations similar to those of arithmetic but with non-numerical mathematical objects. However, until the 19th century, algebra consisted essentially of the theory of equations. For example, the fundamental theorem of algebra belongs to the theory of equations and is not... |
Rational difference equation | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_difference_equation | A rational difference equation is a nonlinear difference equation of the form x n+1=+i=0 k i x n i A+i=0 k B i x n i ,{\displaystyle x_{n+1}={\frac{\alpha+\sum _{i=0}^{k}\beta _{i}x_{n-i}}{A+\sum _{i=0}^{k}B_{i}x_{n-i}}}~,}where the initial conditions x 0 , x 1 , ... , x k{\displaystyle x_{0},x_{-1},\dots ,x_{-k}}are s... |
Algebraic signal processing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic_signal_processing | Algebraic signal processing(ASP)is an emerging area of theoretical signal processing(SP). In the algebraic theory of signal processing, a set of filters is treated as an(abstract)algebra, a set of signals is treated as a module or vector space, and convolution is treated as an algebra representation. The advantage of a... |
AWM–Microsoft Research Prize in Algebra and Number Theory | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AWM%E2%80%93Microsoft_Research_Prize_in_Algebra_and_Number_Theory | The AWMMicrosoft Research Prize in Algebra and Number Theory and is a prize given every other year by the Association for Women in Mathematics to an outstanding young female researcher in algebra or number theory. It was funded in 2012 by Microsoft Research and first issued in 2014. Winners
Sophie Morel(2014), for her ... |
Berlekamp–Rabin algorithm | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlekamp%E2%80%93Rabin_algorithm | In number theory, Berlekamp's root finding algorithm, also called the BerlekampRabin algorithm, is the probabilistic method of finding roots of polynomials over the field F p{\displaystyle \mathbb{F}_{p}}with p{\displaystyle p}elements. The method was discovered by Elwyn Berlekamp in 1970 as an auxiliary to the algorit... |
Board puzzles with algebra of binary variables | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Board_puzzles_with_algebra_of_binary_variables | Board puzzles with algebra of binary variables ask players to locate the hidden objects based on a set of clue cells and their neighbors marked as variables(unknowns). A variable with value of 1 corresponds to a cell with an object. Conversely, a variable with value of 0 corresponds to an empty cellno hidden object. Ov... |
Bose–Mesner algebra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bose%E2%80%93Mesner_algebra | In mathematics, a BoseMesner algebra is a special set of matrices which arise from a combinatorial structure known as an association scheme, together with the usual set of rules for combining(forming the products of)those matrices, such that they form an associative algebra, or, more precisely, a unitary commutative al... |
Canonical form | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonical_form | In mathematics and computer science, a canonical, normal, or standard form of a mathematical object is a standard way of presenting that object as a mathematical expression. Often, it is one which provides the simplest representation of an object and allows it to be identified in a unique way. The distinction between "... |
Casus irreducibilis | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casus_irreducibilis | Casus irreducibilis(from Latin 'the irreducible case')is the name given by mathematicians of the 16th century to cubic equations that cannot be solved in terms of real radicals, that is to those equations such that the computation of the solutions cannot be reduced to the computation of square and cube roots.
Cardano's... |
Closed-form expression | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed-form_expression | In mathematics, an expression or equation is in closed form if it is formed with constants, variables, and a set of functions considered as basic and connected by arithmetic operations(+, , ,/, and integer powers)and function composition. Commonly, the basic functions that are allowed in closed forms are nth root, expo... |
Coefficient | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coefficient | In mathematics, a coefficient is a multiplicative factor involved in some term of a polynomial, a series, or any other type of expression. It may be a number without units, in which case it is known as a numerical factor. It may also be a constant with units of measurement, in which it is known as a constant multiplier... |
Cole Prize | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cole_Prize | The Frank Nelson Cole Prize, or Cole Prize for short, is one of twenty-two prizes awarded to mathematicians by the American Mathematical Society, one for an outstanding contribution to algebra, and the other for an outstanding contribution to number theory. The prize is named after Frank Nelson Cole, who served the Soc... |
Conservation form | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_form | Conservation form or Eulerian form refers to an arrangement of an equation or system of equations, usually representing a hyperbolic system, that emphasizes that a property represented is conserved, i.e. a type of continuity equation. The term is usually used in the context of continuum mechanics. General form
Equation... |
Consistent and inconsistent equations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consistent_and_inconsistent_equations | In mathematics and particularly in algebra, a system of equations(either linear or nonlinear)is called consistent if there is at least one set of values for the unknowns that satisfies each equation in the systemthat is, when substituted into each of the equations, they make each equation hold true as an identity. In c... |
Constant (mathematics) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constant_(mathematics) | In mathematics, the word constant conveys multiple meanings. As an adjective, it refers to non-variance(i.e. unchanging with respect to some other value); as a noun, it has two different meanings: A fixed and well-defined number or other non-changing mathematical object, or the symbol denoting it. The terms mathematica... |
Cyclotomic polynomial | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclotomic_polynomial | In mathematics, the nth cyclotomic polynomial, for any positive integer n, is the unique irreducible polynomial with integer coefficients that is a divisor of x n 1{\displaystyle x^{n}-1}and is not a divisor of x k 1{\displaystyle x^{k}-1}for any k < n. Its roots are all nth primitive roots of unity e 2 i k n{\displays... |
Digital root | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_root | The digital root(also repeated digital sum)of a natural number in a given radix is the(single digit)value obtained by an iterative process of summing digits, on each iteration using the result from the previous iteration to compute a digit sum. The process continues until a single-digit number is reached. For example, ... |
Elementary algebra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_algebra | Elementary algebra, also known as high school algebra or college algebra, encompasses the basic concepts of algebra. It is often contrasted with arithmetic: arithmetic deals with specified numbers, whilst algebra introduces variables(quantities without fixed values).
This use of variables entails use of algebraic notat... |
Equivalence class | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_class | In mathematics, when the elements of some set S{\displaystyle S}have a notion of equivalence(formalized as an equivalence relation), then one may naturally split the set S{\displaystyle S}into equivalence classes. These equivalence classes are constructed so that elements a{\displaystyle a}and b{\displaystyle b}belong ... |
Euler's totient function | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler%27s_totient_function | In number theory, Euler's totient function counts the positive integers up to a given integer n that are relatively prime to n. It is written using the Greek letter phi as(n){\displaystyle \varphi(n)}or(n){\displaystyle \phi(n)}, and may also be called Euler's phi function. In other words, it is the number of integers ... |
Factorization of polynomials over finite fields | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorization_of_polynomials_over_finite_fields | In mathematics and computer algebra the factorization of a polynomial consists of decomposing it into a product of irreducible factors. This decomposition is theoretically possible and is unique for polynomials with coefficients in any field, but rather strong restrictions on the field of the coefficients are needed to... |
Generalized arithmetic progression | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized_arithmetic_progression | In mathematics, a generalized arithmetic progression(or multiple arithmetic progression)is a generalization of an arithmetic progression equipped with multiple common differences whereas an arithmetic progression is generated by a single common difference, a generalized arithmetic progression can be generated by multip... |
Graph algebra (social sciences) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_algebra_(social_sciences) | Graph algebra is systems-centric modeling tool for the social sciences. It was first developed by Sprague, Pzeworski, and Cortes as a hybridized version of engineering plots to describe social phenomena.==Notes and references== |
Hundred Fowls Problem | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred_Fowls_Problem | The Hundred Fowls Problem is a problem first discussed in the fifth century CE Chinese mathematics text Zhang Qiujian suanjing(The Mathematical Classic of Zhang Qiujian), a book of mathematical problems written by Zhang Qiujian. It is one of the best known examples of indeterminate problems in the early history of math... |
Inverse element | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_element | In mathematics, the concept of an inverse element generalises the concepts of opposite(x)and reciprocal(1/x)of numbers. Given an operation denoted here , and an identity element denoted e, if x y=e, one says that x is a left inverse of y, and that y is a right inverse of x.(An identity element is an element such that x... |
Irreducible polynomial | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreducible_polynomial | In mathematics, an irreducible polynomial is, roughly speaking, a polynomial that cannot be factored into the product of two non-constant polynomials. The property of irreducibility depends on the nature of the coefficients that are accepted for the possible factors, that is, the ring to which the coefficients of the p... |
Kernel (algebra) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_(algebra) | In algebra, the kernel of a homomorphism is the relation describing how elements in the domain of the homomorphism become related in the image. A homomorphism is a function that preserves the underlying algebraic structure in the domain to its image.
When the algebraic structures involved have an underlying group struc... |
Laws of Form | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laws_of_Form | Laws of Form(hereinafter LoF)is a book by G. Spencer-Brown, published in 1969, that straddles the boundary between mathematics and philosophy. LoF describes three distinct logical systems: The primary arithmetic(described in Chapter 4 of LoF), whose models include Boolean arithmetic;
The primary algebra(Chapter 6 of Lo... |
Like terms | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Like_terms | In mathematics, like terms are summands in a sum that differ only by a numerical factor. Like terms can be regrouped by adding their coefficients. Typically, in a polynomial expression, like terms are those that contain the same variables to the same powers, possibly with different coefficients.
More generally, when so... |
Linearly disjoint | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linearly_disjoint | In mathematics, algebras A, B over a field k inside some field extension{\displaystyle \Omega}of k are said to be linearly disjoint over k if the following equivalent conditions are met:(i)The map A k B A B{\displaystyle A\otimes _{k}B\to AB}induced by(x , y)x y{\displaystyle(x,y)\mapsto xy}is injective.(ii)Any k-basis... |
Map algebra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map_algebra | Map algebra is an algebra for manipulating geographic data, primarily fields. Developed by Dr. Dana Tomlin and others in the late 1970s, it is a set of primitive operations in a geographic information system(GIS)which allows one or more raster layers("maps")of similar dimensions to produce a new raster layer(map)using ... |
Matrix factorization of a polynomial | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_factorization_of_a_polynomial | In mathematics, a matrix factorization of a polynomial is a technique for factoring irreducible polynomials with matrices. David Eisenbud proved that every multivariate real-valued polynomial p without linear terms can be written as AB=pI, where A and B are square matrices and I is the identity matrix. Given the polyno... |
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