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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Incomplete tape erasure, Tape drag within the apparatus, Battery depletion, Loose connection, and Movement of electrodes [Question]
Recording Artifact can result from the following
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Flashcards about STUDY CCMA for NHA2
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] One of the essentials of quality care of a patient who is having an acute myocardial infarction [Question]
Pharmacological Therapy
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Oxygen, Epinephrine, Isoproterenol(Isuprel),Dopamine(Intropin), Beta Blockers,Lidocaine, Verapamil, Digitalis,Morphine Sulfate, Nitroglycerin [Question]
Common Pharmacological Agents used for Myocardial Infarction patients:
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Oxygen should be given to all patients with acute chest pain that may be due to cardiac ischemia, suspected hypoxemia of any cause, and cardiopulmary arrest [Question]
Oxygen
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] is indicated in the management of cardiac arrest. The chance of successful defibrillation is enhanced by administration of epinephrine and proper oxygenation [Question]
Epinephrine
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Produces an overall increase in heart rate and myocardial contractility, but newer agents have replaced it in most clinical settings. [Question]
Isoproterenol(Isuprel)
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] is indicated for significant hypotension in the absence of hypovolemia [Question]
Dopamine(Intropin)
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Reduce heart rate, blood pressure, myocardial contractility, and myocardial oxygen consumption which make them effective in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. [Question]
Beta Blockers: Propranolol, Metoprolol, Atenolol, and Esmolol
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] is the drug of choice for the suppression of ventricular ectopy, including ventricular tachycardia and ventricular flutter. Excessive doses can produce neurological changes, myocardial depression, and circulatory depression [Question]
Lidocaine
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] used in treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia(PSVT), effective in terminating more than 90% of episodes of PSVT in adults and infants. Also useful in slowing ventricular response to atrial futter and fibrillation [Question]
Verapamil
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] increases the force of cardiac contraction as well as cardiac output. [Question]
Digitalis
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] the traditional drug of choice for the pain and anxiety associated with acute myocardial infarction. In high doses, morphine sulfate may cause respiratory depression. It is a controlled substance and has a tendency for abuse and addiction [Question]
Morphine Sulfate
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] is a powerful smooth muscle relaxant effective in relieving angina pectoris. [Question]
Nitroglycerin
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] this system is to deliver oxygen, nutrients, horomones, and enzymes to the cells and to transport cellular waste such as carbon dioxide and urea to the organs where they can be expelled from the body. [Question]
Circulatory System
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, superior and inferior vena cavae [Question]
Blood Vessels are:
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] The outer connective tissue layer(tunica adventitia). The middle smooth muscle layer(tunica media) and the Inner endothelial layer(tunica intima) [Question]
All blood vessels, except for the capillaries are composed of these three layers:
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the various parts of the body [Question]
What do the aorta, arteries, and arterioles do?
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart [Question]
What do the venules, veins and superior and inferior vena cavae do?
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Aterial and Venous blood [Question]
Capillary blood is a mixture of:
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] 5-6 Liters [Question]
The average adult has how many liters of blood?
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] 'plasma' [Question]
What is the liquid portion of blood called?
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] 'formed elements' [Question]
What is the cellular portion of blood called?
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] is 55% of the blood and it contains proteins, amino acids, gases electrolytes,sugars,hormones,minerals,vitamins, and water 92%. Also waste products such as urea that are destined for excretion [Question]
What does plasma consist of?
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] the remaining 45% of the blood. They are erythrocytes(RBCs) which comprise 99% of the formed elements, the leukocytes(WBCs) and the thrombocytes(platelets). All blood cells normally originate from stem cells in the bone marrow [Question]
what do the formed elements consist of?
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Contain hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein. [Question]
Erythrocytes(RBCs)
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] An immature RBC, that after 1-2 days, it matures into an erythrocyte. [Question]
Reticulocyte
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] 4.2 to 6.2 million [Question]
How many RBCs are there per microliter of blood?
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] 120 days [Question]
What is the normal life span of an RBC?
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Small irregularly shaped packets of cytoplasm formed in the bone marrow from megakaryocytes. Essential for blood coagulation [Question]
Thrombocytes(Platelets)
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] 140,000 to 440,000 per micro liter of blood [Question]
What is the average number of platelets is
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] 9 to 12 days [Question]
What is the life span of Thrombocytes(platelets)
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Function is to provide the body protection against infection [Question]
Leukocytes(WBCs)
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] 5,000 to 10,000 per microliter [Question]
What is the normal amount of WBCs for an adult?
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] An increase in WBCs which is seen in cases of infection and leukemia [Question]
Leukocytosis
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] A decrease in WBCs which is seen with viral infection or chemotherapy [Question]
Leukopenia
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophilis [Question]
The 5 types of WBCs in the blood
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Is the process by which blood vessels are repaired after injury [Question]
Hemostasis
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] From Vascular contraction as an initial reaction to injury, then to clot formation, and finally removal of the clot when the repair to injury is done [Question]
How does the process of Hemostasis start?
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Stage 1: Vascular Phase, Stage 2: Platelet Phase, Stage 3: Coagulation Phase, Stage 4: Fibrinolysis [Question]
What are the four stages of Hemostasis?
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Social, Clerical, Technical [Question]
The Medical Assistant uses three skills when contacting patients for phlebotomy:
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Patient's name and age from ID plate or wristband/ID number/Date and time the specimen is obtained/Name or initials of person who obtains the specimen/Accessioning number/Department for which work is being done/Other info [Question]
Blood request forms should include:
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] The process of obtaining blood from a patient's vein [Question]
Venipuncture
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Fasting/Edema/Fistula [Question]
Factors to consider prior to performing the procedure:
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] some tests such as those for glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides require that the patient abstain from eating for at least 12 hours [Question]
Fasting
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] The accumulation of fluid in the tissues. Collection from edematous tissue alters test results [Question]
Edema
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] The permanent surgical connection between an artery and a vein. Fistulas are used for dialysis procedures and must never be used for venipunctures due to the possibility of infection [Question]
Fistula
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Laboratory requisition slip&pen/antiseptic/vacutainer tubes/vacutainer needles/needle adapters/winged infusion sets/ sterile syringes and needles/tourniquets/chux/specimen labels/gloves/needle disposal container [Question]
Necessary supplies for performing venipuncture?
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] The antecubital fossa of the upper extremities. [Question]
What is the preferred site for venipuncture?
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Median cubital vein/Cephalic vein/Basilic vein [Question]
What are the 3 major veins located in the antecubital fossa?
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] The vein of choice because it is large and does not tend to move when the needle is inserted [Question]
Median cubital vein
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[Answer] The second choice. It is usually difficult to locate and has a tendency to move, however, it is often the only vein that can be palpated in the obese patien [Question]
Cephalic vein
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[Answer] The third choice. It is the least firmly anchored and located near the brachial artery. If the needle is inserted too deep, this artery may be punctured [Question]
Basilic vein
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Sclerosed veins/Thrombotic veins/Tortuous veins [Question]
Unsuitable veins for venipuncture are:
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] These veins feel hard or cordlike. Can be caused by disease,infammation,chemotherapy or repeated venipunctures [Question]
Sclerosed Veins
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[Answer] These are sinding or crooked veins. These veins are susceptible to infection, and since blood flow is impaired, the specimen collected may produce erroneous test results [Question]
Tortuous Veins
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] 1:Blood Cultures/2:Light Blue top tubes/3:Serum or non-additive tube(Red or Red/Gray top)/4:Green top tubes/5:Lavender top tubes/6:Gray top tubes [Question]
Order to Draw:
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] BeCause=Blood Cultures,Better=Blue,Specimens=Serum(Red),Generate=Green,Perfect=Purple(Lavender),Goals=Gray [Question]
Simple way to remember order of draw: "BeCause Better Specimens Generate Perfect Goals"
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[Answer] Patient misidentification,Improper time of collection,Inadequate fast,Exercise, Patient posture, Poor coordination with other treatments,Improper site preparation,Medication interference [Question]
Analytic Errors that can be made BEFORE blood collection:
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Flashcards about STUDY CCMA for NHA2
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Extended tourniquet time, Hemolysis, Wrong order of draw, Failure to invert tubes, Faulty technique, Under filling tubes [Question]
Analytical Errors that can be made DURING blood collection:
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Flashcards about STUDY CCMA for NHA2
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Failure to seperate serum from cell, Improper use of serum separator, Processing delays, Exposure to light, Improper storage conditions, Rimming clots [Question]
Analytical Errors that can be made AFTER blood collection:
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] DO NOT: label the tubes prior to the venipuncture,leave the patient's room before labeling the tubes,dismiss an outpatient before labeling the tubes, label tubes using a pencil, leave the patient until you checked&ensure that bleeding stopped [Question]
What not to do when collecting blood specimen:
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[Answer] Most common of phlebotomy procedure.This indicates that blood has accumulated in the tissue surrounding the ven. The two most common causes are the needle going through the vein, and/or failure to apply enough pressure on the site after needle withdrawal [Question]
Hematoma
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] The increase in proportion of formed elements to plasma caused by the tourniquet being left on too long.(More than 2 mins) [Question]
Hemoconcentration
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[Answer] These are tiny non-raised red spots that appear on the skin from rupturing of the capillaries due to the tourniquet being left on too long or too tight [Question]
Petechiae
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Infammation of a vein as a result of repeated venipuncture on that vein [Question]
Phlebitis
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[Answer] This is a blood clot usually a consequence of insufficient pressure applied after the withdrawal of the needle [Question]
Thrombus
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Inflammation of a vein with formation of a clot [Question]
Thrombophlebitis
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] This is a systemic infection associated with the presence of pathogenic organism introduced during a venipuncture [Question]
Septicemia
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[Answer] This is an injury to underlying tissues caused by probing of the needle [Question]
Trauma
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] A manufacturing defect,Expired tube,A very fine crack in the tube,Improperly positioned needle,The bevel of the needle is resting against the wall of the vein,The needle has passed through the vein,The vein was missed completely,Collapsed vein [Question]
Some of the common causes of FAILURE TO OBTAIN BLOOD:
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[Answer] Often used to monitor the level of a specific substance or condition in the patient ` [Question]
Timed specimens
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] To measure blood levels of substances exhibiting diurnal variation,To determine blood levels of medications,To monitor changes in a patient's condition [Question]
Blood is drawn at specific times for different reasons:
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Test is used to evaluate diabetes mellitus.Fasting glucose level is compared with the level 2 hours after eating a full meal or ingesting a measured amount of glucose [Question]
Two-Hour Postprandial Test
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[Answer] This test is used to diagnose diabetes mellitus and evaluate patients with frequent low blood sugar. 3-hour OGTT is used to test hyperglycemia and diagnose diabetes mellitus. [Question]
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test(OGTT)
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[Answer] Abnormally high blood sugar level [Question]
Hyperglycemia
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Abnormally low blood sugar level [Question]
Hypoglycemia
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Test is used to monitor the blood levels of certain medication to ensure patient safety and also maintain a plasma level [Question]
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Ordered to detect presence of microorganisms in the patient's blood [Question]
Blood Cultures(BC)
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Ordered for infants to detect phenylketonuria, a genetic disease that causes mental retardation and brain damage. [Question]
PKU(phenylketonuria)
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Antibodies produced in response to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection(atypical pneumonia). The antibodies formed may attach to red blood cells at temp below body temp, and the specimen must be kept warm until the serum is seperated from cells. [Question]
Cold Agglutinins
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] 37 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes [Question]
Blood is collected in red-topped tubes pre-warmed in the incubator at what temp and for how long?
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Arterial blood gases, ammonia, lactic acid, pyruvate, ACTH, gastrin, parathyroid hormone [Question]
Chilled Specimens: Some tests require that the specimen collected be chilled immediately after collection in crushed ic or ice and water mixture. Some of these tests are:
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[Answer] Bilirubin, beta-carotene, Vitamins A&B6, and porphyrins [Question]
Light-Sensitive Specimens:Specimens are protected from light by wrapping the tubes in aluminum foil immediately after they are drawn. Exposure to light could alter the test results for:
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] One the heel, in the medial and lateral areas of the plantar surface of the foot. [Question]
Where is a dermal puncture done on an infant less than 1 year of age?
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] The distal segment of the third or fourth finger of the non-dominant hand.Puncture is made in the fleshy portion of the finger slightly to the side of the center perpendicular to the lines of the fingerprint. [Question]
Where is the recommended site for dermal puncture for older children and adults?
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] 1)Lavender tube 2)Tubes with other additives 3)Tubes without additives [Question]
Order of draw for capillary specimens:
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Contains the anticoagulant ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). EDTA inhibits coagulation by binding to calcium present in the specimen. [Question]
Lavender Top Tube
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] 8 times [Question]
How many times are Lavender Top Tubes inverted?
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] CBC(Complete Blood Count),Includes:RBC Count, WBC count and Platelet count; WBC diferential count, Hemoglobin and Gematocrit determinations;Sickle Cell Screening [Question]
What kind of tests are done with Lavender Top Tubes?
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Contains the anticoagulant Sodium Citrate, which also prevents coagulation to calcium in the specimen. Inverted 3-4 times [Question]
Light-Blue Top Tube
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Prothrombin Time(PT),Activated Partial THromboplastin Time(APTT,PTT),Fibrinogin Degradation Products(FDP),Thrombin Time(TT);Bleeding Time(BT [Question]
Common tests done with Light-Blue Top tube
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[Answer] Contains the anticoagulant Heparin combined with sodium,lithium, or ammonium ion. Heparin works by inhibiting thrombin in the coagulation cascade.Inverted 8 times [Question]
Green Top Tube
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Chemistry tests:performed on plasma such as Ammonia, carboxyhemoglobin and STAT electrolytes [Question]
Common tests done with Green Top Tube
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Sterile. Used to collect specimens to be cultured for the presence of microorganisms [Question]
Yellow Top Tube
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Quality Control [Question]
QC
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Purpose is to provide reliable data about the patient's health status by ensuring the accuracy of test results while detecting and eliminating errors [Question]
Quality Control(QC)
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] A substance of known value essentially free of impurities and have close to a "true" value. [Question]
Standards
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d57a4fc8_ards_about_STUDY_CCMA_for_NHA2__Question
[Answer] Clinical Chemistry/Hematology/Microbiology/and Blood Bank [Question]
Four sections of a Clinical Laboratory
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[Answer] This department deals with various components of blood:WBCs/RBCs/Platelets. CBC is the most common test performed. [Question]
Functions of the Hematology Section of the Lab
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[Answer] These tests are done to determine discrepancies in the clotting mechanism, the most common of which are prothombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time [Question]
Coagulation Tests
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