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[ { "content": "<instructions>\nYou are a customer service agent that helps the user according to the <policy> provided below.\nIn each turn you can either:\n- Send a message to the user.\n- Make a tool call.\nYou cannot do both at the same time.\n\nTry to be helpful and always follow the policy. Always make sure...
[ { "function": { "description": "Book a reservation.", "name": "book_reservation", "parameters": { "properties": { "a": null, "access_token": null, "activate": null, "address1": null, "address2": null, "amount": null, ...
airline_20260108_224508_question_3533
20260108_224508_question_3533
airline_v2_2600
airline
airline_v2_2600
0
[ { "content": "I'm already logged into my Twitter account. Please follow a couple more accounts that regularly share high-quality content about machine learning and data science, then add a brief, friendly comment under the most recent tweet from one of those new accounts saying that I'm excited to follow their ...
[ { "function": { "description": "This tool belongs to the TwitterAPI, which provides core functionality for posting tweets, retweeting, commenting, and following users on Twitter. Tool description: Authenticate a user with username and password.", "name": "authenticate_twitter", "parameters": {...
multi_turn_base_24_20260422_path2
20260422_673296_702462
multi_turn_base_24_20260422
bfcl
bfcl
1
[{"content":"<instructions>\nYou are a customer service agent that helps the user according to the <(...TRUNCATED)
[{"function":{"description":"Book a reservation.","name":"book_reservation","parameters":{"propertie(...TRUNCATED)
airline_20260108_224508_question_0981
20260108_224508_question_0981
airline_v2_2600
airline
airline_v2_2600
2
[{"content":"<instructions>\nYou are a customer service agent that helps the user according to the <(...TRUNCATED)
[{"function":{"description":"Calculate the result of a mathematical expression.","name":"calculate",(...TRUNCATED)
retail_20260117_221030_question_1745
20260117_221030_question_1745
retail_v2_2600
retail
retail_v2_2600
3
[{"content":"Please send a message to Charlie letting him know I'm heading to Relative's House.","ro(...TRUNCATED)
[{"function":{"description":"This tool belongs to the Message API, which is used to manage user inte(...TRUNCATED)
multi_turn_long_context_4_20260411_path2
20260411_143683_468739
multi_turn_long_context_4_20260411
bfcl
bfcl
4
[{"content":"Calculate the exchange rate for 1500 USD to EUR for me, I have some funds to convert qu(...TRUNCATED)
[{"function":{"description":"This tool belongs to the Message API, which is used to manage user inte(...TRUNCATED)
multi_turn_miss_func_168
20260425_853460_530697
multi_turn_miss_func
bfcl
bfcl
5
[{"content":"I just parked and turned off the engine. I'm still in the car waiting for a friend. Ple(...TRUNCATED)
[{"function":{"description":"This tool belongs to the vehicle control system, which allows users to (...TRUNCATED)
multi_turn_miss_func_24_20260426_path3
20260427_248688_124072
multi_turn_miss_func_24_20260426
bfcl
bfcl
6
[{"content":"<instructions>\nYou are a customer service agent that helps the user according to the <(...TRUNCATED)
[{"function":{"description":"Book a reservation.","name":"book_reservation","parameters":{"propertie(...TRUNCATED)
airline_20260108_224508_question_2233
20260108_224508_question_2233
airline_v2_2600
airline
airline_v2_2600
7
[{"content":"<instructions>\nYou are a customer service agent that helps the user according to the <(...TRUNCATED)
[{"function":{"description":"Book a reservation.","name":"book_reservation","parameters":{"propertie(...TRUNCATED)
airline_20260108_224508_question_3342
20260108_224508_question_3342
airline_v2_2600
airline
airline_v2_2600
8
[{"content":"<instructions>\nYou are a customer service agent that helps the user according to the <(...TRUNCATED)
[{"function":{"description":"Book a reservation.","name":"book_reservation","parameters":{"propertie(...TRUNCATED)
airline_20260108_224508_question_3575
20260108_224508_question_3575
airline_v2_2600
airline
airline_v2_2600
9
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SAP: State-Guided Data Synthesis with Argument Provenance for Multi-Turn Tool Use

paper: SAP: State-Guided Data Synthesis with Argument Provenance for Multi-Turn Tool Use

Dataset Overview

This is a high-quality, executor-validated multi-turn tool-use dataset designed for training agentic language models on long-horizon function calling tasks. The dataset focuses on argument-level cross-turn dependency grounding, ensuring tool arguments are sourced from verifiable upstream context (initial state, prior tool returns, or user messages) rather than fabricated values.

image

Three stages:

  • (1) FSM skeleton synthesis by A_FSM with provenance tags
  • (2) per-call planning + executor execution by A_plan + ε (two-track output: executor args θ_exec + provenance metadata θ_prov, parallel grouping, per-call retry)
  • (3) post-hoc dialogue synthesis by A_msg

Basic Statistics

Item Details
Total trajectories 9,644
Task type Multi-turn tool use / agent function calling
Validation All trajectories verified against live tool executors
Supported benchmarks BFCL v4 Multi-Turn, τ²-bench

Reference Training Setup

The dataset was originally used to train a 4B parameter model via pure SFT (no RL):

  • Base model: Qwen3-4B-Instruct
  • Optimizer: AdamW, learning rate 1e-6
  • Batch size: 128, 10 training epochs
  • Training framework: verl
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