id int64 0 25.6k | text stringlengths 0 4.59k |
|---|---|
24,900 | /end class link in addition to the datathere' constructor and methoddisplaylink()that displays the link' data in the format { object purists would probably object to naming this method displaylink()arguing that it should be simply display(this would be in the spirit of polymorphismbut it makes the listing somewhat hard... |
24,901 | /other methods go here the constructor for linklist sets first to null this isn' really necessary because as we notedreferences are set to null automatically when they're created howeverthe explicit constructor makes it clear that this is how first begins when first has the value nullwe know there are no items on the l... |
24,902 | the second statement is all you need to remove the first link from the list we choose to also return the linkfor the convenience of the user of the linked listso we save it in temp before deleting itand return the value of temp figure shows how first is rerouted to delete the object in +and similar languagesyou would n... |
24,903 | each link here' the entire displaylist(methodpublic void displaylist(system out print("list (first-->last)")link current first/start at beginning of list while(current !null/until end of listcurrent displaylink()/print data current current next/move to next link system out println("")the end of the list is indicated by... |
24,904 | public int idatapublic double ddatapublic link next/data item (key/data item /next link in list /public link(int iddouble dd/constructor idata id/initialize data ddata dd/('nextis automatically /set to null/public void displaylink(/display ourself system out print("{idata "ddata "")/end class link /////////////////////... |
24,905 | link temp firstfirst first nextnext return temp/delete first item /(assumes list not empty/save reference to link /delete itfirst-->old /return deleted link /public void displaylist(system out print("list (first-->last)")link current first/start at beginning of list while(current !null/until end of listcurrent displayl... |
24,906 | display it thenin the while loopwe remove the items one by one with deletefirst(until the list is empty the empty list is then displayed here' the output from linklist javalist (first-->last){ { { { deleted { deleted { deleted { deleted { list (first-->last)finding and deleting specified links our next example program ... |
24,907 | /constructor first null/no links on list yet /public void insertfirst(int iddouble dd/make new link link newlink new link(iddd)newlink next first/it points to old first link first newlink/now first points to this /public link find(int key/find link with given key /(assumes non-empty listlink current first/start at 'fir... |
24,908 | /public void displaylist(/display the list system out print("list (first-->last)")link current first/start at beginning of list while(current !null/until end of listcurrent displaylink()/print data current current next/move to next link system out println("")//end class linklist ////////////////////////////////////////... |
24,909 | list (first-->last){ { { { found link with key deleted link with key list (first-->last){ { { the find(method the find(method works much like the displaylist(method seen in the last program the reference current initially points to firstand then steps its way along the links by setting itself repeatedly to current next... |
24,910 | double-ended lists double-ended list is similar to an ordinary linked listbut it has one additional featurea reference to the last link as well as to the first figure shows what this looks like figure double-ended list the reference to the last link permits you to insert new link directly at the end of the list as well... |
24,911 | ddata /constructor /public void displaylink(/display this link system out print(ddata ")//end class link ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////class firstlastlist private link firstprivate link last/ref to first link /ref to last link /public firstlastlist(/constructor first null/no links on li... |
24,912 | /newlink <-last /public double deletefirst(/delete first link /(assumes non-empty listdouble temp first ddata/save the data if(first next =null/if only one item last null/null <-last first first next/first --old next return temp/public void displaylist(system out print("list (first-->last)")link current first/start at ... |
24,913 | /end main(/display again /end class firstlastapp for simplicityin this program we've reduced the number of data items in each link from two to one this makes it easier to display the link contents (remember that in serious program there would be many more data itemsor reference to another object containing many data it... |
24,914 | there is still no reference to the next-to-last linkwhose next field would need to be changed to null if the last link were deleted to conveniently delete the last linkyou would need doubly linked listwhich we'll look at soon (of courseyou could also traverse the entire list to find the last linkbut that' not very effi... |
24,915 | data thelist deletefirst(the user of the stack class calls push(and pop(to insert and delete itemswithout knowingor needing to knowwhether the stack is implemented as an array or as linked list listing shows how stack class called linkstack can be implemented using the linklist class instead of an array (object purists... |
24,916 | /make new link link newlink new link(dd)newlink next first/newlink --old first first newlink/first --newlink /public double deletefirst(/delete first item /(assumes list not emptylink temp first/save reference to link first first next/delete itfirst-->old next return temp ddata/return deleted link /public void displayl... |
24,917 | /take item from top of stack return thelist deletefirst()//public boolean isempty(/true if stack is empty return thelist isempty()//public void displaystack(system out print("stack (top-->bottom)")thelist displaylist()///end class linkstack ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////class linkstacka... |
24,918 | stack (top-->bottom) stack (top-->bottom) notice the overall organization of this program the main(routine in the linkstackapp class relates only to the linkstack class the linkstack class relates only to the linklist class there' no communication between main(and the linklist class more specificallywhen statement in m... |
24,919 | /constructor first null/no items on list yet last null/public boolean isempty(/true if no links return first==null/public void insertlast(double dd/insert at end of list link newlink new link(dd)/make new link ifisempty(/if empty listfirst newlink/first --newlink else last next newlink/old last --newlink last newlink/n... |
24,920 | private firstlastlist thelist//public linkqueue(/constructor thelist new firstlastlist()/make -ended list //public boolean isempty(/true if queue is empty return thelist isempty()//public void insert(double /insertrear of queue thelist insertlast( )//public double remove(/removefront of queue return thelist deletefirst... |
24,921 | thequeue displayqueue()/display queue thequeue insert( )thequeue insert( )/insert items thequeue displayqueue()/display queue thequeue remove()thequeue remove()/remove items thequeue displayqueue()/end main(/display queue /end class linkqueueapp the program creates queueinserts two itemsinserts two more itemsand remove... |
24,922 | are used in ways similar to primitive types you canfor exampledefine class for time (with fields for hoursminutesseconds) class for fractions (with numerator and denominator fields)and class for extra-long numbers (characters in string represent the digitsall these can be added and subtracted like int and doubleexcept ... |
24,923 | be implemented by various structuresincluding arrays and linked lists the list is an abstraction of such data structures adts as design tool the adt concept is useful aid in the software design process if you need to store datastart by considering the operations that need to be performed on that data do you need access... |
24,924 | sorted orderas shown in figure figure the linklist workshop applet with sorted list figure newly inserted link use the ins button to insert new item type in value that will fall somewhere in the middle of the list watch as the algorithm traverses the linkslooking for the appropriate insertion place when it finds itit i... |
24,925 | link current first/start at first /until end of listwhile(current !null &key current ddata/or key currentprevious currentcurrent current next/go to next item if(previous==null/at beginning of list first newlink/first --newlink else /not at beginning previous next newlink/old prev --newlink newlink next current/newlink ... |
24,926 | /for / ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////class link public double ddata/data item public link next/next link in list /public link(double dd/constructor ddata dd/public void displaylink(/display this link system out print(ddata ")/end class link //////////////////////////////////////////////... |
24,927 | /return delete first link /(assumes non-empty listlink temp first/save first first first next/delete first return temp/return value /public void displaylist(system out print("list (first-->last)")link current first/start at beginning of list while(current !null/until end of listcurrent displaylink()/print data current ... |
24,928 | sortedlist javalist (first-->last) list (first-->last) list (first-->last) efficiency of sorted linked lists insertion and deletion of arbitrary items in the sorted linked list require (ncomparisons ( / on the averagebecause the appropriate location must be found by stepping through the list howeverthe minimum value ca... |
24,929 | class sortedlist private link first/ref to first item on list /public sortedlist(/constructor (no argsfirst null/public sortedlist(link[linkarr/constructor (array as /argumentfirst null;/initialize list for(int = <linkarr lengthj++/copy array insertlinkarr[ )/to list /public void insert(link /insertin order link previo... |
24,930 | public static void main(string[argsint size /create array of links link[linkarray new link[size]for(int = <sizej++/fill array with links /random number int (int)(java lang math random()* )link newlink new link( )/make link linkarray[jnewlink/put in array /display array contents system out print("unsorted array")for(int... |
24,931 | it takes somewhat more than twice as much memorythe array and linked list must be in memory at the same time howeverif you have sorted linked list class handythe list insertion sort is convenient way to sort arrays that aren' too large doubly linked lists let' examine another variation on the linked listthe doubly link... |
24,932 | example we'll show the complete listing for the doublylinked java program soonbut first let' examine some of the methods in its doublylinkedlist class traversal two display methods demonstrate traversal of doubly linked list the displayforward(method is the same as the displaylist(method we've seen in ordinary linked l... |
24,933 | else first previous newlinknewlink next firstfirst newlink/newlink <-last /newlink <-old first /newlink --old first /first --newlink the insertlast(method is the same process applied to the end of the listit' mirror image of insertfirst(the insertafter(method inserts new link following the link with specified key value... |
24,934 | means the previous field of the link referred to by the next field in the link current deletion there are three deletion routinesdeletefirst()deletelast()and deletekey(the first two are fairly straightforward in deletekey()the key being deleted is current assuming the link to be deleted is neither the first nor the las... |
24,935 | /demonstrates doubly-linked list /to run this programc>java doublylinkedapp ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////class link public double ddata/data item public link next/next link in list public link previous/previous link in list /public link(double /constructor ddata /public void displaylin... |
24,936 | /first --newlink /public void insertlast(double dd/insert at end of list link newlink new link(dd)/make new link ifisempty(/if empty listfirst newlink/first --newlink else last next newlink/old last --newlink newlink previous last/old last <-newlink last newlink/newlink <-last /public link deletefirst(/delete first lin... |
24,937 | current current nextif(current =nullreturn falselink newlink new link(dd)/move to next link /didn' find it /make new link if(current==last/if last linknewlink next null/newlink --null last newlink/newlink <-last else /not last linknewlink next current next/newlink --old next /newlink <-old next current next previous ne... |
24,938 | system out print("list (first-->last)")link current first/start at beginning while(current !null/until end of listcurrent displaylink()/display data current current next/move to next link system out println("")/public void displaybackward(system out print("list (last-->first)")link current last/start at end while(curre... |
24,939 | thelist displayforward()/display list forward thelist insertafter( )thelist insertafter( )/insert after /insert after thelist displayforward()/end main(/display list forward /end class doublylinkedapp in main(we insert some items at the beginning of the list and at the enddisplay the items going both forward and backwa... |
24,940 | arbitrary link this allows us to examine or modify the link we should be able to increment the reference so we can traverse along the listlooking at each link in turnand we should be able to access the link pointed to by the reference assuming we create such referencewhere will it be installedone possibility is to use ... |
24,941 | additional iterator features we've seen several programs where the use of previous field made it simpler to perform certain operationssuch as deleting link from an arbitrary location such field is also useful in an iterator alsoit may be that the iterator will need to change the value of the list' first fieldfor exampl... |
24,942 | we might notefor you old-time +programmersthat in +the connection between the iterator and the list is typically provided by making the iterator class friend of the list class howeverjava has no friend classeswhich are controversial in any case because they are chink in the armor of data hiding iterator methods additio... |
24,943 | delete the current link listing shows the complete interiterator java program listing the interiterator java program /interiterator java /demonstrates iterators on linked list /to run this programc>java interiterapp import java io */for / ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////class link public ... |
24,944 | return first==null/true if list is empty /public listiterator getiterator(/return iterator return new listiterator(this)/initialized with /this list /public void displaylist(link current first/start at beginning of list while(current !null/until end of listcurrent displaylink()/print data current current next/move to n... |
24,945 | //public void nextlink(/go to next link previous currentcurrent current next//public link getcurrent(/get current link return current//public void insertafter(double dd/insert after /current link link newlink new link(dd)ifourlist isempty(/empty list ourlist setfirst(newlink)current newlinkelse /not empty newlink next ... |
24,946 | double value current ddataif(previous =null/beginning of list ourlist setfirst(current next)reset()else /not beginning previous next current nextifatend(reset()else current current nextreturn value///end class listiterator ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////class interiterapp public static v... |
24,947 | system out println("list is empty")breakcase ' '/reset (to firstiter reset()breakcase ' '/advance to next item current current if!thelist isempty(&!iter atend(iter nextlink()else system out println("can' go to next link")breakcase ' '/get current item if!thelist isempty(value iter getcurrent(ddatasystem out println("re... |
24,948 | inputstreamreader isr new inputstreamreader(system in)bufferedreader br new bufferedreader(isr)string br readline()return //public static int getchar(throws ioexception string getstring()return charat( )//public static int getint(throws ioexception string getstring()return integer parseint( )/end getint(///end class in... |
24,949 | experimenting with the interiterator java program will give you feeling for how the iterator moves along the links and how it can insert and delete links anywhere in the list where does it pointone of the design issues in an iterator class is deciding where the iterator should point following various operations when yo... |
24,950 | although not shown hereyou should check with isempty(to be sure the list is not empty before calling getcurrent(the following code shows how you could delete all items with keys that are multiples of we show only the revised main(routineeverything else is the same as in interiterator java class interiterapp public stat... |
24,951 | find(method would return an item with specified key valueas we've seen when find(is list method replace(method could replace items that had certain key values with other items because it' singly linked listyou can only iterate along it in the forward direction if doubly linked list were usedyou could go either wayallow... |
24,952 | an iterator is referenceencapsulated in class objectthat points to link in an associated list iterator methods allow the user to move the iterator along the list and access the link currently pointed to an iterator can be used to traverse through listperforming some operation on selected links (or all linkssummary link... |
24,953 | an iterator is referenceencapsulated in class objectthat points to link in an associated list iterator methods allow the user to move the iterator along the list and access the link currently pointed to an iterator can be used to traverse through listperforming some operation on selected links (or all linkstriangular n... |
24,954 | the following triangle(method uses this column-based technique to find triangular number it sums all the columnsfrom height of to height of int triangle(int nint total while( total total --nreturn total/until is /add (column heightto total /decrement column height the method cycles around the loop timesadding to total ... |
24,955 | if we knew about method that found the sum of all the remaining columnsthen we could write our triangle(methodwhich returns the value of the nth triangular numberlike thisint triangle(int nreturnn sumremainingcolumns( )version/(incomplete but what have we gained hereit looks like it' just as hard to write the sumremain... |
24,956 | an answer that doesn' involve asking another person to help them if this didn' happenthere would be an infinite chain of people asking other people questionsa sort of arithmetic ponzi scheme that would never end in the case of triangle()this would mean the method calling itself over and over in an infinite series that ... |
24,957 | if( == return else returnn triangle( - )//public static string getstring(throws ioexception inputstreamreader isr new inputstreamreader(system in)bufferedreader br new bufferedreader(isr)string br readline()return //public static int getint(throws ioexception string getstring()return integer parseint( )///end class tri... |
24,958 | return else int temp triangle( - )system out println("returning temp)return temphere' the interaction when this method is substituted for the earlier triangle(method and the user enters enter number enteringn= enteringn= enteringn= enteringn= enteringn= returning returning returning returning returning triangle each ti... |
24,959 | characteristics of recursive methods although it' shortthe triangle(method possesses the key features common to all recursive routinesit calls itself when it calls itselfit does so to solve smaller problem there' some version of the problem that is simple enough that the routine can solve itand returnwithout calling it... |
24,960 | amount of dataleading to stack overflow recursion is usually used because it simplifies problem conceptuallynot because it' inherently more efficient mathematical induction recursion is the programming equivalent of mathematical induction mathematical induction is way of defining something in terms of itself (the term ... |
24,961 | , , the factorial of is defined to be factorial numbers grow large very rapidlyas you can see recursive method similar to triangle(can be used to calculate factorials it looks like thisint factorial(int nif( == return else return ( factorial( - )there are only two differences between factorial(and triangle(firstfactori... |
24,962 | anagrams here' different kind of situation in which recursion provides neat solution to problem suppose you want to list all the anagrams of specified wordthat isall possible letter combinations (whether they make real english word or notthat can be made from the letters of the original word we'll call this anagramming... |
24,963 | selected letter occupies this first positionall the other letters are then anagrammed (arranged in every possible positionfor catwhich has only lettersrotating the remaining letters simply switches them the sequence is shown in table figure rotating word table anagramming the word cat word display wordfirst letter rema... |
24,964 | doanagram(method takes the size of the word to be anagrammed as its only parameter this word is understood to be the rightmost letters of the complete word each time doanagram(calls itselfit does so with word one letter smaller than beforeas shown in figure the base case occurs when the size of the word to be anagramme... |
24,965 | listing shows the complete anagram java program the main(routine gets word from the userinserts it into character array so it can be dealt with convenientlyand then calls doanagram(listing the anagram java program /anagram java /creates anagrams /to run this programc>java anagramapp import java io */for / /////////////... |
24,966 | int jint position size newsizechar temp arrchar[position]for( =position+ <sizej++arrchar[ - arrchar[ ]arrchar[ - temp/save first letter /shift others left /put first on //public static void displayword(if(count system out print(")if(count system out print(")system out print(++count ")for(int = <sizej++system out printa... |
24,967 | here' different kind of situation in which recursion provides neat solution to problem suppose you want to list all the anagrams of specified wordthat isall possible letter combinations (whether they make real english word or notthat can be made from the letters of the original word we'll call this anagramming word ana... |
24,968 | word display wordfirst letter remaining letters action cat yes at rotate at cta yes ta rotate ta cat no at rotate cat atc yes tc rotate tc act yes ct rotate ct atc no tc rotate atc tca yes ca rotate ca tac yes ac rotate ac tca no ca rotate tca cat no at done notice that we must rotate back to the starting point with tw... |
24,969 | displayword()rotate(newsize)/if innermost/display it /rotate word each time the doanagram(method calls itselfthe size of the word is one letter smallerand the starting position is one cell further to the rightas shown in figure figure the recursive doanagram(method figure smaller and smaller words listing shows the com... |
24,970 | static char[arrchar new char[ ]public static void main(string[argsthrows ioexception system out print("enter word")/get word system out flush()string input getstring()size input length()/find its size count for(int = <sizej++/put it in array arrchar[jinput charat( )doanagram(size)/anagram it /end main(/public static vo... |
24,971 | system out printarrchar[ )system out print(")system out flush()if(count% = system out println("")//public static string getstring(throws ioexception inputstreamreader isr new inputstreamreader(system in)bufferedreader br new bufferedreader(isr)string br readline()return ///end class anagramapp the rotate(method rotates... |
24,972 | using the mouse to drag the topmost disk to another tower figure shows how this looks after several moves have been made there are three ways to use the workshop applet you can attempt to solve the puzzle manuallyby dragging the disks from tower to tower you can repeatedly press the step button to watch the algorithm s... |
24,973 | let' call the initial tree-shaped (or pyramid-shapedarrangement of disks on tower tree as you experiment with the appletyou'll begin to notice that smaller tree-shaped stacks of disks are generated as part of the solution process let' call these smaller treescontaining fewer than the total number of diskssubtrees for e... |
24,974 | only one disk ( from to this is the base casewhen you're moving only one diskyou just move itthere' nothing else to do then move the larger disk ( from to cand replace the subtree (disk on it figure recursive solution to towers puzzle the towers java program the towers java program solves the towers of hanoi puzzle usi... |
24,975 | if(topn== system out println("disk from from to "else dotowers(topn- fromtointer)/from-->inter system out println("disk topn from from to "to)dotowers(topn- interfromto)/inter-->to ///end class towersapp remember that disks are moved from to here' the output from the programdisk from to disk from to disk from to disk f... |
24,976 | enter ( disk) =ai=bd= base casemove disk from to return ( diskreturn ( disksreturn ( disksif you study this output along with the source code for dotower()it should become clear exactly how the method works it' amazing that such small amount of code can solve such seemingly complicated problem mergesort our final examp... |
24,977 | table merging operations step comparison (if anycopy compare and copy from to compare and copy from to compare and copy from to compare and copy from to compare and copy from to compare and copy from to compare and copy from to compare and copy from to copy from to copy from to notice thatbecause is empty following ste... |
24,978 | /merge java /demonstrates merging two arrays into third /to run this programc>java mergeapp ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////class mergeapp public static void main(string[argsint[arraya { }int[arrayb { }int[arrayc new int[ ]merge(arraya arrayb arrayc)display(arrayc )/end main(///merge and ... |
24,979 | /end class mergeapp in main(the arrays arrayaarrayband arrayc are createdthen the merge(method is called to merge arraya and arrayb into arraycand the resulting contents of arrayc are displayed here' the output the merge(method has three while loops the first steps along both arraya and arraybcomparing elements and cop... |
24,980 | firstin the bottom half of the arrayrange - and range - are merged into range - of course - and - aren' really rangesthey're only one elementso they are base cases similarly - and - are merged into - then ranges - and - are merged - in the top half of the array - and - are merged into - - and - are merged into - and - ... |
24,981 | into itself you may wonder where all these subarrays are located in memory in the algorithma workspace array of the same size as the original array is created the subarrays are stored in sections of the workspace array this means that subarrays in the original array are copied to appropriate places in the workspace arr... |
24,982 | other halfand how the ranges grow larger and larger the mergesort java program in moment we'll look at the entire mergesort java program firstlet' focus on the method that carries out the mergesort here it isprivate void recmergesort(double[workspaceint lowerboundint upperboundif(lowerbound =upperbound/if range is retu... |
24,983 | import java io */for / ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////class darray private double[thearray/ref to array thearray private int nelems/number of data items //public darray(int maxthearray new double[max]nelems /constructor /create array //public void insert(double valuethearray[nelemsvaluen... |
24,984 | /sort high half recmergesort(workspacemid+ upperbound)/merge them merge(workspacelowerboundmid+ upperbound)/end else /end recmergesort //private void merge(double[workspaceint lowptrint highptrint upperboundint /workspace index int lowerbound lowptrint mid highptr- int upperbound-lowerbound+ /of items while(lowptr <mid... |
24,985 | arr insert( )arr insert( )arr insert( )arr insert( )arr insert( )arr display()/display items arr mergesort()/mergesort the array arr display()/end main(/display items again /end class mergesortapp the output from the program is simply the display of the unsorted and sorted arrays if we put additional statements in the ... |
24,986 | efficiency of the mergesort as we notedthe mergesort runs in ( *logntime how do we know thislet' see how we can figure out the number of times data item must be copiedand the number of times it must be compared with another data itemduring the course of the algorithm we assume that copying and comparing are the most ti... |
24,987 | column the final column of table shows comparisonswhich we'll return to in moment it' harder to calculate the number of copies and comparisons when is not multiple of but these numbers fall between those that are power of for itemsthere are total copiesand for items total copies number of comparisons in the mergesort a... |
24,988 | for each mergethe maximum number of comparisons is one less than the number of items adding these figures for all the merges gives us total of the minimum number of comparisons is always half the number of items being mergedand adding these figures for all the merges results in comparisons similar arithmetic results in... |
24,989 | out the arithmetic necessary to compute triangular numbers this involves checking if is and adding to the results of previous recursive calls howevertriangle(also performs the operations necessary to manage the method itself these involve transfer of controlargument accessand the return address these operations are not... |
24,990 | private int maxsize/size of stack array private params[stackarrayprivate int top/top of stack //public stackx(int /constructor maxsize /set array size stackarray new params[maxsize]/create array top - /no items yet //public void push(params /put item on top of stack stackarray[++topp/increment topinsert item //public p... |
24,991 | triangle()system out println("triangle="+theanswer)/end main(//public static void rectriangle(thestack new stackx( )codepart whilestep(=false/call step(until it' true /null statement //public static boolean step(switch(codepartcase /initial call theseparams new params(thenumber )thestack push(theseparams)codepart break... |
24,992 | /end triangle /all but //public static string getstring(throws ioexception inputstreamreader isr new inputstreamreader(system in)bufferedreader br new bufferedreader(isr)string br readline()return //public static int getint(throws ioexception string getstring()return integer parseint( )///end class stacktriangleapp thi... |
24,993 | (at case pushes the value entered by the user and return value of onto the stack and moves to the entry point of simmeth((case at its entry (case )simmeth(tests whether its argument is it accesses the argument by peeking at the top of the stack if the argument is this is the base case and control goes to simmeth()' exi... |
24,994 | simplifying it and even eliminating the switch statement entirely to make the code more efficient in practicehoweverit' usually more practical to rethink the algorithm from the beginningusing stack-based approach instead of recursive approach listing shows what happens when we do that with the triangle(method listing t... |
24,995 | class stacktriangle app static int thenumberstatic int theanswerstatic stackx thestackpublic static void main(string[argsthrows ioexception system out print("enter number")system out flush()thenumber getint()stacktriangle()system out println("triangle="+theanswer)/end main(//public static void stacktriangle(thestack ne... |
24,996 | /end class stacktriangle app here two short while loops in the stacktriangle(method substitute for the entire step(method of the stacktriangle java program of coursein this program you can see by inspection that you can eliminate the stack entirely and use simple loop howeverin more complicated algorithms the stack mus... |
24,997 | howeverit' much faster than the ( sorts like the selection sort and the insertion sortand it' very easy to implementthe code is short and simple the worst-case performance is not significantly worse than the average performance (we'll see later in this that the worst-case performance for quicksort can be much worse unl... |
24,998 | figure complete -sort after the complete -sortthe array can be thought of as comprising four subarrays( , , )( , , )( , )and ( , )each of which is completely sorted these subarrays are interleavedbut otherwise independent notice thatin this particular exampleat the end of the -sort no item is more than cells from where... |
24,999 | * ( - there are other approaches to generating the interval sequencewe'll return to this issue later firstwe'll explore how the shellsort works using knuth' sequence in the sorting algorithmthe sequence-generating formula is first used in short loop to figure out the initial gap value of is used for the first value of ... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.