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6db9a677_cards_about_iolani_eng_8_vocab__Question
[Answer] arranged in an agreement [Question]
stipulated- v
[]
Flashcards about iolani eng 8 vocab
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-300040
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00301-ip-10-236-191-2_716571360_3.json
6db9a677_cards_about_iolani_eng_8_vocab__Question
[Answer] a declaration in which something is given up [Question]
renunciation- n
[]
Flashcards about iolani eng 8 vocab
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-300040
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00301-ip-10-236-191-2_716571360_3.json
6db9a677_cards_about_iolani_eng_8_vocab__Question
[Answer] sharp, keen [Question]
acute- adj
[]
Flashcards about iolani eng 8 vocab
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-300040
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00301-ip-10-236-191-2_716571360_3.json
6db9a677_cards_about_iolani_eng_8_vocab__Question
[Answer] thought of [Question]
conceived- adj
[]
Flashcards about iolani eng 8 vocab
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-300040
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00301-ip-10-236-191-2_716571360_3.json
6db9a677_cards_about_iolani_eng_8_vocab__Question
[Answer] to disturb; annoy [Question]
vex- v
[]
Flashcards about iolani eng 8 vocab
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-300040
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00301-ip-10-236-191-2_716571360_3.json
6db9a677_cards_about_iolani_eng_8_vocab__Question
[Answer] smother [Question]
stifled- adj
[]
Flashcards about iolani eng 8 vocab
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-300040
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00301-ip-10-236-191-2_716571360_3.json
6db9a677_cards_about_iolani_eng_8_vocab__Question
[Answer] a crack [Question]
crevice- n
[]
Flashcards about iolani eng 8 vocab
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-300040
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00301-ip-10-236-191-2_716571360_3.json
6db9a677_cards_about_iolani_eng_8_vocab__Question
[Answer] cautiously, secretly [Question]
stealthily- adv
[]
Flashcards about iolani eng 8 vocab
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-300040
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00301-ip-10-236-191-2_716571360_3.json
6db9a677_cards_about_iolani_eng_8_vocab__Question
[Answer] shameless daring or boldness [Question]
audacity- n
[]
Flashcards about iolani eng 8 vocab
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-300040
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00301-ip-10-236-191-2_716571360_3.json
6db9a677_cards_about_iolani_eng_8_vocab__Question
[Answer] with intense emotion [Question]
vehemently- adv
[]
Flashcards about iolani eng 8 vocab
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-300040
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00301-ip-10-236-191-2_716571360_3.json
6db9a677_cards_about_iolani_eng_8_vocab__Question
[Answer] ridicule [Question]
derision- n
[]
Flashcards about iolani eng 8 vocab
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-300040
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00301-ip-10-236-191-2_716571360_3.json
6db9a677_cards_about_iolani_eng_8_vocab__Question
[Answer] false or deceptive, like a person who is pretending to be what he or she is not [Question]
hypocritical- adj
[]
Flashcards about iolani eng 8 vocab
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-300040
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00301-ip-10-236-191-2_716571360_3.json
6db9a677_cards_about_iolani_eng_8_vocab__Question
[Answer] to free from a tangle or difficulty [Question]
extricate- v
[]
Flashcards about iolani eng 8 vocab
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-300040
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00301-ip-10-236-191-2_716571360_3.json
6db9a677_cards_about_iolani_eng_8_vocab__Question
[Answer] cleaning feathers with a beak [Question]
preening- n
[]
Flashcards about iolani eng 8 vocab
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-300040
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00301-ip-10-236-191-2_716571360_3.json
6db9a677_cards_about_iolani_eng_8_vocab__Question
[Answer] excessively bold, confident, or shameless [Question]
presumptuous- adj
[]
Flashcards about iolani eng 8 vocab
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-300040
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00301-ip-10-236-191-2_716571360_3.json
6db9a677_cards_about_iolani_eng_8_vocab__Question
[Answer] the region remote from the central district of a city or town [Question]
outskirts- n
[]
Flashcards about iolani eng 8 vocab
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-300040
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00301-ip-10-236-191-2_716571360_3.json
6db9a677_cards_about_iolani_eng_8_vocab__Question
[Answer] showing ill will, spiteful [Question]
malicious- adj
[]
Flashcards about iolani eng 8 vocab
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-300040
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00301-ip-10-236-191-2_716571360_3.json
6db9a677_cards_about_iolani_eng_8_vocab__Question
[Answer] danger [Question]
peril- n
[]
Flashcards about iolani eng 8 vocab
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-300040
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00301-ip-10-236-191-2_716571360_3.json
6db9a677_cards_about_iolani_eng_8_vocab__Question
[Answer] looking over carefully; inspecting [Question]
surveying- adj
[]
Flashcards about iolani eng 8 vocab
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-300040
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00301-ip-10-236-191-2_716571360_3.json
6db9a677_cards_about_iolani_eng_8_vocab__Question
[Answer] a facial expression of pain or disgust [Question]
grimace- n
[]
Flashcards about iolani eng 8 vocab
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-300040
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00301-ip-10-236-191-2_716571360_3.json
6db9a677_cards_about_iolani_eng_8_vocab__Question
[Answer] a power that is supposed to determine the course of events [Question]
fate- n
[]
Flashcards about iolani eng 8 vocab
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-300040
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00301-ip-10-236-191-2_716571360_3.json
6db9a677_cards_about_iolani_eng_8_vocab__Question
[Answer] a tendency to believe too easily; gullibility [Question]
credulity- n
[]
Flashcards about iolani eng 8 vocab
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-300040
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00301-ip-10-236-191-2_716571360_3.json
66686a09_ashcards_about_JBE_Forecasting__Answer
[Question] forecast [Answer]
A prediction of future weather patterns.
[]
Flashcards about JBE_Forecasting
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-709293
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00096-ip-10-236-191-2_725858014_3.json
66686a09_ashcards_about_JBE_Forecasting__Answer
[Question] rain gauge [Answer]
A tool used to collect and measure rainfall.
[]
Flashcards about JBE_Forecasting
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-709293
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00096-ip-10-236-191-2_725858014_3.json
66686a09_ashcards_about_JBE_Forecasting__Answer
[Question] thermometer [Answer]
A tool used for measuring temperature.
[]
Flashcards about JBE_Forecasting
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-709293
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00096-ip-10-236-191-2_725858014_3.json
66686a09_ashcards_about_JBE_Forecasting__Answer
[Question] anemometer [Answer]
An instrument that measures wind speed.
[]
Flashcards about JBE_Forecasting
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-709293
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00096-ip-10-236-191-2_725858014_3.json
66686a09_ashcards_about_JBE_Forecasting__Answer
[Question] meteorologist [Answer]
A scientist who studies changes in the atmosphere.
[]
Flashcards about JBE_Forecasting
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-709293
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00096-ip-10-236-191-2_725858014_3.json
66686a09_ashcards_about_JBE_Forecasting__Answer
[Question] Beaufort wind scale [Answer]
Document which indicates wind speeds based on the wind's observable effects.
[]
Flashcards about JBE_Forecasting
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-709293
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00096-ip-10-236-191-2_725858014_3.json
66686a09_ashcards_about_JBE_Forecasting__Answer
[Question] barometer [Answer]
An instrument that measures the pressure of the atmosphere.
[]
Flashcards about JBE_Forecasting
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-709293
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00096-ip-10-236-191-2_725858014_3.json
66686a09_ashcards_about_JBE_Forecasting__Answer
[Question] humidity [Answer]
How much water vapor, or moisture, is in the air.
[]
Flashcards about JBE_Forecasting
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-709293
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00096-ip-10-236-191-2_725858014_3.json
66686a09_ashcards_about_JBE_Forecasting__Answer
[Question] Fahrenheit [Answer]
Most commonly used measurement of the air temperature (in USA). 32 degrees is freezing & 212 degrees is boiling
[]
Flashcards about JBE_Forecasting
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-709293
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00096-ip-10-236-191-2_725858014_3.json
66686a09_ashcards_about_JBE_Forecasting__Answer
[Question] Celsius [Answer]
Measurement of the air temperature (used by scientist & many other countries). 0 degrees is freezing & 100 degrees is boiling
[]
Flashcards about JBE_Forecasting
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-709293
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00096-ip-10-236-191-2_725858014_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] subunit vaccines [Answer]
consist of one or more surface proteins from the virus or bacteria
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] Hepatitis B viral vaccine [Answer]
surface protein cloned into yeast expression vector, purified from yeast and packaged for use as a vaccine
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] Gardasil [Answer]
recombinant capsid proteins provide immunity against HPV
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] edible vaccines [Answer]
can be produced in food plants. decreas cost of production, avoids needles, no refrigeration required no need for sterile conditions to administer, constant source of recombinant protein
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] Bt transgenic crops [Answer]
have built in insecticide protection to insect pests
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] gene testing is one of the first [Answer]
successful applications of recombinant DNA technology
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] Two examples of prenatal tests [Answer]
amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] ASO's (allele-specific oligonucleotides) [Answer]
short single stranded fragments of DNA; used as probes to identify different alleles; can differ by as little as one nucleotide (SNPs)
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) [Answer]
genetic analysis of single cells from embryos created by in vitro fertilization
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] genotyping microarrays are used to [Answer]
detect mutations in specific genes such as p53 which is commonly associated with cancers
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] genome scanning [Answer]
allows analysis of DNA for dozens or hundreds of disease alleles
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) [Answer]
a microarray technique, identifies copy number variations
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] genome wide association studies(GWAS) [Answer]
identify genome variations that contribute to disease
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] gene therapy [Answer]
transferring specific genes into mamalian cells to treat genetic disorders
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) [Answer]
was the first disease to be treated with gene therapy
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] structural genomics [Answer]
focuses on the sequencing of genomes, analyzing nucleotide sequences to identify genes/ gene regulatory elements
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] two methods to genome sequencing [Answer]
1)clone-by-clone method 2)whole genome shotgun method (shotgun cloning)
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] clone-by-clone method of genome sequencing [Answer]
generates contigs that are aligned by restriction mapping; overlapping clones are sequenced. organized sequencing of contigs form a restriction map instead of random sequencing and assembly
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] shotgun cloning method of genomic sequencing [Answer]
genomic DNA cut into contigs. overlapping sequenced fragments aligned using computer programs to assemble an entire chromosome; fragments aligned based on identical DNA sequences
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] bioinformatics [Answer]
uses computer based approaches to organize, share and analyze data related to gene structure, gene sequence and expression, and protein structure and function
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] annotation [Answer]
the process of identifying gene, their regulatory sequences and their functions
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] open reading frames (ORFs) [Answer]
stretches of nucleotides that when translated to protein by computer analysis generate a series of amino acids prior to a stop codon; suggestive of a protein encoding gene
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] functional genomics [Answer]
study of gene functions based on possible RNAs or proteins they encode;study of regulatory element function
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] orthologs [Answer]
homologous genes in different species(arise through speciation)
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] paralogs [Answer]
homologous genes in same species (arise through duplication)
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) [Answer]
single base changes in the genome; many associated with disease conditions
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] copy number variations (CNVs) [Answer]
segments of DNA that are duplicated or deleted
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] ENCODE (Encyclopedia of DNA Elements) [Answer]
created with the aim to use both experimental approaches and bioinformatics to identify and analyze functional elements that regulate expression of human genes
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] Comparative Genomics [Answer]
compares the genomes of different organisms in order to answer questions about genetics and other aspects of biology
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] eukaryotic genomes have several features not found in prokaryotes [Answer]
1)gene density that varies from chromosome to chromosome 2)introns 3)repetitive sequences
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] transcriptome analysis [Answer]
studies gene expression qualitatively by identifying which genes are expressed and which are not; and quantitatively by measuring the varying levels of expression of different genes
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] microarray analysis [Answer]
enables simultaneous analysis of all of a sample's expressed genes
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] proteomics [Answer]
the identification and characterization and quantitative analysis of all proteins encoded by the genome of a cell, tissue, or organism
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] typical proteomic analysis [Answer]
cells exposed to different conditions, proteins extracted, separated by 2DGE, spots of interest cut out, digested into peptide fragments and analyzed by mass spectrometry
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
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68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] systems biology [Answer]
incorporates data from genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics,etc. to further elucidate components of interacting pathways
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] Pharmacogenomics [Answer]
the study of how an individual's genetic makeup detemines the body's response to drugs
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] restriction enzymes [Answer]
bind to a specific recognition sequence (restriction site); cleaves DNA to produce restriction fragments; most of these recognition sequences are palindromic; often cut in a staggered way, leaving "sticky ends"
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
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68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] plasmid [Answer]
an extrachromosomal double-stranded DNA molecule that replicates independently from bacterial chromosomes
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] transformation [Answer]
the process by which plasmids are introduced using calcium ions and brief heat shock to pulse DNA into cells; electroporation is an alternative to this method
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] cDNA libraries are prepared by [Answer]
isolating mRNA from cells, synthesizing the complementary DNA using reverse transcriptase, and cloning the cDNA molecules into a vector
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] a restriction map of cloned DNA segment establishes [Answer]
the number and order of restriction sites and the distance between restriction sites
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] southern blotting(DNA) is used to [Answer]
find a particular clone in a library, characterize the size of the fragments from restriction digest, determine whether a clone conatains all or part of a gene
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] Northern blotting (RNA) is used to [Answer]
determine whether a gene is actively being expressed in a given cell or tissue and to study the patterns of gene expressions in embryonic tissues, cancer and genetic disorders
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] Sanger sequencing [Answer]
the most common method of DNA sequencing. also called dideoxynucleotide chain termination sequencing. it involves the addition of a small amount of one dideoxynucleotide(ddNTP)which causes DNA synthesis to terminate
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] Next generation sequencing [Answer]
1)DNA fragments on beads amplified by PCR 2)DNA on beads subjected to pyrosequencing reaction 3)light emitted by pyrosequencing reactions captured by detector
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Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] Stages of tumor development [Answer]
1)cell with genetic mutation 2)hyperplasia 3)dysplasia 4)in situ cancer 5)invasive cancer
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] clonal [Answer]
orginated from a common ancestral cell that accumulated specific mutations
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] defects in cancer cells affect [Answer]
genomic stability, DNA repair and chromatin modification
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] cancer cells have altered [Answer]
DNA methylation patterns
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] histone modifications are ______ in cancer cells [Answer]
disrupted
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] apoptosis [Answer]
programmed cell death involving DNA fragmentation, digestion of cellular components, membrane blebbing, and apoptotic bodies being engulfed by phagocytes
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] the relative concentrations of the ____ and ___ proteins regulate apoptosis [Answer]
Bcl2; BAX
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] regulation of levels of Bcl2 and BAX can [Answer]
trigger or prevent apoptosis
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] cancer cells that overexpress Bcl2 are [Answer]
resistant to chemotherapy/radiation
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] p53 [Answer]
induces the expression of BAX; encodes transcription factor; can arrest the cell cycle at several phases; mutated in more than 50% of cancer cells
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
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[Question] proto-oncogenes [Answer]
normally stimulate cell proliferation. encode transcription factors, signal transduction molecules that stimulate cell division and cell cycle regulators
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] tumor suppressor genes [Answer]
normally inhibit cell proliferation
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] oncogene [Answer]
mutant proto-oncogene (GOF mutation;dominant); stimulates UNREGULATED cell proliferation
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] signal transduction initiates [Answer]
a program of gene expression that propels the cell out of G0 and back into the cell cycle. cancer cells often have defects in signal transduction pathways
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
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68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] ras genes [Answer]
encode signal transduction molecules
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] how does a proto-oncogene become an oncogene? [Answer]
point mutation(ras); chromosomal translocation(CML); amplification (HER2)
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] oncogenes have two types [Answer]
cellular (c-oncs); viral (v-oncs)
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] retroviruses can cause cancer by [Answer]
activating a cellular proto-oncogene; carrying an oncogene into a cell;
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] acute transforming retroviruses [Answer]
infect and transform normal cells into cancer cells (none identified in humans yet)
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] aneuploidy [Answer]
an organism gains or loses one or more chromosomes
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Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] euploidy [Answer]
complete haploid sets of chromosomes are present
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] polyploidy [Answer]
more than two sets of chromosomes are present
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
68492b31_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Answer
[Question] reciprocal translocation [Answer]
involves exchange of segments between nonhomologous chromosomes
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json