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Visa
10.4
Other Fraud — Card-Absent Environment
The cardholder says they did not authorize this card-not-present (online/phone) transaction. This is the most common e-commerce fraud chargeback.
30 days
AVS (address) and CVV2 match results from the authorization; Device fingerprint / IP address matching the cardholder; Proof the customer logged in or used the product after purchase; Signed delivery confirmation to the billing/AVS-matched address; History of prior undisputed orders from the same cardholder
Highly winnable
Visa Core Rules and Visa Product and Service Rules; Visa Dispute Resolution (Visa Claims Resolution) documentation
Visa
10.3
Other Fraud — Card-Present Environment
The cardholder disputes an in-person (card-present) transaction as fraudulent, claiming they did not authorize it at the point of sale.
30 days
EMV chip read or contactless transaction record; Signed receipt or PIN-verified authorization; Terminal/POS logs showing the card was physically present; Photo or video evidence from the point of sale if available
Winnable with strong evidence
Visa Core Rules and Visa Product and Service Rules; Visa Dispute Resolution (Visa Claims Resolution) documentation
Visa
10.1
EMV Liability Shift Counterfeit Fraud
A counterfeit card was used in person at a terminal that was not EMV chip-enabled, shifting fraud liability to the merchant.
30 days
Proof the terminal was EMV chip-enabled and the chip was read; Transaction record showing chip (not magstripe) acceptance; Authorization and settlement records
Highly winnable
Visa Core Rules and Visa Product and Service Rules; Visa Dispute Resolution (Visa Claims Resolution) documentation
Visa
10.2
EMV Liability Shift — Non-Counterfeit Fraud
A lost or stolen card was used in person at a terminal that was not EMV chip-enabled, shifting fraud liability from the issuer to the merchant.
30 days
Proof the terminal was EMV chip-enabled and the chip was read (not a magstripe fallback); Transaction record confirming chip-on-chip acceptance; PIN-verified or contactless authorization record if applicable; Authorization and settlement records
Highly winnable
Visa Core Rules and Visa Product and Service Rules; Visa Dispute Resolution (Visa Claims Resolution) documentation
Visa
13.1
Merchandise / Services Not Received
The cardholder paid but says they never received the merchandise or service by the expected date.
30 days
Carrier tracking showing delivery to the cardholder address; Signed proof of delivery or photo confirmation; For digital goods: download/access logs with timestamps and IP; Order confirmation and the agreed delivery timeframe; Any customer messages acknowledging receipt
Winnable with strong evidence
Visa Core Rules and Visa Product and Service Rules; Visa Dispute Resolution (Visa Claims Resolution) documentation
Visa
13.2
Cancelled Recurring Transaction
The cardholder says they cancelled a subscription or recurring billing but were charged anyway.
30 days
Your cancellation policy and the terms the customer accepted at sign-up; Records showing no cancellation request was received before the billing date; Login / usage activity during the disputed billing period; Proof the renewal terms were clearly disclosed at checkout
Winnable with strong evidence
Visa Core Rules and Visa Product and Service Rules; Visa Dispute Resolution (Visa Claims Resolution) documentation
Visa
13.3
Not as Described or Defective Merchandise
The cardholder received the item but claims it was defective or significantly different from how you described it.
30 days
Your product/service description exactly as shown at checkout; Photos, specs, or QA records proving what shipped matched the listing; Terms, return policy, and refund policy the customer accepted; Communication history about any resolution offered
Winnable with strong evidence
Visa Core Rules and Visa Product and Service Rules; Visa Dispute Resolution (Visa Claims Resolution) documentation
Visa
13.5
Misrepresentation
The cardholder claims the terms of the sale were misrepresented — common with free trials, hidden recurring charges, or undisclosed terms.
30 days
Screenshots of the offer terms exactly as the customer saw them; Timestamped acceptance of terms / trial disclosure at checkout; Pricing and renewal disclosures shown before purchase
Winnable with strong evidence
Visa Core Rules and Visa Product and Service Rules; Visa Dispute Resolution (Visa Claims Resolution) documentation
Visa
13.6
Credit Not Processed
The cardholder says you promised a refund or credit that never appeared on their statement.
30 days
Processor refund confirmation with transaction/reference ID; Date the credit was issued and when it settled; Your refund / no-return policy the customer accepted; Communication showing whether a refund was actually owed
Often winnable
Visa Core Rules and Visa Product and Service Rules; Visa Dispute Resolution (Visa Claims Resolution) documentation
Visa
13.7
Cancelled Merchandise / Services
The cardholder cancelled the order or returned the merchandise per policy but was still charged or not credited.
30 days
Your cancellation / return policy as accepted at purchase; Records showing whether a valid cancellation or return occurred; Proof of any credit already issued, or that the cancellation was invalid
Winnable with strong evidence
Visa Core Rules and Visa Product and Service Rules; Visa Dispute Resolution (Visa Claims Resolution) documentation
Visa
12.5
Incorrect Amount
The cardholder was charged an amount different from what they authorized.
30 days
The authorized amount vs. the settled amount with order detail; Itemized receipt or invoice the customer agreed to; Proof of any tip, tax, or adjustment the customer authorized
Winnable with strong evidence
Visa Core Rules and Visa Product and Service Rules; Visa Dispute Resolution (Visa Claims Resolution) documentation
Visa
12.6.1
Duplicate Processing
The cardholder says a single transaction was processed more than once.
30 days
Distinct order IDs, auth codes, and line items for each charge; Proof each charge corresponds to a separate purchase; If a true duplicate, evidence the duplicate was already refunded
Often winnable
Visa Core Rules and Visa Product and Service Rules; Visa Dispute Resolution (Visa Claims Resolution) documentation
Visa
11.3
No Authorization
The transaction was completed without obtaining the required authorization approval.
30 days
Authorization approval code for the transaction; Records showing a valid authorization was obtained at the correct time
Winnable with strong evidence
Visa Core Rules and Visa Product and Service Rules; Visa Dispute Resolution (Visa Claims Resolution) documentation
Visa
11.1
Card Recovery Bulletin
The transaction was authorized below the merchant floor limit (or without authorization) at a time the account was listed on the Card Recovery Bulletin / exception file, so a required check was skipped.
30 days
Authorization approval code obtained for the transaction; Records showing the account was not flagged on the exception file at the time of sale; Proof the transaction was correctly authorized rather than processed below floor limit
Winnable with strong evidence
Visa Core Rules and Visa Product and Service Rules; Visa Dispute Resolution (Visa Claims Resolution) documentation
Visa
11.2
Declined Authorization
The transaction was completed after the authorization request was declined (or was processed without a fresh approval), so a charge went through that the issuer had not approved.
30 days
Authorization approval code showing the transaction was actually approved; Records that the charge was not force-posted after a decline; Proof a fresh, valid authorization was obtained at the time of sale
Winnable with strong evidence
Visa Core Rules and Visa Product and Service Rules; Visa Dispute Resolution (Visa Claims Resolution) documentation
Visa
12.1
Late Presentment
The transaction was submitted for settlement outside the timeframe the network allows after authorization, and the issuer was unable to recover funds from the account by the time it cleared.
30 days
Authorization date and settlement date showing the transaction was presented on time; Transaction processing records with timestamps; Proof the account was still in good standing when the transaction settled
Winnable with strong evidence
Visa Core Rules and Visa Product and Service Rules; Visa Dispute Resolution (Visa Claims Resolution) documentation
Visa
10.5
Visa Fraud Monitoring Program
The transaction was flagged under the Visa Fraud Monitoring Program (VFMP), which lets issuers dispute card-absent transactions on accounts the program has identified for excessive fraud activity.
30 days
AVS (address) and CVV2 match results from the authorization; Device fingerprint / IP address tied to the cardholder; Delivery confirmation to the verified address and proof of product use; Records that the order passed your fraud-screening controls
Winnable with strong evidence
Visa Core Rules and Visa Product and Service Rules; Visa Dispute Resolution (Visa Claims Resolution) documentation
Visa
13.4
Counterfeit Merchandise
The cardholder claims the merchandise they received was counterfeit, and that a regulatory or governmental authority identified or seized it as counterfeit.
30 days
Proof of authenticity or licensing for the merchandise (supplier invoices, brand authorization); The product description and listing the customer accepted at checkout; Documentation contradicting any claim that an authority identified the goods as counterfeit; Your return/refund policy and any resolution offered
Winnable with strong evidence
Visa Core Rules and Visa Product and Service Rules; Visa Dispute Resolution (Visa Claims Resolution) documentation
Visa
13.8
Original Credit Transaction Not Accepted
The cardholder declines an Original Credit Transaction (a push payment/credit to their card) — for example because it is prohibited in their jurisdiction or they did not want to accept the funds.
30 days
Records of the Original Credit Transaction and the cardholder agreement to receive it; Proof the credit was valid and permitted for the recipient and jurisdiction; Communication authorizing the push payment to the card
Winnable with strong evidence
Visa Core Rules and Visa Product and Service Rules; Visa Dispute Resolution (Visa Claims Resolution) documentation
Visa
13.9
Non-Receipt of Cash or Load Transaction Value
The cardholder says they did not receive the cash they requested at a terminal (such as an ATM or cash-back transaction) or the value they expected from loading a prepaid account.
30 days
Terminal / ATM dispense records and journal logs for the transaction; Proof the cash was dispensed or the prepaid value was loaded; Reconciliation records showing the account was funded correctly
Winnable with strong evidence
Visa Core Rules and Visa Product and Service Rules; Visa Dispute Resolution (Visa Claims Resolution) documentation
Mastercard
4837
No Cardholder Authorization
The cardholder claims they did not authorize or participate in the transaction — Mastercard’s primary fraud chargeback.
45 days
AVS and CVC2 match results from the authorization; Device fingerprint / IP address tied to the cardholder; Proof of product access or use after the purchase; Delivery confirmation to the verified address; Prior undisputed purchase history from the same cardholder
Highly winnable
Mastercard Chargeback Guide
Mastercard
4853
Cardholder Dispute (Goods/Services Not as Described or Defective)
A broad consumer-dispute code: goods or services not received, not as described, defective, or a cancelled recurring charge.
45 days
The product/service description the customer accepted; Proof of delivery or proof the item matched the description; Terms, cancellation, and refund policy accepted at purchase; Communication history about any resolution offered
Winnable with strong evidence
Mastercard Chargeback Guide
Mastercard
4855
Goods or Services Not Provided
The cardholder paid but says the merchandise or service was never delivered or rendered.
45 days
Carrier tracking showing delivery to the cardholder; Signed proof of delivery or digital access logs; Order confirmation and agreed delivery window
Winnable with strong evidence
Mastercard Chargeback Guide
Mastercard
4834
Point-of-Interaction Error (Duplicate / Incorrect Amount)
A processing error — the cardholder was charged more than once or for an incorrect amount.
45 days
Distinct order IDs and auth codes for each charge; Itemized totals matching the authorized amounts; Proof of refund if a genuine duplicate occurred
Often winnable
Mastercard Chargeback Guide
Mastercard
4841
Cancelled Recurring or Digital Goods Transaction
The cardholder cancelled a recurring billing or digital subscription but was charged again.
45 days
Renewal terms and cancellation policy accepted at sign-up; Records showing no cancellation request before the billing date; Usage / login activity during the disputed period
Winnable with strong evidence
Mastercard Chargeback Guide
Mastercard
4808
Authorization-Related Chargeback
The transaction lacked a valid authorization, or the authorization was declined or expired.
45 days
Valid authorization approval code for the transaction; Records the authorization was obtained and not expired at settlement
Winnable with strong evidence
Mastercard Chargeback Guide
Mastercard
4863
Cardholder Does Not Recognize
The cardholder does not recognize the transaction on their statement (often a billing-descriptor confusion rather than true fraud).
45 days
Clear billing-descriptor records matching your business name; Order details, receipt, and customer information; Proof the customer placed and received the order
Highly winnable
Mastercard Chargeback Guide
Mastercard
4870
Chip Liability Shift — Counterfeit Fraud
A counterfeit card was used in a card-present transaction that was not processed via the EMV chip (for example a magstripe fallback on a chip-capable card), shifting counterfeit-fraud liability to the merchant. Mastercard's lost-or-stolen chip-liability variant is the separate code 4871.
45 days
Proof the terminal was EMV-certified and the chip was read (not a magstripe fallback); Transaction record confirming chip-on-chip acceptance; Authorization log showing EMV data was transmitted in the authorization request
Highly winnable
Mastercard Chargeback Guide
Mastercard
4871
Chip Liability Shift — Lost / Stolen / Never Received Fraud
Fraud occurred on a lost, stolen, or never-received card in a card-present transaction that was not completed with chip-and-PIN, shifting liability to the merchant.
45 days
Records that the terminal was EMV chip-and-PIN certified and the chip was read; Proof PIN verification was performed at the point of sale; Transaction record showing chip (not magstripe) acceptance; Authorization and settlement records
Winnable with strong evidence
Mastercard Chargeback Guide
Mastercard
4812
Account Number Not on File
The transaction was processed against a card account number that did not exist on the issuer’s file at the time of the transaction.
45 days
Authorization approval code and the account number as submitted; Records showing the card number was entered and authorized correctly; Proof a valid authorization response was received for the account
Winnable with strong evidence
Mastercard Chargeback Guide
Mastercard
4850
Installment Billing Dispute
In participating countries, the cardholder disputes an installment charge — for example claiming the installment plan was not what they agreed to, or that an installment was billed incorrectly.
45 days
The installment plan terms the cardholder accepted at purchase; Schedule of installments and the amount due for the disputed billing; Records showing the installment was billed per the agreed schedule; Proof of any credit issued if an installment was billed in error
Winnable with strong evidence
Mastercard Chargeback Guide
American Express
F29
Card Not Present Fraud
The cardholder disputes a card-not-present transaction as fraudulent — Amex’s primary online fraud code.
20 days
AVS and CID match results from the authorization; Device fingerprint / IP tied to the cardholder; Proof of delivery or product access after purchase; Prior undisputed order history from the cardholder
Highly winnable
American Express Merchant Reference Guide and Dispute (Chargeback) documentation
American Express
C08
Goods/Services Not Received or Only Partially Received
The cardholder paid but says they did not receive the goods or services, or received only part of the order.
20 days
Carrier tracking with delivery confirmation; Digital access logs for non-physical goods; Order details and agreed delivery timeframe
Winnable with strong evidence
American Express Merchant Reference Guide and Dispute (Chargeback) documentation
American Express
C31
Goods/Services Not as Described
The cardholder received the item but says it was materially different from what was described.
20 days
The product description the customer accepted at checkout; Proof the delivered item matched the listing; Return/refund policy accepted at purchase
Winnable with strong evidence
American Express Merchant Reference Guide and Dispute (Chargeback) documentation
American Express
C02
Credit Not Processed
The cardholder expected a credit or refund that was not processed.
20 days
Processor refund confirmation and reference ID; Settlement date of the credit; Refund policy accepted by the customer (if no credit was owed)
Often winnable
American Express Merchant Reference Guide and Dispute (Chargeback) documentation
American Express
C04
Goods/Services Returned or Refused
The cardmember returned merchandise or refused delivery and claims a credit was not applied to their account.
20 days
Your return and refund policy accepted at purchase; Proof the return did not meet your policy criteria, or that goods were not returned in acceptable condition; Refund confirmation and reference ID if a credit was already issued; Communication records about the return or refusal
Winnable with strong evidence
American Express Merchant Reference Guide and Dispute (Chargeback) documentation
American Express
C05
Goods/Services Cancelled
The cardholder cancelled the order or service but was charged or not refunded.
20 days
Cancellation policy accepted at purchase; Records of whether a valid cancellation occurred; Usage during the period billed, or proof of credit issued
Winnable with strong evidence
American Express Merchant Reference Guide and Dispute (Chargeback) documentation
American Express
P05
Incorrect Charge Amount
The amount charged differs from the amount the cardholder authorized.
20 days
Authorized vs. settled amount with itemized detail; Receipt or invoice the customer approved
Winnable with strong evidence
American Express Merchant Reference Guide and Dispute (Chargeback) documentation
American Express
P08
Duplicate Charge
The cardholder says they were charged more than once for a single purchase.
20 days
Distinct order IDs and auth codes for each charge; Proof each charge was a separate purchase; Refund proof if a genuine duplicate occurred
Often winnable
American Express Merchant Reference Guide and Dispute (Chargeback) documentation
American Express
F10
Missing Imprint
The cardholder disputes a transaction as fraudulent and Amex says no card imprint or equivalent record exists proving the card was present.
20 days
Transaction record showing the card was read (chip, swipe, or contactless); Signed receipt or terminal record tying the card to the sale; Any imprint or point-of-sale capture of the card details
Winnable with strong evidence
American Express Merchant Reference Guide and Dispute (Chargeback) documentation
American Express
F14
Multiple ROCs
The merchant submitted more than one Record of Charge (ROC) for the cardholder, and the cardholder denies participating in the additional charge records — saying they authorized one transaction, not the extra ones.
20 days
A signed receipt or Record of Charge for the specific disputed charge; Proof each Record of Charge is a separate, authorized transaction (distinct order IDs, dates, or items); Evidence of a recurring or installment agreement if the extra charges were expected; Proof of any credit already issued if a genuine duplicate o...
Winnable with strong evidence
American Express Merchant Reference Guide and Dispute (Chargeback) documentation
American Express
F24
No Cardmember Authorization
The cardholder acknowledges other purchases with you but says they did not authorize this specific transaction.
20 days
AVS and CID match results from the authorization; Device fingerprint / IP tied to the cardholder; Proof of delivery or product access for this transaction; Prior undisputed order history from the same cardholder
Highly winnable
American Express Merchant Reference Guide and Dispute (Chargeback) documentation
American Express
F30
EMV Counterfeit Fraud
The cardholder denies a card-present transaction in which a counterfeit chip card was used, and the chip was not properly processed.
20 days
Proof the terminal was EMV chip-enabled and the chip was read; Transaction record showing chip (not magstripe) acceptance; Authorization and settlement records
Winnable with strong evidence
American Express Merchant Reference Guide and Dispute (Chargeback) documentation
American Express
F31
EMV Lost / Stolen / Non-Received Fraud
The cardholder denies a card-present transaction made with a lost, stolen, or never-received chip card that was not properly processed via the EMV chip.
20 days
Proof the terminal was EMV chip-and-PIN certified and the chip was read; PIN verification record for the transaction; Authorization and settlement records
Winnable with strong evidence
American Express Merchant Reference Guide and Dispute (Chargeback) documentation
American Express
A01
Charge Amount Exceeds Authorization Amount
The amount you billed was higher than the amount Amex authorized for the transaction.
20 days
Authorization approval amount vs. the amount billed; Itemized record of any disclosed tip, tax, or adjustment; Proof the billed amount matched what the cardholder authorized
Winnable with strong evidence
American Express Merchant Reference Guide and Dispute (Chargeback) documentation
American Express
A02
No Valid Authorization
You did not obtain a valid authorization — the charge was declined or the card had expired when the transaction was processed.
20 days
Authorization approval code obtained at the time of sale; Records showing the card was valid and not expired; Proof the charge was not processed after a decline
Winnable with strong evidence
American Express Merchant Reference Guide and Dispute (Chargeback) documentation
American Express
A08
Authorization Approval Expired
You submitted the transaction after the authorization approval had already expired.
20 days
Authorization date and the settlement date showing the charge was timely; Records proving the transaction settled within the approval window; A fresh authorization if the original had aged
Winnable with strong evidence
American Express Merchant Reference Guide and Dispute (Chargeback) documentation
American Express
C14
Paid by Other Means
The cardholder says they were billed on their Amex card for a purchase they already paid for by another method.
20 days
Records showing the Amex charge corresponds to a distinct, unpaid purchase; Proof no other payment was applied to this same order; Itemized order and payment records
Often winnable
American Express Merchant Reference Guide and Dispute (Chargeback) documentation
American Express
C18
“No Show” or CARDeposit Cancelled
The cardholder says a lodging or reservation was cancelled, or that an expected credit for a CARDeposit charge was not received.
20 days
Your cancellation / no-show policy as accepted at booking; Records showing whether a valid cancellation occurred within policy; Proof of any credit already issued, or that a no-show charge was valid
Winnable with strong evidence
American Express Merchant Reference Guide and Dispute (Chargeback) documentation
American Express
C28
Cancelled Recurring Billing
The cardholder says they cancelled a recurring or subscription charge but were billed anyway.
20 days
Subscription terms and recurring-billing disclosure accepted at sign-up; Records showing no cancellation request was received before the billing date; Login or usage activity during the disputed billing period; Renewal notification sent before the charge, if applicable
Winnable with strong evidence
American Express Merchant Reference Guide and Dispute (Chargeback) documentation
American Express
M10
Vehicle Rental — Capital Damages
The cardholder disputes a charge you billed for capital damages to a rented vehicle.
20 days
Rental agreement and the damage-liability terms the cardholder accepted; Documentation of the damage (inspection reports, photos, repair invoices); Proof the charged amount reflects the actual damage cost
Winnable with strong evidence
American Express Merchant Reference Guide and Dispute (Chargeback) documentation
American Express
M49
Vehicle Rental — Theft or Loss of Use
The cardholder disputes a charge you billed for theft of, or loss of use of, a rented vehicle.
20 days
Rental agreement and the theft / loss-of-use terms the cardholder accepted; Police report or incident documentation for the theft; Records substantiating the loss-of-use period and amount charged
Winnable with strong evidence
American Express Merchant Reference Guide and Dispute (Chargeback) documentation
American Express
R03
Insufficient Reply
Amex requested more information about a transaction and you replied, but the documentation provided was not sufficient to resolve the inquiry.
20 days
The complete transaction record Amex requested (receipt, order, delivery proof); A clear written response addressing each point in the inquiry; Supporting documentation specific to the disputed transaction
Winnable with strong evidence
American Express Merchant Reference Guide and Dispute (Chargeback) documentation
American Express
R13
No Reply
Amex sent an inquiry about a transaction and did not receive a response within the required time, so the dispute proceeded by default.
20 days
The complete transaction record Amex originally requested; A timely written response addressing the inquiry; Proof of the records supporting the transaction
Winnable with strong evidence
American Express Merchant Reference Guide and Dispute (Chargeback) documentation
Discover
UD
Unauthorized / Disputed (Cardmember Does Not Recognize)
The Discover cardmember disputes the transaction as unauthorized or unrecognized.
30 days
AVS and CID match results; Device / IP evidence tied to the cardmember; Delivery confirmation and proof of product use; Clear billing descriptor and order history
Highly winnable
Discover Network Dispute Rules and Reason Code documentation
Discover
RG
Non-Receipt of Goods or Services
The Discover cardmember paid but says they never received the goods or services.
30 days
Carrier tracking with delivery confirmation; Digital access logs for non-physical goods; Agreed delivery timeframe and order details
Winnable with strong evidence
Discover Network Dispute Rules and Reason Code documentation
Discover
RM
Quality of Goods or Services (Not as Described)
The cardmember received the item but says its quality or description was misrepresented.
30 days
Accurate product/service description accepted at checkout; Proof the delivered item matched the listing; Return/refund policy and any resolution offered
Winnable with strong evidence
Discover Network Dispute Rules and Reason Code documentation
Discover
CD
Credit Not Processed
The cardmember expected a credit or refund that was never processed.
30 days
Refund confirmation and reference ID; Settlement date of the credit; Refund policy if no credit was owed
Often winnable
Discover Network Dispute Rules and Reason Code documentation
Discover
DP
Duplicate Processing
The cardmember says a single transaction was processed more than once.
30 days
Distinct order IDs and auth codes for each charge; Proof each charge was a separate purchase; Refund proof for any genuine duplicate
Often winnable
Discover Network Dispute Rules and Reason Code documentation
Discover
AP
Recurring Payments
The Discover cardmember disputes a recurring or subscription charge, typically claiming they cancelled or did not authorize the ongoing billing.
30 days
Subscription terms and recurring billing disclosure accepted at sign-up; Cancellation policy and records showing no cancellation request was received before the billing date; Login or usage activity during the disputed billing period; Renewal notification sent before the charge, if applicable
Winnable with strong evidence
Discover Network Dispute Rules and Reason Code documentation
Discover
AA
Does Not Recognize
The Discover cardmember does not recognize the transaction on their statement — a recognition dispute that often resolves once the merchant and purchase are identified.
30 days
A clear billing descriptor and the merchant name shown to the cardmember; Order details, AVS/CID results, and device/IP tied to the cardmember; Delivery confirmation or proof of product use
Highly winnable
Discover Network Dispute Rules and Reason Code documentation
Discover
null
No Authorization
The transaction was processed without obtaining a valid authorization — for example after a decline, or by bypassing the authorization request.
30 days
Authorization approval code obtained at the time of sale; Records showing the charge was not processed after a decline; Proof a valid authorization response was received
Winnable with strong evidence
Discover Network Dispute Rules and Reason Code documentation
Discover
IC
Illegible Sales Data
The sales data or receipt the merchant provided was illegible, so the transaction details could not be read to resolve the dispute.
30 days
A clear, legible copy of the sales receipt or transaction record; Itemized order details and the amount charged; Any supporting documentation tied to the transaction
Winnable with strong evidence
Discover Network Dispute Rules and Reason Code documentation
Discover
UA
Fraud — Cardmember Does Not Recognize / Unauthorized
The Discover cardmember claims the transaction was fraudulent or unauthorized — the merchant-facing fraud dispute code, with variants for card-present, card-not-present, and chip transactions.
30 days
AVS and CID match results from the authorization; Device fingerprint / IP tied to the cardmember (card-not-present); EMV chip / PIN or signed receipt records (card-present); Delivery confirmation, proof of product use, and prior order history
Highly winnable
Discover Network Dispute Rules and Reason Code documentation

Credit Card Chargeback Reason Codes (Visa, Mastercard, Amex, Discover)

A complete, plain-English reference for the active chargeback reason codes a merchant can receive across the four major card networks. Each code includes what it means, the response deadline, and the evidence that typically wins a dispute.

What's in it

64 active reason codes, one row each, with these fields:

Field Meaning
network Visa, Mastercard, American Express, or Discover
code The reason code as it appears on the dispute
title The network's name for the code
plain_english_meaning What the code actually means for the merchant
response_deadline How long the merchant has to respond
key_evidence The evidence that typically supports a response
winnability_label A rough read on how defensible the dispute usually is
source Where the code definition was drawn from

What the data shows

The 64 active codes break down by network as: American Express 23, Visa 20, Mastercard 11, Discover 10. Retired codes are deliberately excluded, so nobody builds a response around a code that no longer exists.

A note on accuracy

The card network makes the final decision on every dispute. This dataset is a reference for understanding and preparing a response, not a guarantee of outcome.

License

Published under CC BY 4.0. Free to use, cite, or redistribute with attribution. Maintained by ChargebackKit (chargebackkit.app/reason-codes).

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