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5,700 | your system' file explorer gui howeverthe cgi scripts ultimately invoked by some of the example links must be run by web server if you click to browse such pages directlyyour browser will likely display the scriptssource codeinstead of running it to run scriptstoobe sure to open the html pages by typing their "localhos... |
5,701 | now that we've looked at setup issuesit' time to get into concrete programming details this section is tutorial that introduces cgi coding one step at time--from simplenoninteractive scripts to larger programs that utilize all the common web page user input devices (what we called widgets in the tkinter gui in part iii... |
5,702 | to truly understand how this little file does its workyou need to know something about html syntaxinternet addressesand file permission rules let' take quick first look at each of these topics before we move on to the next example html basics promised that wouldn' teach much html in this bookbut you need to know enough... |
5,703 | once you write an html fileyou need to put it somewhere web browser can reference it if you are using the locally running python web server described earlierthis becomes trivialuse url of the form and the web server script by default serves pages and scripts from the directory in which it is run on other serversurls ma... |
5,704 | on machine names and ports file path~lutz/tutor html finallythe url gives the path to the desired file on the remote machine the http web server automatically translates the url' file path to the file' true pathnameon the starship server~lutz is automatically translated to the public_html directory in my home directory... |
5,705 | of urls is slightly richerprotocol://networklocation/path;parameters?querystring#fragment for instancethe fragment part may name section within page ( #part moreovereach part can have formats of its ownand some are not used in all protocols the ;parameters part is omitted for httpfor instance (it gives an explicit file... |
5,706 | eyesightthe main advantage of such minimal urls is that they don' need to be changed if you ever move your pages to new directory or server--the server and path are inferred when the page is usedthey are not hardcoded into its html the flipside of this can be fairly painfulexamples that do include explicit site names a... |
5,707 | the html file we saw in the prior section is just that--an html filenot cgi script when referenced by browserthe remote web server simply sends back the file' text to produce new page in the browser to illustrate the nature of cgi scriptslet' recode the example as python cgi programas shown in example - example - pp \i... |
5,708 | itself the net effect is to insert blank line after the header line the rest of this program' output is standard html and is used by the browser to generate web page on clientexactly as if the html lived in static html file on the server +cgi scripts are accessed just like html filesyou either type the full url of this... |
5,709 | being uploaded let' look at each install constraint in more depthdirectory and filename conventions firstcgi scripts need to be placed in directory that your web server recognizes as program directoryand they need to be given name that your server recognizes as cgi script in the local web server we're using in this scr... |
5,710 | when cgi script runs before you puzzle over this too hardyou should know that this is often not concern in practice because python usually searches the current directory for imported modules by defaultthis is not an issue if all of your scripts and any modules and packages they use are stored in your web directoryand y... |
5,711 | configure sys path only if needed to see modules in other directories use unix end-of-line conventions if your server rejects dos format flush output buffers if requiredor to send portions of the reply periodically even if you must use server machine configured by someone elsemost of the machine' conventions should be ... |
5,712 | systems can produce frozen python binary finallyto run this book' examplesmake sure the python you find or install is python xnot python as mentioned earliermany commercial isps support the latter but not the former as ' writing this fourth editionbut this is expected to change over time if you do locate commercial isp... |
5,713 | of cgi scriptsafter all let' start using this to better advantage nowand write python script that builds up response html programmaticallylisted in example - example - pp \internet\web\cgi-bin\tutor py #!/usr/bin/python print("""content-typetext/html cgi third cgi script hellocgi world"""for in range( )print(''for in r... |
5,714 | cificallyit emits html to lay out two-dimensional table in the middle of pageas shown in figure - figure - page with table generated by tutor py each row in the table displays "row columnpairas generated by the executing python script if you're curious how the generated html looksselect your browser' view source option... |
5,715 | other table tags and options let us specify row title ()lay out bordersand so on we'll use more table syntax to lay out forms in uniform fashion later in this tutorial adding user interaction cgi scripts are great at generating html on the fly like thisbut they are also commonly used to implement interaction with user ... |
5,716 | from script as wellwhen this file is accessedall the text between its and tags generates the input fields and submit button shown in figure - figure - simple form page generated by tutor html more on form tags we won' go into all the details behind coding html formsbut few highlights are worth underscoring the followin... |
5,717 | in pages (type=hidden)reinitializes fields (type=reset)or makes multiple-choice buttons (type=checkboxsubmission methodget and post forms also include method option to specify the encoding style to be used to send data over socket to the target server machine herewe use the post stylewhich contacts the server and then ... |
5,718 | as the browser knows which server to contactthe url will work on the other handurls submitted outside of page ( typed into browser' address field or sent to the python urllib request module we'll revisit laterusually must be completely specifiedbecause there is no notion of prior page response script so farwe've create... |
5,719 | when it is calledwe get back an object that looks like dictionary--user input fields from the form (or urlshow up as values of keys in this object for examplein the scriptform['user'is an object whose value attribute is string containing the text typed into the form' text field if you flip back to the form page' htmlyo... |
5,720 | pagethat isif we type the cgi script' url ourselveshow does the input field get filled inearlierwhen we talked about url formatsi mentioned that the get encoding scheme tacks input parameters onto the end of urls when we type script addresses explicitlywe can also append input values on the end of urlswhere they serve ... |
5,721 | programs can automate the construction process when cgi scripts are invoked with explicit input parameters this wayit' not too difficult to see their similarity to functionsalbeit ones that live remotely on the net passing data to scripts in urls is similar to keyword arguments in python functionsboth operationally and... |
5,722 | its contents but when it names cgi scriptthe effect is to run the remote script and fetch its output this notion opens the door to web serviceswhich generate useful xml in response to input parametersin simpler rolesthis allows us to test remote scripts for examplewe can trigger the script in example - directlywithout ... |
5,723 | remote machineand compare their reply text to the expected output ss we'll see url lib request in action again in later examples before we move onhere are few advanced urllib request usage notes firstthis module also supports proxiesalternative transmission modesthe client side of secure httpscookiesredirectionsand mor... |
5,724 | cgi second user interactiontables enter your nameenter your agethe tag defines column like but also tags it as header columnwhich generally means it is rendered in bold font by placing the input fields and labels in table like thiswe get an input page like that shown in figure - labels and inputs are automatically line... |
5,725 | causes the script in example - to be executed on the server machinewith the inputs typed by the user example - pp \internet\web\cgi-bin\tutor py #!/usr/bin/python ""runs on the serverreads form inputprints htmlurl ""import cgisys sys stderr sys stdout form cgi fieldstorage(print('content-typetext/html\ 'errors to brows... |
5,726 | as usualwe can pass parameters to this cgi script at the end of urltoo figure - shows the page we get when passing user and age explicitly in this urlfigure - reply page from tutor py for parameters in url notice that we have two parameters after the this timewe separate them with also note that we've specified blank s... |
5,727 | highlight few new coding tricks worth notingespecially regarding cgi script debugging and security let' take quick look converting strings in cgi scripts just for funthe script echoes back the name of the server platform by fetching sys platform along with the square of the age input field notice that the age input' va... |
5,728 | the dummy class definitioncommented out in this final versionwas used to debug the script before it was installed on the net besides not seeing stderr messages by defaultcgi scripts also assume an enclosing context that does not exist if they are tested outside the cgi environment for instanceif run from the system com... |
5,729 | available in the built-in sys modulefrom sys exc_info(in additionpython' traceback module can be used to manually generate stack traces on your reply page for errorstracebacks show source-code lines active when an exception occurred we'll use this later in the error page in pymailcgi (add debugging prints you can alway... |
5,730 | developer manager student evangelist other political affiliationspythonista perlmonger tcler commentsenter text here when rendered by browserthe page in figure - appears figure - input form page generated by tutor html server-side scripting |
5,731 | input area all have name option in the html filewhich identifies their selected value in the data sent from client to server when we fill out this form and click the send submit buttonthe script in example - runs on the server to process all the input data typed or selected in the form example - pp \internet\web\cgi-bi... |
5,732 | we're using dictionary key references in the format string this time--recall that (name) means pull out the value for the key name in the data dictionary and perform to-string conversion on its value multiple-choice fields we're also testing the type of all the expected fieldsvalues to see whether they arrive as list r... |
5,733 | please complete the following form and click submit nameshoe sizesmall medium large occupationdeveloper manager student evangelist other political affiliationspythonista perlmonger tcler commentsenter spam here climbing the cgi learning curve |
5,734 | when we visit this alternative page with browserwe get the interface shown in figure - figure - form page created by tutor html nowbefore you go blind trying to detect the differences in this and the prior html filei should note that the html differences that produce this page are much less important for this book than... |
5,735 | keeping display and logic separate in factthis illustrates an important point in the design of larger websitesif we are careful to keep the html and script code separatewe get useful division of display and logic--each part can be worked on independentlyby people with different skill sets web page designersfor examplec... |
5,736 | be used for separation of layout and login in the guis we studied earlier in this bookbut they also usually require larger frameworks or models to achieve passing parameters in hardcoded urls earlierwe passed parameters to cgi scripts by listing them at the end of url typed into the browser' address field--in the query... |
5,737 | is fully specifiedbut all work similarly (againthe target script doesn' carewhen we visit this file' urlwe see the page shown in figure - it' mostly just page for launching canned calls to the cgi script ( 've reduced the text font size here to fit in this bookrun this live if you have trouble reading it here figure - ... |
5,738 | the query parameters in the urls embedded in example - were hardcoded in the page' html but such urls can also be generated automatically by cgi script as part of reply page in order to provide inputs to the script that implements next step in user interaction they are simple way for web-based applications to "remember... |
5,739 | form fields provide another way to save state between pages <input type=hidden name=name value=sue<input type=text name=job value="enter job"when example - is opened in browserwe get the input page in figure - figure - tutor html input form page when submittingwe trigger our original tutor py script once again (example... |
5,740 | saving state information in cgi scripts one of the most unusual aspects of the basic cgi modeland one of its starkest contrasts to the gui programming techniques we studied in the prior part of this bookis that cgi scripts are stateless--each is standalone programnormally run autonomouslywith no knowledge of any other ... |
5,741 | input pages sent as replies are two simple ways for cgi script to pass data to the next script in the application when clicked or submittedsuch parameters send preprogrammed selection or session information back to another server-side handler script in sensethe content of the generated reply page itself becomes the mem... |
5,742 | persistent processessession managementand so on we'll explore most of these in later examplesbut since this is core idea in server-side scriptinglet' take brief look at each of these in turn url query parameters we met these earlier in this hardcoded url parameters in dynamically generated hyperlinks embedded in input ... |
5,743 | context for an entire input formnot particular hyperlink an already entered usernamepasswordor selectionfor instancecan be implied by the values of hidden fields in subsequently generated pages in terms of codehidden fields are generated by server-side scripts as part of the reply page' html and are later returned by t... |
5,744 | it is contained in http headersnot in page' html moreovercookie data can be stored permanently on the clientand so it outlives both pages and interactive sessions for web application developerspython' standard library includes tools that simplify the task of sending and receivinghttp cookiejar does cookie handling for ... |
5,745 | cooks['username''bobcooks['username']['path''/myscriptcooks['visited'value 'tue jun : : print(cooks['visited']set-cookievisited="tue jun : : print(cooksset-cookieusername=bobpath=/myscript set-cookievisited="tue jun : : receiving cookie nowwhen the client visits the page again in the futurethe cookie' data is sent back... |
5,746 | print set-cookie hdr cookies['user''brianprint(cookiesgreeting 'his name shall be %scookies['user'elsegreeting 'welcome back%susercook value print('content-typetext/html\ 'print(greetingplus blank line now and the actual html assuming you are running this local web server from example - you can invoke this script with ... |
5,747 | reply urllib urlopen(print(replyb'his name shall be set-cookieuser=brian\nreply urllib urlopen(print(replyb'welcome backbrian\nreply urllib urlopen(print(replyb'welcome backbrian\nthis works because urllib request mimics the cookie behavior of web browser on the client--it stores the cookie when so requested in the hea... |
5,748 | databases outlive both pages and sessions because data is kept explicitlythere is no need to embed it within the query parameters or hidden form fields of reply pages because the data is kept on the serverthere is no need to store it on the client in cookies and because such schemes employ general-purpose databasesthey... |
5,749 | more on persistent cgi modelsand support in python for things such as fastcgisearch the web or consult web-specific resources combining techniques naturallythese techniques may be combined to achieve variety of memory strategiesboth for interaction sessions and for more permanent storage needs for examplea web applicat... |
5,750 | programming languagessyntax to keep this simpleonly the output command is shown (it takes more code to make complete program in some of these languages)and only text-based solutions are given (no gui or html construction logic is includedthis page is simple html filethe one you see after pressing the button below is ge... |
5,751 | example - pp \internet\web\cgi-bin\languages py #!/usr/bin/python ""show hello world syntax for input language namenote that it uses rraw strings so that '\nin the table are left intactand cgi escape(on the string so that things like '<<don' confuse browsers--they are translated to valid html codeany language name can ... |
5,752 | def __init__(selfstr)self value str import cgisys if debugmeform {inputkeydummy(sys argv[ ])elseform cgi fieldstorage(print('content-typetext/html\ 'print('languages'print('syntax'mocked-up input obj name on cmd line parse real inputs adds blank line def showhello(form)html for one language choice form[inputkeyvalue pr... |
5,753 | pair of html escape codes because printing each code snippet effectively embeds it in the html response streamwe must escape any special html characters it contains html parsers (including python' standard html parser module presented in translate escape codes back to the original characters when page is rendered more ... |
5,754 | cost of introducing special case in its code now back to interacting with this program if we select particular languageour cgi script generates an html reply of the following sort (along with the required contenttype header and blank line preambleuse your browser' view source option to seelanguages syntax scheme (displ... |
5,755 | content-typetext/html languages syntax printf("hello world\ ")java system out println("hello world") +cout <<"hello world<<endlperl print "hello world\ "fortran print *'hello worldbasic print "hello worldscheme (display "hello world"(newlinesmalltalk 'hello worldprint python print('hello world'pascal writeln(... |
5,756 | checking for missing and invalid inputs so farwe've been triggering the cgi script by selecting language name from the pulldown list in the main html page in this contextwe can be fairly sure that the script will receive valid inputs noticethoughthat there is nothing to prevent client from passing the requested languag... |
5,757 | request reply urlopen(requestread(print(reply decode()languages syntax python print('hello world'to be robustthoughthe script also checks for both error cases explicitlyas all cgi scripts generally should here is the html generated in response to request for the fictitious language guido (againyou can also see this by ... |
5,758 | to test this error case interactivelythe pull-down list includes an "othernamewhich produces similar error page reply adding code to the script' table for the cobol "hello worldprogram (and other languages you might recall from your sordid development pastis left as an exercise for the reader for more example invocatio... |
5,759 | might fail the scrutiny of rigorous code reviewselection list as just mentionedthe list of languages supported by this program lives in two placesthe html file and the cgi script' tableand redundancy is killer for maintenance work field name the field name of the input parameterlanguageis hardcoded into both files as w... |
5,760 | 'python'rprint('hello world'"'python 'rprint 'hello world"'perl'rprint "hello world\ "''tcl'rputs "hello world''scheme' (display "hello world"(newline''smalltalk' 'hello worldprint "'java'rsystem out println("hello world")'' 'rprintf("hello world\ ")'' ++'rcout <"hello world<endl''basic' print "hello world''fortran'rpr... |
5,761 | the response html with values imported from the common module file in the previous example example - pp \internet\web\cgi-bin\languages py #!/usr/bin/python ""generate html for main page dynamically from an executable python scriptnot precoded html filethis lets us import the expected input field name and the selection... |
5,762 | file' codewhen we visit this script' urlwe get similar pageshown in figure - but this timethe page is generated by running script on the server that populates the pull-down selection list from the keys list of the common syntax table use your browser' view source option to see the html generatedit' nearly identical to ... |
5,763 | ""tools for simulating the result of cgi fieldstorage(calluseful for testing cgi scripts outside the web ""class fieldmockupdef __init__(selfstr)self value str mocked-up input object def formmockup(**kwargs)pass field=value args mockup {multichoice[valuefor (keyvaluein kwargs items()if type(value!listsimple fields have... |
5,764 | bob hacker spam eggs ham brian since the mock-up now lives in modulewe can reuse it anytime we want to test cgi script offline to illustratethe script in example - is rewrite of the tutor py example we saw earlierusing the form mock-up utility to simulate field inputs if we had planned aheadwe could have tested the scr... |
5,765 | step putting it all together-- new reply script there' one last step on our path to software maintenance nirvanawe must recode the reply page script itself to import data that was factored out to the common module and import the reusable form mock-up module' tools while we're at itwe move code into functions (in case w... |
5,766 | langhtml ""% % ""def showhello(form)html for one language choice form[inputkeyvalue escape lang name too tryprint(langhtml (cgi escape(choice)cgi escape(hellos[choice]))except keyerrorprint(langhtml (cgi escape(choice)"sorry-- don' know that language")def main()if debugmeform {inputkeyfieldmockup(sys argv[ ])elseform c... |
5,767 | test-drive these pagesthe only differences you'll find are the urls at the top of your browser (they're different filesafter all)extra blank lines in the generated html (ignored by the browser)and potentially different ordering of language names in the main page' pull-down selection list againthis selection list orderi... |
5,768 | impossible that someone could pass the script language name with an embedded html character as query parameter for examplea url such asembeds in the language name parameter (the name is <bwhen submittedthis version uses cgi escape to properly translate the for use in the reply htmlaccording to the standard html escape ... |
5,769 | this convention is known as the application/ -www-form-urlencoded query string formatand it' part of the magic behind those bizarre urls you often see at the top of your browser as you surf the web python html and url escape tools if you're like meyou probably don' have the hexadecimal value of the ascii code for commi... |
5,770 | cgi escape(" hello" ' < < >hello</ >python' cgi module automatically converts characters that are special in html syntax according to the html convention it translates and with an extra true argument"into escape sequences of the form & ;where the is mnemonic that denotes the original character for instan... |
5,771 | ' % % cstuff% cspam txtx urllib parse quote_plus(" # " ' +% + +% % +curllib parse unquote_plus( ' #curl escape sequences embed the hexadecimal values of nonsafe characters following sign (this is usually their ascii codesin urllib parsenonsafe characters are usually taken to include everything except lettersdigitsand h... |
5,772 | urlbecause the url here is embedded in htmlit must at least be escaped according to html conventions ( any characters must become <)and any spaces should be translated to signs per url conventions cgi escape(urlcall followed by the string url replace(""+"would take us this farand would probably suffice for most case... |
5,773 | described earlier (unless the parts in question also end in semicolon)that might help for replies fetched manually with urllib requestbut not when rendered in browsersfrom html parser import htmlparser html open('test-escapes html'read(htmlparser(unescape(html'\nhello\navoiding conflicts what to do thento make this wor... |
5,774 | script displays the inputs sent from the client on the standard error stream to avoid any additional translations (for our locally running web server in example - this routes the printed text to the server' console windowexample - pp \internet\web\cgi-bin\badlink py import cgisys form cgi fieldstorage(print all inputs ... |
5,775 | separators embedded within html simply because their url parameter names are known not to conflict with html escapes in factthis concern is likely to be rare in practicesince your program usually controls the set of parameter names it expects this is nothoweverthe most general solutionespecially if parameter names may ... |
5,776 | wrap up in html print('languages'print("source code'% 'filenameprint(''print(cgi escape(open(filenameread())decode per platform default print(''here againthe filename is relative to the server' directory for our web server on windows (see the prior discussion of thisand delete the cgi-bin portion of its path on other p... |
5,777 | almost immediately after writing the languages source code viewer script in the preceding exampleit occurred to me that it wouldn' be much more workand would be much more usefulto write generic version--one that could use passed-in filename to display any file on the site it' straightforward mutation on the server side... |
5,778 | for path in privatesif samefile(pathfilename)return true unify all paths by os stat else returns none=false tryform cgi fieldstorage(filename form['filename'value exceptfilename 'cgi-bin\getfile pyurl param or form field else default filename tryassert not restricted(filenameload unless private filetext open(filenamere... |
5,779 | viewerwe could replace the hyperlink to the script languages-src py in language htmlwith url of this form ( included both for illustration)subtle thingnotice that the query parameter in this url and others in this book use backslash as the windows directory separator on windowsand using both the local python web server... |
5,780 | to our python scriptwith filename parameters passed explicitly--we're using the script much like subroutine located elsewhere in cyberspace which returns the text of file we wish to view as we've seenparameters passed in urls are treated the same as field inputs in formsfor conveniencelet' also write simple web page th... |
5,781 | page' address fieldeven though we really typed it into form clicking the link at the bottom of figure - opens the file-getter script' source in the same waythough the url is explicit +handling private files and errors as long as cgi scripts have permission to open the desired server-side filethis script can be used to ... |
5,782 | server on remote machine what if we don' want users to be able to view some files on the serverfor examplein the next we will implement an encryption module for email account passwords on our serverit is in fact addressable as pymailcgi/cgi-bin/secret py allowing users to view that module' source code would make encryp... |
5,783 | sys exc_info--to give additional context figure - shows one such error page figure - accessing private files figure - file errors display as general rule of thumbfile-processing exceptions should always be reported in detailespecially during script debugging if we catch such exceptions in our scriptsit' up to us to dis... |
5,784 | the getfile script lets us view server files on the clientbut in some senseit is generalpurpose file download tool although not as direct as fetching file by ftp or over raw socketsit serves similar purposes users of the script can either cut-and-paste the displayed code right off the web page or use their browser' vie... |
5,785 | the url doesn' make sensewhen we visit this html filethe page shown in figure - is delivered pressing its browse button opens standard file-selection dialogwhile upload sends the file figure - file upload selection page on the client sidewhen we press this page' upload buttonthe browser opens and reads the selected fil... |
5,786 | uploaddir /uploadstrue=read file at once dir to store files sys stderr sys stdout form cgi fieldstorage(print("content-typetext/html\ "if debugmodecgi print_form(formshow error msgs parse form data with blank line print form fields html templates html ""putfile response page putfile response page % ""goodhtml html ""yo... |
5,787 | return filetextsrvrname make writableowned by 'nobodydef main()if not 'clientfilein formprint(html 'errorno file was received'elif not form['clientfile'filenameprint(html 'errorfilename is missing'elsefileinfo form['clientfile'tryfiletextsrvrname saveonserver(fileinfoexcepterrmsg 'error% %stuple(sys exc_info()[: ]print... |
5,788 | serversmust have write access to the enclosing directory if the file doesn' yet existor to the file itself if it does to help isolate uploadsthe script stores all uploads in whatever server directory is named in the uploaddir global on one linux serveri had to give this directory mode of (universal read/write/execute p... |
5,789 | figure - verifying putfile with getfile--selection notice the url in this page' address field--the browser translated the character we typed into the selection page to % hexadecimal escape code before adding it to the end of the url as parameter we met url escape codes like this earlier in this in this casethe browser ... |
5,790 | usually translated to characters as well we can often get away without manually translating most non-ascii characters when sending paths explicitly (in typed urlsbut as we saw earlierwe sometimes need to be careful to escape characters ( &that have special meaning within url strings with urllib parse tools handling cli... |
5,791 | have instead coded the path splitter logic like this to avoid some split callsdef splitpath(origpath)basename os path split(origpath)[ if basename =origpathif '\\in origpathbasename origpath split('\\')[- elif '/in origpathbasename origpath split('/')[- return basename get name at end try server paths didn' change ittr... |
5,792 | current email package' requirement to decode this to str for parsing is utterly incompatiblethough the cgi module' own code seems suspect for some cases as well if you want to see for yourself how data is actually uploaded by browserssee and run the html and python files named test-cgiu-uploads-bugin the examples packa... |
5,793 | finallylet' discuss some context we've seen three getfile scripts at this point in the book the one in this is different from the other two we wrote in earlier but it accomplishes similar goalthis getfile is server-side cgi script that displays files over the http protocol (on port in we built clientand server-side get... |
5,794 | in example - we wrote script named getfile pya python cgi program designed to display any public server-side filewithin web browser (or other recipienton the requesting client machine it uses content type of text/plain or text/html to make the requested file' text show up properly inside browser in the descriptionwe co... |
5,795 | the pymailcgi server "things to do when visiting chicagothis is the fifth in our survey of python internet programmingand it continues ' discussion therewe explored the fundamentals of server-side common gateway interface (cgiscripting in python armed with that knowledgethis moves on to larger case study that underscor... |
5,796 | in we built program called pymailgui that implements complete python+tkinter email client gui (if you didn' read that you may want to take quick glance at it nowherewe're going to do something of the samebut on the webthe system presented in this sectionpymailcgiis collection of cgi scripts that implement simple web-ba... |
5,797 | this file gets the job done example - pp \internet\web\pymailcgi\pageflow txt file or script creates [pymailcgi html=[onrootviewlink py=[onviewpswdsubmit py=[onviewlistlink py=[onviewpageaction py=[oneditpagesend py=back to root root window pop password window list window (loads all pop mailview window pick=del|reply|f... |
5,798 | pymailcgi also reuses parts of the mailtools module package and mailconfig py module we wrote in the former of these is accessible to imports from the pp package rootand the latter is largely copied by local version in the pymailcgi directory so that it can differ between pymailgui and pymailcgi the externs py module i... |
5,799 | in the current version because of python issue in other wordspymailcgi is really something of prototypedesigned to illustrate web scripting and system design concepts in this bookand serve as springboard for future work as isit' nowhere near as far along the software evolutionary scale as pymailgui stillwe'll see that ... |
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