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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] 70 keV [Question]
To eject a K shell electron from a tungsten atom, the incoming electron must have an energy of at least
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] 15% [Question]
Characteristic radiation makes up about what percent of the primary beam?
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] magnification imaging [Question]
Multifield image intensifier tubes are usually either dual-field or tri-field and are designed this way in order to permit
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] back—closer to the input phosphor—and a smaller portion of the input phosphor is utilized, As a result, the FOV decreases and magnification increases, producing better spatial resolution [Question]
As voltage is applied to the electrostatic focusing lenses, the focal point moves
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] brightness is decreased requiring an increase in mA (therefore increased patient dose); this increase in mA increases image quality [Question]
as the focal point moves back
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), with mA being the signal [Question]
It can be likened to an increase in
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Flashcards about COMPREHENSIVE EQUIPM
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] electrostatic lenses [Question]
To maintain image clarity in an image intensifier system, the path of electron flow from the photocathode to the output phosphor is controlled by
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Flashcards about COMPREHENSIVE EQUIPM
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] a fluorescent light image [Question]
The input phosphor of an image intensifier receives remnant radiation emerging from the patient and converts it to
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] photocathode, which is made of a photoemissive alloy (usually a cesium and antimony compound) [Question]
Directly adjacent to the input phosphor is the
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Flashcards about COMPREHENSIVE EQUIPM
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] an electron image [Question]
The fluorescent light image strikes the photocathode and is converted to
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Flashcards about COMPREHENSIVE EQUIPM
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] electrostatic focusing lenses, through the accelerating anode and to the output phosphor for conversion back to light [Question]
The electrons are carefully focused, to maintain image resolution, by the
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] that it allows the use of auxiliary imaging devices such as a cine camera or spot film camera. [Question]
The big advantage of the objective lens is
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] 1. using high mA. 2. using fast film-screen combinations. [Question]
Exposures less than the minimum response time of an AEC may be required when
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Flashcards about COMPREHENSIVE EQUIPM
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] greater heat load, but more anode heel effect [Question]
steep or small target angle=
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Flashcards about COMPREHENSIVE EQUIPM
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] 1. computer manipulation of the image. 2. formation of an electronic image on the radiation detector. [Question]
Components of digital imaging include
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] 1. High-voltage transformer 2. Filament transformer [Question]
Which of the following x-ray circuit devices operate(s) on the principle of mutual induction?
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] 1. rotation of the anode. 2. diameter of the anode. 3. size of the focal spot. [Question]
Features of x-ray tube targets that function to determine heat capacity include the
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] 1. The target material should have a high atomic number and a high melting point. 2. The useful beam emerges from the port window. 3. The cathode assembly receives both low and high voltages. [Question]
Which of the following is (are) characteristics of the x-ray tube?
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] the backup timer would protect the patient from overexposure and the x-ray tube from excessive heat load. [Question]
in case the AEC fails to terminate the exposure,
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] 5000 to 20,000 [Question]
The brightness gain of image intensifiers is
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] high voltage (this is flux gain) [Question]
as the electron image is focused to the output phosphor, it is accelerated by
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] another brightness gain, termed minification gain. [Question]
the output phosphor is only a fraction of the size of the input phosphor, and this decrease in image size represents
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] the product of minification gain and flux gain. [Question]
Total brightness gain is equal to
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] smaller [Question]
As the target angle decreases, the effective (projected) focal spot becomes
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] restricting the x-ray beam as close to its source as possible. [Question]
Off-focus, or extrafocal, radiation may be minimized by
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] strike metal surfaces other than the focal track and produce x-rays that emerge with the primary beam at a variety of angles [Question]
Off-focus, or extrafocal, radiation is produced as electrons
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] indistinct images outside the collimated field [Question]
This radiation is responsible for
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] off-focus radiation [Question]
Mounting a pair of shutters as close to the source as possible minimizes
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] low-voltage circuit [Question]
The timer, autotransformer, and (prereading) kV meter are all located in the
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] is connected at the midpoint of the secondary coil of the high-voltage transformer. [Question]
The mA meter
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] 1. use a grid-controlled x-ray tube. 2. provide a direct current output. [Question]
Capacitor discharge mobile x-ray units
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] just before the exposure is made [Question]
the capacitor must be charged
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] filaments [Question]
Double-focus x-ray tubes have two
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] transfer the output phosphor image to the TV monitor [Question]
TV camera tubes used in image intensification, such as the Plumbicon and Vidicon, function to
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] The secondary coil of the step-up transformer, The step-down transformer, or filament transformer, and The rectification system [Question]
What parts of the x-ray circuit are on the secondary (high-voltage) side
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] operates on the principle of self-induction; it is a type of variable resistor that may be used to regulate filament current. [Question]
choke coil
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] 1. mA and exposure time 2. Focal spot size [Question]
Which of the following information is necessary to determine the maximum safe kVp, using the appropriate x-ray tube rating chart?
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] 120 dots [Question]
Because single-phase, full-wave-rectified current has 120 useful impulses per second, a 1-second exposure of the spinning top should demonstrate
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] six dots [Question]
a 0.05-second exposure should demonstrate
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] 1. TV camera tube. 2. CCD. [Question]
Fluorescent light is collected from the image intensifier output phosphor and converted to an electronic video signal by the
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] three-phase transformers [Question]
Star and wye configurations are related to
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] detector array [Question]
The part of a CT imaging system made of thousands of solid-state photodiodes is the
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] a gantry, a computer, and an operating console [Question]
A CT imaging system has three component parts
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] an x-ray tube, a detector array, a high-voltage generator, a collimator assembly, and a patient couch with its motorized mechanism [Question]
The gantry component includes
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] several million heat units while still having a small focal spot for optimal resolution [Question]
The CT x-ray tube must have a very high short-exposure rating and must be capable of tolerating
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] high-speed rotation [Question]
To help tolerate the very high production of heat units, the anode must be capable of
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] 1000 mA [Question]
The x-ray tube produces a pulsed x-ray beam (1–5 ms) using up to about
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] thousands of solid-state photodiodes [Question]
The scintillation detector array is made of
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] light [Question]
These scintillation crystal (cadmium tungstate or rare earth oxide ceramic crystals) photodiode assemblies convert the transmitted x-ray energy into
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] an electronic/digital signal [Question]
That light is then converted into electrical energy and finally into
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] efficiency of x-ray absorption is increased, and patient dose is decreased [Question]
If the scintillation crystals are packed tightly together so that there is virtually no distance between them,
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] approximately 90 percent [Question]
Detection efficiency is extremely high
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] the high-speed anode rotation and the production of high-energy pulsed x-ray photons [Question]
The high-voltage generator provides high-frequency power to the CT x-ray tube, enabling
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] 500–25,000 Hz [Question]
Similar to the high-frequency x-ray tubes used in projection radiography, conventional 60-Hz full-wave rectified power is converted to a higher frequency of
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] gantry's rotating wheel [Question]
The CT high-frequency generator is often mounted in the
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] two parts [Question]
The collimator assembly has
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] x-ray tube that consists of multiple beam restrictions so that the x-ray beam diverges little [Question]
The prepatient, or predetector, collimator is at the
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] patient dose and reduces the production of scattered radiation, thereby improving the CT image [Question]
This reduces
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] slice thickness [Question]
The postpatient collimator, or predetector collimator, confines the exit photons before they reach the detector array and determines
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] positioning support for the patient [Question]
The patient table, or couch, provides
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[Answer] missed anatomy and/or double-exposed anatomy [Question]
Inaccurate indexing can result in
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Flashcards about COMPREHENSIVE EQUIPM
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f29ded64_rds_about_COMPREHENSIVE_EQUIPM__Question
[Answer] improved image quality [Question]
The advantages of large format spot film cameras, such as 100 mm and 105 mm, over smaller format cameras, such as 70 mm and 90 mm, include
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Flashcards about COMPREHENSIVE EQUIPM
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[Answer] low-voltage circuit. [Question]
The timer, circuit breaker, autotransformer, kilovoltage selector switch, and (prereading) kilovoltage meter are all located in the
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Flashcards about COMPREHENSIVE EQUIPM
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[Answer] 1. decreases the source-image distance (SID). 2. decreases patient dose. 3. improves image quality. [Question]
Moving the image intensifier closer to the patient during fluoroscopy
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[Answer] distance between the x-ray tube (source) and the image intensifier (image receptor), that is, the SID [Question]
Moving the image intensifier closer to the patient during fluoroscopy reduces the
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Flashcards about COMPREHENSIVE EQUIPM
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[Answer] OID, is also reduced [Question]
It follows that the distance between the part being imaged (object) and the image intensifier (image receptor), that is, the
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[Answer] less magnification and better image quality [Question]
The shorter OID produces
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Flashcards about COMPREHENSIVE EQUIPM
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[Answer] the intensity of the x-ray photons at the image intensifier's input phosphor increases, stimulating the automatic brightness control (ABC) to decrease the mA and thereby decreasing patient dose [Question]
As the SID is reduced,
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[Answer] a technique used to produce a radiographic third dimension [Question]
Stereoscopy
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Flashcards about COMPREHENSIVE EQUIPM
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[Answer] erythrocyte [Question]
Red blood cell
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Flashcards about A Study guide 1 12
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[Answer] monocyte [Question]
White blood cell; phagocyte and precursor of a macrophage
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Flashcards about A Study guide 1 12
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[Answer] platelet [Question]
Thrombocyte
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Flashcards about A Study guide 1 12
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[Answer] hematopoietic stem cell [Question]
Bone marrow cell; gives rise to many types of blood cells
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Flashcards about A Study guide 1 12
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[Answer] lymphocyte [Question]
Leukocyte formed in lymph tissue; produces antibodies
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Flashcards about A Study guide 1 12
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[Answer] eosinophil [Question]
Leukocyte with dense, reddish granules; associated with allergic reactions
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Flashcards about A Study guide 1 12
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a52c9074_cards_about_A_Study_guide_1_12__Question
[Answer] neutrophil [Question]
Leukocyte (poly) formed in bone marrow and having neutral-staining granules
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Flashcards about A Study guide 1 12
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[Answer] basophil [Question]
Leukocyte whoes granules have an affinity for basic stain; releases histamine and heparin
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Flashcards about A Study guide 1 12
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[Answer] poikilocytosis [Question]
Irregularity in shape
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Flashcards about A Study guide 1 12
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a52c9074_cards_about_A_Study_guide_1_12__Question
[Answer] erythrocytopenia [Question]
Deficiency in numbers
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Flashcards about A Study guide 1 12
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[Answer] hypochromic [Question]
Reduction of hemoglobin ("color")
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Flashcards about A Study guide 1 12
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[Answer] microcyctosis [Question]
Increase in numbers of small cells
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[Answer] polycythemia vera [Question]
Erythremia
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Flashcards about A Study guide 1 12
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[Answer] macrocytosis [Question]
Increase in numbers of large cells
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Flashcards about A Study guide 1 12
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[Answer] erythropoiesis [Question]
formation of red cells
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Flashcards about A Study guide 1 12
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[Answer] hemolysis [Question]
Destruction of red cells
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Flashcards about A Study guide 1 12
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[Answer] palliative [Question]
Relieving, but not curing
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Flashcards about A Study guide 1 12
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[Answer] pancytopenia [Question]
Deficiency of all blood cells
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Flashcards about A Study guide 1 12
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[Answer] eosinophilia [Question]
Increase in numbers of granulocytes; seen in allergic conditions
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Flashcards about A Study guide 1 12
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[Answer] relapse [Question]
Symptoms of disease return
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[Answer] purpura [Question]
Multiple pinpoint hemorrhages; blood accumulates under the skin
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Flashcards about A Study guide 1 12
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[Answer] apheresis [Question]
Separation of blood into its components
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[Answer] remission [Question]
Symptoms of disease disappear
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a52c9074_cards_about_A_Study_guide_1_12__Question
[Answer] red blood cell morphology [Question]
A stained blood smear is examined to determine the shape of individual red blood cells
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Flashcards about A Study guide 1 12
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[Answer] hematocrit [Question]
Measures the percentage of red blood cells in a volume of blood
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Flashcards about A Study guide 1 12
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[Answer] platelet count [Question]
Determines the number of clotting cells per cubic millimeter
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Flashcards about A Study guide 1 12
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[Answer] coagulation time [Question]
Ability of venous blood to clot in a test tube
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Flashcards about A Study guide 1 12
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a52c9074_cards_about_A_Study_guide_1_12__Question
[Answer] erthrocyte sedimentation rate [Question]
Measures the speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma
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Flashcards about A Study guide 1 12
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a52c9074_cards_about_A_Study_guide_1_12__Question
[Answer] WBC differential [Question]
Determines the numbers of different types of WBCs
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Flashcards about A Study guide 1 12
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[Answer] Coombs test [Question]
Determines the presence of antibodies in infants of Ph-negative women or patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia
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Flashcards about A Study guide 1 12
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[Answer] hematopoietic stem cell transplant [Question]
Undifferentiated blood cells from a donor are infused into a patient being treated for leukemia or aplastic anemia
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Flashcards about A Study guide 1 12
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