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05cfb8e0_Flashcards_about_ch_5_vocab_AM__Question
[Answer] French and Indian war [Question]
decided which nation would control the northern and eastern parts of North America
[]
Flashcards about ch 5 vocab AM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-698582
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00053-ip-10-236-191-2_718260190_3.json
05cfb8e0_Flashcards_about_ch_5_vocab_AM__Question
[Answer] Albany plan of Union [Question]
was the first formal porposal to unite the colonies
[]
Flashcards about ch 5 vocab AM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-698582
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00053-ip-10-236-191-2_718260190_3.json
05cfb8e0_Flashcards_about_ch_5_vocab_AM__Question
[Answer] Battle of Quebec [Question]
was the turning point in war
[]
Flashcards about ch 5 vocab AM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-698582
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00053-ip-10-236-191-2_718260190_3.json
05cfb8e0_Flashcards_about_ch_5_vocab_AM__Question
[Answer] Treaty of Paris [Question]
Britain claimed all North America east of the mississippi river
[]
Flashcards about ch 5 vocab AM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-698582
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00053-ip-10-236-191-2_718260190_3.json
05cfb8e0_Flashcards_about_ch_5_vocab_AM__Question
[Answer] Pontiacs Rebellion [Question]
in 1736 Native Americans attacked settlers and destroying almost every British forts
[]
Flashcards about ch 5 vocab AM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-698582
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00053-ip-10-236-191-2_718260190_3.json
05cfb8e0_Flashcards_about_ch_5_vocab_AM__Question
[Answer] Proclamation of 1763 [Question]
Forbade colonists to settle west of the appalachian mountains
[]
Flashcards about ch 5 vocab AM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-698582
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00053-ip-10-236-191-2_718260190_3.json
6ebf3289_ashcards_about_Physics_chap_29__Answer
[Question] Waves are __________ when light doesn't travel through a mirror, but is returned by the mirror's surface. [Answer]
Reflected
[]
Flashcards about Physics chap.29
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-355442
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00263-ip-10-236-191-2_725491222_3.json
6ebf3289_ashcards_about_Physics_chap_29__Answer
[Question] The second medium must be less rigid when sound waves are _________ reflected. [Answer]
Partially
[]
Flashcards about Physics chap.29
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-355442
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00263-ip-10-236-191-2_725491222_3.json
6ebf3289_ashcards_about_Physics_chap_29__Answer
[Question] Materials such as ______ and _____ are not as rigid to light waves. [Answer]
glass and water
[]
Flashcards about Physics chap.29
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-355442
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00263-ip-10-236-191-2_725491222_3.json
6ebf3289_ashcards_about_Physics_chap_29__Answer
[Question] The relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection is stated in ____________. [Answer]
the law of reflection
[]
Flashcards about Physics chap.29
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-355442
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00263-ip-10-236-191-2_725491222_3.json
6ebf3289_ashcards_about_Physics_chap_29__Answer
[Question] What mirrors produce only virtual images? [Answer]
Plane mirrors
[]
Flashcards about Physics chap.29
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-355442
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00263-ip-10-236-191-2_725491222_3.json
6ebf3289_ashcards_about_Physics_chap_29__Answer
[Question] An ________ is a likeness or a reproduction of an object. [Answer]
image
[]
Flashcards about Physics chap.29
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-355442
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00263-ip-10-236-191-2_725491222_3.json
6ebf3289_ashcards_about_Physics_chap_29__Answer
[Question] What mirrors curve inward and can be used as makeup mirrors? [Answer]
Concave mirrors
[]
Flashcards about Physics chap.29
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-355442
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00263-ip-10-236-191-2_725491222_3.json
6ebf3289_ashcards_about_Physics_chap_29__Answer
[Question] What mirrors curve outward and can be used as security mirrors or traffic control mirrors? [Answer]
Convex mirrors
[]
Flashcards about Physics chap.29
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-355442
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00263-ip-10-236-191-2_725491222_3.json
6ebf3289_ashcards_about_Physics_chap_29__Answer
[Question] Diffused reflection is the reflection of light from a _________ surface. [Answer]
Rough
[]
Flashcards about Physics chap.29
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-355442
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00263-ip-10-236-191-2_725491222_3.json
6ebf3289_ashcards_about_Physics_chap_29__Answer
[Question] An ______ is reflected sound. [Answer]
Echo
[]
Flashcards about Physics chap.29
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-355442
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00263-ip-10-236-191-2_725491222_3.json
6ebf3289_ashcards_about_Physics_chap_29__Answer
[Question] Rays of visible light that reflect from _______ encounter millions of tiny flat surfaces facing in all directions so they are all reflected in all direction? [Answer]
Paper
[]
Flashcards about Physics chap.29
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-355442
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00263-ip-10-236-191-2_725491222_3.json
6ebf3289_ashcards_about_Physics_chap_29__Answer
[Question] The study of the reflective properties of surfaces is ______________. [Answer]
Acoustics
[]
Flashcards about Physics chap.29
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-355442
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00263-ip-10-236-191-2_725491222_3.json
6ebf3289_ashcards_about_Physics_chap_29__Answer
[Question] A person in the audience of a concert hall receives a _________ amount of _________ sound from many parts of the wall. [Answer]
Small and reflected
[]
Flashcards about Physics chap.29
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-355442
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00263-ip-10-236-191-2_725491222_3.json
6ebf3289_ashcards_about_Physics_chap_29__Answer
[Question] When walls are too reflective the sound becomes __________ because of multiple reflections of sound called _______________. [Answer]
garbled and reverberations
[]
Flashcards about Physics chap.29
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-355442
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00263-ip-10-236-191-2_725491222_3.json
6ebf3289_ashcards_about_Physics_chap_29__Answer
[Question] The walls of concert halls are often designed with _____________ so that the sound waves are ___________. [Answer]
grooves and diffused
[]
Flashcards about Physics chap.29
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-355442
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00263-ip-10-236-191-2_725491222_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] consist of one or more surface proteins from the virus or bacteria [Question]
subunit vaccines
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] surface protein cloned into yeast expression vector, purified from yeast and packaged for use as a vaccine [Question]
Hepatitis B viral vaccine
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] recombinant capsid proteins provide immunity against HPV [Question]
Gardasil
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] can be produced in food plants. decreas cost of production, avoids needles, no refrigeration required no need for sterile conditions to administer, constant source of recombinant protein [Question]
edible vaccines
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] have built in insecticide protection to insect pests [Question]
Bt transgenic crops
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] successful applications of recombinant DNA technology [Question]
gene testing is one of the first
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS) [Question]
Two examples of prenatal tests
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] short single stranded fragments of DNA; used as probes to identify different alleles; can differ by as little as one nucleotide (SNPs) [Question]
ASO's (allele-specific oligonucleotides)
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] genetic analysis of single cells from embryos created by in vitro fertilization [Question]
preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] detect mutations in specific genes such as p53 which is commonly associated with cancers [Question]
genotyping microarrays are used to
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] allows analysis of DNA for dozens or hundreds of disease alleles [Question]
genome scanning
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] a microarray technique, identifies copy number variations [Question]
array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH)
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] identify genome variations that contribute to disease [Question]
genome wide association studies(GWAS)
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] transferring specific genes into mamalian cells to treat genetic disorders [Question]
gene therapy
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] was the first disease to be treated with gene therapy [Question]
severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] focuses on the sequencing of genomes, analyzing nucleotide sequences to identify genes/ gene regulatory elements [Question]
structural genomics
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] 1)clone-by-clone method 2)whole genome shotgun method (shotgun cloning) [Question]
two methods to genome sequencing
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] generates contigs that are aligned by restriction mapping; overlapping clones are sequenced. organized sequencing of contigs form a restriction map instead of random sequencing and assembly [Question]
clone-by-clone method of genome sequencing
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] genomic DNA cut into contigs. overlapping sequenced fragments aligned using computer programs to assemble an entire chromosome; fragments aligned based on identical DNA sequences [Question]
shotgun cloning method of genomic sequencing
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] uses computer based approaches to organize, share and analyze data related to gene structure, gene sequence and expression, and protein structure and function [Question]
bioinformatics
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] the process of identifying gene, their regulatory sequences and their functions [Question]
annotation
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] stretches of nucleotides that when translated to protein by computer analysis generate a series of amino acids prior to a stop codon; suggestive of a protein encoding gene [Question]
open reading frames (ORFs)
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] study of gene functions based on possible RNAs or proteins they encode;study of regulatory element function [Question]
functional genomics
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] homologous genes in different species(arise through speciation) [Question]
orthologs
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] homologous genes in same species (arise through duplication) [Question]
paralogs
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] single base changes in the genome; many associated with disease conditions [Question]
single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] segments of DNA that are duplicated or deleted [Question]
copy number variations (CNVs)
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] created with the aim to use both experimental approaches and bioinformatics to identify and analyze functional elements that regulate expression of human genes [Question]
ENCODE (Encyclopedia of DNA Elements)
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] compares the genomes of different organisms in order to answer questions about genetics and other aspects of biology [Question]
Comparative Genomics
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] 1)gene density that varies from chromosome to chromosome 2)introns 3)repetitive sequences [Question]
eukaryotic genomes have several features not found in prokaryotes
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] studies gene expression qualitatively by identifying which genes are expressed and which are not; and quantitatively by measuring the varying levels of expression of different genes [Question]
transcriptome analysis
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] enables simultaneous analysis of all of a sample's expressed genes [Question]
microarray analysis
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] the identification and characterization and quantitative analysis of all proteins encoded by the genome of a cell, tissue, or organism [Question]
proteomics
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] cells exposed to different conditions, proteins extracted, separated by 2DGE, spots of interest cut out, digested into peptide fragments and analyzed by mass spectrometry [Question]
typical proteomic analysis
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] incorporates data from genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics,etc. to further elucidate components of interacting pathways [Question]
systems biology
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] the study of how an individual's genetic makeup detemines the body's response to drugs [Question]
Pharmacogenomics
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] bind to a specific recognition sequence (restriction site); cleaves DNA to produce restriction fragments; most of these recognition sequences are palindromic; often cut in a staggered way, leaving "sticky ends" [Question]
restriction enzymes
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] an extrachromosomal double-stranded DNA molecule that replicates independently from bacterial chromosomes [Question]
plasmid
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] the process by which plasmids are introduced using calcium ions and brief heat shock to pulse DNA into cells; electroporation is an alternative to this method [Question]
transformation
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] isolating mRNA from cells, synthesizing the complementary DNA using reverse transcriptase, and cloning the cDNA molecules into a vector [Question]
cDNA libraries are prepared by
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] the number and order of restriction sites and the distance between restriction sites [Question]
a restriction map of cloned DNA segment establishes
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] find a particular clone in a library, characterize the size of the fragments from restriction digest, determine whether a clone conatains all or part of a gene [Question]
southern blotting(DNA) is used to
[]
Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] determine whether a gene is actively being expressed in a given cell or tissue and to study the patterns of gene expressions in embryonic tissues, cancer and genetic disorders [Question]
Northern blotting (RNA) is used to
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6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] the most common method of DNA sequencing. also called dideoxynucleotide chain termination sequencing. it involves the addition of a small amount of one dideoxynucleotide(ddNTP)which causes DNA synthesis to terminate [Question]
Sanger sequencing
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Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] 1)DNA fragments on beads amplified by PCR 2)DNA on beads subjected to pyrosequencing reaction 3)light emitted by pyrosequencing reactions captured by detector [Question]
Next generation sequencing
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Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] 1)cell with genetic mutation 2)hyperplasia 3)dysplasia 4)in situ cancer 5)invasive cancer [Question]
Stages of tumor development
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Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] orginated from a common ancestral cell that accumulated specific mutations [Question]
clonal
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Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] genomic stability, DNA repair and chromatin modification [Question]
defects in cancer cells affect
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Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] DNA methylation patterns [Question]
cancer cells have altered
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Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] disrupted [Question]
histone modifications are ______ in cancer cells
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Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] programmed cell death involving DNA fragmentation, digestion of cellular components, membrane blebbing, and apoptotic bodies being engulfed by phagocytes [Question]
apoptosis
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Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] Bcl2; BAX [Question]
the relative concentrations of the ____ and ___ proteins regulate apoptosis
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Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
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6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] trigger or prevent apoptosis [Question]
regulation of levels of Bcl2 and BAX can
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Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
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6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] resistant to chemotherapy/radiation [Question]
cancer cells that overexpress Bcl2 are
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Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] induces the expression of BAX; encodes transcription factor; can arrest the cell cycle at several phases; mutated in more than 50% of cancer cells [Question]
p53
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Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
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6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] normally stimulate cell proliferation. encode transcription factors, signal transduction molecules that stimulate cell division and cell cycle regulators [Question]
proto-oncogenes
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Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
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6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] normally inhibit cell proliferation [Question]
tumor suppressor genes
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Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] mutant proto-oncogene (GOF mutation;dominant); stimulates UNREGULATED cell proliferation [Question]
oncogene
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Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
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6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] a program of gene expression that propels the cell out of G0 and back into the cell cycle. cancer cells often have defects in signal transduction pathways [Question]
signal transduction initiates
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] encode signal transduction molecules [Question]
ras genes
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] point mutation(ras); chromosomal translocation(CML); amplification (HER2) [Question]
how does a proto-oncogene become an oncogene?
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Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
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6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] cellular (c-oncs); viral (v-oncs) [Question]
oncogenes have two types
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
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6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] activating a cellular proto-oncogene; carrying an oncogene into a cell; [Question]
retroviruses can cause cancer by
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6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] infect and transform normal cells into cancer cells (none identified in humans yet) [Question]
acute transforming retroviruses
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6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] an organism gains or loses one or more chromosomes [Question]
aneuploidy
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6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] complete haploid sets of chromosomes are present [Question]
euploidy
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6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] more than two sets of chromosomes are present [Question]
polyploidy
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6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] involves exchange of segments between nonhomologous chromosomes [Question]
reciprocal translocation
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6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] breaks at the extreme ends of the short arms of two nonhomologous acrocentric chromosomes [Question]
Robertsonian translocation
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6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] male genitalia; XXY [Question]
Klinefelter's syndrome
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6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] single X chromosome; female genitalia [Question]
Tuner syndrome
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6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] female differentiation; often perfectly normal; sometimes underdeveloped secondary sex characteristics, sterility and mental retardation may occur [Question]
human with three X chromosomes
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6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] males that tend to be over 6 feet tall [Question]
human with sex genotype XYY
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Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
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6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] female differentiation; wolffian duct degenerates; mullerian duct becomes the uterus [Question]
SRY absent in human embryo
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Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
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6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] male differentiation; mullerian duct degenerates; wolffian duct develops into vas deferens [Question]
SRY present in human embryo
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6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] have homology with regions on X chromosome [Question]
pseudoautosomal regions (PARs) on Y chromosome
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6/1438042981576.7_20150728002301-00305-ip-10-236-191-2_730203615_3.json
6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] for testes-determining factor which is a transcription factor that acts as a master switch to trigger the formation of testes [Question]
SRY encodes
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6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] reflects the proportion of males to females conceived in a population [Question]
primary sex ratio
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Flashcards about GENETICS FINAL EXAM
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-927860
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6d32456e_ards_about_GENETICS_FINAL_EXAM__Question
[Answer] reflects the proportion of each sex that is born [Question]
secondary sex ratio
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