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5e17228c_ards_about_Prefixes_Suffixes_2__Answer
[Question] Rrhea [Answer]
Flow; Discharge
[]
Flashcards about Prefixes/Suffixes 2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-987296
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00087-ip-10-236-191-2_732306751_3.json
5e17228c_ards_about_Prefixes_Suffixes_2__Answer
[Question] Rrhexis [Answer]
Rupture
[]
Flashcards about Prefixes/Suffixes 2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-987296
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00087-ip-10-236-191-2_732306751_3.json
5e17228c_ards_about_Prefixes_Suffixes_2__Answer
[Question] Scopy [Answer]
Visual examination
[]
Flashcards about Prefixes/Suffixes 2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-987296
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00087-ip-10-236-191-2_732306751_3.json
5e17228c_ards_about_Prefixes_Suffixes_2__Answer
[Question] Stenosis [Answer]
Tightening; Stricture
[]
Flashcards about Prefixes/Suffixes 2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-987296
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00087-ip-10-236-191-2_732306751_3.json
5e17228c_ards_about_Prefixes_Suffixes_2__Answer
[Question] Sclerosis [Answer]
Hardening
[]
Flashcards about Prefixes/Suffixes 2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-987296
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00087-ip-10-236-191-2_732306751_3.json
5e17228c_ards_about_Prefixes_Suffixes_2__Answer
[Question] Centesis [Answer]
Surgical puncture to remove fluid.
[]
Flashcards about Prefixes/Suffixes 2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-987296
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00087-ip-10-236-191-2_732306751_3.json
5e17228c_ards_about_Prefixes_Suffixes_2__Answer
[Question] Gram [Answer]
Record
[]
Flashcards about Prefixes/Suffixes 2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-987296
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00087-ip-10-236-191-2_732306751_3.json
5e17228c_ards_about_Prefixes_Suffixes_2__Answer
[Question] Graphy [Answer]
Process of recording
[]
Flashcards about Prefixes/Suffixes 2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-987296
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00087-ip-10-236-191-2_732306751_3.json
5e17228c_ards_about_Prefixes_Suffixes_2__Answer
[Question] Cephal/o [Answer]
Head
[]
Flashcards about Prefixes/Suffixes 2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-987296
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00087-ip-10-236-191-2_732306751_3.json
5e17228c_ards_about_Prefixes_Suffixes_2__Answer
[Question] Caud/o [Answer]
Lower part of body
[]
Flashcards about Prefixes/Suffixes 2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-987296
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00087-ip-10-236-191-2_732306751_3.json
5e17228c_ards_about_Prefixes_Suffixes_2__Answer
[Question] Coron/o [Answer]
Toward the head
[]
Flashcards about Prefixes/Suffixes 2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-987296
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00087-ip-10-236-191-2_732306751_3.json
5e17228c_ards_about_Prefixes_Suffixes_2__Answer
[Question] Dist/o [Answer]
Far; distant
[]
Flashcards about Prefixes/Suffixes 2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-987296
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00087-ip-10-236-191-2_732306751_3.json
5e17228c_ards_about_Prefixes_Suffixes_2__Answer
[Question] Anter/o [Answer]
Front
[]
Flashcards about Prefixes/Suffixes 2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-987296
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00087-ip-10-236-191-2_732306751_3.json
5e17228c_ards_about_Prefixes_Suffixes_2__Answer
[Question] Medi/o [Answer]
Middle
[]
Flashcards about Prefixes/Suffixes 2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-987296
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00087-ip-10-236-191-2_732306751_3.json
5e17228c_ards_about_Prefixes_Suffixes_2__Answer
[Question] Dors/o [Answer]
Back
[]
Flashcards about Prefixes/Suffixes 2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-987296
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00087-ip-10-236-191-2_732306751_3.json
5e17228c_ards_about_Prefixes_Suffixes_2__Answer
[Question] Poster/o [Answer]
Back (of body); behind
[]
Flashcards about Prefixes/Suffixes 2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-987296
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00087-ip-10-236-191-2_732306751_3.json
5e17228c_ards_about_Prefixes_Suffixes_2__Answer
[Question] Proxim/o [Answer]
Near
[]
Flashcards about Prefixes/Suffixes 2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-987296
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00087-ip-10-236-191-2_732306751_3.json
5e17228c_ards_about_Prefixes_Suffixes_2__Answer
[Question] Trans [Answer]
Across; through
[]
Flashcards about Prefixes/Suffixes 2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-987296
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00087-ip-10-236-191-2_732306751_3.json
5e17228c_ards_about_Prefixes_Suffixes_2__Answer
[Question] Later/o [Answer]
Side
[]
Flashcards about Prefixes/Suffixes 2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-987296
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00087-ip-10-236-191-2_732306751_3.json
5e17228c_ards_about_Prefixes_Suffixes_2__Answer
[Question] Ventr/o [Answer]
Belly side of body
[]
Flashcards about Prefixes/Suffixes 2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-987296
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00087-ip-10-236-191-2_732306751_3.json
5e17228c_ards_about_Prefixes_Suffixes_2__Answer
[Question] Midsagitt/o [Answer]
At the middle, from top to bottom
[]
Flashcards about Prefixes/Suffixes 2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-987296
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00087-ip-10-236-191-2_732306751_3.json
5e17228c_ards_about_Prefixes_Suffixes_2__Answer
[Question] Infer/o [Answer]
Below, beneath
[]
Flashcards about Prefixes/Suffixes 2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-987296
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00087-ip-10-236-191-2_732306751_3.json
5e17228c_ards_about_Prefixes_Suffixes_2__Answer
[Question] Necrosis [Answer]
Death of tissue
[]
Flashcards about Prefixes/Suffixes 2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-987296
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00087-ip-10-236-191-2_732306751_3.json
5e17228c_ards_about_Prefixes_Suffixes_2__Answer
[Question] Osis [Answer]
Disease, abnormal condition
[]
Flashcards about Prefixes/Suffixes 2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-987296
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00087-ip-10-236-191-2_732306751_3.json
5e17228c_ards_about_Prefixes_Suffixes_2__Answer
[Question] Ostomy [Answer]
Surgically creating a new opening or mouth
[]
Flashcards about Prefixes/Suffixes 2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-987296
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00087-ip-10-236-191-2_732306751_3.json
5e17228c_ards_about_Prefixes_Suffixes_2__Answer
[Question] Otomy [Answer]
A cutting operation
[]
Flashcards about Prefixes/Suffixes 2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-987296
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00087-ip-10-236-191-2_732306751_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] pharmaceutic phase [Answer]
the first phase of drug action, also known as dissolution
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] disintegration [Answer]
the breakdown of a tablet into smaller particles
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] dissolution [Answer]
the dissolving of smaller particles into the GI fluid before absorption
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] Rate limiting [Answer]
the time it takes the drug to disintegrate and dissolve to become avaliable to the body to absorb it
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] pharmacokinetic phase [Answer]
the process of drug movement to achieve drug action. The 4 processes are absorption, distribution, metabolism (or biotransformation) and excretion (or elimination).
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] absorption [Answer]
the movement of drug particles from the GI tract to body fluids by passive absorption, active absorption or pinocytosis
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] passive absorption [Answer]
occurs mostly by diffusion (movement from higher concentration to lower concentration); energy is not required
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] active absorption [Answer]
requires a carrier such as an enzyme or protein to move the drug against a concentration gradient; energy is required
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] pinocytosis [Answer]
is a process by which cells carry a drug accros their memebrane by engulfing the drug particles
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] *Remember* [Answer]
drugs that are lipid soluble and nonionized are absorbed faster than water-soluble ad ionized drugs
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] first-pass effect [Answer]
the process in which the drug passes to the liver first, ex: wafrarin and morphine
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] Bioavailibility [Answer]
a subcategory of absorption; it is the % of the administered drug dose that reaches the systemic circulation.
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] Factors that affect Bioavailibility [Answer]
Bioavailibility the drug form, the route, GI mucosa and motility, food and other drugs and changes in liver metabolism
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] distribution [Answer]
the process by which the drug becomes avaliable to the body fluids and body tissues
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] half-life [Answer]
the time it takes for one half of the drug concentration to be eliminated
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] elimination [Answer]
main route is through the kidneys
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] creatinine clearance [Answer]
most accurate test to determine renal function
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] pharmacodynamic [Answer]
is the study of drug concentration and its effects on the body
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] onset of action [Answer]
the time it takes to reach the minimum effective concentration (MEC) after a drug is administered
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] peak action [Answer]
occurs when the druge reaches its highest blood or plasma concentration
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] duration of action [Answer]
is the length of time the drug as a pharmacologic effect
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] time-response curve [Answer]
evaluates 3 parameters of drug action; the onset of drug action, peak action and duration of action
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] receptor families [Answer]
4 families; kinase-linked receptor, ligand-gated ion channels, G protein-coupled receptor systems and nuclear receptors
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] ligand-binding domain [Answer]
the site on the receptor in which drugs bind
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] kinase-linked receptors [Answer]
the ligand-binding domain for drug binding is on the cell surface, the drug activates the enzyme (inside the cell) and a response is initiated
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] ligand-gated ion channels [Answer]
the drug spans the cell memebrane and with this type of repetor,the channel opens, allowing for the flow of ions into and out of the cell. The ions are primarily sodium and calcium
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] G protein-coupled receptor systems [Answer]
there are 3 components to this receptor response; the receptor, G protein that binds with guanosine triphosphate and the effector that is either an enzyme or an ion channel
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] nuclear receptors [Answer]
cell nucleus and not on the surface of the cell membrane, activation of receptors through the transcription factor is prolonged
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] agonists [Answer]
drugs that produce a response
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] antagonists [Answer]
drugs that block a response
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] nonspecific drugs [Answer]
drugs that affect various sites, have properties of nonspecificity
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] nonselective drugs [Answer]
drugs that affect various receptors; have properties of nonselectivity
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] Categories of drug action [Answer]
stimulation or depression, replacement, inhibition or killing of organisms, irritation
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] theraputic index [Answer]
estimates the margin of safety of a drug through the use of a ratio that measres the effective dose (ED) in 50% of persons/animals and the lethal dose (LD) in 50% of people/animals; the close the ratio is to 1, the greater danger of toxicity
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] low theraputic index [Answer]
drugs that have a narrow margin of safety; small safety range between the ED and LD
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] high theraputic index [Answer]
drugs that have a wide margin of safety and less danger of producing toxic effects
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] theraputic range (window) [Answer]
the drug concentration that is between the minimum effective concentration in the plasma for obtaining desired drug action and the minimum toxic concentration
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] peak drug level [Answer]
the highest plasma concentration of drug at a specific time; indicates rate of absorption
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] trough drug level [Answer]
the lowest plasma concentration of a drug and it measures the rate at whichthe drug has been eliminated
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] loading dose [Answer]
a large initial dose of drug to achieve a rapid minimum effective concentration in the plasma
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] side effects [Answer]
physiologic effects not related to desired drug effects
[]
Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] pharmacogenetics [Answer]
the effect of a drug action that varies from a predicted drug response because of genetic factors or hereditary influence
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Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] tolerance [Answer]
refers to a decreased responsiveness over the course of therapy
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Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] tachyphylaxis [Answer]
refers to a rapid decrease in response to the drug; think "acute tolerance"
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Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
815f4f3e_Flashcards_about_Module_3_Kee__Answer
[Question] placebo effect [Answer]
a psychologic benefit from a compound that may not hav the chemincal structure of a drug effect
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Flashcards about Module 3 Kee
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-266940
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2_733665696_3.json
e02df804_Flashcards_about_Myobacteria__Question
[Answer] Pathogenic, opportunists, and even normal flora [Question]
The genus Mycobacterium includes what types of organisms?
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Flashcards about Myobacteria
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-815866
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00276-ip-10-236-191-2_734098534_3.json
e02df804_Flashcards_about_Myobacteria__Question
[Answer] These organisms are capable of infecting a wide variety of body tissues and systems. [Question]
What areas of the body are the mycobacteria species able to infect in humans?
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Flashcards about Myobacteria
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-815866
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00276-ip-10-236-191-2_734098534_3.json
e02df804_Flashcards_about_Myobacteria__Question
[Answer] Diarrhea, lung complications, or skin lesions [Question]
List some of the clinical manifestations caused by the mycobacteria.
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Flashcards about Myobacteria
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-815866
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00276-ip-10-236-191-2_734098534_3.json
e02df804_Flashcards_about_Myobacteria__Question
[Answer] A wide variety of specimens can be collected because these organisms can invade a wide variety of body tissues/systems. Examples include: sputums, lung, eye, skin, etc. [Question]
What types of specimens can be collected to isolate/identify Mycobacteria spp.?
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Flashcards about Myobacteria
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-815866
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00276-ip-10-236-191-2_734098534_3.json
e02df804_Flashcards_about_Myobacteria__Question
[Answer] Acid-fast staining procedures: Kinyoun and Ziehl-Neelsen methods [Question]
What are the names of the staining procedures used to identify Mycobacteria spp.?
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Flashcards about Myobacteria
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-815866
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00276-ip-10-236-191-2_734098534_3.json
e02df804_Flashcards_about_Myobacteria__Question
[Answer] The cell walls of these organisms contain a high amount of lipids (fats). Within this fat content is a waxy substance known as mycolic acid that allows these organisms to retain the primary stain and stain “acid-fast positive”. [Question]
Why do the Mycobacteria spp. stain the way they do with the acid-fast staining procedures?
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Flashcards about Myobacteria
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-815866
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00276-ip-10-236-191-2_734098534_3.json
e02df804_Flashcards_about_Myobacteria__Question
[Answer] acid-fast positive bacilli (AFB),stain red (the color of the primary stain) [Question]
What is the acid-fast staining reaction and morphology of the Mycobacteria spp.?
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Flashcards about Myobacteria
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-815866
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00276-ip-10-236-191-2_734098534_3.json
e02df804_Flashcards_about_Myobacteria__Question
[Answer] Mycobacteria spp. do not stain well with the gram stain procedure,these organisms, they would stain “gram variable”, showing both positive and negative gram staining reactions. [Question]
Do mycobacteria stain with the gram stain procedure? Explain.
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Flashcards about Myobacteria
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-815866
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00276-ip-10-236-191-2_734098534_3.json
e02df804_Flashcards_about_Myobacteria__Question
[Answer] Soil, warm and cold blooded animals [Question]
What are the natural habitats for the mycobacteria?
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Flashcards about Myobacteria
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-815866
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00276-ip-10-236-191-2_734098534_3.json
e02df804_Flashcards_about_Myobacteria__Question
[Answer] 1. slow growers 2. rapid growers 3. special growers [Question]
What are the three classifications for growth rates of Mycobacteria?
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Flashcards about Myobacteria
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-815866
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00276-ip-10-236-191-2_734098534_3.json
e02df804_Flashcards_about_Myobacteria__Question
[Answer] colonies seen on artificial media after 7+ days of incubation [Question]
Explain slow growers...
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Flashcards about Myobacteria
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-815866
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00276-ip-10-236-191-2_734098534_3.json
e02df804_Flashcards_about_Myobacteria__Question
[Answer] colonies seen on artificial media in less than 7 days, growth at 25C-37C [Question]
Explain rapid growers...
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Flashcards about Myobacteria
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-815866
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00276-ip-10-236-191-2_734098534_3.json
e02df804_Flashcards_about_Myobacteria__Question
[Answer] need special nutritional requirements to grow or have not been cultured in vitro [Question]
Explain special growers...
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Flashcards about Myobacteria
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-815866
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00276-ip-10-236-191-2_734098534_3.json
e02df804_Flashcards_about_Myobacteria__Question
[Answer] Another classification system for the Mycobacteria spp, based on the pigment production of these organisms. [Question]
What is the Runyon classification for the mycobacteria?
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Flashcards about Myobacteria
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-815866
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00276-ip-10-236-191-2_734098534_3.json
e02df804_Flashcards_about_Myobacteria__Question
[Answer] Mycobacterium tuberculosis [Question]
What is the name of the organism that causes tuberculosis?
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Flashcards about Myobacteria
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-815866
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00276-ip-10-236-191-2_734098534_3.json
e02df804_Flashcards_about_Myobacteria__Question
[Answer] Robert Koch (a German physician) [Question]
Who discovered the tuberculosis organism?
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Flashcards about Myobacteria
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-815866
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00276-ip-10-236-191-2_734098534_3.json
e02df804_Flashcards_about_Myobacteria__Question
[Answer] Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) positive, meaning it takes up and retains the primary acid-fast stain (red) [Question]
What is the acid-fast staining reaction/morphology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
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Flashcards about Myobacteria
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-815866
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00276-ip-10-236-191-2_734098534_3.json
e02df804_Flashcards_about_Myobacteria__Question
[Answer] Tuberculosis (TB) is usually asymptomatic. Left untreated patients can experience fatigue, weight loss, chronic cough, low grade fevers, anorexia [Question]
Describe the signs/symptoms of tuberculosis.
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Flashcards about Myobacteria
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-815866
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00276-ip-10-236-191-2_734098534_3.json
e02df804_Flashcards_about_Myobacteria__Question
[Answer] Infected respiratory droplets known as droplet nuclei, person-to-person through the air [Question]
What is the mode of transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis?
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Flashcards about Myobacteria
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-815866
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00276-ip-10-236-191-2_734098534_3.json
e02df804_Flashcards_about_Myobacteria__Question
[Answer] TB spreads through the lymphatic and circulatory systems to the entire body [Question]
How is tuberculosis spread throughout the body?
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Flashcards about Myobacteria
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-815866
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00276-ip-10-236-191-2_734098534_3.json
e02df804_Flashcards_about_Myobacteria__Question
[Answer] fluid filled lesions that are associated with acute, active TB—active infectious TB [Question]
What are exudative lesions?
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Flashcards about Myobacteria
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-815866
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00276-ip-10-236-191-2_734098534_3.json
e02df804_Flashcards_about_Myobacteria__Question
[Answer] nonfluid filled lesions that are associated with chronic TB—dormant, noninfectious TB [Question]
What are productive lesions?
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Flashcards about Myobacteria
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-815866
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00276-ip-10-236-191-2_734098534_3.json
e02df804_Flashcards_about_Myobacteria__Question
[Answer] a small round nodule produced from infection with TB [Question]
Define tubercle
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Flashcards about Myobacteria
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-815866
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00276-ip-10-236-191-2_734098534_3.json
e02df804_Flashcards_about_Myobacteria__Question
[Answer] a collection of cells and organisms produced from a productive TB lesion [Question]
Define granuloma
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Flashcards about Myobacteria
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-815866
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00276-ip-10-236-191-2_734098534_3.json
e02df804_Flashcards_about_Myobacteria__Question
[Answer] a “dormant” tubercle, this complex can harbor the TB organism for years, and then some “incident” can reactive the TB organism, and infection can reoccur. [Question]
Define Ghon complex
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Flashcards about Myobacteria
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-815866
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e02df804_Flashcards_about_Myobacteria__Question
[Answer] Primary and reinfection are the two patterns Primary is the acute exudative lesions type Reinfection is the chronic productive lesion type [Question]
What are the two recognized forms of tuberculosis? Explain the disease pattern of each.
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Flashcards about Myobacteria
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e02df804_Flashcards_about_Myobacteria__Question
[Answer] Yes, this is known as extramedullary TB. Why this can happen is because the organism spreads throughout the entire body by the lymphatic and circulatory systems, and can then invade all parts of the body. [Question]
Can Mycobacterium tuberculosis cause infections outside the lungs? Explain.
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Flashcards about Myobacteria
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e02df804_Flashcards_about_Myobacteria__Question
[Answer] two-step process,digestion and decontamination.Decontamination rids the specimen of other organisms that might not allow the Mycobacterium organisms to grow. Digestion allows the specimen to “liquefy” in order to get it to culture more easily. [Question]
How are specimens processed for isolation of the mycobacteria?
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Flashcards about Myobacteria
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-815866
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00276-ip-10-236-191-2_734098534_3.json
e02df804_Flashcards_about_Myobacteria__Question
[Answer] Tine test, mantoux test (chest x-ray) [Question]
What types of screening methods are presently available to check for exposure to tuberculosis?
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Flashcards about Myobacteria
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-815866
0/1438042988458.74_20150728002308-00276-ip-10-236-191-2_734098534_3.json