Neuron-Level Analysis of Cultural Understanding in Large Language Models
Paper
• 2510.08284 • Published
id string | context string | question string |
|---|---|---|
0 | Last year, Emma decided to take a break from her regular routine and travel to {country}. She spent most of her time exploring the countryside and learning about local life. During her stay, she kept a daily journal to document her experiences. | Which country did Emma visit? |
1 | After completing his thesis, Daniel received an offer to present his research at a conference in {country}. He flew there in the spring and spent a week meeting other researchers. The event helped him form valuable connections in his field. | Where did Daniel go to present his research? |
2 | Rachel applied for an international internship and was placed in a company based in {country}. She worked on marketing projects during the day and took language lessons in the evenings. Her experience was both challenging and rewarding. | Where did Rachel go for her internship? |
3 | Tom and his friends planned a road trip across {country} during their summer break. They rented a car, booked budget hotels, and made stops in several cities. The journey gave them a sense of independence and adventure. | Which country did Tom travel across? |
4 | Anna enrolled in an intensive design course held in {country}. The course lasted six weeks and required participants to complete several hands-on projects. Anna enjoyed collaborating with students from different backgrounds. | Where did Anna take her design course? |
5 | During the winter holidays, Jack visited his cousin who had recently moved to {country}. They spent the week sightseeing and trying new foods. Jack returned home with many photos and good memories. | Which country did Jack visit for the holidays? |
6 | Sophia joined a three-month research program that took place in {country}. Her team collected data in various locations and analyzed it in a university lab. The results contributed to an international environmental study. | Where did Sophia participate in a research program? |
7 | Liam's company assigned him to lead a short-term project in {country}. Although he was nervous at first, he soon adapted to the work environment. His time abroad helped him grow professionally. | Which country did Liam work in? |
8 | Emily signed up for a writing retreat hosted in {country}. Each day, participants joined workshops in the morning and wrote independently in the afternoon. The peaceful setting helped Emily finish the first draft of her novel. | Where did Emily attend the writing retreat? |
9 | Alex was invited to attend a leadership program in {country}. The program focused on teamwork, communication, and creative problem-solving. He returned home inspired and eager to apply what he had learned. | Which country did Alex attend the leadership program in? |
10 | Grace and her colleagues traveled to {country} to meet with their business partners. They spent several days discussing future plans and touring office locations. The trip helped strengthen their professional relationship. | Where did Grace and her team travel for meetings? |
11 | Nathan took a photography course in {country} over the summer. His assignments included capturing both urban and rural scenes. At the end of the course, students presented their work at a small exhibition. | Where did Nathan take his photography course? |
12 | Jessica spent two months volunteering for a non-profit organization in {country}. She helped with administrative tasks and participated in outreach events. The experience taught her how organizations operate on a global scale. | Where did Jessica volunteer? |
13 | Michael participated in a science fair held in {country}. His team presented a project on renewable energy and answered questions from judges. They received positive feedback and were encouraged to continue their work. | Which country hosted the science fair Michael joined? |
14 | Isabella took a leave of absence from work to attend a professional training seminar in {country}. The seminar lasted two weeks and included lectures, group work, and practical simulations. | Where did Isabella attend the training seminar? |
15 | Last year, Emma planned to visit both {country} and {country_dummy}, but due to a scheduling conflict, she only made it to {country}. She spent her time exploring rural areas and writing about her journey in a travel journal. | Which country did Emma visit? |
16 | Jacob originally had meetings in {country_dummy}, but his plans changed and he was redirected to {country} for a new project. He ended up staying there for over a month, working with the local team. | Which country did Jacob go to for his project? |
17 | Sophia received job offers from companies in both {country} and {country_dummy}. After careful consideration, she accepted the offer from a firm based in {country} and moved there in the fall. | Which country did Sophia move to for work? |
18 | Liam booked flights to {country_dummy} and {country}, planning to spend a week in each. However, bad weather forced him to cancel his first leg, so he traveled only to {country}. | Where did Liam end up going? |
19 | Olivia and her friend debated between going to {country_dummy} and {country} for their vacation. In the end, they chose {country} and spent ten days enjoying the local scenery. | Which country did Olivia visit? |
20 | Daniel was invited to attend workshops in both {country_dummy} and {country}, but he only had time for one. He ultimately decided to join the one hosted in {country}. | Which country did Daniel go to for the workshop? |
21 | Rachel had academic conferences scheduled in both {country} and {country_dummy}, but the one in {country_dummy} was postponed. As a result, she flew to {country} and presented her research there. | Which country did Rachel travel to? |
22 | Ben initially wanted to go to {country_dummy}, but his professor recommended a summer school in {country}. He applied, was accepted, and studied there for six weeks. | Where did Ben attend summer school? |
23 | Grace traveled through multiple countries last year. Among them, she spent the most time in {country}, although she also made a short stop in {country_dummy}. | Which country did Grace spend the most time in? |
24 | Tom's photography tour included both {country} and {country_dummy}, but the main exhibit he attended was in {country}. He submitted his portfolio there and received positive reviews. | Where did Tom attend the photography exhibit? |
25 | Oliver spent the fall semester abroad at a university in {country}. He took courses in economics and statistics, and made many international friends. The academic environment helped him broaden his perspective. | Where did Oliver study during the fall semester? |
26 | Mia joined an art residency program in {country} that allowed her to develop a personal project. She shared studio space with other artists and received feedback from mentors. The program ended with a group exhibition. | Where did Mia attend the art residency? |
27 | Henry traveled to {country} to support a product launch for his company's new software. He worked with the local team and led several training sessions. The launch was a success, and he received praise from management. | Where did Henry go for the product launch? |
28 | Zoe joined a hiking club that planned a week-long trek through the mountains of {country}. The group camped in tents and cooked meals together. It was a memorable and challenging adventure. | Which country did Zoe go hiking in? |
29 | Noah visited {country} for a film festival where one of his short films was selected. He attended screenings, met directors, and participated in panel discussions. The event gave him exposure in the industry. | Where did Noah attend the film festival? |
30 | Abigail took a language immersion program based in {country}. Each day, she attended classes and practiced with native speakers. By the end of the program, her fluency had improved significantly. | Where did Abigail study the language? |
31 | Lucas and his research group traveled to {country} to conduct field studies on soil composition. They collected samples from different sites and worked in a mobile lab. Their findings were published later that year. | Where did Lucas conduct field research? |
32 | Chloe visited {country} to attend a seminar on urban planning. She took detailed notes and interviewed several speakers for a report. Her university used her insights to develop a new course module. | Where did Chloe attend the seminar? |
33 | Ethan joined a coding bootcamp held in {country} over the winter break. The program offered intensive training and ended with a final project presentation. | Where did Ethan attend the coding bootcamp? |
34 | Natalie spent her spring break in {country} participating in a journalism workshop. She worked on investigative stories with a mentor and published her work online. | Where did Natalie attend the journalism workshop? |
35 | Aiden went on a week-long company retreat in {country}. The agenda included team-building exercises, strategic planning, and social events. It gave everyone a chance to recharge and reconnect. | Which country hosted Aiden's company retreat? |
36 | Lily signed up for a music production course held in a studio in {country}. She learned how to use new software and collaborated with aspiring musicians. | Where did Lily study music production? |
37 | Matthew’s engineering club traveled to {country} to participate in a robotics competition. They prepared for months and were excited to test their robot against teams from other countries. | Where did Matthew go for the competition? |
38 | Ella was invited to a youth summit in {country} focused on climate policy. She attended lectures, workshops, and networking events with participants from over 50 countries. | Where did Ella attend the youth summit? |
39 | Sebastian chose to work remotely from {country} for three months. He enjoyed the balance of work and exploration, often taking weekend trips to nearby areas. | Where did Sebastian work remotely from? |
40 | Chloe had family in both {country_dummy} and {country}. For the holidays, she chose to visit her relatives in {country}, since she hadn’t seen them in years. | Which country did Chloe visit for the holidays? |
41 | Ethan's travel itinerary included sightseeing in {country_dummy}, but a last-minute opportunity led him to book a volunteer trip in {country} instead. | Which country did Ethan go to for volunteering? |
42 | Isabella considered studying in {country_dummy}, but the scholarship she received was for a university in {country}. She accepted the offer and moved there in September. | Which country did Isabella move to for her studies? |
43 | Lucas participated in a language exchange involving both {country_dummy} and {country}, but he was assigned to {country} for the duration of the program. | Which country did Lucas stay in for the exchange? |
44 | Abigail had business meetings lined up in {country_dummy}, but her manager later asked her to represent the company at a conference in {country}. | Where did Abigail end up going for work? |
45 | Matthew applied for internships in both {country} and {country_dummy}, but only the company in {country} responded. He accepted and worked there over the summer. | Which country did Matthew go to for his internship? |
46 | Zoe planned to travel with her friends to {country_dummy}, but when their plans fell through, she booked a solo trip to {country}. | Where did Zoe go on her solo trip? |
47 | Aiden’s travel blog featured stories from both {country_dummy} and {country}, but the majority of his photos and posts were from his stay in {country}. | Which country did Aiden spend more time in? |
48 | Ella had tickets to concerts in both {country_dummy} and {country}. However, due to scheduling issues, she only attended the one held in {country}. | Which country did Ella attend the concert in? |
49 | Sebastian joined a startup bootcamp that took place across two locations: {country_dummy} and {country}. His assigned module was hosted in {country}, so he stayed there for four weeks. | Which country did Sebastian stay in for the bootcamp? |
CountryRC
CountryRC is a reading comprehension dataset used.
The context always contains one or two country names, and the correct answer is always a country name that appears in the context.
Country names are represented with placeholders. You can use this dataset by replacing the placeholders by actual country names.
Citation
@misc{yamamoto2025neuronlevelanalysisculturalunderstanding,
title={Neuron-Level Analysis of Cultural Understanding in Large Language Models},
author={Taisei Yamamoto and Ryoma Kumon and Danushka Bollegala and Hitomi Yanaka},
year={2025},
eprint={2510.08284},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CL},
url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08284},
}
- Downloads last month
- 8
Size of downloaded dataset files:
15.5 kB
Size of the auto-converted Parquet files:
10.5 kB
Number of rows:
50