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1 | Title and extent of operation of the Code | Content: 1. Title and extent of operation of the Code This Act shall be called the Indian Penal Code, and shall 3 [extend to the whole of India 4 [except the State of Jammu and Kashmir ].] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
2 | Punishment of offences committed within | Content: 2. Punishment of offences committed within India Every person shall be liable to punishment under this Code and not otherwise for every act or omission contrary to the provisions thereof, of which, he shall be guilty within 5 [ India ] 6 [***]. ---------------------------------------------------------------... |
3 | Punishment of offences committed beyond but which by law may be tried within | Content: 3. Punishment of offences committed beyond but which by law may be tried within India Any person liable, by any 7 [Indian law] to be tried for an offence committed beyond 8 [ India ] shall be dealt with according to the provisions of this Code for any act committed beyond 8 [ India ] in the same manner as... |
4 | Extension of Code to extra-territorial offences | Content: 9 [4. Extension of Code to extra-territorial offences The provisions of this Code apply also to any offence committed by- 10 [(1) any citizen of India in any place without and beyond India ; (2) any person on any ship or aircraft registered in India wherever it may be.] Explanation- In this section the wo... |
5 | Certain laws not to be affected by this Act | Content: 16 [5. Certain laws not to be affected by this Act Nothing in this Act shall affect the provisions of any Act for. punishing mutiny and desertion of officers, soldiers, sailors or airmen in the service of the Government of India or the provisions of any special or local law.] ---------------------------------... |
6 | Definitions in the Code to be understood subject to exceptions | Content: 6. Definitions in the Code to be understood subject to exceptions Throughout this Code every definition of an offence, every penal provision, and every illustration of every such definition or penal provision, shall be understood subject to the exceptions contained in the Chapter entitled "General Exceptions",... |
7 | Sense of expression once explained | Content: 7. Sense of expression once explained Every expression which is explained in any part of this Code, is used in every part of this Code in conformity with the explanation. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
8 | Gender | Content: 8. Gender The pronoun "he" and its derivatives are used of any person, whether male or female. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
9 | Number | Content: 9. Number Unless the contrary appears from the context, words importing the singular number include the plural number, and words importing the plural number include the singular number. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
10 | Man, Woman | Content: 10. "Man", "Woman" The word "man" denotes a male human being of any age; the word "woman" denotes a female human being of any age. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
11 | Person | Content: 11. "Person" The word "person" includes any Company or Association or body of persons, whether incorporated or not. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
12 | Public | Content: 12. "Public" The word "public" includes any class of the public or any community. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
14 | Servant of Government | Content: 16 [14. "Servant of Government" The words "servant of Government" denote any officer or servant continued, appointed or employed in India or under the authority of Government.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
17 | Government | Content: 16 [17. "Government" The word "Government" denotes the Central Government or the Government of a 17 [***] State.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
18 | India | Content: 18 [18. " "" India " means the territory India excluding the State of Jammu and Kashmir .] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
19 | Judge | Content: 19. "Judge" The word "Judge" denotes not only every person who is officially designated as a Judge, but also every person who is empowered by law to give, in any legal proceeding, civil or criminal, a definitive judgment, or a judgment which, if not appealed against, would be definitive, or a judgment which is... |
20 | Court of Justice | Content: 20. "Court of Justice" The words "Court of Justice" denote a Judge who is empowered by law to act judicially alone, or a body of Judges which is empowered by law to act judicially as a body, when such Judge or body of Judges is acting judicially. Illustration A panchayat acting under 19 [Regulation VII, 1816, ... |
21 | Public Servant | Content: 21. "Public Servant" The words "public servant' denote a person falling under any of the descriptions hereinafter following; namely:- 20 [***] Second- Every Commissioned Officer in the Military, 21 [Naval or Air] Forces 22 [of India ]; 23 [Third- Every Judge including any person empowered by law to discharg... |
22 | Movable property | Content: 22. "Movable property" The words "movable property" are intended to include corporeal property of every description, except land and things attached to the earth or permanently fastened to anything. which is attached to the earth. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------... |
23 | Wrongful gain | Content: 23. "Wrongful gain" "Wrongful gain" is gain by unlawful means of property which the person gaining is not legally entitled. "Wrongful loss"- "Wrongful loss" is the loss by unlawful means of property to which the person losing it is legally entitled. Gaining wrongfully, losing wrongfully- A person is said to ga... |
24 | Dishonestly | Content: 24. "Dishonestly" Whoever does anything with the intention of causing wrongful gain to one person or wrongful loss to another person, is said to do that thing "dishonestly". -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
25 | Fraudulently | Content: 25. "Fraudulently" A person is said to do a thing fraudulently if he does that thing with intent to defraud but not otherwise. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
26 | Reason to believe | Content: 26. "Reason to believe" A person is said to have "reason to believe" a thing, if he has sufficient cause to believe that thing but not otherwise. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
27 | Property in possession of wife, clerk or servant | Content: 27. Property in possession of wife, clerk or servant When property is in the possession of a person's wife, clerk or servant, on account of that person, it is in that person's possession within the meaning of this Code. Explanation: A person employed temporarily or on a particular occasion in the capacity of a... |
28 | Counterfeit | Content: 28. "Counterfeit" A person is said to "counterfeit" who causes one thing to resemble another thing, intending by means of that resemblance to practice deception, or knowing. it to be likely that deception will thereby be practiced. 29 [ Explanation 1- It is not essential to counterfeiting that the imitation sh... |
29 | Document | Content: 29. "Document" The word "document" denotes any matter expressed or described upon any substance by means of letters, figures, or marks, or by more than one of those means, intended to be used, or which may be used, as evidence of that matter. Explanation 1- It is immaterial by what means or upon what substance... |
30 | Valuable security | Content: 30. "Valuable security" The words "valuable security" denote a document which is, or purports to be, a document whereby any legal right is created, extended, transferred, restricted, extinguished or released, or where by any person acknowledges that he lies under legal liability, or has not a certain legal rig... |
31 | A will | Content: 31. "A will" The words "a will" denote any testamentary document. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
32 | Words referring to acts include illegal omissions | Content: 32. Words referring to acts include illegal omissions In every part of this Code, except where a contrary intention appears from the context, words which refer to acts done extend also to illegal omissions. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
33 | Act, Omission | Content: 33. "Act", "Omission" The word "act" denotes as well a series of acts as a single act : the word "omission" denotes as well as series of omissions as a single omission. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
34 | Acts done by several persons in furtherance of common intention | Content: 30 [34. Acts done by several persons in furtherance of common intention When a criminal act is done by several persons in furtherance of the common intention of all, each of such persons is liable for that act in the same manner as if it were done by him alone.] -----------------------------------------------... |
35 | When such an act is criminal by reason of its being done with a criminal knowledge or intention | Content: 35. When such an act is criminal by reason of its being done with a criminal knowledge or intention Whenever an act, which is criminal only by reason of its being done with a criminal knowledge or intention, is done by several persons, each of such persons who joins in the act with such knowledge or intention ... |
36 | Effect caused partly by act and partly by omission | Content: 36. Effect caused partly by act and partly by omission Wherever the causing of a certain effect, or an attempt to cause that effect, by an act or by an omission, is an offence, it is to be understood that the causing of that effect partly by an act and partly by an omission is the same offence. Illustration A ... |
37 | Co-operation by doing one of several acts constituting an offence | Content: 37. Co-operation by doing one of several acts constituting an offence When an offence is committed by means of several acts, whoever intentionally co-operates in tile commission of that offence by doing any one of those acts, either singly or jointly with any other person, commits that offence. Illustrations (... |
38 | Persons concerned in criminal act may be guilty of different offences | Content: 38. Persons concerned in criminal act may be guilty of different offences Where several persons are engaged or concerned in the commission of a criminal act, they may be guilty of different offences by means of that act. Illustration A attacks Z under such circumstances of grave provocation that his killing of... |
39 | Voluntarily | Content: 39. "Voluntarily" A person is said to cause an effect "voluntarily" when he causes it by means whereby he intended to cause it, or by means which, at the time of employing, those means, he knew or had reason to believe to be likely to cause it. Illustration A sets fire, by night, to-an inhabited house in a lar... |
40 | Offence | Content: 30 [40. "Offence" Except in the 31 [Chapters] and sections mentioned in clauses 2 and 3 of this section, the word "offence" denotes a thing made punishable by this Code. In Chapter IV, 32 [Chapter VA] and in the following sections, namely, sections 33 [64, 65, 66, 34 [67], 71], 109, 110, 112, 114, 115, 116, 1... |
41 | Special law | Content: 41. "Special law" A "special law" is a law applicable to a particular subject. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
42 | Local law | Content: 42. "Local law" A "local law" is a law applicable only to a particular part of 35 [ 36 [[***] 37 [India]]. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
43 | Illegal, Legally bound to do | Content: 43. "Illegal", "Legally bound to do" The word "illegal" is applicable to every thing which is an offence or which is prohibited by law, or which furnishes ground for a civil action; and a person is said to be "legally bound to do" whatever it is illegal in him to omit. -----------------------------------------... |
44 | Injury | Content: 44. "Injury" The word "injury" denotes any harm whatever illegally caused to any person, in body, mind, reputation or property. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
45 | Life | Content: 45. "Life" The word "life" denotes the life of a human being, unless the contrary appears from the context. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
46 | Death | Content: 46. "Death" The word "death" denotes the death of a human being, unless the contrary appears from the context. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
47 | Animal | Content: 47. "Animal" The word "animal" denotes any living creature, other than a human being. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
48 | Vessel | Content: 48. "Vessel" The word "vessel" denotes anything made for the conveyance by water of human beings or of property. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
49 | Year, Month | Content: 49. "Year", "Month" Wherever the word "year" or the word "month" is used, it is to be understood that the year or the month is to be reckoned according to the British calendar. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
50 | Section | Content: 50. "Section" The word "section" denotes one of those portions of a Chapter of this Code which are distinguished by prefixed numeral figures. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
51 | Oath | Content: 51. "Oath" The word "oath" includes a solemn affirmation substituted by law for an oath, and any declaration required or authorized by law to be made before a public servant or to be used for the purpose of proof, whether in a Court of Justice or not. -----------------------------------------------------------... |
52 | Good faith | Content: 52. "Good faith" Nothing is said to be done or believed in "good faith" which is done or believed without due care and attention. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
52 | Harbor | Content: 38 [52A. "Harbor" Except in section 157, and in section 130 in the case in which the harbor is given by the wife or husband of the person harbored, the word "harbor" includes the supplying a person with shelter, food, drink, money, clothes, arms, ammunition or means or conveyance, or the assisting a person by... |
53 | Punishment | Content: 53. Punishment The punishments to which offenders are liable under the provisions of this Code are- First- Death; 39 [Secondly- Imprisonment for life;] 40 [***] Fourthly- imprisonment, which is of two descriptions, namely:- (1) Rigorous, that is, with hard labor; (2) Simple, Fifthly- Forfeiture of property; Si... |
53 | Construction of reference to transportation | Content: 41 [53A. Construction of reference to transportation (1) Subject to the provisions of sub-section (2) and sub-section (3), any reference to "transportation for life" in any other law for the time being in force or in any instrument or order having effect by virtue of any such law or of any enactment repealed ... |
54 | Commutation of sentence of death | Content: 54. Commutation of sentence of death In every case in which sentence of death shall have been passed, 43 [the appropriate Government] may, without the consent of the offender, commute the punishment for any other punishment provided by this Code. ----------------------------------------------------------------... |
55 | Commutation of sentence of imprisonment for life | Content: 55. Commutation of sentence of imprisonment for life In every case in which sentence of 44 [imprisonment] for life shall have been passed, 45 [the appropriate Government] may, without the consent of the offender, commute the punishment for imprisonment of either description for a term not exceeding fourteen ye... |
55 | Definition of appropriate Government | Content: 46 [55A. Definition of "appropriate Government" In sections 54 and 55 the expression "appropriate Government" means,- (a) in cases where the sentence is a sentence of death or is for an offence against any law relating to a matter to which the executive power of the Union extends, the Central Government; and ... |
57 | Fractions of terms of punishment | Content: 57. Fractions of terms of punishment In calculating fractions of terms of punishment, 44 [imprisonment] for life shall be reckoned as equivalent to 44 [imprisonment] for twenty years. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
60 | Sentence may be (in certain cases of imprisonment) wholly or partly rigorous or simple | Content: 60. Sentence may be (in certain cases of imprisonment) wholly or partly rigorous or simple In every case in which an offender is punishable with imprisonment which may be of either description, it shall be competent to the court which sentences such offender to direct in the sentence that such imprisonment sha... |
63 | Amount of fine | Content: 63. Amount of fine Where no sum is expressed to which a fine may extend, the amount of fine to which the offender is liable is unlimited, but shall not be excessive. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
64 | Sentence of imprisonment for non-payment of fine | Content: 64. Sentence of imprisonment for non-payment of fine 47 [In every case, of an offence punishable with imprisonment as well as fine, in which the offender is sentenced to a fine, whether with or without imprisonment, and in every case of an offence punishable 34 [with imprisonment or fine, or] with fine only, i... |
65 | Limit to imprisonment for non-payment of fine, when imprisonment and fine awardable | Content: 65. Limit to imprisonment for non-payment of fine, when imprisonment and fine awardable The term for which the Court directs the offender to be imprisoned in default of payment of a fine shall not exceed one-fourth of the term of imprisonment which is the maximum fixed for the offence, if the offence be punish... |
66 | Description of imprisonment for non-payment of fine | Content: 66. Description of imprisonment for non-payment of fine The imprisonment which the Court imposes in default of payment of a fine may be of any description to which the offender might have been sentenced for the offence. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
67 | Imprisonment for non-payment of fine, when offence punishable with fine only | Content: 67. Imprisonment for non-payment of fine, when offence punishable with fine only If the offence be punishable with fine only, 33 [the imprisonment which the Court imposes in default of payment of the fine shall be simple, and] the term for which the Court directs the offender to be imprisoned, in default of pa... |
68 | Imprisonment to terminate on payment of fine | Content: 68. Imprisonment to terminate on payment of fine The imprisonment which is imposed in default of payment of a fine shall terminate whenever that fine is either paid or levied by process of law. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
69 | Termination of imprisonment on payment of proportional part of fine | Content: 69. Termination of imprisonment on payment of proportional part of fine If, before the expiration of the term of imprisonment fixed in default of payment, such a proportion of the fine be paid or levied that the term of imprisonment suffered in default of payment is not less than proportional to the part of th... |
70 | Fine leviable within six years or during imprisonment-Death not to discharge property from liability | Content: 70. Fine leviable within six years or during imprisonment-Death not to discharge property from liability The fine, or any part thereof which remains unpaid, may be levied at any time within six years after the passing of the sentence, and if, under the sentence, the offender be liable to imprisonment for a lon... |
71 | Limit of punishment of offence made up of several offences | Content: 71. Limit of punishment of offence made up of several offences Where anything which is an offence is made up of parts, any of which parts is itself an offence, the offender shall not be punished with the punishment of more than one of such his offences, unless it be so expressly provided. 33 [Where anything is... |
72 | Punishment of person guilty of one of several offences, the judgment stating that it is doubtful of which | Content: 72. Punishment of person guilty of one of several offences, the judgment stating that it is doubtful of which In all cases in which judgment is given that a person is guilty of one of several offences specified in the judgment, but that it is doubtful of which of these offences, he is guilty, the offender shal... |
73 | Solitary confinement | Content: 73. Solitary confinement Whenever any person is convicted of an offence for which under this Code the Court has power to sentence him to rigorous imprisonment, the Court may, by its sentence, order that the offender shall be kept in solitary confinement for any portion or portions of the imprisonment to which ... |
74 | Limit of solitary confinement | Content: 74. Limit of solitary confinement In executing a sentence of solitary confinement, such confinement shall in no case exceed fourteen days at a time, with intervals between the periods of solitary confinement of not less duration than such periods; and when the imprisonment awarded shall exceed three months, th... |
75 | Enhanced punishment for certain offences under Chapter XII or Chapter XVII after previous conviction | Content: 48A [75. Enhanced punishment for certain offences under Chapter XII or Chapter XVII after previous conviction Whoever, having been convicted,- (a) by a court in 49 [India], of an offence punishable under Chapter XII or Chapter XVII of this Code with imprisonment of either description for a term of three years ... |
76 | Act done by a person bound, or by mistake of fact believing himself bound, by law | Content: 76. Act done by a person bound, or by mistake of fact believing himself bound, by law Nothing is an offence which is done by a person who is, or who by reason of a mistake of fact and not by reason of a mistake of law in good faith believes himself to be, bound by law to do it. Illustrations (a) A, a soldier, ... |
77 | Act of Judge when acting judicially | Content: 77. Act of Judge when acting judicially Nothing is an offence which is done by a Judge when acting judicially in the exercise of any power which is, or which in good faith he believes to be, given to him by law. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
78 | Act done pursuant to the judgment or order of Court | Content: 78. Act done pursuant to the judgment or order of Court Nothing which is done in pursuance of, or which is warranted by the judgment or order of, a Court of Justice; if done whilst such judgment or order remains in force, is an offence, notwithstanding the Court may have had no jurisdiction to pass such judgme... |
79 | Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself justified, by law | Content: 79. Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself justified, by law Nothing is an offence which is done by any person who is justified by law, or who by reason of a mistake of fact and not by reason of a mistake of law in good faith, believes himself to be justified by law, in doing i... |
80 | Accident in doing a lawful act | Content: 80. Accident in doing a lawful act Nothing. is an offence which is done by accident or misfortune, and without any criminal intention or knowledge in the doing of a lawful act in a lawful manner by lawful means and with proper care and caution. Illustration A is at work with a hatchet; the head flies off and k... |
81 | Act likely to cause harm, but done without criminal intent, and to prevent other harm | Content: 81. Act likely to cause harm, but done without criminal intent, and to prevent other harm Nothing is an offence merely by reason of its being done with the knowledge that it is likely to cause harm, if it be done without any criminal intention to cause harm, and in good faith for the purpose of preventing or a... |
82 | Act of a child under seven years of age | Content: 82. Act of a child under seven years of age Nothing is an offence which is done by a child under seven years of age. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
83 | Act of a child above seven and under twelve of immature understanding | Content: 83. Act of a child above seven and under twelve of immature understanding Nothing is an offence which is done by a child above seven years of age and under twelve, who has not attained sufficient maturity of understanding to judge of the nature and consequences of his conduct on that occasion. ----------------... |
84 | Act of a person of-unsound mind | Content: 84. Act of a person of-unsound mind Nothing is an offence which is done by a person who, at the time of doing it, by reason of, unsoundness of mind, is incapable of knowing the nature of the act, or that he is doing what is either wrong or contrary to law. ------------------------------------------------------... |
85 | Act of a person incapable of judgment by reason of intoxication caused against his will | Content: 85. Act of a person incapable of judgment by reason of intoxication caused against his will Nothing is an offence which is done by a person who, at the time of doing it, is, by reason of intoxication, incapable of knowing the nature of the act, or that he is doing what is either wrong, or contrary to law; prov... |
86 | Offence requiring a particular intent or knowledge committed by one who is intoxicated | Content: 86. Offence requiring a particular intent or knowledge committed by one who is intoxicated In cases where an act done is not an offence unless done with a particular knowledge or intent, a person who does the act in a state of intoxication shall be liable to be dealt with as if he had the same knowledge as he ... |
87 | Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done by consent | Content: 87. Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done by consent Nothing which is not intended to cause death, or grievous hurt, and which is not known by the doer to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, is an offence by reason of any harm which it may cause, or be intende... |
88 | Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for person's benefit | Content: 88. Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for person's benefit Nothing which is not intended to cause death, is an offence by reason of any harm which it may cause, or be intended by the doer to cause, or be known by the doer to be likely to cause, to any person for whose benefit it is... |
89 | Act done in good faith for benefit of child or insane person, by or by consent of guardian | Content: 89. Act done in good faith for benefit of child or insane person, by or by consent of guardian Nothing which is done in good faith for the benefit of a person under twelve years of age, or of unsound mind, by or by consent, either express or implied, of the guardian or other person having lawful charge of that... |
90 | Consent known to be given under fear or misconception | Content: 90. Consent known to be given under fear or misconception A consent is not such a consent as it intended by any section of this Code, if the consent is given by a person under fear of injury, or under a misconception of fact, and if the person doing the act knows, or has reason to believe, that the consent was... |
91 | Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm caused | Content: 91. Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm caused The exceptions in sections 87, 88 and 89 do not extend to acts which are offences independently of any harm which they may cause, or be intended to cause, or be known to be likely to cause, to the person giving the consent, or on whose behal... |
92 | Act done in good faith for benefit of a person without consent | Content: 92. Act done in good faith for benefit of a person without consent Nothing is an offence by reason of any harm which it may cause to a person for whose benefit it is done in good faith, even without that person's consent, if the circumstances are such that it is impossible for that person to signify consent, o... |
93 | Communication made in good faith | Content: 93. Communication made in good faith No communication made in good faith is an offence by reason of any harm to the person to whom it is made, if it is made for the benefit of that person. Illustration A, a surgeon, in good faith, communicates to a patient his opinion that he cannot live. The patient dies in c... |
94 | Act to which a person is compelled by threats | Content: 94. Act to which a person is compelled by threats Except murder, and offences against the State punishable with death, nothing is an offence which is done by a person who is compelled to do it by threats, which, at the time of doing it, reasonably cause the apprehension that instant death to that person will o... |
95 | Act causing slight harm | Content: 95. Act causing slight harm Nothing is an offence by reason that it causes, or that it is intended to cause, or that it is known to be likely to cause, any harm, if that harm is so slight that no person of ordinary sense and temper would complain of such harm. Of the Right of Private Defense ------------------... |
96 | Things done in private defense | Content: 96. Things done in private defense Nothing is an offence which is done in the exercise of the right of private defense. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
97 | Right of private defense of the body and of property | Content: 97. Right of private defense of the body and of property Every person has a right, subject to the restrictions contained in section 99, to defend- First- His own body, and the body of any other person, against any offence affecting the human body; Secondly- The property, whether movable or immovable, of hi... |
98 | Right of private defense against the act of a person of unsound mind, etc. | Content: 98. Right of private defense against the act of a person of unsound mind, etc. When an act, which would otherwise be a certain offence, is not that offence, by reason of the youth, the want of maturity of understanding, the unsoundness of mind or the intoxication of the person doing that act, or by reason of a... |
99 | Acts against which there is no right of private defense | Content: 99. Acts against which there is no right of private defense There is no right of private defense against an act which does not reasonably cause the apprehension of death or of grievous hurt, if done, or attempted to be done, by a public servant acting in good faith under colour of his office, though that act, ... |
100 | When the right of private defense of the body extends to causing death | Content: 100. When the right of private defense of the body extends to causing death The right of private defense of the body extends, under the restrictions mentioned in the last preceding section, to the voluntary causing of death or of any other harm to the assailant, if the offence which occasions the exercise of t... |
101 | When such right extends to causing any harm other than death | Content: 101. When such right extends to causing any harm other than death If the offence be not of any of the descriptions enumerated in the last preceding section, the right of private defense of the body does not extend to the voluntary causing of death to the assailant, but does extend, under the restrictions menti... |
102 | Commencement and continuance of the right of private defense of the body | Content: 102. Commencement and continuance of the right of private defense of the body The right of private defense of the body commences as soon as a reasonable apprehension of danger to the body arises from an attempt or threat to commit the offence though the offence may not have been committed; and it continues as ... |
103 | When the right of private defense of property extends to causing death | Content: 103. When the right of private defense of property extends to causing death The right of private defense of property extends, under the restrictions mentioned in section 99, to the voluntary causing of death or of any other harm to the wrong-doer, if the offence, the committing of which, or the attempting to c... |
104 | When such right extends to causing any harm other than death | Content: 104. When such right extends to causing any harm other than death If the offence, the committing of which, or the attempting to commit which, occasions the exercise of the right of private defense, be theft, mischief, or criminal trespass, not of any of the descriptions enumerated in the last preceding section... |
105 | Commencement and continuance of the right of private defense of property | Content: 105. Commencement and continuance of the right of private defense of property The right of private defense of property commences when a reasonable apprehension of dancer to the property commences. The right of private defense of property against theft continues till the offender has effected his retreat with t... |
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