id
stringlengths
24
24
question
stringlengths
1
270
answer
stringlengths
1
239
documents
listlengths
1
1
5706baba2eaba6190074ac98
What two electromagnetic tools do birds use to find their destinations?
one that is entirely innate and another that relies on experience
[ "Bird_migration\n\nMigratory birds may use two electromagnetic tools to find their destinations: one that is entirely innate and another that relies on experience. A young bird on its first migration flies in the correct direction according to the Earth's magnetic field, but does not know how far the journey will b...
5706baba2eaba6190074ac99
Where is the neural connection that is active during migration located?
between the eye and "Cluster N"
[ "Bird_migration\n\nMigratory birds may use two electromagnetic tools to find their destinations: one that is entirely innate and another that relies on experience. A young bird on its first migration flies in the correct direction according to the Earth's magnetic field, but does not know how far the journey will b...
5706baba2eaba6190074ac9a
What is Cluster N?
the part of the forebrain that is active during migrational orientation
[ "Bird_migration\n\nMigratory birds may use two electromagnetic tools to find their destinations: one that is entirely innate and another that relies on experience. A young bird on its first migration flies in the correct direction according to the Earth's magnetic field, but does not know how far the journey will b...
5706baba2eaba6190074ac9b
What is a young bird on it's first migration compared to?
a boy scout with a compass but no map
[ "Bird_migration\n\nMigratory birds may use two electromagnetic tools to find their destinations: one that is entirely innate and another that relies on experience. A young bird on its first migration flies in the correct direction according to the Earth's magnetic field, but does not know how far the journey will b...
5706baba2eaba6190074ac9c
How does the magnetic field help the bird at different latitudes?
let it know when it has reached its destination
[ "Bird_migration\n\nMigratory birds may use two electromagnetic tools to find their destinations: one that is entirely innate and another that relies on experience. A young bird on its first migration flies in the correct direction according to the Earth's magnetic field, but does not know how far the journey will b...
5706bbd02eaba6190074acb4
How can migrating birds lose their way?
flying past their destinations
[ "Bird_migration\n\nMigrating birds can lose their way and appear outside their normal ranges. This can be due to flying past their destinations as in the \"spring overshoot\" in which birds returning to their breeding areas overshoot and end up further north than intended. Certain areas, because of their location, ...
5706bbd02eaba6190074acb5
What is flying past their destinations called?
spring overshoot
[ "Bird_migration\n\nMigrating birds can lose their way and appear outside their normal ranges. This can be due to flying past their destinations as in the \"spring overshoot\" in which birds returning to their breeding areas overshoot and end up further north than intended. Certain areas, because of their location, ...
5706bbd02eaba6190074acb6
What location has become famous for bird overshooters?
Point Pelee National Park
[ "Bird_migration\n\nMigrating birds can lose their way and appear outside their normal ranges. This can be due to flying past their destinations as in the \"spring overshoot\" in which birds returning to their breeding areas overshoot and end up further north than intended. Certain areas, because of their location, ...
5706bbd02eaba6190074acb7
What other location is famous for spring overshoot?
Spurn in England
[ "Bird_migration\n\nMigrating birds can lose their way and appear outside their normal ranges. This can be due to flying past their destinations as in the \"spring overshoot\" in which birds returning to their breeding areas overshoot and end up further north than intended. Certain areas, because of their location, ...
5706bbd02eaba6190074acb8
Where do bird overshooters end up?
further north than intended
[ "Bird_migration\n\nMigrating birds can lose their way and appear outside their normal ranges. This can be due to flying past their destinations as in the \"spring overshoot\" in which birds returning to their breeding areas overshoot and end up further north than intended. Certain areas, because of their location, ...
5706bcd30eeca41400aa0dcb
What is it called when the genetic programing of young birds fail?
Reverse migration
[ "Bird_migration\n\nReverse migration, where the genetic programming of young birds fails to work properly, can lead to rarities turning up as vagrants thousands of kilometres out of range." ]
5706bcd30eeca41400aa0dcc
What is reverse migration?
where the genetic programming of young birds fails to work properly
[ "Bird_migration\n\nReverse migration, where the genetic programming of young birds fails to work properly, can lead to rarities turning up as vagrants thousands of kilometres out of range." ]
5706bcd30eeca41400aa0dcd
What does reverse migration lead to?
rarities turning up as vagrants thousands of kilometres out of range
[ "Bird_migration\n\nReverse migration, where the genetic programming of young birds fails to work properly, can lead to rarities turning up as vagrants thousands of kilometres out of range." ]
5706bcd30eeca41400aa0dce
How far out of range can rarities get?
thousands of kilometres
[ "Bird_migration\n\nReverse migration, where the genetic programming of young birds fails to work properly, can lead to rarities turning up as vagrants thousands of kilometres out of range." ]
5706c6190eeca41400aa0e21
What is it called when birds from one region join birds from a different region?
abmigration
[ "Bird_migration\n\nA related phenomenon called \"abmigration\" involves birds from one region joining similar birds from a different breeding region in the common winter grounds and then migrating back along with the new population. This is especially common in some waterfowl, which shift from one flyway to another...
5706c6190eeca41400aa0e22
What kind of bird is most likely to abmigrate?
waterfowl
[ "Bird_migration\n\nA related phenomenon called \"abmigration\" involves birds from one region joining similar birds from a different breeding region in the common winter grounds and then migrating back along with the new population. This is especially common in some waterfowl, which shift from one flyway to another...
5706c6190eeca41400aa0e23
Who do abmigrating birds return with?
the new population
[ "Bird_migration\n\nA related phenomenon called \"abmigration\" involves birds from one region joining similar birds from a different breeding region in the common winter grounds and then migrating back along with the new population. This is especially common in some waterfowl, which shift from one flyway to another...
5706c6bf0eeca41400aa0e27
What is a re-introduction scheme?
to teach a migration route to a flock of birds
[ "Bird_migration\n\nIt has been possible to teach a migration route to a flock of birds, for example in re-introduction schemes. After a trial with Canada geese Branta canadensis, microlight aircraft were used in the US to teach safe migration routes to reintroduced whooping cranes Grus americana." ]
5706c6bf0eeca41400aa0e28
What did they use to teach birds a migration route?
microlight aircraft
[ "Bird_migration\n\nIt has been possible to teach a migration route to a flock of birds, for example in re-introduction schemes. After a trial with Canada geese Branta canadensis, microlight aircraft were used in the US to teach safe migration routes to reintroduced whooping cranes Grus americana." ]
5706c6bf0eeca41400aa0e29
Which birds did they reintroduce to the US?
whooping cranes
[ "Bird_migration\n\nIt has been possible to teach a migration route to a flock of birds, for example in re-introduction schemes. After a trial with Canada geese Branta canadensis, microlight aircraft were used in the US to teach safe migration routes to reintroduced whooping cranes Grus americana." ]
5706c6bf0eeca41400aa0e2a
Which birds did they use as a trial run?
Canada geese
[ "Bird_migration\n\nIt has been possible to teach a migration route to a flock of birds, for example in re-introduction schemes. After a trial with Canada geese Branta canadensis, microlight aircraft were used in the US to teach safe migration routes to reintroduced whooping cranes Grus americana." ]
5706c7a52eaba6190074ad02
What do birds need to change to meet the demands of migration?
their metabolism
[ "Bird_migration\n\nBirds need to alter their metabolism in order to meet the demands of migration. The storage of energy through the accumulation of fat and the control of sleep in nocturnal migrants require special physiological adaptations. In addition, the feathers of a bird suffer from wear-and-tear and require...
5706c7a52eaba6190074ad03
How often do birds molt?
usually once a year
[ "Bird_migration\n\nBirds need to alter their metabolism in order to meet the demands of migration. The storage of energy through the accumulation of fat and the control of sleep in nocturnal migrants require special physiological adaptations. In addition, the feathers of a bird suffer from wear-and-tear and require...
5706c7a52eaba6190074ad04
How do birds store energy?
through the accumulation of fat and the control of sleep
[ "Bird_migration\n\nBirds need to alter their metabolism in order to meet the demands of migration. The storage of energy through the accumulation of fat and the control of sleep in nocturnal migrants require special physiological adaptations. In addition, the feathers of a bird suffer from wear-and-tear and require...
5706c7a52eaba6190074ad05
Why do birds need to molt?
feathers of a bird suffer from wear-and-tear
[ "Bird_migration\n\nBirds need to alter their metabolism in order to meet the demands of migration. The storage of energy through the accumulation of fat and the control of sleep in nocturnal migrants require special physiological adaptations. In addition, the feathers of a bird suffer from wear-and-tear and require...
5706c7a52eaba6190074ad06
When do birds molt?
varies with some species
[ "Bird_migration\n\nBirds need to alter their metabolism in order to meet the demands of migration. The storage of energy through the accumulation of fat and the control of sleep in nocturnal migrants require special physiological adaptations. In addition, the feathers of a bird suffer from wear-and-tear and require...
5706cfe02eaba6190074ad14
How was migration developed?
independently
[ "Bird_migration\n\nMigration in birds is highly labile and is believed to have developed independently in many avian lineages. While it is agreed that the behavioral and physiological adaptations necessary for migration are under genetic control, some authors have argued that no genetic change is necessary for migr...
5706cfe02eaba6190074ad15
What is highly labile?
Migration in birds
[ "Bird_migration\n\nMigration in birds is highly labile and is believed to have developed independently in many avian lineages. While it is agreed that the behavioral and physiological adaptations necessary for migration are under genetic control, some authors have argued that no genetic change is necessary for migr...
5706cfe02eaba6190074ad16
What causes the behavioral adaptations necessary for migration?
genetic control
[ "Bird_migration\n\nMigration in birds is highly labile and is believed to have developed independently in many avian lineages. While it is agreed that the behavioral and physiological adaptations necessary for migration are under genetic control, some authors have argued that no genetic change is necessary for migr...
5706cfe02eaba6190074ad17
What exists in nearly all avian lineages?
genetic framework for migratory behavior
[ "Bird_migration\n\nMigration in birds is highly labile and is believed to have developed independently in many avian lineages. While it is agreed that the behavioral and physiological adaptations necessary for migration are under genetic control, some authors have argued that no genetic change is necessary for migr...
5706d7150eeca41400aa0e69
What percentage increase in flight distance will often be adaptive?
20%
[ "Bird_migration\n\nTheoretical analyses show that detours that increase flight distance by up to 20% will often be adaptive on aerodynamic grounds - a bird that loads itself with food to cross a long barrier flies less efficiently. However some species show circuitous migratory routes that reflect historical range ...
5706d7150eeca41400aa0e6a
What kind of bird flies less efficiently?
a bird that loads itself with food
[ "Bird_migration\n\nTheoretical analyses show that detours that increase flight distance by up to 20% will often be adaptive on aerodynamic grounds - a bird that loads itself with food to cross a long barrier flies less efficiently. However some species show circuitous migratory routes that reflect historical range ...
5706d7150eeca41400aa0e6b
What type of bird show circuitous migratory routes?
Swainson's thrush
[ "Bird_migration\n\nTheoretical analyses show that detours that increase flight distance by up to 20% will often be adaptive on aerodynamic grounds - a bird that loads itself with food to cross a long barrier flies less efficiently. However some species show circuitous migratory routes that reflect historical range ...
5706d7150eeca41400aa0e6c
Where do Swainson's thrush fly from?
far east across North America
[ "Bird_migration\n\nTheoretical analyses show that detours that increase flight distance by up to 20% will often be adaptive on aerodynamic grounds - a bird that loads itself with food to cross a long barrier flies less efficiently. However some species show circuitous migratory routes that reflect historical range ...
5706d7962eaba6190074ad30
What is expected to have an effect on migration timing?
climatic changes
[ "Bird_migration\n\nLarge scale climatic changes, as have been experienced in the past, are expected to have an effect on the timing of migration. Studies have shown a variety of effects including timing changes in migration, breeding as well as population variations." ]
5706d7962eaba6190074ad31
What have studies shown regarding climate change?
timing changes in migration
[ "Bird_migration\n\nLarge scale climatic changes, as have been experienced in the past, are expected to have an effect on the timing of migration. Studies have shown a variety of effects including timing changes in migration, breeding as well as population variations." ]
5706d7962eaba6190074ad32
What else is climate change been shown to change?
breeding as well as population variations
[ "Bird_migration\n\nLarge scale climatic changes, as have been experienced in the past, are expected to have an effect on the timing of migration. Studies have shown a variety of effects including timing changes in migration, breeding as well as population variations." ]
5706d83b0eeca41400aa0e71
What other species does migration help?
ectoparasites such as ticks and lice
[ "Bird_migration\n\nThe migration of birds also aids the movement of other species, including those of ectoparasites such as ticks and lice, which in turn may carry micro-organisms including those of concern to human health. Due to the global spread of avian influenza, bird migration has been studied as a possible m...
5706d83b0eeca41400aa0e72
What is a greater threat of disease transmission?
import of pet and domestic birds
[ "Bird_migration\n\nThe migration of birds also aids the movement of other species, including those of ectoparasites such as ticks and lice, which in turn may carry micro-organisms including those of concern to human health. Due to the global spread of avian influenza, bird migration has been studied as a possible m...
5706d83b0eeca41400aa0e73
What has been studied as a mechanism of disease transmission?
bird migration
[ "Bird_migration\n\nThe migration of birds also aids the movement of other species, including those of ectoparasites such as ticks and lice, which in turn may carry micro-organisms including those of concern to human health. Due to the global spread of avian influenza, bird migration has been studied as a possible m...
5706d83b0eeca41400aa0e74
What has a role in the dispersal of propagules of plants and plankton?
Birds
[ "Bird_migration\n\nThe migration of birds also aids the movement of other species, including those of ectoparasites such as ticks and lice, which in turn may carry micro-organisms including those of concern to human health. Due to the global spread of avian influenza, bird migration has been studied as a possible m...
5706d83b0eeca41400aa0e75
What virus is maintained in birds without lethal effects?
West Nile Virus
[ "Bird_migration\n\nThe migration of birds also aids the movement of other species, including those of ectoparasites such as ticks and lice, which in turn may carry micro-organisms including those of concern to human health. Due to the global spread of avian influenza, bird migration has been studied as a possible m...
5706d88c0eeca41400aa0e7b
Who takes advantage of migrating birds?
Greater noctule bats
[ "Bird_migration\n\nSome predators take advantage of the concentration of birds during migration. Greater noctule bats feed on nocturnal migrating passerines. Some birds of prey specialize on migrating waders." ]
5706d88c0eeca41400aa0e7c
What do greater noctule bats feed on?
nocturnal migrating passerines
[ "Bird_migration\n\nSome predators take advantage of the concentration of birds during migration. Greater noctule bats feed on nocturnal migrating passerines. Some birds of prey specialize on migrating waders." ]
5706d88c0eeca41400aa0e7d
What do some birds of prey specialize on?
migrating waders
[ "Bird_migration\n\nSome predators take advantage of the concentration of birds during migration. Greater noctule bats feed on nocturnal migrating passerines. Some birds of prey specialize on migrating waders." ]
5706d9820eeca41400aa0e81
What is the oldest way to study migration?
marking
[ "Bird_migration\n\nBird migration routes have been studied by a variety of techniques including the oldest, marking. Swans have been marked with a nick on the beak since about 1560 in England. Scientific ringing was pioneered by Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen in 1899. Other techniques include radar and satellit...
5706d9820eeca41400aa0e82
How have swans been marked?
a nick on the beak
[ "Bird_migration\n\nBird migration routes have been studied by a variety of techniques including the oldest, marking. Swans have been marked with a nick on the beak since about 1560 in England. Scientific ringing was pioneered by Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen in 1899. Other techniques include radar and satellit...
5706d9820eeca41400aa0e83
Since when have swans been marked?
1560
[ "Bird_migration\n\nBird migration routes have been studied by a variety of techniques including the oldest, marking. Swans have been marked with a nick on the beak since about 1560 in England. Scientific ringing was pioneered by Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen in 1899. Other techniques include radar and satellit...
5706d9820eeca41400aa0e84
Who was scientific ringing pioneered by?
Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen
[ "Bird_migration\n\nBird migration routes have been studied by a variety of techniques including the oldest, marking. Swans have been marked with a nick on the beak since about 1560 in England. Scientific ringing was pioneered by Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen in 1899. Other techniques include radar and satellit...
5706d9820eeca41400aa0e85
What are other forms of studying migration?
radar and satellite tracking
[ "Bird_migration\n\nBird migration routes have been studied by a variety of techniques including the oldest, marking. Swans have been marked with a nick on the beak since about 1560 in England. Scientific ringing was pioneered by Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen in 1899. Other techniques include radar and satellit...
5706f6a190286e26004fc76d
How are orientation behavior studies traditionally carried out?
the Emlen funnel
[ "Bird_migration\n\nOrientation behaviour studies have been traditionally carried out using variants of a setup known as the Emlen funnel, which consists of a circular cage with the top covered by glass or wire-screen so that either the sky is visible or the setup is placed in a planetarium or with other controls on...
5706f6a190286e26004fc76e
What shape is the cage in the Emlen funnel?
circular
[ "Bird_migration\n\nOrientation behaviour studies have been traditionally carried out using variants of a setup known as the Emlen funnel, which consists of a circular cage with the top covered by glass or wire-screen so that either the sky is visible or the setup is placed in a planetarium or with other controls on...
5706f6a190286e26004fc76f
What is studied quantitatively inside the cage?
The orientation behaviour
[ "Bird_migration\n\nOrientation behaviour studies have been traditionally carried out using variants of a setup known as the Emlen funnel, which consists of a circular cage with the top covered by glass or wire-screen so that either the sky is visible or the setup is placed in a planetarium or with other controls on...
5706f6a190286e26004fc770
What does the bird leave on the walls of the cage?
marks
[ "Bird_migration\n\nOrientation behaviour studies have been traditionally carried out using variants of a setup known as the Emlen funnel, which consists of a circular cage with the top covered by glass or wire-screen so that either the sky is visible or the setup is placed in a planetarium or with other controls on...
5706f6a190286e26004fc771
Where does the homing pigeon vanish?
on the horizon
[ "Bird_migration\n\nOrientation behaviour studies have been traditionally carried out using variants of a setup known as the Emlen funnel, which consists of a circular cage with the top covered by glass or wire-screen so that either the sky is visible or the setup is placed in a planetarium or with other controls on...
5706fac590286e26004fc791
What threatens some bird species?
Hunting along migration routes
[ "Bird_migration\n\nHunting along migration routes threatens some bird species. The populations of Siberian cranes (Leucogeranus leucogeranus) that wintered in India declined due to hunting along the route, particularly in Afghanistan and Central Asia. Birds were last seen in their favourite wintering grounds in Keo...
5706fac590286e26004fc792
What species declined due to hunting in Afghanistand and Asia?
Siberian cranes
[ "Bird_migration\n\nHunting along migration routes threatens some bird species. The populations of Siberian cranes (Leucogeranus leucogeranus) that wintered in India declined due to hunting along the route, particularly in Afghanistan and Central Asia. Birds were last seen in their favourite wintering grounds in Keo...
5706fac590286e26004fc793
When were birds last seen in Keoladeo National Park?
2002
[ "Bird_migration\n\nHunting along migration routes threatens some bird species. The populations of Siberian cranes (Leucogeranus leucogeranus) that wintered in India declined due to hunting along the route, particularly in Afghanistan and Central Asia. Birds were last seen in their favourite wintering grounds in Keo...
5706fac590286e26004fc794
What can power lines, wind farms and oil rigs affect?
migratory birds
[ "Bird_migration\n\nHunting along migration routes threatens some bird species. The populations of Siberian cranes (Leucogeranus leucogeranus) that wintered in India declined due to hunting along the route, particularly in Afghanistan and Central Asia. Birds were last seen in their favourite wintering grounds in Keo...
5706fac590286e26004fc795
What are other migration hazards?
pollution, storms, wildfires, and habitat destruction
[ "Bird_migration\n\nHunting along migration routes threatens some bird species. The populations of Siberian cranes (Leucogeranus leucogeranus) that wintered in India declined due to hunting along the route, particularly in Afghanistan and Central Asia. Birds were last seen in their favourite wintering grounds in Keo...
5706070375f01819005e78a4
What is the name of the island on which Atlantic City is located?
Absecon Island
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nIt is on Absecon Island, on the Atlantic coast. Atlantic City was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township. The city borders Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City and West Atlantic City." ]
5706070375f01819005e78a5
In what year was Atlantic City incorporated?
1854
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nIt is on Absecon Island, on the Atlantic coast. Atlantic City was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township. The city borders Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City and West Atlantic City." ]
5706070375f01819005e78a6
What are the names of the two townships that became part of Atlantic City when it was incorporated?
Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nIt is on Absecon Island, on the Atlantic coast. Atlantic City was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township. The city borders Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City and West Atlantic City." ]
5706070375f01819005e78a7
How many other towns share a border with Atlantic City?
Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City and West Atlantic City
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nIt is on Absecon Island, on the Atlantic coast. Atlantic City was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township. The city borders Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City and West Atlantic City." ]
5706070375f01819005e78a8
Which coast is Atlantic City located on?
Atlantic
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nIt is on Absecon Island, on the Atlantic coast. Atlantic City was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township. The city borders Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City and West Atlantic City." ]
5706099a52bb8914006897e8
What is the name of the first commercial hotel built in Atlantic City?
The Belloe House
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nBecause of its location in South Jersey, hugging the Atlantic Ocean between marshlands and islands, Atlantic City was viewed by developers as prime real estate and a potential resort town. In 1853, the first commercial hotel, The Belloe House, located at Massachusetts and Atlantic Aven...
5706099a52bb8914006897e9
In what year was the first commercial hotel built in Atlantic City?
1853
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nBecause of its location in South Jersey, hugging the Atlantic Ocean between marshlands and islands, Atlantic City was viewed by developers as prime real estate and a potential resort town. In 1853, the first commercial hotel, The Belloe House, located at Massachusetts and Atlantic Aven...
5706099a52bb8914006897ea
What are the names of the two avenues at which The Belloe House is located?
Massachusetts and Atlantic Avenue
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nBecause of its location in South Jersey, hugging the Atlantic Ocean between marshlands and islands, Atlantic City was viewed by developers as prime real estate and a potential resort town. In 1853, the first commercial hotel, The Belloe House, located at Massachusetts and Atlantic Aven...
5706099a52bb8914006897eb
What are the two geographical features that Atlantic City is located between?
marshlands and islands
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nBecause of its location in South Jersey, hugging the Atlantic Ocean between marshlands and islands, Atlantic City was viewed by developers as prime real estate and a potential resort town. In 1853, the first commercial hotel, The Belloe House, located at Massachusetts and Atlantic Aven...
5706099a52bb8914006897ec
What were the two potential aspects of Atlantic City that originally attracted developers?
prime real estate and a potential resort town
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nBecause of its location in South Jersey, hugging the Atlantic Ocean between marshlands and islands, Atlantic City was viewed by developers as prime real estate and a potential resort town. In 1853, the first commercial hotel, The Belloe House, located at Massachusetts and Atlantic Aven...
57060b8852bb8914006897ff
What other US city was linked to Atlantic City by the Camden and Atlantic Railroad train service?
Philadelphia
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nThe city was incorporated in 1854, the same year in which the Camden and Atlantic Railroad train service began. Built on the edge of the bay, this served as the direct link of this remote parcel of land with Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. That same year, construction of the Absecon Lighth...
57060b8852bb891400689800
By 1874, how many passengers were coming to Atlantic City by rail each year?
500,000
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nThe city was incorporated in 1854, the same year in which the Camden and Atlantic Railroad train service began. Built on the edge of the bay, this served as the direct link of this remote parcel of land with Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. That same year, construction of the Absecon Lighth...
57060b8852bb891400689801
What is the name of the lighthouse that is located on the Atlantic City coast?
Absecon Lighthouse
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nThe city was incorporated in 1854, the same year in which the Camden and Atlantic Railroad train service began. Built on the edge of the bay, this served as the direct link of this remote parcel of land with Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. That same year, construction of the Absecon Lighth...
57060b8852bb891400689802
Who is considered to be "Atlantic City's Godfather?"
Nelson Johnson
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nThe city was incorporated in 1854, the same year in which the Camden and Atlantic Railroad train service began. Built on the edge of the bay, this served as the direct link of this remote parcel of land with Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. That same year, construction of the Absecon Lighth...
57060d1275f01819005e78fc
In what year was the first boardwalk built in Atlantic City?
1870
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nThe first boardwalk was built in 1870 along a portion of the beach in an effort to help hotel owners keep sand out of their lobbies. Businesses were restricted and the boardwalk was removed each year at the end of the peak season. Because of its effectiveness and popularity, the boardw...
57060d1275f01819005e78fd
Why was the first boardwalk built in Atlantic City?
to help hotel owners keep sand out of their lobbies
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nThe first boardwalk was built in 1870 along a portion of the beach in an effort to help hotel owners keep sand out of their lobbies. Businesses were restricted and the boardwalk was removed each year at the end of the peak season. Because of its effectiveness and popularity, the boardw...
57060d1275f01819005e78fe
What year was the Great Atlantic Hurricane?
1944
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nThe first boardwalk was built in 1870 along a portion of the beach in an effort to help hotel owners keep sand out of their lobbies. Businesses were restricted and the boardwalk was removed each year at the end of the peak season. Because of its effectiveness and popularity, the boardw...
57060d1275f01819005e78ff
What was the historic length of the boardwalk before the Great Atlantic Hurricane?
about 7 miles
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nThe first boardwalk was built in 1870 along a portion of the beach in an effort to help hotel owners keep sand out of their lobbies. Businesses were restricted and the boardwalk was removed each year at the end of the peak season. Because of its effectiveness and popularity, the boardw...
57060d1275f01819005e7900
Before the Great Atlantic Hurricane the boardwalk extended from Atlantic City to what other city?
Longport
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nThe first boardwalk was built in 1870 along a portion of the beach in an effort to help hotel owners keep sand out of their lobbies. Businesses were restricted and the boardwalk was removed each year at the end of the peak season. Because of its effectiveness and popularity, the boardw...
57060ece75f01819005e791a
The first road connected Atlantic City to which mainland town?
Pleasantville
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nThe first road connecting the city to the mainland at Pleasantville was completed in 1870 and charged a 30-cent toll. Albany Avenue was the first road to the mainland that was available without a toll." ]
57060ece75f01819005e791b
The first road that connected Atlantic City to the mainland was completed in what year?
1870
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nThe first road connecting the city to the mainland at Pleasantville was completed in 1870 and charged a 30-cent toll. Albany Avenue was the first road to the mainland that was available without a toll." ]
57060ece75f01819005e791c
How much of a toll was charged on the first road to connect Atlantic City to the mainland?
30-cent
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nThe first road connecting the city to the mainland at Pleasantville was completed in 1870 and charged a 30-cent toll. Albany Avenue was the first road to the mainland that was available without a toll." ]
57060ece75f01819005e791d
What was the name of the first road to the mainland that did not charge a toll?
Albany Avenue
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nThe first road connecting the city to the mainland at Pleasantville was completed in 1870 and charged a 30-cent toll. Albany Avenue was the first road to the mainland that was available without a toll." ]
5706109452bb891400689842
By what year was demand so great that one railroad line could no longer keep up with the demand?
1878
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nBy 1878, because of the growing popularity of the city, one railroad line could no longer keep up with demand. Soon, the Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railway was also constructed to transport tourists to Atlantic City. At this point massive hotels like The United States and Surf Hous...
5706109452bb891400689843
What was the name of the new railway that was constructed to transport tourists to Atlantic City after 1878?
Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railway
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nBy 1878, because of the growing popularity of the city, one railroad line could no longer keep up with demand. Soon, the Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railway was also constructed to transport tourists to Atlantic City. At this point massive hotels like The United States and Surf Hous...
5706109452bb891400689844
What was the name of the hotel that took up a full city block?
The United States Hotel
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nBy 1878, because of the growing popularity of the city, one railroad line could no longer keep up with demand. Soon, the Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railway was also constructed to transport tourists to Atlantic City. At this point massive hotels like The United States and Surf Hous...
5706109452bb891400689845
Besides massive hotels, what else was appearing all over Atlantic City during this period?
rooming houses
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nBy 1878, because of the growing popularity of the city, one railroad line could no longer keep up with demand. Soon, the Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railway was also constructed to transport tourists to Atlantic City. At this point massive hotels like The United States and Surf Hous...
5706109452bb891400689846
What were the names of the four avenues that surrounded The United States Hotel?
Atlantic, Pacific, Delaware, and Maryland Avenues
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nBy 1878, because of the growing popularity of the city, one railroad line could no longer keep up with demand. Soon, the Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railway was also constructed to transport tourists to Atlantic City. At this point massive hotels like The United States and Surf Hous...
570612ce52bb891400689854
When did Atlantic City go through a radical building boom?
early part of the 20th century
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nIn the early part of the 20th century, Atlantic City went through a radical building boom. Many of the modest boarding houses that dotted the boardwalk were replaced with large hotels. Two of the city's most distinctive hotels were the Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel and the Traymore Hotel....
570612ce52bb891400689855
What replaced many of the modest boarding houses?
large hotels
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nIn the early part of the 20th century, Atlantic City went through a radical building boom. Many of the modest boarding houses that dotted the boardwalk were replaced with large hotels. Two of the city's most distinctive hotels were the Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel and the Traymore Hotel....
570612ce52bb891400689856
What were the names of two of the city's most distinctive hotels?
Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel and the Traymore Hotel
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nIn the early part of the 20th century, Atlantic City went through a radical building boom. Many of the modest boarding houses that dotted the boardwalk were replaced with large hotels. Two of the city's most distinctive hotels were the Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel and the Traymore Hotel....
570612ce52bb891400689857
What happened to Atlantic City in the early part of the 20th century?
a radical building boom
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nIn the early part of the 20th century, Atlantic City went through a radical building boom. Many of the modest boarding houses that dotted the boardwalk were replaced with large hotels. Two of the city's most distinctive hotels were the Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel and the Traymore Hotel....
570612ce52bb891400689858
Where were the modest boarding houses located before they were replaced by large hotels?
the boardwalk
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nIn the early part of the 20th century, Atlantic City went through a radical building boom. Many of the modest boarding houses that dotted the boardwalk were replaced with large hotels. Two of the city's most distinctive hotels were the Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel and the Traymore Hotel....
5706143352bb891400689876
In what year did Josiah White III by land to build a hotel?
1903
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nIn 1903, Josiah White III bought a parcel of land near Ohio Avenue and the boardwalk and built the Queen Anne style Marlborough House. The hotel was a hit and, in 1905–06, he chose to expand the hotel and bought another parcel of land next door to his Marlborough House. In an effort to...
5706143352bb891400689877
What was the name of the hotel built by Josiah White III?
Marlborough House
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nIn 1903, Josiah White III bought a parcel of land near Ohio Avenue and the boardwalk and built the Queen Anne style Marlborough House. The hotel was a hit and, in 1905–06, he chose to expand the hotel and bought another parcel of land next door to his Marlborough House. In an effort to...
5706143352bb891400689878
In what style was the Malborough House buit?
Queen Anne
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nIn 1903, Josiah White III bought a parcel of land near Ohio Avenue and the boardwalk and built the Queen Anne style Marlborough House. The hotel was a hit and, in 1905–06, he chose to expand the hotel and bought another parcel of land next door to his Marlborough House. In an effort to...
5706143352bb891400689879
In what year was reinforced concrete invented?
1848
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nIn 1903, Josiah White III bought a parcel of land near Ohio Avenue and the boardwalk and built the Queen Anne style Marlborough House. The hotel was a hit and, in 1905–06, he chose to expand the hotel and bought another parcel of land next door to his Marlborough House. In an effort to...
5706143352bb89140068987a
What was the name of the second hotel built by Josiah White III?
Blenheim
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nIn 1903, Josiah White III bought a parcel of land near Ohio Avenue and the boardwalk and built the Queen Anne style Marlborough House. The hotel was a hit and, in 1905–06, he chose to expand the hotel and bought another parcel of land next door to his Marlborough House. In an effort to...
5706160975f01819005e7966
What was the name of the hotel located at the corner of Illinois Avenue and the boardwalk?
The Traymore Hotel
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nThe Traymore Hotel was located at the corner of Illinois Avenue and the boardwalk. Begun in 1879 as a small boarding house, the hotel grew through a series of uncoordinated expansions. By 1914, the hotel's owner, Daniel White, taking a hint from the Marlborough-Blenheim, commissioned t...
5706160975f01819005e7967
What year was The Traymore Hotel begun?
1879
[ "Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nThe Traymore Hotel was located at the corner of Illinois Avenue and the boardwalk. Begun in 1879 as a small boarding house, the hotel grew through a series of uncoordinated expansions. By 1914, the hotel's owner, Daniel White, taking a hint from the Marlborough-Blenheim, commissioned t...