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correct_foundationPlace_00048 | FactBench | 2 | 5 | https://weareintec.co.uk/about/ | en | About – inTEC Group | [
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] | null | [] | null | en | https://weareintec.co.uk/about/ | The Information & Communication Technologies (ICT) world has undergone significant change over the past five years due to the increasing convergence of mobile, telco and I.T. technologies.
We can deliver technology that keeps up with the evolving digital landscape and help companies deploy solutions to compete more effectively. The future looks bright for our network as we continue to revolutionise specialist support services for SMEs.
We help partners become full-service technology solutions providers.
Our acquisition model stands out in the market. In all cases, we acquire a controlling interest but the partners management remain the same. We see this as a very important element in ensuring that customers immediately have trust and confidence in exploring technology solutions.
Our route to market differentiates us from other consultancies in the technology sector and makes a compelling proposition for investors. We work with SMEs offering fully scalable digital technology solutions that can grow with their businesses.
We give our partners the ability to offer technology solutions and consulting services to their customers immediately, without having to invest their time and resources into building the necessary skill sets in house.
We share GP generated from services we provide to their customers and inevitably uncover further opportunities for them.
The partnership is a 2-way benefit. Our partners get access to the technology skills, consulting resources and full back office support necessary to grow their businesses (including Finance, Customer Relationship Management, Marketing, Billing, Leasing, HR) and we gain a loyal customer base that has been developed and nurtured over several years.
In 2018, we received investment from Maven Equity Finance/The Northern Powerhouse Investment Fund* allowing us to scale our network following the acquisition of Hale Communications and fuel a recruitment drive to further strengthen our team. In May 2019, we successfully secured £4m in growth capital funding from BOOST&Co. In August 2019 we added Cheshire Business Services to our expanding portfolio, followed by Titan Networks in November 2019. In March 2020, we welcomed iTek Computer Solutions to our group whilst RivaNET™ joined the inTEC GROUP in October 2020.
In July 2021 we entered into a £20 million facility agreement with Duke Royalty, allowing us to finance out our existing funders and provide additional capital for future acquisitions. We have subsequently acquired Miller Waite in September 2021, Provident IT and Firefly Enterprises in January 2022, Opal IT in February 2022 and Astec Computing in April 2022. In February 2023, we acquired Frog IT Services Ltd and Sweethaven in July 2023. | |||||||
correct_foundationPlace_00048 | FactBench | 3 | 34 | https://www.elevancehealth.com/annual-report/2012/index.html | en | Wellpoint 2012 Annual Report | [
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] | null | [] | null | null | At WellPoint, we believe there is an important connection between our members’ health and well-being—and the value we bring our customers and shareholders. So each day we work to improve the health of our members and their communities. And, we can make a real difference since we have more than 36 million people in our affiliated health plans, and nearly 67 million people served through our subsidiaries. As an independent licensee of the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association, WellPoint serves members as the Blue Cross licensee for California; the Blue Cross and Blue Shield licensee for Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Missouri (excluding 30 counties in the Kansas City area), Nevada, New Hampshire, New York (as the Blue Cross Blue Shield licensee in 10 New York City metropolitan and surrounding counties and as the Blue Cross or Blue Cross Blue Shield licensee in selected upstate counties only), Ohio, Virginia (excluding the Northern Virginia suburbs of Washington, D.C.), and Wisconsin. In a majority of these service areas, WellPoint’s plans do business as Anthem Blue Cross, Anthem Blue Cross and Blue Shield, Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Georgia and Empire Blue Cross Blue Shield, or Empire Blue Cross (in the New York service areas).
WellPoint also serves customers throughout the country as UniCare and in certain markets through our Amerigroup and CareMore subsidiaries. Our 1-800 CONTACTS, Inc. subsidiary offers customers online sales of contact lenses, eyeglasses and other ocular products. Additional information about WellPoint is available at www.wellpoint.com.
The Blue Cross and Blue Shield names and symbols and BlueCard are registered marks of the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association, an association of independent Blue Cross and/or Blue Shield Plans. | ||||||||
correct_foundationPlace_00048 | FactBench | 2 | 97 | https://citizensadviceplymouth.org.uk/trustees/ | en | Citizens Advice Plymouth | [
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] | null | [] | null | en | https://citizensadviceplymouth.org.uk/trustees/ | Paul Matthews
Interim Chair of Trustees
As the Interim Chair of Trustees, I work with a group of Trustees who collectively oversee the work of Citizens Advice Plymouth.
Paul has made Plymouth his base for all of his life and wants his city to be the best it can. He is committed to ensuring that his fellow citizens are supported as much as they need in their lives. He believes the work that Citizens Advice does is vital in ensuring all residents, irrespective of their personal circumstances, are presented with information that supports and enhances their lives.
Paul has gained great satisfaction from seeing the growth of Citizens Advice Plymouth through the toughest of times, from the strong and supportive relationships within the Trustee Board and from the knowledge that the charity helps to meet the needs of many clients who are well supported by the service that we provide.
His most recent professional role has been as a Project Director with Babcock in Germany and Italy, utilising his 40+ years’ experience in the MOD Facilities and Construction Management, covering both client and supplier senior leadership roles. He has supported military operations overseas . He is a Chartered Construction Manager, Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Building and holds a Master of Science degree in Construction Management.
He enjoys playing golf and spending as much time as possible with his family.
Chris Mottram
Treasurer
Chris retired to Dartmouth, Devon, in 2012. His early working career commenced in Chartered Accountancy and then commercial lending with Lloyd’s Bank Group. A career shift to the IT industry in 1980, joining Honeywell a US mainframe manufacturer, took Chris into a Sales role and 5 years later progressed to Regional Director with the worlds 2nd largest super-mini computer manufacturer, Data General. From 1990 with an IT career focus on large-scale application software development, he held successive board level appointments spanning, International Sales Director, International Operations Director and finally International MD/CEO roles for the last 14 years of his career.
In the 7 years prior to retirement, he held multiple simultaneous roles in both Intec Telecom Systems PLC and IOCore Group and was personally responsible for running 18 international companies and 3000+ employees, with over 300 tier 1 and tier 2 telecoms companies as clients, located in 56 countries. He personally led several major company acquisitions for Intec Telecom, doubling worldwide employees and adding $130 mill of revenue.
Chris became a Trustee & Treasurer of South Hams Citizens advice in 2013, a Trustee of Citizens Advice Devon in 2016 and joined us in Plymouth C A as Treasurer in 2018.
The experience of corporate governance, deep M and A skills, accounting and legal knowledge plus commercial acumen, compliment the knowledge Chris has gained from the 10 years of working with Citizens Advice.
Gavin Jones
Gavin is the Managing Director of Elixel, a digital product studio based in Plymouth. Over the last decade, Gavin has overseen the delivery of projects for a wide range of organisations including JP Morgan, WPA and Game. While co-founding Elixel in 2012 Gavin discovered the digital scene in the city was seriously underrepresented on a national scale.
With a vision to raise awareness of the city’s digital prowess whilst driving inter-industry collaboration, Gavin founded Digital Plymouth with business leaders from across the city. Within 18 months the City was listed on a national map of digital clusters and the reputation of the city continues to grow. Gavin’s passion for the city saw him join the trustee board in 2020 with the hope of driving the improvement of services through digital.
Jeremy Wollerton
Jeremy is a Yorkshireman by birth but spent his informative years in Plymouth. Having lived in 7 different cities and worked for 5 different Finance Houses he says it’s great to be back in the south west, “a place I call home”.
Jeremy has worked in the Financial Services sector for nearly 40 years and has been in Senior Management (Board Level) for 27 years. He is a specialist in Operational Excellence and brings a wealth of experience to the Trustees Board.
Jeremy is an ex Rugby player and Cricketer and is now an armchair critic of both sports.
Liz Edwards-Smith
Liz is an experienced senior leader and people and change specialist with over 20 years experience working across the public and private sectors. She has supported organisations and teams to deliver large scale transformation programmes including digital and culture change.
Following 14 years at Sema Group Plc, Schlumberger, KPMG and Atos Consulting, Liz founded a micro-consultancy focusing on organisational and team development underpinned by evidence based interventions. She is a qualified coach and Master Strengthscope Practitioner.
An experienced Non-Executive Director and Trustee, she successfully guided transformation of Age UK Plymouth including collaboration with local government and health to establish a Short Term Care Centre providing step-up / step-down care as part of the city’s health and social care system.
Liz is a Fellow of the CMI with a position on the South West Regional Board and a Graduate Chartered Member of the British Psychological Society with a position on the South West Branch Committee.
Living in Plymouth with her husband, two teenage children and a very chilled out Cocker Spaniel, outside of work and volunteering you will find her on a yoga mat, walking the dog (for miles!) or experimenting with Suminagashi art.
Liz is keen to support Citizens Advice Plymouth to continue to grow, to provide much needed services to residents in the city and further afield, and to advocate and campaign on behalf of those whose voices often go unheard.
Gill Saunders
Originally from rural East Devon Gill returned to the south west in 2016 after spending the majority of her working life in London, the North and overseas. She was a late-starter career civil servant, working first in front-line benefits offices and then mainly in Whitehall social security policy, with spells in health, social services and rural development.
Gill retired in 2013 after several years running the Social Security Advisory Committee, an advisory NDPB charged with oversight of the social security system and the scrutiny of proposed legislation. Towards the end of her time in Whitehall she took her first charity trustee/director post with Phoenix Futures, a large drug and alcohol rehab charity. She also volunteered with local environmental and wildlife charities and managed a large allotments and community gardening site, working with refugees and other marginalised communities.
Currently Gill is in my final term as a Director of the Cornwall Wildlife Trust, and she is the Trust’s Honorary Secretary. Her main responsibilities include oversight of the Board’s business programme and the Board/Executive interface, governance and compliance and the recruitment, induction and training of new trustees. She is the designated lead for Safeguarding and HR.
Gill lives in North Cornwall near Launceston, where she does a lot of very muddy wildlife and vegetable gardening – and occasionally miss the big city. | |||||||
correct_foundationPlace_00048 | FactBench | 2 | 78 | https://www.snstelecom.com/private-lte | en | The Private LTE & 5G Network Ecosystem: 2023 – 2030 | https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/CLl-dfQNWHEDKYNpc3cg1sp8wTK7hb5qlUslWMPjS0RDQiUfZSXALo-S8KprGKUm7i0V_A=w16383 | https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/CLl-dfQNWHEDKYNpc3cg1sp8wTK7hb5qlUslWMPjS0RDQiUfZSXALo-S8KprGKUm7i0V_A=w16383 | [
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] | null | [] | null | Release Date: November 2023
Number of Pages: 2,577
Number of Tables and Figures: 134 | en | https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/sxLxLXvl2F8XGlky80mGcjAxeGJICBxAaJB6pYnwe1Hdl2vmqPyYdOY1hnV3xWWgn22R_eqYTh0jfb3s_v_D91s1WSfP | https://www.snstelecom.com/private-lte | Table of Contents
1 Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Executive Summary
1.2 Topics Covered
1.3 Forecast Segmentation
1.4 Key Questions Answered
1.5 Key Findings
1.6 Summary of Private LTE/5G Engagements
1.7 Methodology
1.8 Target Audience
1.9 Companies & Organizations Mentioned
2 Chapter 2: An Overview of Private LTE & 5G Networks
2.1 An Introduction to the 3GPP-Defined LTE & 5G Standards
2.1.1 LTE: The First Global Standard for Cellular Communications
2.1.2 LTE-Advanced: Delivering the Promise of True 4G Performance
2.1.3 LTE-Advanced Pro: Laying the Foundation for the 5G Era
2.1.4 5G: Accelerating 3GPP Expansion in Vertical Industries
2.1.4.1 5G Service Profiles
2.1.4.1.1 eMBB (Enhanced Mobile Broadband)
2.1.4.1.2 URLLC (Ultra-Reliable, Low-Latency Communications)
2.1.4.1.3 mMTC/mIoT (Massive Machine-Type Communications/Internet of Things)
2.1.5 5G-Advanced & the Evolution to 6G
2.2 Why Adopt LTE & 5G-Based Private Wireless Networks?
2.2.1 Performance, Mobility, Reliability & Security Characteristics
2.2.2 Ability to Address Both Wide Area & Localized Coverage Needs
2.2.3 Variety of Frequency Bands, Bandwidth Flexibility & Spectral Efficiency
2.2.4 Interworking With Public Mobile Networks & Non-3GPP Technologies
2.2.5 3GPP Support for Industrial-Grade & Mission-Critical Applications
2.2.6 Future-Proof Transition Path Towards 6G Networks
2.2.7 Thriving Ecosystem of Chipsets, Devices & Network Equipment
2.2.8 Economic Viability of Deployment & Operational Costs
2.3 Key Themes Influencing the Adoption of Private LTE & 5G Networks
2.3.1 Critical Communications Broadband Evolution
2.3.2 Industry 4.0-Driven Wireless Connectivity Requirements
2.3.3 Localized Cellular Coverage for Enterprise Transformation Initiatives
2.3.4 Neutral Hosting, Smart Cities, Community Broadband & Other Themes
2.4 Practical Aspects of Private LTE & 5G Networks
2.4.1 LTE & 5G Technology Deployment Modes
2.4.1.1 LTE
2.4.1.2 NSA (Non-Standalone) 5G
2.4.1.3 SA (Standalone) 5G
2.4.2 Spectrum Options
2.4.2.1 National Spectrum for Specific Applications
2.4.2.1.1 Defense & PPDR (Public Protection & Disaster Relief)
2.4.2.1.2 Utilities & Critical Infrastructure Industries
2.4.2.1.3 Aviation, Maritime & Railway Communications
2.4.2.1.4 Other Segments
2.4.2.2 Local Area Licensed Spectrum
2.4.2.2.1 Local Area Licenses for Enterprises & Vertical Users
2.4.2.2.2 Local Leasing of Public Mobile Operator Frequencies
2.4.2.2.3 ASA (Authorized Shared Access) & Light Licensing
2.4.2.3 Unlicensed Spectrum
2.4.2.3.1 Designated License-Exempt Bands
2.4.2.3.2 Opportunistic Unlicensed Access
2.4.3 Network Size & Geographic Reach
2.4.3.1 Wide Area Private Cellular Networks
2.4.3.2 Medium-Scale Local Area Networks
2.4.3.3 On-Premise Campus Networks
2.4.4 Operational Scenarios
2.4.4.1 Isolated NPNs (Non-Public Networks)
2.4.4.2 Public Mobile Operator-Integrated NPNs
2.4.4.2.1 Dedicated Mobile Operator RAN Coverage
2.4.4.2.2 Shared RAN With On-Premise Core
2.4.4.2.3 Shared RAN & Control Plane
2.4.4.2.4 NPNs Hosted By Public Networks
2.4.4.3 Virtual Sliced Private Networks
2.4.4.4 Hybrid Public-Private Networks
2.4.4.5 Shared Core Private Networks
2.4.4.6 Secure MVNO (Mobile Virtual Network Operator) Arrangements
2.4.4.7 Other Approaches
2.4.5 Business Models
2.4.5.1 Fully Independent Private Networks
2.4.5.2 Service Provider-Managed Private Networks
2.4.5.3 Hybrid Ownership, Management & Control
2.4.5.4 Private NaaS (Network-as-a-Service)
2.4.5.5 Other Business Models
2.5 The Value Chain of Private LTE & 5G Networks
2.5.1 Semiconductor & Enabling Technology Specialists
2.5.2 Terminal OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers)
2.5.3 RAN, Core & Transport Infrastructure Suppliers
2.5.4 Service Providers
2.5.4.1 Critical Communications, Industrial, OT & IT System Integrators
2.5.4.2 Pure-Play Private 4G/5G Network Operators
2.5.4.3 National Mobile Operators
2.5.4.4 MVNOs
2.5.4.5 Neutral Hosts
2.5.4.6 Towercos (Tower Companies)
2.5.4.7 Cloud & Edge Platform Providers
2.5.4.8 Fixed-Line Service Providers
2.5.4.9 Fiber Network Operators
2.5.4.10 Satellite Communications Service Providers
2.5.5 End User Organizations
2.5.6 Other Ecosystem Players
2.6 Market Drivers
2.6.1 Growing Demand for High-Bandwidth & Low-Latency Wireless Applications
2.6.2 Endorsement From the Critical Communications & Industry 4.0 Sectors
2.6.3 Limited Public Cellular Coverage in Indoor, Industrial & Remote Environments
2.6.4 Availability of Suitable Spectrum Options for Private Use
2.6.5 Guaranteed Connectivity & QoS (Quality-of-Service) Control
2.6.6 Greater Levels of Network Security & Data Privacy
2.6.7 Operators' & Vendors' Desire for New Revenue Sources
2.6.8 Government-Funded 5G Innovation Initiatives
2.7 Market Barriers
2.7.1 Cost & ROI (Return-On-Investment) Justification
2.7.2 Technical Complexities of Network Deployment & Operation
2.7.3 Integration With Existing Infrastructure & Applications
2.7.4 Limited Scale Effects Due to Lack of Spectrum Harmonization
2.7.5 Competition From Non-3GPP Technologies & Solutions
2.7.6 LTE/5G Terminal Equipment-Related Challenges
2.7.7 Skills Gap & Shortage of Proficient Engineers
2.7.8 Conservatism & Slow Pace of Change
3 Chapter 3: Private LTE/5G System Architecture & Technologies
3.1 Architectural Components of Private LTE/5G Networks
3.2 UE (User Equipment)
3.2.1 Smartphones & Handportable Devices
3.2.2 Industrial-Grade Routers & Gateways
3.2.3 Mobile Hotspots & Vehicular Terminals
3.2.4 Fixed Wireless CPEs (Customer Premises Equipment)
3.2.5 Tablets & Notebook PCs
3.2.6 Smart Wearables
3.2.7 Cellular IoT Modules
3.2.8 Add-On Dongles
3.3 RAN (Radio Access Network)
3.3.1 E-UTRAN – LTE RAN
3.3.1.1 eNBs – LTE Base Stations
3.3.2 NG-RAN – 5G NR Access Network
3.3.2.1 gNBs – 5G NR Base Stations
3.3.2.2 en-gNBs – Secondary Node 5G NR Base Stations
3.3.2.3 ng-eNBs – Next-Generation LTE Base Stations
3.3.3 Architectural Components of eNB/gNB Base Stations
3.3.3.1 RUs (Radio Units)
3.3.3.2 Integrated Radio & Baseband Units
3.3.3.3 DUs (Distributed Baseband Units)
3.3.3.4 CUs (Centralized Baseband Units)
3.4 Mobile Core
3.4.1 EPC (Evolved Packet Core): LTE Mobile Core
3.4.1.1 SGW (Serving Gateway)
3.4.1.2 PGW (Packet Data Network Gateway)
3.4.1.3 MME (Mobility Management Entity)
3.4.1.4 HSS (Home Subscriber Server)
3.4.1.5 PCRF (Policy Charging & Rules Function)
3.4.2 5GC (5G Core): Core Network for Standalone 5G Implementations
3.4.2.1 Access, Mobility & Session Management
3.4.2.1.1 AMF (Access & Mobility Management Function)
3.4.2.1.2 SMF (Session Management Function)
3.4.2.1.3 UPF (User Plane Function)
3.4.2.2 Subscription & Data Management
3.4.2.2.1 AUSF (Authentication Server Function)
3.4.2.2.2 AAnF (AKMA Anchor Function)
3.4.2.2.3 UDM (Unified Data Management)
3.4.2.2.4 UDR (Unified Data Repository)
3.4.2.2.5 UDSF (Unstructured Data Storage Function)
3.4.2.2.6 UCMF (UE Radio Capability Management Function)
3.4.2.2.7 5G-EIR (5G Equipment Identity Register)
3.4.2.3 Policy & Charging
3.4.2.3.1 PCF (Policy Control Function)
3.4.2.3.2 CHF (Charging Function)
3.4.2.4 Signaling & Routing
3.4.2.4.1 SCP (Service Communication Proxy)
3.4.2.4.2 SEPP (Security Edge Protection Proxy)
3.4.2.4.3 BSF (Binding Support Function)
3.4.2.5 Network Resource Management
3.4.2.5.1 NEF (Network Exposure Function)
3.4.2.5.2 NRF (Network Repository Function)
3.4.2.5.3 NSSF (Network Slice Selection Function)
3.4.2.5.4 NSSAAF (Network Slice-Specific & SNPN Authentication-Authorization Function)
3.4.2.5.5 NSACF (Network Slice Admission Control Function)
3.4.2.6 Data Analytics & Automation
3.4.2.6.1 NWDAF (Network Data Analytics Function)
3.4.2.6.2 AnLF (Analytics Logical Function)
3.4.2.6.3 MTLF (Model Training Logical Function)
3.4.2.6.4 DCCF (Data Collection Coordination Function)
3.4.2.6.5 ADRF (Analytics Data Repository Function)
3.4.2.6.6 MFAF (Messaging Framework Adaptor Function)
3.4.2.7 Location Services
3.4.2.7.1 LMF (Location Management Function)
3.4.2.7.2 GMLC (Gateway Mobile Location Center)
3.4.2.8 Application Enablement
3.4.2.8.1 AFs (Application Functions)
3.4.2.8.2 SMSF (Short Message Service Function)
3.4.2.8.3 CBCF (Cell Broadcast Center Function)
3.4.2.8.4 5G DDNMF (5G Direct Discovery Name Management Function)
3.4.2.8.5 TSCTSF (Time-Sensitive Communication & Time Synchronization Function)
3.4.2.8.6 TSN AF (Time-Sensitive Networking Application Function)
3.4.2.8.7 EASDF (Edge Application Server Discovery Function)
3.4.2.9 Multicast-Broadcast Support
3.4.2.9.1 MB-SMF (Multicast-Broadcast SMF)
3.4.2.9.2 MB-UPF (Multicast-Broadcast UPF)
3.4.2.9.3 MBSF (Multicast-Broadcast Service Function)
3.4.2.9.4 MBSTF (Multicast-Broadcast Service Transport Function)
3.5 Transport Network
3.5.1 Fronthaul: RU-to-DU Transport
3.5.2 Midhaul: DU-to-CU Transport
3.5.3 Backhaul: RAN-to-Core Transport
3.5.4 Physical Transmission Mediums
3.5.4.1 Fiber & Wireline Transport Technologies
3.5.4.1.1 Owned, Lit & Dark Fiber
3.5.4.1.2 Ethernet & IP-Based Transport
3.5.4.1.3 WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing)
3.5.4.1.4 PON (Passive Optical Network)
3.5.4.1.5 OTN (Optical Transport Network)
3.5.4.1.6 DOCSIS, G.fast & Other Technologies
3.5.4.2 Microwave & mmWave (Millimeter Wave) Wireless Links
3.5.4.2.1 Traditional Bands (6 – 42 GHz)
3.5.4.2.2 V-Band (60 GHz)
3.5.4.2.3 E-Band (70/80 GHz)
3.5.4.2.4 W-Band (92 – 114.25 GHz)
3.5.4.2.5 D-Band (130 – 174.8 GHz)
3.5.4.3 Satellite Communications
3.5.4.3.1 GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit)
3.5.4.3.2 MEO (Medium Earth Orbit)
3.5.4.3.3 LEO (Low Earth Orbit)
3.6 Services & Interconnectivity
3.6.1 End User Application Services
3.6.1.1 Generic Broadband, Messaging & IoT Services
3.6.1.2 IMS Core: VoLTE-VoNR (Voice-Over-LTE/5G NR) & MMTel (Multimedia Telephony)
3.6.1.3 MBMS, eMBMS, FeMBMS & 5G MBS/5MBS (5G Multicast-Broadcast Services)
3.6.1.4 Group Communications & MCS (Mission-Critical Services)
3.6.1.5 IIoT (Industrial IoT), Cyber-Physical Control & Domain-Specific Connected Services
3.6.1.6 ProSe (Proximity-Based Services) for Direct D2D (Device-to-Device) Discovery & Communications
3.6.1.7 Vehicular, Aviation, Maritime & Railway-Related Applications
3.6.1.8 3GPP Service Frameworks for Vertical Industries
3.6.1.8.1 CAPIF (Common API Framework)
3.6.1.8.2 SEAL (Service Enabler Architecture Layer for Verticals)
3.6.1.8.3 EDGEAPP (Architecture for Enabling Edge Applications)
3.6.1.9 VAL (Vertical Application Layer) Enablers
3.6.1.9.1 V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything)
3.6.1.9.2 UAS (Uncrewed Aerial Systems)
3.6.1.9.3 5GMARCH/MSGin5G (Messaging in 5G)
3.6.1.9.4 FF (Factories of the Future)
3.6.1.9.5 PINAPP (Personal IoT Networks), XR (Extended Reality) & Others
3.6.2 Interconnectivity With 3GPP & Non-3GPP Networks
3.6.2.1 3GPP Roaming & Service Continuity
3.6.2.1.1 National & International Roaming
3.6.2.1.2 Service Continuity Outside Network Footprint
3.6.2.2 Non-3GPP Network Integration
3.6.2.2.1 ePDG (Evolved Packet Data Gateway)
3.6.2.2.2 TWAG/TWAP (Trusted WLAN Access Gateway/Proxy)
3.6.2.2.3 ANDSF (Access Network Discovery & Selection Function)
3.6.2.2.4 N3IWF (Non-3GPP Interworking Function)
3.6.2.2.5 TNGF (Trusted Non-3GPP Gateway Function)
3.6.2.2.6 TWIF (Trusted WLAN Interworking Function)
3.6.2.2.7 NSWOF (Non-Seamless WLAN Offload Function)
3.6.2.2.8 W-AGF (Wireline Access Gateway Function)
3.6.2.2.9 IWF (Interworking Function) for LMR (Land Mobile Radio)
3.6.2.2.10 ATSSS (Access Traffic Steering, Switching & Splitting)
3.7 Key Enabling Technologies & Concepts
3.7.1 3GPP Support for NPNs (Non-Public Networks)
3.7.1.1 Types of NPNs
3.7.1.1.1 SNPNs (Standalone NPNs)
3.7.1.1.2 PNI-NPNs (Public Network-Integrated NPNs)
3.7.1.2 SNPN Identification & Selection
3.7.1.3 PNI-NPN Resource Allocation & Isolation
3.7.1.4 CAG (Closed Access Group) for Cell Access Control
3.7.1.5 Mobility, Roaming & Service Continuity
3.7.1.6 Interworking Between SNPNs & Public Networks
3.7.1.7 UE Configuration & Subscription-Related Aspects
3.7.1.8 Other 3GPP-Defined Capabilities for NPNs
3.7.2 Critical Communications
3.7.2.1 MCX (Mission-Critical PTT, Video & Data)
3.7.2.2 QPP (QoS, Priority & Preemption)
3.7.2.3 IOPS (Isolated Operation for Public Safety)
3.7.2.4 Cell Site & Infrastructure Hardening
3.7.2.5 HPUE (High-Power User Equipment)
3.7.2.6 Other UE-Related Functional Enhancements
3.7.3 Industry 4.0 & Cellular IoT
3.7.3.1 URLLC Techniques: High-Reliability & Low-Latency Enablers
3.7.3.2 5G LAN (Local Area Network)-Type Service
3.7.3.3 Integration With IEEE 802.1 TSN (Time-Sensitive Networking) Systems
3.7.3.4 Native 3GPP Support for TSC (Time-Sensitive Communications)
3.7.3.5 5G NR Light: RedCap (Reduced Capability) UE Type
3.7.3.6 eMTC, NB-IoT & mMTC: Wide Area & High-Density IoT Applications
3.7.4 High-Precision Positioning
3.7.4.1 Assisted-GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System)
3.7.4.2 RAN-Based Positioning Techniques
3.7.4.3 RAN-Independent Methods
3.7.5 Edge Computing
3.7.5.1 Optimizing Latency, Service Performance & Backhaul Costs
3.7.5.2 3GPP-Defined Features for Edge Computing Support
3.7.5.3 Public vs. Private Edge Computing
3.7.6 Network Slicing
3.7.6.1 Logical Partitioning of Network Resources
3.7.6.2 3GPP Functions, Identifiers & Procedures for Slicing
3.7.6.3 RAN Slicing
3.7.6.4 Mobile Core Slicing
3.7.6.5 Transport Network Slicing
3.7.6.6 UE-Based Network Slicing Features
3.7.6.7 Management & Orchestration Aspects
3.7.7 Network Sharing
3.7.7.1 Service-Specific PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network) IDs
3.7.7.2 DNN (Data Network Name)/APN (Access Point Name)-Based Isolation
3.7.7.3 GWCN (Gateway Core Network): Core Network Sharing
3.7.7.4 MOCN (Multi-Operator Core Network): RAN & Spectrum Sharing
3.7.7.5 MORAN (Multi-Operator RAN): RAN Sharing Without Spectrum Pooling
3.7.7.6 DECOR (Dedicated Core) & eDECOR (Enhanced DECOR)
3.7.7.7 Roaming in Non-Overlapping Service Areas
3.7.7.8 Passive Sharing of Infrastructure Resources
3.7.8 E2E (End-to-End) Security
3.7.8.1 UE Authentication Framework
3.7.8.2 Subscriber Privacy
3.7.8.3 Air Interface Confidentiality & Integrity
3.7.8.4 Resilience Against Radio Jamming
3.7.8.5 RAN, Core & Transport Network Security
3.7.8.6 Security Aspects of Network Slicing
3.7.8.7 Application Domain Protection
3.7.8.8 Other Security Considerations
3.7.9 Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum
3.7.9.1 CBRS (Citizens Broadband Radio Service): Three-Tiered Sharing
3.7.9.2 LSA (Licensed Shared Access): Two-Tiered Sharing
3.7.9.3 Local Area Licensing of Shared Spectrum
3.7.9.4 LTE-U, LAA (Licensed Assisted Access), eLAA (Enhanced LAA) & FeLAA (Further Enhanced LAA)
3.7.9.5 MulteFire: Standalone LTE Operation in Unlicensed Spectrum
3.7.9.6 License-Exempt 1.9 GHz sXGP (Shared Extended Global Platform)
3.7.9.7 5G NR-U (NR in Unlicensed Spectrum)
3.7.10 Rapidly Deployable LTE & 5G Network Systems
3.7.10.1 NIB (Network-in-a-Box) Systems
3.7.10.2 Vehicular COWs (Cells-on-Wheels)
3.7.10.3 Aerial Cell Sites
3.7.10.4 Maritime Cellular Platforms
3.7.11 Direct Communications & Coverage Expansion
3.7.11.1 Sidelink for Direct Mode D2D Communications
3.7.11.2 UE-to-Network & UE-to-UE Relays
3.7.11.3 Indoor & Outdoor Small Cells
3.7.11.4 DAS (Distributed Antenna Systems)
3.7.11.5 IAB (Integrated Access & Backhaul)
3.7.11.6 Mobile IAB: VMRs (Vehicle-Mounted Relays)
3.7.11.7 NCRs (Network-Controlled Repeaters)
3.7.11.8 NTNs (Non-Terrestrial Networks)
3.7.11.9 ATG/A2G (Air-to-Ground) Connectivity
3.7.12 Cloud-Native, Software-Driven & Open Networking
3.7.12.1 Cloud-Native Technologies
3.7.12.2 Microservices & SBA (Service-Based Architecture)
3.7.12.3 Containerization of Network Functions
3.7.12.4 NFV (Network Functions Virtualization)
3.7.12.5 SDN (Software-Defined Networking)
3.7.12.6 Cloud Compute, Storage & Networking Infrastructure
3.7.12.7 APIs (Application Programming Interfaces)
3.7.12.8 Open RAN & Core Architectures
3.7.13 Network Intelligence & Automation
3.7.13.1 AI (Artificial Intelligence)
3.7.13.2 Machine & Deep Learning
3.7.13.3 Big Data & Advanced Analytics
3.7.13.4 SON (Self-Organizing Networks)
3.7.13.5 Intelligent Control, Management & Orchestration
3.7.13.6 Support for Network Intelligence & Automation in 3GPP Standards
4 Chapter 4: Key Vertical Industries & Applications
4.1 Cross-Sector & Enterprise Application Capabilities
4.1.1 Mobile Broadband
4.1.2 FWA (Fixed Wireless Access)
4.1.3 Voice & Messaging Services
4.1.4 High-Definition Video Transmission
4.1.5 Telepresence & Video Conferencing
4.1.6 Multimedia Broadcasting & Multicasting
4.1.7 IoT (Internet of Things) Networking
4.1.8 Wireless Connectivity for Wearables
4.1.9 Untethered AR/VR/MR (Augmented, Virtual & Mixed Reality)
4.1.10 Real-Time Holographic Projections
4.1.11 Tactile Internet & Haptic Feedback
4.1.12 Precise Positioning & Tracking
4.1.13 Industrial Automation
4.1.14 Remote Control of Machines
4.1.15 Connected Mobile Robotics
4.1.16 Unmanned & Autonomous Vehicles
4.1.17 BVLOS (Beyond Visual Line-of-Sight) Operation of Drones
4.1.18 Data-Driven Analytics & Insights
4.1.19 Sensor-Equipped Digital Twins
4.1.20 Predictive Maintenance of Assets
4.2 Vertical Industries & Specific Application Scenarios
4.2.1 Agriculture
4.2.1.1 Intelligent Monitoring of Crop, Soil & Weather Conditions
4.2.1.2 IoT & Advanced Analytics-Driven Yield Optimization
4.2.1.3 Sensor-Based Smart Irrigation Control Systems
4.2.1.4 Real-Time Tracking & Geofencing in Farms
4.2.1.5 Livestock & Aquaculture Health Management
4.2.1.6 Video-Based Remote Veterinary Inspections
4.2.1.7 Unmanned Autonomous Tractors & Farm Vehicles
4.2.1.8 Robots for Planting, Weeding & Harvesting
4.2.1.9 5G-Equipped Agricultural Drones
4.2.1.10 Connected Greenhouses & Vertical Farms
4.2.2 Aviation
4.2.2.1 Inflight Connectivity for Passengers & Cabin Crew
4.2.2.2 Connected Airports for Enhanced Traveler & Visitor Experience
4.2.2.3 Coordination of Ground Support Equipment, Vehicles & Personnel
4.2.2.4 ATM (Air Traffic Management) for Drones & Urban Air Mobility Vehicles
4.2.2.5 Wireless Upload of EFB (Electronic Flight Bag) & IFE (In-Flight Entertainment) Updates
4.2.2.6 Aircraft Data Offload for Operational & Maintenance Purposes
4.2.2.7 Video Surveillance of Airport Surface & Terminal Areas
4.2.2.8 5G-Enabled Remote Inspection & Repair of Aircraft
4.2.2.9 Navigation, Weather & Other IoT Sensors
4.2.2.10 Smart Baggage Handling
4.2.2.11 Asset Awareness & Tracking
4.2.2.12 Passenger Flow & Resource Management
4.2.2.13 Automation of Check-In & Boarding Procedures
4.2.2.14 Intelligent Airport Service Robots
4.2.3 Broadcasting
4.2.3.1 3GPP-Based PMSE (Program Making & Special Events)
4.2.3.2 Live AV (Audio-Visual) Media Production Using NPNs
4.2.3.3 Private 5G-Enabled Production in Remote Locations
4.2.3.4 Network Slicing for Contribution Feeds
4.2.3.5 Wire-Free Cameras & Microphones
4.2.3.6 Multicast & Broadcast Content Distribution
4.2.4 Construction
4.2.4.1 Wireless Connectivity for Construction Sites & Field Offices
4.2.4.2 Instantaneous Access to Business-Critical Applications
4.2.4.3 5G-Based Remote Control of Heavy Machinery
4.2.4.4 Autonomous Mobile Robots for Construction
4.2.4.5 IoT Sensor-Driven Maintenance of Equipment
4.2.4.6 Video Surveillance & Analytics for Site Security
4.2.4.7 Real-Time Visibility of Personnel, Assets & Materials
4.2.4.8 Aerial Surveying & Monitoring of Construction Sites
4.2.5 Education
4.2.5.1 Remote & Distance Learning Services
4.2.5.2 Mobile Access to Academic Resources
4.2.5.3 5G-Connected Smart Classrooms
4.2.5.4 Automation of Administrative Tasks
4.2.5.5 Personalized & Engaging Learning
4.2.5.6 AR/VR-Based Immersive Lessons
4.2.5.7 5G-Enabled Virtual Field Trips
4.2.5.8 Educational Telepresence Robots
4.2.6 Forestry
4.2.6.1 Wireless Connectivity for Forestry Operations & Recreation
4.2.6.2 5G-Facilitated Teleoperation of Forestry Equipment
4.2.6.3 Autonomous Harvesting & Milling Machinery
4.2.6.4 Real-Time Tracking of Equipment, Vehicles & Personnel
4.2.6.5 Cellular IoT Sensors for Biological & Environmental Monitoring
4.2.6.6 Wireless Cameras for Wildlife Observation, Conservation & Security
4.2.6.7 Early Wildfire Detection & Containment Systems
4.2.6.8 Drones for Search & Rescue Operations
4.2.7 Healthcare
4.2.7.1 5G-Connected Smart Hospitals & Healthcare Facilities
4.2.7.2 Wireless Transmission of Medical Imagery & Rich Datasets
4.2.7.3 Real-Time Monitoring of Patients in Acute & Intensive Care
4.2.7.4 Telehealth Video Consultations for Visual Assessment
4.2.7.5 Connectivity for AI-Based Healthcare Applications
4.2.7.6 AR Systems for Complex Medical Procedures
4.2.7.7 Remote-Controlled Surgery & Examination
4.2.7.8 Assisted Living & Rehabilitation Robotics
4.2.7.9 Immersive VR-Based Medical & Surgical Training
4.2.7.10 Connected Ambulances for EMS (Emergency Medical Services)
4.2.8 Manufacturing
4.2.8.1 Untethered Connectivity for Production & Process Automation
4.2.8.2 Wireless Motion Control & C2C (Control-to-Control) Communications
4.2.8.3 Cellular-Equipped Mobile Control Panels
4.2.8.4 Mobile Robots & AGVs (Automated Guided Vehicles)
4.2.8.5 Autonomous Forklifts & Warehouse Robotics
4.2.8.6 AR-Facilitated Factory Floor Operations
4.2.8.7 Machine Vision-Based Quality Inspection
4.2.8.8 Closed-Loop Process Control
4.2.8.9 Process & Environmental Monitoring
4.2.8.10 Precise Indoor Positioning for Asset Management
4.2.8.11 Remote Access & Maintenance of Equipment
4.2.9 Military
4.2.9.1 5G-Based Tactical Battlefield Communications
4.2.9.2 Smart Military Bases & Command Posts
4.2.9.3 ISR (Intelligence, Surveillance & Reconnaissance)
4.2.9.4 Command & Control of Weapon Systems
4.2.9.5 Remote Operation of Robotics & Unmanned Assets
4.2.9.6 AR HUD (Heads-Up Display) Systems
4.2.9.7 Wireless VR/MR-Based Military Training
4.2.9.8 Perimeter Security & Force Protection
4.2.10 Mining
4.2.10.1 Safety-Critical Communications in Remote Mining Environments
4.2.10.2 Wireless Control of Drilling, Excavation & Related Equipment
4.2.10.3 Automated Loading, Haulage & Train Operations
4.2.10.4 Video-Based Monitoring of Personnel & Assets
4.2.10.5 Underground Positioning & Geofencing
4.2.10.6 Smart Ventilation & Water Management
4.2.10.7 Real-Time Operational Intelligence
4.2.10.8 AR & VR for Mining Operations
4.2.11 Oil & Gas
4.2.11.1 Wireless Connectivity for Remote Exploration & Production Sites
4.2.11.2 Critical Voice & Data-Based Mobile Workforce Communications
4.2.11.3 Push-to-Video & Telepresence Conferencing for Field Operations
4.2.11.4 Cellular-Equipped Surveillance Cameras for Situational Awareness
4.2.11.5 IoT Sensor-Enabled Remote Monitoring & Automation of Processes
4.2.11.6 SCADA (Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition) Communications
4.2.11.7 Location Services for Worker Safety & Asset Tracking
4.2.11.8 AR Smart Helmets for Hands-Free Remote Assistance
4.2.11.9 Predictive Maintenance of Oil & Gas Facilities
4.2.11.10 Mobile Robots for Safety Hazard Inspections
4.2.12 Ports & Maritime Transport
4.2.12.1 Critical Communications for Port Workers
4.2.12.2 Automation of Port & Terminal Operations
4.2.12.3 5G-Connected AGVs for Container Transport
4.2.12.4 Remote-Controlled Cranes & Terminal Tractors
4.2.12.5 Video Analytics for Operational Purposes
4.2.12.6 Environmental & Condition Monitoring
4.2.12.7 Port Traffic Management & Control
4.2.12.8 AR & VR Applications for Port Digitization
4.2.12.9 Unmanned Aerial Inspections of Port Facilities
4.2.12.10 Private Cellular-Enabled Maritime Communications
4.2.12.11 Wireless Ship-to-Shore Connectivity in Nearshore Waters
4.2.12.12 5G-Facilitated Remote Steering of Unmanned Vessels
4.2.13 Public Safety
4.2.13.1 Mission-Critical PTT Voice Communications
4.2.13.2 Real-Time Video & High-Resolution Imagery
4.2.13.3 Messaging, File Transfer & Presence Services
4.2.13.4 Secure & Seamless Mobile Broadband Access
4.2.13.5 Location-Based Services & Enhanced Mapping
4.2.13.6 Multimedia CAD (Computer-Aided Dispatch)
4.2.13.7 Massive-Scale Video Surveillance & Analytics
4.2.13.8 Smart Glasses & AR Headgear for First Responders
4.2.13.9 5G-Equipped Police, Firefighting & Rescue Robots
4.2.13.10 5G MBS/5MBS in High-Density Environments
4.2.13.11 Sidelink-Based Direct Mode Communications
4.2.14 Railways
4.2.14.1 FRMCS (Future Railway Mobile Communication System)
4.2.14.2 Train-to-Ground & Train-to-Train Connectivity
4.2.14.3 Wireless Intra-Train Communications
4.2.14.4 Rail Operations-Critical Voice, Data & Video Services
4.2.14.5 ATO (Automatic Train Operation) & Traffic Management
4.2.14.6 Video Surveillance for Operational Safety & Security
4.2.14.7 Smart Maintenance of Railway Infrastructure
4.2.14.8 Intelligent Management of Logistics Facilities
4.2.14.9 Onboard Broadband Internet Access
4.2.14.10 PIS (Passenger Information Systems)
4.2.14.11 Smart Rail & Metro Station Services
4.2.15 Utilities
4.2.15.1 Multi-Service FANs (Field Area Networks)
4.2.15.2 Critical Applications for Field Workforce Communications
4.2.15.3 AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure)
4.2.15.4 DA (Distribution Automation) Systems
4.2.15.5 Microgrid & DER (Distributed Energy Resource) Integration
4.2.15.6 5G-Enabled VPPs (Virtual Power Plants)
4.2.15.7 Low-Latency SCADA Applications for Utilities
4.2.15.8 Teleprotection of Transmission & Distribution Grids
4.2.15.9 Video Monitoring for Critical Infrastructure Protection
4.2.15.10 Sensor-Based Detection of Water & Gas Leaks
4.2.15.11 AR Information Overlays for Repairs & Maintenance
4.2.15.12 Drone & Robot-Assisted Inspections of Utility Assets
4.2.15.13 Local Wireless Connectivity for Remote & Offshore Facilities
4.2.16 Other Verticals
5 Chapter 5: Spectrum Availability, Allocation & Usage
5.1 National & Local Area Licensed Spectrum
5.1.1 Low-Band (Sub-1 GHz)
5.1.1.1 200 – 400 MHz
5.1.1.2 410 & 450 MHz
5.1.1.3 600 MHz
5.1.1.4 700 MHz
5.1.1.5 800 MHz
5.1.1.6 900 MHz
5.1.2 Mid-Band (1 – 6 GHz)
5.1.2.1 1.4 GHz
5.1.2.2 1.6 GHz
5.1.2.3 1.8 GHz
5.1.2.4 1.9 GHz
5.1.2.5 2.1 GHz
5.1.2.6 2.3 GHz
5.1.2.7 2.4 GHz
5.1.2.8 2.5 GHz
5.1.2.9 2.6 GHz
5.1.2.10 3.3 – 3.8 GHz
5.1.2.11 3.8 – 4.2 GHz
5.1.2.12 4.6 – 4.9 GHz
5.1.2.13 Other Bands
5.1.3 High-Band mmWave (Millimeter Wave)
5.1.3.1 26 GHz
5.1.3.2 28 GHz
5.1.3.3 37 GHz
5.1.3.4 Other Bands
5.2 License-Exempt (Unlicensed) Spectrum
5.2.1 Sub-1 GHz Bands (470 – 790/800/900 MHz)
5.2.2 1.8 GHz DECT Guard Band
5.2.3 1.9 GHz sXGP Band
5.2.4 2.4 GHz (2,400 – 2,483.5 MHz)
5.2.5 3.5 GHz CBRS GAA Tier (3,550 – 3,700 MHz)
5.2.6 5 GHz (5,150 – 5,925 MHz)
5.2.7 6 GHz (5,925 – 7,125 MHz)
5.2.8 60 GHz (57 – 71 GHz)
5.2.9 Other Bands
5.3 North America
5.3.1 United States
5.3.2 Canada
5.4 Asia Pacific
5.4.1 Australia
5.4.2 New Zealand
5.4.3 China
5.4.4 Hong Kong
5.4.5 Taiwan
5.4.6 Japan
5.4.7 South Korea
5.4.8 Singapore
5.4.9 Malaysia
5.4.10 Indonesia
5.4.11 Philippines
5.4.12 Thailand
5.4.13 Vietnam
5.4.14 Laos
5.4.15 Myanmar
5.4.16 India
5.4.17 Pakistan
5.4.18 Rest of Asia Pacific
5.5 Europe
5.5.1 United Kingdom
5.5.1.1 Great Britain
5.5.1.2 Northern Ireland
5.5.2 Republic of Ireland
5.5.3 France
5.5.4 Germany
5.5.5 Belgium
5.5.6 Netherlands
5.5.7 Switzerland
5.5.8 Austria
5.5.9 Italy
5.5.10 Spain
5.5.11 Portugal
5.5.12 Sweden
5.5.13 Norway
5.5.14 Denmark
5.5.15 Finland
5.5.16 Estonia
5.5.17 Czech Republic
5.5.18 Poland
5.5.19 Ukraine
5.5.20 Türkiye
5.5.21 Greece
5.5.22 Bulgaria
5.5.23 Romania
5.5.24 Hungary
5.5.25 Slovenia
5.5.26 Croatia
5.5.27 Russia
5.5.28 Belarus
5.5.29 Rest of Europe
5.6 Middle East & Africa
5.6.1 Saudi Arabia
5.6.2 United Arab Emirates
5.6.3 Qatar
5.6.4 Oman
5.6.5 Bahrain
5.6.6 Kuwait
5.6.7 Jordan
5.6.8 Israel
5.6.9 Egypt
5.6.10 Algeria
5.6.11 Morocco
5.6.12 Tunisia
5.6.13 South Africa
5.6.14 Botswana
5.6.15 Zambia
5.6.16 Kenya
5.6.17 Ethiopia
5.6.18 Angola
5.6.19 Republic of the Congo
5.6.20 Gabon
5.6.21 Nigeria
5.6.22 Ghana
5.6.23 Senegal
5.6.24 Rest of the Middle East & Africa
5.7 Latin & Central America
5.7.1 Brazil
5.7.2 Mexico
5.7.3 Argentina
5.7.4 Colombia
5.7.5 Chile
5.7.6 Peru
5.7.7 Ecuador
5.7.8 Bolivia
5.7.9 Dominican Republic
5.7.10 Bardados
5.7.11 Trinidad & Tobago
5.7.12 Suriname
5.7.13 Rest of Latin & Central America
6 Chapter 6: Standardization, Regulatory & Collaborative Initiatives
6.1 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project)
6.1.1 Releases 11-14: 3GPP-Based Critical Communications Features
6.1.2 Release 15: 5G eMBB, Network Slicing, Improvements for MTC/IoT & MCX Extensions
6.1.3 Release 16: 3GPP Support for NPNs, 5G URLLC, TSN, NR-U & Vertical Application Enablers
6.1.4 Release 17: NPN Enhancements, Edge Computing, TSC, Expansion of IIoT Features, RedCap & NTN Connectivity
6.1.5 Release 18: 5G-Advanced, Further NPN Refinements, DetNet, Intelligent Automation, Spectrum Flexibility & XR Services
6.1.6 Releases 19, 20, 21 & Beyond: Succession From 5G-Advanced to the 6G Evolution
6.2 450 MHz Alliance
6.2.1 Promoting 3GPP Technologies in the 380 – 470 MHz Frequency Range
6.3 5G-ACIA (5G Alliance for Connected Industries and Automation)
6.3.1 Maximizing the Applicability of 5G Technology in the Industrial Domain
6.4 5GAIA (5G Applications Industry Array)
6.4.1 Advancing the Development of China's 5G Applications Industry
6.5 5G Campus Network Alliance
6.5.1 Supporting the Market Development of 5G Campus Networks in Germany
6.6 5GDNA (5G Deterministic Networking Alliance)
6.6.1 Industry Collaboration & Promotion of 5GDN (5G Deterministic Networking)
6.7 5GFF (5G Future Forum)
6.7.1 Accelerating the Delivery of 5G MEC (Multi-Access Edge Computing) Solutions
6.8 5G Forum (South Korea)
6.8.1 Expanding Convergence Between 5G Technology & Vertical Industries
6.9 5G Health Association
6.9.1 Interfacing 5G-Based Connectivity & Healthcare Applications
6.10 5G-MAG (5G Media Action Group)
6.10.1 5G-Based NPNs in Media Production
6.11 5GMF (Fifth Generation Mobile Communication Promotion Forum, Japan)
6.11.1 Initiatives Related to Local 5G Networks in Japan
6.12 5GSA (5G Slicing Association)
6.12.1 Addressing Vertical Industry Requirements for 5G Network Slicing
6.13 6G-IA (6G Smart Networks and Services Industry Association)
6.13.1 Private 5G-Related Projects & Activities
6.14 AGURRE (Association of Major Users of Operational Radio Networks, France)
6.14.1 Spectrum Access, Regulatory Framework & Industrial Ecosystem for Private Mobile Networks
6.15 APCO (Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials) International
6.15.1 Public Safety LTE/5G-Related Advocacy Efforts
6.16 ATIS (Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions)
6.16.1 Deployment & Operational Requirements of 5G-Based NPNs
6.16.2 Shared HNI & IBN Administration for CBRS Spectrum
6.16.3 Other Private LTE & 5G-Related Initiatives
6.17 BTG (Dutch Association of Large-Scale ICT & Telecommunications Users)
6.17.1 KMBG (Dutch Critical Mobile Broadband Users) Expert Group
6.18 B-TrunC (Broadband Trunking Communication) Industry Alliance
6.18.1 B-TrunC Standard for LTE-Based Critical Communications
6.19 CAMET (China Association of Metros)
6.19.1 Adoption of 3GPP Networks for Urban Rail Transit Systems
6.20 CEPT (European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations)
6.20.1 Common Spectrum Policies for Local 4G/5G, PPDR Broadband & FRMCS
6.21 DSA (Dynamic Spectrum Alliance)
6.21.1 Promoting Unlicensed & Dynamic Access to Spectrum
6.22 Electricity Canada (Canadian Electricity Association)
6.22.1 PVNO & Dedicated Spectrum for Smart Grid Communications
6.23 ENTELEC (Energy Telecommunications and Electrical Association)
6.23.1 Policy Advocacy & Other Private LTE/5G-Related Activities
6.24 EPRI (Electric Power Research Institute)
6.24.1 Research & Guidelines in Support of 3GPP-Based Utility Communications
6.25 ERA (European Union Agency for Railways)
6.25.1 Evolution of Railway Radio Communication Project
6.26 ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute)
6.26.1 Technical Specifications for FRMCS, PPDR Broadband, MCX & TETRA-3GPP Interworking
6.26.2 Other Work Relevant to Private LTE & 5G Networks
6.27 EU-Rail (Europe’s Rail Joint Undertaking)
6.27.1 FRMCS-Related Research & Innovation Activities
6.28 EUTC (European Utilities Telecom Council)
6.28.1 Addressing LTE & 5G-Related Requirements for European Utilities
6.29 EUWENA (European Users of Enterprise Wireless Networks Association)
6.29.1 Catalyzing the Wider Adoption of 3GPP-Based Private Networks
6.30 EWA (Enterprise Wireless Alliance)
6.30.1 Supporting the Private Wireless Industry in the United States
6.31 free5GC
6.31.1 Open-Source 5GC Software
6.32 GSA (Global Mobile Suppliers Association)
6.32.1 Advocacy for Private Mobile Networks
6.33 GSMA (GSM Association)
6.33.1 Guidelines for 5G Private & Dedicated Networks
6.34 GUTMA (Global UTM Association)
6.34.1 ACJA (Aerial Connectivity Joint Activity) Initiative
6.35 ITU (International Telecommunication Union)
6.35.1 International & Regional Harmonization of LTE/5G Spectrum
6.35.2 Defining the Role of IMT-2020 to Support Vertical Applications
6.36 JOTS (Joint Operators Technical Specification) Forum
6.36.1 NHIB (Neutral Host In-Building) Specification
6.37 JRC (Joint Radio Company)
6.37.1 Supporting LTE/5G-Based Smart Grid Initiatives
6.38 KRRI (Korea Railroad Research Institute)
6.38.1 Functional Testing & Certification of LTE-R (LTE-Based Railway Communications)
6.39 LF (Linux Foundation)
6.39.1 Magma Mobile Core Software Platform
6.39.2 LF Networking's 5G Super Blueprint
6.39.3 LF Edge's Akraino Private LTE/5G ICN (Integrated Cloud-Native) Blueprint
6.39.4 Other Projects Relevant to Private LTE & 5G Networks
6.40 MFA (MulteFire Alliance)
6.40.1 Uni5G Technology Blueprints for Private 5G Networks
6.40.2 Network Identifier Program Supporting Private & Neutral Host Networks
6.40.3 MulteFire Specifications: LTE Operation in Unlicensed Spectrum
6.40.4 Certification Program for MulteFire Equipment
6.40.5 MulteFire OSU (Online Sign-Up) System
6.41 NGA (Next G Alliance)
6.41.1 Building the Foundation for North American Leadership in 6G
6.42 NGMN (Next-Generation Mobile Networks) Alliance
6.42.1 Work Related to Private 5G & Network Slicing
6.43 NSC (National Spectrum Consortium)
6.43.1 Enhancing Spectrum Superiority & 5G Capabilities for Federal Users
6.44 OCP (Open Compute Project) Foundation
6.44.1 Initiatives Aimed at Open Designs for Telco Hardware
6.45 one6G Association
6.45.1 Driving 6G Innovation & Development Across Vertical Industries
6.46 ONF (Open Networking Foundation)
6.46.1 Aether Private 5G Connected Edge Platform
6.46.2 SD-RAN, SD-Core, OMEC & Other Relevant Projects
6.47 OnGo Alliance
6.47.1 Promoting 4G & 5G OnGo Wireless Network Technology
6.47.2 Technical Specifications & Guidelines for 4G/5G-Based CBRS Networks
6.47.3 Product Certification Program Supporting Multi-Vendor Interoperability
6.48 OPC Foundation
6.48.1 OPC UA (Unified Architecture) Over 5G for Industry 4.0 Applications
6.49 Open RAN Policy Coalition
6.49.1 Promoting Policies to Drive the Adoption of Open RAN
6.50 Open5GCore
6.50.1 Vendor-Independent 5GC Implementation
6.51 Open5GS & NextEPC
6.51.1 Open-Source 5GC & EPC Software
6.52 OpenInfra (Open Infrastructure) Foundation
6.52.1 StarlingX Software Stack for Ultra-Low Latency Edge Applications
6.52.2 OpenStack Cloud Software & Other Projects
6.53 O-RAN Alliance
6.53.1 O-RAN Architecture Specifications
6.53.2 O-RAN SC (Software Community)
6.53.3 Testing & Integration Support
6.54 OSA (OpenAirInterface Software Alliance)
6.54.1 OAI (OpenAirInterface) 5G RAN, Core & MOSAIC5G Projects
6.55 PIA (PSBN Innovation Alliance)
6.55.1 PSBN (Public Safety Broadband Network) Governance in Canada's Ontario Province
6.56 PMeV (German Professional Mobile Radio Association)
6.56.1 Professional Broadband & 5G Campus Network-Related Activities
6.57 PSBTA (Public Safety Broadband Technology Association)
6.57.1 Public Safety LTE/5G-Related Activities
6.58 PSCE (Public Safety Communication Europe)
6.58.1 Public Safety Broadband-Related Standardization Activities
6.58.2 BroadX Projects: Pan-European Interoperable Mobile Broadband System for Public Safety
6.59 Safe-Net Forum
6.59.1 Technical & Policy Guidance for 3GPP-Based Critical Communications Networks
6.60 SCF (Small Cell Forum)
6.60.1 Reference Blueprints for Private 5G Networks
6.60.2 Neutral Hosting, Edge Computing & Other Relevant Work
6.61 Seamless Air Alliance
6.61.1 Leading Global Standards for Inflight Connectivity
6.62 SimpleRAN
6.62.1 Ensuring Interoperability & Transparency in the vRAN Ecosystem
6.63 srsRAN Project
6.63.1 Open-Source 4G & 5G Software Suites
6.64 TCA (Trusted Connectivity Alliance)
6.64.1 5G SIM/eSIM Recommendations for Private Networks
6.65 TCCA (The Critical Communications Association)
6.65.1 CCBG (Critical Communications Broadband Group)
6.65.2 BIG (Broadband Industry Group)
6.65.3 SCADA, Smart Grid & IoT Group
6.65.4 Future Technologies Group
6.66 techUK
6.66.1 SPF (Spectrum Policy Forum)
6.67 TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association)
6.67.1 Defining Requirements for LMR-3GPP Interworking & Critical Broadband Capabilities
6.68 TIP (Telecom Infra Project)
6.68.1 5G Private Networks Solution Group
6.68.2 Neutral Host NaaS Solution Group
6.68.3 OpenRAN & Open Core Network Groups
6.68.4 Other Relevant Product & Solution Groups
6.69 TTA (Telecommunications Technology Association, South Korea)
6.69.1 Standardization Efforts for 3GPP-Based Public Safety, Railway & Maritime Communications
6.70 U.S. NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)
6.70.1 Public Safety Broadband & 5G-Related R&D Initiatives
6.71 U.S. NPSTC (National Public Safety Telecommunications Council)
6.71.1 Leadership for LMR-3GPP Interworking & Public Safety Broadband Communications
6.72 U.S. NTIA (National Telecommunications and Information Administration)
6.72.1 Wireless Innovation & Supply Chain Security
6.73 UBBA (Utility Broadband Alliance)
6.73.1 Championing the Advancement of Private Broadband Networks for Utilities
6.74 UIC (International Union of Railways)
6.74.1 FRMCS Program for the Replacement of GSM-R Networks
6.75 UK5G Innovation Network
6.75.1 Promoting Private 5G Adoption Projects, Testbeds & Trials
6.76 UNIFE (The European Rail Supply Industry Association)
6.76.1 UNITEL Committee: Development & Implementation of FRMCS
6.77 UTC (Utilities Technology Council)
6.77.1 Private LTE & 5G-Related Advocacy, Technology Development & Policy Efforts
6.78 UTCAL (Utilities Telecom & Technology Council América Latina)
6.78.1 Promoting Private LTE & 5G Networks for Latin American Utilities
6.79 VDMA (German Mechanical and Plant Engineering Association)
6.79.1 Guidelines for 5G in Mechanical & Plant Engineering
6.80 WBA (Wireless Broadband Alliance)
6.80.1 5G & Wi-Fi Convergence in Private 5G Networks
6.80.2 OpenRoaming for Private LTE/5G
6.81 WhiteSpace Alliance
6.81.1 Promoting the Use of 3GPP, IEEE & IETF Standards for TVWS Spectrum
6.82 WInnForum (Wireless Innovation Forum)
6.82.1 CBRS Standards for the Implementation of FCC Rulemaking
6.82.2 6 GHz Unlicensed Sharing & Other Committees
6.83 XGP (eXtended Global Platform) Forum
6.83.1 Development & Promotion of the sXGP Unlicensed LTE Service
6.84 Others
6.84.1 Vendor-Led Private LTE/5G Alliances
6.84.2 National Government Agencies & Regulators
6.84.3 Regional & Country-Specific Associations
6.84.4 Global Industry Initiatives & Organizations
7 Chapter 7: Review of Private LTE/5G Installations Worldwide
7.1 North America
7.1.1 United States
7.1.2 Canada
7.2 Asia Pacific
7.2.1 Australia
7.2.2 New Zealand
7.2.3 China
7.2.4 Hong Kong
7.2.5 Taiwan
7.2.6 Japan
7.2.7 South Korea
7.2.8 Singapore
7.2.9 Malaysia
7.2.10 Indonesia
7.2.11 Papua New Guinea
7.2.12 Philippines
7.2.13 Thailand
7.2.14 Vietnam
7.2.15 Laos
7.2.16 Myanmar
7.2.17 India
7.2.18 Pakistan
7.2.19 Bangladesh
7.2.20 Rest of Asia Pacific
7.3 Europe
7.3.1 United Kingdom
7.3.2 Republic of Ireland
7.3.3 France
7.3.4 Germany
7.3.5 Belgium
7.3.6 Netherlands
7.3.7 Switzerland
7.3.8 Austria
7.3.9 Italy
7.3.10 Spain
7.3.11 Portugal
7.3.12 Sweden
7.3.13 Norway
7.3.14 Denmark
7.3.15 Finland
7.3.16 Estonia
7.3.17 Czech Republic
7.3.18 Poland
7.3.19 Ukraine
7.3.20 Latvia
7.3.21 Türkiye
7.3.22 Greece
7.3.23 Bulgaria
7.3.24 Romania
7.3.25 Hungary
7.3.26 Slovakia
7.3.27 Slovenia
7.3.28 Croatia
7.3.29 Serbia
7.3.30 Kosovo
7.3.31 Russia
7.3.32 Belarus
7.3.33 Rest of Europe
7.4 Middle East & Africa
7.4.1 Saudi Arabia
7.4.2 United Arab Emirates
7.4.3 Qatar
7.4.4 Oman
7.4.5 Bahrain
7.4.6 Kuwait
7.4.7 Iraq
7.4.8 Jordan
7.4.9 Lebanon
7.4.10 Israel
7.4.11 Egypt
7.4.12 Algeria
7.4.13 Morocco
7.4.14 Tunisia
7.4.15 South Africa
7.4.16 Botswana
7.4.17 Zimbabwe
7.4.18 Zambia
7.4.19 Kenya
7.4.20 Ethiopia
7.4.21 Somalia
7.4.22 Madagascar
7.4.23 Mauritius
7.4.24 Angola
7.4.25 Republic of the Congo
7.4.26 Gabon
7.4.27 Central African Republic
7.4.28 Cameroon
7.4.29 Nigeria
7.4.30 Ghana
7.4.31 Côte d'Ivoire
7.4.32 Mali
7.4.33 Senegal
7.4.34 Rest of the Middle East & Africa
7.5 Latin & Central America
7.5.1 Brazil
7.5.2 Mexico
7.5.3 Argentina
7.5.4 Colombia
7.5.5 Chile
7.5.6 Peru
7.5.7 Venezuela
7.5.8 Ecuador
7.5.9 Bolivia
7.5.10 Dominican Republic
7.5.11 Jamaica
7.5.12 Barbados
7.5.13 Trinidad & Tobago
7.5.14 Dutch Caribbean
7.5.15 Suriname
7.5.16 Rest of Latin & Central America
8 Chapter 8: Private LTE/5G Case Studies
8.1 450connect: Nationwide 450 MHz LTE Network for the Digitization of German Energy & Water Utilities
8.1.1 Operational Model
8.1.2 Spectrum Type
8.1.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.1.4 Deployment Summary
8.2 ADF (Australian Defence Force): Revamping Military Training Facilities With Private Cellular Networks
8.2.1 Operational Model
8.2.2 Spectrum Type
8.2.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.2.4 Deployment Summary
8.3 Adif AV (Alta Velocidad): Private 5G Network for Strategic Logistics Terminals
8.3.1 Operational Model
8.3.2 Spectrum Type
8.3.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.3.4 Deployment Summary
8.4 Agnico Eagle Mines: Streamlining Mining Operations With Private 4G/5G Networks
8.4.1 Operational Model
8.4.2 Spectrum Type
8.4.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.4.4 Deployment Summary
8.5 Airport Authority Hong Kong: HKIA Public-Private 5G Infrastructure Project
8.5.1 Operational Model
8.5.2 Spectrum Type
8.5.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.5.4 Deployment Summary
8.6 Ameren: 900 MHz Private Communications Network for Grid Modernization
8.6.1 Operational Model
8.6.2 Spectrum Type
8.6.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.6.4 Deployment Summary
8.7 ANA (All Nippon Airways): Local 5G-Enabled Digital Transformation of Aviation Training
8.7.1 Operational Model
8.7.2 Spectrum Type
8.7.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.7.4 Deployment Summary
8.8 APM Terminals (Maersk): Revolutionizing Terminal Operations With Private 5G Networks
8.8.1 Operational Model
8.8.2 Spectrum Type
8.8.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.8.4 Deployment Summary
8.9 Aramco (Saudi Arabian Oil Company): Private LTE Network for Remote Oil & Gas Wells
8.9.1 Operational Model
8.9.2 Spectrum Type
8.9.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.9.4 Deployment Summary
8.10 ArcelorMittal: 5G Steel Project for the Digitization of Industries Sites
8.10.1 Operational Model
8.10.2 Spectrum Type
8.10.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.10.4 Deployment Summary
8.11 ASTRID: BLM (Blue Light Mobile) Secure MVNO Service for Belgian First Responders
8.11.1 Operational Model
8.11.2 Spectrum Type
8.11.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.11.4 Deployment Summary
8.12 BAM Nuttall: Accelerating Innovation at Construction Sites With Private 5G Networks
8.12.1 Operational Model
8.12.2 Spectrum Type
8.12.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.12.4 Deployment Summary
8.13 BlackRock: On-Premise Private 5G Network Installation for New York Global Headquarters
8.13.1 Operational Model
8.13.2 Spectrum Type
8.13.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.13.4 Deployment Summary
8.14 Brazilian Army: Leveraging Private LTE Infrastructure for National Defense Applications
8.14.1 Operational Model
8.14.2 Spectrum Type
8.14.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.14.4 Deployment Summary
8.15 BT Media & Broadcast: Portable Private 5G Networks for Live Sports Broadcasting
8.15.1 Operational Model
8.15.2 Spectrum Type
8.15.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.15.4 Deployment Summary
8.16 Bundeswehr (German Armed Forces): ZNV (Deployable Cellular Networks) Program
8.16.1 Operational Model
8.16.2 Spectrum Type
8.16.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.16.4 Deployment Summary
8.17 China National Coal Group: Multi-Band 700 MHz & 2.6 GHz Private 5G Network for Dahaize Coal Mine
8.17.1 Operational Model
8.17.2 Spectrum Type
8.17.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.17.4 Deployment Summary
8.18 City of Las Vegas: Municipal Private Wireless Network for Businesses, Government & Educational Institutions
8.18.1 Operational Model
8.18.2 Spectrum Type
8.18.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.18.4 Deployment Summary
8.19 Cologne Bonn Airport: Transforming Internal Operations With Private 5G Campus Network
8.19.1 Operational Model
8.19.2 Spectrum Type
8.19.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.19.4 Deployment Summary
8.20 COMAC (Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China): 5G-Connected Intelligent Aircraft Manufacturing Factories
8.20.1 Operational Model
8.20.2 Spectrum Type
8.20.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.20.4 Deployment Summary
8.21 ConocoPhillips: Private LTE Network for Curtis Island LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) Facility
8.21.1 Operational Model
8.21.2 Spectrum Type
8.21.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.21.4 Deployment Summary
8.22 CSG (China Southern Power Grid): Harnessing Private LTE & 5G Network Slicing for Smart Grid Operations
8.22.1 Operational Model
8.22.2 Spectrum Type
8.22.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.22.4 Deployment Summary
8.23 DB (Deutsche Bahn): Digitizing & Automating Rail Operations With 5G-Based FRMCS
8.23.1 Operational Model
8.23.2 Spectrum Type
8.23.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.23.4 Deployment Summary
8.24 Dongyi Group Coal Gasification Company: Hybrid Public-Private Network for Xinyan Coal Mine
8.24.1 Operational Model
8.24.2 Spectrum Type
8.24.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.24.4 Deployment Summary
8.25 Dow: Modernizing Chemical Plant Maintenance With Private Cellular Networks
8.25.1 Operational Model
8.25.2 Spectrum Type
8.25.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.25.4 Deployment Summary
8.26 EAN (European Aviation Network): Hybrid Satellite-A2G Network for Inflight Broadband
8.26.1 Operational Model
8.26.2 Spectrum Type
8.26.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.26.4 Deployment Summary
8.27 Edesur Dominicana: Custom-Built 2.3 GHz LTE Network for Critical Grid Communications
8.27.1 Operational Model
8.27.2 Spectrum Type
8.27.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.27.4 Deployment Summary
8.28 EDF: Private Mobile Networks for Enhanced Connectivity at Nuclear Power Plants & Wind Farms
8.28.1 Operational Model
8.28.2 Spectrum Type
8.28.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.28.4 Deployment Summary
8.29 Enel: Global 3GPP-Based Private Wireless Communications Platform for Utility Communications
8.29.1 Operational Model
8.29.2 Spectrum Type
8.29.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.29.4 Deployment Summary
8.30 ESN (Emergency Services Network): Great Britain's Critical Communications Broadband System
8.30.1 Operational Model
8.30.2 Spectrum Type
8.30.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.30.4 Deployment Summary
8.31 Estonian Ministry of Defense: Private 5G Network for CR14 (Cyber Range 14)
8.31.1 Operational Model
8.31.2 Spectrum Type
8.31.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.31.4 Deployment Summary
8.32 Evergy: Facilitating Grid Modernization With Private Broadband Network
8.32.1 Operational Model
8.32.2 Spectrum Type
8.32.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.32.4 Deployment Summary
8.33 EWA (Electricity and Water Authority, Bahrain): 410 MHz Private LTE Network
8.33.1 Operational Model
8.33.2 Spectrum Type
8.33.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.33.4 Deployment Summary
8.34 Ferrovial: Standalone Private 5G Network for the Silvertown Tunnel Project
8.34.1 Operational Model
8.34.2 Spectrum Type
8.34.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.34.4 Deployment Summary
8.35 FirstNet (First Responder Network): United States' Nationwide Public Safety Broadband Network
8.35.1 Operational Model
8.35.2 Spectrum Type
8.35.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.35.4 Deployment Summary
8.36 Fraport: Private 5G Campus Network for Future-Oriented Operations at Frankfurt Airport
8.36.1 Operational Model
8.36.2 Spectrum Type
8.36.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.36.4 Deployment Summary
8.37 Gale South Beach Hotel: CBRS Network for Guest Engagement & Hotel Operations
8.37.1 Operational Model
8.37.2 Spectrum Type
8.37.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.37.4 Deployment Summary
8.38 Gogo Business Aviation: 5G A2G Wireless Network for Inflight Connectivity
8.38.1 Operational Model
8.38.2 Spectrum Type
8.38.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.38.4 Deployment Summary
8.39 Gold Fields: Enabling Surface & Underground Communications With LTE Networks
8.39.1 Operational Model
8.39.2 Spectrum Type
8.39.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.39.4 Deployment Summary
8.40 Groupe ADP: 3GPP-Based Private Mobile Network for Paris Airports
8.40.1 Operational Model
8.40.2 Spectrum Type
8.40.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.40.4 Deployment Summary
8.41 Heathrow Commercial Telecoms: WAMD (Wide Area Mobile Data) Network
8.41.1 Operational Model
8.41.2 Spectrum Type
8.41.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.41.4 Deployment Summary
8.42 Hip Hing Engineering: Dedicated 5G Network for Kai Tak Sports Park
8.42.1 Operational Model
8.42.2 Spectrum Type
8.42.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.42.4 Deployment Summary
8.43 Hiroshima Gas: Local 5G-Powered Safety Operations at Hatsukaichi LNG Terminal
8.43.1 Operational Model
8.43.2 Spectrum Type
8.43.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.43.4 Deployment Summary
8.44 Hsinchu City Fire Department: Satellite-Backhauled Private 5G Network for PPDR Communications
8.44.1 Operational Model
8.44.2 Spectrum Type
8.44.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.44.4 Deployment Summary
8.45 Hutchison Ports: Driving the Digitization & Automation of Ports Through Private 5G Networks
8.45.1 Operational Model
8.45.2 Spectrum Type
8.45.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.45.4 Deployment Summary
8.46 iNET (Infrastructure Networks): Private 4G/5G-Ready Network for Remote Industrial Connectivity
8.46.1 Operational Model
8.46.2 Spectrum Type
8.46.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.46.4 Deployment Summary
8.47 John Deere: Private Cellular Connectivity for Manufacturing Processes & Agricultural Applications
8.47.1 Operational Model
8.47.2 Spectrum Type
8.47.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.47.4 Deployment Summary
8.48 KEPCO (Korea Electric Power Corporation): Private 5G Networks for Substation Management
8.48.1 Operational Model
8.48.2 Spectrum Type
8.48.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.48.4 Deployment Summary
8.49 KRNA (Korea Rail Network Authority): LTE-R (LTE-Based Railway Communications) Network
8.49.1 Operational Model
8.49.2 Spectrum Type
8.49.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.49.4 Deployment Summary
8.50 Kumagai Gumi: Unleashing the Potential of Unmanned Construction Using Local 5G Networks
8.50.1 Operational Model
8.50.2 Spectrum Type
8.50.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.50.4 Deployment Summary
8.51 Latvian Ministry of Defense: Camp Ādaži 5G Testbed for Defense Innovations
8.51.1 Operational Model
8.51.2 Spectrum Type
8.51.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.51.4 Deployment Summary
8.52 Lishui Municipal Emergency Management: 5G-Enabled Natural Disaster Management System
8.52.1 Operational Model
8.52.2 Spectrum Type
8.52.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.52.4 Deployment Summary
8.53 Lufthansa Technik: Industrial-Grade 5G Campus Network for Hamburg Engine Shops
8.53.1 Operational Model
8.53.2 Spectrum Type
8.53.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.53.4 Deployment Summary
8.54 Mercedes-Benz Group: World's First 5G Network for Automotive Production
8.54.1 Operational Model
8.54.2 Spectrum Type
8.54.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.54.4 Deployment Summary
8.55 Murray City School District: LTE-Based Private CBRS Network for K-12 Education
8.55.1 Operational Model
8.55.2 Spectrum Type
8.55.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.55.4 Deployment Summary
8.56 Nanjing Municipal Government: 1.4 GHz Broadband GRN (Government Radio Network)
8.56.1 Operational Model
8.56.2 Spectrum Type
8.56.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.56.4 Deployment Summary
8.57 NCRTC (National Capital Regional Transport Corporation): Private LTE Network for ETCS Level 2 Signaling
8.57.1 Operational Model
8.57.2 Spectrum Type
8.57.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.57.4 Deployment Summary
8.58 Nedaa: Dubai's Mission-Critical LTE & 5G-Ready Network for Professional Communications
8.58.1 Operational Model
8.58.2 Spectrum Type
8.58.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.58.4 Deployment Summary
8.59 Norwegian Armed Forces: Defense-Specific Network Slices & Tactical Private 5G Systems
8.59.1 Operational Model
8.59.2 Spectrum Type
8.59.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.59.4 Deployment Summary
8.60 Nutrien: Private Cellular Infrastructure for Improved Safety & Productivity in Underground Potash Mines
8.60.1 Operational Model
8.60.2 Spectrum Type
8.60.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.60.4 Deployment Summary
8.61 Ocado: 4G-Based Wireless Control System for Warehouse Automation
8.61.1 Operational Model
8.61.2 Spectrum Type
8.61.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.61.4 Deployment Summary
8.62 Ooredoo: Purpose-Built LTE Network for Qatar's Oil & Gas Industry
8.62.1 Operational Model
8.62.2 Spectrum Type
8.62.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.62.4 Deployment Summary
8.63 Ørsted: Boosting Offshore Wind Farm Safety & Efficiency With Private Cellular Networks
8.63.1 Operational Model
8.63.2 Spectrum Type
8.63.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.63.4 Deployment Summary
8.64 PCK Raffinerie: Accelerating Oil Refinery Digitization With 5G Campus Network
8.64.1 Operational Model
8.64.2 Spectrum Type
8.64.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.64.4 Deployment Summary
8.65 Petrobras (Petróleo Brasileiro): Private Cellular Connectivity for Offshore Platforms & Production Sites
8.65.1 Operational Model
8.65.2 Spectrum Type
8.65.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.65.4 Deployment Summary
8.66 PGE Systemy: 450 MHz Mission-Critical LTE Network for Polish Electricity & Gas DSOs
8.66.1 Operational Model
8.66.2 Spectrum Type
8.66.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.66.4 Deployment Summary
8.67 Porsche: Private 5G for Smart Manufacturing & Intelligent Vehicle Development
8.67.1 Operational Model
8.67.2 Spectrum Type
8.67.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.67.4 Deployment Summary
8.68 Port of Tyne: Advancing Smart Port Transformation With Private 5G Network
8.68.1 Operational Model
8.68.2 Spectrum Type
8.68.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.68.4 Deployment Summary
8.69 PSA International: Private 5G Connectivity for Pasir Panjang Terminal & Tuas Mega Port
8.69.1 Operational Model
8.69.2 Spectrum Type
8.69.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.69.4 Deployment Summary
8.70 PTA (Public Transport Authority of Western Australia): Radio Systems Replacement Project
8.70.1 Operational Model
8.70.2 Spectrum Type
8.70.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.70.4 Deployment Summary
8.71 Royal Thai Police: 800 MHz Public Safety LTE Network for Secure Communications
8.71.1 Operational Model
8.71.2 Spectrum Type
8.71.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.71.4 Deployment Summary
8.72 RRF (Radio Network of the Future): France's National Mission-Critical Broadband Network
8.72.1 Operational Model
8.72.2 Spectrum Type
8.72.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.72.4 Deployment Summary
8.73 Rudin Management Company: Neutral Host CBRS Network for Multi-Tenant Office Building
8.73.1 Operational Model
8.73.2 Spectrum Type
8.73.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.73.4 Deployment Summary
8.74 Safe-Net: South Korea's National Disaster Safety Communications Network
8.74.1 Operational Model
8.74.2 Spectrum Type
8.74.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.74.4 Deployment Summary
8.75 Santos: Wireless to the Wellhead Private LTE Project
8.75.1 Operational Model
8.75.2 Spectrum Type
8.75.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.75.4 Deployment Summary
8.76 São Martinho: Private LTE & 5G Networks for Agribusiness Applications
8.76.1 Operational Model
8.76.2 Spectrum Type
8.76.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.76.4 Deployment Summary
8.77 SCA (Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget): Local 5G Connectivity for Timber Terminals & Paper Mills
8.77.1 Operational Model
8.77.2 Spectrum Type
8.77.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.77.4 Deployment Summary
8.78 SDG&E (San Diego Gas & Electric): pLTE (Private LTE) Network for Advanced Safety & Protection Technologies
8.78.1 Operational Model
8.78.2 Spectrum Type
8.78.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.78.4 Deployment Summary
8.79 Seaboard Marine: Private Cellular Network Solution for Real-Time Cargo Vessel Monitoring
8.79.1 Operational Model
8.79.2 Spectrum Type
8.79.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.79.4 Deployment Summary
8.80 SGP (Société du Grand Paris): Private LTE Network for the Grand Paris Express Rapid Transit System
8.80.1 Operational Model
8.80.2 Spectrum Type
8.80.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.80.4 Deployment Summary
8.81 Shenzhen Metro: 3GPP Connectivity for Operations-Critical Railway Communications
8.81.1 Operational Model
8.81.2 Spectrum Type
8.81.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.81.4 Deployment Summary
8.82 Sinopec (China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation): 5G + Smart Petrochemical Project
8.82.1 Operational Model
8.82.2 Spectrum Type
8.82.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.82.4 Deployment Summary
8.83 SIRDEE: Spain's Mission-Critical Broadband Network for Public Safety Organizations
8.83.1 Operational Model
8.83.2 Spectrum Type
8.83.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.83.4 Deployment Summary
8.84 SNCF (French National Railways): Enabling Rail Innovations With 5G Technology
8.84.1 Operational Model
8.84.2 Spectrum Type
8.84.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.84.4 Deployment Summary
8.85 Southern Linc: CriticalLinc LTE Network for Utilities, Government & Business Customers
8.85.1 Operational Model
8.85.2 Spectrum Type
8.85.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.85.4 Deployment Summary
8.86 Swedish Armed Forces: Tactical 5G Bubbles for Secure Military Communications
8.86.1 Operational Model
8.86.2 Spectrum Type
8.86.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.86.4 Deployment Summary
8.87 Tampnet: Delivering Offshore Cellular Coverage Through Private 4G/5G-Ready Networks
8.87.1 Operational Model
8.87.2 Spectrum Type
8.87.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.87.4 Deployment Summary
8.88 Tianjin Port Group: On-Premise 5G Infrastructure for Intelligent & Automated Port Operations
8.88.1 Operational Model
8.88.2 Spectrum Type
8.88.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.88.4 Deployment Summary
8.89 TotalEnergies: 3GPP-Based PMR (Professional Mobile Radio) Network for Critical Communications
8.89.1 Operational Model
8.89.2 Spectrum Type
8.89.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.89.4 Deployment Summary
8.90 Toyota Motor Corporation: Private LTE & Local 5G Networks for Industry 4.0 Applications
8.90.1 Operational Model
8.90.2 Spectrum Type
8.90.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.90.4 Deployment Summary
8.91 U.S. Army: Expanding Military Communications Capabilities With 5G Technology
8.91.1 Operational Model
8.91.2 Spectrum Type
8.91.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.91.4 Deployment Summary
8.92 U.S. Marine Corps: Private 5G for Smart Warehousing & Expeditionary Base Operations
8.92.1 Operational Model
8.92.2 Spectrum Type
8.92.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.92.4 Deployment Summary
8.93 UKD (University Hospital of Düsseldorf): Improving Patient Care & Saving Lives With 5G Campus Network
8.93.1 Operational Model
8.93.2 Spectrum Type
8.93.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.93.4 Deployment Summary
8.94 UN (United Nations): Dedicated Cellular Networks for Peacekeeping Missions
8.94.1 Operational Model
8.94.2 Spectrum Type
8.94.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.94.4 Deployment Summary
8.95 Vale: Private Wireless Networks for Iron Ore Mining & Transport Operations
8.95.1 Operational Model
8.95.2 Spectrum Type
8.95.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.95.4 Deployment Summary
8.96 VIRVE 2.0: Finland's Nationwide Mission-Critical Broadband Service
8.96.1 Operational Model
8.96.2 Spectrum Type
8.96.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.96.4 Deployment Summary
8.97 VIT (Virginia International Terminals): Private 5G Network for Port Of Virginia Container Terminal
8.97.1 Operational Model
8.97.2 Spectrum Type
8.97.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.97.4 Deployment Summary
8.98 X Shore: Empowering Electric Boat Manufacturing With Private 5G Network
8.98.1 Operational Model
8.98.2 Spectrum Type
8.98.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.98.4 Deployment Summary
8.99 Xcel Energy: 900 MHz Private LTE Network for Electric & Gas Utility Operations
8.99.1 Operational Model
8.99.2 Spectrum Type
8.99.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.99.4 Deployment Summary
8.100 Yumeshima Container Terminal: Local 5G Network for the Digital Transformation of Port Facilities
8.100.1 Operational Model
8.100.2 Spectrum Type
8.100.3 Integrators & Suppliers
8.100.4 Deployment Summary
9 Chapter 9: Key Ecosystem Players
9.1 10T Tech
9.2 1NCE
9.3 1oT
9.4 3D-P (Epiroc)
9.5 450connect
9.6 4K Solutions
9.7 4RF
9.8 6Harmonics/6WiLInk
9.9 6WIND
9.10 7P (Seven Principles)
9.11 A Beep/Diga-Talk+
9.12 A1 Telekom Austria Group
9.13 A10 Networks
9.14 A5G Networks
9.15 AAEON Technology (ASUS – ASUSTeK Computer)
9.16 Aarna Networks
9.17 ABB
9.18 ABEL Mobilfunk
9.19 ABiT Corporation
9.20 ABS
9.21 Abside Networks
9.22 Accedian
9.23 AccelerComm
9.24 Accelink Technologies
9.25 Accelleran
9.26 Accenture
9.27 Access Spectrum
9.28 Accton Technology Corporation
9.29 Accuver (InnoWireless)
9.30 ACE Technologies
9.31 AceAxis
9.32 AceTel (Ace Solutions)
9.33 Achronix Semiconductor Corporation
9.34 ACOME
9.35 Actelis Networks
9.36 Action Technologies (Shenzhen Action Technologies)
9.37 Actiontec Electronics
9.38 Active911
9.39 Actus Networks
9.40 Adax
9.41 Adcor Magnet Systems
9.42 ADI (Analog Devices, Inc.)
9.43 ADLINK Technology
9.44 ADRF (Advanced RF Technologies)
9.45 ADT
9.46 Adtran
9.47 ADVA
9.48 Advanced Energy Industries
9.49 AdvanceTec Industries
9.50 Advantech
9.51 Advantech Wireless Technologies (Baylin Technologies)
9.52 Aegex Technologies
9.53 Aerial Applications
9.54 Aeris
9.55 Aerostar International
9.56 Aethertek
9.57 Affarii Technologies
9.58 Affirmed Networks (Microsoft Corporation)
9.59 AFL Global
9.60 AFRY
9.61 Agile (Agile Interoperable Solutions)
9.62 AGIS (Advanced Ground Information Systems)
9.63 AGM Mobile
9.64 AH NET (MVM NET)
9.65 AI-LINK
9.66 AINA Wireless
9.67 Airbus/SLC (Secure Land Communications)
9.68 Airfide Networks
9.69 Airgain
9.70 AirHop Communications
9.71 Airlinq
9.72 Airspan Networks
9.73 Airtower Networks
9.74 Airwavz Solutions
9.75 AIS (Advanced Info Service)
9.76 AiVader
9.77 Akamai Technologies
9.78 Akoustis Technologies
9.79 Alaxala Networks Corporation (Fortinet)
9.80 ALBEDO Telecom
9.81 albis-elcon (UET – United Electronic Technology)
9.82 Alcadis
9.83 Alea (Leonardo)
9.84 Alef (Alef Edge)
9.85 Alepo
9.86 Alibaba Group
9.87 Aliniant
9.88 Allbesmart
9.89 Allen Vanguard Wireless
9.90 Allerio
9.91 Allied Telesis
9.92 Allot
9.93 Alpha Networks
9.94 Alpha Wireless
9.95 Alsatis Réseaux
9.96 Alstom
9.97 Altaeros
9.98 Altair Semiconductor (Sony Semiconductor Israel)
9.99 ALTÁN Redes
9.100 Altice Group
9.101 Altiostar (Rakuten Symphony)
9.102 ALVIS (Argentina)
9.103 AM Telecom
9.104 Amantya Technologies
9.105 Amarisoft
9.106 Amazon/AWS (Amazon Web Services)
9.107 Ambra Solutions-ECOTEL
9.108 AMD (Advanced Micro Devices)
9.109 Amdocs
9.110 América Móvil
9.111 American Tower Corporation
9.112 AMI (American Megatrends International)
9.113 AMIT Wireless
9.114 Ampere Computing
9.115 Amphenol Corporation
9.116 Ampleon
9.117 Amtele Communication
9.118 Andesat
9.119 ANDRO Computational Solutions
9.120 Anktion (Fujian) Technology
9.121 Anokiwave
9.122 Anritsu
9.123 ANS – Advanced Network Services (Charge Enterprises)
9.124 Antenna Company
9.125 Anterix
9.126 Antna Antenna Technology
9.127 Aorotech
9.128 Apple
9.129 APRESIA Systems
9.130 APSTAR (APT Satellite Company)
9.131 APT (Asia Pacific Telecom)
9.132 aql
9.133 Aquila (Suzhou Aquila Solutions)
9.134 Aqura Technologies (Telstra Purple)
9.135 Arabsat
9.136 Arcadyan Technology Corporation (Compal Electronics)
9.137 Archos
9.138 Arete M
9.139 Argela
9.140 ArgoNET
9.141 Aria Networks
9.142 Arista Networks
9.143 Arkessa (Wireless Logic Group)
9.144 Arm
9.145 Armour Communications
9.146 Arqit Quantum
9.147 ArrayComm (Chengdu ArrayComm Wireless Technologies)
9.148 Arrcus
9.149 Artemis Networks
9.150 Artiza Networks
9.151 Aruba (HPE – Hewlett Packard Enterprise)
9.152 Arukona
9.153 Asavie
9.154 ASELSAN
9.155 AsiaInfo Technologies
9.156 AsiaSat (Asia Satellite Telecommunications Company)
9.157 Askey Computer Corporation (ASUS – ASUSTeK Computer)
9.158 ASOCS
9.159 Aspire Technology (NEC Corporation)
9.160 ASR Microelectronics
9.161 Assured Wireless Corporation (Nextivity)
9.162 AST SpaceMobile
9.163 ASTELLA (Astella Technologies)
9.164 ASTRI (Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute)
9.165 ASUS (ASUSTeK Computer)
9.166 Asylon
9.167 AT&T
9.168 ATDI
9.169 ATEL (Asiatelco Technologies)
9.170 Atel Antennas
9.171 Atesio
9.172 Athonet (HPE – Hewlett Packard Enterprise)
9.173 ATL – A Test Lab (Eurofins E&E – Electrical and Electronics)
9.174 Atlas Telecom
9.175 ATN International
9.176 Atos
9.177 Atrinet
9.178 Attabotics
9.179 AttoCore
9.180 Auden Techno
9.181 Auray Technology (Auden Techno)
9.182 Aurora Insight
9.183 Avanti Communications
9.184 Avari Wireless
9.185 AVI
9.186 Aviat Networks
9.187 Avidyne Corporation
9.188 AVIWEST (Haivision)
9.189 AVM
9.190 AW2S – Advanced Wireless Solutions and Services (SERMA Group)
9.191 AWTG
9.192 Axell Wireless
9.193 AXESS Networks (HISPASAT)
9.194 Axians (VINCI Energies)
9.195 Axiata Group
9.196 Axione
9.197 Axis Communications
9.198 Axon
9.199 Axtel
9.200 Axxcelera Broadband Wireless (Axxcss Wireless Solutions)
9.201 Axxcss Wireless Solutions
9.202 Azcom Technology
9.203 Azetti Networks
9.204 B+B SmartWorx (Advantech)
9.205 BAE Systems
9.206 BAI Communications/Boldyn Networks
9.207 Baicells
9.208 Ball Aerospace
9.209 Ballast Networks
9.210 BandRich
9.211 BandwidthX
9.212 Barrett Communications (Motorola Solutions)
9.213 BATS Wireless (Broadband Antenna Tracking Systems)
9.214 BAYFU (Bayerische Funknetz)
9.215 Baylin Technologies
9.216 BBB (BB Backbone Corporation)
9.217 BBK Electronics
9.218 BCDVideo
9.219 Beam Semiconductor
9.220 Beamlink
9.221 BearCom
9.222 BEC Technologies
9.223 becon
9.224 Beeper Communications
9.225 Beijer Electronics Group
9.226 Belden
9.227 BelFone
9.228 Bell Canada
9.229 Bellantenna
9.230 Benetel
9.231 BesoVideo
9.232 Betacom
9.233 Bharti Airtel
9.234 BHE (Bonn Hungary Electronics)
9.235 BICS (Proximus)
9.236 Billion Electric
9.237 BinnenBereik (NOVEC)
9.238 Bird Technologies
9.239 BISDN (Berlin Institute for Software Defined Networks)
9.240 Bittium
9.241 BK Technologies
9.242 Black & Veatch
9.243 Black Box
9.244 BlackBerry
9.245 Blackned
9.246 BLiNQ Networks (CCI – Communication Components Inc.)
9.247 Blu Wireless
9.248 Blue Arcus Technologies
9.249 Blue Danube Systems (NEC Corporation)
9.250 Blue Wireless
9.251 Bluebird
9.252 Blueforce Development Corporation
9.253 BLUnet Schweiz (Axpo WZ-Systems)
9.254 Boeing/Aurora Flight Sciences
9.255 Boelink (Shanghai Boelink Communication Technology)
9.256 Boingo Wireless (DigitalBridge Group)
9.257 Bombardier
9.258 Booz Allen Hamilton
9.259 Boston Dynamics
9.260 Bouygues Telecom
9.261 Boxchip
9.262 Branch Communications
9.263 BravoCom
9.264 Bredengen
9.265 Broadcom
9.266 BroadForward
9.267 Broadmobi – Shanghai Broadmobi Communication Technology (Wutong Group)
9.268 Broadpeak
9.269 Broadtech
9.270 BSNL (Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited)
9.271 BT Group
9.272 BTI Wireless
9.273 Bullitt Mobile
9.274 Bumicom Telecommunicatie
9.275 Bureau Veritas/7Layers
9.276 BVSystems (Berkeley Varitronics Systems)
9.277 BWT (BlueWaveTel)
9.278 BYD
9.279 B-Yond
9.280 C Spire
9.281 C Squared Systems
9.282 CableFree (Wireless Excellence)
9.283 CableLabs
9.284 CACI International/LGS Innovations
9.285 Cadence Design Systems
9.286 CalAmp
9.287 CalChip Connect
9.288 Caliber Public Safety
9.289 Calix
9.290 Calnex Solutions
9.291 Caltta Technologies
9.292 Cambium Networks
9.293 Cambridge Consultants (Capgemini Invent)
9.294 CampusGenius
9.295 Canoga Perkins
9.296 Canonical
9.297 Capgemini Engineering
9.298 CapX Nederland
9.299 Carbyne
9.300 Carlson Wireless Technologies
9.301 Casa Systems
9.302 CASIC (China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation)
9.303 Casio Computer Company
9.304 Castor Marine
9.305 Catalyst Communications Technologies
9.306 Cavli Wireless
9.307 CBNG (Cambridge Broadband Networks Group)
9.308 CCI (Communication Components Inc.)
9.309 CCN (Cirrus Core Networks)
9.310 CCww (Communications Consultants Worldwide)
9.311 Cegeka
9.312 CeLa Link Corporation
9.313 Celfinet (Cyient)
9.314 CellAntenna Corporation
9.315 Cellcomm Solutions
9.316 Cellient
9.317 Celling 5G
9.318 CellMax Technologies (Rosenberger)
9.319 Cellnex Telecom
9.320 CellOnyx
9.321 Cellwize (Qualcomm)
9.322 cellXica
9.323 cellXion
9.324 Celona
9.325 CelPlan Technologies
9.326 Centerline Communications
9.327 CENTRA Technology
9.328 CentralSquare Technologies
9.329 Ceragon Networks
9.330 Cerillion
9.331 CertusNet
9.332 CETC (China Electronics Technology Group Corporation)
9.333 CEVA
9.334 CGI
9.335 Challenge Networks (Vocus)
9.336 Charter Communications
9.337 Cheerzing (Xiamen Cheerzing IoT Technology)
9.338 Chelton
9.339 Chemring Technology Solutions
9.340 Chengdu NTS
9.341 China All Access
9.342 China Mobile
9.343 China Satcom (China Satellite Communications)
9.344 China Telecom
9.345 China Unicom
9.346 Chunghwa Telecom
9.347 Cibicom
9.348 CICT – China Information and Communication Technology Group (China Xinke Group)
9.349 Ciena Corporation
9.350 CIG (Cambridge Industries Group)
9.351 CIO (Connected IO)
9.352 Cirpack
9.353 Cisco Systems
9.354 Citymesh (Cegeka/DIGI Communications)
9.355 CitySwitch
9.356 CKH IOD (CK Hutchison)
9.357 Clavister
9.358 Clever Logic
9.359 CloudMinds
9.360 CMIoT (China Mobile IoT)
9.361 Cobham
9.362 COCUS
9.363 Codan Communications
9.364 Codium Networks
9.365 Cogisys
9.366 Cognizant
9.367 Cohere Technologies
9.368 Coherent Logix
9.369 Coiler Corporation
9.370 Collinear Networks (EOS – Electro Optic Systems)
9.371 Collins Aerospace (Raytheon Technologies Corporation)
9.372 Colt Technology Services
9.373 Com4 (Wireless Logic Group)
9.374 Comander (ANDRA)
9.375 Comarch
9.376 Comba Telecom
9.377 Combain Mobile
9.378 Comcast Corporation
9.379 Comcores
9.380 Comfone
9.381 COMLAB
9.382 CommAgility (E-Space)
9.383 CommandWear Systems
9.384 Commnet Wireless (ATN International)
9.385 Comms365
9.386 CommScope
9.387 Compal Electronics
9.388 Comprod
9.389 Comptek Technologies (Aero Wireless Group)
9.390 Comrod Communication Group
9.391 COMSovereign
9.392 Comtech Telecommunications Corporation
9.393 Comtest Wireless
9.394 Comtrend Corporation
9.395 Comviva (Tech Mahindra)
9.396 CONET Technologies
9.397 CONEXIO Corporation
9.398 CONGIV (ROBUR Industry Service Group)
9.399 Connect Tech
9.400 Connect44 Group
9.401 Connectivity Wireless Solutions (M/C Partners)
9.402 Contela
9.403 Continual
9.404 Coolpad
9.405 CopaSAT
9.406 coreNOC
9.407 Cornerstone (CTIL)
9.408 Cornet Technology
9.409 Corning
9.410 Cortina Access
9.411 Cosemi Technologies
9.412 COSMOTE (OTE Group)
9.413 Council Rock
9.414 Coweaver
9.415 Cox Communications
9.416 Cradlepoint (Ericsson)
9.417 Creanord
9.418 CrisisGo
9.419 CROSSCALL
9.420 Crown Castle International Corporation
9.421 CRSC (China Railway Signal & Communication Corporation)/CASCO Signal
9.422 CS Corporation
9.423 CSG Systems International
9.424 CTG (Celestia Technologies Group)
9.425 CTS (Communication Technology Services)
9.426 CTS Corporation
9.427 Cubic Corporation
9.428 Cubic Telecom
9.429 Cumucore
9.430 Custom MMIC
9.431 CybertelBridge
9.432 Cyient
9.433 Cyrus Technology
9.434 D2 Technologies
9.435 DAEL Group
9.436 Daeyoun System Company
9.437 Dahua Technology
9.438 Dali Wireless
9.439 DAMM Cellular Systems
9.440 DATACOM
9.441 DataSoft
9.442 DBcom
9.443 DeepSig
9.444 Dejero Labs
9.445 DEKRA
9.446 Dell Technologies
9.447 Delta Electronics
9.448 DENGYO (Nihon Dengyo Kosaku)
9.449 Dense Air (SIP – Sidewalk Infrastructure Partners)
9.450 DGS (Digital Global Systems)
9.451 Dialogic
9.452 Diamond Communications
9.453 Digi International
9.454 Digicert
9.455 Digita (DigitalBridge Group)
9.456 Digital Ally
9.457 Digital Enhancement
9.458 DigitalBridge Group
9.459 DigitalRoute
9.460 Digitata
9.461 DigitGate (Nanjing DigitGate Communication Technology)
9.462 Dimetor
9.463 DISH Network Corporation
9.464 DKK (Denki Kogyo)
9.465 D-Link Corporation
9.466 DMI
9.467 Doogee
9.468 Doosan Corporation
9.469 DragonWave-X (COMSovereign)
9.470 Drakontas
9.471 DriveNets
9.472 Drone Aviation (COMSovereign)
9.473 DroneSense
9.474 Druid Software
9.475 DSBJ (Suzhou Dongshan Precision Manufacturing)
9.476 DT (Deutsche Telekom)
9.477 DTAC (Total Access Communication)
9.478 du (EITC – Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company)
9.479 Duons
9.480 Durabook (Twinhead International Corporation)
9.481 Duubee
9.482 DZS
9.483 Eahison Communication
9.484 EANTC
9.485 Eastcom (Eastern Communications)
9.486 Easycom (Shenzhen Easycom Electronics)
9.487 E-Band Communications (Axxcss Wireless Solutions)
9.488 e-BO Enterprises
9.489 ECE (European Communications Engineering)
9.490 EchoStar Corporation
9.491 Ecom Instruments (Pepperl+Fuchs)
9.492 Ecrio
9.493 Edgecore Networks (Accton Technology Corporation)
9.494 EdgeQ
9.495 Edgybees
9.496 edotco Group (Axiata Group)
9.497 EDX Wireless
9.498 Edzcom (Cellnex Telecom)
9.499 Effnet
9.500 Eigencomm
9.501 eino
9.502 EION Wireless
9.503 Eir (Eircom)
9.504 Ekinops
9.505 Elbit Systems
9.506 Elefante Group
9.507 E-Lins Technology
9.508 Elisa
9.509 Elisa Polystar
9.510 Elistair
9.511 Elsight
9.512 Elta Systems (IAI – Israel Aerospace Industries)
9.513 Eltex
9.514 ELUON Corporation
9.515 ELVA-1
9.516 Emblasoft
9.517 Embraer
9.518 Embratel
9.519 Emerson
9.520 EMnify
9.521 EMS (Electronic Media Services)
9.522 Encore Networks
9.523 Endress+Hauser
9.524 Enea
9.525 ENENSYS Technologies
9.526 Energizer Mobile (Avenir Telecom)
9.527 EnerSys
9.528 Entropia
9.529 Entropy Solution
9.530 Eoptolink Technology
9.531 Epiroc
9.532 Equiendo
9.533 Eravant (SAGE Millimeter)
9.534 Ericsson
9.535 Errigal
9.536 Eseye
9.537 Esharah Etisalat Security Solutions
9.538 E-Space
9.539 Estalky (K-Mobile Technology)
9.540 ETELM
9.541 eTera (Sinotech R&D Group)
9.542 Ethernity Networks
9.543 Etherstack
9.544 Etisalat Group (e&)
9.545 ETRI (Electronics & Telecommunications Research Institute, South Korea)
9.546 Etteplan
9.547 EUCAST
9.548 Eurofins E&E (Electrical and Electronics)
9.549 Eurotech
9.550 Eutelsat Communications
9.551 Eventide Communications
9.552 Exacom
9.553 Exaware
9.554 Excelerate Technology
9.555 EXFO
9.556 Exium
9.557 Expandium
9.558 Expeto
9.559 ExteNet Systems (DigitalBridge Group)
9.560 Extreme Networks
9.561 EY (Ernst & Young)
9.562 Eyecom Telecommunications Group
9.563 EZcon Network
9.564 F2G (Far-Together) Solutions
9.565 F5
9.566 Fairspectrum
9.567 Fairwaves
9.568 Faraday Technology Corporation
9.569 Fastback Networks (COMSovereign)
9.570 FCNT (Fujitsu Connected Technologies)-JEMS (Japan EM Solutions)
9.571 Federal Engineering
9.572 Federated Wireless
9.573 Fenix Group
9.574 Festo
9.575 FET (Far EasTone Telecommunications)
9.576 FIBERSTAMP
9.577 Fibocom
9.578 Fibrolan
9.579 Filtronic
9.580 Fingu (Wuhan Fingu Electronic Technology)
9.581 Fiplex Communications (Honeywell International)
9.582 Firecell
9.583 Fivecomm
9.584 Flash Networks
9.585 Flash Private Mobile Networks
9.586 Fleet Complete
9.587 Flex
9.588 Flex Logix Technologies
9.589 Flightcell International
9.590 FLIR Systems
9.591 floLIVE
9.592 Flymotion
9.593 FMBE (FMB Engineering)
9.594 Forsk
9.595 Fortinet
9.596 Fortress Solutions
9.597 Four-Faith Communication Technology
9.598 Foxconn (Hon Hai Technology Group)
9.599 Franklin Wireless
9.600 Fraunhofer FOKUS (Institute for Open Communication Systems)
9.601 Fraunhofer HHI (Heinrich Hertz Institute)
9.602 Fraunhofer IIS (Institute for Integrated Circuits)
9.603 Fraunhofer IPT (Institute for Production Technology)
9.604 FreedomFi
9.605 Freeeway
9.606 Frequentis
9.607 Freshwave Group (DigitalBridge Group)
9.608 Frog Cellsat
9.609 FRTek
9.610 FSG (Field Solutions Group)
9.611 FTS – Formula Telecom Solutions (Magic Software Group)
9.612 Fujikura
9.613 Fujitsu
9.614 Funk-Electronic Piciorgros
9.615 Funkwerk
9.616 Furukawa Electric
9.617 Furuno Electric
9.618 Future Technologies Venture
9.619 G REIGNS (HTC Corporation)
9.620 G+D (Giesecke+Devrient)
9.621 G3 Global
9.622 Galtronics (Baylin Technologies)
9.623 Gamma Nu
9.624 Gapwaves
9.625 Garderos
9.626 Gazprom Space Systems
9.627 GCT Semiconductor
9.628 GD (General Devices)
9.629 GE (General Electric)
9.630 Gemtek Technology
9.631 General Dynamics
9.632 Genesis Group
9.633 GENEViSiO (QNAP Systems)
9.634 Genew Technologies
9.635 Genmix Technology
9.636 GenXComm
9.637 Geotab
9.638 GeoTraq
9.639 Getac Technology Corporation
9.640 Gewei (Wuhan Gewei Electronic Technology)
9.641 GF (GlobalFoundries)
9.642 GIGABYTE Technology
9.643 Gigalane
9.644 GIGALIGHT
9.645 Gigamon
9.646 GigaTera Communications (KMW)
9.647 GigSky
9.648 Gilat Satellite Networks
9.649 GL Communications
9.650 Global Telecom
9.651 Globalgig
9.652 Globalstar
9.653 Globe Telecom
9.654 GNConnect (Greenet)
9.655 Gogo Business Aviation
9.656 Goodman Telecom Services
9.657 Goodmill Systems
9.658 Google (Alphabet)
9.659 Goosetown Communications
9.660 Gore (W. L. Gore & Associates)
9.661 GosuncnWelink Technology (Gosuncn Group)
9.662 Granite Telecommunications
9.663 Grape One (Sumitomo Corporation)
9.664 Green Communications
9.665 Green Packet
9.666 GreenPalm (Hangzhou GreenPalm Technology)
9.667 GrenTech
9.668 GridGears
9.669 Groundhog Technologies
9.670 GroupTalk
9.671 GS Lab (Great Software Laboratory)
9.672 GSI (GS Instech)/GST (GS Teletech)
9.673 Guavus (Thales)
9.674 Guerrilla RF
9.675 HAAS Alert
9.676 Haier
9.677 Haivision
9.678 Halys
9.679 Hancom MDS
9.680 Handheld Group
9.681 Handsfree Group
9.682 Hansen Technologies
9.683 Hanswell
9.684 Hanwha Techwin
9.685 HAPSMobile
9.686 Harbor Max
9.687 HARMAN DTS (Digital Transformation Solutions)
9.688 HARTING
9.689 Harvilon (Shenzhen Harvilon Technology)
9.690 Hawk Networks (Althea)
9.691 Haystax Technology (Fishtech Group/Cyderes)
9.692 HBFEC (Hebei Far East Communication System Engineering)
9.693 HCL Technologies
9.694 Helios (Fujian Helios Technologies)
9.695 Hengxin (Jiangsu Hengxin Technology)
9.696 Henkel
9.697 Herystorm (Guangzhou Herystorm Technology)
9.698 Hexagon
9.699 Hexagon Communication (Suzhou Hexagon Communication Technologies)
9.700 HFCL
9.701 HFR Networks
9.702 HG Genuine (HGTECH – Huagong Technology)
9.703 Highstreet Technologies
9.704 Hikvision (Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology)
9.705 Hilinks Technology
9.706 HipLink Software
9.707 Hisense
9.708 HiSilicon Technologies (Huawei)
9.709 HISPASAT
9.710 Hitachi
9.711 HKT (PCCW)
9.712 HKTech (Howking Tech)
9.713 HLS (HARD-LINE Solutions)
9.714 HMD Global
9.715 HMF (Hytera Mobilfunk)
9.716 HMS Networks
9.717 Hoimyung ICT
9.718 Hologram
9.719 Honeywell International
9.720 Hongdian Corporation
9.721 HONOR
9.722 Hoverfly Technologies
9.723 HP
9.724 HPE (Hewlett Packard Enterprise)
9.725 HQT (Shenzhen HQT Science and Technology)
9.726 HSC (Hughes Systique Corporation)
9.727 HTC Corporation
9.728 Huahuan (Beijing Huahuan Electronics)
9.729 Huaptec
9.730 Huawei
9.731 HUBER+SUHNER
9.732 HUCOM Wireless
9.733 Hughes Network Systems (EchoStar Corporation)
9.734 HXI (Renaissance Electronics & Communications)
9.735 Hypha (Wireless Innovation)
9.736 Hytec Inter
9.737 Hytera Communications
9.738 i.safe MOBILE
9.739 i2i Systems
9.740 iBASIS (Tofane Global)
9.741 IBM
9.742 IBO Technology Company
9.743 iBwave Solutions
9.744 iCana (Foxconn – Hon Hai Technology Group)
9.745 Ice Norway (Lyse)
9.746 Icom
9.747 Iconec
9.748 iConNext
9.749 iDAQS
9.750 IDEMIA
9.751 IDY Corporation
9.752 IFLY Electronics
9.753 ifm
9.754 IIJ (Internet Initiative Japan)
9.755 II-VI
9.756 IM Technology
9.757 Imec
9.758 IMPTT
9.759 InCoax Networks
9.760 Indra
9.761 iNET (Infrastructure Networks)
9.762 INEX Microtechnology
9.763 Infineon Technologies
9.764 Infinera
9.765 InfiNet Wireless
9.766 Infinite Electronics
9.767 Infomark Corporation
9.768 Infosys
9.769 Infovista
9.770 InHand Networks
9.771 Inmanta
9.772 Inmarsat
9.773 Innertron
9.774 InnoGence Technology (TROY Information)
9.775 InnoLight Technology
9.776 Innonet
9.777 Innovile
9.778 InnoWireless
9.779 Inrico Technologies
9.780 Inseego Corporation
9.781 Inspur
9.782 Insta Group
9.783 Instant Connect
9.784 INSYS icom (INSYS Microelectronics)
9.785 Intec E&C
9.786 Intel Corporation
9.787 Intelbras
9.788 Intelliport Solutions
9.789 Intelsat
9.790 Intenna Systems
9.791 InterDigital
9.792 INTERLEV
9.793 Interop Technologies
9.794 InterTalk Critical Information Systems
9.795 Intracom Telecom
9.796 Intrado Corporation
9.797 Intrepid Networks
9.798 Inventec Corporation
9.799 INWIT (Infrastrutture Wireless Italiane)
9.800 IoT4Net
9.801 IoTAS (IoT & Approval Solutions)
9.802 IP Infusion (ACCESS CO.)
9.803 IPAGEON
9.804 IPITEK (Integrated Photonics Technology)
9.805 IPLOOK Technologies
9.806 iPosi
9.807 Iradio Electronics
9.808 Iridium Communications
9.809 ISCO International
9.810 IS-Wireless
9.811 Italtel
9.812 ITCEN
9.813 ITRI (Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan)
9.814 Itron
9.815 IWT (Innovative Wireless Technologies)
9.816 Jabil
9.817 JACS Solutions
9.818 JATONTEC (Jaton Technology)
9.819 JCI (Japan Communications Inc.)
9.820 JET Connectivity
9.821 Jezetek (Sichuan Jiuzhou Electric Group)
9.822 Jiaxun Feihong (Beijing Jiaxun Feihong Electrical)
9.823 Jinan USR IoT Technology (Mokuai/Wenheng)
9.824 JIT (JI Technology)
9.825 JMA Wireless
9.826 Johnson Controls
9.827 JOUAV
9.828 JPC Connectivity
9.829 JPS Interoperability Solutions
9.830 JQL Technologies
9.831 JRC (Japan Radio Company)
9.832 JSC Ingenium
9.833 JT IoT
9.834 Juniper Networks
9.835 Junkosha
9.836 Juvare
9.837 JVCKENWOOD Corporation
9.838 Kacific Broadband Satellites
9.839 Kaelus
9.840 Kaifa (Shenzen Kaifa Technology)
9.841 Kajeet
9.842 Kalmar (Cargotec)
9.843 Kaloom
9.844 Kalray
9.845 Katela Networks
9.846 KBR
9.847 KBT (Kenbotong Technology)
9.848 KDDI Corporation
9.849 Key Bridge Wireless
9.850 Keysight Technologies
9.851 Kiana Analytics
9.852 Kigen
9.853 Kindroid – Shanghai Jinzhuo Technology (Kyland Technology)
9.854 Kirisun Communications
9.855 Kisan Telecom
9.856 KLA Laboratories
9.857 Klas Telecom
9.858 Klein Electronics
9.859 Kleos
9.860 KMW
9.861 Knightscope
9.862 Komatsu
9.863 Konecranes
9.864 Kontron
9.865 KORE Wireless
9.866 KPN
9.867 KT Corporation
9.868 Kudelski Group
9.869 KUKA
9.870 Kumu Networks
9.871 K-Won/Hunter Technology
9.872 Kyland Technology
9.873 Kymeta Corporation
9.874 Kyndryl
9.875 Kyocera Corporation
9.876 Kyrio (CableLabs)
9.877 KZ TECH (KZ Broadband Technologies)
9.878 L3Harris Technologies
9.879 Laird Connectivity
9.880 Landis+Gyr
9.881 Landmark Dividend (DigitalBridge Group)
9.882 Lanner Electronics
9.883 Lantronix
9.884 Lattice Semiconductor
9.885 LCR Embedded Systems
9.886 Leenos Corporation
9.887 Leidos
9.888 Lekha Wireless Solutions
9.889 Lemko Corporation
9.890 Lenovo
9.891 Leonardo
9.892 Lextrum (COMSovereign)
9.893 LG Corporation
9.894 LG Uplus
9.895 Lierda Science & Technology Group
9.896 Lifecycle Software
9.897 Ligado Networks
9.898 Lightron
9.899 Lime Microsystems
9.900 Lindsay Broadband
9.901 Linkem
9.902 Linksys
9.903 Linx Technologies
9.904 LIONS Technology
9.905 Lisheng Fujian Communications
9.906 LITE-ON Technology Corporation
9.907 LitePoint (Teradyne)
9.908 LiveU
9.909 Lociva
9.910 Lockheed Martin Corporation
9.911 Logicalis (Datatec)
9.912 LogicTree IT Solutions
9.913 Longsung Technology (Sunsea AIoT Technology)
9.914 Lookout
9.915 LS Mtron
9.916 LS telcom
9.917 LTTS (L&T Technology Services)
9.918 Luceor
9.919 Lumen Technologies
9.920 Lumentum
9.921 Lumineye
9.922 LuxCarta
9.923 Luxoft (DXC Technology)
9.924 Lyfo
9.925 Lynk Global
9.926 M1
9.927 m3connect
9.928 M4PS (Mobility 4 Public Safety)
9.929 MACOM
9.930 Magnaquest Technologies
9.931 Maipu Communication Technology
9.932 Maja Systems
9.933 MantisNet
9.934 MarchNet
9.935 Marlink
9.936 Marquistech
9.937 Martin UAV
9.938 Marubeni Corporation
9.939 Marubun Corporation
9.940 Marvell Technology
9.941 MÁSMÓVIL
9.942 Mathworks
9.943 Matrix Electrónica/Webdyn (Flexitron Group)
9.944 MATRIXX Software
9.945 MatSing
9.946 Maven Wireless
9.947 Mavenir
9.948 MaxComm
9.949 Maxis
9.950 MaxLinear
9.951 MC Technologies
9.952 MCP (Mission Critical Partners)
9.953 MCS Benelux
9.954 MD (MICRODRIVE)
9.955 Mdex (Wireless Logic Group)
9.956 MEASAT Satellite Systems
9.957 MECSware
9.958 Media Broadcast (freenet Group)
9.959 MediaTek
9.960 Meeami Technologies
9.961 MegaChips Corporation
9.962 MegaFon
9.963 Meglab (Epiroc)
9.964 MeiG Smart Technology
9.965 Meizu
9.966 Mentura Group
9.967 MER Group
9.968 Meta
9.969 Metanoia Communications
9.970 Metaswitch Networks (Microsoft Corporation)
9.971 Metawave Corporation
9.972 Metismake
9.973 MetTel
9.974 MHD (Muhan Digital)
9.975 MIC Nordic
9.976 MICAS-RF (MICAS Shenzhen Telecommunication)
9.977 MiCOM Labs
9.978 Micran
9.979 Microamp Solutions
9.980 Microchip Technology
9.981 Microlab (RF Industries)
9.982 MicroNova
9.983 Microsoft Corporation
9.984 Microwave Networks
9.985 MikroTik
9.986 Mikwave (Guangdong Mikwave Communication Tech)
9.987 Milesight
9.988 Milestone Systems
9.989 Miliwave
9.990 MiMOMax
9.991 MIPS
9.992 MiTAC Computing Technology Corporation
9.993 MitraStar Technology (Unizyx Holding Corporation)
9.994 MITRE Corporation
9.995 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation
9.996 MKI (Mitsui Knowledge Industry)
9.997 MOBI (Mobi Antenna Technologies)
9.998 Mobile Mark
9.999 Mobile Tornado
9.1000 Mobile Viewpoint
9.1001 MobileDemand
9.1002 MobileIron
9.1003 MobileTek (Shanghai Mobiletek Communication)
9.1004 Mobileum
9.1005 Mobilicom
9.1006 Mobilitie (BAI Communications)
9.1007 Mobiveil
9.1008 Modular Mining Systems (Komatsu)
9.1009 Molex
9.1010 Monogoto
9.1011 Morningcore Technology (CICT – China Information and Communication Technology Group)
9.1012 Morningstar Corporation
9.1013 Moseley Associates (Axxcss Wireless Solutions)
9.1014 MosoLabs (Sercomm Corporation)
9.1015 Motive Infrastructure Solutions
9.1016 Motorola Mobility (Lenovo)
9.1017 Motorola Solutions
9.1018 Mott MacDonald
9.1019 Movandi
9.1020 Moxa
9.1021 MP Antenna
9.1022 MRK Media
9.1023 MRT Technology (Suzhou)
9.1024 MSB (M S Benbow & Associates)
9.1025 MST Global – Mine Site Technologies (Komatsu)
9.1026 MTI (Microelectronics Technology Inc.)
9.1027 MTI Wireless Edge
9.1028 MTN Group
9.1029 MTS (Mobile TeleSystems)
9.1030 MUGLER
9.1031 MultiTech (Multi-Tech Systems)
9.1032 Murata Manufacturing
9.1033 Mushroom Networks
9.1034 Mutualink
9.1035 MVI Group
9.1036 MYCOM OSI
9.1037 Mynaric
9.1038 MYT Electronics
9.1039 N.A.T.
9.1040 Nable Communications
9.1041 NanoSemi (MaxLinear)
9.1042 Napatech
9.1043 Nash Technologies
9.1044 Nearby Computing
9.1045 NEC Corporation
9.1046 Nemergent Solutions
9.1047 Nemko
9.1048 Neolink Communications Technology
9.1049 NeoPlane
9.1050 Neoway Technology
9.1051 Neptune Communications
9.1052 Neragon Networks
9.1053 Net AI
9.1054 Netaş
9.1055 NETBEE (NET-Automation)
9.1056 NetCity (GEOS Telecom/GEOS Holding)
9.1057 Netcracker Technology (NEC Corporation)
9.1058 NetFoundry
9.1059 Netgear
9.1060 NetModule (Belden)
9.1061 Netmore Group
9.1062 NETSCOUT Systems
9.1063 Netsia (Argela)
9.1064 Netvision Telecom
9.1065 Neutral Wireless
9.1066 Neutroon Technologies
9.1067 New H3C Technologies (Tsinghua Unigroup)
9.1068 New Postcom Equipment
9.1069 NewEdge Signal Solutions
9.1070 NEXCOM International
9.1071 Nexign
9.1072 Nexpring
9.1073 Nextivity
9.1074 NextNav
9.1075 NextWave
9.1076 Nextworks
9.1077 ng4T
9.1078 NGK Group (NGK Insulators)
9.1079 ng-voice
9.1080 NI (National Instruments)
9.1081 NICE
9.1082 NimbeLink
9.1083 Niral Networks
9.1084 Nitto Denko Corporation
9.1085 NKG (New Kinpo Group)
9.1086 Node-H
9.1087 Nokia
9.1088 Nomad Digital (Alstom)
9.1089 Nordic Semiconductor
9.1090 Northrop Grumman Corporation
9.1091 NOTION Information Technology
9.1092 Nova Labs (Helium)
9.1093 NOVEC
9.1094 NOVELSAT
9.1095 NRB (Network Research Belgium)
9.1096 NS Solutions Corporation
9.1097 Nsight
9.1098 NT (National Telecom)
9.1099 NTMore (Network Technology More)
9.1100 NTT DoCoMo
9.1101 NTT Group
9.1102 Nubia Technology (ZTE)
9.1103 NuRAN Wireless
9.1104 Nurlink Technology
9.1105 NVIDIA Corporation
9.1106 NXP Semiconductors
9.1107 Oasis Smart SIM
9.1108 Ocado Technology
9.1109 Oceus Networks
9.1110 Octasic
9.1111 O-Cubes
9.1112 ODN (Orbital Data Network)
9.1113 OE Solutions
9.1114 OFS Fitel (Furukawa Electric)
9.1115 OKI Electric Industry
9.1116 Omnispace
9.1117 Omnitele
9.1118 Omnitron Systems
9.1119 Omnitronics
9.1120 One2many (Everbridge)
9.1121 OneLayer
9.1122 OnePlus (BBK Electronics)
9.1123 OneSimCard
9.1124 OneWeb
9.1125 Onomondo
9.1126 Ontix
9.1127 Onwave
9.1128 Ooredoo
9.1129 Opanga Networks
9.1130 Open Valley
9.1131 Opencode Systems
9.1132 Openet (Amdocs)
9.1133 OPPO (BBK Electronics)
9.1134 O'Prueba Technology
9.1135 OPTAGE
9.1136 OptConnect
9.1137 Optical Zonu Corporation
9.1138 Opticoms
9.1139 Option
9.1140 Optiva
9.1141 OQ Technology
9.1142 Oracle Communications
9.1143 Orange
9.1144 ORBCOMM
9.1145 Ori Industries
9.1146 Orion Labs
9.1147 Oscilloquartz (Adtran)
9.1148 OV (Manx Telecom)
9.1149 OVHcloud
9.1150 P.I. Works
9.1151 PacStar (Pacific Star Communications)
9.1152 Padtec
9.1153 Palo Alto Networks
9.1154 Panasonic Connect
9.1155 Panda Electronics
9.1156 PanOptis
9.1157 Panorama Antennas
9.1158 Parallel Wireless
9.1159 Parsec Technologies
9.1160 Particle
9.1161 PAStech
9.1162 Patrocinium Systems
9.1163 Patton
9.1164 Pavlov Media
9.1165 PCS Technologies
9.1166 PCTEL
9.1167 PCTEST Lab (PCTEST Engineering Laboratory)
9.1168 Peatalk Corporation
9.1169 Pegatron Corporation
9.1170 Pei Tel Communications
9.1171 Pelion
9.1172 Penguin Solutions (SGH – SMART Global Holdings)
9.1173 Pente Networks
9.1174 Pentonet
9.1175 Peplink (Plover Bay Technologies)
9.1176 Pepperl+Fuchs
9.1177 Pepro
9.1178 Peraso
9.1179 Peraton Labs
9.1180 Percepto
9.1181 Perle Systems
9.1182 PGE Systemy (PGE – Polish Energy Group)
9.1183 Pharrowtech
9.1184 Phirst Technologies/xCraft Enterprises
9.1185 Phluido
9.1186 Phoenix Contact
9.1187 Phytium Technology (Tianjin Phytium Information Technology)
9.1188 PHYTunes
9.1189 Picocom
9.1190 Pierson Wireless
9.1191 Pivot Technology Services
9.1192 Pivotal Commware
9.1193 Pivotel Group
9.1194 Pivotone
9.1195 Pixavi (BARTEC)
9.1196 PK Solutions
9.1197 Platform9
9.1198 Pletronics
9.1199 Plextek
9.1200 Plintron
9.1201 Plus (Polkomtel)
9.1202 POCSTARS
9.1203 Pod Group (G+D – Giesecke+Devrient)
9.1204 Polaris Networks (Motorola Solutions)
9.1205 Polaris Wireless
9.1206 Pollen Mobile
9.1207 Positron Access Solutions
9.1208 Potevio (CETC – China Electronics Technology Group Corporation)
9.1209 PPC (Power Plus Communications)
9.1210 PPC Broadband (Belden)
9.1211 Precision OT (Optical Transceivers)
9.1212 PRESCOM
9.1213 PrioCom
9.1214 Proef
9.1215 Proptivity
9.1216 Proscend Communications
9.1217 PROSE Technologies (Rosenberger)
9.1218 PROTEI
9.1219 Proxim Wireless Corporation (SRA Holdings)
9.1220 Proximus
9.1221 Pryme Radio Products
9.1222 pSemi Corporation (Murata Manufacturing)
9.1223 PT INTI (PT Industri Telekomunikasi Indonesia)
9.1224 PT LEN Industri
9.1225 PTC
9.1226 PTI (Persistent Telecom Inc.)
9.1227 Publicis Sapient
9.1228 Puloli
9.1229 Pulsara
9.1230 Pulse Electronics (YAGEO Corporation)
9.1231 Pycom
9.1232 PySENSE
9.1233 QCT (Quanta Cloud Technology)
9.1234 Qinetiq
9.1235 Qorvo
9.1236 QuadGen Wireless Solutions
9.1237 Qualcomm
9.1238 Quanta Computer
9.1239 Quantum Wireless
9.1240 Qucell Networks (InnoWireless)
9.1241 Quectel Wireless Solutions
9.1242 Quintel (Cirtek Holdings Philippines Corporation)
9.1243 Qulsar
9.1244 Quortus (CradlePoint)
9.1245 Qwake Technologies
9.1246 Qwilt
9.1247 R Systems (Computaris International)
9.1248 R3 Solutions
9.1249 RACOM (Czech Republic)
9.1250 RACOM Corporation
9.1251 RAD
9.1252 RADCOM
9.1253 Radiall
9.1254 Radio Gigabit
9.1255 Radio IP Software
9.1256 RadioMobile
9.1257 Radisys (Reliance Industries)
9.1258 RADTONICS
9.1259 Radware
9.1260 RADWIN
9.1261 Rafael Advanced Defense Systems
9.1262 Raisecom
9.1263 Rajant Corporation
9.1264 Rakon
9.1265 Rakuten Symphony
9.1266 RAKwireless
9.1267 Range Networks (AMN – Africa Mobile Networks)
9.1268 Ranger Systems
9.1269 Ranplan Wireless
9.1270 Rapid.Space (Nexedi)
9.1271 RapidDeploy
9.1272 RapidSOS
9.1273 Rapidtek Technologies
9.1274 Rave Mobile Safety
9.1275 Raycap
9.1276 Raytheon Technologies Corporation
9.1277 RCS Telecommunications
9.1278 RCT (Remote Control Technologies)
9.1279 Ready Wireless
9.1280 Realme (BBK Electronics)
9.1281 Red Hat (IBM)
9.1282 Red Lion Controls (Spectris)
9.1283 RED Technologies
9.1284 REDCOM Laboratories
9.1285 RedZinc
9.1286 Reliance Jio Infocomm (Jio Platforms)
9.1287 REMEC Broadband Wireless Networks (Bridgewave Communications/SAGE SatCom)
9.1288 Renesas Electronics Corporation
9.1289 REPLY
9.1290 Rescue 42
9.1291 Responder Corp
9.1292 RF Connect
9.1293 RF DSP
9.1294 RF Industries
9.1295 RF MORECOM
9.1296 RF Window
9.1297 RF-Comm
9.1298 RFHIC Corporation
9.1299 RFI Technology Solutions
9.1300 RFS (Radio Frequency Systems)
9.1301 RFTech
9.1302 Ribbon Communications
9.1303 Ricon Mobile
9.1304 RigNet (Viasat Energy Services)
9.1305 RIMEDO Labs
9.1306 Rivada Networks
9.1307 Rivada Space Networks
9.1308 RKTPL (RK Telesystem Private Limited)
9.1309 Robert Bosch
9.1310 Robin.io (Rakuten Symphony)
9.1311 Robustel
9.1312 Rogers Communications
9.1313 Rogers Corporation
9.1314 Rohde & Schwarz
9.1315 Rohill
9.1316 Rolling Wireless (Fibocom)
9.1317 Rolloos (FMJ Group)
9.1318 Rosenberger
9.1319 Royole Corporation
9.1320 RSCC (Russian Satellite Communications Company)
9.1321 RSConnect
9.1322 RTX A/S
9.1323 RTx Technology
9.1324 RugGear
9.1325 RuggON Corporation
9.1326 Ruijie Networks
9.1327 RunEL
9.1328 Rushmere Technology
9.1329 S&T Iskratel (Kontron)
9.1330 Saab
9.1331 Saankhya Labs (Tejas Networks)
9.1332 SABIC
9.1333 SAC Wireless (Nokia)
9.1334 SAE IT-Systems (LACROIX Group)
9.1335 SAF Tehnika
9.1336 Safe-Com Wireless
9.1337 SafeMobile
9.1338 Safran
9.1339 Sagemcom
9.1340 SageRAN (Guangzhou SageRAN Technology)
9.1341 Saguna Networks (COMSovereign)
9.1342 SAI Technology
9.1343 SAIC (Science Applications International Corporation)
9.1344 Samji Electronics
9.1345 Samsung
9.1346 SAMWON FA
9.1347 Samyoung Celetra
9.1348 Sandvik
9.1349 Sandvine
9.1350 Sanechips Technology (ZTE)
9.1351 Sanjole
9.1352 San-tron
9.1353 Sanxing (Ningbo Sanxing Smart Electric)
9.1354 Sasken Technologies
9.1355 SaskTel
9.1356 Sateliot
9.1357 SatixFy
9.1358 Saviah Technologies
9.1359 Savox Communications
9.1360 SBA Communications
9.1361 Sceye
9.1362 Schneider Electric
9.1363 SEA – Systems Engineering & Assessment (Cohort)
9.1364 Seamless Waves
9.1365 Sectra Communications
9.1366 Secured Communications
9.1367 SecureG
9.1368 Select Spectrum
9.1369 SEMPRE
9.1370 Semtech Corporation
9.1371 Senko Advanced Components
9.1372 Sensorview
9.1373 Senstar Corporation
9.1374 Sensus (Xylem)
9.1375 Sentient Energy (Koch Engineered Solutions)
9.1376 Sentinel Camera Systems
9.1377 Seong Ji Industrial
9.1378 SEONTECH
9.1379 Seowon Intech
9.1380 Sepura
9.1381 Sequans Communications
9.1382 Sercomm Corporation
9.1383 SES
9.1384 SETUP Protokolltester
9.1385 SGS
9.1386 Shannon Wireless (Zhejiang Shannon Communication Technology)
9.1387 Shared Access
9.1388 Sharp Corporation (Foxconn – Hon Hai Technology Group)
9.1389 Shenglu (Guangdong Shenglu Telecommunication)
9.1390 Shenzhen CXD Science & Technology
9.1391 Shenzhen Recoda Technologies
9.1392 SIAE Microelettronica
9.1393 SICK
9.1394 Siemens
9.1395 Sierra Wireless (Semtech Corporation)
9.1396 Sigma Wireless
9.1397 Signal Information & Communication Corporation
9.1398 Signalchip
9.1399 Signalwing
9.1400 Siklu
9.1401 Silicom Connectivity Solutions
9.1402 Silicom SAS (France)
9.1403 SIMCom Wireless Solutions (Sunsea AIoT Technology)
9.1404 Simnovus
9.1405 Simoco Wireless Solutions
9.1406 Sinclair Technologies (Norsat International/Hytera Communications)
9.1407 Singtel
9.1408 Sinnwell (audius)
9.1409 SIRADEL
9.1410 SITA
9.1411 siticom (Logicalis)
9.1412 SiTime Corporation
9.1413 SITRONICS (Sistema)
9.1414 SiTune Corporation
9.1415 Sivers Semiconductors
9.1416 Siyata Mobile
9.1417 SK Telecom
9.1418 SK Telesys
9.1419 Skoltech (Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology)
9.1420 SKY Perfect JSAT
9.1421 SkyFive
9.1422 Skylark Wireless
9.1423 Skylo Technologies
9.1424 Skytic Telecom
9.1425 Skyvera (TelcoDR)
9.1426 Skyworks Solutions
9.1427 SLA Corporation
9.1428 SM Optics (SIAE Microelettronica)
9.1429 Smart Communications (PLDT)
9.1430 Smart Mobile Labs
9.1431 Smartfren
9.1432 SmarTone
9.1433 SmartSky Networks
9.1434 SMAWave (Shanghai SMAWave Technology)
9.1435 Socionext
9.1436 SoftBank Group
9.1437 Softil
9.1438 Soitec
9.1439 Solectek Corporation/Cielo Networks
9.1440 SOLiD
9.1441 Solidtronic
9.1442 Soliton Systems
9.1443 Sonim Technologies
9.1444 Sony Group Corporation
9.1445 Sooktha
9.1446 Soracom
9.1447 Source Photonics
9.1448 Southern Linc
9.1449 Space Data Corporation
9.1450 SpaceBridge
9.1451 Spacecom
9.1452 SpaceX
9.1453 Spark New Zealand
9.1454 Spectra Group
9.1455 SpectraRep
9.1456 Spectre (Rostec)
9.1457 Spectronite
9.1458 Spectronn
9.1459 Spectrum Effect
9.1460 Speedcast
9.1461 Spideradio (Suzhou Spideradio Telecommunication Technology)
9.1462 SPIE Group
9.1463 Spirent Communications
9.1464 SPIRIT DSP
9.1465 SPL (Stratospheric Platforms Limited)
9.1466 Sporton Internati | |||
correct_foundationPlace_00048 | FactBench | 1 | 95 | https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/intec-pharma-enters-into-agreement-with-the-michael-j-fox-foundation-around-its-phase-iii-trial-recruitment-603359696.html | en | Intec Pharma Enters into Agreement with the Michael J. Fox Foundation Around Its Phase III Trial Recruitment | [
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"Intec Pharma Ltd"
] | 2016-11-28T07:30:00-05:00 | /PRNewswire/ -- Intec Pharma Ltd. (Nasdaq: NTEC), a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company focused on developing drugs based on its proprietary Accordion... | en | /content/dam/prnewswire/icons/2019-Q4-PRN-Icon-32-32.png | https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/intec-pharma-enters-into-agreement-with-the-michael-j-fox-foundation-around-its-phase-iii-trial-recruitment-603359696.html | JERUSALEM, November 28, 2016 /PRNewswire/ --
Intec Pharma Ltd. (Nasdaq: NTEC), a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company focused on developing drugs based on its proprietary Accordion Pill™ platform technology, announces it has entered into an agreement with the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research (MJFF) to support patient recruitment and retention support for the Intec Pharma's pivotal Phase III clinical trial of its lead product candidate, the Accordion Pill Carbidopa/Levodopa, or AP-CD/LD, for the treatment of Parkinson's disease symptoms in advanced Parkinson's disease patients, which began enrolling participants in April 2016.
MJFF is the largest non-profit funder of Parkinson's research with a mission to accelerate the development of new therapies and a cure for Parkinson's disease. Previously, the foundation supported Intec Pharma with a $705,000 grant to fund a pre-clinical study of AP-CD/LD.
"We are honored and pleased to collaborate with the foundation on our Phase III trial recruitment activities," said Zeev Weiss, Intec Pharma's Chief Executive Officer. "MJFF is one of the most well-respected research organizations dedicated to the development of improved therapies for Parkinson's patients. The foundation's long-term experience in the field and close connections with the patient community are especially valuable and will further support and enhance the conduct of our Phase III study for the benefit of the entire patient population."
"Additional options to treat the motor symptoms of Parkinson's would have a significant impact on the millions living with this disease," said Catherine Kopil, PhD, MJFF director of research partnerships. "Leveraging our Foundation's tools and best practices to encourage participant enrollment in Intec Pharma's AP-CD/LD study will accelerate testing of this potential therapy."
About Intec Pharma Ltd.
Intec Pharma Ltd. is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company focused on developing drugs based on its proprietary Accordion Pill platform technology. The Company's Accordion Pill is an oral drug delivery system that is designed to improve the efficacy and safety of existing drugs and drugs in development by utilizing an efficient gastric retention and specific release mechanism. The Company's product pipeline currently includes three product candidates in clinical trial stages: Accordion Pill Carbidopa/Levodopa, or AP-CD/LD, which is being developed for the treatment of Parkinson's disease symptoms in advanced Parkinson's disease patients, currently in Phase III, Accordion Pill Zaleplon, or AP-ZP, which is being developed for the treatment of insomnia, including sleep induction and sleep maintenance, and an Accordion Pill that is being developed for the prevention and treatment of gastroduodenal and small bowel ulcers induced by Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. In addition, an Accordion Pill for cannabinoid therapies (AP-CBD/THC) will enter Phase I clinical trial in the first quarter of 2017.
About The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research
As the world's largest non-profit funder of Parkinson's research, the Michael J. Fox Foundation is dedicated to accelerating a cure for Parkinson's disease and improved therapies for those living with the condition today. The Foundation pursues its goals through an aggressively funded, highly targeted research program coupled with active global engagement of scientists, Parkinson's patients, business leaders, clinical trial participants, donors and volunteers. In addition to funding more than $600 million in research to date, the Foundation has fundamentally altered the trajectory of progress toward a cure. Operating at the hub of worldwide Parkinson's research, the Foundation forges groundbreaking collaborations with industry leaders, academic scientists and government research funders; increases the flow of participants into Parkinson's disease clinical trials with its online tool, Fox Trial Finder; promotes Parkinson's awareness through high-profile advocacy, events and outreach; and coordinates the grassroots involvement of thousands of Team Fox members around the world.
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This press release contains forward-looking statements about the Company's expectations, beliefs and intentions. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking words such as "believe", "expect", "intend", "plan", "may", "should", "could", "might", "seek", "target", "will", "project", "forecast", "continue" or "anticipate" or their negatives or variations of these words or other comparable words or by the fact that these statements do not relate strictly to historical matters. These forward-looking statements are based on assumptions and assessments made in light of management's experience and perception of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments and other factors believed to be appropriate. Forward-looking statements in this press release are made as of the date of this press release, and the company undertakes no duty to update or revise any such statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside of the company's control. Important factors that could cause actual results, developments and business decisions to differ materially from forward-looking statements are described in the sections titled "Risk Factors" in the company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and include the following: the company's ability to develop and commercialize its product candidates and obtain additional financing necessary therefor; the length, cost and uncertain results of the company's clinical trials; the potential of adverse side effects or other safety risks that could preclude the approval of the company's drug candidates; the availability of reimbursement from government authorities and health insurance companies for the company's products; the impact of product liability lawsuits; and the influence of extensive and costly government regulation.
Contacts:
Zeev Weiss
Chief Executive Officer
Intec Pharma
+972-(2)586-4657
[email protected]
Anne Marie Fields
Senior Vice President
LHA
+1-212-838-3777
[email protected]
SOURCE Intec Pharma Ltd. | |||||
correct_foundationPlace_00048 | FactBench | 3 | 75 | https://www.allroundautomations.com/products/direct-oracle-access/customers/ | en | Allround Automations | [
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"Allround Automations"
] | 2019-04-19T07:12:20+00:00 | en | https://www.allroundautomations.com/wp/inhoud/uploads/favicon-1.ico | Allround Automations | https://www.allroundautomations.com/products/direct-oracle-access/customers/ | To give you an idea of the organizations that are using Direct Oracle Access to develop their applications, we have placed a selection of our customers on this page. | |||||
correct_foundationPlace_00048 | FactBench | 1 | 83 | https://investor.bankofamerica.com/regulatory-and-other-filings/all-sec-filings/content/0001193125-04-046166/dex991.htm | en | Press Release | [] | [] | [] | [
""
] | null | [] | null | null | Exhibit 99.1
March 22, 2004
Investors may contact:
Kevin Stitt, Bank of America, 704.386.5667
Lee McEntire, Bank of America, 704.388.6780
Media may contact:
Eloise Hale, Bank of America, 704.387.0013
Bank of America announces new Board of Directors
CHARLOTTE Bank of America Corporation today announced the members of its new board of directors, who are charged with leading the company following the completion of its merger with FleetBoston Financial Corporation, scheduled for April 1.
The individuals on our new board represent the highest standards of leadership in America, and bring to our company the experience and skills necessary to oversee a large, complex business enterprise, said Kenneth D. Lewis, chairman, chief executive officer and president of Bank of America. We deliberately chose a diverse group of individuals from around the country, with professional backgrounds in corporate and financial management, academics and public service, to ensure a broad range of skills, experience and perspectives among the leadership that will guide us in the future.
The group we are naming today as the new leaders of our company share a strong commitment to corporate governance and adherence to the values upon which our company is founded, said Charles K. Gifford, chairman and chief executive officer of Fleet. We thank our departing board members for their wisdom, counsel and service to our customers and shareholders. We welcome this new board with our full confidence as we look forward to the bright future of Bank of America.
Under the merger agreement, the new board consists of 12 directors selected by Bank of America and 7 directors selected by Fleet. Gifford will be chairman of the board. Lewis will be chief executive officer of the company.
The directors are:
William Barnet, III, 61
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, Barnet Company, Inc.
Director of Fleet since 1985
John T. Collins, 57
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Collins Group, Inc.
Director of Fleet since 1992
Charles W. Coker, 70
Chairman, Sonoco Products Company
Director of Bank of America since 1969
Gary L. Countryman, 64
Chairman Emeritus, Liberty Mutual Insurance Company
Director of Fleet since 1982
Paul Fulton, 69
Chairman, Bassett Furniture Industries
Director of Bank of America since 1993
Charles K. Gifford, 61
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Fleet
Director of Fleet since 1987
Donald E. Guinn, 71
Chairman Emeritus, Pacific Telesis Group
Director of Bank of America since 1998
James H. Hance, Jr., 59
Vice Chairman and Chief Financial Officer, Bank of America Corporation
Director of Bank of America since 1999
Kenneth D. Lewis, 56
Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President, Bank of America Corporation
Director of Bank of America since 1999
Walter E. Massey, 65
President, Morehouse College
Director of Bank of America since 1998
Thomas J. May, 56
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, NSTAR
Director of Fleet since 1994
C. Steven McMillan, 58
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, Sara Lee Corporation
Director of Bank of America since 2001
Eugene M. McQuade, 55
President and Chief Operating Officer, Fleet
Director of Fleet since 2003
Patricia E. Mitchell, 61
President and Chief Executive Officer, Public Broadcasting Service
Director of Bank of America since 2001
Edward L. Romero, 70
Former Ambassador to Spain
Director of Bank of America since 2003
Thomas M. Ryan, 51
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, CVS Corporation
Director of Fleet since 1997
O. Temple Sloan, Jr., 65
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, General Parts, Inc.
Director of Bank of America since 1996
Meredith R. Spangler, 66
Chairman of the Board, C.D. Spangler Foundation and a Director,
C.D. Spangler Construction Company
Director of Bank of America since 1988
Jackie M. Ward, 65
Outside Managing Director, Intec Telecom Systems PLC
Director of Bank of America since 1994
Bank of America is one of the worlds largest financial institutions, serving individual consumers, small businesses and large corporations and institutions with a diverse range of banking, investing, asset management and other financial and risk management products and services. The company provides unmatched convenience for consumers in the United States, serving 1 in 3 American households. Bank of America Corporation stock (ticker: BAC) is listed on the New York Stock Exchange.
www.bankofamerica.com | ||||||||
correct_foundationPlace_00048 | FactBench | 2 | 39 | https://m.yelp.com/search%3Ffind_desc%3DThings%2Bto%2BDo%26find_near%3Dintec-telecom-systems-atlanta-2 | en | Yelp Captcha | [] | [
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correct_foundationPlace_00048 | FactBench | 3 | 59 | https://www.zonebourse.com/insider/MARK-ASHLEY-BURCHFIELD-A0FIS2/reseau/ | en | 200 OK | [] | [] | [] | [
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correct_foundationPlace_00048 | FactBench | 1 | 17 | https://citywire.com/funds-insider/news/intec-telecom-strong-and-acquiring/a215624%3FlinkSource%3Darticle-related-news | en | [] | [] | [] | [
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correct_foundationPlace_00048 | FactBench | 2 | 42 | https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/the-case-for-compaq-mediation-technology-hp/8362890 | en | The Case For Compaq Mediation Technology Hp | [
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] | null | [] | 2011-06-20T06:30:36+00:00 | The Case For Compaq Mediation Technology Hp - Download as a PDF or view online for free | en | https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/favicon.7bc3d920.ico | SlideShare | https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/the-case-for-compaq-mediation-technology-hp/8362890 | 1. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Executive Summary 2. The Telecom environment is changing. 3. Tomorrow’s Telecom Challenges 4. Mediation Meets Those Challenges 5. How Telecom Companies Will Benefit • Network Management Functions • Marketing Functions • Sales Functions • Customer Services Functions • Financial Management Functions • Legal and Regulatory Functions 6. Compaq – Your Total Solution Provider • Mediation Partners • Storage Area Networks • ZLE 7. Customer Success Stories • Verizon and TU-KA Cellular Tokyo • Intec and ITXC • KPN Mobile • Comptel Benchmarking Study Mediation 1 Compaq Telecom
2. 8. References Mediation 2 Compaq Telecom
3. MEDIATION – MANY PATHS TO INCREASED REVENUE Executive Summary The evolution from 2g to 3G means more data. Carriers will want to save, organize, and use that data for business advantage, and they can. However, on their way to capitalizing on the 3G opportunity, they will face challenges. • An increase in the volume of data so vast that it threatens to overwhelm them. • Demand for value-added services that virtually require new billing systems. • Portfolios differentiated only by the carrier’s SLAs and QoS standards. • An unquenchable need for speed. • The challenge of integrating data coming in from multiple vendors and platforms bound for constantly evolving downstream applications. Compaq’s mediation solutions enable our customers to generate revenues from their networks amounting to tens of billions of dollars every year, and we help them do it quickly, accurately, reliably, and cost-effectively. Our business success is based on providing our customers with operational support systems (OSS) that help make business activities more profitable and more manageable. Mediation 3 Compaq Telecom
4. THE TELECOM ENVIRONMENT IS CHANGING It is early in the new millennium, but already the telecommunications industry finds itself confronted by a sea change. Voice and IP data are converging, and with that convergence comes a more complicated and demanding telecom environment. Until recently that environment was safely 2G, meaning that it focused largely on transporting voice traffic over existing wired and wireless networks. Back office systems needed only to record data and bill for voice events. However, 2.5G and 3G are coming and with them the mandate to transport value- added content over those same networks. Consumers, after all, are going mobile. From CDMA to GPRS systems, they are already beginning to download all kinds of information onto their mobile appliances – weather and traffic reports, email, driving directions, and more. From PSTN products via SMS to mobile commerce, IP services are increasing, and the data is flowing. Obviously, 3G brings with it a mountain of data. Some reports indicate as much as ten times the amount of data currently in the system. As a carrier, you will want to save, organize, and ultimately use that data to create business advantage, and there are many business advantages to be had. The wireless IP billing market alone is expected to leap from $94.6 million in 2001 to $855.7 million in 2005. However, between where now and then lie some challenges. Sidebar: GPRS (General Packet Radio Services) is the enabling technology that bridges between the current GSM– based (Global System Mobile) mobile networks and the next generation UMTS–based (Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service) mobile networks. With data transmission rates of 115 kbps, GPRS is optimized for ‘bursty’ datacom services such as mobile Internet access, multimedia, and instant messaging. Mediation 4 Compaq Telecom
5. TOMORROW’S TELECOM CHALLENGES Dramatic Increase in Data Volume How will you avoid information overload? Carriers want to make sense out of the information they have – and soon they will have much more of it. In fact, carriers may have an information overload and maintenance problem. Increasing use of mobile technology has already increased the volume of CDRs. The launch of new 3G services with its IP component will multiply the volume of EDRs. And it isn’t just the volume. Data will arrive from more and varied sources. Ultimately, carriers must decide what gets stored and for how long. After all, they are responsible for making sure that they can handle their business. Clearly, they will need new, more flexible, ways to capture, store and transport data. Usage Based Billing for Value Added Services How will you use the new data to develop revenue? How will carriers charge for a value-add service? What is it worth to check on the weather or download a Webpage? These are billable events, but they will be billed very differently from the standard voice call. Billing for content requires a transition from flat rate to usage-based billing. In order to make that transition, you must be able to see individual account records at a higher level of granularity. Even with flat-rate billing, carriers still need some of the ‘who, what, when, where and why’ information that is in the transaction record to understand how customers are doing business. To provide true CRM (Customer Relationship Management), they will need to see into the calling pattern, history and habits. Only then can they determine service levels, pricing strategies and solutions. Service Level Agreements/Quality of Service How will you meet customer’s standards for excellence? Service levels and service at a specified price will be a major concern of the end-user. If specific service levels are not met, carriers will be forced to issue QoS (Quality of Service) credits/discounts, based on SLA’s (Service Level Agreements). Resolving the inevitable disputes will require access to granular detail data, such as that provided by EDRs. Mediation 5 Compaq Telecom
6. The Need for Speed How fast can you actually use the customer information you have? Data has traditionally been batched and processed within a 30-day window. For carriers, that delay between a customer phone call and billing for that call is fertile ground for fraud. However, if a company operates in real time, the fraud window narrows. Further, customer service agents need immediate access to customer information to solve problems, address complaints as soon as they happen and make adjustments. And what about cash flow? As we have said, the payment channel can be 60 days long, resulting in cash flow problems. Carriers will want to offer their customers the ability to use real-time data with their customers also. Retailers (especially electronic retailers) need to integrate all customer touch points in real time, including instore, web and catalog tracking to keep their inventory up-to-date. Carriers also need real-time insight into the operational and traffic statistics of a customer’s network. By so doing, they can dynamically allocate bandwidth and assign QoS on a per-application basis Integration Issues with Legacy Systems How do you pull al this together for seamless service? The merging of new applications and system elements with existing network architecture will create integration issues on several fronts. • Data records entering tomorrow’s network from many trading partners will arrive in many different formats. As yet, there is no standard for EDRs. Therefore, the trick is to capture that information from the network or network element in a format that’s usable. • Advances in Internet technology will create other integration issues as IPv6 (Internet Version 6) is launched, especially while standards are evolving. • Carriers will need to integrate legacy billing solutions and evolving networks. What tools and services can carriers use to save them from information overload, provide the level of detail needed for billing and customer service and provide the needed integration? MEDIATION MEETS THE CHALLENGE Mediation 6 Compaq Telecom
7. The word ‘mediation’ comes from the Latin and means ‘to be in the middle’, from the Latin word medius. Mediation systems sit between the network infrastructure and downstream applications. Traditionally, their role has been to handle one type of data, entering the system from one source and bound for one downstream path to a billing application. Increasingly, however, they must capture information from several network elements (switches, the Internet, etc.) and then store, review, sort, abstract and send it on to several downstream applications. The more reliable this information is, the better carriers can utilize it to boost competitiveness and revenue assurance. Carriers need a mechanism by which they can integrate all their interactions with diverse sources seamlessly. The typical way of meeting this business need is by customer developing a centralized and redundant repository of all the available resources. However, this is a manual, rigid approach that is both expensive and results in loss of scalability as the number of services grows over time. A better solution is mediation technology. Independent mediation has been in use since the early 1980s. But the 3G challenge requires a new generation of data mediation systems with new capability to meet new challenges. Today’s mediation systems lack the functionality to handle even today’s modest requirements; they certainly can’t handle tomorrow’s. Next Generation Mediation is Different Sidebar: Best in class mediation products will include not only next generation mediation functionality, but also SAN storage with ZLE technology for speed. [Editors note to printer: insert this sidebar here.] Carriers need a new generation of mediation systems. Legacy systems and next generation systems differ in three significant ways: • Current systems are based on frame relay, switched or cable telephone networks. They forward data from CDRs (call detail records) to, mostly, billing applications. Next generation systems also process packet-based IP data or EDRs (event data records). • Current mediation systems were designed using a 1-to-1 pipeline configuration. That is, there was one data source (usually a cable or switch) leading to one back-office application (usually billing). Next generation systems must collate information from multiple systems (routers, web servers, authentication servers) and vendors, generate EDRs for every session and export all relevant information to multiple downstream applications (billing, CRM) for value added services such as CRM, QoS, SLAs. Mediation 7 Compaq Telecom
8. • The new system must also offer real-time processing for value added services such as CRM, billing-on- demand and fraud protection. Mediation 8 Compaq Telecom
9. The SANs Storage Advantage for Mediation SANs (Storage Area Networks) are the key to unrestricted data access and thus efficient use of data. Conventional data storage can scatter business information over several servers or attached external disks. That makes it hard to access. On the other hand, SANs offer unrestricted data access as they create one data pool and simultaneously share that data pool across all servers and systems. Add ‘any-to-any’ connectivity between servers and storage, and companies can now organize and manage data as an independent resource. SANs are faster and easier to scale than conventional storage, with no downtime. Given the uncertainty of 3G, carriers will surely need to adjust mediation formats and rules as things evolve. Furthermore, imagine the sudden popularity of a new service and the influx of new customers. With traditional storage, scaling to handle this happy event could create a performance bottleneck. A carrier could decide to hold back future new offerings because the mediation system can’t handle it. That could mean losing competitive advantage. But with a modular design SAN, part of the initial design choice is the planning for new configurations. So, an increase in business won’t disrupt the business. Businesses are always looking to lower costs and achieve better service levels at the same time. In the past, these two goals often conflicted. However, these advancements in storage technology, along with dramatic declines in storage pricing now make this a win-win reality. The value that SANs hold for mediation systems cannot be overstated. What is a SAN? Traditional Server Storage Storage Area Network (SAN) • Internal drives or directly attached external disks • Centralized data pool shared across any to store data number of servers and systems • Business critical information is often scattered • Business critical information stored in one over a large number of servers common pool for easy management and higher availability • Limits an organization’s flexibility to access their • Provides access across entire operation via information ‘any-to-any” connectivity between servers and storage Mediation 9 Compaq Telecom
10. The Zero Latency Enterprise (ZLE) Advantage for Mediation ZLE provides a real-time architecture for collecting, synchronizing, routing and caching information drawn from a full range of telecommunications operational systems. Consolidated information is instantly delivered to where it can do the most good. Consequently, every transaction is instantly visible across the enterprise and can be acted on immediately. Customer service agents, for example, have a single, unified view of the customer that enables them to enhance the customer experience with assistance and attractive offers that are highly personalized. As hyper-competitive markets such as telecommunications increase the speed of business, they need to also accelerate the internal flow of information. That makes zero latency a business imperative. By integrating all data and applications throughout the enterprise, the ZLE framework offers several compelling advantages for telecommunications companies. • Ensures that all applications are using the same current data, leading to improved customer service • Puts data to work instantly in a real-time environment from which valuable business information can be derived with sub-second latency for rapid response and operational agility. • Enables telcos to move quickly to deploy new high-volume, real-time enabled applications that are insulated (for scalability and reliability) from existing applications by the central architecture. What is a zero latency enterprise? A zero latency enterprise describes an organization that deploys data throughout the organization almost immediately after it is created in any area of the enterprise. In a zero latency enterprise environment, formerly costly and time-consuming manual processes are executed by IT systems in near real-time. Data processing is transformed from an operational necessity into a strategic asset that yields faster response time, better service, and greater business intelligence. Mediation 10 Compaq Telecom
11. The Gartner Group coined term ‘zle’, meaning ‘zero latency enterprise’‘ or no delay’. Carriers need “no delay” between creating data and being able to use it. Compaq has adopted ZLE as the brand name for its zero latency products. ZLE is now considered such a strategic imperative that eleven of the world’s largest service providers recently participated in a study conducted by the Gartner Group. The results? The companies studied said that a real-time CRM program would significantly improve the customer experience and reduce customer turnover from 5-15%. For these companies, that improvement alone would yield an increase in profitability of up to 15%. By introducing a zle-based billing on demand solution, companies believe they can effectively increase revenue by 2-3%/year. With instant access to credit and account information, they can reduce fraud by more than 50%. By linking separate systems into a single system, companies can reduce information processing costs by 5% to 35%. TELECOM COMPANIES WILL BENEFIT Telecom companies will reap the benefits of mediation solutions across the board as new systems serve all major organizational functions, both front and back-office. For revenues to rise, billing must be done right. But IP data will contain more than billing information. Even with flat-rate billing only, carriers still need some of the who's, what's, when's, where's, and whys information that is in the transaction record to continue to understand how customers are doing business. Next Generation mediation systems will need to transform raw data collected from the network layers into a service-level profile of each end-user in order to determine service levels, pricing strategies and solutions. Next generation mediation systems also have additional useful functionality for a number of other front and back-end systems such as OSS. Mediation 11 Compaq Telecom
12. For a description of the benefit to be derived from each function, see the sections following. They discuss how each function will benefit - network management, marketing, sales, customer services, finance, legal and regulatory. Mediation 12 Compaq Telecom
13. THE NETWORK MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT WILL BENEFIT A serious beneficiary of real time data, this entire department’s effectiveness and ability to adapt to specific conditions could evolve from a reactive approach to a proactive approach on faults, service restoration and general network monitoring. From the network perspective, mediation works from two directions – provisioning subscribers and activating services for them and then collecting usage information from the network. Service Assurance/Quality of Service SLAs are guarantees of service quality and related support. They usually have financial penalty clauses that keep the carrier focused on delivering the agreed contractual service, within the prescribed time constraints. To comply, carriers must rely on accurately assessing the impact of network events. Large-scale failures of networks can have a dramatic effect on certain time-sensitive and telephony-reliant businesses such as commodity trading or real-time market data companies. Using real-time data correctly ensures accurate load balancing between the network access points and reduction of inbound/outbound line blocking. Using historic data, carriers can now pro-actively plan for capacity on certain switches before it becomes an issue for customers. By determining requirements, carriers can anticipate the effect of large congregations of customers “blitzing” a mobile network and adjust the network to suit the traffic profiles as they happen. Picture the following scenario. A user initiates a video conference call under a QoS agreement. Dissatisfied with a noisy connection, they terminate the call and contact customer service. In order to address the problem, customer service must be able to verify the poor connection. Using data supplied in real-time by the mediation system, the CSR finds the detail she needs to compensate this customer. Meanwhile, the mediation system continues to reformat the same data for later export to a billing system or trading partner. Mediation 13 Compaq Telecom
14. Planning & Analysis for Network Capacity The mediation layer resolves technical incompatibility issues and makes it easier for carriers to commercially launch new services by providing one management interface in a multi-vendor network, instant service provisioning, and modularity that ensures constant operability, even during upgrades. Mediation centralizes all network data onto a single platform and makes it available to users and other applications across the entire Carrier enterprise. The data can be used to identify bottlenecks and over-utilization of the network. “The winners in the world of mobile-Internet will be those who can manage new networks, not just build them.” ICD Mediation 14 Compaq Telecom
15. THE MARKETING DEPARTMENT WILL BENEFIT Reduce Churn Customer churn is a common, complex and difficult to solve problem. However, marketing departments can use next generation mediation systems to reduce churn in three important ways: • Provide customer service agents access to network quality information. • Identify behavior that generally leads to defections. • Rapidly identify customers who are about to defect and initiate win-back programs within 48 hours. Historical data on lost customers often holds the key to predicting churn. It is possible to apply propensity models that establish patterns and relationships in customer behavior that clearly predict customer churn. For instance, specific events like changes in call patterns and decreases in volume are often good indicators of potential churn. Spotting this change in behavior before the customer contracts with another supplier is vital, as it is then possible to take proactive, preventative action. To acquire a new customer costs 7-10 times more than retaining an existing one. Yankee Fine Tune Marketing Campaigns In-flight In-flight campaign tuning means monitoring changes in behavior during a campaign so that you can refine the marketing campaign while it is still running. The marketer of the near future will monitor campaign response as it comes into the call center or the Website and refine the messages and target audience as required. The days of Mediation 15 Compaq Telecom
16. waiting for several weeks or months for response figures will simply cease to exist. The direct marketer may perform almost like a Wall Street trader – getting real time data from terminals, applying propensity-modeling techniques to the data and acting immediately on the output. Launch and Monitor Products Continuously reviewing and monitoring product usage and sales performance allows product managers to enhance or withdraw products at the optimum time and provides the ability to analyze the impact of bundling and pricing changes. Mediation 16 Compaq Telecom
17. THE SALES DEPARTMENT WILL BENEFIT Actively implementing the marketing vision, the sales department is often closest to the customer. By capturing customer information and combining it with real time customer behavior, mediation provides a new level of business intelligence. Ensure That All Revenue is Counted– never lose an EDR Revenue assurance in this context means 100% accreditation for every dollar that customers spend. It is essential that sales directors ensure that all sales are accounted for. Mismanagement of sales-related information is viewed as a key failing in this role. Most problems are caused by disparate switching and information platforms, volumes of data, and the inherent delays caused by poor integration. Different switch platforms create an issue in standardizing data and inevitably some information is lost in the translation. Integrated mediation solves the disparate platform and volume issues immediately. It also soles the problem of poor integration by ensuring that the links to downstream applications are robust and complete. Cross-sell and Up-sell Data analysis and profiling allows sales departments to proactively move customers into services that best match their usage profiles. Image this example: A customer tries repeatedly to call home on a mobile telephone. The number is busy. Three busy calls to the same number triggers a campaign to sell a ring back service. What if we could ensure that our existing customers bought more because usage data was used to trigger up-sell and cross-sell contacts? ? Mediation 17 Compaq Telecom
18. Reduce Route Defection Route defection in corporate sales is the loss of a specific calling profile from a regular, established behavioral pattern. Identifying that a customer is about to defect can be relatively simple, given the right type of data. With a real time feed of call data, when an unexpected fall in traffic is determined the likelihood of defection is high and action must be taken to prevent loss of other routes. Mediation systems can detect the telltale sign of service usage drop before it is too late. US organizations lose half their customers every five years and only one in twelve customers return. THE CUSTOMER SERVICES DEPARTMENT WILL BENEFIT The support of existing customers provides extremely useful information that A customer typically complements direct sales activities. Understanding the customer’s issues as interacts with a company NINE (9) well as the customer himself enables agents to counter many complaints on times for every ONE (1) completed the spot. What was initially a difficult, defensive dialogue could potentially be transaction. turned into a positive cross-selling/up-selling opportunity, where the customer believes that they are receiving an enhanced level of service. 3.1 Bill in Real-time or on Demand This application area is a ‘win-win’ for carrier and customer alike. Both parties are able to bypass the conventional billing cycle by using real time records online. The carrier gets settlement more promptly, thus aiding cash flow, and the customer is able to manage the time of the payment to their convenience. For example, the customer may request that a limit be placed on the level of spend within any given time period. The carrier can measure calls against this threshold in real-time and alert the customer when they are approaching the threshold. Mediation 18 Compaq Telecom
19. Many suppliers of billing systems do not have the ability to link into ALL of the network interfaces in anywhere near real time. Therefore the statement of account that the customer views is potentially out of date or incomplete. Mediation systems using rating and zero latency technology have the flexibility and real-time capability to single source the entire bill-related data. Threshold management is automated. The result is improved cash flow from the impact of more prompt payments. Handle Customer Complaints The ability to provide a real time, single view of the customer is essential to problem solving in the face of customer complaints. For example, consider a user who has subscribed to a high level of QoS but who cannot really get a connection at the subscribed QoS. Dissatisfied with the network connection, he calls the CSR. The CSR looks at the EDR generated for the session and verifies the QoS that the subscriber actually used. If it is inferior, the subscriber gets a discount. A large Carrier uses this approach to route specific calls through to the same agent that a customer has spoken to on previous occasions. This continuity ensures a more effective resolution to any outstanding issues and positions the Carrier well for future dialogues. Mediation 19 Compaq Telecom
20. FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT WILL BENEFIT Measure Customer Profitability Finance is the hub around which all actions revolve. It is becoming clear that not all minutes are of equal value. Thus, you must understand which minutes contribute to profitability. Even large Carrier’s have limited resources, and investment opportunities outstrip your ability to deliver them. Detect Fraud Fraud is a big problem – about US$10 Billion. The problem is rising at 10% - 15% annually. This equates to large fixed line carriers losing 3% - 7% of their total revenue to fraud. Cellular carriers often experience 5% - 15% loss. Now, with a zero-latency solution, you can detect fraud instantly via instant access to credit and account information. Add to that the ability to set parameters in real time and you may be able to reduce fraud by more than 50%. Mediation with ZLE can detect certain types of fraud in real-time e.g. cloning, geography and threshold violations or call collision/overlap. For example, call collision/overlap (the identification of two simultaneous calls from different locations) could be handled with an immediate suspension of service or diverting the call to a customer services center. Geography and threshold violations could also be dealt with more effectively by adding an element of automation to the process. Control Financial Exposure Keeping a tight control on credit limits can be challenging if your finance department does not have direct access to real time data. Striking a balance between draconian and overly accommodating policies is difficult to achieve. Mediation provides an ideal real time, analytical environment for Credit and Risk Management. Each customer can be monitored separately and treated according to specific, pre-agreed metrics. Mediation 20 Compaq Telecom
21. On the surface, pre-paid mobile phones have solved some of these credit issues. The growth of pre-paid telephony has been phenomenal. The UK alone has in excess of 4 Million prepaying telephony customers who were previously unable to obtain credit or wanted to control their spending. Mediation 21 Compaq Telecom
22. THE LEGAL AND REGULATORY FUNCTIONS WILL BENEFIT How much could you gain from getting a product approved and to market one month earlier than expected? Perhaps millions of dollars over a twelve-month period! Regulatory and governmental bodies throughout the world are increasingly involved in the shaping and monitoring of modern Carrier’s. Security agencies are actively seeking assistance with calling patterns relating to crime and fraud. This often requires real time information from a variety of sources in order to establish specific connections and potentially related activities. One large Carrier has such an infrastructure in place and recently used it to crack a drug ring by working closely with the local police force over a period of three months. The level of work involved was minimal. The extra requests for information were simply scheduled and automated accordingly. The drug ring in question generated approximately $50 million dollars per year in illegal revenue. This was terminated in one early morning swoop on several households. Mediation provided the bulk of the required information and intelligence. Security Government agencies and police forces are becoming increasingly demanding of the larger Carrier’s, regularly requesting live information on specific activities. Armed with this real time information, the agencies and security forces are able to provide a speedy reaction to events as and when they actually happen rather than the following day or week when it may simply be too late. Does your Carrier have the right technology to allow this type of analysis and alarm capability without interrupting day to day operations? Mediation 22 Compaq Telecom
23. Regulatory Reporting Organizations like the FCC also require fast responses to specific queries. Industry regulators can be very taxing on a large Carrier when considering the potential market impact of new tariffs/services and the potential impact. The ability to proactively drive the regulatory authorities ensures that the control of certain situations is in the hands of the Carrier and not the Carrier’s competition or the regulator. It puts the pressure back on the competition and drains their resources. How much overhead can be placed on the competition by ensuring that they are constantly reacting to price changes rather than generating their own ideas? Mediation 23 Compaq Telecom
24. THE COMPAQ HISTORY WITH TELECOM The prime movers in the wireless market are carriers. These companies are building the vast public networks that will serve us for years into the future. Increasingly, however, carriers are turning to computer companies to help build these new networks. Why? Because computer companies have the necessary digital technology which is standards-based and therefore flexible, high performing and low cost. It sometimes surprises people to learn that Compaq is not just a PC company. For 25 years it has provided the core technology that drives many of the major wireless services in the world. Over the years, our customers have included: • AT&T • Verizon • Sprint • British Telecom • France Telecom • Deutsche Telecom • China Unicom To those customers, we have provided: • Roaming technology for wireless services to 70 million mobile customers • Fraud management solutions that protect 90 million users • Network management solutions for more than 120 phone companies around the world. • The solutions that power almost all the 800 numbers in the United States. Today, Compaq Telecom has much to offer the carrier with mediation needs: • Over 100 mediation customers worldwide. • An application portfolio including such leaders as Comptel, Intec and Verizon UMS. • A diverse operating systems portfolio including NSK, Tru64, Linux, and Windows NT • A turnkey solution including implementation, consulting, support and training • Systems pre-configured to the customers specifications Mediation 24 Compaq Telecom
25. COMPAQ – YOUR TOTAL SOLUTION PROVIDER Solution Part #1 - Compaq’s Partners Our portfolio partners provide mediation solutions operating on Compaq AlphaServers, NonStop Himalaya and Proliant servers. These fine companies have the distinction of being Platinum Partners based on the strategic importance of their relationship with Compaq. Comptel (HEX:CTL1V). is the global market leader in mediation solutions. Through their local offices and the extensive partner network they have established a truly global presence serving over 200 customers in 56 countries worldwide, including Omnipoint/Vodaphone of Italy with 15 million subscribers. Headquartered in Helsinki, Finland, Comptel is listed on the Helsinki Exchange. Running on Compaq’s Tru64 operating system and the AlphaServer platform, Comptel’s Mediation Device Solutions (MDS) is a leading solution in the field of independent mediation devices. Utilizing an Oracle database structure, this solution is comprised of both billing and mediation functionality and service activation features in great demand among fixed and mobile network operators. For more information, visit www.comptel.com. Intec Telecom Systems (LSE:ITL) provides fundamental revenue assurance technologies such as Inter-mediatE convergent mediation and InterconnecT inter-carrier billing, to the telecommunications industry. Clients include the world's biggest carriers, such France Telecom, and Verizon (for whom they handle 600 million CDRs/day). Their global reach serves 200 customers in over 30 countries. INTEC is a FTSE 250 company. For more information, visit www.intec-telecom-systems.com. Intec’s Inter-mediatE modular solution is a high-volume, convergent solution that collects, processes and distributes data from circuit- and packet-based networks. it utilizes a proprietary database structure reporting through oracle and supports English, Spanish and French languages. Installed at over 85 customer sites across 5 Mediation 25 Compaq Telecom
26. continents, customers include large carriers processing over 7,850 million records/day down to start-ups processing only 10,000 records/day. Packaged with the Compaq AlphaServer and Tru64 operating system, it accepts any record format from any network element and interfaces with any billing solution. For more information on the Compaq AlphaServer, visit our online showroom at http://www.compaq.com/alphaserver/ Mediation 26 Compaq Telecom
27. Verizon Communications (NYSE:VZ) is the largest provider of wireline and wireless communications in the United States, with 132.1 million access line equivalents and 29.4 million wireless customers. A Fortune 10 company with more than $67 billion in annual revenues and 240,000 employees, Verizon's global reach covers more than 40 countries incuding Japan where they process over 300 million CDRs/day for KDDI-Japan. The Usage Management System (UMS) from Verizon Data Services is a high-volume, high-velocity system that automates data collection from the most sophisticated networks. At the heart of UMS are three robust modules: a flexible mediation system, a user-friendly, rules-based development tool, and a complete pre-billing solution. The UMS operates on Compaq’s Himalaya NonStop platform and integrates with any billing solution. For more information on the Nonstop Himalaya Servers visit our online showroom at http://www.compaq.com/showroom. For more information on Verizon, visit them at www.verizon.com. Compaq Mediation Business Advantages Feature Benefit • Fault Tolerance • Permanent availability of business critical information • Common mediation across switching • Lower overall cost and single version of the platform truth • Handles convergent networks – wireline, • Lower overall cost and single pint of reference wireless, and ATM • No pre-set billing cycles • Cash flow, margins and customer service can be improved • Real-time output • Customer and network intelligence is available for those that need it, when they need it. • Mixed workload • Lower overall cost of implementation/ongoing management and Mediation 27 Compaq Telecom
28. better overall performance. • True scalability • Protects initial investment and levels out capital expenditure spikes. Solution Part #2 - Compaq SAN Storage Compaq San storage has been hailed repeatedly as the industry leader in SAN storage solutions. Our special advantages include: • Unlimited capacity and scalable performance through modular RAID Storage units. • Supports up to 100 km in a single long distance segment for a fibre-channel SAN • Support for Internet Protocol (IP) by seamlessly integrating IP connectivity with SAN fiber channel. • Do-it-yourself configuration tools and templates that save setup costs and time. • Downtime-free expansion allowing businesses to add servers or reconfigure applications without interrupting normal daily operations. Compaq Enterprise Storage is the number one global storage solutions supplier. According to studies published in August 2001 by Gartner Dataquest and IDC, customers continue to turn to Compaq in large numbers for the value and reliability of their enterprise storage products. Compaq is one of only two storage vendors in the Leadership Quadrant of Gartner's highly regarded ''SAN Integrator Magic Quadrant'' analysis. Mediation 28 Compaq Telecom
29. "With its new StorageWorks ”Enterprise” products, Compaq remains the leader in the modular system storage market, and is the largest storage vendor and the largest SAN vendor based on capacity shipments". Gartner, Jan 2002 Source: The Magic Quadrant is copyrighted June 2001 by Gartner, Inc. and is reused with permission. Gartner’s permission to print its Magic Quadrant should not be deemed to be an endorsement of any company or product depicted in the quadrant. The Magic Quadrant is Gartner’s opinion and is an analytical representation of a marketplace at and for a specific time period. It measures vendors against Gartner-defined criteria for a marketplace. The positioning of vendors within a Magic Quadrant is based on the complex interplay of many factors. Well- informed vendor selection decisions should rely on more than a Magic Quadrant. Gartner Research is intended to be one of many information sources and the reader should not rely solely on the Magic Quadrant for decision-making. Gartner expressly disclaims all warranties, express or implied of fitness of this research for a particular purpose Mediation 29 Compaq Telecom
30. “For us, the improvements in moving to the Compaq StorageWorks SAN were so obvious that we never looked back; we never gave it a second thought. It was evident from the beginning that we had made the right choice.” Chip Register, senior vice president and CIO, Resource Bancshares Mortgage Group, Inc. In the above diagram of a SAN Configuration, the data stored on the Compaq StorageWorks RAID arrays can be presented to multiple servers and heterogeneous platforms. As more servers and switches are added to a SAN fabric, the resulting configuration, known as a topology, can be optimized for a large variety of needs. This support may include future migration, data locality, accessibility, disaster tolerance, performance workloads, geographic layout and scalability. Compaq’s leadership in SANs is demonstrated in many ways. With Compaq, new technology serves as a business solution, and not just a technical advance. For example, Compaq’s storage arrays use a cutting edge modular design that allows for rapid expansion with NO downtime. Even during periods of exceptional growth, normal business functions are never compromised. For more information on Compaq Telecom storage products and services, visit our website at http://www.compaq.com/services/storage/st_raid.html. For more information on the implementation of storage solutions, see us at this address: http://www.compaq.com/services/storage/st_implementation.html Mediation 30 Compaq Telecom
31. Mediation 31 Compaq Telecom
32. Solution Part #3 - Compaq Zero Latency Enterprise (ZLE) Technology Compaq’s ZLE is an integrated solution combining a zero latency engine – encompassing all of Compaq’s core server platforms – with the software components needed to provide instant access to a single, integrated operational data store. Compaq ZLE technology removes all the barriers to rapid deployment of your business-critical information. Among the obstacles are ‘application islands’ – applications that are poorly integrated into the enterprise or sometimes not integrated at all. These can include packaged, custom or legacy applications or a combination. Because they often require costly and time-consuming manual processes before they can interface with the rest of the organization, they are left isolated, creating bottlenecks that compromise response time and the value of the data. After all, data that you can’t reach when you need it isn’t worth much. Compaq’s ZLE technology removes that barrier by combining ODS (operational data store) with world-class EAI software to create an engine (the Compaq Interaction Manager) that both pushes and pulls data from a central database to create a unique framework for application integration, e-commerce and CRM. Compaq’s ZLE solutions for telecommunications are field proven to work in the most demanding business environments. Compaq teamed with major telecommunications companies to create a realistic scenario so large that it would tax any other system beyond its capacity. But the Compaq solution was able to add 1.2 billion CDRs to a NonStop Himalaya server database every day – and keep them online for 90 days! The scale is unprecedented. The engine itself integrates all of Compaq’s core server platforms, including a 128-processor NonStop Himalaya server, Tru64Unix GS140 AlphaServers, and Windows NT-based ProLiant 7000 OLAP servers, and a cluster of ProLiant 1850 data mining servers. This scenario demonstrates the Compaq advantage: • Unlimited scalability to handle absolutely any size workload. • The NonStop SQL software is the only dtabase that can support concurrent transaction processing and data mining. • ZLE solutions are individually engineered using a life-cycle methodology. • ZLE solutions are built to operate in an open-standards environment, allowing carriers to deploy them on a mix of systems Mediation 32 Compaq Telecom
33. “The zero latency product offers a flexible and cost effective solution for pulling queries from various data sources with minimal investments to reconfigure the environment.” Evelyn Follit, senior vice president and CIO, Tandy Corporation/Radio Shack For more information on our ZLE solution, see us at this address on the Internet: http://telecom.compaq.com/solutions. Solution Part #4 - Compaq Award-winning Integration Services Today, carriers need a total solution provider who can deliver both services and products integrated with all applications and platforms. In the past, the carrier knew that they would have to integrate the solution into their own network system themselves. Today competition in the telecom sector is so fierce that they must concentrate on retaining current customers and searching for new ones. Thus, they need a turnkey solution. To meet specific requirements, carriers may choose from a range of services including: • Data Integration • Data Mining • User Access Integration • Enterprise Application Integration • Hardware and Software Integration • Performance Assurance for your entire solution • Ongoing Project Management • Disaster Tolerance planning • Security Management. For a ZLE solution, Compaq Global Services can help you reduce risk, time, and costs by employing our expertise and the rigorous methodologies of our ZLE Implementation service: Mediation 33 Compaq Telecom
34. Plan Design Implement Manage Support Strategic Implementation Business Exploration Architecture Blueprint Integrated Business consulting and Proof of Concept Deployment IT Operations Critical BPR with Architecture Pilot Performance Management Support Scan Assurance 24 x 7 Business goals IT and business Rapid, Stable availability and direction strategic Proven low-risk operation alignment architecture implementation Figure # : The life cycle of Compaq Global Services for ZLE spans planning, design, implementation, management and support. Compaq Global Services continues to be recognized for excellence by customers, partners, industry organizations, and publications worldwide. Our awards and honors reflect our dedication, technical expertise, professionalism, and commitment to customer satisfaction. For more information, see us at http://www.compaq.com/services/awards/index.html. Mediation 34 Compaq Telecom
35. CUSTOMER SUCCESS STORIES Compaq Telecom products have served thousands of carrier customers worldwide. Here are just a few of their stories. TU-KA Cellular Tokyo/Verizon Rise to the Challenge Verizon customer TU-KA Cellular Tokyo offers service to Japan’s Pacific Belt Zone. They have watched their customer base skyrocket to 1,150 million customers, necessitating an infrastructure that would support the increased call volumes and record call histories, tally charges and adjust rate plans. The existing system processed both rating and billing operations on a single mainframe system that hampered TU-KA’s attempt to get competitive rates plans into the market swiftly and flexibly. They needed a system with the ability to process massive amounts of accurate tasks online at almost real time. After a detailed search of foreign and domestic computer companies, TU-KA Cellular Tokyo elected to support their new rating system – TUBASA – with UMS software from Verizon operating on the Compaq NonStop Himalaya platform. This solution has greatly increased the efficiency of the billing operations by offloading mediation and rating from the mainframe billing system. The CDR is now sent from the switch system directly to UMS mediation which checks enormous volumes of data in order to calculate each customer’s charge based on day of the week, time of day, customer rates plan and other variables. While the new capability is great, the best news is that the mediation system sends the information onto the mainframe billing system within 30 minutes of receipt of the call data. For more information on TU-KA, see their website at http://www.kddi.com/english. Mediation 35 Compaq Telecom
36. ITXC/INTEC Blaze New Trails over the Internet In just four years of operation, ITXC has become the largest US-based dedicated wholesale carrier of international phone calls. The company ranks among the top 20 carriers of any kind in the world based on minutes of international calling. Approximately two out of every 100 international calls worldwide are carried by ITXC on behalf of the retail carriers whose customers make these calls. Proprietary ITXC technology has made it possible to build a carrier-grade call completion network, ITXC.net, with 849 points of presence in 406 cities in 146 countries. For a company to become the largest US-based dedicated wholesaler of international phone calls in just four years, it has to be ready to pounce on opportunities. In March of 1998 ITXC set out to build a carrier-grade call- completion network using the Internet as a backbone and bypass the traditional route of leasing or buying networks in worldwide markets, paying large monthly fees, and taking months to set up its operations. But the company realized that, in order to ensure the highest levels of service, it needed a way to gather and leverage as much real-time network data as possible for a variety of downstream systems. “We were a start-up business not so long ago and the way you get ahead is by jumping on opportunities. And the Intec and Compaq platform has allowed us to do that. We owe a lot of that to the power of mediation.” Lee Cascio, vice president of development, network engineering and development, ITXC Mediation 36 Compaq Telecom
37. ITXC started developing its own mediation solution using a Microsoft SQL Server, however the realization quickly hit home that a fledgling technology would require regular patches, fixes, and updates. couldn’t afford to wait, and decided to evaluate existing mediation solutions. Intec’s Inter-mediatE solution featured multiple approaches to every potential problem, instilling a comfort factor that the system would be able to handle any situation ITXC might throw at it. Today, running on Compaq’s AlphaServer™ ES40 platform, Inter-mediatE, Intec’s module-based, convergent collection and mediation platform, gathers raw network usage data and transforms it into rich, billable business information in formats that can be distributed to ITXC’s operational and business consuming applications. “They’re looking at reports, statistics, alarms—everything is hot off the press,” related Lee Cascio, vice president of development, network engineering and development at ITXC. “The information is 15 minutes old at the most when they receive it on their screens, and it’s all flowing out of the mediation system. They get more than call detail records (CDRs)—they also get SNMP (simple network management protocol) data, and log files.” Using the Internet allows the Company to have a unique cost structure, no net debt and extremely fast speed to market in any new location. The Intec and Compaq solution has enabled ITXC to do just that. For more information on ITXC, see their website at http://www.itxc.com. Mediation 37 Compaq Telecom
38. KPN Mobile/Comptel Stay Abreast of Billing Needs It’s no secret that telecommunications systems are evolving rapidly today. But some billing systems still haven’t gotten the word. KPN Mobile, a Netherlands-based provider of wireless services in Europe, had a provider, a billing system that couldn’t quickly manage new equipment releases in the core network. The company decided to define a standard interface to send a stream of data between the systems, but soon discovered this was more time- consuming than anticipated. In the meantime, KPN wanted to introduce a new wireless service and found that delivering CDRs in uniform format for billing was in the critical path—hardly an optimal situation. Adding new functionalities to its network meant that KPN’s CDR formats were changing. A flexible mediation solution would ensure a uniform billing environment and promote revenue assurance. So, with flexibility and the capability to manage system changes quickly as its key criteria, KPN approached Comptel Corporation about developing a mediation platform that could help reduce time to market for services and beef up its bottom line. “We were extending our core network, making configuration changes and simultaneously collecting information from our MSCs (mobile switching centers) and network events. In order to be flexible enough to grow, we had to introduce mediation.” Peter de Fuijk, Manager, operations/ development for value-added services The resulting solution collects and correlates information from the company’s 26 networked MSCs, its service management system center (SMSC), applications like voice mail, and various value-added systems, and sends it all downstream to a retail and wholesale billing system used for third-party customers and KPN’s roaming subscribers. Mediation 38 Compaq Telecom
39. Based on a Compaq AlphaServer™ six-node cluster, the system delivers the performance and availability needed to manage an average of 25 million CDRs per day with zero revenue leakage while maintaining 600 GB of data. With an excellent support contract from Compaq Service that covers maintenance, release management, and minor changes and adaptations to the system, KPN is confident its mediation system has the company flowing in the right direction. For more information on KPN, see their website at http://www.kpn.com. Mediation 39 Compaq Telecom
40. Compaq/Comptel Benchmark World-Class Performance Compaq and Comptel are long standing partners with over 40 joint customers worldwide. The combination of Comptel applications with Compaq innovative products, services and enabling technology has resulted in integrated solutions delivered globally. in a benchmarking event Comptel’s MDS/AMD product, together with Compaq’s AlphaServer platform produced outstanding test results that approach performance figures previously seen only with high-end super computers and proprietary architectures. This record-breaking performance demonstrates that the Comptel /Compaq solution offers both excellent maximum capacity and the scalability to maintain performance when the numbers of ER’s and subscribers increase. Characterization tests conducted at the Compaq Computer European Technology Centre in Sophia Antipolis, France yielded exceptional results. The objective of the testing was to measure the compatibility and performance of the MDS/AMD application under both ideal and customer-case conditions. MDS/AMD performed mediation tasks including conversions, analysis and delivery of event records produced by ATM and GPRS networks. The tests yielded just the result that both companies were looking for - outstanding MDS/AMD performance, scalability and stability. The powerful Comptel/Compaq combination processed over 100,000 ERs per hour or over 8.6 billion ERs/day. This result proves that MDS/AMD can increase in scale from smaller environments to accommodate the performance requirements of even the largest operators. In addition, the tests, conducted on both the Compaq ES45 and Compaq GS320 AlphaServers prove Comptel’s mediation solutions can grow in a cost-effective way. The ES45 is a high performing option that renders good value for the money, while the GS320 offers maximum performance. For more information on Comptel, see the website at http://www.comptel.com. “The scalability of the Compaq platform enabled us to prove that we are ready for the mobile Internet challenge. This benchmark is an example of the close global co-operation between Compaq and Comptel and enables a smooth and consistent technology migration path with best-of-breed solutions for operators.” Mediation 40 Compaq Telecom
41. Jari Annala, Executive Vice President, Comptel. Mediation 41 Compaq Telecom
42. SUMMARY Mediation 42 Compaq Telecom | ||||
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] | null | [] | null | Infobox Company name = Intec type = Public (lse|ITL.L). Intec is also included on the FTSE techMARK 100 and FTSE4Good indices. foundation = Woking, U.K. (1997) location city = Woking location country = U.K. locations = 30 offices across Australia | en | https://en-academic.com/favicon.ico | Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias | https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/2567236 | Infobox Company
name = Intec
type = Public (lse|ITL.L). Intec is also included on the FTSE techMARK 100 and FTSE4Good indices.
foundation = Woking, U.K. (1997)
location_city = Woking
location_country = U.K.
locations = 30 offices across Australia, North America, Central & Latin America, Europe, Middle East, Africa and Asia
industry = Communications, Broadband Cable, Satellite, Financial Services, Transportation, Government and Infrastructure
products = Interconnect Billing
Wholesale Trading & Routing
Partner Relationship Management
Convergent Charging & Billing
Customer Care
Convergent Mediation
Service Activation
Error Management
revenue = FY 2007: £124.5 million (approx US$250 million)
earnings = EBITDA before exceptional costs FY2007 - IFRS: £14.7m
num_employees = 1,700 staff (FY07)
customers = ~600 installations at 400 individual customers (FY07)
homepage = [http://www.intecbilling.com/Intec/ intecbilling.com]
footnotes =
intl =
Intec Company Overview
Intec provides Operational Support System (OSS) and Business Support System (BSS) software and related services, primarily for the telecommunications industry, but increasingly for customers in other industries including Financial Services, Transportation and the Government sector. Intec focuses on three key process management areas:
1. Interconnect Billing & Wholesale Management
2. Retail Customer Care, Charging & Billing
3. Service Mediation & Activation.
Intec’s products represent a link between a service providers’ network, its customers and its partners.
Intec serves a global customer base, across 85 different countries, through a network of 30 regional offices and support centres. Customers range from large national and international carriers, through content and next generation service providers to internet, media, cable, transportation, and financial services companies.
Intec also provides a range of services to assist their global customer base with the delivery, implementation and support of Intec software.
Intec maintains a distributed approach to support and development, with main R&D facilities in USA, South Africa, Australia and support centres throughout North America, Central & Latin America, Europe, Middle East, Africa and Asia.
Intec History
Intec was founded in the UK in 1997 to sell interconnect billing systems. From this starting point the company has expanded both organically and through acquisition. Intec became a public company in 2000, following its IPO on the London stock exchange. The following year it completed its first acquisition, with the purchase of Computer Generation Inc (CGI). In 2002 Intec further consolidated the interconnect billing market with acquisitions from ICL and Ericsson. In 2003 Intec entered the IP services mediation and charging market with the acquisition of Digiquant (subsequently sold to [http://www.volubill.com/ Volubill] ). The Digiquant acquisition was followed in 2004 with the acquisition of the Singl.eView product line from ADC . In 2007 Intec acquired EUR systems, a USA based provider of bureau services, which has been integrated with Intec’s other managed services and outsourcing facilities.
External links | ||||
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Will OSS Consolidation Benefit Carriers? (cont'd)
Karl Whitelock, Lead OSS Strategist, Agilent Technologies
Agilent has played something of a consolidators role already. Remember that Agilent acquired OSI NetExpert and effectively merged it with products like Firehunter and mature applications developed when Agilents OSS business was still part of HPs Telecom Systems Division. While Mr.Whitelock was unable to comment on whether Agilent has an acquisition strategy, he did suggest that consolidation needs to benefit the industry in several key areas. I think the model needs to be organized around who has a services focused strategy managing network components is not where the sector needs to be anymore, he says. In addition to a focus on managing end to end services, Whitelock bolsters the argument for improved integration. He says, and the other executives interviewed for this story agreed, that architecture is a focus for carriers today and will be a critical part of any consolidators strategy. He cited a common need for improved architectures built on technologies like JMS, and stressed the relationships among integration, business process management and a move toward real-time information enabled by these capabilities.
Robert Curran, Director of Global Marketing, Cramer Systems
Though many observers believe that Cramer Systems is a prime target for acquisition (see sidebar: Acquirer or Acquired?), Mr. Curran insists that Cramer is not for sale, ergo we must be a consolidator ourselves in the grand scheme of things. How Cramer might execute an acquisition strategy remains unclear considering the relative size of the company. However, Cramers philosophy centers around development and not acquisition of cheap technology, says Curran (see Theres Consolidation, and Theres Consolidation). Cramer is generally opposed to component or best-of-breed approaches to OSS solutions, and suggests what the sector needs is a player modeled after solution providers like Siebel Systems which often plays a role in integrating, coordinating and defining processes that bring horizontal communications to vertical organizations. Curran suggests this approach has been validated as Cramer will soon announce that it has displaced its two largest competitors at accounts in Europe and the United States.
George Jimenez, CEO, Ace-Comm
Ace-Comm, known best for its mediation technologies, is one of the few public companies in the OSS sector. Mr.Jimenez has specific plans to raise the presence, capability and value of his company. There were hundreds of millions invested in technology companies in various segments of the OSS space. A lot of those are on life support today, but they created some very compelling technology One of our premises is that we can take whats been done and integrate them, embed them and operate them together to make a more compelling offering. Jimenez points to several drivers behind this strategy. First, he says Ace-Comms customers are asking it to bring more to the table as a trusted supplier of OSS in general not specific to mediation or billing alone. He also says that from a valuation perspective size matters, so our objective is to bulk ourselves up and be a substantial player. The end game, says Jimenez, is to make Ace-Comm particularly attractive to a much larger acquirer as the industry consolidates. Ace-Comm already has an established global presence and footprint to lever and has begun its acquisition activity with the recent purchase of biller Intasys. With this acquisition Jimenez stressed a focus on gaining technology, customers and strong managers.
Julie Wingerter, vice president strategy, NetCracker Technology Corp.
NetCracker is a company that often flies under the radar, but it's built a tier one customer base steadily while expanding its product capability. Critical to its strategy, explains Ms. Wingerter is to get the customer up and running as fast as possible and get rid of conflicting objectives by having someone else in the middle. In other words, she says, a full service OSS provider has to bring significant professional services to the table, along with a product suite. NetCracker's recent acquisition of AVD, a professional services firm, represents this philosophy. AVD was doing 100 percent of its work for NetCracker, explains Wingerter. The company wanted to insure this professional services partner would not do work for other vendors just at the point when we needed those resources available to us. NetCracker is also developing talent in Russian universities and has begun a similar program with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. If we were to make another acquisition, says Wingerter, I would expect it to be in the services area, though we are not actively engaged in any discussion right now.
John Lochow, CEO, Syndesis Ltd.
While developing our monthly Q&A with Syndesis (see Pipeline September 2004) Mr. Lochow made it clear he has big plans for the company. If and when the market is favorable, an IPO appears to be in Syndesis' future. Though some view Syndesis as a specialized, stand-alone product vendor focused on activation and discovery, the company's vision and capabilities are greater. With carriers looking for fewer moving parts and more functionality, Syndesis product road map is aimed toward a near-future intersection. The company sees a crossroads where networks are smarter, service delivery and assurance are automated, the need to assimilate new technologies is further intensified, and management of network-to-service relationships is critical to it all. It believes its platform is best suited for these requirements and Telecom Italia, SBC and Bell Canada have agreed with their checkbooks. Syndesis pursues very large deals relative to OSS with tier one carriers and places a heavy focus on customer service and cooperation to build entrenched relationships. Observers are split almost 50/50 on whether Syndesis succeeds on its own as a small-cap, public venture or is itself assimilated into a larger entity that would desire its technology and customers.
Billers
Large billing companies are likely to play a role in sector consolidations. Amdocs, for example, has demonstrated a willingness to make aggressive acquisitions and aborted an attempt to acquire Architel in the late 1990s. Acquisition chatter around trade shows always seems to include Amdocs, CSG Systems, Convergys and Intec Telecom Systems, though none has yet stepped up to make a major OSS acquisitions, focusing such activities instead on billing and billing-related companies. Analysts suggest, however, that billing is better business than OSS , and the economic reasons for a major biller to dive into a crowded OSS market are not yet apparent.
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] | null | [] | null | If you haven’t already, you will have to switch to the replacement for PSTN & ISDN. But change is good. The PSTN switch off and the pandemic-driven rise in online/ digital route to market has created new opportunities for businesses to deliver a future-proof solution that has brought about sever | en | https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/61796bcace3ce638a7736853/b5c54e9b-7998-4f46-bfdc-bc5e618a3fc5/favicon.ico | Sweethaven Business Services - part of the inTEC GROUP | https://sweethaven.co.uk/voip | VoIP, Telephony and Connectivity
Business communication systems are a critical factor for success.
Why VoIP? VoIP services are streamlining business operations already and would ensure your business is on the fast-track to being a fully remote business.
We help businesses with tangible benefits by upgrading them to VoIP
If you haven’t already, you will have to switch to the replacement for PSTN & ISDN. But change is good.
The PSTN switch off and the pandemic-driven rise in online/ digital route to market has created new opportunities for businesses to deliver a future-proof solution. This in turn will contribute to businesses enabling:
True flexibility
Ability for employees to stay connected and integrated with your business from any location that has internet access, and from any device. We’ve found this to be of huge benefit.
Cost savings
Savings on local and international calls by making them over the internet. Maintenance and configuration (as VoIP is software driven), boosting flexible productivity.
Scalability
Scale up or down easily in line with the needs of
your business. Minimal installation costs or lead times, in comparison to traditional telephone systems.
Security
VoIP is a highly secure solution for business communications. Unlike traditional phone systems, VoIP provides call encryption providing better security, privacy and reliability.
Customer centricity
VoIP solutions, offer more features than traditional telephone systems. Enhancing the experiences of your customers by increased availability, shorter response times, interactions and reporting.
Future-proofing
Traditional phone systems will be discontinued in 2025. VoIP offers flexibility and scalability, providing your business with a strong communications system that is built for the future.
Please get in touch for a chat with one of our VoIP specialists about how we can help you.
We have been supporting local businesses for over 44 years and have evolved our services to ensure we offer best-in-class solutions.
As a business, we ourselves made the transition to VoIP in 2019, which has provided us with enhanced flexibility and a resilient foundation for managing a growing, hybrid workforce. We have strong partnerships with some of the UK’s leading network providers, working together to roll out tailored and resilient VoIP solutions to our business clients throughout the South East and beyond.
Book in a chat to see how we could help your business switch to VoIP.
Do you still have a traditional PSTN/ISDN telephone system? Have you thought about preparing for 2025 when this system becomes obsolete?
VoIP services are streamlining business operations already and would ensure your business is on the fast-track to being a fully remote business | ||
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] | 2010-04-19T00:00:00 | Rick Woods, Volubill's newly appointed Vice President of North America London and Atlanta, Georgia, USA. April 19, 2010 — Volubill, a provider | en | VanillaPlus - The global voice of Telecoms IT | https://www.vanillaplus.com/2010/04/19/1280-volubill-opens-north-american-hq-appoints-rick-woods-as-vp-americas/ | Rick Woods, Volubill's newly appointed
Vice President of North America
London and Atlanta, Georgia, USA. April 19, 2010 — Volubill, a provider of charging and policy control systems, has established its North American headquarters in Atlanta, GA, and appointed industry veteran, Rick Woods as Vice President of the region. The office and appointment will support Volubill’s growing customer base in the US, while adding value to the existing regional team.
Rick has joined Volubill from Intec Telecom Systems where he was a Vice President in the Product organisation and working in mediation technology. He will now be responsible for growing North American sales and operations, and from 2011, that of Central and Latin America (CALA).
"US operators are looking at Policy Control and Online Charging with great interest as a means to intelligently manage their network resources and reconnect their revenue model with their cost model," said John Aalbers, CEO, Volubill. "This is clearly being reflected by the significant increase in interest we are seeing in our product set in North America. In the case of mobile broadband, great devices, great applications and customer appetite have caused demand for bandwidth to skyrocket, With flat rate charging models prevalent, US operators need concrete solutions to help them better manage that growth whilst making their data services profitable. Volubill is delighted to bring its expertise and its solutions direct to operators in the region through our new local presence."
Aalbers continues, “We are making a significant investment in North America and we need an exceptional leader to take the reins. Rick Woods is a charismatic visionary who combines deep technical strength with insightful market awareness and customer orientation. His experience in taking new products into new markets will serve us extremely well as we look to support a growing demand for our solutions in the Americas.”
Volubill’s policy control and charging systems aim to equip service providers with immediate and cost-effective relief to efficiently manage exploding data usage. Fully compliant with 3GPP's Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) specifications, Volubill’s CHARGE-IT™ and CONTROL-IT™ products provide real-time intelligence so that operators can dynamically allocate resources to maximise throughput within the limits of their existing networks, helping to control network growth-related capital expenditures and capitalise on premium, revenue-generating new services.
Volubill provides innovative 'on the network' charging and policy control systems to telecom operators worldwide. These enable operators to manage bandwidth based on subscriber- and service-centric usage policies and quotas, in order to maximise revenues and service experience and eliminate churn. Transcending the boundaries between the network and IT systems, Volubill provides flexibility and unlocks the potential of real-time BSS integration. Founded in 2001, Volubill is a global company with more than 75 customers worldwide. | |||||
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] | null | [] | null | Διαδικτυακός τόπος της Γενικής Γραμματείας Έρευνας και Καινοτομίας | en | https://gsri.gov.gr/wp-content/themes/gsri-wptheme/favicon.ico | https://gsri.gov.gr/en/foreas/foundation-for-research-and-tecnology-hellas/ | 4. State-of-the-art research facilities and Activities
Highly specialized Research Facilities in Forefront Laser Technologies, which participate actively in the European Research Infrastructures Programme, in the areas of Ultraviolet Lasers, Cultural Heritage Science, Soft Matter and Nanosciences (we have provided more than 3,500 days of access to more than 500 researchers from all over the world within LaserLab alone).
The “Skinakas” Observatory, in collaboration with the University of Crete and the Max Planck Institute of Extraterrestrial Physics in Germany, which provides the best observation conditions in the Mediterranean Basin. The Skinakas Observatory offers open days to the public during the summer months.
Common research lab with the Palace museum of the Forbidden City in Beijing, for technology transfer on the conservation of monuments and Art masterpieces.
Internationally Associated Lab in collaboration with CNRS and Aix-Marseille University.
Participates in the Greek National Network for Precision Medicine, implementing the Precision Medicine Unit in Crete, in collaboration with the University of Crete.
The 1st Ancient DNA Analysis Lab in Greece, one of the few in Europe.
Genomics Analysis Center with applications on Biomedicine, on Cultural Heritage and on Agrifood sector.
Biomedical Imaging Unit equipped with PET/CT (unique in Crete), in collaboration with the Medical School of the University of Crete and the University Hospital of Crete.
FORTH Graphene Centre, the main pillar for graphene research in Greece, which actively participates in the Graphene FLAGSHIP – selected as Future and Emerging Technology (FET) by the European Commission.
Computational-Mathematical Intense Data Modelling unit for Materials science and Bio-Medical applications in collaboration with the National Technical University of Athens.
The first Metabolomic Analysis in Systems & Network Biology Laboratory in South-Eastern Europe, contributing totechnologies & applications in Precision Medicine and
Micro-PET facility in the context of the research taking placein the advanced hybrid imaging systems programme.
The first Laboratory in the Eastern Mediterranean areaoffering ground based & satellite remote sensing, prospectionand GIS management of cultural heritage monuments, sitesprotection and environmental resources.
The only research unit in Greece exclusively dedicated to thesystematic study of Ottoman history.
The only El Greco Centre of Art History in the Mediterranean.
The Largest archive for Neohellenic Theatricalperformances in the Eastern Mediterranean from 1830s to
The only Centre of Maritime History in Eastern
World-class center for air quality and climate change research,serving as a consultant and providing atmospheric chemicaltransport models to several countries and internationally.
1st AXA Chair Grant in Greece, in Epigenetics research.
Ambient Intelligence (AmI) Programme, a long termhorizontal interdisciplinary RTD Programme, aiming atdeveloping and applying pioneering human centric AmItechnologies and Smart Environments in everyday life.
Data Science Programme for addressing challenges related tothe management and analysis of very large volumes ofheterogeneous data in various domains.
Computational predictive-modelling activities forgeophysical and environmental flows.
Cutting-edge technology & expertise in fuel cells, soilpollution monitoring and remediation, clean hydrogenproduction and CO2
Developing processes for waste biotransformation to useful chemicals.
Education and advanced training
FORTH:
awards more than 500 fellowships per year toundergraduates, Master’s and Doctoral students, Postdocs andtrainee scientists.
participates in interdisciplinary graduate programs incollaboration with Greek Universities:
“Photonics and Nanoelectronics” & “Nanotechnologyand Energy Applications” in collaboration with theUniversity of Crete and the Technological and EducationalInstitute of Crete.
“Biomedical Engineering” in collaboration with theUniversity of Crete & the Technical University of Crete.
“Bioinformatics“, “Brain and Mind”, “Ottoman History”and “Theatrical and Cinema Studies” in collaboration withthe University of Crete.
“Microsystems and Nanostructures” in collaboration withthe National Technical University of Athens andDemokritos Research Centre.
FORTH Researchers teach in many graduate programs offered by Greek Universities.
organizes an annual series of advanced seminar lectures, on cutting-edge research fields in Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics and Computer Science, in collaboration with the Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation. The main objective of the series is to provide an advanced education and training framework for talented Greek and International graduate and senior undergraduate students, which are selected to participate based on academic merit.
supports secondary education initiatives for student career advising and interaction with research labs in Greece. Each year, more than 1,100 high school students visit FORTH premises and become acquainted with its scientific activities.
is visited by 2,500 people every year, for the last 14 years, at “Researcher’s Night”, an initiative of the European Commission taking place in parallel in 300 European Cities, on the last Friday of September.
has trained more than 15,000 scientists in new technologies.
has established the Crete University Press (CUP), with 700 titles published to-date (30-35 new publications/year), more than 2,100,000 copies sold (110,000/year) and 26 Awards. CUP Books have been adopted as textbooks in more than 1,700 university courses across the country.
Crete University Press has established the “Mathesis” Open Online Courses (with more than 60,000 students to-date).
Employment and Entrepreneurship
FORTH:
has directly or indirectly created >1,400 highly skilled jobs through its activities.
has contributed to the “brain gain” by hiring or collaborating with new scientists who currently work as University Professors and Collaborating Faculty Members at FORTH.
has established and developed the first Technology Park in the country, located in Patras, currently supervised by GSRT.
has established the Science and Technology Park of Crete which hosts and supports start-up companies.
has established the PRAXI Network and contributed to more than 500 research and technology contracts with Greek and International companies and Organizations.
has created and operates business clusters in various technology sectors (Hellenic Digital Health Cluster, Hellenic Bio Cluster, Hellenic Photonics Cluster, Innovation Greece).
has developed scientific and technological collaborations with more than 300 companies.
has developed and supported several spin-off companies.
promotes conference tourism: ~30.000 overnight stays/year.
directly supports the market of the Regions of Crete and Western Greece with ~ 3 Μ€ / year. | |||||
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] | null | [] | null | en | https://gss.itu.int/speakers/ | Julissa Cruz has more than two decades of experience in public service. At INDOTEL, she has been Director of International Relations, Compliance Commissioner and Head of the Regulation Department, playing a fundamental role in the creation of the regulatory framework and leading the implementation of number portability in 2009. She has directed significant projects, such as the National Broadband Plan of the Dominican Republic, the Radio Spectrum Tender for the deployment of fifth-generation networks (5G), being the second country to have this technology in the region, and the coordination of the Connectivity and Access Axis of the 2030 Digital Agenda. Her management has stood out for the promotion of regulatory measures to strengthen competition and innovation, including the identification of relevant markets and the implementation of the Regulatory Sandbox.
Ms. Cruz is currently a member of the ITU’s Board of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Alliance for Digital Development and Ambassador of the Inter-American Dialogue on Connectivity for Education. Cruz Abreu has made an impact at the international level by leading the Dominican Republic’s active participation in the ITU P2C initiative. Was nominated as a finalist for the CONECTA LATAM AWARDS 2023 in the “Most Connected Woman of the Year” category. This award honors women who have truly made a difference in their company, telecommunications industry and community.
Dr. Ebtesam Almazrouei is recognized for her pioneering Falcon AI models, including the Middle East’s first open-source LLM, Falcon 40B, and the world’s most powerful open AI model, Falcon 180B in 2023. She also developed NOOR, the largest Arabic LLM in 2022. As a visionary entrepreneur, she founded AIE3, delivering innovative AI solutions, and serves as a Senior AI Consultant for the ITU. Her leadership extends to chairing the UAE Council for AI and Blockchain’s big data subcommittee and contributing to the WWRF. Dr. Almazrouei is named in the Leading AI Women in the World list and received the Global Leadership Women in Tech® MENA Award. An influential speaker, she has graced leader stages at the CogX Festival, AI Global Summit, UK AI Safety Summit, and AWS reinvent. Her commitment to sustainability and AI for good is evident in her roles with the UN’s SDGs. Formerly, she was the Executive Director, Acting Chief AI Researcher, and Founder of the Artificial Intelligence Cross-Center ( AICCU) at the Technology Innovation Institute. Dr. Almazrouei spearheaded AI’s Strategic Planning and Development in TII. Dr. Ebtesam is the first Emirati woman to hold a Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence for Wireless Communication Engineering and Computer Science. Dr. Almazrouei’s expertise and achievements have significantly impacted the global AI landscape, marking her as a distinguished figure in the field.
As an avowed advocate of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations, she has been instrumental in the implementation of programs aimed at championing and localizing the SDGs within her Municipality. One of her area of interest has been the formulation of strategies aimed at building Smart and sustainable Cities. – She has been instrumental in crafting The Kyebi Model, of the Smart Sustainable Cities Concept which harnesses a synergy of Local government actors, the traditional Authorities and Academia in fostering the implementation of smart cities programs. Her leadership, commitment and direction, has led to a harmonious collaboration of all these key stakeholders culminating the certifications and recognitions received from UN-ITU and UN-HABIATAT.
Graduated in Economics from the University of Brasília (UnB), with master’s and doctoral degree in Economics from the Catholic University of Brasília (UCB). In the telecommunications field since 2006, he worked as a consultant and sectoral information analyst for an association of mobile operators. He also served as an undergraduate professor at the Catholic University of Brasília (UCB), at the Institute of Higher Education of Brasília (IESB), and at the Brazilian Institute of Capital Markets (IBMEC). He has written articles and book chapters published in Brazil and abroad. He has been a tenured civil servant at the National Agency of Telecommunications of Brazil (Anatel) since 2009, where he held positions such as Executive Superintendent, Competition Superintendent, Chief of Technical Advisory, and Control of Obligations Superintendent. He served as a Commissioner from October 2020 to April 2022, when he became the Executive President and President of the Board of Anatel.
Manuel Barreiro Castañeda is the founder and chairman of the Aston Group, a private equity firm with $1 billion in investments to date. The firm develops real estate projects and makes private equity investments with a focus on North America and Europe. Mr. Barreiro Castañeda is a strategic leader with over 20 years of high-level experience in international real estate, successfully advising public and private sector stakeholders on the intersection of technology, sustainability, mobility, and smart cities. Committed to sustainability, he works to ensure that his firm’s development projects benefit the local community by improving quality of life, reducing inequality gaps, and positively impacting the environment according to the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Actively involved in the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), he serves as Vice Chairman of the ITU’s “Working Group 8 on the Metaverse – Sustainability, Accessibility & Inclusion,” addressing sustainability, accessibility, and inclusion. Complementing his industry experience, he completed the Oxford Real Estate Programme and the Oxford Programme on Valuation of Private Assets at the University of Oxford. He also holds an Executive Master of Science (MSc) in Cities from the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), where he further developed his knowledge in sustainable urban development, mobility, and water management to enhance the quality of life in large cities and small urban areas. This degree also sparked his interest in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), which will be at the center of his projects in the near future.
Mr. Barreiro Castañeda also holds an MBA from the University of Texas at Austin McCombs School of Business and a Bachelor’s in International Business from Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey. He completed academic exchange programs at higher learning institutions in Japan and Argentina, where he realized the importance of using technology for the benefit of vulnerable groups. This realization became his life’s mission — to create better cities for the future, starting in his native Mexico
With over three decades of leadership experience in global telecommunications policy, Ms. Bogdan-Martin has emphasized the need for digital transformation to achieve economic prosperity, job creation, skills development, gender equality, and socio-economic inclusion, as well as to build circular economies, reduce climate impact, and save lives. Her historic election by ITU Member States in September 2022 made her the first woman ever to head the nearly 160-year-old organization. Known for mobilizing innovative partnerships, she aims to promote meaningful connectivity, intensify cooperation to connect the unconnected, and strengthen the alignment of digital technologies with inclusive sustainable development.
Ulrich heads the external standardization engagement for Nokia. He is responsible for global and regional standardization including radio spectrum aspects. Ulrich is a Vice President and Executive Committee member of the Global Mobile Supplier Association (GSA). He also serves in the Board of the Metaverse Standards Forum. Between 2022 and 2024, he served as a board member to the Innovative Optical and Wireless Network Global Forum (IOWN-GF). From 2018 to 2022 he was also Board Member of the 5G Association for Connected Industries and Automation (5G-ACIA).
Paul J. Foster, CEO and Board Member of the Global Esports Federation since March 2021, leads the organization’s strategic growth. Previously, he served as Chief Operating Officer and Senior Advisor during the GEF’s establishment. With 30 years of global leadership experience, he’s acclaimed for convening and mobilizing partnerships, utilizing technology for sustainable development, and advancing inclusive global progress. Paul was a Vice President at World Expo 2020 Dubai, overseeing start-up operations, budgeting, and vision-setting. He dedicated over two decades to the Olympic movement, including significant roles at the International Olympic Committee. He consults for various entities, advising on vision setting and strategy. He holds degrees in Business, Economics, International Affairs, Diplomacy and Protocol, with additional studies in AI from MIT Sloan School of Management and the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL). Fluent in English and Italian, as well as with capacity in French and Spanish, Paul is also an Associate Professor in International Relations and a certified Yoga teacher. As Chairman of the Board of the World Technology Games organization, he continues to help shape the future of global esports, sports, technology, and innovation
Commissioner Gomez brings over 30 years of public and private sector experience in domestic and international communications law and policy to her position. She previously led U.S. preparations for the International Telecommunication Union World Radiocommunication Conference 2023 for the State Department. Commissioner Gomez has held numerous leadership roles in the federal government, including Deputy Administrator of the National Telecommunications and Information Administration, Deputy Chief of the FCC’s International Bureau, and as Senior Legal Advisor to then-Chairman William E. Kennard. Born in Orlando, Florida, Commissioner Gomez spent her childhood in Bogota, Colombia before her family relocated to New Jersey. Commissioner Gomez earned her B.A. in Pre-Law from Pennsylvania State University and her J.D. from George Washington University Law School.
Inder is the CEO of IUDX Program and is also Research Professor at IISc. He was previously Vice President of Software at Ericsson, where he was instrumental in launching their Edge computing efforts. Before that, he was Vice President of Networking at IBM, where he had responsibility for all of IBM’s hardware and software networking products. He has also served as Chief Architect of AT&T and Chief Technology Officer of Prodigy.
Inder has also had a distinguished research career in the area of computer networks, with 20 patents and more than 70 technical publications to his credit. He worked at the IBM T.J. Watson Research Centre, earning two IBM Outstanding Innovation Awards. He has served as editor of several technical journals and was elected Fellow of the IEEE. He has a PhD from Columbia University, New York and a BA from Oxford University, England.
Dr. Alberto Hernando de Castro is a distinguished physicist and entrepreneur with over 15 years in scientific research and a decade of C-level experience in private companies. He earned his PhD in Computational and Quantum Physics from the Universitat de Barcelona and has worked at prestigious European institutions, including the French CNRS and the Swiss EPFL, where he focused on Quantum Physics, Complex Systems, and Social Physics. In 2015, he co-founded the deep-tech startup SThAR, where he served as CEO, utilizing data analytics to innovate in major electoral campaigns globally. Since 2018, he has been the founder director and CEO of Kido Dynamics, driving innovation in transportation, retail, tourism, marketing, and real estate. He leverages mobility analytics and integrates technologies such as AI, satellite imagery, connected vehicles, and geoposition data from Mobile Phone Network Operators to enhance business strategies and decision-making processes. His collaborations span public institutions like Eurostat and the World Bank, major cities such as Rio de Janeiro, Madrid, and São Paulo, and private international companies like Uber and JCDecaux. Through his leadership, Kido Dynamics has become a key player in transforming how data is utilized across various sectors, promoting smarter and more efficient urban and commercial planning.
Tunisian born, Dr Bilel Jamoussi is Deputy Director, Telecommunication Standardization Bureau, ITU in Geneva Switzerland. Since 2010, he has been leading the bureau’s standards-making activities into a new era characterized by rapid convergence and the need for increased collaboration with vertical sectors and partnership between developed and developing countries. Prior to 2010, Jamoussi worked for a Telecommunication equipment and solutions provider for 15 years in Canada and then in the United States where he held several leadership positions and was granted 22 US patents in diverse areas including packet, optical, wireless, and quality of service. He holds a BSc, MSc and PhD degrees in Computer Engineering from the Pennsylvania State University, USA. He is fluent in Arabic, French, and English and speaks some Spanish and German.
While at GE Corporate Research, she was the Technology Manager for the Physical and Digital Analytics Research lab and Exponential Market Solutions Leader responsible for incubating and running innovation missions spanning physical and digital technology areas. She has significant experience in the healthcare domain and is currently heading the 5G Special Interest Group at the center. She has 10+ patents rated to be filed in the area of AI in healthcare.
After graduating from Leningrad University of Telecommunications in 1974, A. Koucheryavy joined Telecommunication Research Institute LONIIS, where he worked till October 2003 (from 1986 to 2003 as the First Deputy Director). Dr. A. Koucheryavy holds Professor position at the Bonch-Bruevich St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications (SUT) since 1998. There, in 2011 he became a Chaired Professor in “Telecommunication Networks and data transmission” department. Dr. A.Koucheryavy was an advisor of the Central Science Research Telecommunication Institute (ZNIIS) from 2003 to 2010. Co-founder of the International Teletraffic Seminar (1993, 1995, 1998, 2002); founder of the model network for digital networks at LONIIS (1997); co-founder of the model network for packet networks at ZNIIS (2004); co-founder of the Internet of Things Laboratory (2012) at SUT. Chair of the Scientific school on teletraffic theory in LONIIS (1990 – 2003); Founder and scientific school chair “Internet of Things and self-organizing networks” in SUT (2010 up to now); Steering committee member of IEEE technically co-sponsored series of conferences ICACT, NEW2AN and ICFNDS. SG11 ITU-T vice-chairman 2005 – 2008, 2009 – 2012. WP3/WP4 SG11 chairman 2006 – 2012, WP4 SG11 vice-chairman 2015-2016, Chairman of SG11 from 2016 up to March 2022. Host and technical program committee member of the “Kaleidoscope 2014” at SUT. Founder of the model network for telepresence services in SUT (2021). Honorary member of Popov’s society (2002).
Principal-level senior engineer and PhD of Engineering from Wuhan University with a major in photogrammetry and remote sensing. Previously, Dr. Li served as Deputy Chief Engineer of China Electronic Information Industry Development Research Institute (CCID), and Deputy Chief of the Department of Planning, Science and Technology, Chief of the Department of Planning, Science and Technology (Office of the Science and Technology Commission), Head of the General Office and Head of the Department of General Administration of China Electronic Corporation. Dr. Li is now the Vice President of China Telecommunications Corporation Limited.
Karen McCabe is a Senior Director of Technology Policy at the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE SA), where she leads IEEE SA’s Technology Policy Center and oversees government relations and IEEE SA’s public policy initiatives, including efforts to build and connect communities working in the standardization and technology policy ecosystem with the aim of impactful outcomes to help advance technology for the benefit of society. Karen works at the nexus of mission-driven organizations, industry, NGOs, and government bodies to raise awareness, educate, and build capacity among stakeholders in the technology sphere. She is engaged in technology policy initiatives in sustainability, ethical AI, digital transition, and global standards in trade and policy. She leads the organization’s engagement with the UN and other international and intergovernmental bodies, with a focus on engagement of the technical community at the intersection of technology, standards, regulation, and policy.
Javier Juárez Mojica has been Commissioner of the Federal Telecommunications Institute (IFT) since October 2016 and Acting Chairman since March 2022. He is an honorary member of the World Commission on the Ethics of Scientific Knowledge and Technology (COMEST) of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), has been member of the OECD Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence (AIGO), Vice-chair of the former Working Party on Communication Infrastructures and Services Policy (CISP) at the OECD (2019-2021), former president of the Technical Committee on 5G networks deployment in Mexico, and currently serves as Chair of the Small Operators Committee.
Sergio Mujica joined ISO as Secretary-General in July 2017, having spent 7 years at the World Custom’s Organization (WCO) as Deputy Secretary-General. The WCO aims to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of Custom’s administrations worldwide, and within this role Mr Mujica was responsible for the design and implementation of the WCO’s strategic plan. This included simplification, harmonization and standardization of custom’s procedures in addition to capacity building initiatives aimed at the WCO members. This gave him significant experience in an international setting, building consensus within a large membership-based organization.
Prior to working at the World Customs Organization, Mr Mujica spent 15 years working for the Government of Chile with the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Economic Affairs and as the Director General of Chile Customs. A Chilean national, he has a law degree from the Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile and a Master’s degree in International Law from the American University in Washington DC.
Hon. Nape Moses Nnauye is the United Republic of Tanzania’s Minister for Information,Communication, and Information Technology and Member of Parliament for Mtama Constituency in Lindi Region. He is a natural communicator who can energize and inspire people towards common goals. Nape has a successful track record in public programs, contributing to important roles and positions. Born and raised in Tanzania, Nape earned a Bachelor’s degree in Psychology, Language, and Journalism with Honors from Bangalore University in India, and a Master’s in Public
Nape has actively served with Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM), the current ruling party in Tanzania, since his primary school days. Nape played various roles within CCM and the government, contributing to their political and economic growth. Nape is a member of the National Congress, National Executive Committee, and former National Secretary for Ideology and Publicity of CCM. Nape remains passionate about Africa’s and Tanzania’s development and actively shares his unique treasure of practical knowledge and purposeful emphasis with youth. Nape is a mentor to the future development agents of Africa.
Seizo Onoe took office as Director of the Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (TSB) at the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) on 1 January 2023. Known in the industry as “the father of LTE” (Long-Term Evolution mobile broadband), he now aims for global outreach to bridge standardization gaps, deliver the benefits of technology widely and speedily, and ensure meaningful and affordable broadband access for everyone. Before his election as TSB Director by ITU Member States, he completed an over 30-year career with Japanese mobile operator NTT DOCOMO. In 2021, he became Executive Vice President and Chief Standardization Strategy Officer for NTT Corporation and a Fellow of NTT DOCOMO. From 2017, he served as NTT DOCOMO’s Chief Technology Architect and President of its subsidiary DOCOMO Technology. From 2012 to 2017, he served as NTT DOCOMO’s Chief Technology Officer and Executive Vice President, a Member of the Board of Directors, and Managing Director of R&D Innovation Division. Earlier, he served as Senior Vice President and Managing Director of NTT DOCOMO’s R&D Strategy Department and Managing Director of the company’s Radio Network Development Department. Mr Onoe holds a Master’s degree in electronics from the Kyoto University Graduate School of Engineering.
Parth Trivedi is CEO and Co-Founder of Skylo Technologies. Skylo is a software-defined global service operator, connecting cellular devices directly over satellites, ensuring that you never lose coverage. Skylo’s focus is on enabling connected services for people outdoors and connected workflows for machines at work across critical industries such as agriculture, defense, maritime, logistics, mining, and others, in addition to consumer cellular devices. Skylo is backed by Innovation Endeavors, Intel, Samsung, BMW, Boeing, Next47, Seraphim, Softbank Group, DCM, and Moore Strategic Ventures.
Trained as an aerospace engineer, Parth has led various missions and aerospace projects at MIT sponsored by the US Department of Defense, Air Force Research Laboratory, NASA, Lockheed Martin, and the Federal Aviation Administration. He was nominated to the US delegation task force to the UN technical body on global aviation (ICAO). Parth and his co-founders conceived of Skylo at Stanford University, where he was co-leading research in the Space Systems Development Lab, and later spun the company out as an Entrepreneur-in-Residence at Innovation Endeavors.
Dr. Rajkumar Upadhyay is CEO of Centre for Developments of Telematics(C-DOT), a premier R&D Centre of Ministry of Communications, Government of India. His previous assignments include working with Prasar Bharati, Telecom Regulatory Authority of India, Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL) and in Defence R&D Organization. He has also been the Chairman of the working group on ‘Policy and Regulation for South Asian Regulators Council (SATRC) during 2011-12.
He is the winner of several awards including: J.C. Bose award by Ministry of Defense, National e-Governance award by Government of India, CIO 100 award by International Data Group (IDG), Deepak C. Jain Award by IIM Bangalore. Under his leadership, C-DOT has won various awards namely Voice Data “Telecom Person of the Year”, IETECorporate Award for Telecommunication, ELCINA Award for Innovation in R&D Category, 12th Annual Aegis Graham Bell Awards across three categories for Disaster Management, Secure Messaging & Calling Solution and Covid Quarantine Alert System (CQAS), ELCINA Defennovation Awards for innovation in Defence and many more.
At The Linux Foundation, Jim works with the world’s largest technology companies, including IBM, Intel, Google, Samsung, Qualcomm, and others to help define the future of computing on the server, in the cloud, and on a variety of mobile computing devices. His work at the vendor-neutral Linux Foundation gives him a unique and aggregate perspective on the global technology industry. | ||||||
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Shiv Yadav completed their secondary education at Army School from 2000 to 2001, where they obtained their SSC degree in the field of Science. Following that, they attended Maharshi Dayanand University from 2001 to 2005, where they earned a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Information Technology. In addition to their formal education, Shiv Yadav has obtained various certifications, including "Creating Psychological Safety for Diverse Teams," "Fostering Belonging as a Leader," "Go Essential Training," "Inclusive Leadership," "TM Forum Open API Foundation Level Exam," "AI Foundation Level Exam," "ITIL Intd CAP-RCV," "AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Associate," "ICAgile Certified Professional," "ITIL Foundation," "Professional Scrum Master," and "TOGAF 9 certified EA." These certifications were obtained from institutions such as LinkedIn, TM Forum, AXELOS Global Best Practice, Amazon Web Services, ICAgile, Scrum.org, and The Open Group, with different completion dates from 2017 to 2022. | ||
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Connect and
Complete business to enrich the future
Sustainability Management
NET
ZERO
POSCO INTERNATIONAL
will be Carbon Neutral by 2050
0
Cases
High-consequence Injuries
(2022~)
ESG
Committee
Highest Deliberative Body
of ESG Management | ||||||||
correct_foundationPlace_00048 | FactBench | 2 | 79 | https://www.eclipse.org/lists/tycho-dev/msg00106.html | en | extras, 0.11.0 release? | [
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Re: [tycho-dev] tycho-p2-extras, 0.11.0 release?
From: "David Meibusch" <David.Meibusch@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Date: Mon, 25 Apr 2011 20:18:29 +1000
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Thread-topic: [tycho-dev] tycho-p2-extras, 0.11.0 release?
+1 for p2-extras 0.11.0 staging. Works for our projects. Thanks guys. Dave -----Original Message----- From: tycho-dev-bounces@xxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:tycho-dev-bounces@xxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Igor Fedorenko Sent: Wednesday, 13 April 2011 7:59 AM To: tycho-dev@xxxxxxxxxxx Subject: Re: [tycho-dev] tycho-p2-extras, 0.11.0 release? I staged tycho-extras 0.11.0 and staging repo is available from [1]. I also created tycho-extras-0.11.x branch for 0.11.0 release work and updated master to use 0.12.0-SNAPSHOT version. Also, why emma and p2-extras plugins use groupId=org.sonatype.tycho? I think org.sonatype.tycho.extras is more appropriate in this case. What do you think? [1] https://repository.sonatype.org/content/repositories/sonatype_org-026 -- Regards, Igor On 11-04-12 02:47 AM, Oberlies, Tobias wrote: > Igor Fedorenko wrote: >> For now, I disabled the job and can stage release from my machine if you >> thinks it's ready. > > Yes, please go ahead and stage the master state of tycho-extras. > >> We should probably consider moving Tycho builds to >> eclipse infrastructure once we move the code their, and I am sure >> webmaster will be thrilled about our disk space usage ;-) > > I agree that this would be a good idea. Eclipse is already setting up a Nexus (https://bugs.eclipse.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=337068 ) so this should be doable. > > > Thanks& regards > Tobais > _______________________________________________ > tycho-dev mailing list > tycho-dev@xxxxxxxxxxx > https://dev.eclipse.org/mailman/listinfo/tycho-dev _______________________________________________ tycho-dev mailing list tycho-dev@xxxxxxxxxxx https://dev.eclipse.org/mailman/listinfo/tycho-dev This e-mail and any attachments are confidential and may also be legally privileged and/or copyright material of Intec Telecom Systems Limited (or its affiliated companies). If you are not an intended or authorised recipient of this e-mail or have received it in error, please delete it immediately and notify the sender by e-mail. In such a case, reading, reproducing, printing or further dissemination of this e-mail or its contents is strictly prohibited and may be unlawful. Intec Telecom Systems Limited does not represent or warrant that an attachment hereto is free from computer viruses or other defects. The opinions expressed in this e-mail and any attachments may be those of the author and are not necessarily those of Intec Telecom Systems Limited. Intec Telecom Systems Limited Registered in England No 393 1295 Registered Office: Wells Court 2 Albert Drive Woking Surrey GU21 5UB
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Re: [tycho-dev] tycho-p2-extras, 0.11.0 release?
From: David Meibusch
References:
[tycho-dev] tycho-p2-extras, 0.11.0 release?
From: David Meibusch
Re: [tycho-dev] tycho-p2-extras, 0.11.0 release?
From: Oberlies, Tobias
Re: [tycho-dev] tycho-p2-extras, 0.11.0 release?
From: Oberlies, Tobias
Re: [tycho-dev] tycho-p2-extras, 0.11.0 release?
From: Igor Fedorenko
Re: [tycho-dev] tycho-p2-extras, 0.11.0 release?
From: Oberlies, Tobias
Re: [tycho-dev] tycho-p2-extras, 0.11.0 release?
From: Igor Fedorenko | ||||||||
correct_foundationPlace_00048 | FactBench | 3 | 42 | https://www.fiware.org/news/fiware-foundation-member-tis-inc-and-the-university-of-aizu-complete-a-proof-of-concept-for-automating-logistics-systems-using-autonomous-mobile-robots/ | en | FIWARE Foundation Member TIS Inc. and the University of Aizu Complete a Proof of Concept for Automating Logistics Systems, Using Autonomous Mobile Robots – FIWARE | [
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""
] | null | [] | 2020-01-08T10:49:03+01:00 | The results will drive the standardization of data models for autonomous mobile robots. | en | FIWARE | https://www.fiware.org/news/fiware-foundation-member-tis-inc-and-the-university-of-aizu-complete-a-proof-of-concept-for-automating-logistics-systems-using-autonomous-mobile-robots/ | Berlin, January 8, 2020 – TIS Inc., a comprehensive IT service provider based in Japan, covering a wide spectrum of industries and sectors with everything from core systems to applications (including development, data-centers and cloud services), and the University of Aizu have announced the successful completion of a Proof of Concept (PoC) which will further help the automation of a logistics system, through effective collaboration between Inventory Management Systems and Autonomous Mobile Robots.
The PoC took place on November 26-29 at LICTiA, University of Aizu’s Laboratory for leading-edge ICT. The first university in Japan solely dedicated to computer science and engineering, Aizu trains robot engineers and foster the adoption of robotics technologies through activities such as research and development of robots, their software, cloud robotics, and standardization in the robotics domain.
Part of the TIS INTEC Group (comprising 60 IT companies and 20,000 employees worldwide), TIS Inc. has more than 3,000 customers across varied industries such as financial services, manufacturing, logistics/distribution, public services and telecommunications, with a strong presence in China and the ASEAN region. Besides providing cutting-edge IT solution services, TIS Inc. contributes to the growth of its customers’ businesses by being their technology partner and offering global support.
TIS Inc. has been a Gold member of FIWARE Foundation since 2018, applying FIWARE to data interfacing with robot-to-robot connections as well as data interfacing with robots, IoT, open data and other solution components.
A social-economic Background
Using service robots in human places is a promising approach to solve social problems such as labor shortage and an aging population. However, the role of robots has not yet been defined in conventional business systems. TIS has been developing RoboticBase to enable the collaboration between service robots and business systems.
On that front, TIS and the University of Aizu plan to launch a new PoC targeted to solve social problems in several cities in the Fukushima prefecture, such as Aizu-Wakamatsu and Minami-Soma.
About RoboticBase
RoboticBase is a platform for commercial use, based on RoboticBase-Core to achieve integrated management of service robots and IoT sensors based on FIWARE, which provides the fundamental framework of RoboticBase for IoT and Smart City applications. RoboticBase includes RoboticBase-Core for research and development and RoboticBase for enterprise use.
It enables the integration and management of heterogeneous robots, which have different tasks such as security, cleaning, transportation and other tasks, supporting the collaboration of the robots with people and business systems. The current version supports only service robots but will support drones in the future.
About RoboticBase-Core
RoboticBase-Core provides core components of RoboticBase for research and development. TIS provides it in the form of open source software.
Upcoming Outreach and Shows
Expanding the outreach of the project in the field of service robots, TIS will push the standardization of data models used in the interface between the RoboticBase system and autonomous mobile robots facilitating the connectivity. Furthermore, several actions are planned to validate and register the defined data models as FIWARE data models. This standardization effort will take place as part of the activities of the Robotics Tech Roadmap Working Group (WG).
Coordinated by FIWARE Foundation, the WG discusses the potential of FIWARE technology in the Robotics field and it is composed by FIWARE Foundation members, such as TIS, Fraunhofer IML, Atos, eProsima, and many others. The Working Group is planning to publish a position paper on Robotics and FIWARE during the Hannover Fair (April 20-24, Germany). Stop by at FIWARE’s booth (Hall 8, Stand C25) to learn more about FIWARE’s community complete offering for Industrie 4.0. and meet the FIWARE partners who will be showcasing FIWARE-powered solutions and use cases for Smart Industry. | |||||
correct_foundationPlace_00048 | FactBench | 2 | 59 | https://transportation.ky.gov/Civil-Rights-and-Small-Business-Development/Pages/Certified-DBE-Directory.aspx | en | Certified DBE Directory | [
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] | null | [] | null | en | https://transportation.ky.gov/Style Library/KYTC Portal/favicon.ico | https://transportation.ky.gov:443/Civil-Rights-and-Small-Business-Development/Pages/Certified-DBE-Directory.aspx | Renewed Beginning July 1, 2021 through June 30, 2025 the Indiana Department of Transportation and the Kentucky Transportation
Cabinet are participating in a ongoing Reciprocity agreement. DBE’s certified in one state may be used for any DOT federal aid project in the partner
state. Please note that DBE’s will need to follow the project State’s prequalification laws. For the most up to date list of DBE’s certified in Indiana please click here: https://entapps.indot.in.gov/DBELocator/
NOTE- there are three search options: 1) by Firm, 2) by NAICS Description, or 3) the Search field, which will search for anything entered. | ||||||
correct_foundationPlace_00048 | FactBench | 3 | 54 | https://www.cloudsolutions-africa.com/speaker/abyda-aziz/ | en | Cloud Solutions Africa | [
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"Data Centre Infrastructure",
"Data Centre Design",
"Data Centre Build",
"Cabling",
"Networking",
"Solutions",
"Services",
"Generators",
"Load Banks",
"Power",
"Connectivity",
"Facilities",
"Flooring",
"Cooling",
"Racking",
"Edge",
"Circular Economy",
"Green IT",
"Sustainability",
"PUE",
"Enclosures",
"Liquid Cooling",
"Open Compute",
"Open Stack",
"ISO 50600",
"Facilities Management",
"Mechanical Engineering",
"Electrical Engineering",
"UPS",
"Standby Generation",
"AI",
"Internet of Things",
"IOT",
"Robotics",
"DCIM",
"Remote Monitoring",
"Application Software",
"IT",
"Business Continuity",
"Consultancy",
"Data Centre Construction",
"Fire Detection",
"Fire Suppression",
"Heating and Ventilation",
"Operating Systems",
"Outsourcing",
"Power Generation",
"DataCentres Ireland 2020",
"Power Management",
"Property Agents",
"Property Management",
"Security",
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] | null | [] | 2024-07-08T10:27:30+00:00 | Cloud Solutions Africa, Sandton Convention Centre, Johannesburg, 16-17 July 2024 | en | Cloud Solutions Africa | https://www.cloudsolutions-africa.com/speaker/abyda-aziz/ | Biography
Abyda Aziz is an experienced Head of Operations with over 12 years in the telecommunications industry, currently leading strategic operations for a tier 1 ISPand Cloud service provider.
She specializes in SLA management, IT strategy, system deployment, and vendor relationship management. Abyda is skilled in business development, operational planning, and project implementation, with a strong background in procurement, technical support management, and client communication.
She holds ITIL Foundation, RCV (ITIL 3), and PPO certifications and is pursuing aB.B.A. focused on Business Management and Relationship Building from Intec College. Abyda is dedicated to advancing Africa’s digital landscape and driving business growth through strategic operational excellence. | |||||
correct_foundationPlace_00048 | FactBench | 2 | 63 | https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2004/08/09/04-18127/granting-of-request-for-early-termination-of-the-waiting-period-under-the-premerger-notification | en | Federal Register :: Request Access | [] | [
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] | null | [] | 2004-08-09T00:00:00 | en | null | Request Access
Due to aggressive automated scraping of FederalRegister.gov and eCFR.gov, programmatic access to these sites is limited to access to our extensive developer APIs.
If you are human user receiving this message, we can add your IP address to a set of IPs that can access FederalRegister.gov & eCFR.gov; complete the CAPTCHA (bot test) below and click "Request Access". This process will be necessary for each IP address you wish to access the site from, requests are valid for approximately one quarter (three months) after which the process may need to be repeated.
An official website of the United States government.
If you want to request a wider IP range, first request access for your current IP, and then use the "Site Feedback" button found in the lower left-hand side to make the request. | |||||||
correct_foundationPlace_00048 | FactBench | 3 | 97 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Gen_Digital | en | List of mergers and acquisitions by Gen Digital | [
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] | 2004-08-06T06:11:37+00:00 | en | /static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Gen_Digital | Gen Digital, formerly known as Symantec and NortonLifeLock, is a multinational computer software company founded on March 1, 1982.[1] It is an international corporation that specializes in selling security and information management software.[2] Gary Hendrix founded the company in 1982 with the help of a National Science Foundation grant. Symantec was originally focused on artificial intelligence-related projects, and Hendrix hired several Stanford University natural language processing researchers as the company's first employees.[3] After the company's initial public offering in 1989, Hendrix left the company in 1991 and moved to Texas.[4] The company has acquired 57 companies, purchased stakes in 2 firms, and divested 26 companies, in which parts of the company are sold to another company. Of the companies that Symantec has acquired, 50 were based in the United States. Symantec has not released the financial details for most of these mergers and acquisitions.
Symantec's first acquisition was C&E Software on January 1, 1984, and the founder of C&E Software, Gordon Eubanks, became the new chief executive officer of Symantec.[5] The company has made five acquisitions with a value greater than $1 billion: LifeLock was acquired on Feb 9, 2017 for $2.3 billion, Blue Coat Systems was acquired on Aug 1, 2016 for $4.65 billion, VeriSign was acquired on May 19, 2010 for $1.250 billion, Altiris was acquired on April 6, 2007 for $1.038 billion, and Symantec purchased Veritas Software on July 2, 2005 for $13 billion. The deal with Veritas was Symantec's largest acquisition and made Symantec the fifth-largest software company in the world.[6] Symantec made the most acquisitions in 2004 with six: ON Technology, Brightmail, TurnTide, @stake, LIRIC Associates, and Platform Logic. The company divested its enterprise-security software business to Broadcom for $10.7 billion in 2019 and adopted the NortonLifeLock name.[7] On November 7, 2022, NortonLifeLock rebranded to Gen Digital after completed its merger with Avast in last September.[8]
Date Company Business Country Value (USD) References January 1, 1984 C&E Software Software United States — [9] July 8, 1987 Living Videotext Software United States — [10] October 26, 1987 Think Technologies Software United States — [11] September 4, 1990 Peter Norton Computing Computer software United States $70,000,000 [12] August 13, 1991 Zortech International Compiler software United Kingdom $12,100,000 [13] August 21, 1991 Dynamic Microprocessor Associates Computer software United States $22,000,000 [14] December 31, 1991 Leonard Development Group Computer programming United States — [15] April 4, 1992 Symantec UK Wholesale software United Kingdom $26,200,000 [16] June 9, 1992 MultiScope Debugging software United States $6,765,000 [17] June 9, 1992 Whitewater Group Programming tools United States $3,280,000 [18] October 9, 1992 Certus International Anti-virus software United States $3,260,000 [19] June 2, 1993 Contact Software International Management software United States $47,000,000 [20] October 7, 1993 Fifth Generation Systems Utilities software United States $43,250,000 [21] November 8, 1993 NetDistributor[note 1] Software United States — [22] November 8, 1993 Trik-Distributor Mgmt Utility[note 2] Management software United States — [23] December 31, 1993 DataEase Intl Inc-Cert Tech[note 3] Software United States $8,180,000 [24] January 13, 1994 Quest Development Data management software United States — [25] June 1, 1994 Central Point Software Utility software United States $62,960,000 [26] June 1, 1994 SLR Systems Software United States $2,300,000 [27] September 30, 1994 Intec Systems Mobile computing United States $1,610,000 [28] July 28, 1995 Sytron Computer peripheral United States — [29] November 22, 1995 Delrina Software Canada $378,080,000 [30] June 30, 1996 Fast Track Open network design United States $7,462,500 [31] June 4, 1998 Eastman Software-Storage Mgmt[note 4] Storage migration technology United States $10,000,000 [32] June 24, 1998 Binary Research Disk cloning technology New Zealand $27,500,000 [33] September 28, 1998 Intel Corp-Anti Virus Business[note 5] Anti-virus software United States — [34] March 30, 1999 Quarterdeck Utilities and community software United States $78,411,000 [35] July 21, 1999 Urlabs Internet software United States — [36] March 9, 2000 L-3 Commun Network Security[note 6] Security solutions United States $20,000,000 [37] December 18, 2000 AXENT Technologies Security solutions United States $988,066,000 [38] August 30, 2001 Lindner & Pelc Consult Computer consulting Germany — [39] July 2, 2002 Mountain Wave Enterprise security management United States $20,000,000 [40] August 6, 2002 SecurityFocus Cyber Intelligence United States $75,000,000 [41] August 19, 2002 Recourse Technologies Internet security United States $135,000,000 [42] August 19, 2002 Riptech Managed security United States $145,000,000 [43] April 17, 2003 Roxio-Goback Sys Recovery Ast[note 7] System recovery United States $13,000,000 [44] July 18, 2003 Nexland Internet access United States $19,600,000 [45] October 20, 2003 SafeWeb Inc Security and privacy United States $26,000,000 [46] December 8, 2003 PowerQuest Software United States $150,000,000 [47] February 17, 2004 ON Technology Network security software United States $101,110,000 [48] June 22, 2004 Brightmail Anti-spam software United States $370,000,000 [49] July 13, 2004 TurnTide Anti-spam software United States $28,000,000 [50] October 8, 2004 @stake Digital security United States $24,000,000 [51] October 11, 2004 LIRIC Associates Computer consulting United Kingdom — [52] December 13, 2004 Platform Logic Software United States — [53] May 16, 2005 XtreamLok Information Security Australia $17,873,000 [54][55][56] July 2, 2005 Veritas Software Business applications software United States $ 13,520,000,000 [57][58] October 4, 2005 WholeSecurity Security software United States $68,270,000 [55][59] October 7, 2005 Sygate Technologies Software United States $176,971,000 [55][60] January 6, 2006 BindView Network management software United States $220,716,000 [55][61] February 13, 2006 IMlogic IM protection software United States $90,700,000 [55][62] February 17, 2006 Relicore Management software United States $52,071,000 [55][63] November 20, 2006 Revivio Continuous data protection United States — [64] December 1, 2006 Company-i Information technology United Kingdom $37,000,000 [65][66] February 23, 2007 4FrontSecurity Risk management United States $7,000,000 [66][67] April 6, 2007 Altiris IT management software United States $ 1,038,238,000 [68][69] November 30, 2007 Vontu Data security software United States $350,000,000 [70][69] January 11, 2008 Transparent Logic Technologies Workflow optimization software United States $12,000,000 [66] April 18, 2008 AppStream Application Streaming United States $53,000,000 [71][72] June 6, 2008 SwapDrive Web-based software United States $124,000,000 [73][74] August 8, 2008 nSuite Technologies Desktop virtualization United States $20,000,000
[75][76]
October 6, 2008 PC Tools Utility software Australia $262,000,000 [74][77] November 14, 2008 MessageLabs SaaS Security Provider United Kingdom $630,000,000 [78][79] March 20, 2009 Mi5 Networks Web Security Gateway United States $18,000,000 [74][80] October 31, 2009 SoftScan SaaS Security Provider Denmark — [81] January 12, 2010 Gideon Technologies Information security United States — [82] June 4, 2010 PGP Corporation Data Encryption United States $300,000,000 [83] June 3, 2010 GuardianEdge Endpoint Data Protection United States $70,000,000 [83] May 19, 2010 VeriSign security business Authentication Services United States $ 1,280,000,000 [84] October 10, 2010 RuleSpace security business Web content categorization United States — [85] May 19, 2011 Clearwell Systems eDiscovery United States $390,000,000 [86] January 16, 2012 LiveOffice SaaS Archiving United States $115,000,000 [87] March 2, 2012 Odyssey Software Mobile Device Management United States $36,000,000 [88][89] April 2, 2012 Nukona Mobile Application Management United States $28,000,000
[90][91]
May 25, 2012 VeriSign Japan KK IT Security Software Japan — [92] July 18, 2013 PasswordBank Identity Management Spain — [93] May 28, 2014 NitroDesk Mobile Data Protection United States — [94] August 14, 2015 Blackfin Security Cyber Security Training United States — [95] June 12, 2016 Blue Coat Systems Cyber Security United States $ 4,650,000,000 [96][97] November 20, 2016 LifeLock Identity Theft Protection United States $ 2,300,000,000 [98] June 8, 2017 Watchful Software IT Security Software Portugal — [99] July 6, 2017 Fireglass Malware Prevention Israel $225,000,000 [100][101] July 11, 2017 Skycure Mobile Threat Defense United States $205,000,000 [102][101] November 6, 2017 SurfEasy, Inc. VPN Provider Canada $38,500,000 [103][104] November 5, 2018 Appthority Mobile Application Security United States — [105] November 5, 2018 Javelin Networks Active Directory Security Israel — [106] February 12, 2019 Luminate Secure Application Access Israel $200,000,000 [107] December 7, 2020 Avira Computer security software Germany $360,000,000 [108] August 11, 2021 Avast Computer security software Czech Republic $8,000,000,000 [109][110]
Date Company Business Country Value (USD) References May 27, 2010 Mocana Security United States N/A [111]
Date Company Business Country Value (USD) References July 24, 2000 Brightmail[note 8] Anti-spam software United States $18,000,000 [112] February 5, 2008 Huawei Tech Co Ltd-Telecom[note 9] Telecommunications China $150,000,000 [113] | ||||||
correct_foundationPlace_00048 | FactBench | 1 | 77 | https://www.manchesterdigital.com/post/intec-business-solutions/press-release-itek-computer-solutions-acquired-by-intec-business-solutions | en | Press Release: iTek Computer Solutions acquired by inTec Business Solutions | [
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] | null | [] | null | North West-based technology experts, inTec Business Solutions, is delighted to announce that they have secured iTek Computer Solutions based in Kendal, as part of their ambitious acquisition strategy. | en | /apple-touch-icon.png | Manchester Digital | https://www.manchesterdigital.com/post/intec-business-solutions/press-release-itek-computer-solutions-acquired-by-intec-business-solutions | North West-based technology experts, inTec Business Solutions, is delighted to announce that they have secured iTek Computer Solutions based in Kendal, as part of their ambitious acquisition strategy.
inTec Business Solutions is a highly experienced and entrepreneurial team building a network of telecoms and I.T. partners allowing them to expand their product and service portfolios, instantly transforming them into full-service ICT solutions providers. They specialise in the design, implementation and support of a range of Cloud services and business applications including IT managed services, IT infrastructure support, hosted collaboration and communication solutions.
iTek Computer Solutions are the sixth company to join the inTec family and bring with them a team of forward-thinking engineers who provide full I.T. expertise with in-depth cross sector experience. They offer innovative and reliable computer support and consultancy services to a range of successful businesses in South Cumbria and north Lancashire. Becoming a partner of inTec will further strengthen their offering, allowing them to expand their portfolio to include larger scale business optimisation solutions as well as a complete telecommunications offering.
iTek Managing Director, Ben Mitchinson commented:
"Myself and the team at iTek are delighted and excited to become the latest addition to the inTec technology group. Over the last 10 and a half years iTek has built up a professional, diverse and loyal customer base that we are very proud of. This deal will allow us to expand our current product and service offering to our clients, enabling iTek to develop and move to the next level with the aim of becoming an all-encompassing ICT solutions provider. iTek have built an excellent reputation within our local IT sector and inTec have an excellent reputation in the industry so this deal represents an exciting new chapter for iTek along with our employee’s and client’s."
The company join telephony specialists’ Hale Communications, Vision Corporate Services and Cheshire Business Services plus Cloud and I.T. experts CFM Hub and Titan Networks as part of the inTec Business Solutions group.
inTec Chairman, Simon Howitt, is pleased to welcome Ben and his team to the group. He commented:
“We are delighted to acquire iTek and that Ben has decided to join the group. We have been really impressed with Ben and his team and we look forward to working with them and growing the business."
With office locations in Altrincham, Birmingham, Stockport and Manchester, the group is on target to cover the whole of the UK in the next 24 months with specialist support functions across the country. In Q2, inTec will be moving their head office to a new state-of-the-art office based in the heart of Manchester city centre covering 4,000 square feet to allow for the aggressive growth strategy to continue.
inTec’s acquisition model stands out in the market. In all cases, they acquire a controlling interest but the partners identity and its management remain the same. inTec see this as a very important element in ensuring that customers immediately have trust and confidence in exploring technology solutions.
The group’s route to market differentiates it from other consultancies in the technology sector and makes it a compelling proposition for investors. They work with SMEs offering fully scalable digital technology solutions that can grow with their businesses.
Simon Howitt, explained inTec's objective is to bring together a network of telecoms providers who recognise the need to broaden their portfolios but do not have the resources to achieve their ambitions to become one-stop-shop communication and technology providers, and thereby add value to their businesses. He said:
“Our acquisition model stands out in the market. In all cases, we acquire a controlling interest, but the partners identity and its management remain the same. We see this as a very important element in ensuring that customers immediately have trust and confidence in exploring technology solutions. We give companies the ability to offer technology solutions and consulting services to their customers immediately, without having to invest their time and resources into building the necessary skill sets in house. The partnership is a 2-way benefit. Our partners get access to the technology skills, consulting resources and full back office support necessary to grow their businesses (including Finance, Customer Relationship Management, Marketing, Billing, Leasing, HR) and we gain a loyal customer base that has been developed and nurtured over several years. It’s a win-win situation for all parties.”
inTec can deliver technology that keeps up with the evolving digital landscape and help companies deploy solutions to compete more effectively. The future looks bright for the inTec network who continue to revolutionise specialist support services for SMEs.
Simon Howitt added:
“I am delighted that we continue to enhance our impressive partner portfolio and am looking forward to welcoming other new partners throughout 2020. It’s such an exciting and interesting time for all of our partners. Watch this space for more developments!” | ||||
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] | null | [] | 2011-06-20T06:30:36+00:00 | The Case For Compaq Mediation Technology Hp - Download as a PDF or view online for free | en | https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/favicon.7bc3d920.ico | SlideShare | https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/the-case-for-compaq-mediation-technology-hp/8362890 | 1. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Executive Summary 2. The Telecom environment is changing. 3. Tomorrow’s Telecom Challenges 4. Mediation Meets Those Challenges 5. How Telecom Companies Will Benefit • Network Management Functions • Marketing Functions • Sales Functions • Customer Services Functions • Financial Management Functions • Legal and Regulatory Functions 6. Compaq – Your Total Solution Provider • Mediation Partners • Storage Area Networks • ZLE 7. Customer Success Stories • Verizon and TU-KA Cellular Tokyo • Intec and ITXC • KPN Mobile • Comptel Benchmarking Study Mediation 1 Compaq Telecom
2. 8. References Mediation 2 Compaq Telecom
3. MEDIATION – MANY PATHS TO INCREASED REVENUE Executive Summary The evolution from 2g to 3G means more data. Carriers will want to save, organize, and use that data for business advantage, and they can. However, on their way to capitalizing on the 3G opportunity, they will face challenges. • An increase in the volume of data so vast that it threatens to overwhelm them. • Demand for value-added services that virtually require new billing systems. • Portfolios differentiated only by the carrier’s SLAs and QoS standards. • An unquenchable need for speed. • The challenge of integrating data coming in from multiple vendors and platforms bound for constantly evolving downstream applications. Compaq’s mediation solutions enable our customers to generate revenues from their networks amounting to tens of billions of dollars every year, and we help them do it quickly, accurately, reliably, and cost-effectively. Our business success is based on providing our customers with operational support systems (OSS) that help make business activities more profitable and more manageable. Mediation 3 Compaq Telecom
4. THE TELECOM ENVIRONMENT IS CHANGING It is early in the new millennium, but already the telecommunications industry finds itself confronted by a sea change. Voice and IP data are converging, and with that convergence comes a more complicated and demanding telecom environment. Until recently that environment was safely 2G, meaning that it focused largely on transporting voice traffic over existing wired and wireless networks. Back office systems needed only to record data and bill for voice events. However, 2.5G and 3G are coming and with them the mandate to transport value- added content over those same networks. Consumers, after all, are going mobile. From CDMA to GPRS systems, they are already beginning to download all kinds of information onto their mobile appliances – weather and traffic reports, email, driving directions, and more. From PSTN products via SMS to mobile commerce, IP services are increasing, and the data is flowing. Obviously, 3G brings with it a mountain of data. Some reports indicate as much as ten times the amount of data currently in the system. As a carrier, you will want to save, organize, and ultimately use that data to create business advantage, and there are many business advantages to be had. The wireless IP billing market alone is expected to leap from $94.6 million in 2001 to $855.7 million in 2005. However, between where now and then lie some challenges. Sidebar: GPRS (General Packet Radio Services) is the enabling technology that bridges between the current GSM– based (Global System Mobile) mobile networks and the next generation UMTS–based (Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service) mobile networks. With data transmission rates of 115 kbps, GPRS is optimized for ‘bursty’ datacom services such as mobile Internet access, multimedia, and instant messaging. Mediation 4 Compaq Telecom
5. TOMORROW’S TELECOM CHALLENGES Dramatic Increase in Data Volume How will you avoid information overload? Carriers want to make sense out of the information they have – and soon they will have much more of it. In fact, carriers may have an information overload and maintenance problem. Increasing use of mobile technology has already increased the volume of CDRs. The launch of new 3G services with its IP component will multiply the volume of EDRs. And it isn’t just the volume. Data will arrive from more and varied sources. Ultimately, carriers must decide what gets stored and for how long. After all, they are responsible for making sure that they can handle their business. Clearly, they will need new, more flexible, ways to capture, store and transport data. Usage Based Billing for Value Added Services How will you use the new data to develop revenue? How will carriers charge for a value-add service? What is it worth to check on the weather or download a Webpage? These are billable events, but they will be billed very differently from the standard voice call. Billing for content requires a transition from flat rate to usage-based billing. In order to make that transition, you must be able to see individual account records at a higher level of granularity. Even with flat-rate billing, carriers still need some of the ‘who, what, when, where and why’ information that is in the transaction record to understand how customers are doing business. To provide true CRM (Customer Relationship Management), they will need to see into the calling pattern, history and habits. Only then can they determine service levels, pricing strategies and solutions. Service Level Agreements/Quality of Service How will you meet customer’s standards for excellence? Service levels and service at a specified price will be a major concern of the end-user. If specific service levels are not met, carriers will be forced to issue QoS (Quality of Service) credits/discounts, based on SLA’s (Service Level Agreements). Resolving the inevitable disputes will require access to granular detail data, such as that provided by EDRs. Mediation 5 Compaq Telecom
6. The Need for Speed How fast can you actually use the customer information you have? Data has traditionally been batched and processed within a 30-day window. For carriers, that delay between a customer phone call and billing for that call is fertile ground for fraud. However, if a company operates in real time, the fraud window narrows. Further, customer service agents need immediate access to customer information to solve problems, address complaints as soon as they happen and make adjustments. And what about cash flow? As we have said, the payment channel can be 60 days long, resulting in cash flow problems. Carriers will want to offer their customers the ability to use real-time data with their customers also. Retailers (especially electronic retailers) need to integrate all customer touch points in real time, including instore, web and catalog tracking to keep their inventory up-to-date. Carriers also need real-time insight into the operational and traffic statistics of a customer’s network. By so doing, they can dynamically allocate bandwidth and assign QoS on a per-application basis Integration Issues with Legacy Systems How do you pull al this together for seamless service? The merging of new applications and system elements with existing network architecture will create integration issues on several fronts. • Data records entering tomorrow’s network from many trading partners will arrive in many different formats. As yet, there is no standard for EDRs. Therefore, the trick is to capture that information from the network or network element in a format that’s usable. • Advances in Internet technology will create other integration issues as IPv6 (Internet Version 6) is launched, especially while standards are evolving. • Carriers will need to integrate legacy billing solutions and evolving networks. What tools and services can carriers use to save them from information overload, provide the level of detail needed for billing and customer service and provide the needed integration? MEDIATION MEETS THE CHALLENGE Mediation 6 Compaq Telecom
7. The word ‘mediation’ comes from the Latin and means ‘to be in the middle’, from the Latin word medius. Mediation systems sit between the network infrastructure and downstream applications. Traditionally, their role has been to handle one type of data, entering the system from one source and bound for one downstream path to a billing application. Increasingly, however, they must capture information from several network elements (switches, the Internet, etc.) and then store, review, sort, abstract and send it on to several downstream applications. The more reliable this information is, the better carriers can utilize it to boost competitiveness and revenue assurance. Carriers need a mechanism by which they can integrate all their interactions with diverse sources seamlessly. The typical way of meeting this business need is by customer developing a centralized and redundant repository of all the available resources. However, this is a manual, rigid approach that is both expensive and results in loss of scalability as the number of services grows over time. A better solution is mediation technology. Independent mediation has been in use since the early 1980s. But the 3G challenge requires a new generation of data mediation systems with new capability to meet new challenges. Today’s mediation systems lack the functionality to handle even today’s modest requirements; they certainly can’t handle tomorrow’s. Next Generation Mediation is Different Sidebar: Best in class mediation products will include not only next generation mediation functionality, but also SAN storage with ZLE technology for speed. [Editors note to printer: insert this sidebar here.] Carriers need a new generation of mediation systems. Legacy systems and next generation systems differ in three significant ways: • Current systems are based on frame relay, switched or cable telephone networks. They forward data from CDRs (call detail records) to, mostly, billing applications. Next generation systems also process packet-based IP data or EDRs (event data records). • Current mediation systems were designed using a 1-to-1 pipeline configuration. That is, there was one data source (usually a cable or switch) leading to one back-office application (usually billing). Next generation systems must collate information from multiple systems (routers, web servers, authentication servers) and vendors, generate EDRs for every session and export all relevant information to multiple downstream applications (billing, CRM) for value added services such as CRM, QoS, SLAs. Mediation 7 Compaq Telecom
8. • The new system must also offer real-time processing for value added services such as CRM, billing-on- demand and fraud protection. Mediation 8 Compaq Telecom
9. The SANs Storage Advantage for Mediation SANs (Storage Area Networks) are the key to unrestricted data access and thus efficient use of data. Conventional data storage can scatter business information over several servers or attached external disks. That makes it hard to access. On the other hand, SANs offer unrestricted data access as they create one data pool and simultaneously share that data pool across all servers and systems. Add ‘any-to-any’ connectivity between servers and storage, and companies can now organize and manage data as an independent resource. SANs are faster and easier to scale than conventional storage, with no downtime. Given the uncertainty of 3G, carriers will surely need to adjust mediation formats and rules as things evolve. Furthermore, imagine the sudden popularity of a new service and the influx of new customers. With traditional storage, scaling to handle this happy event could create a performance bottleneck. A carrier could decide to hold back future new offerings because the mediation system can’t handle it. That could mean losing competitive advantage. But with a modular design SAN, part of the initial design choice is the planning for new configurations. So, an increase in business won’t disrupt the business. Businesses are always looking to lower costs and achieve better service levels at the same time. In the past, these two goals often conflicted. However, these advancements in storage technology, along with dramatic declines in storage pricing now make this a win-win reality. The value that SANs hold for mediation systems cannot be overstated. What is a SAN? Traditional Server Storage Storage Area Network (SAN) • Internal drives or directly attached external disks • Centralized data pool shared across any to store data number of servers and systems • Business critical information is often scattered • Business critical information stored in one over a large number of servers common pool for easy management and higher availability • Limits an organization’s flexibility to access their • Provides access across entire operation via information ‘any-to-any” connectivity between servers and storage Mediation 9 Compaq Telecom
10. The Zero Latency Enterprise (ZLE) Advantage for Mediation ZLE provides a real-time architecture for collecting, synchronizing, routing and caching information drawn from a full range of telecommunications operational systems. Consolidated information is instantly delivered to where it can do the most good. Consequently, every transaction is instantly visible across the enterprise and can be acted on immediately. Customer service agents, for example, have a single, unified view of the customer that enables them to enhance the customer experience with assistance and attractive offers that are highly personalized. As hyper-competitive markets such as telecommunications increase the speed of business, they need to also accelerate the internal flow of information. That makes zero latency a business imperative. By integrating all data and applications throughout the enterprise, the ZLE framework offers several compelling advantages for telecommunications companies. • Ensures that all applications are using the same current data, leading to improved customer service • Puts data to work instantly in a real-time environment from which valuable business information can be derived with sub-second latency for rapid response and operational agility. • Enables telcos to move quickly to deploy new high-volume, real-time enabled applications that are insulated (for scalability and reliability) from existing applications by the central architecture. What is a zero latency enterprise? A zero latency enterprise describes an organization that deploys data throughout the organization almost immediately after it is created in any area of the enterprise. In a zero latency enterprise environment, formerly costly and time-consuming manual processes are executed by IT systems in near real-time. Data processing is transformed from an operational necessity into a strategic asset that yields faster response time, better service, and greater business intelligence. Mediation 10 Compaq Telecom
11. The Gartner Group coined term ‘zle’, meaning ‘zero latency enterprise’‘ or no delay’. Carriers need “no delay” between creating data and being able to use it. Compaq has adopted ZLE as the brand name for its zero latency products. ZLE is now considered such a strategic imperative that eleven of the world’s largest service providers recently participated in a study conducted by the Gartner Group. The results? The companies studied said that a real-time CRM program would significantly improve the customer experience and reduce customer turnover from 5-15%. For these companies, that improvement alone would yield an increase in profitability of up to 15%. By introducing a zle-based billing on demand solution, companies believe they can effectively increase revenue by 2-3%/year. With instant access to credit and account information, they can reduce fraud by more than 50%. By linking separate systems into a single system, companies can reduce information processing costs by 5% to 35%. TELECOM COMPANIES WILL BENEFIT Telecom companies will reap the benefits of mediation solutions across the board as new systems serve all major organizational functions, both front and back-office. For revenues to rise, billing must be done right. But IP data will contain more than billing information. Even with flat-rate billing only, carriers still need some of the who's, what's, when's, where's, and whys information that is in the transaction record to continue to understand how customers are doing business. Next Generation mediation systems will need to transform raw data collected from the network layers into a service-level profile of each end-user in order to determine service levels, pricing strategies and solutions. Next generation mediation systems also have additional useful functionality for a number of other front and back-end systems such as OSS. Mediation 11 Compaq Telecom
12. For a description of the benefit to be derived from each function, see the sections following. They discuss how each function will benefit - network management, marketing, sales, customer services, finance, legal and regulatory. Mediation 12 Compaq Telecom
13. THE NETWORK MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT WILL BENEFIT A serious beneficiary of real time data, this entire department’s effectiveness and ability to adapt to specific conditions could evolve from a reactive approach to a proactive approach on faults, service restoration and general network monitoring. From the network perspective, mediation works from two directions – provisioning subscribers and activating services for them and then collecting usage information from the network. Service Assurance/Quality of Service SLAs are guarantees of service quality and related support. They usually have financial penalty clauses that keep the carrier focused on delivering the agreed contractual service, within the prescribed time constraints. To comply, carriers must rely on accurately assessing the impact of network events. Large-scale failures of networks can have a dramatic effect on certain time-sensitive and telephony-reliant businesses such as commodity trading or real-time market data companies. Using real-time data correctly ensures accurate load balancing between the network access points and reduction of inbound/outbound line blocking. Using historic data, carriers can now pro-actively plan for capacity on certain switches before it becomes an issue for customers. By determining requirements, carriers can anticipate the effect of large congregations of customers “blitzing” a mobile network and adjust the network to suit the traffic profiles as they happen. Picture the following scenario. A user initiates a video conference call under a QoS agreement. Dissatisfied with a noisy connection, they terminate the call and contact customer service. In order to address the problem, customer service must be able to verify the poor connection. Using data supplied in real-time by the mediation system, the CSR finds the detail she needs to compensate this customer. Meanwhile, the mediation system continues to reformat the same data for later export to a billing system or trading partner. Mediation 13 Compaq Telecom
14. Planning & Analysis for Network Capacity The mediation layer resolves technical incompatibility issues and makes it easier for carriers to commercially launch new services by providing one management interface in a multi-vendor network, instant service provisioning, and modularity that ensures constant operability, even during upgrades. Mediation centralizes all network data onto a single platform and makes it available to users and other applications across the entire Carrier enterprise. The data can be used to identify bottlenecks and over-utilization of the network. “The winners in the world of mobile-Internet will be those who can manage new networks, not just build them.” ICD Mediation 14 Compaq Telecom
15. THE MARKETING DEPARTMENT WILL BENEFIT Reduce Churn Customer churn is a common, complex and difficult to solve problem. However, marketing departments can use next generation mediation systems to reduce churn in three important ways: • Provide customer service agents access to network quality information. • Identify behavior that generally leads to defections. • Rapidly identify customers who are about to defect and initiate win-back programs within 48 hours. Historical data on lost customers often holds the key to predicting churn. It is possible to apply propensity models that establish patterns and relationships in customer behavior that clearly predict customer churn. For instance, specific events like changes in call patterns and decreases in volume are often good indicators of potential churn. Spotting this change in behavior before the customer contracts with another supplier is vital, as it is then possible to take proactive, preventative action. To acquire a new customer costs 7-10 times more than retaining an existing one. Yankee Fine Tune Marketing Campaigns In-flight In-flight campaign tuning means monitoring changes in behavior during a campaign so that you can refine the marketing campaign while it is still running. The marketer of the near future will monitor campaign response as it comes into the call center or the Website and refine the messages and target audience as required. The days of Mediation 15 Compaq Telecom
16. waiting for several weeks or months for response figures will simply cease to exist. The direct marketer may perform almost like a Wall Street trader – getting real time data from terminals, applying propensity-modeling techniques to the data and acting immediately on the output. Launch and Monitor Products Continuously reviewing and monitoring product usage and sales performance allows product managers to enhance or withdraw products at the optimum time and provides the ability to analyze the impact of bundling and pricing changes. Mediation 16 Compaq Telecom
17. THE SALES DEPARTMENT WILL BENEFIT Actively implementing the marketing vision, the sales department is often closest to the customer. By capturing customer information and combining it with real time customer behavior, mediation provides a new level of business intelligence. Ensure That All Revenue is Counted– never lose an EDR Revenue assurance in this context means 100% accreditation for every dollar that customers spend. It is essential that sales directors ensure that all sales are accounted for. Mismanagement of sales-related information is viewed as a key failing in this role. Most problems are caused by disparate switching and information platforms, volumes of data, and the inherent delays caused by poor integration. Different switch platforms create an issue in standardizing data and inevitably some information is lost in the translation. Integrated mediation solves the disparate platform and volume issues immediately. It also soles the problem of poor integration by ensuring that the links to downstream applications are robust and complete. Cross-sell and Up-sell Data analysis and profiling allows sales departments to proactively move customers into services that best match their usage profiles. Image this example: A customer tries repeatedly to call home on a mobile telephone. The number is busy. Three busy calls to the same number triggers a campaign to sell a ring back service. What if we could ensure that our existing customers bought more because usage data was used to trigger up-sell and cross-sell contacts? ? Mediation 17 Compaq Telecom
18. Reduce Route Defection Route defection in corporate sales is the loss of a specific calling profile from a regular, established behavioral pattern. Identifying that a customer is about to defect can be relatively simple, given the right type of data. With a real time feed of call data, when an unexpected fall in traffic is determined the likelihood of defection is high and action must be taken to prevent loss of other routes. Mediation systems can detect the telltale sign of service usage drop before it is too late. US organizations lose half their customers every five years and only one in twelve customers return. THE CUSTOMER SERVICES DEPARTMENT WILL BENEFIT The support of existing customers provides extremely useful information that A customer typically complements direct sales activities. Understanding the customer’s issues as interacts with a company NINE (9) well as the customer himself enables agents to counter many complaints on times for every ONE (1) completed the spot. What was initially a difficult, defensive dialogue could potentially be transaction. turned into a positive cross-selling/up-selling opportunity, where the customer believes that they are receiving an enhanced level of service. 3.1 Bill in Real-time or on Demand This application area is a ‘win-win’ for carrier and customer alike. Both parties are able to bypass the conventional billing cycle by using real time records online. The carrier gets settlement more promptly, thus aiding cash flow, and the customer is able to manage the time of the payment to their convenience. For example, the customer may request that a limit be placed on the level of spend within any given time period. The carrier can measure calls against this threshold in real-time and alert the customer when they are approaching the threshold. Mediation 18 Compaq Telecom
19. Many suppliers of billing systems do not have the ability to link into ALL of the network interfaces in anywhere near real time. Therefore the statement of account that the customer views is potentially out of date or incomplete. Mediation systems using rating and zero latency technology have the flexibility and real-time capability to single source the entire bill-related data. Threshold management is automated. The result is improved cash flow from the impact of more prompt payments. Handle Customer Complaints The ability to provide a real time, single view of the customer is essential to problem solving in the face of customer complaints. For example, consider a user who has subscribed to a high level of QoS but who cannot really get a connection at the subscribed QoS. Dissatisfied with the network connection, he calls the CSR. The CSR looks at the EDR generated for the session and verifies the QoS that the subscriber actually used. If it is inferior, the subscriber gets a discount. A large Carrier uses this approach to route specific calls through to the same agent that a customer has spoken to on previous occasions. This continuity ensures a more effective resolution to any outstanding issues and positions the Carrier well for future dialogues. Mediation 19 Compaq Telecom
20. FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT WILL BENEFIT Measure Customer Profitability Finance is the hub around which all actions revolve. It is becoming clear that not all minutes are of equal value. Thus, you must understand which minutes contribute to profitability. Even large Carrier’s have limited resources, and investment opportunities outstrip your ability to deliver them. Detect Fraud Fraud is a big problem – about US$10 Billion. The problem is rising at 10% - 15% annually. This equates to large fixed line carriers losing 3% - 7% of their total revenue to fraud. Cellular carriers often experience 5% - 15% loss. Now, with a zero-latency solution, you can detect fraud instantly via instant access to credit and account information. Add to that the ability to set parameters in real time and you may be able to reduce fraud by more than 50%. Mediation with ZLE can detect certain types of fraud in real-time e.g. cloning, geography and threshold violations or call collision/overlap. For example, call collision/overlap (the identification of two simultaneous calls from different locations) could be handled with an immediate suspension of service or diverting the call to a customer services center. Geography and threshold violations could also be dealt with more effectively by adding an element of automation to the process. Control Financial Exposure Keeping a tight control on credit limits can be challenging if your finance department does not have direct access to real time data. Striking a balance between draconian and overly accommodating policies is difficult to achieve. Mediation provides an ideal real time, analytical environment for Credit and Risk Management. Each customer can be monitored separately and treated according to specific, pre-agreed metrics. Mediation 20 Compaq Telecom
21. On the surface, pre-paid mobile phones have solved some of these credit issues. The growth of pre-paid telephony has been phenomenal. The UK alone has in excess of 4 Million prepaying telephony customers who were previously unable to obtain credit or wanted to control their spending. Mediation 21 Compaq Telecom
22. THE LEGAL AND REGULATORY FUNCTIONS WILL BENEFIT How much could you gain from getting a product approved and to market one month earlier than expected? Perhaps millions of dollars over a twelve-month period! Regulatory and governmental bodies throughout the world are increasingly involved in the shaping and monitoring of modern Carrier’s. Security agencies are actively seeking assistance with calling patterns relating to crime and fraud. This often requires real time information from a variety of sources in order to establish specific connections and potentially related activities. One large Carrier has such an infrastructure in place and recently used it to crack a drug ring by working closely with the local police force over a period of three months. The level of work involved was minimal. The extra requests for information were simply scheduled and automated accordingly. The drug ring in question generated approximately $50 million dollars per year in illegal revenue. This was terminated in one early morning swoop on several households. Mediation provided the bulk of the required information and intelligence. Security Government agencies and police forces are becoming increasingly demanding of the larger Carrier’s, regularly requesting live information on specific activities. Armed with this real time information, the agencies and security forces are able to provide a speedy reaction to events as and when they actually happen rather than the following day or week when it may simply be too late. Does your Carrier have the right technology to allow this type of analysis and alarm capability without interrupting day to day operations? Mediation 22 Compaq Telecom
23. Regulatory Reporting Organizations like the FCC also require fast responses to specific queries. Industry regulators can be very taxing on a large Carrier when considering the potential market impact of new tariffs/services and the potential impact. The ability to proactively drive the regulatory authorities ensures that the control of certain situations is in the hands of the Carrier and not the Carrier’s competition or the regulator. It puts the pressure back on the competition and drains their resources. How much overhead can be placed on the competition by ensuring that they are constantly reacting to price changes rather than generating their own ideas? Mediation 23 Compaq Telecom
24. THE COMPAQ HISTORY WITH TELECOM The prime movers in the wireless market are carriers. These companies are building the vast public networks that will serve us for years into the future. Increasingly, however, carriers are turning to computer companies to help build these new networks. Why? Because computer companies have the necessary digital technology which is standards-based and therefore flexible, high performing and low cost. It sometimes surprises people to learn that Compaq is not just a PC company. For 25 years it has provided the core technology that drives many of the major wireless services in the world. Over the years, our customers have included: • AT&T • Verizon • Sprint • British Telecom • France Telecom • Deutsche Telecom • China Unicom To those customers, we have provided: • Roaming technology for wireless services to 70 million mobile customers • Fraud management solutions that protect 90 million users • Network management solutions for more than 120 phone companies around the world. • The solutions that power almost all the 800 numbers in the United States. Today, Compaq Telecom has much to offer the carrier with mediation needs: • Over 100 mediation customers worldwide. • An application portfolio including such leaders as Comptel, Intec and Verizon UMS. • A diverse operating systems portfolio including NSK, Tru64, Linux, and Windows NT • A turnkey solution including implementation, consulting, support and training • Systems pre-configured to the customers specifications Mediation 24 Compaq Telecom
25. COMPAQ – YOUR TOTAL SOLUTION PROVIDER Solution Part #1 - Compaq’s Partners Our portfolio partners provide mediation solutions operating on Compaq AlphaServers, NonStop Himalaya and Proliant servers. These fine companies have the distinction of being Platinum Partners based on the strategic importance of their relationship with Compaq. Comptel (HEX:CTL1V). is the global market leader in mediation solutions. Through their local offices and the extensive partner network they have established a truly global presence serving over 200 customers in 56 countries worldwide, including Omnipoint/Vodaphone of Italy with 15 million subscribers. Headquartered in Helsinki, Finland, Comptel is listed on the Helsinki Exchange. Running on Compaq’s Tru64 operating system and the AlphaServer platform, Comptel’s Mediation Device Solutions (MDS) is a leading solution in the field of independent mediation devices. Utilizing an Oracle database structure, this solution is comprised of both billing and mediation functionality and service activation features in great demand among fixed and mobile network operators. For more information, visit www.comptel.com. Intec Telecom Systems (LSE:ITL) provides fundamental revenue assurance technologies such as Inter-mediatE convergent mediation and InterconnecT inter-carrier billing, to the telecommunications industry. Clients include the world's biggest carriers, such France Telecom, and Verizon (for whom they handle 600 million CDRs/day). Their global reach serves 200 customers in over 30 countries. INTEC is a FTSE 250 company. For more information, visit www.intec-telecom-systems.com. Intec’s Inter-mediatE modular solution is a high-volume, convergent solution that collects, processes and distributes data from circuit- and packet-based networks. it utilizes a proprietary database structure reporting through oracle and supports English, Spanish and French languages. Installed at over 85 customer sites across 5 Mediation 25 Compaq Telecom
26. continents, customers include large carriers processing over 7,850 million records/day down to start-ups processing only 10,000 records/day. Packaged with the Compaq AlphaServer and Tru64 operating system, it accepts any record format from any network element and interfaces with any billing solution. For more information on the Compaq AlphaServer, visit our online showroom at http://www.compaq.com/alphaserver/ Mediation 26 Compaq Telecom
27. Verizon Communications (NYSE:VZ) is the largest provider of wireline and wireless communications in the United States, with 132.1 million access line equivalents and 29.4 million wireless customers. A Fortune 10 company with more than $67 billion in annual revenues and 240,000 employees, Verizon's global reach covers more than 40 countries incuding Japan where they process over 300 million CDRs/day for KDDI-Japan. The Usage Management System (UMS) from Verizon Data Services is a high-volume, high-velocity system that automates data collection from the most sophisticated networks. At the heart of UMS are three robust modules: a flexible mediation system, a user-friendly, rules-based development tool, and a complete pre-billing solution. The UMS operates on Compaq’s Himalaya NonStop platform and integrates with any billing solution. For more information on the Nonstop Himalaya Servers visit our online showroom at http://www.compaq.com/showroom. For more information on Verizon, visit them at www.verizon.com. Compaq Mediation Business Advantages Feature Benefit • Fault Tolerance • Permanent availability of business critical information • Common mediation across switching • Lower overall cost and single version of the platform truth • Handles convergent networks – wireline, • Lower overall cost and single pint of reference wireless, and ATM • No pre-set billing cycles • Cash flow, margins and customer service can be improved • Real-time output • Customer and network intelligence is available for those that need it, when they need it. • Mixed workload • Lower overall cost of implementation/ongoing management and Mediation 27 Compaq Telecom
28. better overall performance. • True scalability • Protects initial investment and levels out capital expenditure spikes. Solution Part #2 - Compaq SAN Storage Compaq San storage has been hailed repeatedly as the industry leader in SAN storage solutions. Our special advantages include: • Unlimited capacity and scalable performance through modular RAID Storage units. • Supports up to 100 km in a single long distance segment for a fibre-channel SAN • Support for Internet Protocol (IP) by seamlessly integrating IP connectivity with SAN fiber channel. • Do-it-yourself configuration tools and templates that save setup costs and time. • Downtime-free expansion allowing businesses to add servers or reconfigure applications without interrupting normal daily operations. Compaq Enterprise Storage is the number one global storage solutions supplier. According to studies published in August 2001 by Gartner Dataquest and IDC, customers continue to turn to Compaq in large numbers for the value and reliability of their enterprise storage products. Compaq is one of only two storage vendors in the Leadership Quadrant of Gartner's highly regarded ''SAN Integrator Magic Quadrant'' analysis. Mediation 28 Compaq Telecom
29. "With its new StorageWorks ”Enterprise” products, Compaq remains the leader in the modular system storage market, and is the largest storage vendor and the largest SAN vendor based on capacity shipments". Gartner, Jan 2002 Source: The Magic Quadrant is copyrighted June 2001 by Gartner, Inc. and is reused with permission. Gartner’s permission to print its Magic Quadrant should not be deemed to be an endorsement of any company or product depicted in the quadrant. The Magic Quadrant is Gartner’s opinion and is an analytical representation of a marketplace at and for a specific time period. It measures vendors against Gartner-defined criteria for a marketplace. The positioning of vendors within a Magic Quadrant is based on the complex interplay of many factors. Well- informed vendor selection decisions should rely on more than a Magic Quadrant. Gartner Research is intended to be one of many information sources and the reader should not rely solely on the Magic Quadrant for decision-making. Gartner expressly disclaims all warranties, express or implied of fitness of this research for a particular purpose Mediation 29 Compaq Telecom
30. “For us, the improvements in moving to the Compaq StorageWorks SAN were so obvious that we never looked back; we never gave it a second thought. It was evident from the beginning that we had made the right choice.” Chip Register, senior vice president and CIO, Resource Bancshares Mortgage Group, Inc. In the above diagram of a SAN Configuration, the data stored on the Compaq StorageWorks RAID arrays can be presented to multiple servers and heterogeneous platforms. As more servers and switches are added to a SAN fabric, the resulting configuration, known as a topology, can be optimized for a large variety of needs. This support may include future migration, data locality, accessibility, disaster tolerance, performance workloads, geographic layout and scalability. Compaq’s leadership in SANs is demonstrated in many ways. With Compaq, new technology serves as a business solution, and not just a technical advance. For example, Compaq’s storage arrays use a cutting edge modular design that allows for rapid expansion with NO downtime. Even during periods of exceptional growth, normal business functions are never compromised. For more information on Compaq Telecom storage products and services, visit our website at http://www.compaq.com/services/storage/st_raid.html. For more information on the implementation of storage solutions, see us at this address: http://www.compaq.com/services/storage/st_implementation.html Mediation 30 Compaq Telecom
31. Mediation 31 Compaq Telecom
32. Solution Part #3 - Compaq Zero Latency Enterprise (ZLE) Technology Compaq’s ZLE is an integrated solution combining a zero latency engine – encompassing all of Compaq’s core server platforms – with the software components needed to provide instant access to a single, integrated operational data store. Compaq ZLE technology removes all the barriers to rapid deployment of your business-critical information. Among the obstacles are ‘application islands’ – applications that are poorly integrated into the enterprise or sometimes not integrated at all. These can include packaged, custom or legacy applications or a combination. Because they often require costly and time-consuming manual processes before they can interface with the rest of the organization, they are left isolated, creating bottlenecks that compromise response time and the value of the data. After all, data that you can’t reach when you need it isn’t worth much. Compaq’s ZLE technology removes that barrier by combining ODS (operational data store) with world-class EAI software to create an engine (the Compaq Interaction Manager) that both pushes and pulls data from a central database to create a unique framework for application integration, e-commerce and CRM. Compaq’s ZLE solutions for telecommunications are field proven to work in the most demanding business environments. Compaq teamed with major telecommunications companies to create a realistic scenario so large that it would tax any other system beyond its capacity. But the Compaq solution was able to add 1.2 billion CDRs to a NonStop Himalaya server database every day – and keep them online for 90 days! The scale is unprecedented. The engine itself integrates all of Compaq’s core server platforms, including a 128-processor NonStop Himalaya server, Tru64Unix GS140 AlphaServers, and Windows NT-based ProLiant 7000 OLAP servers, and a cluster of ProLiant 1850 data mining servers. This scenario demonstrates the Compaq advantage: • Unlimited scalability to handle absolutely any size workload. • The NonStop SQL software is the only dtabase that can support concurrent transaction processing and data mining. • ZLE solutions are individually engineered using a life-cycle methodology. • ZLE solutions are built to operate in an open-standards environment, allowing carriers to deploy them on a mix of systems Mediation 32 Compaq Telecom
33. “The zero latency product offers a flexible and cost effective solution for pulling queries from various data sources with minimal investments to reconfigure the environment.” Evelyn Follit, senior vice president and CIO, Tandy Corporation/Radio Shack For more information on our ZLE solution, see us at this address on the Internet: http://telecom.compaq.com/solutions. Solution Part #4 - Compaq Award-winning Integration Services Today, carriers need a total solution provider who can deliver both services and products integrated with all applications and platforms. In the past, the carrier knew that they would have to integrate the solution into their own network system themselves. Today competition in the telecom sector is so fierce that they must concentrate on retaining current customers and searching for new ones. Thus, they need a turnkey solution. To meet specific requirements, carriers may choose from a range of services including: • Data Integration • Data Mining • User Access Integration • Enterprise Application Integration • Hardware and Software Integration • Performance Assurance for your entire solution • Ongoing Project Management • Disaster Tolerance planning • Security Management. For a ZLE solution, Compaq Global Services can help you reduce risk, time, and costs by employing our expertise and the rigorous methodologies of our ZLE Implementation service: Mediation 33 Compaq Telecom
34. Plan Design Implement Manage Support Strategic Implementation Business Exploration Architecture Blueprint Integrated Business consulting and Proof of Concept Deployment IT Operations Critical BPR with Architecture Pilot Performance Management Support Scan Assurance 24 x 7 Business goals IT and business Rapid, Stable availability and direction strategic Proven low-risk operation alignment architecture implementation Figure # : The life cycle of Compaq Global Services for ZLE spans planning, design, implementation, management and support. Compaq Global Services continues to be recognized for excellence by customers, partners, industry organizations, and publications worldwide. Our awards and honors reflect our dedication, technical expertise, professionalism, and commitment to customer satisfaction. For more information, see us at http://www.compaq.com/services/awards/index.html. Mediation 34 Compaq Telecom
35. CUSTOMER SUCCESS STORIES Compaq Telecom products have served thousands of carrier customers worldwide. Here are just a few of their stories. TU-KA Cellular Tokyo/Verizon Rise to the Challenge Verizon customer TU-KA Cellular Tokyo offers service to Japan’s Pacific Belt Zone. They have watched their customer base skyrocket to 1,150 million customers, necessitating an infrastructure that would support the increased call volumes and record call histories, tally charges and adjust rate plans. The existing system processed both rating and billing operations on a single mainframe system that hampered TU-KA’s attempt to get competitive rates plans into the market swiftly and flexibly. They needed a system with the ability to process massive amounts of accurate tasks online at almost real time. After a detailed search of foreign and domestic computer companies, TU-KA Cellular Tokyo elected to support their new rating system – TUBASA – with UMS software from Verizon operating on the Compaq NonStop Himalaya platform. This solution has greatly increased the efficiency of the billing operations by offloading mediation and rating from the mainframe billing system. The CDR is now sent from the switch system directly to UMS mediation which checks enormous volumes of data in order to calculate each customer’s charge based on day of the week, time of day, customer rates plan and other variables. While the new capability is great, the best news is that the mediation system sends the information onto the mainframe billing system within 30 minutes of receipt of the call data. For more information on TU-KA, see their website at http://www.kddi.com/english. Mediation 35 Compaq Telecom
36. ITXC/INTEC Blaze New Trails over the Internet In just four years of operation, ITXC has become the largest US-based dedicated wholesale carrier of international phone calls. The company ranks among the top 20 carriers of any kind in the world based on minutes of international calling. Approximately two out of every 100 international calls worldwide are carried by ITXC on behalf of the retail carriers whose customers make these calls. Proprietary ITXC technology has made it possible to build a carrier-grade call completion network, ITXC.net, with 849 points of presence in 406 cities in 146 countries. For a company to become the largest US-based dedicated wholesaler of international phone calls in just four years, it has to be ready to pounce on opportunities. In March of 1998 ITXC set out to build a carrier-grade call- completion network using the Internet as a backbone and bypass the traditional route of leasing or buying networks in worldwide markets, paying large monthly fees, and taking months to set up its operations. But the company realized that, in order to ensure the highest levels of service, it needed a way to gather and leverage as much real-time network data as possible for a variety of downstream systems. “We were a start-up business not so long ago and the way you get ahead is by jumping on opportunities. And the Intec and Compaq platform has allowed us to do that. We owe a lot of that to the power of mediation.” Lee Cascio, vice president of development, network engineering and development, ITXC Mediation 36 Compaq Telecom
37. ITXC started developing its own mediation solution using a Microsoft SQL Server, however the realization quickly hit home that a fledgling technology would require regular patches, fixes, and updates. couldn’t afford to wait, and decided to evaluate existing mediation solutions. Intec’s Inter-mediatE solution featured multiple approaches to every potential problem, instilling a comfort factor that the system would be able to handle any situation ITXC might throw at it. Today, running on Compaq’s AlphaServer™ ES40 platform, Inter-mediatE, Intec’s module-based, convergent collection and mediation platform, gathers raw network usage data and transforms it into rich, billable business information in formats that can be distributed to ITXC’s operational and business consuming applications. “They’re looking at reports, statistics, alarms—everything is hot off the press,” related Lee Cascio, vice president of development, network engineering and development at ITXC. “The information is 15 minutes old at the most when they receive it on their screens, and it’s all flowing out of the mediation system. They get more than call detail records (CDRs)—they also get SNMP (simple network management protocol) data, and log files.” Using the Internet allows the Company to have a unique cost structure, no net debt and extremely fast speed to market in any new location. The Intec and Compaq solution has enabled ITXC to do just that. For more information on ITXC, see their website at http://www.itxc.com. Mediation 37 Compaq Telecom
38. KPN Mobile/Comptel Stay Abreast of Billing Needs It’s no secret that telecommunications systems are evolving rapidly today. But some billing systems still haven’t gotten the word. KPN Mobile, a Netherlands-based provider of wireless services in Europe, had a provider, a billing system that couldn’t quickly manage new equipment releases in the core network. The company decided to define a standard interface to send a stream of data between the systems, but soon discovered this was more time- consuming than anticipated. In the meantime, KPN wanted to introduce a new wireless service and found that delivering CDRs in uniform format for billing was in the critical path—hardly an optimal situation. Adding new functionalities to its network meant that KPN’s CDR formats were changing. A flexible mediation solution would ensure a uniform billing environment and promote revenue assurance. So, with flexibility and the capability to manage system changes quickly as its key criteria, KPN approached Comptel Corporation about developing a mediation platform that could help reduce time to market for services and beef up its bottom line. “We were extending our core network, making configuration changes and simultaneously collecting information from our MSCs (mobile switching centers) and network events. In order to be flexible enough to grow, we had to introduce mediation.” Peter de Fuijk, Manager, operations/ development for value-added services The resulting solution collects and correlates information from the company’s 26 networked MSCs, its service management system center (SMSC), applications like voice mail, and various value-added systems, and sends it all downstream to a retail and wholesale billing system used for third-party customers and KPN’s roaming subscribers. Mediation 38 Compaq Telecom
39. Based on a Compaq AlphaServer™ six-node cluster, the system delivers the performance and availability needed to manage an average of 25 million CDRs per day with zero revenue leakage while maintaining 600 GB of data. With an excellent support contract from Compaq Service that covers maintenance, release management, and minor changes and adaptations to the system, KPN is confident its mediation system has the company flowing in the right direction. For more information on KPN, see their website at http://www.kpn.com. Mediation 39 Compaq Telecom
40. Compaq/Comptel Benchmark World-Class Performance Compaq and Comptel are long standing partners with over 40 joint customers worldwide. The combination of Comptel applications with Compaq innovative products, services and enabling technology has resulted in integrated solutions delivered globally. in a benchmarking event Comptel’s MDS/AMD product, together with Compaq’s AlphaServer platform produced outstanding test results that approach performance figures previously seen only with high-end super computers and proprietary architectures. This record-breaking performance demonstrates that the Comptel /Compaq solution offers both excellent maximum capacity and the scalability to maintain performance when the numbers of ER’s and subscribers increase. Characterization tests conducted at the Compaq Computer European Technology Centre in Sophia Antipolis, France yielded exceptional results. The objective of the testing was to measure the compatibility and performance of the MDS/AMD application under both ideal and customer-case conditions. MDS/AMD performed mediation tasks including conversions, analysis and delivery of event records produced by ATM and GPRS networks. The tests yielded just the result that both companies were looking for - outstanding MDS/AMD performance, scalability and stability. The powerful Comptel/Compaq combination processed over 100,000 ERs per hour or over 8.6 billion ERs/day. This result proves that MDS/AMD can increase in scale from smaller environments to accommodate the performance requirements of even the largest operators. In addition, the tests, conducted on both the Compaq ES45 and Compaq GS320 AlphaServers prove Comptel’s mediation solutions can grow in a cost-effective way. The ES45 is a high performing option that renders good value for the money, while the GS320 offers maximum performance. For more information on Comptel, see the website at http://www.comptel.com. “The scalability of the Compaq platform enabled us to prove that we are ready for the mobile Internet challenge. This benchmark is an example of the close global co-operation between Compaq and Comptel and enables a smooth and consistent technology migration path with best-of-breed solutions for operators.” Mediation 40 Compaq Telecom
41. Jari Annala, Executive Vice President, Comptel. Mediation 41 Compaq Telecom
42. SUMMARY Mediation 42 Compaq Telecom | ||||
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] | null | [] | null | New Technologies Report 2021 | en | Chair in Science and Society | https://frdelpino.es/ciencia-y-sociedad/en_gb/category/03_intec-2021-new-technologies-report-2/ | Telemedicine harnesses digital resources and advances in telecommunications to bring about a leap forward in healthcare systems. Its impact benefits the most disadvantaged sectors, such as the elderly, the vulnerable sick and people living far from urban centres.
Further information
Photonics has the potential to transform the telecommunications industry, as well as to revolutionise robotics and automation processes, advanced medicine and wearable technologies and quality control checks in different sectors.
Further information
Spain can lead the European transition to the hydrogen economy. Our position as a leader in the renewables market guarantees that we will be able to produce green hydrogen in large quantities and at very competitive prices.
Further information
Machines that anticipate our thoughts and prevent accidents, neural interfaces that improve our memory and advanced implants capable of curing diseases such as Parkinson's or epilepsy will soon be a reality.
Further information
Spain leads pioneering initiatives in mathematical research and model development, thanks to the work of universities and the CSIC. However, the importance of mathematics in our economy is still far below that of other European countries.
Further information
A commitment to innovation in augmented reality, across all sectors, is a guarantee of success; it will revolutionise healthcare, education, engineering and logistics, as well as transforming activities such as tourism, shopping and leisure.
Further information
Rapid tests could revolutionise the way we diagnose diseases. According to the WHO, these tests work without the complexity of a testing laboratory, give results within minutes and are easy to use, so they also do not require the intervention of medical professionals.
Further information
Supercomputing is a technology that has enabled revolutionary breakthroughs. The development of new, even more powerful computers will transform almost every industrial sector, from the development of new pharmaceuticals and connected health systems to the creation of more efficient manufacturing processes and more sustainable technologies.
Further information
Thanks to satellites, drones, autonomous machinery and artificial intelligence, precision agriculture will be able to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, maximise resource efficiency and crop sustainability.
Further information
The applications of nanotechnology in medicine include diagnosis, treatment, reduction of side effects and even the enormous potential to fight more effectively against infectious organisms such as SARS-CoV-2 or antibiotic-resistant bacteria. For years, Spain has led innovation in the field of nanomedicine. Now...
Further information | |||||
correct_foundationPlace_00048 | FactBench | 1 | 20 | https://newsroom.accenture.com/news/2006/billing-solution-by-accenture-and-intec-enables-new-pricing-models-for-mobile-data-services-in-brazil | en | Billing Solution by Accenture and Intec Enables New Pricing Models for Mobile Data Services in Brazil | [] | [] | [] | [
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] | null | [] | null | Brazilian wireless operators Telemig Celular and Amazônia Celular introduced a next-generation content charging solution for prepaid and post-paid mobile data services based on a new software p | https://newsroom.accenture.com/news/2006/billing-solution-by-accenture-and-intec-enables-new-pricing-models-for-mobile-data-services-in-brazil | The solution allows Telemig and Amazônia to identify users and deliver content to them independently of the form of access -- cellular phones, notebooks or PDAs. It analyzes network traffic and rates for different types of mobile data services to determine charges for a transaction.
Telemig and Amazônia, sister companies in Brazil controlled by the same shareholders, will use the new platform to manage charges for a variety of new mobile commerce services slated for roll-out to customers.
“We needed an active mediation and real-time rating system that could also leverage flexibility in rating rules and service plans to both prepaid and postpaid customers,” said Telemig and Amazônia Chief Information Officer (CIO) Evandro Canabrava. “This new solution gives us the flexibility and accuracy we need to bill for our content-based services in real-time, allowing us to offer more services, and therefore increase customer satisfaction and revenue. Telemig and Amazônia offer a wide array of content based services, with approximately 160 service offerings and more than 5000 content items or channels.”
"One of the main challenges facing mobile operators today is ensuring accuracy and flexibility when rolling out and charging for new services,” said Henrique Washington, a senior executive in Accenture’s Communications & High Tech group in Brazil. “By rolling out this new platform, Telemig and Amazônia are opening up their networks to a whole new world of innovative services that can be offered on increasingly robust wireless networks.”
“Given that 80% of the mobile market in Brazil is prepaid, it was essential for Telemig and Amazônia to find a platform that could support real-time rating and charging of content-based services in order to roll-out its data services to prepaid customers,” said Per Martell, Intec regional director for the Caribbean and Latin America. “Intec DCP’s functionality enables Telemig and Amazônia to bill for all of their content-based services in real-time regardless of the customer’s account type. The platform’s customizable pricing and flexible business rules provide Telemig and Amazônia with the tools needed to manage a broad portfolio of services.”
The project is the first of its kind to be deployed in Latin America and was selected as the Best IT Case in the Telecom/Utility category by Info Corporate, a Brazilian IT-focused publication.
About Accenture
Accenture is a global management consulting, technology services and outsourcing company. Committed to delivering innovation, Accenture collaborates with its clients to help them become high-performance businesses and governments. With deep industry and business process expertise, broad global resources and a proven track record, Accenture can mobilize the right people, skills, and technologies to help clients improve their performance. With more than 126,000 people in 48 countries, the company generated net revenues of US$15.55 billion for the fiscal year ended Aug. 31, 2005. Its home page is www.accenture.com.
About Amazonia Celular & Telemig Celular
Telemig Celular S.A. is a wireless telecommunications provider in the State of Minas Gerais, in Southeastern Brazil. Its market share is estimated at 39% in the third quarter of 2005. Amazônia Celular S.A. is a wireless telecommunications provider in the States of Amapá, Amazonas, Maranhão, Pará e Roraima, in the north and northeast of Brazil. Its market share is estimated at 27% in the third quarter of 2005. Together their customer base totaled 4.2 million during the third quarter of 2005.
About Intec
Intec Telecom Systems is a leading supplier of business and operations support systems (BSS/OSS) to major carriers across the global telecoms industry. Intec is world market leader in both inter-carrier billing and mediation, and one of the largest suppliers of retail billing systems. Intec’s customer base now includes over 60 percent of the world’s top 100 carriers. Founded in 1997, Intec is listed on the London Stock Exchange (ITL.L) and has over 1,600 staff and 30 offices worldwide. Intec’s customer base includes, among others, Cable & Wireless, CANTV, Claro, COLT Telecommunications, Digicel, France Telecom, Hutchison 3G, Optus, Orange, Swisscom, Telecom Argentina, Telecom Italia, Telefonica, T-Mobile International, TSTT, Verizon, Virgin Mobile, Vivo and Vodafone. For more information, visit the Intec website at www.intecbilling.com.
###
Alex Pachetti
+1 (917) 452 5519 | |||||||
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"Jessica C. Davis"
] | 2023-05-05T06:11:00-04:00 | Please, update description for Multi-cloud management. | en | /favicon.ico | ChannelE2E | https://www.channele2e.com/topic/multi-cloud-management | 5 Channel Partner & MSP News Updates for 5 May 2023
Jessica C. DavisMay 5, 2023
Blackpoint Cyber Partners with Andretti Autosport; ConnectWise Honored for Cybersecurity Technology; Developing Your Cybersecurity Bench
FinOps Foundation Launches Project To Improve Cloud Cost Management
May 4, 2023
The FinOps Foundation has announced a new technical project aimed at improving cloud cost, billing data, and usage for companies.
5 Channel Partner & MSP News Updates for 2 May 2023
Jessica C. DavisMay 2, 2023
Cyberattack Hits German Service Provider; Pax8 Gets Another Workplace Award; IBM Says Artificial Intelligence to Replace Jobs
5 Channel Partner & MSP News Updates for 26 April 2023
Jessica C. DavisApril 26, 2023
Syncro Survey Shows MSPs Love Facebook; Kaseya Assistant Cooper Named for Cute Dog; ConnectWise PE Sale Hits Snag
VMware Adds More Offerings, Incentives to Cloud and Managed Service Provider Programs
Jessica C. DavisApril 18, 2023
VMware is continuing enhancements to its managed service provider partner program, layering on more incentives and offers.
5 Channel Partner & MSP News Updates for 13 April 2023
Jessica C. DavisApril 13, 2023
RMM/PSA Platform Co. Atera Preps Online Conference; Cytracom Hires New CISO, Launches Trust Center Portal; Pax8 Partners with MalwareBytes
5 Channel Partner & MSP News Updates for 11 April 2023
Jessica C. DavisApril 11, 2023
What Not To Do as an MSP; ColoHouse Gets New CTO; 11:11 Systems Intros New Secure Storage; Salesforce Service Opportunity on the Rise
AWS Announces New Partner Program To Drive Cloud Cost Efficiency
April 7, 2023
AWS has unveiled a new competency program designed to push partners to improve cloud cost efficiency and ROI for customers. | ||||
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6490 | dbpedia | 3 | 20 | https://www.peekyou.com/_verran | en | Verran Facebook, Instagram & Twitter on PeekYou | [
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Venneshamn is a village in the municipality of Inderøy in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located along the Trondheimsfjord on the northeastern end of the Fosen peninsula. The village is located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of the village of Mosvik, and about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north of the village of Kjerringvika and the Skarnsund Bridge that crosses the Skarnsundet. The village of Framverran lies about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) northwest of Venneshamn. Verran Sparebank (Norway's smallest bank) was based in Venneshamn until 2006 when it merged with Grong Sparebank. There was also a general store here until it closed in August 2008.
The port of Venneshamn had a scheduled ferry service for many years. In 1958, the car ferry company Innherredsferja started the Levanger–Hokstad–Vangshylla–Kjerringvika–Venneshamn Ferry, connecting the village to roads at Mosvik, Inderøy, Ytterøy, and Levanger. In 1968, a county road was completed from Kjerringvika to Venneshamn, granting the settlement road access to the main village of Mosvik.[2] | ||||||
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6490 | dbpedia | 3 | 17 | https://www.routeyou.com/nl-no/location/pois/47285069 | en | Ontdek de top 10 must-see plekken in Mosvik | [
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6490 | dbpedia | 2 | 11 | https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Innherredsferja | en | Innherredsferja | [] | [] | [] | [
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] | null | [] | null | Innherredsferja AS was a Norwegian ferry operator in the Trondheimsfjord in Nord-Trøndelag county. It operated the Levanger–Hokstad Ferry between the town of Levanger and the island of Ytterøya, and the Vangshylla–Kjerringvik Ferry between Inderøy and Mosvik. The company operated seven ferries through its history, and had up to three operating at any time, including one in reserve. Innherredsferja was based in Levanger. | en | Wikiwand | https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Innherredsferja | Innherredsferja AS ("The Innherred Ferry") was a Norwegian ferry operator in the Trondheimsfjord in Nord-Trøndelag county. It operated the Levanger–Hokstad Ferry between the town of Levanger and the island of Ytterøya, and the Vangshylla–Kjerringvik Ferry between Inderøy and Mosvik. The company operated seven ferries through its history, and had up to three operating at any time, including one in reserve. Innherredsferja was based in Levanger.
The company was founded in 1957, and started a service between Venneshamn, Kjerringvik, Vangshylla, Hokstad, and Levanger. The initial owners of the company were a mixture of municipalities, the county, and private individuals and companies. In 1964, the company's operations were split into two services, each with a single crossing. Following the opening of the Skarnsund Bridge in 1991, the Vangshylla–Kjerringvik Ferry was terminated. In 2005, the company was taken over by Fosen Trafikklag, after the state decided that the route would be subject to public service obligation. The company lost the bid to Nor-Ferjer, and operation ceased at the end of 2006. | |||||
6490 | dbpedia | 3 | 26 | https://gibraltar.desertcart.com/offers/Timeless-Remarkable/Couples-Without-Wide | en | Online Shopping for International Brands & Products in Alameda De Los Monos Gibraltar | [
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] | null | [] | null | Shop International brands & products online under categories of health care, beauty & grooming, baby care, toys, electronics, & more at desertcart Gibraltar. âSecure Shopping Platform. â100M+ Products. âFREE Delivery & Returns. | en | https://cdn.desertcart.com/favicon.ico | https://gibraltar.desertcart.com/ | Nice online shop. Highly recommended for online buyers like me. Representative is easy to talk with and very accommodating. Tracking of purchase is fast and reliable, Secured and well-packed.
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ÐлÑвина ÐаббаÑова
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Fredie Tayas
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Hana Faouri
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Rana EL-EID
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"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"
] | 2007-07-23T09:55:47+00:00 | en | /static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grong_Sparebank | Grong Sparebank is a Norwegian savings bank based in Grong. The bank is affiliated with the Eika-Gruppen alliance and has branch offices in Grong, Namsos, Steinkjer and Mosjøen.[1] Total assets are NOK 9,5 billion.
History
[edit]
The sparebank was founded on April 7, 1862, to serve Grong Parish, that included both Grong, Harran, Høylandet and Røyrvik.[2] By 1905, both Høylandet and Harran wanted to have separate banks, and the bank was split into three branches. In 1955, the bank created a separate branch in Røyrvik and Bergsmo, the later being closed in 1997. The year 1975 saw the merger between Grong Sparebank and Lierne Sparebank, though until 2000 there was a separate board of directors for the Lierne branch. In the 2000s, the bank expanded with a branch in Steinkjer and in 2006 it merged with the smallest bank in Norway, Verran Sparebank in Framverran in Mosvik.
References
[edit]
Official website | ||||
6490 | dbpedia | 0 | 3 | https://www.magersandquinn.com/product/COMPANIES-ESTABLISHED-IN-1907/7455026 | en | You are being redirected... | [] | [] | [] | [
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6490 | dbpedia | 3 | 8 | https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Innherredsferja | en | Innherredsferja | [] | [] | [] | [
""
] | null | [] | null | Innherredsferja AS was a Norwegian ferry operator in the Trondheimsfjord in Nord-Trøndelag county. It operated the Levanger–Hokstad Ferry between the town of Levanger and the island of Ytterøya, and the Vangshylla–Kjerringvik Ferry between Inderøy and Mosvik. The company operated seven ferries through its history, and had up to three operating at any time, including one in reserve. Innherredsferja was based in Levanger. | en | Wikiwand | https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Innherredsferja | Innherredsferja AS ("The Innherred Ferry") was a Norwegian ferry operator in the Trondheimsfjord in Nord-Trøndelag county. It operated the Levanger–Hokstad Ferry between the town of Levanger and the island of Ytterøya, and the Vangshylla–Kjerringvik Ferry between Inderøy and Mosvik. The company operated seven ferries through its history, and had up to three operating at any time, including one in reserve. Innherredsferja was based in Levanger.
The company was founded in 1957, and started a service between Venneshamn, Kjerringvik, Vangshylla, Hokstad, and Levanger. The initial owners of the company were a mixture of municipalities, the county, and private individuals and companies. In 1964, the company's operations were split into two services, each with a single crossing. Following the opening of the Skarnsund Bridge in 1991, the Vangshylla–Kjerringvik Ferry was terminated. In 2005, the company was taken over by Fosen Trafikklag, after the state decided that the route would be subject to public service obligation. The company lost the bid to Nor-Ferjer, and operation ceased at the end of 2006. | |||||
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6490 | dbpedia | 2 | 0 | https://coop.fandom.com/wiki/Verran_Sparebank | en | Verran Sparebank | https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/ucp-internal-test-starter-commons/images/a/aa/FandomFireLogo.png/revision/latest?cb=20210713142711 | https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/ucp-internal-test-starter-commons/images/a/aa/FandomFireLogo.png/revision/latest?cb=20210713142711 | [
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] | null | [
"Contributors to Cooperatives Wiki"
] | null | Template:Infobox Defunct Company Verran Sparebank was a Norwegian savings bank, located at Venneshamn in Mosvik municipality from 1907 to 2006. It merged with Grong Sparebank in 2006, who took over its assets and local customers. The bank had assets of NOK 85 million and three employees when it... | en | /skins-ucp/mw139/common/favicon.ico | Cooperatives Wiki | https://coop.fandom.com/wiki/Verran_Sparebank | Template:Infobox Defunct Company
Verran Sparebank was a Norwegian savings bank, located at Venneshamn in Mosvik municipality from 1907 to 2006. It merged with Grong Sparebank in 2006, who took over its assets and local customers. The bank had assets of NOK 85 million and three employees when it ceased operation in 2006.
History[]
Verran Sparebank was founded in 1907 to serve as a local bank for the municipalities of Verran and Mosvik. Already in 1909 the bank got its first female chairman. The bank was a member of the Terra bank alliance, and was one of four savings banks in the county of Nord-Trøndelag to remain independent. The others joined the regional Sparebanken Midt-Norge. Because Grong Sparebank, Verran Sparebank's merger partner, was one of the other independent savings banks, that number of independent savings banks is currently reduced to three.
At the time of merger, Verran Sparebank was the smallest independent bank in Norway.
no:Verran Sparebank | ||
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6490 | dbpedia | 3 | 6 | https://www.b2bpay.co/list-banks-europe | en | List of banks in Europe | [
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"Leonardo Bassani"
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Sampo Bank
SEB Gyllenberg Private Bank
Suomen AsuntoHypoPankki
Tapiola Bank
Calyon
Carnegie Investment Bank
Citibank
Danske Bank
Deutsche Bank
DnB NOR
Handelsbanken
Forex Bank
Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken
Swedbank
Banks in France
AXA Bank Europe
Banque Commerciale pour l'Europe du Nord – Eurobank
Banque de Baecque Beau
Banque Française Commerciale Océan Indien
Banque Martin Maurel
Banque Palatine
Banque Transatlantique
BNP Paribas
BNP Paribas CIB
Bpifrance
Caisse de garantie et d'amortissement
Caisse des dépôts et consignations
Compagnie Financière Edmond de Rothschild
Crédit Agricole
Crédit du Nord
Crédit Foncier de France
Crédit Industriel et Commercial
Crédit Mutuel
Dexia
Euler Hermes
Bank of France
Groupe BPCE
Hello bank!
HSBC France
La Banque postale
LCL S.A.
Natixis
Oddo et Cie
Rothschild & Co
Rothschild & Cie Banque
Société Générale
Société Marseillaise de Crédit
Bank Stern
Banks in Germany
BayernLB
Commerzbank
DekaBank Deutsche Girozentrale
Deutsche Bank
Deutsche Pfandbriefbank
Deutsche Postbank
DZ Bank
GLS Bank
HSH Nordbank
Hypothekenbank
KfW
Landesbank
Landwirtschaftliche Rentenbank
Nord/LB
NRW.Bank
WestLB
Wirecard Bank
WGZ Bank
Allied Irish Banks
Anglo Irish Bank
Banco Santander
Barclays Bank
BNP Paribas
Crédit Lyonnais
dev bank
Handelsbanken
ING Group
Lloyds TSB
National Bank of Greece
Royal Bank of Scotland
SEB AG
Société Générale
Hanseatic Bank
UniCredit
Creditanstalt
HypoVereinsbank
Bank of Communications
Bank Sepah
Citibank Privatkunden
Credit Suisse
Goldman Sachs
ICICI Bank
JP Morgan
Lazard
Merrill Lynch
Mitsubishi UFJ
Mizuho Bank
Morgan Stanley
National Bank of Pakistan
State Bank of India
Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group
UBS AG
Smaller private banks
Bankhaus C. L. Seeliger
Bankhaus Lampe
Merck Finck & Co
Bankhaus Löbbecke & Co
Donner & Reuschel
Berenberg Bank
Bierbaum & Co
Degussa Bank
HSBC Trinkaus & Burkhardt AG
IKB Deutsche Industriebank
Metzler Bank
Rothschild Investment Bank
Südwestbank AG
Von Linden Bank
Banks in Gibraltar
Bank Jacob Safra
Barclays Bank PLC
Barclays Wealth
Credit Suisse
EFG Bank
Gibraltar International Bank
Gibraltar Savings Bank
Jyske Bank
IDT Financial Services Limited
Leeds Building Society
Lloyds TSB International
Lombard Odier Darier Hentsch Private Bank Limited
NatWest Offshore Limited
Newcastle Building Society
Norwich & Peterborough Building Society
SG Hambros Bank
Turicum Private Bank Limited
Banks in Greece
Alpha Bank
Eurobank Ergasias
National Bank of Greece
Piraeus Bank
Aegean Baltic Bank
Attica Bank
Cooperative Bank of Chania
Cooperative Bank of Drama
Cooperative Bank of Epirus
Cooperative Bank of Evros
Cooperative Bank of Karditsa
Cooperative Bank of Pieria
Cooperative Bank of Serres
Cooperative Bank of Thessaly
Credicom Consumer Finance Bank (fr) (web)
Investment Bank of Greece
Pancretan Cooperative Bank
B&N Bank, Greek Branch
Bank of America
Bank of Cyprus
Bank Saderat Iran
BMW Austria Bank
BNP Paribas Securities Services
Citibank Europe
Credit Suisse
Deutsche Bank
DVB Bank
FCA Bank
FCE Bank
Fimbank
HSBC Bank
HSH Nordbank
Opel Bank
ProCredit Bank
The Royal Bank of Scotland
UniCredit Bank
Volkswagen Bank
Ziraat Bankası
Banks in Hungary
OTP Bank
K&H Bank
Erste Bank
Budapest Bank
CIB Bank
MKB Bank
Raiffeisen Bank
UniCredit Bank
FHB Bank
Pannon Takarék Bank
Sberbank
Duna Takarék
Polgári Bank
Kinizsi Bank
Mohácsi Takarék Bank
MagNet Bank
Sopron Bank
Citibank
Oberbank
AXA Bank
Banif Plus Bank
Gránit Bank
BNP Paribas
Cetelem Bank
Cofidis
Eximbank
ING Bank
Merkantil Bank
NHB Bank
Porsche Bank
Banks in Iceland
Arion Bank
Íslandsbanki
Landsbankinn
Kvika banki
List of Banks in Italy
UniCredit
Intesa Sanpaolo
Banca d'Italia
Cassa Depositi e Prestiti
BancoPosta division of Poste italiane
Istituto per il Credito Sportivo
Banco BPM
Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena
UBI Banca
Atlante (Banca Popolare di Vicenza and Veneto Banca)
Banca Nazionale del Lavoro
Mediobanca
BPER Banca
Crédit Agricole Italia
ICCREA Banca
Banca Mediolanum
Credito Emiliano
Banca Popolare di Sondrio
Banca Carige
Credito Valtellinese
Crediop
Deutsche Bank (Italy)
Banca Popolare di Bari
Banca Sella Group
Banco di Desio e della Brianza
Cassa di Risparmio di Asti
Banca di Credito Cooperativo di Roma
Banks in Latvia
Norvik Banka
DNB Banka
Swedbank
SEB banka
Privatbank
Svenska Handelsbanken
Danske Bank
Bigbank
OP Corporate Bank
Scania Finans Aktiebolag
Aktsiaselts Eesti Krediidipank
Nordea Bank
Banks in Liechtenstein
Bank Alpinum
Bank Frick
Bank von Ernst
Bank Vontobel
Banque Havilland
Centrum Bank
Kaiser Ritter Partner Privatbank
Lamda Privatbank
LGT Bank
Liechtensteinische Landesbank
Neue Bank
Raiffeisen Bank
Valartis Bank
VP Bank AG
Volksbank
Banks in Lithuania
AB bankas "FINASTA"
AB DNB bankas
AB SEB bankas
AB Šiaulių bankas
AB "Swedbank"
Citadele Bank
UAB Medicinos bankas
AS "Meridian Trade Bank"
BIGBANK AS branch
Danske Bank A/S
Nordea Bank AB
Pohjola Bank plc
Scania Finans AB
Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB
Svenska Handelsbanken AB
Baltikums Bank AS
Banks in Luxemburg
Advanzia Bank
Banque de Luxembourg
Banque et Caisse d'Épargne de l'État
Banque Internationale à Luxembourg
Banque Raiffeisen
BGL BNP Paribas
Central Bank of Luxembourg
Internal Audit Department, Luxembourg
KBL European Private Bankers
Precision Capital
Société Nationale de Crédit et d'Investissement
Banks in Madeira
Banco Espírito Santo (BES)
Banco Finantia
Barclays
Caixa - Banco de Investimento
Banks in Malta
Akbank T.A.S.
APS Bank Limited
Banif Bank (Malta) plc
Bank of Valletta plc
BAWAG Malta Bank Limited
CommBank Europe Limited
Deutsche Bank (Malta) Limited
Erste Bank (Malta) Limited
FCM Bank Limited
FIMBank plc
Fortis Bank Malta Limited
HSBC Bank Malta plc
IIG Bank (Malta) Limited
Investkredit International Bank plc
Izola Bank plc
Lombard Bank Malta plc
Mediterranean Bank plc (AnaCap Financial Partners)
NBG Bank Malta Limited
Novum Bank Limited
Pilatus Bank Ltd.
Raiffeisen Malta plc
Sparkasse Bank Malta plc
Turkiye Garanti Bankasi A S
Nordea Bank AB Malta
Volksbank Malta Limited
Go Bank Malta Limited
Banks in Monaco
Banque de Gestion Edmond de Rothschild
Banque J. Safra
Banque Havilland
BNP Paribas Private Bank Monaco
BSI Monaco
Compagnie Monégasque de Banque
Credit Foncier de Monaco
Crédit Mobilier de Monaco
Credit Suisse
Dresdner Bank Monaco
EFG Eurofinancière d'Investissements
Fortis Banque Monaco
HSBC Private Bank
ING Bank
KB Luxembourg
Martin Maurel Sella - Banque Privée-Monaco
Monte Paschi Monaco
SG Private Banking
UBS
Banks in Netherlands
ABN Amro
ING Group
Rabobank
Amsterdam Trade Bank
Anadolubank Nederland N.V.
ASN Bank
Bank Mendes Gans
Bank Nederlandse Gemeenten
BinckBank
bunq
Credit Europe Bank
Demir Halk Bank
Friesland Bank
GarantiBank International NV
GE Artesia Bank
Kempen & Co
Nederlandse Waterschapsbank
Netherlands Development Finance Company
NIBC Bank
SNS Bank
Triodos Bank
Van Lanschot
Banks in Norway
Bank 1 Oslo
Bank2
Bank Norwegian AS
Bolig- og Næringsbanken
Cresco
DnB NOR Bank
Landkreditt Bank
Netfonds Bank
Nordea Bank Norge
Nordlandsbanken
Santander Consumer Bank
Pareto Bank
SEB Privatbanken
Storebrand Bank
Verdibanken
Voss Veksel- og Landmandsbank
yA Bank
Aktiv Kapital
BMW Financial Services
BNP Paribas
Carnegie Investment Bank
Citibank
Danske Bank
De Lage Landen
DVB Bank
Ford Financial
Forex Bank
Fortis
GE Money Bank
GMAC Bank
Handelsbanken
IBM Credit
Nordnet
Scania Finans
Siemens Financial Services
Skandiabanken
Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken
SVEA Finans
Swedbank
Toyota Kreditbank
Andebu Sparebank
Ankenes Sparebank
Arendal og Omegns Sparekasse
Askim Sparebank
Aurland Sparebank
Bamble og Langesund Sparebank
Bank Norwegian
Berg Sparebank
Birkenes Sparebank
Bjugn Sparebank
Blanker Sparebank
Bud, Fræna og Hustad Sparebank
Bø Sparebank
Cultura Sparebank
Drangedal og Tørdal Sparebank
Eidsberg Sparebank
Etne Sparebank
Etnedal Sparebank
Evje og Hornnes Sparebank
Fana Sparebank
Fjaler Sparebank
Flekkefjord Sparebank
Fron Sparebank
Gildeskål Sparebank
Gjerpen og Solum Sparebank
Gjerstad Sparebank
Gran Sparebanken
Grong Sparebank
Grue Sparebank
Halden Sparebank
Haltdalen Sparebank
Harstad Sparebank
Haugesund Sparebank
Hegra Sparebank
Helgeland Sparebank
Hjartdal og Gransherad Sparebank
Hjelmeland Sparebank
Hol Sparebank
Holla og Lunde Sparebank
Høland Sparebank
Hønefoss Sparebank
Indre Sogn Sparebank
Jernbanepersonalets Sparebank
Klepp Sparebank
Klæbu Sparebank
Kragerø Sparebank
Kvinesdal Sparebank
Kvinnherad Sparebank
Larvikbanken Brunlanes Sparebank
Lillesands Sparebank
Lillestrøm Sparebank
Lofoten Sparebank
Lom og Skjåk Sparebank
Luster Sparebank
Marker Sparebank
Meldal Sparebank
Modum Sparebank
Narvik Sparebank
Nes Prestegjelds Sparebank
Nesset Sparebank
Nøtterø Sparebank
Odal Sparebank
Ofoten Sparebank
Opdals Sparebank
Orkdal Sparebank
Rindal Sparebank
Ringerikes Sparebank
Rygge-Vaaler Sparebank
Rørosbanken Røros Sparebank
Sandnes Sparebank
Sandsvær Sparebank
Sauda Sparebank
Selbu Sparebank
Seljord Sparebank
Setskog Sparebank
Skudenes & Aakra Sparebank
Soknedal Sparebank
SpareBank 1 Hallingdal
sparebanken Bien
Sparebanken Grenland
Sparebanken Hardanger
Sparebanken Hedmark
Sparebanken Hemne
Sparebanken Jevnaker Lunner
Sparebanken Midt-Norge
Sparebanken Møre
Sparebanken Nord-Norge
Sparebanken Nordvest
Sparebanken Pluss
Sparebanken Rogaland
Sparebanken Sogn og Fjordane
Sparebanken Sør
Sparebanken Telespar
Sparebanken Vest
Sparebanken Vestfold
Sparebanken Volda Ørsta
Sparebanken Øst
Spareskillingbanken Kristiansand S
Spydeberg Sparebank
Stadsbygd Sparebank
Strømmen Sparebank
Sunndal Sparebank
Søgne og Gripstad Sparebank
Time Sparebank
Tingvoll Sparebank
Tinn Sparebank
Tjeldsund Sparebank
Tolga-Os Sparebank
Totens Sparebank
Trøgstad Sparebank
Tysnes Sparebank
Valle Sparebank
Vang Sparebank
Vegarshei Sparebank
Verran Sparebank
Vestre Slidre Sparebank
Vik Sparebank
Voss Sparebank
Ørland Sparebank
Ørskog Sparebank
Øystre Slidre Sparebank
Åfjord Sparebank
Aasen Sparebank
Banks in Poland
Alior Bank
Banca Intesa
Banco Mais S.A.
Bank DnB NORD Polska
Bank BGŻ BNP Paribas
Bank BPH
Bank Gospodarstwa Krajowego
Bank Handlowy w Warszawie SA
Bank Inicjatyw Spoteczno - Ekonomicznych
Bank Millennium SA
Bank Ochrony Srodowiska S.A.
Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi (Polska)
Bank Pocztowy
Bank Polskiej Spóldzielczosci
Bank Polska Kasa Opieki SA
Bank Rozwoju Cukrownictwa
Bank Spółdzielczy w Brodnicy
Bank Svenska Handelsbanken (Polska)
Bankgesellschaft Berlin
Banque PSA Finance SA
Belinvestbank
Belpromstroibank
Belvnesheconombank
Bielarusbank
Calyon Bank Polska SA
Credit Agricole
Credit Industriel et Commercial
Danske Bank Polska
Depfa Bank
Deutsche Bank PBC SA
Dexia Kommunalkredit Bank Polska SA
DNB
Dresdner Bank AG SA Oddzial w Polsce
Euro Bank
Eurohypo
Eurohypo a.g.
FCE Bank Polska
Fiat Bank
GETIN Bank SA
Gospodarczy Bank Wielkopolski
Haitong Bank, S.A.
HSBC Bank Polska
HSH Nordbank a.g.
Idea Bank Spółka Akcyjna
ING Bank Śląski SA
Invest-Bank S.A.
Investkredit Bank a.g.
JPMorgan Chase Bank
Jyske Bank A/S SA
Kredyt Bank S.A.
Landesbank Baden-Wuerttemberg
Mazowiecki Bank Regionalny
mBank Hipoteczny
Mercedes-Benz Bank Polska SA
NOBLE Bank SA
Nordea Bank Polska
Nykredit Realkredit A/S
Pekao Bank Hipoteczny
PKO Bank Polski
Rabobank
Raiffeisen Bank Polska SA
RBS Bank (Polska) S.A
RCI Bank Polska SA
Santander Consumer Bank SA
Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (SA) (SEB)
Slaski Bank Hipoteczny
Societe Generale
The Export-Import Bank of the Republic of China
Toyota Bank Polska
UBS a.g.
Volskwagen Bank Polska
Westdeutsche ImmobilienBank AG
WestLB Bank Polska S.A.
Banks in Portugal
Abanca
ActivoBank
Banco Angolano de Negócios e Comércio
Banco BAI Europa
Banco BIC
Banco BIG
Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria
Banco Carregosa
Banco CTT
Banco Comercial Português
Banco de Negócios Internacional
Banco do Brasil
Banco Efisa
Banco Finantia
Banco Internacional do Funchal
Banco Invest
Banco Popular
Banco Português de Gestão
Banco Português de Investimento
Banco Primus
Banco Privado Atlantico Europa
Banco Santander Totta
Banif Mais
Barclays Bank
Best Bank
Caixa Geral de Depósitos
Caja Duero
Crédito Agrícola
Deutsche Bank
Montepio Geral
Novo Banco
Banks in Romania
BCR
BRD
Banca Transilvania
Raiffeisen Bank
UniCredit Bank
CEC Bank
ING Bank
Alpha Bank
Bancpost
Garanti Bank
Citibank
OTP Bank
Piraeus Bank
Banca Românească
Veneto Banca
Credit Europe Bank
Intesa Sanpaolo
EximBank
Banks in San Marino
Asset Banca
Banca Agricola Commerciale Istituto Bancario Sammarinese
Banca Commerciale Sammarinese
Banca del Titano / San Marino International Bank / Banca Impresa
Banca di San Marino
Banca Partner
Banca Sammarinese di Investimento
Cassa di Risparmio della Repubblica di San Marino
Euro Commercial Bank
Banks in Slovakia
Československá obchodná banka
ČSOB Stavebná sporiteľňa
OTP Banka Slovensko
Poštová banka
Prima banka
Privatbanka
Prvá stavebná sporiteľňa
Raiffeisen Bank
Sberbank Slovensko,
Slovenská sporiteľňa
Slovenská záručná a rozvojová banka
Tatra banka
Všeobecná úverová banka
Wüstenrot stavebná sporiteľňa
Branch offices of foreign banks
Banco Cofidis, S.A.
BKS Bank AG
Citibank Europe plc
Commerzbank AG
Fio Banka
ING Bank N.V.
J&T Banka, member of J&T Group
KDB Bank Europe Ltd.
Komerční banka Bratislava,
mBank
Oberbank AG
UniCredit Bank Czech Republic and Slovakia
Banks in Slovenia
Nova Ljubljanska banka d.d.
SKB banka d.d.
Nova Kreditna banka Maribor
Abanka d.d.
Banka Celje d.d.
Gorenjska banka d.d.
Banka Intesa Sanpaolo d.d.
Deželna banka Slovenije d.d
Probanka d.d.
Factor banka d.d.
UniCredit banka Slovenija d.d.
Sberbank banka d.d.
Addiko Bank [14]
Banka Sparkasse d.d
SID - Slovenska izvozna in razvojna banka d.d.
Poštna banka Slovenije d.d.
Banks in Spain
Abanca
Banca Civica
Banca March
Banca Pueyo
Banco Atlántico
Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria
Banco Caixa Geral
Banco de Valencia
Banco Etcheverría
Banco Gallego
Banco Popular Español
Banco Sabadell
Banco Santander
Bank of Isabella II
Bank of San Fernando
Bank of Spain
Bankia
Bankinter
Bankoa
Bilbao Bizkaia Kutxa
Caixabank
Caja de Ahorros del Mediterráneo
Caja de Ingenieros
Caja General de Ahorros de Canarias
Caja Laboral
Caja Madrid
Caja Murcia
Caja Navarra
CajaSur
CatalunyaCaixa
EVO Banco
Fondo de Reestructuración Ordenada Bancaria
Kutxa
Kutxabank
La Caixa
Liberbank
NCG Banco, S.A.
Novacaixagalicia
Banco Pastor
Renta 4 Banco
Sabadell Solbank
Spanish Confederation of Savings Banks
Unicaja
Unnim
Banks in Sweden
ABG Sundal Collier
Avanza Bank
Bank Norwegian
Bank2 Bankaktiebolag
Bergslagens Sparbank
Carnegie Investment Bank
EFG Investment Bank
Eskilstuna Rekarne Sparbank
Forex Bank
Färs & Frosta Sparbank
GE Money Bank
ICA Banken
Ikanobanken
Länsförsäkringar Bank
MedMera Bank
Nordea
Nordnet Bank
Resurs Bank
Skandiabanken
Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken
Sparbanken Lidköping
Sparbanken Skaraborg
Sparbanken Öresund
Svenska Handelsbanken
Swedbank
Swedbank Sjuhärad
Tjustbygdens Sparbank
Varbergs Sparbank
Vimmerby Sparbank
Volvofinans Konto Bank
Ålandsbanken
Ölands Bank
Ekobanken medlemsbank
JAK members bank
Almundsryds Sparbank
Attmars Sparbank
Bjursås Sparbank
Ekeby Sparbank
Falkenbergs Sparbank
Farstorps Sparbank
Frenninge Sparbank
Fryksdalens Sparbank
Glimåkra Sparbank
Göteryds Sparbank
Hudiksvalls Sparbank
Häradssparbanken Mönsterås
Högsby Sparbank
Ivetofta Sparbank i Bromölla
Kinda-Ydre Sparbank
Kristianstads Sparbank
Kyrkhults Sparbank
Laholms Sparbank
Lekebergs Sparbank
Leksands Sparbank
Långasjö Sockens Sparbank
Lönneberga-Tuna-Vena Sparbank
Markaryds sparbank
Mjöbäcks Sparbank
Nordals Härads Sparbank
Norrbärke Sparbank
Närs sparbank
Orusts Sparbank
Roslagens Sparbank
Röke Sockens Sparbank
Sala Sparbank
Sidensjö sparbank
Skatelövs och Västra Torsås Sparbank
Skurups Sparbank
Snapphanebygdens Sparbank
Sparbanken Alingsås
Sparbanken Boken
Sparbanken Gotland
Sparbanken Gute
Sparbanken i Enköping
Sparbanken i Karlshamn
Sparbanken Nord
Sparbanken Syd
Sparbanken Tanum
Sparbanken Tranemo
Sparbanken Västra Mälardalen
Södra Dalarnas Sparbank
Södra Hestra Sparbank
Sölvesborg-Mjällby Sparbank
Sörmlands Sparbank
Tidaholms Sparbank
Tjörns Sparbank
Ulricehamns Sparbank
Vadstena Sparbank
Valdemarsviks Sparbank
Vinslövs Sparbank
Virserums Sparbank
Westra Wermlands Sparbank
Ålems Sparbank
Åryds Sparbank
Åse och Viste härads Sparbank
Åtvidabergs Sparbank
Älmeboda Sparbank
Banks in Switzerland
UBS AG
Credit Suisse
Julius Baer Group
Alternative Bank Schweiz ABS
Banque Bonhôte & Cie SA
Banque Cantonale de Genève
CIM Bank
Bank Cler
Graubündner Kantonalbank
Hinduja Bank (Switzerland) Ltd
ICB Financial Group Holdings AG
Migros Bank
SIX SIS AG
SIX x-clear AG
Vontobel
WIR Bank
Zürcher Kantonal Bank
Habib Bank AG Zurich
Bordier & Cie
Gutzwiller & Cie
Landolt & Cie
Lienhardt & Partner Privatbank Zürich
Reichmuth & Co
Union Bancaire Privée
Rahn+Bodmer Co.
AXA Bank Europe,
Fortis Banque,
ING Belgique,
STRATEO, Genève,
Jyske Bank (Schweiz) AG
Nordea Bank S.A.
Banque du Léman SA, Geneva
BNP Paribas SA, Geneva
Crédit Agricole SA, Geneva
Société Générale Private Banking
Deutsche Bank (Suisse) SA,
Kaupthing Bank Luxembourg S.A.
Bank Hapoalim (Switzerland) Ltd
Bank Leumi (Schweiz) AG, Geneva
IDB (Swiss) Bank Ltd, Geneva
United Mizrahi Bank (Schweiz) AG
Banque Profil de Gestion SA, Geneva
Intesa Sanpaolo
Sella Bank AG
UniCredit (Suisse) Bank SA
Banca Popolare di Sondrio (Suisse)
Mitsubishi UFJ Wealth Management Bank (Switzerland), Ltd.
Nomura Bank (Schweiz) AG
BankMed (Suisse) SA, Geneva
Banque Audi (Suisse) SA, Geneva
BlomBank (Suisse) SA, Geneva
LGT Bank (Schweiz) AG, Basel
KBL (Switzerland) Ltd, Geneva
Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken
Arab Bank (Switzerland) Ltd, Geneva
NBAD Private Bank (Suisse) SA, Geneva
NBK Banque Privée (Suisse) SA, Geneva
QNB Banque Privée (Suisse) SA, Geneva
ABN AMRO Bank N.V.
Credit Europe Bank (SA)
Banque Privée BCP (Suisse) SA, Geneva
Investec Bank (Switzerland) AG
Banco Santander (Suisse) SA, Geneva
NCG Banco S.A., succursale de Genève, Geneva
Barclays Bank (Suisse) SA, Geneva
Barclays Capital
HSBC Private Bank
IG Bank S.A.
Lloyds Bank plc
RBS Coutts Bank AG
Standard Chartered Bank (Switzerland) SA
Citibank Succursale de Genève
Goldman Sachs Bank AG
JPMorgan Chase Bank
Merrill Lynch Capital Markets AG
Morgan Stanley AG
State Street Bank GmbH
Banks in United Kingdom
Abbey National Treasury Services Plc
ABC International Bank Plc
Access Bank UK Limited, The
Adam & Company Plc
ADIB (UK) Ltd
Ahli United Bank (UK) PLC
AIB Group (UK) Plc
Airdrie Savings Bank
Al Rayan Bank PLC
Aldermore Bank Plc
Alliance Trust Savings Limited
Alpha Bank London Limited
ANZ Bank (Europe) Limited
Arbuthnot Latham & Co Limited
Atom Bank PLC
Axis Bank UK Limited
Bank and Clients PLC
Bank Leumi (UK) plc
Bank Mandiri (Europe) Limited
Bank of America Merrill Lynch International Limited
Bank of Beirut (UK) Ltd
Bank of Ceylon (UK) Ltd
Bank of China (UK) Ltd
Bank of Communications (UK) Limited
Bank of Cyprus UK Limited
Bank of Ireland (UK) Plc
Bank of London and The Middle East plc
Bank of New York Mellon (International) Limited,
The Bank of Scotland plc
Bank of the Philippine Islands (Europe) PLC
Bank Saderat Plc
Bank Sepah International Plc
Barclays Bank Plc
BFC Exchange Ltd
BIRA Bank Ltd
BMCE Bank International plc
British Arab Commercial Bank Plc
Brown Shipley & Co Limited
C Hoare & Co
CAF Bank Ltd
Cambridge & Counties Bank Limited
Cater Allen Limited
Charity Bank Limited, The
Charter Court Financial Services Limited
China Construction Bank (London) Limited
CIBC World Markets Plc
ClearBank Ltd
Close Brothers Limited
Clydesdale Bank Plc
Co-operative Bank Plc,
The Coutts & Company
Credit Suisse (UK) Limited
Credit Suisse International
Crown Agents Bank Limited
DB UK Bank Limited
Diamond Bank (UK) Plc
Duncan Lawrie Limited
EFG Private Bank Limited
Europe Arab Bank plc
FBN Bank (UK) Ltd
FCE Bank Plc
FCMB Bank (UK) Limited
Gatehouse Bank Plc
GE Capital Bank Limited
Ghana International Bank Plc
Goldman Sachs International Bank
Guaranty Trust Bank (UK) Limited
Gulf International Bank (UK) Limited
Habib Bank Zurich Plc
Habibsons Bank Limited
Hampden & Co Plc
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1. Banks in Austria
How to open a bank account in Europe
We have a few guides to guide you through the process of opening a bank account in multiple European countries and explaining why a virtual bank account with B2B Pay may be a better alternative if you are transferring money outside of Europe and taking advantage of a better rate.
How to open a bank account overseas
We have a few guides to guide you through the process of opening a bank account in multiple countries all over the world and explaining why a virtual bank account with B2B Pay may be a better alternative if you are transferring money outside of Europe and taking advantage of a better rate. | ||||
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] | null | [] | null | Looking for Verjans? Found 3 people named Verjans along with free Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and TikTok profiles on PeekYou - true people search. | en | /favicon.ico | PeekYou | https://www.peekyou.com/_verjans | |||||
6490 | dbpedia | 2 | 25 | https://gibraltar.desertcart.com/offers/Timeless-Remarkable/Couples-Without-Wide | en | Online Shopping for International Brands & Products in Alameda De Los Monos Gibraltar | [
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] | null | [] | null | Shop International brands & products online under categories of health care, beauty & grooming, baby care, toys, electronics, & more at desertcart Gibraltar. âSecure Shopping Platform. â100M+ Products. âFREE Delivery & Returns. | en | https://cdn.desertcart.com/favicon.ico | https://gibraltar.desertcart.com/ | Nice online shop. Highly recommended for online buyers like me. Representative is easy to talk with and very accommodating. Tracking of purchase is fast and reliable, Secured and well-packed.
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ÐлÑвина ÐаббаÑова
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Fredie Tayas
Best shopping app in MENA they are very efficient, and the delivery is very fast. they deliver to your home too. as someone who makes jewelry i can buy tools and stones that I can't find in Jordan.
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ÐлÑвина ÐаббаÑова | |||||
6490 | dbpedia | 2 | 2 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venneshamn | en | Venneshamn | [
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] | 2007-07-23T21:40:47+00:00 | en | /static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venneshamn | Village in Central Norway, Norway
Venneshamn is a village in the municipality of Inderøy in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located along the Trondheimsfjord on the northeastern end of the Fosen peninsula. The village is located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of the village of Mosvik, and about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north of the village of Kjerringvika and the Skarnsund Bridge that crosses the Skarnsundet. The village of Framverran lies about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) northwest of Venneshamn. Verran Sparebank (Norway's smallest bank) was based in Venneshamn until 2006 when it merged with Grong Sparebank. There was also a general store here until it closed in August 2008.
The port of Venneshamn had a scheduled ferry service for many years. In 1958, the car ferry company Innherredsferja started the Levanger–Hokstad–Vangshylla–Kjerringvika–Venneshamn Ferry, connecting the village to roads at Mosvik, Inderøy, Ytterøy, and Levanger. In 1968, a county road was completed from Kjerringvika to Venneshamn, granting the settlement road access to the main village of Mosvik.[2] | ||||||
6490 | dbpedia | 3 | 13 | https://annualreport.smn.no/2019/content/448/Our-memberships.html | en | Annual report 2019 | [
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SpareBank 1 SMN supports or has given its support to the following external initiatives, charters principles for the economic, environmental or social area:
UNEPFIs Principles for Responsible Banking
UN Global Compact
Environmental Lighthouse
SpareBank 1 SMN is a member of the following industry organisations or other amalgamations, and national/international lobby organisations: | ||||||
6490 | dbpedia | 0 | 0 | https://coop.fandom.com/wiki/Verran_Sparebank | en | Verran Sparebank | https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/ucp-internal-test-starter-commons/images/a/aa/FandomFireLogo.png/revision/latest?cb=20210713142711 | https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/ucp-internal-test-starter-commons/images/a/aa/FandomFireLogo.png/revision/latest?cb=20210713142711 | [
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] | null | Template:Infobox Defunct Company Verran Sparebank was a Norwegian savings bank, located at Venneshamn in Mosvik municipality from 1907 to 2006. It merged with Grong Sparebank in 2006, who took over its assets and local customers. The bank had assets of NOK 85 million and three employees when it... | en | /skins-ucp/mw139/common/favicon.ico | Cooperatives Wiki | https://coop.fandom.com/wiki/Verran_Sparebank | Template:Infobox Defunct Company
Verran Sparebank was a Norwegian savings bank, located at Venneshamn in Mosvik municipality from 1907 to 2006. It merged with Grong Sparebank in 2006, who took over its assets and local customers. The bank had assets of NOK 85 million and three employees when it ceased operation in 2006.
History[]
Verran Sparebank was founded in 1907 to serve as a local bank for the municipalities of Verran and Mosvik. Already in 1909 the bank got its first female chairman. The bank was a member of the Terra bank alliance, and was one of four savings banks in the county of Nord-Trøndelag to remain independent. The others joined the regional Sparebanken Midt-Norge. Because Grong Sparebank, Verran Sparebank's merger partner, was one of the other independent savings banks, that number of independent savings banks is currently reduced to three.
At the time of merger, Verran Sparebank was the smallest independent bank in Norway.
no:Verran Sparebank | ||
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6490 | dbpedia | 0 | 7 | https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/9223748https:/en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/3758659 | en | Sparebanken Midt | [
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] | null | [] | null | Infobox Company company name = Sparebanken Midt Norge company company type = Savings bank foundation = 1823 location = Oslo, Norway key people = Finn Haugan (CEO) area served = Trøndelag, Norway industry = Banking products = revenue = operating… | en | https://en-academic.com/favicon.ico | Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias | https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/3758659 | Infobox Company
company_name = Sparebanken Midt-Norge
company_
company_type = Savings bank
foundation = 1823
location = Oslo, Norway
key_people = Finn Haugan (CEO)
area_served = Trøndelag, Norway
industry = Banking
products =
revenue =
operating_income =
net_income =
num_employees = 711 (2005)
parent =
subsid =
homepage = [http://www.smn.no www.smn.no]
footnotes =
Sparebanken Midt-Norge (ose|MING) is a Norwegian savings bank based in Trøndelag. The bank has 71 branches in 51 municipalities in Central Norway and is part of the bank alliance SpareBank 1. In Nord-Trøndelag and Sør-Trøndelag the bank is branded SpareBank 1 Midt-Noge while it is branded SpareBank 1 Romsdals Fellesbank in Møre og Romsdal. The company has its head office in Trondheim.
The bank has total assets of NOK 46 billion, making it the 9th largest bank in Norway. In Trøndelag the bank has a marked share of 38% while it has a 28% marked share in Romsdal. The bank serves both private customers in addition to agricultural, small and medium sized businesses in addition to the public sector.
History
Though the bank has its roots bank to 1823, Sparebanken Midt-Norge was created in 1984 when 23 savings banks in Trøndelag merged to create a regional savings bank. In 1988 Spareskillingsbanken was also merged into the bank. The bank created grunnfondsbevis in 1994 and listed itself on Oslo Stock Exchange. In 1996 it was one of the founding banks of the alliance SpareBank 1, where it today holds a 19.5% ownership. In 2005 it bought the commercial bank Romsdals Fellesbank.
External links | ||||
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] | null | [] | null | en | /static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Arsenikk/Archive_1 | Archive 1 Archive 2 Archive 3 → Archive 5
Hello, Arsenikk, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are some pages that you might find helpful:
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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Wikipedia:Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place {{helpme}} on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Sjakkalle (Check!)
Hei! Welcome to Wikipedia. And welcome to Wikipedia:WikiProject Norway; we can use all the help we can get.
Just made a very minor edit to the excellent article you contributed, Vildanden (airline). Overall an extremely nice bit of work (and especially exceptional for a new contributor). The last sentence of Vildanden puzzles me though; could you perhaps confirm it is correct as written?
Tusen takk - Williamborg
Thanks. What I meant anyway is that the aircraft has www.vildanden.no on the side and the duck logo on the tailplane. Fixed up the sentence a litte. Hope its ok now, if not, be bold. Otherwise I will be trying to go through all the norwegian airport and airline articles and upgrading them, and the odd local bit on Trøndersk stuff Arsenikk
Your current edit reads very well now! Appreciate your taking the time to make it clear. I look forward to seeing more of your work. Williamborg
The Military history WikiProject coordinator election has begun. We will select seven coordinators to serve for the next six months from a pool of eleven candidates. Please vote here by August 26!
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Nice to see another Norwegian join the Wikipedia. Good to have someone who understands Norwegian topics well.
I modified your Trøndelag edit, citing what I thought the relevant Wikipolicy (see discussion page for Trøndelag). If you've got an alternate policy to cite, let's talk; we need to get it straightened out (i.e., get the policy requirements consistent). Skål - Williamborg (Bill)
On 14 September, 2006, Did you know? was updated with a fact from the article Coop NKL, which you created. If you know of another interesting fact from a recently created article, then please suggest it on the "Did you know?" talk page.
Congratulations! Keep up the good work! --Srikeit (Talk | Email)
Hi. I see you recently created Iran Air destinations. Did you know there was also Iran Air Destinations? (I think your spelling is better.) Do you have a view what is best to do about this? (I won't be editing either - I just noticed Qeshm was linked to by both, and thought that odd.) 195.128.251.215
The Original Barnstar For your hard work and dedication to improving Wikipedia, I, Sharkface217, hereby award you this Original Barnstar. Good job! Sharkface217
I noticed you've been adding the infobox to a bunch of airlines. There are quite a few to do, so any contributions in that area are great. However, there have been a couple discussions on putting flags next to city names and the decision was to leave them out, so please just put the city (and country) name in the infobox, but not the flags. Thanks. DB (talk)
Hi there. First of all, thank you for improving the article. It's in much better shape. I was going over some of the citaions you've provided, and I'm concerned about their credibility. Wikipedia can only use sources as described by WP:RS. Sites like UrbanRail.net should generally be avoided because they're self published. Thanks! -- Selmo (talk)
BTW, if you're interested, feel free to join WikiProject Rapid transit.
On December 7, 2006, Did you know? was updated with a fact from the article History of Rapid transit, which you created. If you know of another interesting fact from a recently created article, then please suggest it on the "Did you know?" talk page.
Thankyou Arsenikk for helping to give transportation content representation on DYK! Happy editing, Blnguyen (bananabucket)
Greetings! While reviewing the assessment change log for Wikipedia:WikiProject Airports, I noticed that you created the article Berlevåg Airport. You contribution to improving Wikipedia's collection of airport articles is greatly appreciated. If at all interested, I'd like to extend an invitation to join the project. You can join by simply adding your name to the list of participants. If not interested, please disregard this message. Thanks! thadius856talk|airports|neutrality
On 9 December, 2006, Did you know? was updated with a fact from the article Lysaker Station, which you created. If you know of another interesting fact from a recently created article, then please suggest it on the "Did you know?" talk page.
--GeeJo (t)⁄(c) •
On 14 December, 2006, Did you know? was updated with a fact from the article Rjukanbanen, which you created. If you know of another interesting fact from a recently created article, then please suggest it on the "Did you know?" talk page.
Yomanganitalk
In case you hadn't noticed, Aeroflot Don destinations has been proposed for deletion. NickelShoe (Talk)
Hei, fin artikkel om Verran Sparebank, men jeg måtte skrive den om pga av fusjon med Grong Sparebank. Tar du den også? De har jo blitt en interessant regional faktor i Nord-Trøndelag.
Hello, I've enjoyed your article on Verran Sparebank, but had to rewrite it as they've merged with Grong Sparebank, whom You also might want to write about!? --Orland
I moved the template you created into template space at Template:Infobox tunnel. Cheers!--Kchase T
On January 18, 2007, Did you know? was updated with a fact from the article Trondheim Tramway, which you created or substantially expanded. If you know of another interesting fact from a recently created article, then please suggest it on the "Did you know?" talk page.
Thanks for your contributions! Nishkid64
Hi Arsenikk! You may be interested in this AFD debate, and wonder if you have anything to add about it. From what I can see, the justification for the article is dubious, but there may of course be supporting sources which I have failed to find and which would justify a Wikipedia article. I have seen that you frequently have better sources than I do on transportation issues so any contribution to that discussion would be welcome. Sjakkalle (Check!)
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An editor has nominated Nexus Trafikk, an article on which you have worked or that you created, for deletion. We appreciate your contributions, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in his/her nomination (see also "What Wikipedia is not"). Your opinions on whether the article meets inclusion criteria and what should be done with the article are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nexus Trafikk and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes (~~~~). You may also edit the article during the discussion to improve it but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you. Please note: This is an automatic notification by a bot. I have nothing to do with this article or the deletion nomination, and can't do anything about it. Jayden54Bot
hello, please change the name of 'TGS-NOPEC Geophysical Systems' to 'TGS-NOPEC Geophysical Company' as that is the correct company name...
thank you!
Shannon —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Smorolez (talk • contribs) .
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An editor has nominated Stavanger Station, an article on which you have worked or that you created, for deletion. We appreciate your contributions, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in his/her nomination (see also "What Wikipedia is not"). Your opinions on whether the article meets inclusion criteria and what should be done with the article are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Stavanger Station and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes (~~~~). You may also edit the article during the discussion to improve it but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate. Thank you. Please note: This is an automatic notification by a bot. I have nothing to do with this article or the deletion nomination, and can't do anything about it. Jayden54Bot
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I have tagged Image:Mesta_logo.png as {{no rationale}}, because it does not provide a fair use rationale. If you believe the image to be acceptable for fair use according to Wikipedia policy, please provide a rationale explaining as much, in accordance with the fair use rationale guideline, on the image description page. Please also consider using {{non-free fair use in|article name}} or one of the other tags listed at Wikipedia:Image copyright tags#Fair_use. Thank you. ShakespeareFan00
I have tagged Image:SIVA_logo.gif as {{no rationale}}, because it does not provide a fair use rationale. If you believe the image to be acceptable for fair use according to Wikipedia policy, please provide a rationale explaining as much, in accordance with the fair use rationale guideline, on the image description page. Please also consider using {{non-free fair use in|article name}} or one of the other tags listed at Wikipedia:Image copyright tags#Fair_use. Thank you. ShakespeareFan00
I have tagged Image:Argentum_logo.gif as {{no rationale}}, because it does not provide a fair use rationale. If you believe the image to be acceptable for fair use according to Wikipedia policy, please provide a rationale explaining as much, in accordance with the fair use rationale guideline, on the image description page. Please also consider using {{non-free fair use in|article name}} or one of the other tags listed at Wikipedia:Image copyright tags#Fair_use. Thank you. ShakespeareFan00
The fair-use rationle has to be IN DEPTH, 1-2 lines is NOT suffcient. You might want to see what other uploaders have used. ShakespeareFan00
Hi Arsenikk. You are off to such a great start on the article Regional Health Authority that it may qualify to appear on Wikipedia's Main Page under the Did you know... section. Appearing on the Main Page may help bring publicity and assistance to the article. However, there is a five day from article creation window for Did you know... nominations. Before five days pass from the date the article was created and if you haven't already done so, please consider nominating the article to appear on the Main Page by posting a nomination at Did you know suggestions. If you do nominate the article for DYK, please cross out the article name on the "Good" articles proposed by bot list. Again, great job on the article. -- Jreferee (Talk)
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On 7 July, 2007, Did you know? was updated with a fact from the article Regional Health Authority, which you created or substantially expanded. If you know of another interesting fact from a recently created article, then please suggest it on the Did you know? talk page.
--Carabinieri
On 14 July, 2007, Did you know? was updated with a fact from the article First cabinet Gerhardsen, which you created or substantially expanded. If you know of another interesting fact from a recently created article, then please suggest it on the Did you know? talk page.
--Carabinieri
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Welcome to Wikipedia. It might not have been your intention, but your recent contribution removed content from Trondheim. Please be more careful when editing pages and do not remove content from Wikipedia without a good reason, which should be specified in the edit summary. Take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. If you would like to experiment again, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Gscshoyru
Hi Arsenikk. You are off to such a great start on the article Diplom-Is that it may qualify to appear on Wikipedia's Main Page under the Did you know... section. The Main Page gets about 4,000,000 hits per day and appearing on the Main Page may help bring publicity and assistance to the article. However, there is a five day from article creation window for Did you know... nominations. Before five days pass from the date the article was created and if you haven't already done so, please consider nominating the article to appear on the Main Page by posting a nomination at Did you know suggestions. If you do nominate the article for DYK, please cross out the article name on the "Good" articles proposed by bot list. Also, don't forget to keep checking back at Did you know suggestions for comments regarding your nomination. Again, great job on the article. -- Jreferee (Talk)
Hi Arsenikk,
I would like to ask you a favor, since I am planning on starting a wikiproject by the name WikiProject Trains in Europe if you could consider developing it. Takk for your time! --Hirohisat Talk
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On 2 August, 2007, Did you know? was updated with a fact from the article Alfathi, which you created or substantially expanded. If you know of another interesting fact from a recently created article, then please suggest it on the Did you know? talk page.
--Yomanganitalk
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It's a fine box you have made for Norw. hospitals! Som proposals: State-Run agencies could be Government agencies, to make clear that these are not enterprises like the HF. Eastern and Southern was fusioned by June 1 this year into South-East. Norw. Board og Health ... is now named Norwegian Board of Health Supervision. Should the enterprises within each region be alphabetized? Helge Høi
Did you remove the {{prod}} tag I put on this article without discussion? Murderbike
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A tag has been placed on J. Ludwig Mowinckels Rederi, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia per CSD a7.
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A tag has been placed on Scandinavian Bunkering, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia per CSD A7.
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A tag has been placed on ErgoGroup requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done because the article appears to be about a person, group of people, band, club, company, or web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not assert the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable.
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For guidelines on specific types of articles, you may want to check out our criteria for biographies, for web sites, for bands, or for companies. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. Blanchardb
A tag has been placed on Nor-Cargo, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article seems to be blatant advertising which only promotes a company, product, group, service or person and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become an encyclopedia article. Please read the general criteria for speedy deletion, particularly item 11, as well as the guidelines on spam.
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Sorry about that
As you probably know already, the new page patrol is entirely voluntary and I decided to give it a shot. I have nominated, I believe, about 30 articles today for speedy deletion, and all but three of them have been deleted - two of those being kept were yours, the third one had been substantially modified by the time the tag was removed. In many other articles I have added the {{clean}}, {{unsourced}}, and/or {{wiki}} tags which are not requests for administrator intervention, but rather an invitation for article improvement. Sometimes, in this kind of work, we are to exert judgment - and sometimes judgment fails.
I once had one of my own articles marked for speedy deletion, only to see the request declined. All I can tell you is, that sort of things happens. That it happened to the same person twice on the same day is... well... not particularly enjoyable for that person. But I am happy, under the circumstances, after reviewing what I was asking for, that my request was declined. --Blanchardb
Your requested move from Nycomed Holdings A/S – Nycomed was successful. Apologies for the lengthy request response time. Rudget Contributions
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Hitra Wind Farm, an article you created, has been nominated for deletion. We appreciate your contributions. However, an editor does not feel that Hitra Wind Farm satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination space (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and the Wikipedia deletion policy). Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hitra Wind Farm and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes (~~~~). You are free to edit the content of Hitra Wind Farm during the discussion but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. – Mike.lifeguard | @en.wb
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A tag has been placed on K7 Bulletin requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a person or group of people, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not assert the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable, as well as our subject-specific notability guideline for biographies.
If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding {{hangon}} to the top of the article (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the article's talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Ridernyc
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Institute for Research in Economics and Business Administration, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice explains why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the {{dated prod}} notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. If you endorse deletion of the article, and you are the only person who has made substantial edits to the page, please add {{db-author}} to the top of the page. DGG (talk)
Hi, it's time to appreciate your focus on Norway-related articles, particularly the many companies, agencies, organizations etc. It helps readers understand Norway better. It is a real shame that you have to put up with the widespread speedying, prodding and afd'ing of your articles. If you like, feel free to let me know in case of an AFD etc.
As you might have noticed I like to create articles on Norwegian things as well, but I mostly concentrate on various biographies and sports. After seeing your last creation (Terra) I started to think about other similar topics we need, i.e. Finance Credit, Carl Fredrik Seim, The 5 Percent Community. I don't really like to "pile" tasks on other editors, but you do these things well, so... If you have no objections I might bring some future requests to your attention. Feel free to do the same the other way around. Punkmorten (talk)
Hello, this is a message from an automated bot. A tag has been placed on Stein Ole Larsen, by another Wikipedia user, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. The tag claims that it should be speedily deleted because Stein Ole Larsen seems to be about a person, group of people, band, club, company, or web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not assert the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable.
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A tag has been placed on Geir Waage requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a person or group of people, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not assert the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable, as well as our subject-specific notability guideline for biographies.
If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding {{hangon}} to the top of the article (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the article's talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Whitstable
Hi,
I noticed that your talk page is starting to get rather large.
If you would like, you can Archiveyour page so that it not so crowded. For more information click here
The Helpful One (Talk) (Contributions)
Hi... this time I'm very sorry to nag on you like everyone else, but I really don't reckon Norwegian mayors are notable (and worthy of inclusion) unless they did something special. I think I will actually AFD Ole Tronstad. WP:AFDP says "Municipal politicians: Municipal politicians are not inherently notable just for being in politics, but neither are they inherently non-notable just because they're in local politics — evaluate each case on its own individual merits. Mayors of major cities have usually survived AFD, although the article should say more than just "Jane Doe is the mayor of Cityville". Mayors of smaller towns, however, are generally deemed not notable just for being mayors, although they may be notable for other reasons in addition to their mayoralty". I unfortunately believe Tronstad fails. The similar case could be made for the mayors of Hemnes, Hattfjelldal etc although they are more borderline. Punkmorten
Concerning Ole Tronstad I would claim that he is on the right side of the border because of his length of term and involvement in other aspects of politics, but I have understanding if you disagree. Concerning the mayors of Hemnes and Hattfjelldal though, their notability is not related to their position as Mayor of their respective hamlets par cet, but for being involved in the Terra Securities scandal. Because of the massive, excessive and prolonged intensity of this case in the media, the four "Nordland-mayors" have all became notable through this case. Per this mid-week there were more than 7,000 media articles related to the case published, and a significant number of them refer to these mayors. Arsenikk
Which other aspects? But yeah I will probably leave the "Terra mayors" alone. Hope this won't be a big setback for your productivity here :) Punkmorten
On 4 December, 2007, Did you know? was updated with a fact from the article Terra Securities scandal, which you created or substantially expanded. If you know of another interesting fact from a recently created article, then please suggest it on the Did you know? talk page.
--Royalbroil
Hi, I'm proposing to redirect a lot of the House of Justice member pages, see here: Talk:Universal House of Justice#Merge proposal Cuñado ☼ - Talk
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placed on talk pages of all participants
I wanted to get a notion of the level of activity of people who are members of WikiProject Companies with respect to monitoring the WikiProject Talk page and participating in discussions of interest and/or responding to requests for input.
Could you please visit Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Companies/Member information#2008 Quarter 1 (Jan-Mar): Talk page monitoring survey and adding yourself to one or more of the several groupings listed?
Thanks for your assistance.
--User:Ceyockey (talk to me)
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Hej!
Jag har ändrat lite på några artiklar som du skrivit ang. Meråkerbanen och Nordlansbanen. Eftersom du skriver i många järnbaneartiklar vill bara göra dig uppmärksam på att Nordlandsbanen går mellan Hell och Bodö (ej Trondheim - Hell) och Meråkerbanen går mellan Trondheim och Storlien (inkl Trondheim - Hell). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.255.67.152 (talk)
I utgangspunktet ville jeg vært enig med deg, men ifølge denne linken [1] fra Jernbaneverket går banen fra Hell til Storlien, og ikke fra Trondheim. Jeg prøver egentlig å unngå å skrive spesifikt om dette, men vil forholde meg til denne referansen med mindre jeg kommer over en annen en som motbeviser det (følgelig fra Jernbaneverket). Arsenikk (talk)
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Hi there. I see you've removed my addition of "AS" from the opening line for the Vitusapotek article; the article title "Vitusapotek" is correct, and should not change, but I always understood that the full name (of "Vitusapotek AS" in this case) should be included in the title sentence in bold (see Wikipedia:NC-CORP, 4th paragraph). The rest of the article then reverts to the common name, Vitusapotek. Examples are Royal Bank of Scotland and Wal-Mart.
What do you think? Carbonix (talk)
Hi. I agree with you on your interpretation of the rules. The reason I did this was that as I see it that while the article Norsk Medisinaldepot is about the company, the article Vitusapotek is about the chain, and not about the company. And since 2007 Norsk Medisinaldept, NMD Grossisthandel and Vitusapotek have been merged into one legal entity. As such I have also added 'AS' to Norsk Medisinaldepot's heading, but removed it from Vitusapotek. Arsenikk (talk)
Right. I can see what you mean and eventually found the 'merging' you refer to; I was relying too heavily on the company's website and even their contact address, which still use AS! Carbonix (talk)
Kristins løftebrudd er relevant for artikkelen, akkurat som Watergate skulle være relevant for Richard Nixon. Nastykermit (talk) —Preceding comment was added at
There are a number of critical errors to the comment added about Halvorsen. First, the election was in 2005, not in 2006. Second, there are used a number of wiesel words that should be avoided in Wikipedia. But the most critical part, and the reason for me reverting your edit was that the last sentence, "and this is today seen as one of the biggest lies and broken promises made a Norwegian politician." cannot under any way be seed as encyclopedic. The problem lays in that the claim cannot be verifiable for the population as a whole. And even if some people feel this way, it would be incorrect to generalize about the topic as such. Further, you should be careful (even if it is difficult sometimes) when writing about living people, even if they are politicians. This whole claim should be verified through independent third-party sources. Don't be surprised if it is removed if this claim cannot be verified. Thanks for contributing to Wikipedia; remember to be bold. Arsenikk (talk)
You cant have one without the other. Halvorsen failed to honor her promise and its vital for an objective WIKI biography thayt we mention all sides. Lets try to keep party politics outside this. Nastykermit (talk) —Preceding comment was added at
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Hello,
Can you please provide me with the reference to the birth date of Farzam Arbab? I have changed it to the date found here: [2] for now.
Regards, T0lk (talk)
My source was http://bahaikipedia.org/Farzam_Arbab which agrees with your date. So this has probably been a transcription error from my side. Arsenikk (talk)
No problem, I find that I make tons of mistakes when I do this kind of work :p T0lk (talk)
Hi I was wondering if you could help save this article from deletion. Its currently up for afd. I;m certain something in Norwegian can be translated to expand it. I think it is notable but google is lacking. Could you consider seeing (this and This ) and try to expand it. Brynjar Å is also another form of the name. Could you help mate? ♦Blofeld of SPECTRE♦ $1,000,000?
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Hey Arsenikk, I asked a question about what some of the parameters at Template:Infobox tunnel mean, maybe you can help. Cheers, --Commander Keane (talk)
Hi! Why did you change the link to Tore O. Sandvik to Tore Sandvik? Tore Sandvik seems to be another person, an orienteerer. Punkmorten (talk)
Sorry about that, my mistake, I though I checked that out a few days ago when I was converting some other red links, but I must have gotten things mixed up. Thanks for letting me know though. Arsenikk (talk)
Finally we have pages for all the current ministries. Hurra! And thanks. Punkmorten (talk)
Category:Directors of government agencies of Norway - new category. Punkmorten (talk)
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On 29 April, 2008, Did you know? was updated with a fact from the article Norwegian Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development , which you created or substantially expanded. If you know of another interesting fact from a recently created article, then please suggest it on the Did you know? talk page.
--Bedford
If sources are added, Norwegian Universities and Colleges Admission Service could be a DYK too. Punkmorten (talk)
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Hi! I took a stab at creating business bios Wenche Kjølås and Annette Malm Justad. I hope they are satisfactory. The business world is important and your contributions have been most valuable. We need Jens Ulltveit-Moe. Happy 17 May! Punkmorten (talk)
By the way: A group of editors spearheaded by Knut Olav Åmås will release a Who's Who book in late 2008 or early 2009, with profiles of 1000 influential Norwegians. Rather exciting. Our coverage of politics is approaching a fair level of broadness now, but we need to develop the fields of academia, the legal system, bureaucracy, (interest) organizations (including LO, NHO), industry and business, religious life.. You just keep up your great work :) Punkmorten (talk)
You're on a roll! Punkmorten (talk)
The Editor's Barnstar For your substantial and dedicated efforts in creating new work, it is my pleasure to award you this barnstar. Editors like you strive to make this work more complete and your efforts are deeply appreciated. Pedro : Chat
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The Hidden Page Barnstar I award you one for finding User:Trekphiler's page for people who always think that "new message" bar is real. Aren't you glad you checked your mail? Trekphiler (talk)
BTW, what brought you to my page to begin with? Trekphiler (talk)
If it's tagged wrong, you need to fix the page, 'cause it said Sweden. (Or I thought it did... I may well have misread it, I was tagging a few in a bit of a hurry.) Trekphiler (talk)
Hi! Any idea which English name to use for the defunct government agency Statens Informasjonstjeneste? Cf. the new article Odd Strand. Punkmorten (talk)
You're right in that there's a number of different things going on in different cases. Some types are approved "speedily", and some (at least in theory) take five days. Add to which, some are only proposed as upmerged templates, and some already exist as such. In the case of your proposal, I assumed you were already aware of (some of) the distinction(s), given your "based on S2" comment -- which is indeed, I think, a sufficient condition for speedy creation, if there is indeed at least 60 such stubs at present, hence my support. (If there's not, I'd instead suggest creation of an upmerged template.) Hope that helps somewhat. Alai (talk)
On 31 May, 2008, Did you know? was updated with a fact from the article Lutvann, which you created or substantially expanded. If you know of another interesting fact from a recently created article, then please suggest it on the Did you know? talk page.
--BorgQueen (talk)
Dear friend. Transportation Demand Management is a technical term widely used in transportation engineering, usually refered as TDM, and similar to the term Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), so I think your unconsulted change of the name is wrong. I kindly request you undo it and raise the issue for discussion in the Talk page. Mariordo (talk)
On 4 June, 2008, Did you know? was updated with a fact from the article Finse Tunnel, which you created or substantially expanded. If you know of another interesting fact from a recently created article, then please suggest it on the Did you know? talk page.
--BorgQueen (talk)
Thanks Alasdair. You should also know that I like, and spend some time watching your contributions list. I like to read your great contributions to Norwegian related articles. Rettetast (talk)
And your recent 19th-century bios inspired me to create a slew of notables from the Skien and Porsgrunn area. Good sources are lying around, fortunately. Most of them were related in some way, through intricate marriages. Punkmorten (talk)
Haha, just like my hometown—where everyone is everyones second cousin. Good work on these ancient people, and amazing good references you have found. Personally I was just removing red links on Bergensbanen with some library books. Arsenikk (talk)
Hello there!
On the page Metro-Airport (VTA), you removed Category:Airport rail links and added Category:Railway stations serving airports in the United Kingdom.
I've reverted this change as this light rail station is located in the United States, not the United Kingdom. If you've made similar changes to other articles, you may want to check them to ensure that those changes are acurate.
Take care.
--Brianvdb (talk)
Thanks; I was having some problems with HotCat, and went through an extra time to double check all the UK/US articles, but I guess one just slipped through. Thanks for fixing it up and letting me know :) Arsenikk (talk)
I've categorized the Mountain View - Winchester (VTA) article as Category:Airport rail links and the station serving the airport in Category:Railway stations serving airports in the United States. Hope that is to your approval. Arsenikk (talk)
Looks great. Thanks! --Brianvdb (talk)
Hello!
I found your name on the list of WP:WikiProject Trains participants where I also noticed you're from Norway. I thought you'd maybe be interested in taking a look at something that I think someone like you could fix easily.
Škabo is an article about a Serbian rapper. One of the redirects to this article is Skabo which seems to be a short version of Skabo Jernbanevognfabrikk and I'm led to believe that this was a Norwegian manufacturer of trains. There seem to be a few articles that link to Skabo but they are then incorrectly redirected to the article about the Serbian rapper.
I took an educated guess that you might be one of the better qualified people on here to write at least a stub on Skabo Jernbanevognfabrikk so that train articles that contain a link to Skabo are not redirected to Škabo. I would have done it myself but a Google search on Skabo Jernbanevognfabrikk brings up almost exclusively Norwegian articles so I really can't come up with any verifiable material.
Let me know if this is something you might be able to do or if, maybe, I should bring it up to the WPTrains community in general.
Peace! SWik78 (talk • contribs)
Thanks for the note. Skabo Jernbanevognfabrikk is on my mental list of articles to write "some day"; at present it is not near the top, partially due to lack of good sources. Since I am responsible for most of these links myself, what should be done is that Skabo becomes a disambiguation page and that links to Škabo and Skabo Jernbanevognfabrikk, and that I try to get better at not linking directly to Skabo. I can not promise to get around to this immediately, but I can look into it soon. Arsenikk (talk)
That sounds like a workable solution. I was hoping to avoid a disambiguation page with a red-linked entry but I guess, acording to WP:MOSDAB, there's no harm in it until we gather up enough material for a stub.
Thanks for responding.
Peace! SWik78 (talk • contribs)
There seems to be an article on the Norwegian Wikipedia (with references), so translation should be imminent. I will do some dabbing, and get around to it soon. Arsenikk (talk)
I have fixed the incoming links to Skabo. Rettetast (talk)
Thanks Rettetast. I've written the article now; it has about as many lines with reference as content. Might look around for more tomorrow and see if I can get it up to DYK standards. Arsenikk (talk)
On 10 June, 2008, Did you know? was updated with a fact from the article Ringeriksbanen, which you created or substantially expanded. If you know of another interesting fact from a recently created article, then please suggest it on the Did you know? talk page.
--BorgQueen (talk)
Apax Partners acquired Telenor Satellite Services which was a subsidiary of Telenor for which there is no article on Wikipedia. If you think it is not productive or confusing to keep it on there it can come out. |► ϋ r b a n я e n e w a l ◄| (talk)
By the way if you are interested in private equity I having been working on a history of private equity and venture capital that I am trying to get someone to read and provide comments / edits. |► ϋ r b a n я e n e w a l ◄| (talk)
That is one impressive article you have written. I will most certainly look into it; private equity is one of my interests. Arsenikk (talk)
Given your comments earlier, would love to get your help on Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2008 June 10#Category:Companies with current or prior private equity ownership|► ϋ r b a n я e n e w a l ◄| (talk)
The Norwegian Barnstar of National Merit For your fine contributions to Norwegian articles, in particular Norwegian rail transport and politics. Manxruler (talk)
Thank you as well. I enjoy the fact that you use good referencing in your articles, and user boxes, those are always good to have. Keep filling in those gaps and continued good luck with the editing to you too. Manxruler (talk)
Hi, when you add categories to articles, as with Travel, please make sure that the article is not already in the category via a parent. In the case of Travel, that article is in Category:Travel, which is itself a member of Category:Transportation, so it is not necessary (or desirable) to add the article directly to Category:Transportation. Happy editing! --MCB (talk)
They seem to be to be more general than trucks. Trailers hooked to cars have them, for example. So please think more widely when you remove a category. I believe you are mistaken in your categorisation. Fiddle Faddle (talk)
Thanks for the feedback. I am attempting to clean up Category:Transportation that was a mess, and remove all topics not in the core to subcategories. I appreciate your concerns, and I will look a little harder for a good category for this; I hope you understand I do not consider it a central topic in transport, even if it is used between modes. Arsenikk (talk)
Oddly not central, but strangely universal. A paradox. Fiddle Faddle (talk)
Not that I've looked, but is there a cat "Transportation Equipment"? That might suit better. I see where you're headed. A drawbar is also used in aviation, to link the tug to the nosewheel for pushing back. They get everywhere! Fiddle Faddle (talk)
Thanks for the review, but I'd like to counter some of your points which don't quite make sense: 1a) Infoboxes are not mandatory, and in this case, there would be very little information to add to one (making it pointless adding one...) 2a) Ref 1 is fixed, and ref 9 has no title because it is the same book as ref 4. You obviously don't understand how citing books works. See WP:CITE. 3a) There is little information in the article because the information simply doesn't exist. If you had read the article, you would have found that: "Little is known about the company's designs." As you can see, I used a wide range of books for the research, but indeed found little information. — Wackymacs (talk ~ edits)
On 15 June, 2008, Did you know? was updated with a fact from the article Skabo Jernbanevognfabrikk, which you created or substantially expanded. If you know of another interesting fact from a recently created article, then please suggest it on the Did you know? talk page.
--Gatoclass (talk)
Hi again. Did you realise your latest DYK, Skabo Jernbanevognfabrikk, isn't listed at Wikipedia:Recent additions? Strange. Manxruler (talk)
Thanks for letting me know. I have asked the good man who administrated the DYK look into the matter. Arsenikk (talk)
Thanks for the heads up. Another admin left a note to say he didn't have time to do the credits but I didn't realize he hadn't updated the archive either. Problem is now fixed. Gatoclass (talk)
Hi. I saw that you removed Personal Rapid Transit from the Transport category, and added it to the Rail category, which wasn't quite correct. I presume this is because you are trying to rationalize the Transport category, and PRT isn't really appropriate as a top-level category? If that's the case, then I agree, but it does need to be categorized in the hierarchy somewhere. To that end, I've created a new category, Automated Guideway Transport, which includes PRT, Dual-Mode, and Automated People Movers. I'm taking my queues from the American Public Transportation Association, which classifies all of these modes under the AGT label, and in turn seems worthy of top-level inclusion in the Transport category. What do you think? Skybum (talk)
Good idea. To be quite honest I know very litle about PRT, so I was a little confused as to the categorization. The general rule seems to be that if it considered a mode of transport, it can go in Category:Transportation; if it is not a separate mode it goes under the modes respective category.
There does seem to be a category called Category:Alternatives to conventional railways with the description "The articles in this category describe transportation technologies that are like railways in that vehicles move along fixed structures that guide their movements (and typically restrict it to either backwards or forwards), but which differ from conventional railways in that the vehicles do not rest on steel wheels that roll along two parallel rails. Both existing and hypothetical technologies belong here." I would claim that this would be the proper category to stick PRT and similar into. Concerning rail transport as a mode, it is related to the guiding, rather than use of actual tracks. Unfortunately the mode has a somewhat misleading name for this understanding.
My final concern is the categorizationcapitalization of the category; only proper nouns are to be categorizedcapitalized using only capital letters, see WP:TITLE#Lowercase second and subsequent words in titles. The link you provided is filled with capitalization errors, in case you wondered. Arsenikk (talk)
Okay, I'll definitely fix the capitalization errors, and thanks for pointing that out. It seems to me, based on what you're saying, that PRT should indeed be included in the root transportation category, as it is a distinctive mode of transit that is almost entirely unlike rail. It does use guideways that superficially resemble rails, but this is no more indicative of its functionality than the fact that cars, buses, and trains all use wheels. Unlike trains -- or any other "alternatives to trains" -- PRT does not do fixed-route, fixed-schedule, line-haul operations. Rather, it uses small vehicles that are available on demand, which can self-navigate through an ad-hoc mesh network -- much more like cars on roads than trains on rails. Functionally, the closest to PRT would be taxis, rather than trains. Since PRT, by definition, can never use large vehicles, human drivers, scheduled service, or line-haul configurations, I don't feel that it is appropriate to categorize it with other systems that generally have all of these features.
(If you're having some difficulty picturing how PRT works, based on my description, check out this 3.5-minute promotional video from PRT vendor, which illustrates the technology fairly well.)
The only potential problem with including PRT as a top-level transit category -- and the reason I thought that you'd removed it -- is that is currently exceedingly rare, and hence potentially not notable enough for top-level categorization. Although a number of prototype systems have been built over the years, there is only one quasi-PRT system currently in public use, another full-PRT system under construction, and several more in the late planning stage. If you don't think that rarity is a disqualifier, then let's put it as a top-level category. If it is a disqualifier, then automated guideway transport definitely seems like the place to put it. Even though the network structures and service capabilities of AGT and PRT bear no similarity to each other, at least it would then be lumped in with other transit systems that are always fully-automated, and generally use much smaller vehicles than rail systems (although not as small as PRT). Skybum (talk)
Thanks for a good video :) From what I could see, it is structurally such as maglev: "like railways in that vehicles move along fixed structures that guide their movements" (note: guide, not dictate). I fear that if PRT was included in Transportation, a lot of other stuff would have to; not that I as such have anything against many top-category articles. To compare: a bus, automobile and an electric forklift all belong to the same mode, since they have wheels on a a (sort of) flat surface, and can control themselves, yet their operation can be of immense difference. My opinion is that PRT belongs in Category:Alternatives to conventional railways, not Category:Transportation. If you feel the former category should go straight into the latter, that might be a correct solution; I do not know. I also notice there is no top level article for the former (preferably with a better name). Arsenikk (talk)
Glad you liked the video! I see your reasoning in regards to the top-level Transportation category, but I still have qualms about including it in Category:Alternatives to conventional railways. Possibly I'm biased; I've been studying PRT for almost a decade, and have come to believe that one of the most striking things about it is how completely unlike a train it is -- so defining it relation to trains just kind of rankles, if you don't mind me saying so. It's almost exactly midway between being an alternative to a train and an alternative to a car. On the other hand, many kind of non-PRT AGT systems absolutely do functions as train alternatives, so the AGT category definitely belongs there, even if PRT does not. So, I don't know -- the problem with category trees is that they imply singular rigid ontological hierarchies on things that actually are very multifaceted, fuzzy, and overlapping. Perhaps the best way to organize the transportation categories would be in several parallel streams: one covering the physical aspect (roads / rails and other guideways / animals / water / wings / et cetera), and another covering the usage (public transport / private transport / Industrial / et cetera)? Just a thought. Skybum (talk)
Hi! At the new Minister of the Navy and Postal Affairs (Norway), I made up a system to distinguish between different names of ministries without making new tables for every "era" (like it's done on e.g. Minister of Finance (Norway)). It certainly looks cleaner. Do you like it? Punkmorten (talk)
Looks good :) Arsenikk (talk)
I hope you don't mind terribly, but I just moved your article on the ferry named Hydro to SF Hydro in order to conform with English language conventions. Dampferge is after all steam ferry in English. A similar thing was done when DS Donau was moved to SS Donau. Congratulations with MF Storegut, by the way. A lead article with its image on the main page and everything. Great work indeed. :) Manxruler (talk)
I have no idea as to the naming conventions to ships; I presume you are better informed and trust your decision. All I have ever written on ships is the Tinnsjø ferries. Arsenikk (talk)
I presume that DF Ammonia and DF Rjukanfoss should be moved too then? Arsenikk (talk)
I would recommend that, yes. For more on the naming of ships, see Wikipedia:Naming conventions (ships), although that article deals mostly with military ships. Manxruler (talk)
Sorry to bother you of all the project members but i`ve a question and i liked the fact that i`ve been here only one day longer than you (And i have no barnstars. Sad)
In the Spanish wikipedia there is a template that allows long Refferences lists to be put in a text box with scrollbar, really useful, i think.
Here is an example http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico
How can that be added to the tools in the english wikipedia?
I`ll apreciate an answer, wheter on my talk page or here. Thanks Zidane tribal (talk)
Hi. I am sorry, but there is no such template on the English Wikipedia. The reason is that Wikipedia:Citing sources states: "Scrolling lists, for example of references, should never be used because of issues with readability, accessibility, printing, and site mirroring. Additionally, it cannot be guaranteed that such lists will display properly in all web browsers." What I recoment instead is using {{reflist|2}} to create a references list over two or three coulombs (depending on the average length of each). This usually reduces the length by a fair amount. I am sorry I gave your the answer you did not want, but I believe it is for the better. Happy editing Arsenikk (talk)
On 19 June, 2008, Did you know? was updated with a fact from the article MF Storegut, which you created or substantially expanded. If you know of another interesting fact from a recently created article, then please suggest it on the Did you know? talk page.
--Gatoclass (talk)
Nice work with the Big Boy! --Orland (talk)
Thanks for the compliments :) Arsenikk (talk)
Hi. Can't find this either on Wikipedia:Recent additions. Lead article and all, nowhere to be found in the recents. Manxruler (talk)
I am somewhat glad you keep checking the recent additions ;) Thanks, Arsenikk (talk)
You're welcome. I do like to keep track on the recent Norwegian DYKs. I've just prodded the folks over at Portal:Norway to update the Portal:Norway/DYK. We've got, by my count, nine DYKs not yet listed there. Manxruler (talk)
Thanks very much for the barnstar. Greatly appreciated, especially from such a redoubtable editor as yourself. Best, Gr1st (talk)
Dear Arsenikk,
I read your poisonous message and would like to make it clear to you that I did NOT propose to merge the transport and shipping articles. What I DID propose is to merge shipping INTO transport. Before you say it’s all the same, let me point out to you that there are TWO different templates, one for each case. You may read all about it at Wikipedia:Merging_and_moving_pages.
I did NOT stated any reason for the proposal, because I have more important things to do, like educating young students.
Your happiness is of no concern to me whatsoever, but I already wrote a justification for the merger, as short as I could, just to humor me.
I do not care to discuss my proposal with you or anyone else. Again, I have better things to do. You or anybody else can do with my proposal whatever you see fit.
Fear not. You are welcome to remove those two banners or anything else that you feel like, if you believe that by doing so you are providing a service to the Wikipedia readers.
My further advice to you is that you should NEVER write a message to any registered user invoking rules that do not exist and that you are unable to cite. You statement that a merger proposal has no function without an accompanying discussion is FALSE. Proof?
It made you write that message to me, wich
made me write a brief justification, and
compelled me to give you a piece of my mind, hoping that you’ll learn something from the experience (better now and here, than on the job, believe me!)
Further evidence?
What you find in Wikipedia:Merging_and_moving_pages is After proposing the merger, place your reasons on the talk page. That is not QUITE the same thing as you wrote. Although the editor of that phrase, obviously, left out the word PLEASE, it is clearly assumed that whoever made the proposal is interested in invoking a response and proceed with the merger. Well, I’m NOT. If I was, I would have proceed with it, as explained on the same Wikipedia page. As it is also made plainly clear there, I do NOT need to discuss that with you or anybody else, much less ask for your or anybody else’s permission to do it.
Being a student of Business Administration, a native speaker of English, having studied logistics and economics, whose main areas of interest on Wikipedia are within transport (including rail transport, aviation, public transport and shipping) it baffles me that you had to ask ME for a reason to merge those two articles. You ought to know that yourself.
Furthermore, you might consider changing that link on your user’s page from shipping to ship transport. Just a thought. Rest assured that my happiness does not depend on you doing it or not.
Good luck in your studies. Take as much advantage of them as you can (one final, unsolicited but also free advice).
Best regards,
Virgilio A. P. Machado
vapmachado talk.cw
Thanks for pointing that out, especially since that update had one of my own hooks in it as well!
The problem is that User:Bedford has not been archiving the previous hooks when he posts an update. I don't know why he is not doing this, I'll have to have a word to him about it. Regards, Gatoclass (talk)
WOW. In one edit! Rettetast (talk)
On 27 June, 2008, Did you know? was updated with a fact from the article Norwegian Industrial Workers Museum, which you created or substantially expanded. If you know of another interesting fact from a recently created article, then please suggest it on the Did you know? talk page.
--EncycloPetey (talk)
On 27 June, 2008, Did you know? was updated with a fact from the article Norsk Hydro Rjukan, which you created or substantially expanded. If you know of another interesting fact from a recently created article, then please suggest it on the Did you know? talk page.
--BorgQueen (talk)
On 30 June, 2008, Did you know? was updated with a fact from the article Norsk Transport, which you created or substantially expanded. If you know of another interesting fact from a recently created article, then please suggest it on the Did you know? talk page.
--BorgQueen (talk)
On 30 June, 2008, Did you know? was updated with a fact from the article Trondheim Central Station, which you created or substantially expanded. If you know of another interesting fact from a recently created article, then please suggest it on the Did you know? talk page.
--BorgQueen (talk)
The English Wikinews is going to be organizing an interview with the former Norwegian Culture Minister Åse Kleveland. She was also the head of the Swedish Film Institute and is now the chairwoman of the Norwegian Humanist Association. I am asking Wikipedians from all of the Scandinavian languages to contribute questions to her upcoming interview with Wikinews in Oslo. The page is here; please leave questions there and comments to me either on my en.wikinews talk page or my en.wikipedia talk page. Thank you very much! Mike H. Fierce!
Whenever you have a chance to respond to me, please do. :) Mike H. Fi | ||||
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] | null | Template:Infobox Defunct Company Verran Sparebank was a Norwegian savings bank, located at Venneshamn in Mosvik municipality from 1907 to 2006. It merged with Grong Sparebank in 2006, who took over its assets and local customers. The bank had assets of NOK 85 million and three employees when it... | en | /skins-ucp/mw139/common/favicon.ico | Cooperatives Wiki | https://coop.fandom.com/wiki/Verran_Sparebank | Template:Infobox Defunct Company
Verran Sparebank was a Norwegian savings bank, located at Venneshamn in Mosvik municipality from 1907 to 2006. It merged with Grong Sparebank in 2006, who took over its assets and local customers. The bank had assets of NOK 85 million and three employees when it ceased operation in 2006.
History[]
Verran Sparebank was founded in 1907 to serve as a local bank for the municipalities of Verran and Mosvik. Already in 1909 the bank got its first female chairman. The bank was a member of the Terra bank alliance, and was one of four savings banks in the county of Nord-Trøndelag to remain independent. The others joined the regional Sparebanken Midt-Norge. Because Grong Sparebank, Verran Sparebank's merger partner, was one of the other independent savings banks, that number of independent savings banks is currently reduced to three.
At the time of merger, Verran Sparebank was the smallest independent bank in Norway.
no:Verran Sparebank | ||
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6490 | dbpedia | 3 | 19 | https://www.dokpro.uio.no/namn/bibliografi.html | en | BIBLIOGRAFI | [] | [] | [] | [
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] | null | [] | null | null | Terje Larsen:
Norsk stadnamnbibliografi � førebels nettversjon.
Desember 1998
Kommentarar kan sendast til E-post: s-na@inl.uio.no
A[ustigard], B[jørn] og K[åre] M[agne] H[olsbøvåg] 1991: Fleire sund-namn på landjorda. I: Romsdal Sogelag. Årsskrift 1991:181-182.
Adresser og stadnamn. 1986: Del 1: Handbok i kommunal adressetildeling. Utgitt av Statens kartverk, Miljøverndepartementet og Norske Kommuners Sentralforbund, august 1986. 124 s. Meldingar: Hallaråker, P. 1988, Jørgensen, P. 1987.
Ager-Hansen, A[lv] 1961-63: Landskyld i gardsnamn frå folkevandringstida [Øres-, Ørs-, Laus-, Ørte-]. I: Heimen XII (1961-1963):258-259.
Ager-Hanssen, A[lv] 1959: Mannsnamnet Gram og Gramstad i Høyland. I: Ætt og heim 1959: 140.
Agerholt, Johan 1922-25: [Melding av] Indrebø, Gustav 1924. I: Heimen I (1922-25):382-386.
Akselberg, Gunnstein 1979: Noko om stadnamn frå Voss. Bergen. XIV, 472 s. (Utrykt hovudoppgåve.)
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Andersen, O[le] Heitmann 1944a: Det norske folks busetning og landnåm belyst ved stedsnavnene. Oslo. Første del 246 s. Annen del 199 s.
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Andersen, O[le] Heitmann 1946: Stedsnavnenes grammatiske former. En kort orientering. Oslo. 72 s.
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Hallan, Nils 1956-57: De første opptegnelser om bygdeborger i Trøndelag. I: Det kgl. Norske videnskabers Selskab. Museet. Årbok. 1956-57:103-112.
Hallan, Nils 1958: Eit skipsnamn og ein erkebiskop [Vad-]. I: Det kgl. Norske videnskabers selskab. Museet. Årbok 1958:85-90.
Hallan, Nils 1959: Stadnamna. Gardsnamna. I: Hemneboka. Ei bygdebok for Hemne Prestegjeld (herad Heim, Hemne, Snillfjord og Vinje). Første halvband. Bygdesoga fram til år 1700. Utgjeve av kommunane Heim, Hemne, Snillfjord og Vinje. [Kyrksæterøra] | ||||||||
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6490 | dbpedia | 3 | 1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grong_Sparebank | en | Grong Sparebank | https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico | https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico | [
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] | 2007-07-23T09:55:47+00:00 | en | /static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grong_Sparebank | Grong Sparebank is a Norwegian savings bank based in Grong. The bank is affiliated with the Eika-Gruppen alliance and has branch offices in Grong, Namsos, Steinkjer and Mosjøen.[1] Total assets are NOK 9,5 billion.
History
[edit]
The sparebank was founded on April 7, 1862, to serve Grong Parish, that included both Grong, Harran, Høylandet and Røyrvik.[2] By 1905, both Høylandet and Harran wanted to have separate banks, and the bank was split into three branches. In 1955, the bank created a separate branch in Røyrvik and Bergsmo, the later being closed in 1997. The year 1975 saw the merger between Grong Sparebank and Lierne Sparebank, though until 2000 there was a separate board of directors for the Lierne branch. In the 2000s, the bank expanded with a branch in Steinkjer and in 2006 it merged with the smallest bank in Norway, Verran Sparebank in Framverran in Mosvik.
References
[edit]
Official website | ||||
6490 | dbpedia | 2 | 18 | https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/9223748https:/en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/3758659 | en | Sparebanken Midt | [
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] | null | [] | null | Infobox Company company name = Sparebanken Midt Norge company company type = Savings bank foundation = 1823 location = Oslo, Norway key people = Finn Haugan (CEO) area served = Trøndelag, Norway industry = Banking products = revenue = operating… | en | https://en-academic.com/favicon.ico | Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias | https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/3758659 | Infobox Company
company_name = Sparebanken Midt-Norge
company_
company_type = Savings bank
foundation = 1823
location = Oslo, Norway
key_people = Finn Haugan (CEO)
area_served = Trøndelag, Norway
industry = Banking
products =
revenue =
operating_income =
net_income =
num_employees = 711 (2005)
parent =
subsid =
homepage = [http://www.smn.no www.smn.no]
footnotes =
Sparebanken Midt-Norge (ose|MING) is a Norwegian savings bank based in Trøndelag. The bank has 71 branches in 51 municipalities in Central Norway and is part of the bank alliance SpareBank 1. In Nord-Trøndelag and Sør-Trøndelag the bank is branded SpareBank 1 Midt-Noge while it is branded SpareBank 1 Romsdals Fellesbank in Møre og Romsdal. The company has its head office in Trondheim.
The bank has total assets of NOK 46 billion, making it the 9th largest bank in Norway. In Trøndelag the bank has a marked share of 38% while it has a 28% marked share in Romsdal. The bank serves both private customers in addition to agricultural, small and medium sized businesses in addition to the public sector.
History
Though the bank has its roots bank to 1823, Sparebanken Midt-Norge was created in 1984 when 23 savings banks in Trøndelag merged to create a regional savings bank. In 1988 Spareskillingsbanken was also merged into the bank. The bank created grunnfondsbevis in 1994 and listed itself on Oslo Stock Exchange. In 1996 it was one of the founding banks of the alliance SpareBank 1, where it today holds a 19.5% ownership. In 2005 it bought the commercial bank Romsdals Fellesbank.
External links | ||||
6490 | dbpedia | 0 | 6 | https://www.dokpro.uio.no/namn/bibliografi.html | en | BIBLIOGRAFI | [] | [] | [] | [
""
] | null | [] | null | null | Terje Larsen:
Norsk stadnamnbibliografi � førebels nettversjon.
Desember 1998
Kommentarar kan sendast til E-post: s-na@inl.uio.no
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Guin, Arne 1989: Gamle namn og segner. I: Nåkkå tå kvart frå Kvam og Fylling. Utgitt av Kvam Historielag 1989:27-32.
Gulbrandsen, Terje 1987: Stedsnavn som kulturarv. I: Njotarøy. Årsskrift 1987:10-11.
Gundersen, Dag 1985: Stedsnavn i Furnes. I: Reidar Bækkelund: Furnes bygdebok III:203-216. [Furnes.]
Gustavsen, Anker 1970-73: Sagnet om Ballura i Øksnes. I: Håløygminne XIII (1970-73): 274-278.
Gåra, Halvor R[olleifsson] 1977: Stadnamn frå Lifjell. Trondheim. 232 s. (Utrykt hovudoppgåve.)
Gaasvik, Nils Jørgen 1978: Stadnamn frå Trondheimsleia. Trondheim. IV, 202 s. (Utrykt hovudoppgåve.)
Haddeland, Andr. 1955: Stedsnavn. I: Vest-Agder fylke. Heimbygdkunnskap. Utgjeve av Vest-Agder lærarlag. Flekkefjord 1955:171-174.
[Hatlema]rk, [Olav] 1946-47: Tre stadnamn - kultstader. I: Tidskrift for Sunnmøre historiske lag 1946-47:77-78.
[Helleland, Botolv] 1976-78a: Melding frå Norsk stadnamnarkiv 1975. I: Heimen XVII (1976-78):95-98.
[Holte], Leiv 1953: Gårdsnavn og bosetning i Hylestad. I: Kristiansand og Opplands Turistforening. Årbok 1953:25-27.
[Joleik, Albert Abramson ?] 1922: [Melding av] Indrebø, G. 1921b. I: Sunnfjord. Tidsskrift um Sunnfjord-soga III (1922):44-45.
[Joleik, Albert Abramson 1919 ?]: Fylkesnamnet Sunnfjord. I: Sunnfjord. Tidsskrift um Sunnfjord-soga I (1919):38-39.
H[anssen], A[rvid] 1986: Sortebekken - Svart - å - bakken? I: Årbok for Senja 1987:57.
H[olsbøvåg], K. M. 1991: Sjå A[stgard], B. og K. M. H[olsbøvåg].
H[øgåsen], M[artinus] 1960a: Til det unge Fåberg om gamle namn i bygda. I: Årbok for Gudbrandsdalen 1960:43-50.
Haffner, Vilhelm 1920: Nogen navnebemerkninger [Hallingskarvet, Reinefjeld, Djupsvand, Stolsvand, Iungsdalen]. I: Den norske turistforening. Årbok 1920:98-100.
Hafsten, Ulf 1990: Biostratigrafisk belegg for at navneklassen holt kan ha sitt opphav i førkristen tid. Trøndergården Tømmerholts historie. I: Schmidt, T. (red.): 1990:51-60. /Summary. Diskusjon/
Haga, Gunhild 1983: Stadnamn frå Øvre Krossdalen i Jondal. Oslo. V, 411 s., kart. (Utrykt hovudoppgåve.)
Haga, Vigleik 1987: Navnegranskinga i Nord-Norge må revurderes. I: Årbok for Rana 1987:95.
Hagen, Nils U[lrik] 1976b: Om stedsnavn i Drammens nordmark. I: Drammens og Oplands turistforening. Årbok 1976:11-25.
Hagen, Nils U[lrik] 1982: Stedsnavn i Land - Gudeminner eller naturnavn? [Om M. Olsen og E. Vågslid.] I: Landingen. Årbok 1982:13-17.
Hagen, Nils Ulrik 1976a: Elve- og innsjønavn i Drammens Nordmark. Oslo. 159 s. (Utrykt hovudoppgåve.)
Hagen, Oddmund 1976: Médnamn i Trondheimsleia. Trondheim. 153 s. (Utrykt hovudoppgåve.)
Hagen, Oddmund 1978: Streiftog i stadnamn på Hitra. I: Fosen historielag. Årbok 1978:61-77.
Hagland, Jan Ragnar 1975: Litt om bakgrunnen for områdenamnet Haugalandet. I: Ætt og heim 1975:75-81.
Hagland, Jan Ragnar 1985: Namnelovgjeving og målstrid. Eit aktstykke i høve 100-årsminnet for jamstellingsvedtaket i Stortinget 1885. I: Namn og Nemne 2 (1985):99-107.
Hagland, Jan Ragnar 1989: Hasleyjarsund eller Haugarsund? Litt nanmnehistorie frå indre hamnestrok i sildabyen. I: Namn og Nemne 6 (1989):7-14.
Hale, Christopher S. 1993: The Place Names of the Parish of Andebu. Oslo. 231 s.
Halhjem, Harald 1942: Stadnamn frå ei fjordbygd (Os-Fana). Oslo. 242 s., kart. (Utrykt hovudoppgåve.)
Hallan, Nils 1955: Sæternamna på -bustad i det gamle Skogn. I: MM 1955:138-140.
Hallan, Nils 1955-60: Gløshaugen. I: Trondhjemske samlinger. Utg. av Trondhjems historiske forening. Bind 6. [Rekke 3. Bind 1] [1955-60]:224-230.
Hallan, Nils 1956-57: De første opptegnelser om bygdeborger i Trøndelag. I: Det kgl. Norske videnskabers Selskab. Museet. Årbok. 1956-57:103-112.
Hallan, Nils 1958: Eit skipsnamn og ein erkebiskop [Vad-]. I: Det kgl. Norske videnskabers selskab. Museet. Årbok 1958:85-90.
Hallan, Nils 1959: Stadnamna. Gardsnamna. I: Hemneboka. Ei bygdebok for Hemne Prestegjeld (herad Heim, Hemne, Snillfjord og Vinje). Første halvband. Bygdesoga fram til år 1700. Utgjeve av kommunane Heim, Hemne, Snillfjord og Vinje. [Kyrksæterøra] | ||||||||
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WARNING: I am in the process of updating this bibliography so you will notice some things are crossed out because they are no longer valid and I have yet to find a replacement. Also, I am not done yet indicating with asterisks the works that are now available online. JPD, 20 April 2016.
Introduction
Tracing noble ancestors in France can be challenging. However, the researcher is blessed with a variety of published and manuscript resources to rely upon. In this partially annotated bibliography I list some of the more valuable books, articles, and indexes to manuscript collections available to the researcher. I also list some works that are less than accurate since you will probably encounter them sooner or later and you should be prepared for them.
This web page originally appeared as a post on a CompuServ genealogy forum in April 1992. It was written as an addition to Michael K. Smith's "Bibliography for Research in British and Continental Royal and Noble Lineages and Heraldry" posted on the same forum as two files, ROYALB.TXT and ROYALJ.TXT. I added this information because his otherwise very detailed and valuable listing lacked crucial works for doing French noble research. This is not a comprehensive bibliography but only an update of my original CompuServ file. It reflects what I have learned over the intervening years by working on the Baillon and Le Neuf research projects. Basically, this represents my working bibliographic notes.
This bibliography only covers the nobility prior to the French Revolution and not during the Napoleonic Empire or the Restoration. These periods are beyond my expertise. I have included a few titles relating to the nobility of New France.
Most of these works are in French. With a little effort, and brushing up on your High School French, you should be able to extract valuable information from these sources. You will find many of these books in public libraries with large genealogy collections or through the Family History Library. However, some of them you are more likely to find only at large university graduate libraries, often in storage.
Since I originally wrote this bibliography in 1999 there has been a major improvement. Many of these works, especially the older ones, are available in digital files that can be downloaded for free. When I know for sure that there is a digital version of a work, I will indicate it with the use of an asterisk. I suspect others are also now available online. You can search Google, Gallica, FamilySearch or the Internet Archive for digital copies. Some of these works are also available for purchase on CDs or DVDs. In the past, many of these CD and DVD products were available from GeneaGuide.com, but that firm is apparently no longer in business. However, many of these works are now available from Histoire & Généalgie. In fact, this company offers a special Cabinet Généalogiste Expert which includes most of the major works mentioned in this bibliography and consists of 22 CDs or DVDs for the price of 988.00 euros. The individual works in this collection can also be purchased separately from this company. Although many of the works in this special collection can be downloaded for free, the free versions are not always high quality scans.
When you suspect you have a French ancestor who was a noble you must launch a research project to verify your suspicions. You can not merely accept vague family traditions or the misleading use of prepositions in your surname. Contrary to popular belief, the use of "de," "de la," and "du" in a surname is NOT a not sign of nobility. Also, keep in mind that merely possessing a seigneurie, that is, a manor and landed estate, is also not proof of nobility as many wealthy commoners purchased seigneuries. However, if you find your ancestor consistently referred to in original documents as an écuyer (squire), chevalier (knight), or some other noble title, then you have an interesting clue well worth pursuing.
The general approach I recommend for tracing a French noble family is as follows:
First look through the key references and construct a detailed research bibliography. Make sure you include all the bibliographic information including any cryptic codes and numbers. These mysterious pieces of information are usually document codes and call numbers.
Now systematically hunt for the books and articles on this bibliography. This process usually requires visiting several university libraries and the extensive use of interlibrary loan. Also, some of the items will be found at the Family History Library. Carefully, review what others have found about the family you are researching. Perhaps your problem has already been solved by another genealogist.
If necessary, make up a list of manuscripts to consult in France. Although you could visit France to do the research, few of us can afford this. Besides, when in France why would you want to be in an archives or library when you could be touring one of the most magnificent countries in the world. Instead, I suggest that you order digital copies of the documents. Digital copies are usually cheaper than microfilm or paper copies. Processing a reproduction order can take up to and beyond six months. Be patient. I find it is better to get copies than to hire a researcher in France. This way you can pour over the evidence at your leisure. Be prepared to encounter some difficult to read script.
Lastly, analyze your evidence and make sure you have an original document or a printed source citing original documents to prove the link between every generation. Never settle for less.
I also strongly suggest you find others researching the same family and band together to divide the labor and share the costs. In my own case I have been very lucky to become a team member with some rather brilliant colleagues, namely René Jetté, Roland-Yves Gagné, Gail F. Moreau, and Fr. Joseph Dubé. I consider myself as the junior partner and I am fortunate to work with such talented people and to learn from them.
I would also like to thank Jean-Philippe Gérard for reading over this bibliography and supplying me with some helpful comments.
Lastly, in addition to Smith's bibliography, you might want to consult Leo van de Pas's "Royal Genealogical Book Evaluations" web site.
Key References
Whenever I start a project to study a French noble family I always consult these essential of tools. These key references will show you the state of the knowledge for the family you are interested in researching. They point to published and manuscript documentation about French noble and bourgeois families. Most of the manuscripts will be found in France at the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BN or BNF, National Library of France) or the Archives nationales (AN or ANF, National Archives of France) in Paris. However, many of the books and articles can be found in North America. The addresses for these important institutions are:
Centre d'accueil et de recherche des Archives nationales (CARAN)
60, rue des Francs-Bourgeois
75141 Paris Cedex 03
FRANCE
The entrance is on 11, rue des Quatre-Fils - 75003 Paris.
Web: http://www.culture.fr/culture/sedocum/caran.htm
Note: The Archives nationales is undergoing renovation until 2004.
Bibliothèque nationale de France
Site Richelieu
58 rue de Richelieu
75002 Paris
FRANCE
The manuscript collection is at the Richelieu site, but the books and many other offices are located at the new library at Site François Mitterrand, Quai François Mauriac, 75013 Paris.
Web: http://www.bnf.fr/
Bibliothèque nationale de France. "Inventaire des instruments de recherche: manuscrits occidentaux." About 2,700 microfiche. Paris and London: Chadwyck-Healey, 1991.
Imagine all the indexes, inventories, guides, and research tools for the western manuscripts of the Bibliothèque nationale on microfiche and that is what is in this collection. The most important item for genealogists researching French nobles is the "Table alphabétique du Cabinet des titres" (Noms de famille des 6 premières séries, 10 vol. manuscrits). This is the same as bound volumes found at the library under the title "Répertoire alphabétique des séries généalogiques de l'ancien cabinet des titres de la Bibliothèque nationale" (mss., 10 vols., in-fol.1898). The original index is on the shelve near the doorway as you enter the Department of Manuscripts. This index is the key to the crucial Cabinet des titres, that is, the Office of Noble Titles. In these titles you will find evidence submitted to document nobility and proving noble status back several generations. You will find the papers of the juges d'armes (Judges of Arms)with one exception, all members of the Hozier familyand the papers of Bernard Chérin, généalogiste des Ordres du roi (Genealogist of the King's Orders). On this index you will find out what parts of the Cabinet des titres hold documents concerning the surname you are researching. Many of the indexes listed under the Libraries and Archives Guides section of this web page can also be found in this microfiche set. You are more likely to find this microfiche set at larger university graduate libraries.
This index to the Cabinet des titres is now available on CD from GeneaGuide.com. The full citation for this product is:
Grando, Denis, and Christophe Levantal, eds., in collaboration with Daniel Catan and Christian Robert-Leroy, Répertoire alphabétique des six séries généalogiques du Cabinet des titres de la Bibliothèque nationale de France, CD, based on the original index prepared under the direction of Ulysse Robert (Paris: Générep, 2001).
Note: The original manuscript index for the first six series in the Cabinet des titres is now available via Gallica.
Arnaud, Etienne. Répertoire des généalogies françaises imprimées. 3 vols. Paris: Privately printed by the author, 1978-1981.
Vol. 1, A-F, 599 p.
Vol. 2, G-M, corrections and additions to Vol. 1, 553 p.
Vol. 3, N-Z, corrections and additions to Vols. 1 and 2, 592 p.
Even before I look at the microfiche indexes of manuscripts, I usually consult Arnaud's index of printed French genealogies. It includes not only nobles but also many bourgeois families. A family citation will often have the province of origin, associated estates, and a code indicating the published works containing information about the family. You will have to refer to the front of each volume for the full bibliographic information that matches the code. Remember to check vols. 2 and 3 for additions and corrections. Arnaud will usually point to all the well known published works. Arnaud also conveniently points to citations for a family in the Jougla de Morenas and de Warren's Grand armorial de France ([1934-1952] 1975), Saffroy (1968-1988), and some original manuscripts at the Bibliothèque nationale. This tool is in need of an update to catch up with the all the materials published since 1981 in France and Québec.
Arnaud's index is now available on CD from GeneaGuide.com. The CD contains additional families and corrections. In addition, this same firm sells another CD entitled Bibliothèque généalogique de France, which indexes published genealogies of at least three generations since 1982. It is meant to complement Arnaud's work.
Arnaud's index is available on CD from Histoire & Généalogie. The CD contains additional families and corrections.
Saffroy, Gaston. Bibliographie généalogique, héraldique et nobiliaire de la France des origines à nos jours. Imprimés et manuscrits. 5 vols. Paris: Librairie Gaston Saffroy, 1968-1988.
Vol. 1, General topics, nos. 1-16008, xxviii p., 734 p.
Vol. 2, Topics organized by provinces, French colonies, the Latin Orient, and refugees, nos. 16009-33963, viii p., 872 p.
Vol. 3, Genealogies organized by surname, nos. 33964-52222, vi p., 831 p.
Vol. 4, Index, iv p. 538 p.
Vol. 5, Supplement and index, nos. 52223-57484, by Geneviève Saffroy (Gaston Saffroy's daughter).
This is the masterpiece bibliography for the French nobility. Saffroy records published secondary sources as well as some primary source manuscripts in the Bibliothèque nationale and other libraries and archives in France. Although Arnaud points to some manuscripts at the Bibliothèque nationale, Saffroy's work offers more manuscript citations but is still not comprehensive. I usually check vol. 3 first because it is organized by family surnames. I then move on and check vol. 2 for information about the area in which my noble ancestors lived. The index is of limited help since it is only for authors and titles. Saffroy assigns a unique accession number at the beginning of each citation. Occasionally, other indexes will refer you to Saffroy and then indicate this number. Please see vol. 1, pp. xxvii-xxviii for a list of abbreviations used in the citations.
The obscure code at the end of many citations in Saffroy are the call numbers used at the Bibliothèque national. For example, [8 LM1 26 is the call number for La Chenaye-Desbois and Badier's Dictionnaire de la noblesse ([1863-1876] 1980). In general, if you see the abbreviation BN ms. fr. or BN n. acq. fr. followed by a number in a Saffroy citation, then it is indicating the French Manuscript Collection or the New Acquisitions French Manuscript Collections at the Bibliothèque national. Arnaud (1981) also points to Bibliothèque nationale call numbers and uses Fr. and NA to indicate manuscript collections at this institution. I can not emphasize enough how important it is to read the introductory materials in both Saffroy and Arnaud to understand all their subtleties.
Izarny-Gargas, Louis d', Jean-Jacques Lartigue; Jean de Vaulchier. Nouveau nobiliaire de France: Recueil de preuves de noblesse: Notices de 30.000 familles nobles d'Ancien Régime origines, armes, preuves de noblesse et sources archivistiques. 3 vols. Versailles : Mémoires & Documents, 1997-1998.
Vol. 1, A-D;
Vol. 2, E-L;
Vol. 3, M-Z.
This is a recent and welcomed addition to essential tools for researching French noble families. In this work you will find an index to published and manuscript proofs of nobility, which are rich in genealogical information. The introductory material is particularly worthwhile reading as it explains how one became a noble in France, what positions were ennobling, how nobility could be lost, and the rules for proving nobility in order to enter prestigious social institutions. It is organized by surname and then seigneurie or province. Titles of documents, their date, and location are given for the families listed. Lastly, the blazon of arms, if known, are provided. This reference work should be added to any major genealogical collection with a French interest. More information about this publication, including how to order it, can be found at the Mémoire et Document web site. At this web site you will also see that this book is now available on CD.
Gérard, Jean-Philippe. Répertiore des ressources généalogique et héraldiques du Départment des manuscrits del a Bibliothèque nationale de France. Versailles: Mémoire & Documents, 2003.
I have been remiss in not adding this important work sooner to this bibliography. M. Gérard provides us not only with a bibliographic guide to many valuable genealogical and heraldry documents in the Department of Manuscripts at the Bibliothèque nationale de France, but he also provides practical information about using these documents and gives us some insight into the history and organization of the Cabinet des titres. The book is organized by the category of the documents, but there is an index included. This book is available from Mémoire et Document.
Genealogical Dictionaries
The works in this section are genealogical dictionaries that contain published information about nobles and royals in France. Their quality range from excellent and well documented to useful finding aids only to absurd works requiring great caution. Most, but certainly not all, of these works are organized by family surname.
*Anselme de Ste-Marie, Père. Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la Maison royale de France, des pairs, grands officiers de la Couronne et de la Maison du roy et des anciens barons du royaume. . . . 9 vols. Continued by M. du Fourny. 3rd ed., reviewed, corrected, and augmented by P. Ange et du P. Simplicien, augustins dechausses. Paris, 1723-1733. Reprint Ed. Paris, Editions du Palais royal; New York and London, Johnson Reprint Corporation, 1967.
Vol. 1: Concerning the royal house of France;
Vol. 2: Concerning the twelve ancient ecclesiastic and lay peerages;
Vol. 3: Following peers of France (sorted by date of creation);
Vol. 4: Following peers of France, continued (also see Potier de Courcy ([1868-1879] 1968);
Vol. 5: Following peers of France, end, etc.;
Vol. 6: Senechals, constables, chancellors, and marshals of France;
Vol. 7: Marshals, admirals, and generals of the galleys of France;
Vol. 8: Grand masters of the arbalestries [crossbow men], grand-masters of the artillery, portes-oriflamme (bearers of the of the battle standard of France), colonel generals of the infantry; grand-almoners, grand-masters, chambriers (stewards of the king's chambers), grand chamberlains, grand écuyers (squires, in charge of the royal stables), grand butlers and echansons (cup bearers), grand pannetiers (pantler, store-keeper), grand veneurs (hunstman), grand falconers, grand louvetiers (wolf hunters), grand queux (head cooks), and grand masters of the waters and forests of France;
Vol. 9: Statutes and catalog of the Knights of the Order of the Holy Spirit, since their institution up to the present [ca. 1733] with their names, surnames, qualities, and posterity (also see Potier de Courcy ([1868-1879] 1968).
Although this is commonly referred to as Père Anselme’s work, it was really a team effort. Père Anselme de Ste-Marie was Pierre de Guibours (1625-1694). After his death the project was taken over by Honoré Caille du Fourny (1630-1713). It was completed by Paul Lucas (1683-1759) alias Pére Simplicien and François Raffard (1655-1726) alias Père Ange de Ste-Rosalie.
This is the definitive work on the royal house and peerage of France. It is the French equivalent of the English Complete Peerage. Once you become accustomed to the way it is laid out, by how a family was associated to the king and his household or when a titled peerage was established, it becomes easy to work with. Considering when it was produced, it is very modern. Père Anselme and his editors showed a great concern for documentation and cited sources in the margins. They even quoted the entire text of documents creating peerages. Each volume has its own index and there is a general index in the last volume. Vol. 9 is dedicated to recording the members of the Order of the Holy Spirit. You should use this set in conjunction with Potier de Courcy ([1868-1879] 1968).
*Aubert de la Che[s]naye-Desbois, François-Alexandre, et Jacques Badier. Dictionnaire de la noblesse, contenant les généalogies, l'histoire et la chronologie des familles nobles de France. 3rd ed. 19 vols. Paris: Schlesinger, 1863-1876. Reprint ed. 10 vols. Paris: Berger-Levrault, 1980.
Vol. 1: Aba-Aud, Abadie-Audet
Vol. 2: Aud-Ber, Audibert-Bernardon
Vol. 3: Ber-Bra, Bernardy-Brancher
Vol. 4: Bra-Cha, Brancion-Chabot
Vol. 5: Cha-Coe, Chabot-Coetmen
Vol. 6: Coe-Dou, Coetquen-Douhet
Vol. 7: Dou-Fev, Doujat-Fèvre
Vol. 8: Fev-Gar, Fèvre-Garravet
Vol. 9: Gar-Gue, Garreau-Guenant
Vol. 10: Gue-Iza, Guénégaud-Izarn
Vol. 11: Jab-Lev, Jablonowski-Levezou
Vol. 12: Lev-Mal, Levis-Malesset
Vol. 13: Mal-Mon, Malestroit-Montagnac
Vol. 14: Mon-Nob, Montagny-Noblet
Vol. 15: Nob-Poi, Noblet-Poisson
Vol. 16: Poi-Rev, Poisson-Reviers
Vol. 17: Rev-Rym, Révilliasc-Rym
Vol. 18: Saa-Til, Saarbruck-Tilly
Vol. 19: Til-Zur, Tilly-Zur-Lauben
My first impression of this work is that it was a hack job in comparison to the other available sources. Much of it is plagiarized from earlier works, usually Père Anselme ([1723-1733] 1967). The documentation of other more careful researchers is striped out when they pilfer the words of others. They do not cite any sources based on their own research either. Nor do they include transcriptions of original documents. My opinion of it has become more mild over the years. It is a widely published work that appears in many libraries. Although I use it with caution, it is a convenient finding aid that will notify you if the family you seek is prominent enough to have others write about it. The challenge is then to find where these authors got their data. Now available on CD from GeneaGuide.com.
Carretier, Christian. Les ancêtres de Louis XIV: 512 quartiers. 2nd rev. ed. Paris: Éditions Christian, 1981.
This slim volumes list the ancestry of Louis XIV. An appendix shows how he descends from El Cid, Mohammed, and Rurik the founder of Russia. It is also slim on documentation.
*Chaix d'Est-Ange, Gustave. Dictionnaire des familles françaises anciennes ou notables à la fin du XIXe siècle. 20 vols. Évreux: C. Hérissey, 1903-1929.
Vol. 1: A-Att
Vol. 2: Aub-Bar
Vol. 3: Bas-Ber
Vol. 4: Ber-Blo
Vol. 5: Blo-Bou
Vol. 6: Bou-Bré
Vol. 7: Bré-Bur
Vol. 8: Bus-Cas
Vol. 9: Cas-Cha
Vol. 10: Cha-Chu
Vol. 11: Cib-Cor
Vol. 12: Cos-Cum
Vol. 13: Cun-Des
Vol. 14: Des-Dug
Vol. 15: Duh-Dyé
Vol. 16: Eas-Eys
Vol. 17: Fab-Fei
Vol. 18: Fel-For
Vol. 19: For-Fyo
Vol 20: Gaa-Gau
This work provides summary information about the important noble families of France. It was never completed.
*Courcelles, Jean-Baptiste[-Pierre Julien], Chevalier de. Histoire généalogies et héraldique des pairs de France, des grands dignitaires de la couronne, des principales familles nobles du royaume et des maisons princières de l'Europe. 12 vols. Paris, 1822-1833.
This is an example of less than spectacular nineteenth century French genealogy. You are better off using Père Anselme ([1723-1733] 1967). I have never found anything of value in it.
Eynde, Gerald de, comp. Armorial général ou registres de la noblesse de France: nouvelle table générale. Paris: Éditions du Palais Royal, 1970.
This is a surname only index to the published Armorial général (Hozier 1738-1908).
Frotier de La Messelière, Henri. Filiattions bretonnes, 1650-1912: Recueil des filiations directed des représentants actuels des families noble, de bourgeoisie armoriée ou le plus fréquemment alliées à la noblesse, d'origine bretonne ou résidant actuellement en Gretagne, dupuis leur plus ancien auteur vivant en 1650. 5 vols. Mayenne, France: Impr. J. Floch, [1912] 1965.
I have not yet used this work, but I have seen it referred to in several other works and it appears to be highly regarded. Once I get a chance to use it I will provide further details. This is an example of a regional genealogical dictionary for nobles. Other such works exists and I hope some day to add some more selected examples to this bibliography.
*Gavard, Charles. Galeries historiques du Palais de Versailles. 9 vols. in 10. Paris: Imprimerie Royale, 1839-1848.
Louis-Philippe, the Citizen King of the French, created a special shrine to commemorate the crusaders when he remodeled Versailles. Vol. 6, parts 1 and 2, of this work lists the knights, gives some biographical details, and presents their arms. Be forewarned that some of these arms and some of the crusaders are bogus. Nevertheless, it is an interesting work to examine. You can access it online at Gallica.
*Hozier, Louis-Pierre d'. Armorial général ou registres de la noblesse de France. 13 vols. Paris: Firmin-Didot, 1738-1908.
It is very important that you understand that the manuscript "Armorial général" is distinct and very different from the published Armorial général. It is also crucial that you know a little about the role of the d'Hozier family.
Shortly after Louis XIII established the office of judge of arms a member of the d'Hozier family occupied the position. A member of this family held the office until the Revolution and later under the Restoration. Their official title became: "généalogiste de la maison du roi, juge général des armes et blasons, et garde de l'armorial général de France." For several generations this dynasty of genealogists were responsible for accrediting the nobility of French families and recognizing and registering their arms. The manuscript "Armorial général" was the result of an interesting tax initiative on the part of Louis XIV. In 1696 the King insisted that everyone register their arms and pay a tax. Those bourgeois without arms, but with means, were granted arms and then taxed. Charles-René d'Hozier was charged with compiling this information into the "Armorial général." He did so between 1697 and 1707 placing the information in 48 manuscript volumes organized by province. Many French familiesincluding many bourgeois familiescan be found in the manuscript "Armorial général" in the Cabinet Des titres. However, the only information you will find in the manuscript is a description of their arms and a drawing of them. Also, it should be noted that some complete rolls of arms collected for the Armorial général in 1696 are available in print for specific regions and provinces. For example, see Meurgey de Tupigny's (1965-1967) armorial of Paris.
Despite the shared title, the thirteen published volumes of the Armorial général is not the same information collected for the 1696 tax and found in the manuscript "Armorial général." The published Armorial général is the work of Louis-Pierre d'Hozier, the nephew of Charles-René d'Hozier. It contains only the most prominent French families at the time of the publication. Each family has a written family history with footnotes pointing to original documents and published sources. The first 10 vols. were published from 1738 to 1768. Supplemental volumes were published in 1868, 1872, and 1908. Now available on CD from GeneaGuide.com. For a surname index of these published volumes see Eynde (1970).
Joannis, Jean-Dominique de, and R. de St-Jouan. Les seize quartiers généalogiques des Capétiens. 4 vols. Lyon: Sauvegarde Historique, 1958-1965.
This is a collection of well documented pedigree charts showing the ancestry of each King of France for four generations. It also includes cadet branches of the royal family. Vol. 4 consists of additions and corrections as well as an index.
Le Hête, Thierry. Les Capétiens. Paris: Éditions Christian, 1987.
A nicely done job laying out family trees for the Kings of France and families associated with the royal house. It also contains maps showing the development of the kingdom.
*Moréri, Louis. Le Grand dictionnaire historique . . . . 10 vols. Paris: Les Libraires Associes, 1759.
This is biographical dictionary that often contains very interesting genealogical details. There are several editions of this work, some translated into English. These editions vary in there coverage. I have yet to determine the best edition. Moréri tends to repeat his contemporary Père Anselme ([1723-1733] 1967). Nevertheless, he sometimes has information that is not otherwise available. M. Gérard has kindly pointed out that the best edition of this work is the last one consisting of 12 volumes and completed in 1873. This edition is available on CD from GeneaGuide.com.
*Potier de Courcy, Pol Louis. Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France. . . . Paris, vol. 4 and vol. 9 in 2 parts, 1868-1879. 4th ed. Paris: Éditions du Palais Royal, 1968.
This worthy effort to update, correct, and annotate Père Anselme was never completed. Potier did an excellent job on the volumes he was able to finish. There is great coverage of the members of the Order of the Holy Spirit.
Rey, Emmanuel-Guillaume. Les familles d'outre-mer de Du Cange. Reprint ed. New York: Burt Franklin, 1971.
Many French families participated in the Crusades. This is a well documented genealogy of Crusader families living in the Levant based on the historical and genealogical work of Charles du Fresne du Cange.
Saillot, Jacques. Les seize quartiers des Reines et Impératrices françaises (420-1920). Angers: J. Saillot, 1977.
This work is a counterpart to the work of Joannis and St-Jouan. It has pedigree charts for the Queens and Empresses of France.
*Saint-Allais, [Nicolas] Viton de. Nobiliarie universel de France, ou: recueil général des généalogies historiques des maisons nobles de ce royaume. 21 vols. Paris, 1814-1843. Reprint ed. Paris: Librairie Bachelin-Deflorenne, 1872-1878.
Although I have often stumbled upon this work, it has yet been able to provide me with anything of value. Sources for the genealogies are not provided.. Now available on CD from GeneaGuide.com.
Schwennicke, Detlev. Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge. [European Family Trees: Family Trees for the History of European States, New Series.] First series by Wilhelm Karl, Prinz zu Isenburg, continued second series by Frank, Baron Freytag von Loringhoven. 17 vols. to date. Marburg, Germany: Verlag von J. A. Stargardt , 1978-.
Despite being in German, this is a wonderful work for tracing noble families in France and elsewhere in Europe. For detailed information about this important work, and a key to understanding its abbreviations and symbols, see my Europäische Stammtafeln web pages.
Sereville, Étienne de, and F. de Saint Simon. Dictionnaire de la noblesse française. Paris: La Société Française au XXe Siècle, 1975. Supplement, Paris: Éditions Countrepoint, 1977.
This is a directory of modern day French nobility. The introductory material and bibliography is of special value to researchers.
Settipani, Christian. Les ancêtres de Charlemagne. Paris: Éditions Christian, 1989.
This is a genealogical dictionary of the ancestors of Charlemagne. Many French nobles, and all the royals, can be traced back to this Emperor of the West. Well researched, but I understand you should read the following article before reading the book.
__________. "Les ancêtres de Charlemagne: addenda et corridenda." Histoire et généalogie 28 (1990): 19-36.
This article is now available at http://www.rootsweb.com/~medieval/charladdend.htm.
Sirjean, Gaston. Encyclopédie généalogique des maisons souveraines du monde. Paris: Éditions du Palais-Royal, 1959-, 13 parts to date.
This is a collection of well done fold out pedigree charts and accompanying text and documentation. The parts that have appeared in print deal mostly with French royalty and nobility.
Sturdza, Mihail Dimitri. Grandes familles de Grèce, d'Albanie et de Constantinople. Paris: Privately printed by the author, 1983.
The French became inolved in Greece with the fall of Constantinople in 1204. This work is excellent for not only tracing French crusaders in Greece, but also for connections to Byzantium.
Nobility in France
Bird, Jack. "Some Sources for French Genealogy and Heraldry." The Genealogists' Magazine 13:8 (December 1960): 237-241.
Many of the sources in this bibliography I first learned about from reading Bird's article.
Bouchard, Constance B. "Consanguinity and Noble Marriages in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries." Speculum 56:2 (1981): 268-287.
Interesting discussion of consanguinity among the nobility and the impact of the Catholic Church's changing rules. Consanguinity often becomes a crucial issue when trying to untangle possible relationships among Medieval people.
Defauconpret, B. Les preuves de noblesse au XVIIIe siècle: la réaction aristocratique : avec un recueil de tous les ordres, honneurs, fonctions, écoles, chapitres, réservés à la noblesse. Paris: Intermédiaire des chercheurs et curieux (ICC), 1999.
This book examines the 187 noble institutions in eighteenth century France that required proof of nobility. He identifies each of these institutions and discusses the proofs that were required to establish nobility for candidates. Overtime it became more difficult for the bourgeoises and recently ennobled to be welcomed into these institutions.
Lart, Charles E. "French Noblesse." The Genealogists' Magazine 7:5 (March 1936): 229-242.
Lart, Charles E. "French Noblesse and Arms." Proceedings of the Huguenot Society of London 15:3 (1936): 476-488.
Lart has written clear and concise articles dealing with French nobility on both sides of the Atlantic. These are excellent introductory pieces that help explain the terms used to describe and differentiate the French nobility. He also compares the French nobility to the English nobility.
Mousnier, Roland E. The Institutions of France under the Absolute Monarchy, 1598-1789: Society and the State. Brian Pearce and Arthur Goldhammer, trans. 2 vols. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1979-1984.
Anyone doing French genealogical research on either peasants, bourgeois, or nobles would benefit from reading Mousnier. He has prepared a social guide to the world of our ancestors. His chapters dealing with nobility, heraldry, the peerage, and the royal household are superb.
Bourgeois Gentlemen and Robins
Molière poked fun in his plays at bourgeois gentlemen who made money in lucrative positions and then tried to pass themselves off as nobles. They are important to us because many of our noble ancestors you will find trace back to an grandfather who was ennobled because of his office. The son would try to pass as a noble and the grandson would usually succeed at the charade. By time the family arrived in New France, they might have been passing as bona fide nobles for several generations. One of the important ways to enhance your families noble pretensions was to make sure your son married the daughter of a true noble family. The downwardly mobile noble would allow his daughter to marry the upwardly mobile bourgeois's son and thus we gain a gateway to the ancient nobility.
Families that became noble through holding offices were called nobles of the robe, or "robins," in contrast to those hereditary nobles with ancient lineages who were called nobles of the sword. Office holders tended to insure that their sons would inherit their office and after a generation or two the nobility attached to the office was now firmly a fixed to the family. The sovereign courts were the most important. These included the royal or king's council, Chambres des comptes (Court of Finances), Cour des aides (Court of the Aids Taxes), Cour des monnaies (Currency Court), the various provincial Parlements, and the most prestigious of them all the Parlement de Paris. Other important magistrates included the officials in the Bureau de ville of Paris, which would include the Prévôte des marchands (the mayor), the Échevins (the aldermen), and the Conseillers de ville.
Blanchard, François [or Guillaume]. "Les généalogie des présidents du Parlement de Paris et des conseillers du Parlement de Paris jusqu'en 1712." 36 mss. vols. on 4 microfilm reels, 0656806-0656809, Family History Library.
This manuscript provides genealogical information about leading Parisian families involved in the administration of the city. Many of them were ennobled due to their offices.
Bluche, J.-François. Les Magistrats du Grand conseil au XVIIIe siècle, 1690-1791. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1966.
__________. Les Magistrats de la Cour des monnaies de Paris au XVIIIe siècle, 1715-1790. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1966.
__________. L'Origine des magistrats du Parlement de Paris au XVIIIe siècle. Paris: Librairie C. Klincksieck, 1956.
It has been some time since I used these works by Bluche, frankly, I did not keep good notes on them. I do recall they varied in the amount of detail they provided on families. However, he does provide some interesting clues about Parisian administrators and men associated with the royal mint.
Favre-Lejeune, Christine. Les Secrétaires du roi de la grande chancellerie de France: dictionnaire biographique et génélogique (1672-1780). 2 vols. Paris: Sedopols, 1986.
To be a notary and secretary of the King was important because the position carried ennoblement for the office holder and his descendants.
Félix, Joël. Les Magistrats du Parlement de Paris (1771-1790): dictionnaire biographique et généalogique. Paris: Sedopols, 1990.
Huppert, George. Les Bourgeois Gentilshommes: An Essay on the Definition of Elites in Renaissance France. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1977.
This is an excellent historical introduction to the type of ancestor you will probably first encounter in your tracing of noble leads. This are men who have just broken into nobility through merit or money. You get a good view of both the positive and negative attributes of these people struggling to climb the slippery latter of noble success in France.
Lapeyre, André, and Rémy Scheurer. Les notaires et secrétaires du roi: sous les régnes de Louis XI, Charles VIII et Louis XII (1461-1515). 2 vols. Paris: Bibliothèque nationale, 1978.
Vol. 1 contains detailed information about each secretary of the King and vol. 2 has fold out family tree charts.
Popoff, Michel. Prosopographie des gens du Parlement de Paris (1266-1753): d'après les ms Fr. 7553, 7554, 7555, 7555 bis conservés au Cabinet des manuscrits de la Bibliothèque nationale de France. Saint-Nazaire-le-Désert: Références, 1996.
This is a must consult work if you find any of your ancestors involved in the Parlement de Paris. Unlike the British Parliment, this was not a legislative body, but rather the highest court of appeal in France. It had many other administrative duties including the registering of royal acts to make them official. If your ancestors was a member of this court, then he would have been educated in canon, Roman, and customary law probably at a university like the ones in Orléans, Paris, or elsewhere in France. Basic information about the service of each person is provided and some genealogical details are given. As these positions became hereditary, and there was a lot of intermarriage between the families, it is often possible to trace several generations for some families in this work.
Villeneuve, Gérard de. Comment rechercher les origines d'un magistrat Parisien. Versailles: Centre Généalogique de Paris, 1985.
This is the first volume of a projected multi-volume work. It identifies the sources of information dealing with the nobility of the robe. Unfortunately, this work does not yet go to the end of the alphabet. To my knowledge, no other volumes have been completed. His book covers ennobled administrators, lawmakers, and judges.
Nobility in New France
Many nobles came to New France as officers or administrators. Although most of them returned to France after their tour of duty, some remained and founded families that can still be found in Québec, the Maritimes, and Louisiana. The following works concentrated on noble families in Québec.
*Auclair, Elie-J. Les de Jordy de Cabanac: Histoire dúne ancienne famille noble du Canada. Montréal: Librarie Beuchemin, Ltd., 1930.
Well done work on the de Jordy family based on documents from the Cabinet des titres. Also see the recent work by the Fitte de Soucys.
Beauregard, Denis. "Quebec and Acadian Royal Descends (QRD30)--Main References." Available at http://www.francogene.com/gfna/gfna/998/qrd30.htm (accessed 1 April 2016).
This is the go to website to determine if you have a royal gateway ancestor in Québec or Acadia. Beauregard does a good job of following recent developments and provides links or bibliographic citations to the relevant publications. He also list rejected lineages near the bottom of the webpage.
Couillard Despres, Azarie. La noblesse de France et du Canada. Montréal: Le Pays Laurentien, 1916.
*Drolet, Yves. "Bibliographie de la noblesse Canadienne, Acadienne et Lousianaise (XVIIe-XXe siècle)." January 2015 version. Available at http://www.anciennesfamilles.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Biblio-noblesse.pdf (accessed 12 May 2016.
This is the best place to start searching for nobles in New France. Drolet points to all the known published works and many manuscripts. When they are available online he provides a link.
*__________. "Dictionaire généalogique de la noblesse de la Nouvelle-France." 2015 version. Available at http://www.anciennesfamilles.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Dictionnaire-g%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique-de-la-noblesse-de-la-Nouvelle-France.pdf (accessed 12 May 2016).
*__________. "Tables généaloqies de la noblesse québécoise du XVIIe au XIXe siècle." 2009 version. Available at http://www.shrt.qc.ca/PDF/20070317.pdf (accessed 1 April 2016).
Drolet has done a wonderful job collecting and presenting information about the nobles of New France. You should use his dictionary because he includes citations and it is more recently updated. However, the genealogical tables provide a nice visual way to look at these families. I hope he continues to update his dictionary. This have become a very useful tool, but keep in mind he does not trace these families roots back in France.
__________. "Les écuyers de la Nouvelle-France: noble ou roturiers?" Mémoires de la Société généalogique canadienne-française 68:2 (Summer 2017): 136-156.
Drolet analyzes what is known about people claiming to be nolbes (écuyers / squires) in New France and discusses whether or not we know if they were indeed nobles, recently ennobled, or commoners pretending to be nobles.
Fitte de Soucy, Louis de, and Miren de Fitte de Soucy. Les Jordy de Cabanac: gentilshommes en Languedoc, à Paris, en Bourgogne et en Nouvelle-France. Toulouse: Fitte de Soucy, 2001.
Gadoury, Lorraine. La Noblesse de Nouvelle-France: families et alliances. Ville La Salle, QC: Éditions Hurtubise HMH ltée., 1991.
This book is a historical demographic study of French nobles in Canada. The extensive lists and bibliographies (pp. 161-208) she offers are the best places to start to see if you have a French Canadian ancestor who was noble and to check if there is anything published on the family. Be warned that she only covers people living as nobles in New France and not those who might have noble ancestry back in France. For example, she does not list Catherine Baillon, Anne Couvent, or Jeanne Le Marchand.
Gagné, Roland-Yves, "Les origines des familles Le Neuf et Le Gardeur," Mémoires de la Société généalogique canadienne-française:
Part I, "Les origines des familles Le Neuf et Le Gardeur," 63:3 (Autumn 2012) : 174-198;
Part II, "De Richard Le Neuf à Jean et Jean dits Le Neuf, frères," 64:1 (Spring 2013): 9-27;
Part III, "Les enfants de Jean Le Neuf le jeune et de Marguerite Le Gardeur," 64:3 (Autumn 2013): 199-216;
Part IV, "Les cinq enfants de Mathieu Le Neuf et Jeanne Le Marchand," 64:4 (Winter 2013): 261-280;
Part V, "Les frères Robert et Jean Le Gardeur," 65:1 (Spring 2014): 23-40;
Part VI, "Les familles alliées Lainé et Poullain," 65:2 (Summer 2014): 97-108;
Part VII, "Jean Le Gardeur, Jeanne Le Tavernier et leurs enfants," 65:3 (Autumn 2014): 213-226;
Part VIII, "Boniface et René Le Gardeur, sieurs de Tilly," 65:4 (Winter 2014): 261-276. (Note: The SGCF has made this whole issue available, including Part VIII, at http://sgcf.com/documents/memoire_exemple_no_282.pdf, accessed 8 April 2016.)
This important series is an excellent example of what can be acheived by a skilled genealogist with access to original records at the departmental archives level. Gagné's research clearly establishes the origins of both the Le Neuf and the Le Gardeur families in Normandie. In the case of the Le Neufs, he demonstrates how this family went from being tanners to nobles over several generations.
Gagné, Roland-Yves, and Laurent Kokanosky, "Les origins de Philippe Amiot (Hameau), de son éspouse Anne Couvent et de leur neveu Toussaint Ledran," Mémoires de la Société généalogique canadienne-française 58, no 1, issue 251 (Spring 2007): 17-58.
Gagné and Kokanosky identify the places of origin back in France for the Amiot, Couvent, and Ledran family. They also document a royal gateway for Anne Couvent and her sister Charlotte Couvent back to Charlemagne through the Longueval and Joyeuse families.
Godbout, Archange. "Baillonde MarleLesueur." Mémoires de la Société Généalogique canadienne-française 1:1 (January 1944): 37-43.
__________. "D'Ailleboust, de Montet, et Hotman." Mémoires de la Société Généalogique canadienne-française 1:4 (June 1945): 231-240.
__________. "Damours." Mémoires de la Société Généalogique canadienne-française 6:3 (September 1953): 114-123.
__________. "Levrault." Mémoires de la Société Généalogique canadienne-française 1:1 (January 1944): 43-48.
__________. "Les Robineau de Bécancourt." Mémoires de la Société Généalogique canadienne-française 4:3 (September 1951): 158-165.
__________. "Vieilles familles de France en Nouvelle-France." Rapport de l'archiviste de la Province de Québec, vol. 53, 1976, pp. 105-264.
Godbout is one of the founding fathers of Québec genealogy. These works contain his research on the noble families of France that settled in New France. Besides the work of Godbout, many items of interest to French-Canadian nobles can be found in the pages of the Canadian journals Bulletin des recherches historiques, Cahiers des Dix, and the Mémoires de la Société généalogique canadienne-française.
Jetté, René. Dictionnaire généalogique des familles du Québec des origines à 1730. With the collaboration of the Programme de recherche en démographie historique. Montréal: Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal, 1983.
When Jetté finds a line leading back to France he includes several generations based on the information he had available to him in 1983.
Jetté, René, John P. DuLong, Roland-Yves Gagné, and Gail F. Moreau. "De Catherine Baillon à Charlemagne." Mémoires de la Société généalogique canadienne-française 48, no. 3 (Autumn 1997):190-216.
Jetté, René, John P. DuLong, Roland-Yves Gagné, and Gail F. Moreau. "From Catherine Baillon to Charlemagne." American-Canadian Genealogist 25, no. 4 (Fall 1999): 170-200.
Jetté, René, John Patrick DuLong, Roland-Yves Gagné, Gail F. Moreau, and Joseph A. Dubé. Table d'ascendance de Catherine Baillon (12 générations). Montréal: Société généalogique canadienne-française, 2001.
I am proud to be part of this research team that found and documented a lineage for Catherine Baillon that stretches all the way to Charlemagne. Our work used many of the references listed on this web page.
Jetté, René, Roland-Yves Gagné, John Patrick DuLong, and Paul Leportier. "Les Le Neuf: état des connaissances." Mémoires de la Société généalogique canadienne-française 51, no. 3 (Autumn 2000): 209-227. This article has been translated into English and is being published in three parts in Michigan's Habitant Heritage, starting with the October 2002 issue. For an important update on the Le Neuf family, see René Jetté, "Du neuf sur les Le Neuf," Mémoires de la Société généalogique canadienne-française 53, no. 3 (Summer 2002): 143-144.
This is the result of another research team, with overlapping membership from the Baillon team. Here we document a royal lineage back to Charlemagne for the Le Neuf brothers.
Larin, Robert. "Les émigrants nobles de la Conquête, dénombrement et recensement nominatif." Available at http://www.anciennesfamilles.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Les-%C3%A9migrants-nobles-de-la-Conqu%C3%AAte_avril-2015.pdf (accessed 14 May 2016).
This is a list of the nobles who departed Canada after the Conquest. Many returned to France or went to other French colonies. Some died at sea on the trip to France.
Larin, Robert, and Yves Drolet. "Les listes de Carleton et de Haldimand. États de la noblesse canadienne en 1767 et 1778." Histoire sociale / Social History 41, no. 82 (November 2008): 563-603. Available at http://hssh.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/hssh/article/viewFile/38714/35122 (accessed 14 May 2016).
This is a list of nobles that the English authorities compiled after the Conquest.
Lart, Charles E. "The Noblesse of Canada." Canadian Historical Review 3:3 (September 1922): 222-232.
This is Lart's introduction to the French nobility in Canada. It is a good companion piece to read with the works he has on the nobility in France.
Massicotte, Edouard-Zotique. "Inventaire des actes de foi et hommage conservés aux Archives judiciaires de Montréal." Rapport des Archives nationales du Québec (1921/22): 102-108.
These are the acts of faith and homage the seigneurs of Canada performed to retain their property.
Quebec, Legislative Assembly. Edicts, Ordinances, Declarations and Decrees Relative to Seigniorial Tenure. Quebec: E. R. Frechette, 1852.
__________. Titles and Documents Relating to the Seigniorial Tenure. Quebec: E. R. Frechette, 1852.
These official publications consists of English translations of French seigneurial documents relating to Canada.
Roy, Pierre-Georges. Inventaire des concessions en fief et seigneurie fois et hommages et aveux et denombrements conservés aux Archives de la province de Quebec. 6 vols. Beauceville: L'Eclaireur, Ltée., 1927-1929.
This is inventory of seigneurial concessions, homages, and census for new France.
*__________. Lettres de noblesse, généalogies, érections de comtés et baronnies insinuées par le Conseil souverain de la Nouvelle-France. 2 vols. Beauceville: L'Éclaireur, 1920.
Because of charlatans like Cadillac, it was necessary periodically to have Canadian noblemen register their proofs of nobility. Since nobles did not pay many taxes, this was also a measure to detect tax frauds. This is a collection of proofs that the Canadian nobles had to submit to verify their social status.
Sulte, Benjamin. "La Noblesse au Canada avant 1760." Mémoires de la Société royale du Canada (September 1914): 103-135.
This is a basic introductory article to the nobles in New France, somewhat dated now.
Heraldry, Sigillography, and Orders
This section covers works on coats-of-arms, seals, and orders of knighthood. The arms our ancestors used and the orders they were awarded can turn into clues you might need to use to solve a genealogical problem. This was certainly the case in the research we did on the ancestry of Catherine Baillon. We used a seal and a display of arms to solve two different problems and to prove the link between generations.
Before proceeding with citations on these topics, I would like to direct your attention to the French Heraldry and Related Topics web page. This is one of my favorite sites to visit. François Velde has done a tremendous job providing us with information about French heraldry, nobility, royalty, and orders. He also has pages dedicated to heraldry in general and for other ethnic groups at Heraldica. Velde is the leading expert on French heraldry on the web and he often posts to the rec.heraldry Usenet news group.
Annonymous. "Bibliographie héraldique Canadienne Française." Available at http://www.anciennesfamilles.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Biblio-H%C3%A9raldique.pdf (accessed 14 May 2016).
This detailed bibliography with links when available to online resources is an excellent guide to the use of heraldry in New France and Québec. It is hosted at the Regroupement des anciennes familles web site and I suspect it was prepared by Yves Drolet.
Abzac, Arnaud d'. Art du blason et recherches sur armoriaux. 5 vols. Available on CD from GeneaGuide.com.
Vol. 1: Familles des provinces de l'Ouest;
Vol. 2: Familles des provinces de l'Ouest (continued);
Vol. 3: Familles sur toute la France;
Vol. 4: Familles des provinces du Sud-Est;
Vol. 5: Familles de l'Ile de France, Vexin, et Normandie.
I have yet to see this CD product, but I am intrigued by it as the author relies on many other works to compile his armorial.
Colleville, Ludovic, comte de, and François Saint-Christo. Les ordres du roi, répertoire général contenant les noms et qualités de tous les chevaliers des ordres royaux militaires et chevaleresques ayant existé en France de 1099 a 1830 . . . Avec une histoire des ordres du Saint-Esprit, de Saint-Michel, de Saint-Louis, etc. Paris, Jouve, 1924. Photocopy. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University Microfilms, 1968.
This contains a list of the noble men initiated into the King's Orders and the dates of their enrollment. The orders include the Order of the Holy Spirit founded in 1578, the Order of St. Michel founded in 1428, and the Order of St. Louis founded in 1693. In addition there was also the Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel founded in 1607 and the Order of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem established in 1060. These last two are not covered in this book. Lastly, there was also a Military Order of Merit founded in 1759 for Protestants. The other orders were exclusively Catholic. A reprint edition of this work is now available from Mémoire et Document.
Crayencour, Georges de. Dictionnaire héraldiques. 2nd rev. ed. Paris: Editions Christian, 1985.
Nicely done dictionary in French of heraldry.
*Demay, Germain. Inventaire des sceaux de l'Artois et de la Picardie, recuillis dans les dépôts d'archives, musées et collections particulières des départements du Pas-de-Calais, de l'Oise, de la Somme et de l'Aisne, avec un catalogue de pierres gravées ayant à sceller. 2 vols. Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1877.
*__________. Inventaire des sceaux de la collection Clairambault à la Bibliothèque nationale. 2 vols. Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1885-1886.
*__________. Inventarie des sceaux de la Flandre, recueillis dans les dépôts d'archives, musées et collections particulières du département du Nord. 2 vols. Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1873.
*__________. Inventaire des sceaux de la Normandie recueillis dans les dépôts d'archives, musées et collections particulières des départements de la Seine-Inférieure, du Calvados, de l'Eure, de la Manche et de l'Orne avec une introduction sur la paléographie des sceaux. Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1881.
Demay provides us with several valuable books containing descriptions of seals in various collections. Pierre de Clairambault (1651-1740), as the genealogist of the prestigious Order of the Holy Spirit, had an extensive collection of seals depicting the arms of the nobility and royalty. We were particularly fortunate on the Baillon project because Demay had inventoried seals from Picardy, Flanders, and Normandy, all areas we were researching. Typically, Demay transcribes the motto on the seal, describes it in detail, indicates the original document the seal was attached to, and provides an identification number so you can examine the seal or, more likely, a plaster cast of the seal in La salle de sigillographie et d'héraldique at the Archives nationales. Some illustrations are also included.
Devreaux, Pierre. Blazons et armoiries: témoins de notre histoire. St-Malo, France: Éditions d'Art Derveaux, 1987.
__________. Provinces de France: histoire et dynasties. St-Malo, France: Éditions d'Art Derveaux, 1989.
Devreaux is an excellent heraldry artist who has made some spectacular wall charts showing the lineages of the French kings, the dukes of Burgundy, and the Dukes of Brittany. These charts include beautifully done colorful images of the arms of the husbands and wives. These two books are illustrative of the quality of his art.
Dubuisson, Pierre Paul. Armorial des principles maisons et familles du royaume. Original ed. 1757. Reprint ed. Paris: Éditions du Palais royal, 1974.
This little book presents drawings of the arms of the top nobility mostly from Paris and Ile-de-France. He provides the blazon as well and often names the family's seigneuries.
Fauteux, Aegidius. "Armorial du Canada français." 2 vols. Typed manuscript at the Salle Gagnon, Bibliothèque centrale de Montréal, n.d.
This manuscript is worth consulting if you do not find what you seek in Massicotte and Roy's French Canadian armorial. Unfortunately, it is not published and you must consult it at the Salle Gagnon, Bibliothèque centrale, in Montréal.
__________. Les Chevaliers de Saint-Louis en Canada. Montreal: Les Éditions des Dix, 1940.
The Royal and Military Order of St-Louis was founded by Louis XIV to reward officer for bravery and service. Many members of the Canadian elite were granted this prestigious award. This book identifies the Canadian holders of this honor and the date they received it.
Gandilhon, René, and Michel Pastoureau. Bibliographie de la sigillographie française. Paris: A. et J. Picard, 1982.
This is the essential bibliography pointing to all the published works listing seals in France.
Héron de Villefosse, René, ed. Armorial de la ville de Paris. Engraved by Beaumont, Graveur ordinaire de la Ville. Paris: Éditions Contrepoint, 1977.
Beautifully done set of engravings showing the arms of the mayor (Prévôt des marchands) and aldermen (Échevins) of Paris before the French Revolution. Not well documented, but so far I have found it to correspond well with other data my colleagues and I have collected on some of these officials.
Hozier, Jean-Françios-Louis d'. Recueil de tous les membres composant l'ordre royal et militaire de Saint-Louis depuis l'année 1693. 2 vols. Paris: J. Smith, 1817-1818.
This book is organized by the date in which a gentleman was made a knight in the Order of St-Louis. Because it lacks an index, it is difficult to search. Also, some Canadians are missing from this compilation. Lastly, it ends its coverage in 1743. You are better off using Fauteux's Les Chevaliers de Saint-Louis en Canada (1940) who used this work in preparing his own. Nevertheless, this work is worth consulting if you are searching for someone who held this order, but was not French Canadian or Acadian. It this list is easily accessible online at Gallica.
*Massicotte, Édouard-Zotique, and Régis Roy. Armorial du Canada français. 2 vols. Montréal: Beauchemin, 1915-1918.
Hand drawings, of unimpressive quality, showing the arms of Canadian nobles and French administrators. Otherwise, a fine general resource.
Mathieu, Rémi. Le système héraldrique français. Paris: J. B. Janin, 1946.
This book is an excellent introduction to the practice of heraldry in France.
Meurgey de Tupigny, Jacques, ed. Armorial de la généralité de Paris. 4 vols. Macon, 1965-1967.
This is a well done example of a concentrating on the "Armorial général" manuscript of arms for a particular region, Paris. It has the blazons (technical descriptions of coats-of-arms) for the families living in and around Paris. It also has blazons for corporations, churches, and guilds. He also has a list of published armorials based on the "Armorial général" manuscript for other provinces. The introductory material in these volumes is an excellent explanation of the 1696 arms tax and the history of the "Armorial général."
Jougla de Morenas, Henri, and Raoul de Warren. Grand armorial de France. 7 vols., Paris: Les Editions Héraldiques, 1934-1952; reprint ed., Paris: Frankelve, 1975.
Vol. 1, Introduction to French Heraldry, Aa-Bat, nos. 1-3333, 398 p.
Vol. 2, Bat-Coe, nos. 3334-10570, 470 p.
Vol. 3, Coe-Fie, nos. 10571-15369, 390 p.
Vol. 4, Fie-Mar, nos. 15370-23075, 537 p.
Vol. 5, Mar-Ric, nos. 23076-29045, 473 p.
Vol. 6, Ric-Zyl and Bibliography, nos. 29046-35429, 537 p.
Vol. 7, Supplement, A-Z, 447 p.
This is a collection blazons for the French nobility. The surname and occasionally the associated estate names as well as the province of origins are recorded. Each family is assigned an accession number. Frequently a drawing is made of the arms. Some families have partial genealogies and family tables included. The authors also mention the sources for their information including manuscripts at the Bibliothèque nationale de France. Unfortunately, the inclusion of sources only starts haphazardly with the letter "E" in vol. 3 and does not become standard until vol. 4. Vol. 7 is a supplement with additions and corrections. It is important to get a description of your ancestor's possible arms. This will become a visual clue that you will learn to use in your research to differentiate families with similar surnames. The Grand armorial de France is the best place to start your search for the arms of a French family. This work is now also available on CD from Mémoire et Document.
*Paris, Louis. Indicateur du Grand Armorial Général de France: recueil officiel dressé en vertu de l'édit de 1696 (34 volumes de texte et 35 volumes d'armoiries) par Charles d'Hozier, Juge d'Armes. 2 vols. in 1. Paris: Librairie Nobilaire de Mme. Bachelin-Deflorenne, 1865.
This is an alphabetical index of surnames and seigneuries appearing in the manuscript "Armorial Général" of the Cabinet des titres.
Pastoureau, Michel. Traité d'héraldique. 2nd ed. Paris: Grands manuels Picard, 1993.
This is a scholarly and technical work on heraldry. It is well illustrated. It contains a detailed bibliography pointing to many other valuable tools.. I must confess that I have picked it up several times to read it, but never make it past a few pages. I find it less accessible than Mathieu's (1946) book on French heraldry.
*Renesse, comte Théodore de. Dictionnaire des figures héraldiques. 7 vols. Bruxelles: O. Schepens, 1894-1903. Reprinted in one volume. Leuven: Jan van Helmont, 1992.
This is an ordinary of arms, that is, a tool to look up owners of arms based on the design of the arms. It should be used in conjunction with Rietstap's 2nd ed. ([1861] 1884-1887).
*Rietstap, Johannes Baptist. Armorial général. 2nd ed., much enlarged. 2 vols. Gouda: G. B. van Goor, [1861] 1884-1887.
This is perhaps one of the best known and most widely available armorials covering arms from several European countries including many from France. This armorial contains only blazons, the technical description of arms. For drawings of the arms see the illustrations by Rolland and Rolland ([1903-1926] 1967).
*Robert, Ulysse. Indicateur des armoiries des villes, bourgs, villages, monastères, communautés, corporations, etc., contenues dans l'Armorial général de d'Hozier. Paris, 1879.
In the frenzy to record arms and tax the bearers of them in 1696, the French also carefully recorded corporate arms, that is, arms of villages, towns, monasteries, guilds, etc. This is an index to corporate arms in the "Armorial général"manuscript. You ancestor might not have carried arms, but perhaps his town or guild did have arms.
Rolland, Victor, and Henri V. Rolland. Armorial général de J. B. Rietstap, Supplément. 7 vols. La Haye: M. Nijhoff, 1926-1954.
Corrections and additions to Rietstap ([1861] 1884-1887).
__________. Illustrations to the Armorial general by J. B. Rietstap. 6 vols. in 3. Baltimore: Heraldic Book Co., [1903-1926] 1967.
This is a set of illustrations for Rietstap ([1861] 1884-1887) and the supplements by the Rollands (1926-1954).
*Roman, Joseph. Inventaire des sceaux de la collection des pièces originales du Cabinet des titres à la Bibliothèque nationale. Paris, Imprimerie nationale,1909.
This is an inventory of seals found attached to original documents once submitted to tax courts to prove nobility. It has a description of the seal, the motto, the name of the document and a unique number you can use to examine the seal at the La salle de sigillographie et d'héraldique of the Archives nationales in Paris. This was projected to be published in two volumes. However, only vol. 1, covering A-M, was published. The manuscript for vol. 2, N-Z, can be consulted in the Archives nationales.
Vachon, Auguste. "Les armoiries personnelles au Québec." L'Ancêtre, 34, no. 283 (summer 2008), available at http://heraldicscienceheraldique.com/les-armoiries-personnelles-au-queacutebec.html (accessed 10 May 2016).
__________. "Les armoiries personnelles en Nouvelle-France." L'Ancêtre, 34, nos. 281 and 283 (winter and summer 2008), available at http://heraldicscienceheraldique.com/les-armoiries-personnelles-en-nouvelle-france.html (accessed 10 May 2016).
The articles by Vachon, the retired Ottawa herald of the Canadian Heraldic Authority are well worth reviewing as introductions to the use of arms in New France and in the province of Québec. His website also holds many other interesting articles relating to heraldry in Canada.
Example Family Histories
French genealogists have compiled some rather well done reports, especially considering when some of them were working. Here I list some of the family histories I have seen in my research that have impressed me as valuable examples.
Bertrand de Broussillon, Arthur. La maison de Craon 1050-1480. 2 vols. Paris, 1893.
__________. La maison de Laval 1020-1605. 5 vols. Paris, 1895-1903.
These are two excellent and well documented books on important French families. They are models of completeness. Bertrand not only cites medieval cartularies, he includes the relevant
parts in his appendix. Cartularies are charters usually preserved at monasteries and recording donations of the devoted. They are packed with genealogical data and are essential for doing medieval research.
*Butkens, Christophe. Trophées tant sacrés que profanes du duché de Brabant. 2 vols. La Haye, 1724, supplement 1726.
This is a wide ranging work covering the Dukes of Brabant and associated families. At one time Flanders and its neighbors were in the cultural sphere of the France. Many Flemish-French noble families can be found in this work. The Family History Library has part of this work on microfilm.
Duchesne, André. Histoire des rois, ducs et comtes de Bourgogne. Paris, 1619. Available online at Gallica.
__________. Histoire de la maison de Chastillon sur Marne. 2 vols. Paris, 1621.
__________. Histoire généalogique de la maison de Montmorency. 2 vols. in 1. Paris, 1623.
__________. Histoire généalogique de la maison de Vergy. 2 vols. Paris, 1625. [Available through the Family History Library.]
__________. Histoire généalogique de la maison royale de Dreux. 8 vols. in 1. Paris, 1631.
__________. Histoire généalogique des maisons de Guines, d'Ardes, de Gand et de Coucy. 2 vols. Paris, 1631. Available online at Gallica.
__________. Histoire généalogique de la maison de Béthune. 2 parts in 1 vol. Paris, 1639.
André Duchesne (1584-1640) was the father of scholarly genealogy in France and had an impact on the development of this field across western Europe. He was one of the first to take great care to cite his sources. His work on the great feudal families is rare and not yet microfilmed. Yale University Library has most of them in their Rare Book Collection.
Jetté, René. Traité de généalogie. Montréal: Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal, 1991.
Jetté's treatise on genealogy is a breakthrough work for a number of reasons. However, in the context of this web site, his most important contribution was to point out three lines going back from Québec and Acadia to Charlemagne. Although one of these lines he latter modified when further evidence came forwardsee the article by Jetté, DuLong, Gagné, and Moreau (1997 and 1999) cited in the Nobility in New France sectionhis work has been an inspiration to several other North American French researchers to try and trace back other noble families.
*La Roque, Gilles André. Histoire genealogiqve de la maison de Harcovrt, enrichie d'vn grand nombre d'armoiries, alliances, genealogies, matieres & recherches concernants non seulement les range & les interests de cette maison, mais encore l'histoire generale. 4 vols. Paris: S. Cramoisy, imprimeur ordinaire du roy et de la reyne, 1662.
The Harcourt family of Normandie was related to many local families as well as families elsewhere in France and in England. The last two volumes contain transcriptions of proofs in the first two volumes. This set is difficult to work with because of its confusing organization and lack of a thorough index. However, if you have a family with any ties to the Harcourts, then you must consult this work. Now available on CD from GeneaGuide.com.
Leportier, Paul. Familles médiévales normandes. 3 vols. Saint-Aubin-les-Elbeuf: Page de garde, 2005, Fooliotage, 2010-2012.
Leportier provides detailed genealogies for Norman noble families he has been studying. Vol. 1 contains Beaumont (counts of Meulan, Leicester, and Warwick), de Bellme, Montgommery (counts of Bellme), de Ponthieu, d'Alenon, de Tosny (lords of Conches, barons of Flamstead), Hauteville (kings of Sicily, princes of Antioche; counts of Mortagne and of Perche, the lords of Montfort-sur-Risle and of Bertrand de Briquebec, Briquessart (vicounts of de Bayeux and counts of Chester); vicounts d'Arques; Tesson (barons of Thury and Saint-Sauveur), Crespin du Bec-Crespin, Dangu and Tillires, de Briouze, Paynel of Moutiers-Hubert, Hambye, Moyon, and Marcei; de La Haye in lower Normandy, the lords of Ligle, the lords of Beaufou, Peverel, Reviers (counts of Devon and Vernon), de Vassy, de Bricqueville, Aux Epaules, and de Campion. Vol. 2 covers du Hommet, de Conteville, Géré alias Giroie, Malet, de Ferrières, de Thibouville, de Colombières, de Mortemer, Bacon, de Villiers et de Vierville, Bigot, du Merle, de Bailleul, Suhard, d'Ouessy. I have no information on the contents of vol. 3.
Pâris, Bertrand, with the contribution of Paul Leportier. La Famille de Corday. Mayenne, France: Éditions Régionales de l'Ouest, 1994.
This well researched and documented book is of interest because the Le Neuf and Le Gardeur families of New France have a matrilineal descent from the Corday family. Furthermore, this same family gave birth to the heroine Charlotte Corday who stabbed to death the revolutionary rabble rouser Marat in his bath and was guillotined for her effort!
Library and Archives Guides
I must explain my approach to libraries and archives. I treat them as military objectives. I first identify the targets of choice, that is, the libraries and archives most likely to hold the data I am interested in. I then learn everything thing I can about the targeted institution including organization, catalogues, cataloguing systems, manuscript indexes, online resources, and guides. I then prepare a specific mission list of what I want to find and in what collections I hope to find it in. If writing, I make up a very specific request pointing to exact citations. If visiting, I make up a detailed hit list of what I want, where it should be, and how I found out about it. I have yet to find a librarian or archivist who is not impressed by my level of preparation and who has not helped me willingly. In my opinion, an unprepared general request for information is a disservice to yourself and to the staff at these often overwhelmed institutions.
Archives nationales de France. Guide du lecteur. 6th ed. Paris: Archives nationales, 1993.
This is the basic how-to-use-the-archives manual. You should read this over before you write or visit the Archives nationales. It is updated frequently.
Bernard, Gildas. Guide des recherches sur l'histoire des familles. Paris: Archives nationales, 1981.
In my opinion, this is the best published guide to French genealogy. He discusses in detail what is available in both the Archives nationales and the Bibliothèque nationale de France. See in particular pp. 193-217 and 226-227 coving nobles, orders of knighthood, and heraldry.
Bibliothèque nationale de France. Guide pratique de la Bibliothèque nationale. 2nd ed. Paris: Bibliothèque nationale, 1989.
Like the guide for the Archives nationales, this is essential reading before visiting or writing to the library. It too is updated frequently.
I have listed in this section as many Bibliothèque nationale de France catalogues as I can find that I have used in the past. Others may exist. Working with them you will soon observe that there are several series of manuscript numbers referring to difference collections that were donated or collected at distinct times. The French Manuscript Collection (often abbreviated as fr. ms.) is a closed series. Nothing new has been added to it since 1862 when the French Manuscripts New Acquisition Collection (often abbreviated as n. acq. ms.) was opened and where the new contributions have been placed. With a manuscript number and a series name, for example, Anciens petits fonds français, you should be able to refer to the correct catalog and look up a short description of the manuscript of interest. These documents can only be found at the Bibliothèque nationale de France and to my knowledge they have not been microfilmed by the Family History Library.
Keep in mind that the Bibliothèque nationale de France is not organized like any American or Canadian library you are familiar with. Its collection has grown over centuries not decades. Works dealing with genealogy were not all donated at the same time. This is why you have to look though all the catalogues listed here. Each of these catalogs also contains an index.
__________, Département des Manuscrits. Catalogue des manuscrits de la collection Baluze. Compiled by Lucien Auvray and René Poupardin. Paris: E. Leroux, 1921, 24 cm.
Étienne Baluze (1630-1718) was the librarian for Colbert, the famous minister of finance for Louis XIV. This collection holds some armoriesa collection of drawings of armsand divers papers of the genealogist André Duchesne.
*__________. Catalogue des manuscrits de la collection Clairambault. Compiled by Philippe Lauer. 3 vols. Paris: E. Leroux, 1923-1932, 24 cm.
Pierre de Clairambault (1651-1740) was a Genealogist of the King's Orders. Unlike his compatriot Bernard Chérinwhose papers were deposited in the Cabinet des titresClairambault's papers were not donated until after the French Revolution and were kept separate. Unfortunately, many of his papers were burnt by the revolutionaries. You might also want to check for seals in the Clairambault collection (Demay 1885-1886).
__________. Catalogue des manuscrits des collections Duchesne et Bréquigny. Paris: E. Leroux, 1905, 24 cm.
It is only the section of this catalogue dealing with André Duchesne (1584-1640) and his son François Duchesne (1616-1693) that interests us. André conducted many studies of the most important noble French families of the Middle Ages.
___________, Département des Manuscrits. Catalogue général des manuscrits français: table générale alphabétique des Ancien et Nouveaux fonds (Nos 1-33264) et des Nouvelles acquisitions (Nos 1-10000). Compiled by Alexandre Vidier and Paul Perrier. 6 vols. Paris: E. Leroux, 1931-1948, 24 cm.
Vol. 1, A-B;
Vol. 2, C-D;
Vol. 3, E-K;
Vol. 4, L-M;
Vol. 5, N-R;
Vol. 6, S-Z.
This is an alphabetical index of persons and places found in the extensive manuscript collection of the Bibliothèque nationale de France. If you find a name of interest here, then you must record the manuscript number as the first step. The second step is to track down the manuscript number in one of the other descriptive catalogs of the Bibliothèque nationale de France listed in this section.
__________, Département des Manuscrits. Catalogue général des manuscrits français: ancien fonds (Nos 1-6170). 5 vols. Paris: Firmin-Didot, 1868-1902, 31 cm.
__________, Département des Manuscrits. Catalogue général des manuscrits français: ancien supplément français (Nos 6171-15369). Compiled by Henri Omont. 3 vols. Paris: E. Leroux, 1895-1896, 24 cm.
__________, Département des Manuscrits. Catalogue général des manuscrits français: ancien Saint-Germain français (Nos 15370-20064). Compiled by Lucien Auvray and Henri Omont. 3 vols. Paris: E. Leroux, 1898-1900, 24 cm.
__________, Département des Manuscrits. Catalogue général des manuscrits français: anciens petits fonds français (Nos 20065-33264). Compiled by Charles de La Roncière and Camille Couderc [attributed to Henri Omont on the title page]. 3 vols. Paris: E. Leroux, 1898-1902, 24 cm.
The third volume of this set covers the Cabinet des titres. It gives basic information about what can be found in each item of the collection.
__________, Département des Manuscrits. Catalogue général des manuscrits français: nouvelles acquisitions françaises (Nos 1-10000, 20001-22811). 4 vols. Paris: E. Leroux, 1899-1918, 24 cm.
Vol. 4, pp. 517-740, contains an index for mss. 10001-11353, 20001-22811, which is not covered in the general index. Small sized manuscripts are numbered below 20000 and large sized ones above 20001. I have learned that the Bibliothèque nationale de France has continued to add manuscripts to this collection and they are up to at least 16427 and 25245 respectively. There are apparently published continuation summary inventories covering these additions.
__________, Département des Manuscrits. Les Catalogues du Département des Imprimés. Paris: Bibliothèque nationale, 1970.
A list of the catalogues and indexes for the printed books at the Bibliothèque nationale de France. You will need this to untangle the complex card catalogue system they have. The Bibliothèque nationale de France now has an online card catalogue for its publications, called Opale, but not everything is in it yet.
__________. Les Catalogues du Département des Manuscrits: manuscrits occidentaux. Paris: Bibliothèque nationale, 1974.
This lists many of the catalogues, inventories, and indexes that have now been microfiched. This is an important guide for understanding the tools available to you for locating information in the manuscript collection.
__________. Collections manuscrits sur l'histoire de provinces de France. Compiled by Philippe Lauer. 2 vols. Paris: E. Leroux, 1905-1911, 24 cm.
This is a descriptive catalogue with an index to the provincial collections in the Bibliothèque national de France. Only the following provinces are covered: Anjou, Artois, Bourgogne, Champagne, Flandre, Languedoc, Lorraine, Maine, Périgord, Picardie, Touraine, and Vexin. If your ancestor originates from one of these provinces, then I suggest you check this index.
Bluche, François. Les honneurs de la cour. 2 vols. in 1. Paris: Les cahiers nobles, 1957.
To be granted the honneurs de la court a person had to demonstrate an unbroken noble lineage extending back to 1400. This honor meant that you would be presented to the king. It was more than just attending the court at Versailles. It was an honor reserved for only members of the most ancient nobility of the sword unless the king made a special exception. The genealogist of the king's orders would verify any candidates lineage.
__________. Les Pages de la Grande-Écurie. 3 vols. in 4. Paris, 1966.
In order to take advantage of social perks, the nobles had to prove their nobility to the King's genealogists. These are the proofs people submitted to place their sons as pages in the King's Great Stable. Similar documentation had to be submitted for other various royal sponsored institutions and schools.
Chauleur, Andrée. Bibliothèque et archives: comment se documente? Guide pratique à l'usage des étudiants, des professeurs, des documentalistes et archivistes, des chercheurs. . . . 2nd ed. Paris: Institut National de Recherche Pédagogique, Economica, 1980.
This is probably the best overall guide to libraries and archives in France and how to use them.
Dechène, Louise. "Concise Inventory of the 'Cabinet des Titres' (Collection of Title Deeds) of the 'Bibliothèque nationale' (National Library) Paris, Pertaining to Canadian Families." French Canadian and Acadian Genealogical Review 2:2 (Summer 1969): 121-134.
This is a good introduction, as far as it goes, to the papers of the d'Hozier dynasty of judges of arms and genealogists of the King of France in the Cabinet des titres. Dechène explains the parts of this collection and the provenance of the records. It is especially of value to Canadian researchers since she lists the Canadian noble families with records appearing in the Cabinet des titres.
Directions des archives de France. Catalogue des instruments de recherche des archives départementales, communales, et hospitalières: dan les services d'archives des départements en vente au 30 juin 1981. Paris: Archives nationales, 1981.
Over the decades the staff of the various departmental archives have created a number of research tools, such as, guides, indexes, summary inventories, repertoires, etc. This book lists the published guides by departments available in 1981.
__________. État des inventaires des archives départementales, communales, et hospitalières au 1er janvier 1983. 2 vols. Paris: Archives nationales, 1984.
This is another and more detailed list of research tools and unpublished card indexes for departmental archives available in 1983. Before you visit a departmental archives you should always check first for a published guide to the collection and search any published indexes you can find in North America.
Direction des Bibliothèques et de la Lecture publique. Répertoire des bibliothèques et organismes de documentation. Paris: Bibliothèque nationale, 1971.
This is a directory of public libraries, departmental archives, and other repositories in France. Each repository is briefly described and occasionally special genealogical collections are mentioned. Although it is now out of date, you might still want to use it to locate repositories of interest. I believe a supplement was published in 1973, but I have not found any more recent update.
Favier, Jean, gen. ed. Les Archives nationales: état des inventaires. 4 vols. Paris: Archives nationales de France, 1985-1991.
Vol. 1, L'Ancien régime, by Anne-Lise Rey-Courtel;
Vol. 2, 1789-1940, probably by Anne-Lise Rey-Courtel;
Vol. 3, Marine et outre-mer, by Anne-Lise. Rey-Courtel, in press, probably printed by now, but I have not seen it;
Vol. 4, Fonds divers, by Anne-Lise Rey-Courtel.
This tool list all the manuscript and published inventories, indexes, and guides for working with various sets of documents. It is best used in conjunction with the État général des fonds.
__________. Les Archives nationales: état général des fonds. 5 vols. Paris: Archives nationales, 1978-1988.
Vol. 1, L'Ancien régime, by Étienne Taillemite, documents relating to France before 1789;
Vol. 2, 1789-1940, by Rémi Mathieu;
Vol. 3, Marine et outre-mer, by P. Boyer, M. A. Menier, and E. Taillemite, documents concerning the navy and overseas possessions;
Vol. 4, Fonds divers et corrections et additions aux tomes I, II, et III, by R. Marquant, divers collections with corrections and additions to the first three volumes, includes information about the archives of the notaires of Paris;
Vol. 5, 1940-1958: fonds conservés à Paris, by Chantal de Tourtier-Bonazzi, modern collections conserved at Paris.
The official guide to the collection of the Archives nationales. Here is housed many materials concerning the nobility and royalty. Vol. 1 covers the materials relating to the Ancien Régime. Each set of documents is briefly described with the period of coverage indicated. I use this resource to identify documents I might want to order and look through when visiting Paris. It is also excellent for untangling cryptic source citations in other works.
Geoffray, Stéphane. Répertoire des procès-verbaux des preuves de noblesse des jeunes gentilshommes admis aux écoles royales militaires, 1751-1792. Paris, 1894.
Documents proving nobility that parents submitted to gain entrance into the Royal Military Schools and the Royal College of La Flèche.
Hozier, M. d'. Indicateur nobiliaire, ou table alphabétique des noms des familles nobles. Paris: Doublet, 1818.
This is a surname guide to the papers in the Cabinet des titres. I do not believe it is very detailed.
Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, Direction du Livre et de la Lecture. Catalogue général des manuscrits des bibliothèques publiques des départements de France. 7 vols. Old series, Paris, 1849-1885. 64 vols. New series, Paris: Plon-Nourrit et cie. and Éditions du Centre national de la Recherche scientifique, 1886-1989.
This set is a catalogue of the manuscripts found in public libraries and departmental archives of France. Each volume is dedicated to a different region or repository and has an index. You must check each volume and pay particular attention to those done for your ancestor's region of origin. Saffroy (1968-1988) does point to this collection under the abbreviation CGMBPF. However, he is not complete in his coverage. I believe that this is still an ongoing publication project and their might be more volumes published since 1989. For an index see Popoff (1993).
Newman, Lindsay Mary. Libraries in Paris: A Student's Guide . Scorton, England: Conder Research, 1971.
Popoff, Michel. Index général des manuscrits: Décrits dans le Catalogue général des manuscrits des bibliothèques publiques de France. 3 vols. Paris: Références, 1993.
Ricour, David Du Boys, comte de. Liste des filles demoiselles reçues dans la Maison de Saint-Louis fondée à Saint-Cyr par le roi, 1686-1766. Paris, 1879.
__________. Liste des pages du roi de la Petite et de la Grande écurie, 1680-1765, suivie de la liste des pages des ducs d'Orléans, 1721-1729. Paris, 1880.
These are lists of young ladies of quality admitted to the royal school at Saint-Cyr and young gentlemen admitted into the great and little royal stables as pages. The proofs of their nobility should be found in the Cabinet des titres.
Welsch, Erwin K. Libraries and Archives in France: A Handbook. Rev. ed. New York: Council for European Studies, 1979.
Willems, Joseph-Hubert, and Jean-Yves Conan. Liste alphabétique des pages de la Grande écurie du roi. Suresnes, 1966.
__________. Liste alphabétique des pages de la Petite écurie du roi. Suresnes, 1966.
These are indexes for the nobility proofs submitted by the pages of the great and
little royal stables.
Journals, Associations, and Stores
This section is incomplete. I have to add some French journals. I am aware of GE-Magazine and La Revue française de généalogie. However, I have never really looked through them closely. This is an oversight I must remedy. Meanwhile, I thought I should include what I had and add to this section later.
GeneaGuide.com
Web: GeneaGuide.com
This is a key website for anyone doing French genealogy. It is a partnership site between several book dealers and associations interested in French genealogy and heraldry. Their online bookstore is extensive. Well worth periodic visits to see what is new.
Éditions Christian
14, rue Littré
75006 Paris
FRANCE
Tel.: 01.45.48.49.79
Fax: 01.45.48.37.45
This is the best bookstore I have found offering the widest choice of titles on French genealogy, nobility, and royalty. I had the pleasure of visiting this store on one of my trips to Paris. It was like paradise. You can order Gé[néalogie]-Magazine: la généalogie aujourd'hui (1982-) and Histoire et sociétés: annales de généalogie et d'héraldique (1993-, formerly called Histoire et généalogie: annales de généalogie et d'héraldique [1985-1993]) from this company. It is one of the GeneaGuide.com partners.
Histoire et Généalogie
Web: http://www.histogeneal.com
This website offers a wide variety of genealogical and heraldry books. Several of the works on this bibliography are available from this company on CD or DVD.
Mémoire et Document
3, rue des frères Coustou
78000 Versailles
FRANCE
Tel.: 01.39.02.11.82
Fax: 01.39.50.19.44
Web: http://www.memodoc.com
This is a new establishment that I have not visited. However, its web site has an impressive array of genealogical items for sale including reprints of many books of interest to people researching their noble ancestors.
Éditions d'Art Derveaux
5, rue Cunat
35400, St-Malo
FRANCE
The source of beautifully illustrated wall charts containing heraldic images.
French Ancestor
Anglo-French Family History Society
31 Collingwood Walk
Andover, Hampshire SP10 1PU
UNITED KINGDOM
This society is dedicated to English-speaking people researching their ancestors in France.
The Genealogist
Picton Press
P.O. Box 250
Rockport ME 04856-0250
This prestigious quality journal covers many topics of interest to Medieval genealogists and has some French content. It is now edited by Charles M. Hansen and Gale Ion Harris, owned by the American Society of Genealogists and published by Picton Press.
Genealogists' Magazine
Society of Genealogists
14 Charterhouse Buildings
Goswell Road
London EC1M 7BA
UNITED KINGDOM
Occasionally, this English journal has some interesting articles on French research and Medieval genealogy.
Héraldique et généalogie: revue nationale de généalogie et d'héraldique (1969-)
BP 526
78005 Versailles
FRANCE
Email: h.g at eurogeneal.com
This journal replaced the Bulletin généalogique d'information du centre généalogique de Paris (1956-1968). There is a CD available from GeneaGuide.com, compiled by Philippe Houël de Chaulieu, which indexes these journals from 1956 to 2000. It too is a GeneaGuide.com partner.
I want to thank Peter de Loriol Chandieu for sending me a comprehensive list of French genealogy journals that he found in Héraldique et généalogie, no. 153 (October-December 1999): 305-317. There are obviously many more genealogy journal in France than I knew about from my own research.
Regroupement des anciennes familles
Web: http://www.anciennesfamilles.org
This is a website dedicated to the study of noble families of New France. It has lists of nobles and seigneurs as well as some very valuable heraldry and genealogy resouces on its Documents web page.
La Revue française de généalogie (1979-)
12, rue Raymond-Poincaré
55800 Revigny
FRANCE
Tel.: 03.29.70.56.33
Fax: 03.29.70.56.74
Willems, J. H., and Jean-Yves Conan. Armorial français; ou Repertoire alphabetique de tous les blasons et notices des familles nobles, patriciennes et bourgeoises de France. 17 vols. to date. Dison: G. Lelotte, 1964-.
I do not know if this semi-journal is still in print. The last issue I have seen was done in 1984. It is an interesting hodgepodge of facts and illustrations regarding the French nobility and heraldry.
Warning: All of the above works are helpful tools. However, it is absolutely essential that you track down original documents to back up any research you do. All of these works contain errors of transcription or omission. The grades I assigned to these works are subjective.
Please let me know if there are any works I have missed that you think should be added. Also please contact me should you notice any mistakes in spelling or grammar. At 45 I have not yet mastered some of the basic mechanics of writing in my native tongue. I make even more mistakes in French since I do not have a French web spell checker yet.
Thank you for visiting this page and I hope you find it helpful. | |||||||
5215 | dbpedia | 2 | 56 | https://www.manchesterhive.com/downloadpdf/9781526110510/9781526110510.00011.xml | en | Military occupation in French frontier strategy | [
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] | 2016-05-16T00:00:00 | This chapter deals with the way the military occupations developed, from conquest to ideas of possible annexation. It explores how they relate to French strategy for the north-eastern and south-eastern frontiers during Louis XIV's personal reign. If in the second half of Louis XIV's personal rule France maintained some control over Lorraine without too much difficulty, the picture was far messier when it came to the lands of the duke of Savoy. After Nijmegen, French frontier strategy, as directed by Louvois and Vauban, centred on the creation of the pre carre, a more defensible geometric frontier marked by a more linear fortress barrier. The great defences created by Louvois and Vauban on the Lorraine frontier comprised Phalsbourg, Longwy and Sarrelouis, strengthened by the acquisition of Strasbourg in 1681 and Luxembourg in 1684. | en | /fileasset/fileasset/Hexagon.png | manchesterhive | https://www.manchesterhive.com/display/9781526110510/9781526110510.00011.xml | You are not authenticated to view the full text of this chapter or article.
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Marc-Antoine Charpentier enters law school, October 1662
Thanks to historian Joseph Bergin, we now know that, for a very short while, Marc-Antoine Charpentier had enrolled for a training in the law, perhaps for a career on the margins of the Parlement or the Châtelet, or perhaps in the Church where canon law was a key to advancement.
The inscription in the Law Faculty register
On October 24, 1662, Charpentier wrote out the following statement in the inscription register of the Paris Law Faculty, la Faculté de Droit (AN, MM 1059, p. 11). He apparently was so nervous that he misspelled his name: Anthonicus -- which he then corrected, trying not to call attention to the mistake by crossing something out. The result was closer to Anthoniust than to Anthonius.
Ego Marcus Anthonius Charpentier cÅpi excipere scripta et lectiones DD Phylippi de Buzines et Joannes Doujat cæleb. anteces. die 24 oct. an 1662
M A Charpentier Pari.
That is to say:
"I, Marc Anthoine Charpentier undertake to receive writing and reading [in law] from Dom Philippe de Buzines and Dom Jean Doujat, celebrated professors [caelebrium antecessorum], on the 24th day of October of the year 1662.
M. A. Charpentier, Parisian"
These twenty-seven words teach us so much!
Thanks to this document we can infer that:
--- on the eve of his nineteenth year, Marc-Antoine Charpentier, who would become an acknowledged master at setting Latin devotional texts to music (http://www.cmbv.com/fr/edit/livres/cmbv-hc2.htm), was conversant in Latin and knew at least a modicum of Greek;
--- he had completed the cursus in one of the Parisian collèges and had been awarded the degree of maître ès arts;
--- the Talon-Voisin family, who had attended the wedding of Marc-Antoine's sister only a few months earlier, was watching over Marc-Antoine;
--- Marc-Antoine may have entered into contact with Armand-Jean de Riants as early as 1662; and
--- Marc-Antoine reveals some of his career aspirations as he began his twentieth year.
Let us look more closely at the information provided by this document.
Marc-Antoine Charpentier's education
The statutes of the Faculté de Droit stipulated that students "ne peuvent commencer l'étude de Droit qu'après la maîtrise-ès-arts, c'est-à -dire après avoir acquis les connaissances philosophiques et des éléments de la langue grecque et latine." (Marie-Antoinette Lemasne-Desjobert, La Faculté de Droit de Paris aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, Paris: Cujas, 1966, p. 74.)
To earn a maîtrise, the student had to complete some ten years of study in a collège and then pass an examination by which the University of Paris validated his accomplishments. (Students who had spent less than ten years in formal studies were sometimes permitted to take this examination.)
From the very first, a student at a collège was taught in Latin, spoke in Latin, wrote in Latin; he committed to memory a host of "commonplaces," lieux communs, and he then declaimed them in class. In other words, by the time he was eighteen, Marc-Antoine Charpentier had not only studied the classics, he had also acquired considerable proficiency in Latin grammar and had learned to declaim the language according to the rhetorical practices of his day.
Several Parisian collèges provided this sort of education and were preferred by parents who were planning a legal career for their child, as were either Marc-Antoine's late parents or the guardian appointed by the officials at the Châtelet. There were the Oratorian schools (especially the collège of Juilly, located just to the west of today's Charles de Gaulle Airport); the collèges run by the Doctrinaires (but these schools were primarily located in the South); and the Jesuit Collège de Clermont in Paris, renowned for its pedagogy. The course of study known as the modo parisiensis, which was observed in the collèges of the University of Paris, was adhered to by these schools administered by religious orders. (Roland Mousnier, Les Institutions de de France sous la Monarchie absolue, Paris: PUF, 1974, vol. 1, p. 552.)
There were certain tacit prerequisites for admission to a law school. Law students must have "natural intelligence and disposition, must have received instruction from childhood on, must have a correct knowledge of the law, must work tirelessly, must spend the appropriate amount of time on their studies, ... and must have a place to study that is convenient and favorable to working." (Lemasne-Desjobert, p. 79.) Should we assume that Marc-Antoine Charpentier met all these requirements -- and that a quiet corner for studying was made available to the him somewhere, perhaps in his linener sister's left-bank lodgings?
(The education typically acquired in a collège and at the law faculty is summarized on a separate page of this site: the college and the law school)
Yet another link to the Talon family
In October 1662, only two months after Ãlisabeth Charpentier signed her wedding contract in the presence of Dame Marie Talon, Marc-Antoine became a student of Marie's maternal cousin, Jean Doujat, a professor of canon law at the Collège Royal (today's Collège de France). Profoundly upset by the moribund situation at the law faculty, where Philippe de Busine was the sole teacher in the Ãcoles du décret -- that is, the only professor who directed the "readings" from the Decretals that were an essential part of the curriculum (Lemasne-Desjobert, p.59). Busine was determined to remain unique, the better to pocket all inscription fees for himself.
After a struggle pitting the Parlement against Busine, Jean Doujat was named to the faculty by the Parlement in 1655. Himself a judge in the Parlement and a member of the French Academy, Doujat soon became one of the central figures at the law school and did much to give the establishment renewed vigor. (Lemasne-Desjobert, pp. 17, 45-46, 58, 61, 87, 89ff.; and Dictionnaire de biographie française, "Doujat.")
When Marc-Antoine Charpentier began his studies in the fall of 1662, Jean Doujat was teaching canon law, that is, the Decretals, the papal decrees. Author of a Spanish grammar, a method for learning foreign languages, a Latin treatise on Christian marriage, and a variety of Latin "oratii," Doujat had been selected to fulfill a clause in the will of Jean d'Artis, his late predecessor (and supporter in the nomination struggle.) D'Artis had bequeathed 1,000 livres to cover the costs of a folio edition of his writings on canon law. (The volume was published in 1656.) When Charpentier signed up to study with Doujat, the latter was doubtlessly at work on the two-volume study of French canon law that would be published in 1671.
(Another clause in d'Artis' will is of particular interest. He provided money for scholarships to poor law students. Here is some evidence that, after 1651, a fund existed so that regents could award scholarships to needy young men.)
Celibacy was an issue in the appointment of a professor. That is, Doujat's predecessor, Jean d'Artis, had long argued that the only way to reverse the decline at the law school was to select unmarried men as regent-antecessors. Thus, "pour affirmer une dernière fois ses convictions de célibataire, d'Artis rendit dans ce testament le mariage des régents responsable de la décadence des études à la faculté de droit canon, et il voulut exclure de son legs les régents mariés ou même qui se marieraient après l'expiration de leurs fonctions." (Dictionnaire de biographie française, "Artis").
Therefore when Doujat was nominated to succeed d'Artis in 1651, one of the principal points in his favor had been the fact that "being unmarried, Doujat would occupy one of the chairs with great dignity," Doujat n'étant pas marié, remplirait très dignement une des chaires (Lemasne-Desjobart, p. 59).
Doujat was also the scindic of the faculty -- which now totaled six "regents," plus an undetermined number of agrégés appointed by the Parlement of Paris to ensure a more comprehensive course of study. As scindic, Doujat verified the accuracy of the record books, to ensure that the candidates for exams had completed the requirements; he signed all theses, having first verified that there were no errors or faulty principles; he also took minutes of faculty meetings. (Lemasne-Desjobert, pp. 21-22, 38-39; see also the article on Doujat at Wikipedia.fr.) Voltaire suggests that Doujat eventually married and fathered children (Le Siècle de Louis XIV : Catalogue de la plupart des écrivains français qui ont paru dans le Siècle de Louis XIV, pour servir à lâhistoire littéraire de ce temps, 1751).
How was Jean Doujat related to Marie Talon?
In the mid-sixteenth century a certain Louis Doujat had left Toulouse to establish himself in Parisian legal circles. One of his sons remained in Toulouse, where he was a councillor in the Parlement of Toulouse. Another son, Jean Doujat, joined his father in Paris and served as avocat général to Catherine de Médicis. The granddaughter of this Jean Doujat, Françoise Doujat, would marry Omer Talon, the renowned avocat général in the Parlement of Paris. By 1662 their daughter, Marie Talon, would befriend Marc-Antoine Charpentier's sister Ãlisabeth.
Meanwhile, the Toulouse branch of the family had produced the Jean Doujat with whom Marc-Antoine would study in 1662. This particular Jean Doujat -- like Françoise Doujat-Talon -- was the great-grandchild of the Louis Doujat who had gone to Paris in the mid-sixteenth century. In other words, Françoise Doujat-Talon and Professor Jean Doujat were cousins issus de germains, blood relatives in the "third-degree"; and Marie Talon was Jean's blood relative to the "fourth degree." (BnF, ms. Dossiers bleus, 241, "Doujat," no. 6214, fol. 11; and Louis Moreri, Grand dictionnaire, ed. of 1745, "Doujat, Jean.")
Marie Talon was the wife of Daniel Voisin (Patricia Ranum, Portraits around Marc-Antoine Charpentier, Baltimore, 2004, pp. 95-98). Daniel's brother was a Jesuit, having followed the path taken earlier by his maternal uncle, Pierre de Verthamon, one of the leading Jesuits in France. There presumably is a cause and effect between these two Jesuits and the gratitude later expressed by Marc-Antoine Charpentier's sister, Ãtiennette, for the instruction she had received as a child from the Jesuits at the Noviciate. I have hypothesized elsewhere that, thanks to Father Verthamon's protection, Marc-Antoine Charpentier may well have been educated at the Jesuit Collège de Clermont, as what we today would call a "scholarship student." Whatever the merits of that hypothesis, in 1662, at this crucial moment in Marc-Antoine's education, we encounter Jean Doujat, a member of the Talon-Voisin-Verthamon clan.
The fees imposed by the law faculty could mount quickly: 25 livres for an inscription, 16 livres for an examination, 15 livres for defending a thesis, and 150 livres for a doctorande (Lemasne-Desjobert, pp. 22-23). Since orphaned Marc-Antoine had inherited only a few hundred livres from his father, the cost of a law-school education would have had to be paid by his guardian or by well-to-do family friends. The only other option was to get one or both professors to renounce some or all of the fees due, or to convert someone's bequest into a scholarship. (The testament of d'Artis, 1651, immediately comes to mind.) We can, of course, merely hypothesize about the financial arrangements surrounding Marc-Antoine Charpentier's matriculation at the law faculty, but it seems likely that his guardian was consulting Marie Talon, and that a financial arrangement had been worked out so that this talented, but nearly penniless youth could continue his studies.
Armand-Jean de Riants
We cannot be sure whether, in October 1662, Armand-Jean de Riants was one of the agrégés who were being imposed upon stubborn Philippe de Busines by the Parlement and the royal administration. That Lemasne-Desjobert's study does not mention Riants' name, is no proof that he was not involved at the law faculty in 1662. These aggrégés where not faculty members, they were adjuncts who taught a specialization sporadically and for short periods of time. (For Riants, see Ranum, Portraits, pp. 262-267.)
On the other hand, we know that in January 1664 Riants went through the inscription register for the Faculty that bears Marc-Antoine Charpentier's inscription. He marked large X's through the blank columns so that names could not be entered fraudently, and on the first page of the register he noted that these modifications had been made by "me, Armand Jean de Rians Villeray, doctor of canon law agrégé." With a colleague named Louis Laurens, Riants added a similar statement at the bottom of each page for the period 1662-1664, and each time he signed his name.
In other words, there is a strong possibility that Armand-Jean de Riants was a parlement-appointed agrégé at the law faculty as early as 1662, and that there he crossed paths with Marc-Antoine Charpentier. Or did Riants already know the Charpentier family through the Châtelet? Was he the godfather of Marc-Antoine's younger brother, Armand-Jean Charpentier?
Marc-Antoine's statement in the register
That October day in 1662, Marc-Antoine Charpentier did not simply copy out and sign a routine, formulaic statement provided by the law faculty. He clearly drew it up himself, for into it he wove some expressions rarely found in his classmates' statements.
For example, Marc-Antoine's use of scripta is very unusual: most students simply refer to the texts, lectiones, that their professor would be reading aloud and commenting upon. A noteworthy exception is a student-priest who stated that he was going to "write and listen to the readings by Dom Philippe de Busine," scribere et audire lectiones D. Ph. de Busine (MM 1059, p. 13). Does this allusion to "writing" mean that friends of the Charpentier family were giving Marc-Antoine reason to hope that he would one day not only "read" and interpret the law, but play a role in actually writing it in a more professional legal capacity?
Another intriguing word is woven into Marc-Antoine's statement: unlike his classmates, he emphasizes that both Busine and Doujat were "celebrated." (Influenced by the argument about celibacy, I initially read "cæleb" as an abbreviation for "celibate," rather than "celebrated," which it clearly is. I thank my Latinist reader for setting me straight!) His motivations for paying this unexpected compliment can only be guessed.
That October day in 1662, when Marc-Antoine Charpentier signed the register, several dozen young men wrote out similar statements of intention and signed their names. Some of them stated that they had earned a baccalauréat, that is, had completed their first year of study and had passed a one-hour exam on Justinian's Institutes. That Marc-Antoine did not use this title suggests that he was a first-year student.
Not every student signed up to study with the same pair of professors. It is not clear how much choice Marc-Antoine had, in becoming Doujat's student, rather than Hallé's or Cottin's or Le Blanc's or Deloy's. But in so doing, he was putting himself under the wing of one of the most respected scholars of canon law in the realm. Canon law -- that branch of law that, as Joseph Bergin points out, provided a key to open the doors to a career in the Church (see my Musing on the college and the law school. As for Busines, he might be described as an illustre inconnu, that is, his name crops up in sources but he left no imprint upon history: for example, the Dictionnaire de biographie française does not devote so much as a paragraph to him, and no published works (if they existed) found their way into the catalogue of the Bibliothèque nationale de France.
The course of study on which Marc-Antoine was embarking would last three years (Lemasne-Desjobart, pp. 66, 119). Every trimester -- that is, in late October, early January, and early June -- the students renewed their commitment and named the professors with whom they would be studying. Thumbing through this register, one can pick out students who return from trimester to trimester. For example, Nicolas Rousseau, who inscribed his name just after Marc-Antoine's in October 1662, returned in January 1663, as did Patrick Kearny, the Irishman from the diocese of Cloyne in County Cork, who signed immediately after Rousseau in October 1662.
The inevitable attrition also can be noted. In fact, Marc-Antoine Charpentier was among the drop-outs. When January 1663 rolled around, he did not sign the register, and his name does not reappear. Did he drop out because he had done so poorly that his name had been entered in the register of the refusés (since lost)? Did he rebel against the career plans that had been worked out for him? Or, circa January 1663, did a different career opportunity open to him?
So many questions that cannot be answered! | |||||||||
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5215 | dbpedia | 2 | 83 | https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/3844.html.images | en | The Project Gutenberg eBook of Memoirs of Jean François Paul de Gondi, Cardinal de Retz — Volume 3, by Jean François Paul de Gondi de Retz | [] | [] | [] | [
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] | null | [] | 2004-12-02T00:00:00 | en | https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/3844/pg3844-images.html | The Project Gutenberg eBook of Memoirs of Jean François Paul de Gondi, Cardinal de Retz — Volume 3
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.
Title: Memoirs of Jean François Paul de Gondi, Cardinal de Retz — Volume 3
Author: Jean François Paul de Gondi de Retz
Release date: December 2, 2004 [eBook #3844]
Most recently updated: January 9, 2021
Language: English
Credits: Produced by David Widger
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MEMOIRS OF JEAN FRANÇOIS PAUL DE GONDI, CARDINAL DE RETZ — VOLUME 3 ***
Produced by David Widger
MEMOIRS OF JEAN FRANCOIS PAUL de GONDI,
CARDINAL DE RETZ
Written by Himself
Being Historic Court Memoirs of the Great Events during the Minority of Louis XIV. and the Administration of Cardinal Mazarin.
BOOK III.
MADAME:—Cardinal Mazarin thought of nothing else now but how to rid himself of the obligations he lay under to the Prince de Conde, who had actually saved him from the gallows. And his principal view was an alliance with the House of Vendome, who had on some occasions opposed the interest of the family of Conde.
In Paris the people libelled not only the Cardinal, but the Queen. Indeed it was not our interest to discourage libels and ballads against the Cardinal, but it concerned us to suppress such as were levelled against the Queen and Government. It is not to be imagined what uneasiness the wrath of the people gave us upon that head. Two criminals, one of whom was a printer, being condemned to be hanged for publishing some things fit to be burnt and for libelling the Queen, cried out, when they were upon the scaffold, that they were to be put to death for publishing verses against Mazarin, upon which the people rescued them from justice.
On the other hand, some gay young gentlemen of the Court, who were in Mazarin's interest, had a mind to make his name familiar to the Parisians, and for that end made a famous display in the public walks of the Tuileries, where they had grand suppers, with music, and drank the Cardinal's health publicly. We took little notice of this, till they boasted at Saint Germain that the Frondeurs were glad to give them the wall. And then we thought it high time to correct them, lest the common people should think they did it by authority. For this end M. de Beaufort and a hundred other gentlemen went one night to the house where they supped, overturned the table, and broke the musicians' violins over their heads.
Being informed that the Prince de Conde intended to oblige the King to return to Paris, I was resolved to have all the merit of an action which would be so acceptable to the citizens. I therefore resolved to go to the Court at Compiegne, which my friends very much opposed, for fear of the danger to which I might be exposed, but I told them that what is absolutely necessary is not dangerous.
I went accordingly, and as I was going up-stairs to the Queen's apartments, a man, whom I never saw before or since, put a note into my hand with these words: "If you enter the King's domicile, you are a dead man." But I was in already, and it was too late to go back. Being past the guard-chamber, I thought myself secure. I told the Queen that I was come to assure her Majesty of my most humble obedience, and of the disposition of the Church of Paris to perform all the services it owed to their Majesties. The Queen seemed highly pleased, and was very kind to me; but when we mentioned the Cardinal, though she urged me to it, I excused myself from going to see him, assuring her Majesty that such a visit would put it out of my power to do her service. It was impossible for her to contain herself any longer; she blushed, and it was with much restraint that she forbore using harsh language, as she herself confessed afterwards.
Servien said one day that there was a design to assassinate me at his table by the Abbe Fouquet; and M. de Vendome, who had just come from his table, pressed me to be gone, saying that there were wicked designs hatching against me.
I returned to Paris, having accomplished everything I wanted, for I had removed the suspicion of the Court that the Frondeurs were against the King's return. I threw upon the Cardinal all the odium attending his Majesty's delay. I braved Mazarin, as it were, upon his throne, and secured to myself the chief honour of the King's return.
The Court was received at Paris as kings always were and ever will be, namely, with acclamations, which only please such as like to be flattered. A group of old women were posted at the entrance of the suburbs to cry out, "God save his Eminence!" who sat in the King's coach and thought himself Lord of Paris; but at the end of three or four days he found himself much mistaken. Ballads and libels still flew about. The Frondeurs appeared bolder than ever. M. de Beaufort and I rode sometimes alone, with one lackey only behind our coach, and at other times we went with a retinue of fifty men in livery and a hundred gentlemen. We diversified the scene as we thought it would be most acceptable to the spectators. The Court party, who blamed us from morning to night, nevertheless imitated us in their way. Everybody took an advantage of the Ministry from our continual pelting of his Eminence. The Prince, who always made too much or too little of the Cardinal, continued to treat him with contempt; and, being disgusted at being refused the post of Superintendent of the Seas, the Cardinal endeavoured to soothe him with the vain hopes of other advantages.
The Prince, being one day at Court, and seeing the Cardinal give himself extraordinary airs, said, as he was going out of the Queen's cabinet, "Adieu, Mars." This was told all over the city in a quarter of an hour. I and Noirmoutier went by appointment to his house at four o'clock in the morning, when he seemed to be greatly troubled. He said that he could not determine to begin a civil war, which, though the only means to separate the Queen from the Cardinal, to whom she was so strongly attached, yet it was both against his conscience and honour. He added that he should never forget his obligations to us, and that if he should come to any terms with the Court, he would, if we thought proper, settle our affairs also, and that if we had not a mind to be reconciled to the Court, he would, in case it did attack us, publicly undertake our protection. We answered that we had no other design in our proposals than the honour of being his humble servants, and that we should be very sorry if he had retarded his reconciliation with the Queen upon our account, praying that we might be permitted to continue in the same disposition towards the Cardinal as we were then, which we declared should not hinder us from paying all the respect and duty which we professed for his Highness.
I must not forget to acquaint you that Madame de Guemenee, who ran away from Paris in a fright the moment it was besieged, no sooner heard that I had paid a visit to Mademoiselle de Chevreuse than she returned to town in a rage. I was in such a passion with her for having cowardly deserted me that I took her by the throat, and she was so enraged at my familiarity with Mademoiselle de Chevreuse that she threw a candlestick at my head, but in a quarter of an hour we were very good friends.
The Prince de Conde was no sooner reconciled with the Court than he was publicly reproached in the city for breaking his word with the Frondeurs; but I convinced him that he could not think such treatment strange in a city so justly exasperated against Mazarin, and that, nevertheless, he might depend on my best services, for which he assured me of his constant friendship.
Moissans, now Marechal d'Albret, who was at the head of the King's gendarmes, accustomed himself and others to threaten the chief minister, who augmented the public odium against himself by reestablishing Emeri, a man detested by all the kingdom. We were not a little alarmed at his reestablishment, because this man, who knew Paris better than the Cardinal, distributed money among the people to a very good purpose. This is a singular science, which is either very beneficial or hurtful in its consequences, according to the wisdom or folly of the distributor.
These donations, laid out with discretion and secrecy, obliged us to yield ourselves more and more unto the bulk of the people, and, finding a fit opportunity for this performance, we took care not to let it slip, which, if they had been ruled by me, we should not have done so soon, for we were not yet forced to make use of such expedients. It is not safe in a faction where you are only upon the defensive to do what you are not pressed to do, but the uneasiness of the subalterns on such occasions is troublesome, because they believe that as soon as you seem to be inactive all is lost. I preached every day that the way was yet rough, and therefore must be made plain, and that patience in the present case was productive of greater effects than activity; but nobody comprehended the truth of what I said.
An unlucky expression, dropped on this occasion by the Princesse de Guemenee, had an incredible influence upon the people. She called to mind a ballad formerly made upon the regiment of Brulon, which was said to consist of only two dragoons and four drummers, and, inasmuch as she hated the Fronde, she told me very pleasantly that our party, being reduced to fourteen, might be justly compared to that regiment of Brulon. Noirmoutier and Laigues were offended at this expression to that degree that they continually murmured because I neither settled affairs nor pushed them to the last extremity. Upon which I observed that heads of factions are no longer their masters when they are unable either to prevent or allay the murmurs of the people.
The revenues of the Hotel de Ville, which are, as it were, the patrimony of the bourgeois, and which, if well managed, might be of special service to the King in securing to his interest an infinite number of those people who are always the most formidable in revolutions—this sacred fund, I say, suffered much by the licentiousness of the times, the ignorance of Mazarin, and the prevarication of the officers of the Hotel de Ville, who were his dependents, so that the poor annuitants met in great numbers at the Hotel de Ville; but as such assemblies without the Prince's authority are reckoned illegal, the Parliament passed a decree to suppress them. They were privately countenanced by M. de Beaufort and me, to whom they sent a solemn deputation, and they made choice of twelve syndics to be a check upon the 'prevot des marchands'.
On the 11th of December a pistol, as had been concerted beforehand, was fired into the coach of Joly, one of the syndics, which President Charton, another of the syndics, thinking was aimed at himself, the Marquis de la Boulaie ran as if possessed with a devil, while the Parliament was sitting, into the middle of the Great Hall, with fifteen or twenty worthless fellows crying out "To Arms!" He did the like in the streets, but in vain, and came to Broussel and me; but the former reprimanded him after his way, and I threatened to throw him out at the window, for I had reason to believe that he acted in concert with the Cardinal, though he pretended to be a Frondeur.
This artifice of Servien united the Prince to the Cardinal, because he found himself obliged to defend himself against the Frondeurs, who, as he believed, sought to assassinate him. All those that were his own creatures thought they were not zealous enough for his service if they did not exaggerate the imminent danger he had escaped, and the Court parasites confounded the morning adventure with that at night; and upon this coarse canvas they daubed all that the basest flattery, blackest imposture, and the most ridiculous credulity was capable of imagining; and we were informed the next morning that it was the common rumour over all the city that we had formed a design of seizing the King's person and carrying him to the Hotel de Ville, and to assassinate the Prince.
M. de Beaufort and I agreed to go out and show ourselves to the people, whom we found in such a consternation that I believed the Court might then have attacked us with success. Madame de Montbazon advised us to take post-horses and ride off, saying that there was nothing more easy than to destroy us, because we had put ourselves into the hands of our sworn enemies. I said that we had better hazard our lives than our honour. To which she replied, "It is not that, but your nymphs, I believe, which keep you here" (meaning Mesdames de Chevreuse and Guemenee). "I expect," she said, "to be befriended for my own sake, and don't I deserve it? I cannot conceive how you can be amused by a wicked old hag and a girl, if possible, still more foolish. We are continually disputing about that silly wretch" (pointing to M. de Beaufort, who was playing chess); "let us take him with us and go to Peronne."
You are not to wonder that she talked thus contemptibly of M. de Beaufort, whom she always taxed with impotency, for it is certain that his love was purely Platonic, as he never asked any favour of her, and seemed very uneasy with her for eating flesh on Fridays. She was so sweet upon me, and withal such a charming beauty, that, being naturally indisposed to let such opportunities slip, I was melted into tenderness for her, notwithstanding my suspicions of her, considering the then situation of affairs, and would have had her go with me into the cabinet, but she was determined first to go to Peronne, which put an end to our amours.
Beaufort waited on the Prince and was well received, but I could not gain admittance.
On the 14th the Prince de Conde went to Parliament and demanded that a committee might be appointed to inquire into the attempt made on his life.
The Frondeurs were not asleep in the meantime, yet most of our friends were dispirited, and all very weak.
The cures of Paris were my most hearty friends; they laboured with incredible zeal among the people. And the cure of Saint Gervais sent me this message: "Do but rally again and get off the assassination, and in a week you will be stronger than your enemies."
I was informed that the Queen had written to my uncle, the Archbishop of Paris, to be sure to go to the Parliament on the 23d, the day that Beaufort, Broussel, and I were to be impeached, because I had no right to sit in the House if he were present. I begged of him not to go, but my uncle being a man of little sense, and that much out of order, and being, moreover, fearful and ridiculously jealous of me, had promised the Queen to go; and all that we could get out of him was that he would defend me in Parliament better than I could defend myself. It is to be observed that though he chattered to us like a magpie in private, yet in public he was as mute as a fish. A surgeon who was in the Archbishop's service, going to visit him, commended him for his courage in resisting the importunities of his nephew, who, said he, had a mind to bury him alive, and encouraged him to rise with all haste and go to the Parliament House; but he was no sooner out of his bed than the surgeon asked him in a fright how he felt. "Very well," said my Lord. "But that is impossible," said the surgeon; "you look like death," and feeling his pulse, he told him he was in a high fever; upon which my Lord Archbishop went to bed again, and all the kings and queens in Christendom could not get him out for a fortnight.
We went to the Parliament, and found there the Princes with nearly a thousand gentlemen and, I may say, the whole Court. I had few salutes in the Hall, because it was generally thought I was an undone man. When I had entered the Great Chamber I heard a hum like that at the end of a pleasing period in a sermon. When I had taken my place I said that, hearing we were taxed with a seditious conspiracy, we were come to offer our heads to the Parliament if guilty, and if innocent, to demand justice upon our accusers; and that though I knew not what right the Court had to call me to account, yet I would renounce all privileges to make my innocence apparent to a body for whom I always had the greatest attachment and veneration.
Then the informations were read against what they called "the public conspiracy from which it had pleased Almighty God to deliver the State and the royal family," after which I made a speech, in substance as follows:
"I do not believe, gentlemen, that in any of the past ages persons of our quality had ever received any personal summons grounded merely upon hearsay. Neither can I think that posterity will ever believe that this hearsay evidence was admitted from the mouths of the most infamous miscreants that ever got out of a gaol. Canto was condemned to the gallows at Pau, Pichon to the wheel at Mans, Sociande is a rogue upon record. Pray, gentlemen, judge of their evidence by their character and profession. But this is not all. They have the distinguishing character of being informers by authority. I am sorely grieved that the defence of our honour, which is enjoined us by the laws of God and man, should oblige me to expose to light, under the most innocent of Kings, such abominations as were detested in the most corrupt ages of antiquity and under the worst of tyrants. But I must tell you that Canto, Sociande, and Gorgibus are authorised to inform against us by a commission signed by that august name which should never be employed but for the preservation of the most sacred laws, and which Cardinal Mazarin, who knows no law but that of revenge, which he meditates against the defenders of the public liberty, has forced M. Tellier, Secretary of State, to countersign.
"We demand justice, gentlemen, but we do not demand it of you till we have first most humbly implored this House to execute the strictest justice that the laws have provided against rebels, if it appears that we have been concerned directly or indirectly in raising this last disturbance. Is it possible, gentlemen, that a grandchild of Henri the Great, that a senator of M. Broussel's age and probity, and that the Coadjutor of Paris should be so much as suspected of being concerned in a sedition raised by a hot-brained fool, at the head of fifteen of the vilest of the mob? I am fully persuaded it would be scandalous for me to insist longer on this subject. This is all I know, gentlemen, of the modern conspiracy."
The applause that came from the Court of Inquiry was deafening; many voices were heard exclaiming against spies and informers. Honest Doujat, who was one of the persons appointed by the Attorney-General Talon, his kinsman, to make the report, and who had acquainted me with the facts, acknowledged it publicly by pretending to make the thing appear less odious. He got up, therefore, as if he were in a passion, and spoke very artfully to this purpose:
"These witnesses, monsieur, are not to accuse you, as you are pleased to say, but only to discover what passed in the meeting of the annuitants at the Hotel de Ville. If the King did not promise impunity to such as will give him information necessary for his service, and which sometimes cannot be come at without involving evidence in a crime, how should the King be informed at all? There is a great deal of difference between patents of this nature and commissions granted on purpose to accuse you."
You might have seen fire in 'the face of every member. The First President called out "Order!" and said, "MM. de Beaufort, le Coadjuteur, and Broussel, you are accused, and you must withdraw."
As Beaufort and I were leaving our seats, Broussel stopped us, saying, "Neither you, gentlemen, nor I are bound to depart till we are ordered to do so by the Court. The First President, whom all the world knows to be our adversary, should go out if we must."
I added, "And M. le Prince," who thereupon said, with a scornful air:
"What, I? Must I retire?"
"Yes, yes, monsieur," said I, "justice is no respecter of persons."
The President de Mesmes said, "No, monseigneur, you must not go out unless the Court orders you. If the Coadjutor insists that your Highness retire, he must demand it by a petition. As for himself, he is accused, and therefore must go out; but, seeing he raises difficulties and objections to the contrary, we must put it to the vote." And it was passed that we should withdraw.
Meanwhile, most of the members passed encomiums upon us, satires upon the Ministry, and anathemas upon the witnesses for the Crown. Nor were the cures and the parishioners wanting in their duty on this occasion. The people came in shoals from all parts of Paris to the Parliament House. Nevertheless, no disrespect was shown either to the King's brother or to M. le Prince; only some in their presence cried out, "God bless M. de Beaufort! God bless the Coadjutor!"
M. de Beaufort told the First President next day that, the State and royal family being in danger, every moment was precious, and that the offenders ought to receive condign punishment, and that therefore the Chambers ought to be assembled without loss of time. Broussel attacked the First President with a great deal of warmth. Eight or ten councillors entered immediately into the Great Chamber to testify their astonishment at the indolence and indifference of the House after such a furious conspiracy, and that so little zeal was shown to prosecute the criminals. MM. de Bignon and Talon, counsel for the Crown, alarmed the people by declaring that as for themselves they had no hand in the conclusions, which were ridiculous. The First President returned very calm answers, knowing well that we should have been glad to have put him into a passion in order to catch at some expression that might bear an exception in law.
On Christmas Day I preached such a sermon on Christian charity, without mentioning the present affairs, that the women even wept for the unjust persecution of an archbishop who had so great a tenderness for his very enemies.
On the 29th M. de Beaufort and I went to the Parliament House, accompanied by a body of three hundred gentlemen, to make it appear that we were more than tribunes of the people, and to screen ourselves from the insults of the Court party. We posted ourselves in the Fourth Chamber of the Inquests, among the courtiers, with whom we conversed very frankly, yet upon the least noise, when the debates ran high in the Great Chamber, we were ready to cut one another's throats eight or ten times every morning. We were all distrustful of one another, and I may venture to say there were not twenty persons in the House but were armed with daggers. As for myself, I had resolved to take none of those weapons inconsistent with my character, till one day, when it was expected the House would be more excited than usual, and then M. de Beaufort, seeing one end of the weapon peeping out of my pocket, exposed it to M. le Prince's captain of the guards and others, saying, "See, gentlemen, the Coadjutor's prayer-book." I understood the jest, but really I could not well digest it. We petitioned the Parliament that the First President, being our sworn enemy, might be expelled the House, but it was put to the vote and carried by a majority of thirty-six that he should retain his station of judge.
Paris narrowly escaped a commotion at the time of the imprisonment of Belot, one of the syndics of the Hotel de Ville annuitants, who, being arrested without a decree, President de la Grange made it appear that there was nothing more contrary to the declaration for which they had formerly so exerted themselves. The First President maintaining the legality of his imprisonment, Daurat, a councillor of the Third Chamber, told him that he was amazed that a gentleman who was so lately near being expelled could be so resolute in violating the laws so flagrantly. Whereupon the First President rose in a passion, saying that there was neither order nor discipline in the House, and that he would resign his place to another for whom they had more respect. This motion put the Great Chamber all in a ferment, which was felt in the Fourth, where the gentlemen of both parties hastened to support their respective sides, and if the most insignificant lackey had then but drawn a sword, Paris would have been all in an uproar.
We solicited very earnestly for our trial, which they delayed as much as it was in their power, because they could not choose but acquit us and condemn the Crown witnesses. Various were the pretences for putting it off, and though the informations were not of sufficient weight to hang a dog, yet they were read over and over at every turn to prolong the time.
The public began to be persuaded of our innocence, as also the Prince de Conde, and M. de Bouillon told me that he very much suspected it to be a trick of the Cardinal's.
On the 1st of January, 1650, Madame de Chevreuse, having a mind to visit the Queen, with whom she had carried on in all her disgrace an unaccountable correspondence, went to the King's Palace. The Cardinal, taking her aside in the Queen's little cabinet, said to her:
"You love the Queen. Is it not possible for you to make your friends love her?"
"How can that be?" said she; "the Queen is no more a Queen, but a humble servant to M. le Prince."
"Good God!" replied the Cardinal; "we might do great things if we could get some men into our interest. But M. de Beaufort is at the service of Madame de Montbazon, and she is devoted to Vigneul and the Coadjutor;" at the mention of which he smiled. "I take you, monsieur," said Madame de Chevreuse; "I will answer for him and for her."
Thus the conversation began, and the Cardinal making a sign to the Queen, Madame de Chevreuse had a long conference that night with her Majesty, who gave her this billet for me, written and signed with her own hand:
Notwithstanding what has passed and what is now doing, I cannot but persuade myself that M. le Coadjuteur is in my interest. I desire to see him, and that nobody may know it but Madame and Mademoiselle de Chevreuse. This name shall be your security. ANNE.
Being convinced that the Queen was downright angry with the Prince de Conde on account of a rumour spread abroad that he had some intriguing gallantries with her Majesty, I weighed all circumstances and returned the answer to the Queen:
Never was there one moment of my life wherein I was not devoted to your Majesty. I am so far from consulting my own safety that I would gladly die for your service . . . I will go to any place your Majesty shall order me.
My answer, with the Queen's letter enclosed, was carried back by Madame de Chevreuse and well received. I went immediately to Court, and was taken up the back staircase by the Queen's train-bearer to the petit oratoire, where her Majesty was shut up all alone. She showed me as much kindness as she could, considering her hatred against M. le Prince and her friendship for the Cardinal, though the latter seemed the more to prevail, because in speaking of the civil wars and of the Cardinal's friendship for me she called him "the poor Cardinal" twenty times over. Half an hour after, the Cardinal came in, who begged the Queen to dispense with the respect he owed her Majesty while he embraced me in her presence. He was pleased to say he was very sorry that he could not give me that very moment his own cardinal's cap. He talked so much of favours, gratifications, and rewards that I was obliged to explain myself, knowing that nothing is more destructive of new reconciliations than a seeming unwillingness to be obliged to those to whom you are reconciled. I answered that the greatest recompense I could expect, though I had saved the Crown, was to have the honour of serving her Majesty, and I humbly prayed the Queen to give me no other recompense, that at least I might have the satisfaction to make her Majesty sensible that this was the only reward I valued.
The Cardinal desired the Queen to command me to accept of the nomination to the cardinalate, "which," said he, "La Riviere has snatched with insolence and acknowledged with treachery." I excused myself by saying that I had taken a resolution never to accept of the cardinalship by any means which seemed to have relation to the civil wars, to the end that I might convince the Queen that it was the most rigid necessity which had separated me from her service. I rejected upon the same account all the other advantageous propositions he made me, and, he still insisting that the Queen could do no less than confer upon me something that was very considerable for the signal service I was likely to do her Majesty, I answered:
"There is one point wherein the Queen can do me more good than if she gave me a triple crown. Her Majesty told me just now that she will cause M. le Prince to be apprehended. A person of his high rank and merit neither can nor ought to be always shut up in prison, for when he comes abroad he will be full of resentment against me, though I hope my dignity will be my protection. There are a great many gentlemen engaged with me who, in such a juncture, would be ready to serve the Queen. And if it seemed good to your Majesty to entrust one of them with some important employment, I should be more pleased than with ten cardinals' hats."
The Cardinal told the Queen that nothing was more just, and the affair should be considered between him and me.
We had several conferences, at which we agreed on gratifications for some of our friends and to arrest the Prince de Conde, the Prince de Conti, and the Duc de Longueville.
The Cardinal took occasion to speak of the treachery of La Riviere. "This man," said he, "takes me to be the most stupid creature living, and thinks he shall be to-morrow a cardinal. I diverted myself to-day with letting him try on some scarlet cloth I lately received from Italy, and I put it near his face to know whether a scarlet colour or carnation became him best."
I heard from Rome that his Eminence was not behindhand with La Riviere upon the score of treachery. For on the very day he got him nominated by the King, he wrote a letter to Cardinal Sachelli more fit to recommend him to a yellow cap than to a red one. This letter, nevertheless, was full of tenderness for La Riviere, which Mazarin knew was the only way to ruin him with Pope Innocent, who hated Mazarin and all his adherents.
Madame de Chevreuse undertook to see how the Duc d'Orleans would relish the design of imprisoning the Princes. She told him that, though the Queen was not satisfied with M. le Prince, yet she could not form a resolution of apprehending him without the concurrence of his Royal Highness. She magnified the advantages of bringing over to the King's service the powerful faction of the Fronde, and the daily dangers Paris was exposed to, both by fire and sword. This last reason touched him as much or more than all, for he trembled every time he came to the Parliament; M. le Prince very often could not prevail upon him to go at all, and a fit of colic was generally assigned as the reason of his absence. At length he consented, and on the 18th of January the three Princes were put under arrest by three officers of the Queen's Guards.
The people having a notion that M. de Beaufort was apprehended, ran to their arms, which I caused to be laid down immediately, by marching through the streets with flambeaux before me. M. de Beaufort did the like, and the night concluded with bonfires.
The Queen sent a letter from the King to the Parliament with the reasons, which were neither strong nor well set out, why the Prince de Conde was confined. However, we obtained a decree for our absolution.
The Princesses were ordered to retire to Chantilly. Madame de Longueville went towards Normandy, but found no sanctuary there, for the Parliament of Rouen sent her a message to desire her to depart from the city. The Duc de Richelieu would not receive her into Havre, and from there she retired to Dieppe.
M. de Bouillon, who after the peace was strongly attached to the Prince de Conde, went in great haste to Turenne; M. de Turenne got into Stenai; M. de La Rochefoucault, then Prince de Marsillac, returned home to Poitou; and Marechal de Breze, father-in-law to the Prince de Conde, went to Saumur.
There was a declaration published and registered in Parliament against them, whereby they were ordered to wait on the King within fifteen days, upon pain of being proceeded against as disturbers of the public peace and guilty of high treason.
The Court carried all before them. Madame de Longueville, upon the King going into Normandy, escaped by sea into Holland, whence she went afterwards to Arras, to try La Tour, one of her husband's pensioners, who offered her his person, but refused her the place. She repaired at last to Stenai, whither M. de Turenne went to meet her, with all the friends and servants of the confined Princes that he could muster. The King went from Normandy to Burgundy, and returned to Paris crowned with laurels of victory.
The Princess-dowager, who had been ordered to retire to Bourges, came with a petition to Parliament, praying for their protection to stay in Paris, and that she might have justice done her for the illegal confinement of the Princes her children. She fell at the feet of the Duc d'Orleans, begged the protection of the Duc de Beaufort, and said to me that she had the honour to be my kinswoman. M. de Beaufort was very much perplexed what to do, and I was nearly ready to die for shame; but we could do nothing for her, and she was obliged to go to Valery.
Several private annuitants, who had made a noise in the assemblies at the Hotel de Ville, were afraid of being called to account, and therefore, after M. le Prince was arrested, they desired me to procure a general amnesty. I spoke about it to the Cardinal, who seemed very pliable, and, showing me his hatband, which was 'a la mode de la Fronde', said he hoped himself to be comprised in that amnesty; but he shuffled it off so long that it was not published and registered in Parliament till the 12th of May, and it would not have been obtained then had not I threatened vigorously to prosecute the Crown witnesses, of which they were mightily apprehensive, being so conscious of the heinousness of their crime that two of them had already made their escape.
The present calm hardly deserved that name, for the storm of war began to rise again in several places at once.
Madame de Longueville and M. de Turenne made a treaty with the Spaniards, and the latter joined their army, which entered Picardy and besieged Guise, after having taken Catelet; but for want of provisions the Archduke was obliged to raise the siege. M. de Turenne levied troops with Spanish money, and was joined by the greater part of the officers commanding the soldiers that went under the name of the Prince's troops.
The wretched conduct of M. d'Epernon had so confounded the affairs of
Guienne that nothing but his removal could retrieve them.
One of the greatest mischiefs which the despotic authority of ministers has occasioned in the world in these later times is a practice, occasioned by their own private mistaken interests, of always supporting superiors against their inferiors. It is a maxim borrowed from Machiavelli, whom few understand, and whom too many cry up for an able man because he was always wicked. He was very far from being a complete statesman, and was frequently out in his politics, but I think never more grossly mistaken than in this maxim, which I observed as a great weakness in Mazarin, who was therefore the less qualified to settle the affairs of Guienne, which were in so much confusion that I believe if the good sense of Jeannin and Villeroi had been infused into the brains of Cardinal de Richelieu, it would not have been sufficient to set them right.
Senneterre, perceiving that Cardinal Mazarin and I were not cordial friends, undertook to reconcile us, and for that end took me to the Cardinal, who embraced me very tenderly, said he laid his heart upon the table, that was one of his usual phrases,—and protested he would talk as freely to me as if I were his own son. I did not believe a word of what he said, but I assured his Eminence that I would speak to him as if he were my father, and I was as good as my word. I told him I had no personal interest in view but to disengage myself from the public disturbances without any private advantage, and that for the same reason I thought myself obliged to come off with reputation and honour. I desired him to consider that my age and want of skill in public affairs could not give him any jealousy that I aimed to be the First Minister. I conjured him to consider also that the influence I had over the people of Paris, supported by mere necessity, did rather reflect disgrace than honour upon my dignity, and that he ought to believe that this one reason was enough to make me impatient to be rid of all these public broils, besides a thousand other inconveniences arising every moment, which disgusted me with faction. And as for the dignity of cardinal, which might peradventure give him some umbrage, I could tell him very sincerely what had been and what was still my notion of this dignity, which I once foolishly imagined would be more honourable for me to despise than to enjoy. I mentioned this circumstance to let him see that in my tender years I was no admirer of the purple, and not very fond of it now, because I was persuaded that an Archbishop of Paris could hardly miss obtaining that dignity some time or other, according to form, by actions purely ecclesiastical; and that he should be loth to use any other means to procure it.
I said that I should be extremely sorry if my purple were stained with the least drop of blood spilt in the civil wars; that I was resolved to clear my hands of everything that savoured of intrigue before I would make or suffer any step which had any tendency that way; that he knew that for the same reason I would neither accept money nor abbeys, and that, consequently, I was engaged by the public declarations I had made upon all those heads to serve the Queen without any interest; that the only end I had in view, and in which I never wavered, was to come off with honour, so that I might resume the spiritual functions belonging to my profession with safety; that I desired nothing from him but the accomplishment of an affair which would be more for the King's service than for my particular interest; that he knew that the day after the arrest of the Prince he sent me with his promise to the annuitants of the Hotel de Ville, and that for want of performance those men were persuaded that I was in concert with the Court to deceive them. Lastly, I told him that the access I had to the Duc d'Orleans might perhaps give him umbrage, but I desired him to consider that I never sought that honour, and that I was very sensible of the inconveniences attending it. I enlarged upon this head, which is the most difficult point to be understood by Prime Ministers, who are so fond of being freely admitted into a Prince's presence that, notwithstanding all the experience in the world, they cannot help thinking that therein consists the essence of happiness.
When truth has come to a certain point, it darts such powerful rays of light as are irresistible, but I never knew a man who had so little regard for truth as Mazarin. He seemed, however, more regardful of it than usual, and I laid hold of the occasion to tell him of the dangerous consequences of the disturbances of Guienne, and that if he continued to support M. d'Epernon, the Prince's faction would not let this opportunity slip; that if the Parliament of Bordeaux should engage in their party, it would not be long before that of Paris would do the same; that, after the late conflagration in this metropolis, he could not suppose but that there was still some fire hidden under the ashes; and that the factious party had reason to fear the heavy punishment to which the whole body of them was liable, as we ourselves were two or three months ago. The Cardinal began to yield, especially when he was told that M. de Bouillon began to make a disturbance in the Limousin, where M. de La Rochefoucault had joined him with some troops.
To confirm our reconciliation, a marriage was proposed between my niece and his nephew, to which he, gave his consent; but I was much averse to it, being not yet resolved to bury my family in that of Mazarin, nor did I set so great a value on grandeur as to purchase it with the public odium. However, it produced no animosity on either side, and his friends knew that I should be very glad to be employed in making a general peace; they acted their parts so well that the Cardinal, whose love-fit for me lasted about a fortnight, promised me, as it were of his own accord, that I should be gratified.
News came about this time from Guienne that the Ducs de Bouillon and de La Rochefoucault had taken Madame la Princesse into Bordeaux, together with M. le Duc, her son. The Parliament was not displeased with the people for receiving into their city M. le Duc, yet they observed more decorum than could be expected from the inhabitants of Gascogne, so irritated as they were against M. d'Epernon. They ordered that Madame la Princesse, M. le Duc, MM. de Bouillon and de La Rochefoucault should have liberty to stay in Bordeaux, provided they would promise to undertake nothing against the King's service, and that the petition of Madame la Princesse should be sent to the King with a most humble remonstrance from the Parliament against the confinement of the Princes.
At the same time, one of the Presidents sent word to Senneterre that the Parliament was not so far enraged but that they would still remember their loyalty to the King, provided he did but remove M. d'Epernon. But in case of any further delay he would not answer for the Parliament, and much less for the people, who, being now managed and supported by the Prince's party, would in a little time make themselves masters of the Parliament. Senneterre did what he could to induce the Cardinal to make good use of this advice, and M. de Chateauneuf, who was now Chancellor, talked wonderfully well upon the point, but seeing the Cardinal gave no return to his reasons but by exclaiming against the Parliament of Bordeaux for sheltering men condemned by the King's declaration, he said to him very plainly, "Set out to-morrow, monsieur, if you do not arrange matters to-day; you should have been by this time upon the Garonne."
The event proved that Chateauneuf was in the right, for though the Parliament was very excited, they stood out a long time against the madness of the people, spurred on by M. de Bouillon, and issued a decree ordering an envoy of Spain, who was sent thither to commence a treaty with the Duc de Bouillon, to depart the city, and forbade any of their body to visit such as had correspondence with Spain, the Princess herself not excepted. Moreover, the mob having undertaken to force the Parliament to unite with the Princes, the Parliament armed the magistracy, who fired upon the people and made them retire.
A little time before the King departed for Guienne, which was in the beginning of July, word came that the Parliament of Bordeaux had consented to a union with the Princes, and had sent a deputy to the Parliament of Paris, who had orders to see neither the King nor the ministers, and that the whole province was disposed for a revolt. The Cardinal was in extreme consternation, and commended himself to the favour of the meanest man of the Fronde with the greatest suppleness imaginable.
As soon as the King came to the neighbourhood of Bordeaux the deputies of Parliament, who went to meet the Court at Lebourne, were peremptorily commanded to open the gates of the city to the King and to all his troops. They answered that one of their privileges was to guard the King themselves while he was in any of their towns. Upon this, Marechal de La Meilleraye seized the castle of Vaire, in the command of Pichon, whom the Cardinal ordered to be hanged; and M. de Bouillon hanged an officer in Meilleraye's army by way of reprisal.
After that the Marshal besieged the city in form, which, despairing of succour from Spain, was forced to capitulate upon the following terms:
That a general pardon should be granted to all who had taken up arms and treated with Spain, that all the soldiers should be disbanded except those whom the King had a mind to keep in his pay, that Madame la Princesse and the Duke should be at liberty to reside either in Anjou or at Mouzon, with no more than two hundred foot and sixty horse, and that M. d'Epernon should be recalled from the government of Guienne.
The Princess had an interview with both the King and Queen, at which there were great conferences between the Cardinal and the Ducs de Bouillon and de La Rochefoucault.
The deputy from Bordeaux, arriving at Paris soon after the King's departure, went immediately, to Parliament, and, after an eloquent harangue, presented a letter from the Parliament of Bordeaux, together with their decrees, and demanded a union between the two Parliaments. After some debates it was resolved that the deputy should deliver his credentials in writing, which should be presented to his Majesty by the deputies of the Parliament of Paris, who would, at the same time, most humbly beseech the Queen to restore peace to Guienne.
The Duc d'Orleans was against debating about the petition to the Queen for the liberation of the Priuces and the banishment of Cardinal Mazarin; nevertheless, many of the members voted for it, upon a motion made by the President Viole, who was a warm partisan of the Prince de Conde, not because he had hopes of carrying it, but on purpose to embarrass M. de Beaufort and myself upon a subject of which we did not care to speak, and yet did not dare to be altogether silent about, without passing in some measure for Mazarinists. President Viole did the Prince a great deal of service on this occasion, for Bourdet a brave soldier, who had been captain of the Guards and was attached to the interest of the Prince—performed an action which emboldened the party very much, though it had no success. He dressed himself and fourscore other officers of his troops in mason's clothes, and having assembled many of the dregs of the people, to whom he had distributed money, came directly to the Duc d'Orleans as he was going out, and cried, "No Mazarin! God bless the Princes!" His Royal Highness, at this apparition and the firing of a brace of pistols at the same time by Bourdet, ran to the Great Chamber; but M. de Beaufort stood his ground so well with the Duke's guards and our men, that Bourdet was repulsed and thrown down the Parliament stairs.
But the confusion in the Great Chamber was still worse. There were daily assemblies, wherein the Cardinal was severely attacked, and the Prince's party had the pleasure of exposing us as his accomplices. What is very strange is that at the same time the Cardinal and his friends accused us of corresponding with the Parliament of Bordeaux, because we maintained, in case the Court did not adjust affairs there, we would infallibly bring the Parliament of Paris into the interest of the Prince. If I were at the point of death I should have no need to be confessed on account of my behaviour on this occasion. I acted with as much sincerity in this juncture as if I had been the Cardinal's nephew, though really it was not out of any love to him, but because I thought myself obliged in prudence to oppose the progress of the Prince's faction, owing to the foolish conduct of his enemies; and to this end I was obliged to oppose the flattery of the Cardinal's tools as much as the efforts made by those who were in the service of the Prince.
On the 3d of September President Bailleul returned with the other deputies, and made a report in Parliament of his journey to Court; it was, in brief, that the Queen thanked the Parliament for their good intentions, and had commanded them to assure the Parliament in her name that she was ready to restore peace to Guienne, and that it would have been done before now had not M. de Bouillon, who had treated with the Spaniards, made himself master of Bordeaux, and thereby cut off the effects of his Majesty's goodness.
The Duc d'Orleans informed the House that he had received a letter from the Archduke, signifying that the King of Spain having sent him full powers to treat for a general peace, he desired earnestly to negotiate it with him. But his Royal Highness added that he did not think it proper to return him any answer till he had the opinion of the Parliament. The trumpeter who brought the letter gathered a party at Tiroir cross, and spoke very seditious words to the people. The next day they found libels posted up and down the city in the name of M. de Turenne, setting forth that the Archduke was coming with no other disposition than to make peace, and in one of them were these words: "It is your business, Parisians, to solicit your false tribunes, who have turned at last pensioners and protectors of Mazarin, who have for so long a time sported with your fortunes and repose, and spurred you on, kept you back, and made you hot or cold, according to the caprices and different progress of their ambition."
You see the state and condition the Frondeurs were in at this juncture, when they could not move one step but to their own disadvantage. The Duc d'Orleans spoke to me that night with a great deal of bitterness against the Cardinal, which he had never done before, and said he had been tricked by him twice, and that he was ruining himself, the State, and all of us, and would, by so doing, place the Prince de Conde upon the throne. In short, Monsieur owned that it was not yet time to humble the Cardinal. "Therefore," said M. Bellievre, "let us be upon our guard; this man can give us the slip any moment."
Next day a letter was sent from the Prince de Conde, by the Baron de Verderonne, to the Archduke, desiring him to name the time, place and persons for a treaty. The Baron returned with a letter from the Archduke to his Royal Highness, desiring that the conferences might be held between Rheims and Rhetel, and that they might meet there personally, with such others as they should think fit to bring with them. The Court was surprised, but, however, did not think fit to delay sending full powers to his Royal Highness to treat for peace on such terms as he thought reasonable and advantageous for the King's service; and there were joined with him, though in subordination, MM. Mole, the First President, d'Avaux, and myself, with the title of Ambassadors Extraordinary and Plenipotentiaries. M. d'Avaux obliged me to assure Don Gabriel de Toledo, in private, that if the Spaniards would but come to reasonable terms, we would conclude a peace with them in two days' time. And his Royal Highness said that Don Gabriel being a lover of money, I should promise him for his part 100,000 crowns if the conference that was proposed ended in a peace, and bid him tell the Archduke that, if the Spaniards proposed reasonable terms, he would sign and have them registered in Parliament before Mazarin should know anything of the matter.
Don Gabriel received the overture with joy; he had some particular fancies, but Fuensaldagne, who had a particular kindness for him, said that he was the wisest fool he ever saw in his life. I have remarked more than once that this sort of man cannot persuade, but can insinuate perfectly well, and that the talent of insinuation is of more service than that of persuasion, because one may insinuate to a hundred where one can hardly persuade five.
The King of England, after having lost the battle of Worcester, arrived in Paris the day that Don Gabriel set out, the 13th of September, 1651. My Lord Taff was his great chamberlain, valet de chambre, clerk of the kitchen, cup-bearer, and all,—an equipage answerable to his Court, for his Majesty had not changed his shirt all the way from England. Upon his arrival at Paris, indeed, he had one lent him by my Lord Jermyn; but the Queen, his mother, had not money to buy him another for the next day. The Duc d'Orleans went to compliment his Majesty upon his arrival, but it was not in my power to persuade his Royal Highness to give his nephew one penny, because, said he, "a little would not be worth his acceptance, and a great deal would engage me to do as much hereafter." This leads me to make the following digression: that there is nothing so wretched as to be a minister to a Prince, and, at the same time, not his favourite; for it is his favour only that gives one a power over the more minute concerns of the family, for which the public does, nevertheless, think a minister accountable when they, see he has power over affairs of far greater consequence.
Therefore I was not in a condition to oblige his Royal Highness by assisting the King of England with a thousand pistoles, for which I was horridly, ashamed, both upon his account anal my own; but I borrowed fifteen hundred for him from M. Morangis, and carried them to my Lord Taff.—[Lord Clarendon extols the civilities of Cardinal de Retz to King Charles II., and has reported a curious conversation which the Cardinal had with that Prince.]—It is remarkable that the same night, as I was going home, I met one Tilney, an Englishman whom I had formerly known at Rome, who told me that Vere, a great Parliamentarian and a favourite of Cromwell, had arrived in Paris and had orders to see me. I was a little puzzled; however, I judged it would be improper to refuse him an interview. Vere gave me a brief letter from Cromwell in the nature of credentials, importing that the sentiments I had enunciated in the "Defence of Public Liberty" added to my reputation, and had induced Cromwell to desire to enter with me into the strictest friendship. The letter was in the main wonderfully civil and complaisant. I answered it with a great deal of respect, but in such a manner as became a true Catholic and an honest Frenchman. Vere appeared to be a man of surprising abilities.
I now return to our own affairs. I was told as a mighty secret that Tellier had orders from the Cardinal to remove the Princes from the Bois de Vincennes if the enemy were likely to come near the place, and that he should endeavour by all means to procure the consent of the Duc d'Orleans for that end; but that, in case of refusal, these orders should be executed notwithstanding, and that he should endeavour to gain me to these measures by the means of Madame de Chevreuse. When Tellier came to me I assured him that it was all one, both to me and the Duc d'Orleans, whether the Princes were removed or not, but since my opinion was desired, I must declare that I think nothing can be more contrary to the true interest of the King; "for," said I, "the Spaniards must gain a battle before they can come to Vincennes, and when there they must have a flying camp to invest the place before they can deliver the Princes from confinement, and therefore I am convinced that there is no necessity for their removal, and I do affirm that all unnecessary changes in matters which are in themselves disagreeable are pernicious, because odious. I will maintain, further, that there is less reason to fear the Duc d'Orleans and the Frondeurs than to dread the Spaniards. Suppose that his Royal Highness is more disaffected towards the Court than anybody; suppose further that M. de Beaufort and I have a mind to relieve the Princes, in what way could we do it? Is not the whole garrison in that castle in the King's service? Has his Royal Highness any regular troops to besiege Vincennes? And, granting the Frondeurs to be the greatest fools imaginable, will they expose the people of Paris at a siege which two thousand of the King's troops might raise in a quarter of an hour though it consist of a hundred thousand citizens? I therefore conclude that the removal would be altogether impolitic. Does it not look rather as if the Cardinal feigns apprehension of the Spaniards only as a pretence to make himself master of the Princes, and to dispose of their persons at pleasure? The generality of the people, being Frondeurs, will conclude you take the Prince de Conde out of their hands,—whom they look upon to be safe while they see him walking upon the battlements of his prison,—and that you will give him his liberty when you please, and thus enable him to besiege Paris a second time. On the other hand, the Prince's party will improve this removal very much to their own advantage by the compassion such a spectacle will raise in the people when they see three Princes dragged in chains from one prison to another. I was really mistaken just now when I said the case was all one to me, for I see that I am nearly concerned, because the people—in which word I include the Parliament will cry out against it; I must be then obliged, for my own safety, to say I did not approve of the resolution. Then the Court will be informed that I find fault with it, and not only that, but that I do it in order to raise the mob and discredit the Cardinal, which, though ever so false; yet in consequence the people will firmly believe it, and thus I shall meet with the same treatment I met with in the beginning of the late troubles, and what I even now experience in relation to the affairs of Guienne. I am said to be the cause of these troubles because I foretold them, and I was said to encourage the revolt at Bordeaux because I was against the conduct that occasioned it."
Tellier, in the Queen's name, thanked me for my unresisting disposition, and made the same proposal to his Royal Highness; upon which I spoke, not to second Tellier, who pleaded for the necessity of the removal, to which I could by no means be reconciled, but to make it evident to his Royal Highness that he was not in any way concerned in it in his own private capacity, and that, in case the Queen did command it positively, it was his duty to obey. M. de Beaufort opposed it so furiously as to offer the Duc d'Orleans to attack the guards which were to remove him. I had solid reasons to dissuade him from it, to the last of which he submitted, it being an argument which I had from the Queen's own mouth when she set out for Guienne, that Bar offered to assassinate the Princes if it should happen that he was not in a condition to hinder their escape. I was astonished when her Majesty trusted me with this secret, and imagined that the Cardinal had possessed her with a fear that the Frondeurs had a design to seize the person of the Prince de Conde. For my part, I never dreamed of such a thing in my life. The Ducs d'Orleans and de Beaufort were both shocked at the thought of it, and, in short, it was agreed that his Royal Highness should give his consent for the removal, and that M. de Beaufort and myself should not give it out among the people that we approved of it.
The day that the Princes were removed to Marcoussi, President Bellievre told the Keeper of the Seals in plain terms, that if he continued to treat me as he had done hitherto, he should be obliged in honour to give his testimony to the truth. To which the Keeper of the Seals returned this blunt answer: "The Princes are no longer in sight of Paris; the Coadjutor must not therefore talk so loud."
I return now to the Parliament, which was so moderate at this time that the Cardinal was hardly mentioned, and they agreed, 'nemine contradicente', that the Parliament should send deputies to Bordeaux to know once for all if that Parliament was for peace or not.
Soon after this the Parliament of Toulouse wrote to that of Paris concerning the disturbances in Guienne, part whereof belonged to their jurisdiction, and expressly demanded a decree of union. But the Duc d'Orleans warded off the blow very dexterously, which was of great consequence, and, more by his address than by his authority, brought the Parliament to dismiss the deputies with civil answers and insignificant expressions, upon which President Bellievre said to me, "What pleasure should we not take in acting as we do if it were for persons that had but the sense to appreciate it!"
The Parliament did not continue long in that calm. They passed a decree to interrogate the State prisoners in the Bastille, broke out sometimes like a whirlwind, with thunder and lightning, against Cardinal Mazarin; at other times they complained of the misapplication of the public funds. We had much ado to ward off the blows, and should not have been able to hold out long against the fury of the waves but for the news of the Peace of Bordeaux, which was registered there on October the 1st, 1650, and put the Prince de Conde's party into consternation.
One mean artifice of Cardinal Mazarin's polity was always to entertain some men of our own party, with whom, half reconciled, he played fast and loose before our eyes, and was eternally negotiating with them, deceiving and being deceived in his turn. The consequence of all this was a great, thick cloud, wherein the Frondeurs themselves were at last involved; but which they burst with a thunderclap.
The Cardinal, being puffed up with his success in settling the troubles of Guienne, thought of nothing else than crowning his triumph by chastising the Frondeurs, who, he said, had made use of the King's absence to alienate the Duc d'Orleans from his service, to encourage the revolt at Bordeaux, and to make themselves masters of the persons of the Princes. At the same time, he told the Princess Palatine that he detested the cruel hatred I bore to the Prince de Conde, and that the propositions I made daily to him on that score were altogether unworthy of a Christian. Yet he suggested to the Duc d'Orleans that I made great overtures to him to be reconciled to the Court, but that he could not trust me, because I was from morning to night negotiating with the friends of the Prince de Conde. Thus the Cardinal rewarded me for what I did with incredible application and, I must say, uncommon sincerity for the Queen's service during the Court's absence. I do not mention the dangers I was in twice or thrice a day, surpassing even those of soldiers in battles. For imagine, I beseech you, what pain and anguish I must have been in at hearing myself called a Mazarinist, and at having to bear all the odium annexed to that hateful appellation in a city where he made it his business to destroy me in the opinion of a Prince whose nature it was to be always in fear and to trust none but such as hoped to rise by my fall.
The Cardinal gave himself such airs after the peace at Bordeaux that some said my best way would be to retire before the King's return.
Cardinal Mazarin had been formerly secretary to Pancirole, the Pope's nuncio for the peace of Italy, whom he betrayed, and it was proved that he had a secret correspondence with the Governor of Milan. Pancirole, being created cardinal and Secretary of State to the Church, did not forget the perfidiousness of his secretary, now created cardinal by Pope Urban, at the request of Cardinal de Richelieu, and did not at all endeavour to qualify the anger which Pope Innocent had conceived against Mazarin after the assassination of one of his nephews, in conjunction with Cardinal Anthony.
[Anthony Barberini, nephew to Urban VIII., created Cardinal 1628, made
Protector of the Crown of France 1633, and Great Almoner of the Kingdom
1653. He was afterwards Bishop of Poitiers, and, lastly, Archbishop of
Rheims in 1657. Died 1671.]
Pancirole, who thought he could not affront Mazarin more than by contributing to make me cardinal, did me all the kind offices with Pope Innocent, who gave him leave to treat with me in that affair.
Madame de Chevreuse told the Queen all that she had observed in my conduct in the King's absence, and what she had seen was certainly one continued series of considerable services done to the Queen.
She recounted at last all the injustice done me, the contempt put upon me, and the just grounds of my diffidence, which, she said, of necessity ought to be removed, and that the only means of removing it was the hat. The Queen was in a passion at this. The Cardinal defended himself, not by an open denial, for he had offered it me several times, but by recommending patience, intimating that a great monarch should be forced to nothing. Monsieur, seconding Madame de Chevreuse in her attack, assailed the Cardinal, who, at least in appearance, gave way, out of respect for his Royal Highness. Madame de Chevreuse, having brought them to parley, did not doubt that she should also bring them to capitulate, especially when she saw the Queen was appeased, and had told his Royal Highness that she was infinitely obliged to him, and would do what her Council judged most proper and reasonable. This Council, which was only a specious name, consisted only of the Cardinal, the Keeper of the Seals, Tellier, and Servien.
The matter was proposed to the Council by the Cardinal with much importunity, concluding with a most submissive petition to the Queen to condescend to the demand of the Duc d'Orleans, and to what the services and merits of the Coadjutor demanded. The proposition was rejected with such resolution and contempt as is very unusual in Council in opposition to a Prime Minister. Tellier and Servien thought it sufficient not to applaud him; but the Keeper of the Seals quite forgot his respect for the Cardinal, accused him of prevarication and weakness, and threw himself at her Majesty's feet, conjuring her in the name of the King her son, not to authorise, by an example which he called fatal, the insolence of a subject who was for wresting favours from his sovereign, sword in hand. The Queen was moved at this, and the poor Cardinal owned he had been too easy and pliant.
I had myself given a very natural handle to my adversaries to expose me so egregiously. I have been guilty of many blunders, but I think this is the grossest that I ever was guilty of in all my life. I have frequently made this observation, that when men have, through fear of miscarriage, hesitated a long time about any undertaking of consequence, the remaining impressions of their fear commonly push them afterwards with too much precipitancy upon the execution of their design. And this was my case. It was with the greatest reluctance that I determined to accept the dignity of a cardinal, because I thought it too mean to form a pretension to it without certainty of success; and no sooner was I engaged in the pursuit of it but the impression of the former fearful ideas hurried me on, as it were, to the end, that I might get as soon as possible out of the disagreeable state of uncertainty.
The Cardinal would have paid my debts, given me the place of Grand Almoner, etc.; but if he had added twelve cardinals' hats into the bargain, I should have begged his excuse. I was now engaged with Monsieur, who had, meanwhile, resolved upon the release of the Princes from their confinement.
Cardinal Mazarin, after his return to Paris, made it his chief study to divide the Fronde. He thought to materially weaken my interest with Monsieur by detaching from me Madame de Chevreuse, for whom he had a natural tenderness, and to give me a mortal blow by embroiling me with Mademoiselle her daughter. To do this effectually he found a rival, who, he hoped, would please her better, namely, M. d'Aumale, handsome as Apollo, and one who was very likely to suit the temper of Mademoiselle de Chevreuse. He had entirely devoted himself to the Cardinal's interest, looked upon himself as very much honoured by this commission, and haunted the Palace of Chevreuse so diligently that I did not doubt but that he was sent thither to act the second part of the comedy which had miscarried so shamefully in the hands of M. de Candale. I watched all his movements, and complained to Mademoiselle de Chevreuse, but she gave me indirect answers. I began to be out of humour, and was soon appeased. I grew peevish again; and Mademoiselle de Chevreuse saying in his presence, to please me and to sting him, that she could not imagine how it was possible to bear a silly fellow, "Pardon me, mademoiselle," replied I, "we suffer fops sometimes very patiently for the sake of their extravagances." This man was notoriously foppish and extravagant. My answer pleased, and we soon got rid of him at the Palace of Chevreuse. But he thought to have despatched me, for he hired one Grandmaison, a ruffian, to assassinate me, who apprised me of his design. The first time I met M. d'Aumale, which was at the Duc d'Orleans's house, I did not fail to let him know it; but I told it him in a whisper, saying that I had too much respect for the House of Savoy to publish it to the world. He denied the fact, but in such a manner as to make it more evident, because he conjured me to keep it secret. I gave him my word, and I kept it.
Madame de Guemenee, with whom I had several quarrels, proposed to the Queen likewise to despatch me, by shutting me up in a greenhouse in her garden, which she might easily have done, because I often went to her alone by night; but the Cardinal, fearing that the people would have suspected him as the author of my sudden disappearance, would not enter into the project, so it was dropped.
To return to our negotiations for the freedom of the Princes. The Duc d'Orleans was with much difficulty induced to sign the treaty by which a marriage was stipulated between Mademoiselle de Chevreuse and the Prince de Conti, and to promise not to oppose my promotion to the dignity of a cardinal. The Princes were as active in the whole course of these negotiations as if they had been at liberty. We wrote to them, and they to us, and a regular correspondence between Paris and Lyons was never better established than ours. Bar, their warder, was a very shallow fellow; besides, men of sense are sometimes outwitted.
[Bar was, according to M. Joly, an unsociable man, who was for raising his fortune by using the Princes badly, and who, on this account, was often the dupe of Montreuil, secretary to the Prince de Conti.—See JOLY'S "Memoirs," vol. i., p. 88.]
Cardinal Mazarin, upon his return with the King from Guienne, was greatly pleased with the acclamations of the mob, but he soon grew weary of them, for the Frondeurs still kept the wall.
The Cardinal being continually provoked at Paris by the Abbe Fouquet, who sought to make himself necessary, and being so vain as to think himself qualified to command an army, marched abruptly out of Paris for Champagne, with a design to retake Rhetel and Chateau-Portien, of which the enemy were possessed, and where M. de Turenne proposed to winter.
On the feast of Saint Martin, the First President and the Attorney-General Talon exhorted the Parliament to be peaceable, that the enemies of the State might have no advantage. A petition was read from Madame la Princesse, desiring that the Princes should be brought to the Louvre and remain in the custody, of one of the King's officers, and that the Solicitor-General be sent for to say what he had to allege against their innocence, and that in case he should have nothing solid to offer they be set at liberty.
The Chambers, being assembled on the 7th of December, to take the affair into consideration, Talon, the Attorney-General, informed the House that the Queen had sent for the King's Council, and ordered them to let the Parliament know that it was her pleasure that the House should not take any cognisance of the Princess's petition, because everything that had relation to the confinement of the Princes belonged to the royal authority. Talon made a motion that the Parliament should depute some members to carry the petition to the Queen, and to beseech her Majesty to take it into her consideration. At the same time another petition was presented from Mademoiselle de Longueville, for the liberty of the Duke her father, and that she might have leave to stay in Paris to solicit it.
No sooner was this petition read than a letter from the three Princes was presented and read, praying that they might be brought to trial or set at liberty.
On the 9th day of the month an order was brought to the Parliament from the King, commanding the House to suspend all deliberations on this subject till they had first sent their deputies to Court to know his Majesty's pleasure.
Deputies were sent immediately, to whom, accordingly, the Queen gave audience in bed, telling them that she was very much indisposed. The Keeper of the Seals added that it was the King's pleasure that the Parliament should not meet at all until such time as the Queen his mother had recovered her health.
On the 10th the House resolved to adjourn only to the 14th, and on that day a general procession was proposed to the Archbishop by the Dean of Parliament, to beg that God would inspire them with such counsels only as might be for the good of the public.
On the 14th they received the King's letter, forbidding their debates, and informing them that the Queen would satisfy them very speedily about the affair of the Princes; but this letter was disregarded. They sent a deputation to invite the Duc d'Orleans to come to the House, but, after consulting with the Queen, he told the deputies that he did not care to go, that the Assembly was too noisy, that he could not divine what they would be at, that the affairs in debate were never known to fall under their cognisance, and that they had nothing else to do but to refer the said petitions to the Queen.
On the 18th news came that Marechal du Plessis had gained a signal victory over M. de Turenne, who was coming to succour Rhetel, but found it already surrendered to Marechal du Plessis; and the Spanish garrison, endeavouring to retreat, was forced to an engagement on the plains of Saumepuis; that about 2,000 men were killed upon the spot, among the rest a brother of the Elector Palatine, and six colonels, and that there were nearly 4,000 prisoners, the most considerable of whom were several persons of note, and all the colonels, besides twenty colours and eighty-four standards. You may easily guess at the consternation of the Princes' party; my house was all night filled with the lamentations of despairing mourners, and I found the Duc d'Orleans, as it were, struck dumb.
On the 19th, as I went to the Parliament House, the people looked melancholy, dejected, and frightened out of their wits. The members were afraid to open their mouths, and nobody would mention the name of Mazarin except Menardeau Champre, who spoke of him with encomiums, by giving him the honour of the victory of Rhetel, and then he moved the House to entreat the Queen to put the Princes into the hands of that good and wise Minister, who would be as careful of them as he had been hitherto of the State. I wondered most of all that this man was not hissed in the House, and especially as he passed through the Great Hall. This circumstance, together with what I saw that afternoon in every street, convinced me how much our friends were dispirited, and I therefore resolved next day to raise their courage. I knew the First President to be purblind, and such men greedily swallow every new fact which confirms them in their first impression. I knew likewise the Cardinal to be a man that supposed everybody had a back door. The only way of dealing with men of that stamp is to make them believe that you design to deceive those whom you earnestly endeavour to serve.
For this reason, on the 20th, I declaimed against the disorders of the State, and showed that it having pleased Almighty God to bless his Majesty's arms and to remove the public enemy from our frontiers by the victory gained over them by Marechal du Plessis, we ought now to apply ourselves seriously to the healing of internal wounds of the State, which are the more dangerous because they are less obvious. To this I thought fit to add that I was obliged to mention the general oppression of the subjects at a time when we had nothing more to fear from the lately routed Spaniards; that, as one of the props of the public safety was the preservation of the royal family, I could not without the utmost concern see the Princes breathe the unwholesome air of Havre-de-Grace, and that I was of opinion that the House should humbly entreat the King to remove them, at least to some place more healthy. At this speech everybody regained their courage and concluded that all was not yet lost. It was observed that the people's countenances were altered. Those in the Great Hall resumed their former zeal, made the usual acclamations as we went out, and I had that day three hundred carriages of visitors.
On the 22d the debate was continued, and it was more and more observed that the Parliament did not follow the triumphant chariot of Cardinal Mazarin, whose imprudence in hazarding the fate of the whole kingdom in the last battle was set off with all the disadvantages that could be invented to tarnish the victory.
The 30th crowned the work, and produced a decree for making most humble remonstrances to the Queen for the liberty of the Princes and for Mademoiselle de Longueville staying in Paris.
It was further resolved to send a deputation to the Duc d'Orleans, to desire his Royal Highness to use his interest on this occasion in favour of the said Princes.
The King's Council having waited on her Majesty with the remonstrances aforesaid, she pretended to be under medical treatment, and put off the matter a week longer. The Duc d'Orleans also gave an ambiguous answer. The Queen's course of treatment continued eight or ten days longer than she imagined, or, rather, than she said, and consequently the remonstrances of the Parliament were not made till the 20th of January, 1651.
On the 28th the First President made his report, and said the Queen had promised to return an answer in a few days.
It happened very luckily for us at this time that the imprudence of the Cardinal was greater than the inconstancy of the Duc d'Orleans, for a little before the Queen returned an answer to the remonstrances, he talked very roughly to the Duke in the Queen's presence, charging him with putting too much confidence in me. The very day that the Queen made the aforesaid answer he spoke yet more arrogantly to the Duke in her Majesty's apartment, comparing M. de Beaufort and myself to Cromwell and Fairfax in the House of Commons in England, and exclaimed furiously in the King's presence, so that he frightened the Duke, who was glad he got out of the King's Palace with a whole skin, and who said that he would never put himself again in the power of that furious woman, meaning the Queen, because she had improved on what the Cardinal had said to the King. I resolved to strike the iron while it was hot, and joined with M. de Beaufort to persuade his Royal Highness to declare himself the next day in Parliament. We showed him that, after what had lately passed, there was no safety for his person, and if the King should go out of Paris, as the Cardinal designed, we should be engaged in a civil war, whereof he alone, with the city of Paris, must bear the heavy load; that it would be equally scandalous and dangerous for his Royal Highness either to leave the Princes in chains, after having treated with them, or, by his dilatory proceedings, suffer Mazarin to have all the honour of setting them at liberty, and that he ought by all means to go to the Parliament House.
The Duchess, too, seconded us, and upon his Highness saying that if he went to the House to declare against the Court the Cardinal would be sure to take his Majesty out of Paris, the Duchess replied, "What, monsieur, are you not Lieutenant-General of France? Do not you command the army? Are you not master of the people? I myself will undertake that the King shall not go out of Paris." The Duke nevertheless remained inflexible, and all we could get out of him was that he would consent to my telling the Parliament, in his name, what we desired he should say himself. In a word, he would have me make the experiment, the success of which he looked upon to be very uncertain, because he thought the Parliament would have nothing to say against the Queen's answer, and that if I succeeded he should reap the honour of the proposition. I readily accepted the commission, because all was at stake, and if I had not executed it the next morning I am sure the Cardinal would have eluded setting the Princes at liberty a great while longer, and the affair have ended in a negotiation with them against the Duke.
The Duchess, who saw that I exposed myself for the public good, pitied me very much. She did all she could to persuade the Duke to command me to mention to the Parliament what the Cardinal had told the King with relation to Cromwell, Fairfax and the English Parliament, which, if declared in the Duke's name, she thought would excite the House the more against Mazarin; and she was certainly in the right. But he forbade me expressly.
I ran about all night to incite the members at their first meeting to murmur at the Queen's answer, which in the main was very plausible, importing that, though this affair did not fall within the cognisance of Parliament, the Queen would, however, out of her abundant goodness, have regard to their supplications and restore the Princes to liberty. Besides, it promised a general amnesty to all who had borne arms in their favour, on condition only that M. de Turenne should lay down his arms, that Madame de Longueville should renounce her treaty with Spain, and that Stenai and Murzon should be evacuated.
At first the Parliament seemed to be dazzled with it, but next day, the 1st of February, the whole House was undeceived, and wondered how it had been so deluded. The Court of Inquests began to murmur; Viole stood up and said that the Queen's answer was but a snare laid for the Parliament to beguile them; that the 12th of March, the time fixed for the King's coronation, was just at hand; and that as soon as the Court was out of Paris they, would laugh at the Parliament. At this discourse the old and new Fronde stood up, and when I saw they, were greatly excited I waved my cap and said that the Duke had commanded me to inform the House that the regard he had for their sentiments having confirmed him in those he always naturally, entertained of his cousins, he was resolved to concur with them for procuring their liberty, and to contribute everything in his power to effect it; and it is incredible what influence these few words had upon the whole assembly. I was astonished at it myself. The wisest senators seemed as mad as the common people, and the people madder than ever. Their acclamations exceeded anything you can imagine, and, indeed, nothing less was sufficient to give heart to the Duke, who had all night been bringing forth new projects with more sorrowful pangs and throes (as the Duchess expressed it) than ever she had felt when in labour with all her children.
When he was fully informed of the good success of his declaration, he embraced me several times before all the company, and M. Tellier going to wait upon him from the Queen, to know if he acknowledged what I had said in his name in the House, "Yes," replied he, "I own, and always will own, all that he shall say or act in my name." We thought that after a solemn declaration of this nature the Duke would not scruple to take all the necessary precautions to prevent the Cardinal carrying away the King, and to that end the Duchess did propose to have all the gates of the city well guarded, under pretence of some popular tumults. But he was deaf to all she said, pretending that he was loth to make his King a prisoner.
On the 2d of February, 1651, the Duke, urged very importunately by the Princes' party informing him that their liberty depended on it, told them that he was going to perform an action which would remove all their diffidence. He sent immediately for the Keeper of the Seals, Marechal Villeroi; and Tellier, and bade them tell the Queen that he would never come to the Palais Royal as long as Mazarin was there, and that he could no longer treat with a man that ruined the State. And, then, turning towards Marechal Villeroi, "I charge you," said he, "with the King's person; you shall be answerable for him to me." I was sadly afraid this would be a means to hasten the King's departure, which was what we dreaded most of all, and I wondered that the Cardinal did not remove after such a declaration. I thought his head was turned, and indeed I was told that he was beside himself for a fortnight together.
The Duke having openly declared against Mazarin, and being resolved to attack and drive him out of the kingdom, bade me inform the House next day, in his name, how the Cardinal had compared their body to the Rump Parliament in England, and some of their members to Cromwell and Fairfax. I improved upon this as much as possible, and I daresay that so much heat and ferment was never seen in any society before. Some were for sending the Cardinal a personal summons to appear on the spot, to give an account of his administration; but the most moderate were for making most humble remonstrances to the Queen for his removal. You may easily guess what a thunderclap this must have been to the Court. The Queen asked the Duke whether she might bring the Cardinal to his Royal Highness. His answer was that he did not think it good for the safety of his own person. She offered to come alone to confer with his Highness at the Palais d'Orleans, but he excused himself with a great deal of respect.
He sent orders an hour after to the Marshals of France to obey him only, as Lieutenant-General of the State, and likewise to the 'prevots des marchands' not to take up arms except by his authority. You will wonder, without doubt, that after all this noise no care was taken of the gates of Paris to prevent the King's departure. The Duchess, who trembled at the thoughts of it, daily redoubled her endeavours to induce the Duke to secure the gates of the city, but all to no purpose; for weak minds are generally deficient in some respect or other.
On the 4th the Duke came to the Parliament and assured the assembly of his concurrence in everything to reform the State and to procure the liberty of the Princes and the Cardinal's removal. As soon as his Royal Highness had done speaking, the Master of the Ceremonies was admitted with a letter from the King, which was read, and which required the House to separate, and to send as many deputies as they could to the Palais Royal to hear the King's will and pleasure. Deputies were accordingly sent immediately, for whose return the bulk of the members stayed in the Great Chamber. I was informed that this was one trick among others concerted to ruin me, and, telling the Duc d'Orleans of it, he said that if the old buffoon, the Keeper of the Seals, was concerned in such a complication of folly and knavery, he deserved to be hanged by the side of Mazarin. But the sequel showed that I was not out in my information.
As soon as the deputies were come to the Palais Royal, the First President told the Queen that the Parliament was extremely concerned that the Princes were still confined, notwithstanding her royal promise for setting them at liberty. The Queen replied that Marchal de Grammont was sent to release them and to see to their necessary security for the public tranquillity, but that she had sent for them in relation to another affair, which the Keeper of the Seals would explain to them, and which he couched in a sanguinary manifesto, in substance as follows:
"All the reports made by the Coadjutor in Parliament are false, and invented by him. He lies!" (This is the only word the Queen added to what was already written). "He is a very wicked, dangerous man, and gives the Duke very pernicious advice; he wants to ruin the State because we have refused to make him cardinal, and has publicly boasted that he will set fire to the four corners of the kingdom, and that he will have 100,000 men in readiness to dash out the brains of those that shall attempt to put it out." These expressions were very harsh, and I am sure that I never said anything like that; but it was of no use at this time to make the cloud which was gathering over the head of Mazarin fall in a storm upon mine. The Court saw that Parliament was assembled to pass a decree for setting the Princes at liberty, and that the Duke in person was declaring against Mazarin in the Grand Chamber, and therefore they believed that a diversion would be as practicable as it was necessary, namely, to bring me upon my trial in such a manner that the Parliament could not refuse nor secure me from the railleries of the most inconsiderable member. Everything that tended to render the attack plausible was made use of, as well as everything that might weaken my defence. The writing was signed by the four Secretaries of State, and, the better to defeat all that I could say in my justification, the Comte de Brienne was sent at the heels of the deputies with an order to desire the Duc d'Orleans to come to a conference with the Queen in relation to some few difficulties that remained concerning the liberty of the Princes.
When the deputies had returned to Parliament, the First President began with reading the paper which had been delivered to him against me, upon which you might have read astonishment in every face. Menardeau, who was to open the trenches against me, was afraid of a salvo from the Great Hall, where he found such a crowd of people, and heard so many acclamations to the Fronde, and so many imprecations against Mazarin, that he durst not open his mouth against me, but contented himself with a pathetic lamentation of the division that was in the State, and especially in the royal family. The councillors were so divided that some of them were for appointing public prayers for two days; others proposed to desire his Royal Highness to take care of the public safety. I resolved to treat the writing drawn up against me by the Cardinal as a satire and a libel, and, by some ingenious, short passage, to arouse the minds of my hearers. As my memory did not furnish me with anything in ancient authors that had any relation to my subject, I made a small discourse in the best Latin I was capable of, and then spoke thus:
"Were it not for the profound respect I bear to the persons who have spoken before me, I could not forbear complaining of their not crying out against such a scurrilous, satirical paper, which was just now read, contrary to all forms of proceeding, and written in the same style as lately profaned the sacred name of the King, to encourage false witnesses by letters-patent. I believe that those persons thought this paper, which is but a sally of the furious Mazarin, to be much beneath themselves and me. And that I may conform my opinion to theirs, I will answer only by repeating a passage from an ancient author: 'In the worst of times I did not forsake the city, in the most prosperous I had no particular views, and in the most desperate times of all I feared nothing.' I desire to be excused for running into this digression. I move that you would make humble remonstrances to the King, to desire him to despatch an order immediately for setting the Princes at liberty, to make a declaration in their favour, and to remove Cardinal Mazarin from his person and Councils."
My opinion was applauded both by the Frondeurs and the Prince's party, and carried almost 'nemine contradicente'.
Talon, the Attorney-General, did wonders. I never heard or read anything more eloquent or nervous. He invoked the names of Henri the Great, and upon his knees recommended the kingdom of France in general to the protection of Saint Louis.
Brienne, who had been sent by the Queen to desire an interview with the Duc d'Orleans, was dismissed with no other answer than that the Duke would come to pay his humble duty to the Queen as soon as the Princes were at liberty, and Cardinal Mazarin removed from the King's person and Councils.
On the 5th of February there was an assembly of the nobility at Nemours for recovering their privileges. I opposed it to the utmost of my power, for I had experienced more than once that nothing can be more pernicious to a party than to engage without any necessity in such affairs as have the bare appearance of faction, but I was obliged to comply. This assembly, however, was so terrifying to the Court that six companies of the Guards were ordered to mount, with which the Duc d'Orleans was so offended that he sent word to the officers, in his capacity of Lieutenant-General of the State, to receive no orders but from himself. They answered very respectfully, but as men devoted to the Queen's interest.
On the 6th, the Duke having taken his place in the Parliament, the King's Council acquainted the House that, having been sent to wait on her Majesty with the remonstrances, her Majesty's answer was that no person living wished more for the liberty of the Princes than herself, but that it was reasonable at the same time to consult the safety of the State; that as for Cardinal Mazarin, she was resolved to retain him in her Council as long as she found his assistance necessary for the King's service; and that it did not belong to the Parliament to concern themselves with any of her ministers.
The First President was shrewdly attacked in the House for not being more resolute in speaking to the Queen. Some were for sending him back to demand another audience in the afternoon; and the Duc d'Orleans having said that the Marshals of France were dependent on Mazarin, it was resolved immediately that they should obey none but his Royal Highness.
I was informed that very evening that the Cardinal had made his escape out of Paris in disguise, and that the Court was in a very great consternation.
The Cardinal's escape was the common topic of conversation, and different reasons were assigned to it, according to the various interests of different parties. As for my part, I am very well persuaded that fear was the only reason of his flight, and that nothing else hindered him from taking the King and the Queen along with him. You will see in the sequel of this history that he endeavoured to get their Majesties out of Paris soon after he had made his escape, and that it was concerted in all probability before he left the Court; but I could never understand why he did not put it into execution at a time when he had no reason to fear the least opposition.
On the 17th the Parliament ordered the thanks of the House to be returned to the Queen for removing the Cardinal, and that she should be humbly asked to issue an order for setting the Princes at liberty, and a declaration for excluding all foreigners forever from the King's Council. The First President being deputed with the message, the Queen told him that she could return him no answer till she had conferred with the Duc d'Orleans, to whom she immediately deputed the Keeper of the Seals, Marechal Villeroi, and Tellier; but he told them that he could not go to the Palais Royal till the Princes were set at liberty and the Cardinal removed further from the Court. For he observed to the House that the Cardinal was no further off than at Saint Germain, where he governed all the kingdom as before, that his nephew and his nieces were yet at Court; and the Duke proposed that the Parliament should humbly beseech the Queen to explain whether the Cardinal's removal was for good and all. If I had not seen it, I could not have imagined what a heat the House was in that day. Some were for an order that there should be no favourites in France for the future. They became at length of the opinion of his Royal Highness, namely, to address the Queen to ask her to explain herself with relation to the removal of Cardinal Mazarin and to solicit orders for the liberty, of the Princes.
On the same day the Queen sent again to desire the Duc d'Orleans to come and take his place in the Council, and to tell him that, in case he did not think it convenient, she would send the Keeper of the Seals to concert necessary measures with him for setting the Princes at liberty. His Royal Highness accepted the second, but rejected the first proposal, and treated M. d'Elbeuf roughly, because he was very pressing with his Royal Highness to go to the King's Palace. The messengers likewise acquainted the Duke that they were ordered to assure him that the removal of the Cardinal was forever. You will see presently that, in all probability, had his Royal Highness gone that day to Court, the Queen would have left Paris and carried the Duke along with her.
On the 19th the Parliament decreed that, in pursuance of the Queen's declaration, the Cardinal should, within the space of fifteen days, depart from his Majesty's dominions, with all his relations and foreign servants; otherwise, they should be proceeded against as outlaws, and it should be lawful for anybody to despatch them out of the way.
I suspected that the King would leave Paris that very day, and I was almost asleep when I was sent for to go to the Duc d'Orleans, whom Mademoiselle de Chevreuse went to awaken in the meantime; and, while I was dressing, one of her pages brought me a note from her, containing only these few words:
"Make haste to Luxembourg, and be upon your guard on the way." I found Mademoiselle de Chevreuse in his chamber, who acquainted me that the King was out of bed, and had his boots on ready for a journey from Paris.
I waited on the Duke, and said, "There is but one remedy, which is, to secure the gates of Paris." Yet all that we could obtain of him was to send the captain of the Swiss Guards to wait on the Queen and desire her Majesty to weigh the consequences of an action of that nature. His Duchess, perceiving that this expedient, if not supported effectually, would ruin all, and that his Royal Highness was still as irresolute as ever, called for pen and ink that lay upon the table in her cabinet, and wrote these words on a large sheet of paper:
M. le Coadjuteur is ordered to take arms to hinder the adherents of Cardinal Mazarin, condemned by the Parliament, from carrying the King out of Paris. MARGUERITE DE LORRAINE.
Des Touches, who found the Queen bathed in tears, was charged by her Majesty to assure the Duc d'Orleans that she never thought of carrying away the King, and that it was one of my tricks.
The Duc d'Orleans saying at the House next day that orders for the Princes' liberty would be despatched in two hours' time, the First President said, with a deep sigh, "The Prince de Conde is at liberty, but our King, our sovereign Lord and King, is a prisoner." The Duc d'Orleans, being now not near so timorous as before, because he had received more acclamations in the streets than ever, replied, "Truly the King has been Mazarin's prisoner, but, God be praised, he is now in better hands."
The Cardinal, who hovered about Paris till he heard the city had taken up arms, posted to Havre-de-Grace, where he fawned upon the Prince de Conde with a meanness of spirit that is h | |||||||
5215 | dbpedia | 3 | 20 | https://dokumen.pub/sacral-kingship-in-bourbon-france-the-cult-of-saint-louis-15891830-9781350173194-9781350173224-9781350173200.html | en | Sacral Kingship in Bourbon France: The Cult of Saint Louis, 1589–1830 9781350173194, 9781350173224, 9781350173200 | [
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] | null | [] | null | Historians of the ancien régime have long been interested in the relationship between religion and politics, and yet man... | en | dokumen.pub | https://dokumen.pub/sacral-kingship-in-bourbon-france-the-cult-of-saint-louis-15891830-9781350173194-9781350173224-9781350173200.html | Table of contents :
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Figures
Acknowledgements
Note on proper names and translations
Abbreviations
Archives and libraries
Periodicals
Introduction
Sacral kingship
The politics of memory
Early modern sanctity
The historiography of the cult of Saint Louis
Chapter 1: Patron and protector of France: Saint Louis and his cult up to 1618
From Louis IX to Saint Louis
Henri IV and the establishment of Bourbon legitimacy
The restoration of the cult in 1618
Conclusion
2: The saint of kings and the king of saints: Perceptions of Saint Louis, 1618–1715
Saint Louis in seventeenth-century historiography
The panegyrics of Saint Louis
Saint Louis and the crusading ideal
Conclusion
Chapter 3: Ruling France under the shadow of Saint Louis, 1610–1715
Saint Louis and Louis the Just
Saint Louis during the Fronde
Saint Louis and the Sun King
Royal devotion to Saint Louis
Conclusion
Chapter 4: The spread of the cult, 1618–1789
The feast in Paris
The feast in the dioceses
The feast in the provinces
Dedications across France
Saint Louis in the French colonies
Saint Louis in foreign capitals
Conclusion
Chapter 5: Patterns of devotion
Relics and miracles
Liturgy
A saint for the grands
Conclusion
Chapter 6: Saint Louis in the age of Enlightenment and Revolution, 1715–92
Patron of the monarchy
The legislator king
Controversial crusades
The decline and fall of Saint Louis
Conclusion
Chapter 7: Saint Louis from exile to restoration, 1792–18301
A counter-revolutionary saint
Saint Louis and the Charte
The feast of Saint-Louis during the Restoration
Conclusion
Conclusion
Notes
Introduction
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Conclusion
Bibliography
Manuscripts
Primary sources printed before 1830
Primary sources printed after 1830
Secondary sources
Theses
Index
Citation preview | |||||
5215 | dbpedia | 1 | 39 | https://www.monticello.org/research-education/for-scholars/papers-of-thomas-jefferson/current-cumulative-index/current-cumulative-index-l/ | en | Current Cumulative Index - L | [
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] | null | [] | null | en | https://www.monticello.org/favicon.ico | Monticello | null | This index refers to page numbers in the published volumes. Documents subsequently added to the digital editions are marked with a +. Copies of the published volumes are available at a library near you, or may be purchased through this website or from Princeton University Press. The volumes are also available via two online platforms, the Rotunda version through the University of Virginia Press (subscription required) and the Founders Online version (free).
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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[jump to bottom]
Laban (Old Testament figure), 6:564
Labaume, Eugène
Relation Circonstanciée de la Campagne de Russie, 10:214–10:215, 10:215n
La Bedoyere, Charles Angelique
execution of, 9:391–9:392
La Bergerie (J. Armstrong’s Hudson River estate), 5:8n
Labernardière, Mr.
French public official, 7:489
Labigarre. See Delabigarre, Peter
Labouchere, John Peter
identified, 15:478–15:479n
introduced to TJ, 15:478
letter from accounted for, 15:459n
Labouchère, Pierre César
as banker, 2:9, 2:245, 3:54, 3:105–3:106
family of, 15:478
La Brousse, Mr. de
Traité de la Culture du Figuier, suivi d’observations & d’expériences sur la meilleure maniere de cultiver, 2:82, 2:83n, 11:165
Lacépède, Bernard Germain Étienne de La Ville-Sur-Illon, comte de
analyzes bones for Institut de France, 1:101n, 1:250n
and Buffon’s Histoire Naturelle, 7:626
Histoire naturelle de l’homme, 1:250n
identified, 1:250n
letter from accounted for, 9:400n
letter from, 1:248–1:250
letter to, 8:321–8:323
mentioned, 3:221n, 5:601, 14:387, 17:98
rumored immigration to U.S. of, 9:359, 9:360n
sends greetings to TJ, 1:629, 20:446
and Société Linnéenne de Paris, 19:610
TJ forwards letter from, 1:249, 1:417
TJ introduces B. S. Barton to, 8:321, 8:325
TJ sends greetings to, 20:282
and TJ’s health, 20:99
Lacey, David R.
and University of Virginia, 17:636, 19:189
Lachryma Christi (wine), 13:28
Lackington, George
bookseller, 17:418, 17:420n, 18:459
Lackington, James
bookseller, 17:418, 17:420n
Lackington, Hughes & Company (London firm)
book catalogues of, 17:419, 17:419, 17:419
and books for TJ, 17:42–17:43, 17:196, 17:196n, 17:417–17:418, 17:419, 17:562, 17:562n, 18:71, 18:251
and books for University of Virginia, 17:418
identified, 17:197n
invoice from, 17:196–17:197, 17:563, 18:71, 18:203, 18:251
receipt from, 17:562n
Laclotte, Jean Hyacinthe, 2:445n, 5:86n
Lacon: or Many Things in Few Words; addressed to Those Who Think (C. C. Colton), 18:65, 18:119–18:120
Lacretelle, Jean Charles Dominique
Histoire de France, pendant Le Dix-Huitième Siècle, 15:26, 19:506
lectures of, 11:634
La Croix, Mr.
Abridgment of Universal History, 8:629, 8:632n
Lacroix, Irenée Amelot De, Baron de Vanden Boègard
identified, 4:375–4:376n
letters from accounted for, 4:376n
letters to, 4:375–4:376
seeks military appointment, 4:375–4:376, 4:376
Lacroix, Sylvestre François
Complément des élémens d’algèbre, 4:79, 4:80n
Cours de Mathematiques à l’usage de l’École Centrale des Quatres-Nations, 4:71–4:72, 4:72n, 4:79, 5:14, 5:36, 8:640, 8:670, 8:685, 8:686, 9:60
Traité élémentaire de trigonométrie rectiligne et sphérique et d’application de l’algèbre à la géométrie, 4:79, 4:80n
writings of, 4:370, 14:168, 20:469
Lactantius, Lucius Caecilius Firmianus (early Christian author), 7:25, 16:189, 16:196, 16:258
Lacy, Benjamin
and Limestone Survey lawsuit, 18:373, 19:64, 20:171n
Lacy, David R.
and University of Virginia, 20:195
Lacy, Stephen H.
and P. Piernet’s estate, 3:466–3:467, 3:467–3:468, 3:472n, 3:652–3:653, 4:42, 4:43n, 4:81–4:82, 4:166n, 5:99, 5:116–5:118, 5:217, 5:333–5:334
and P. Piernet’s will, 5:332
Ladd, Thomas
and Gilliam v. Fleming, 1:304, 1:305, 1:306–1:307, 1:329–1:330, 1:331, 1:362–1:363, 1:364–1:365, 1:591, 1:608, 2:123, 2:368, 2:396–2:397, 2:403, 2:407, 2:425, 2:447, 2:448, 2:464–2:465, 2:465–2:466, 2:674–2:675, 3:44–3:45, 3:45, 3:84, 3:85–3:86
identified, 1:307n
letters from, 1:329–1:330, 2:674–2:675
letters from accounted for, 3:45n
letters to, 1:306–1:307, 2:464–2:465, 3:45
Ladvocat, Jean Baptiste
Dictionnaire Historique et Bibliographique Portatif, 1:580, 10:234, 10:237n, 12:582
Lady Monroe (brig), 15:63, 15:119, 15:120, 15:262, 15:300, 15:362, 15:362n
“The Lady of the Wreck; or, Castle Blarneygig: a poem” (G. Colman), 7:60, 7:62n
lady-slipper, 1:436–1:437n
Laertius. See Diogenes Laertius
Laet, Joannes de
Nieuwe wereldt, ofte Beschrijvinghe van West-Indien, 2:503n, 2:503n, 2:511
“Lætitia Lookabout” (pseudonym)
A Sketch of the Rights of Boys and Girls, 18:228, 18:229n
La Fare, Charles Auguste, 7:665
Lafayette, Adrienne de Noailles, marquise de (Lafayette’s wife)
dowry of, 2:10, 2:12, 2:13
mentioned, 2:16, 12:300n
Lafayette, Françoise Émilie Destutt de Tracy (Lafayette’s daughter-in-law), 2:17, 9:664n, 10:509n, 18:428, 19:230
Lafayette, George Washington (Lafayette’s son)
family of, 9:69, 17:254, 17:255
inheritance of, 2:14
as legislator, 9:68, 9:69n, 18:427, 18:428
marriage of, 2:16, 2:17, 9:664n, 10:509n
mentioned, 3:447
sends greetings to TJ, 3:106, 4:359, 17:255
Lafayette, Gilbert Motier de (1380-1462) , 2:12–2:13
Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, marquis de
J. Adams on, 6:287
aids L. Pio, 14:259–14:260
and American Revolution, 2:10–2:11, 3:314, 3:315n, 4:434, 8:266, 11:283, 12:247, 15:277, 19:101, 19:118, 19:122, 19:130, 19:131n
attempts to emancipate African slaves, 2:11
and C. G. G. Botta, 20:369, 20:370, 20:498
and Bureaux de Pusy family, 4:155, 5:71, 5:72n
bust of, at Monticello, 15:li, 15:383
and chestnuts, 4:322
and I. A. Coles, 1:269–1:270, 1:528
correspondence with S. Bernard, 18:300
correspondence with TJ, 17:278, 19:230, 20:289
description of his finances, 2:10–2:26, 3:213, 3:214n, 3:446, 3:447n, 12:248
and Destutt de Tracy, 1:270, 8:266, 9:484, 9:663–9:664, 10:289, 10:291, 10:323–10:324, 10:603, 11:283, 12:248, 13:414, 14:108, 16:137, 16:420, 16:485, 18:428–18:429, 19:101, 20:288, 20:369–20:370
and Destutt de Tracy’s commentary on Montesquieu, 4:54, 4:202, 4:446, 9:377, 10:61–10:62, 10:62n, 10:62, 10:80, 10:81, 10:154, 10:290, 12:248, 14:108
and P. S. Du Pont de Nemours, 9:484
as electoral candidate, 12:38–12:39, 12:246, 12:248n, 13:568
and events in Europe, 16:135–16:136, 16:493, 17:253–17:254, 18:426, 18:426–18:427, 18:427, 19:489, 20:285, 20:368–20:369
and events in France, 7:536–7:541, 9:67–9:68, 9:376–9:377, 10:323, 10:324, 11:281–11:282, 12:245–12:247, 14:108, 16:135–16:137, 16:493, 17:254, 18:426, 18:427, 20:368–20:369
and events in U.S., 19:101–19:102, 20:285–20:286, 20:368
family of, 1:629, 5:212, 5:215n, 7:349, 7:537, 7:542, 9:69, 9:484, 9:664n, 10:323, 10:392, 10:507, 10:509n, 10:549–10:550, 12:248, 16:137, 17:254, 17:369, 18:428, 19:230, 20:369–20:370, 20:370, 20:370n
as farmer, 9:484, 9:667
finances of, 1:376, 1:628, 2:8–2:9, 2:10–2:18, 2:243–2:245, 2:287–2:288, 2:310, 2:418, 3:54–3:55, 3:212, 3:213, 3:445–3:446, 7:15, 7:349, 20:482
on freedom, 10:324
and French Revolution, 8:262, 17:363, 17:366, 17:366, 17:370–17:371, 17:371
friendship with F. Wright, 18:429, 19:609, 20:286–20:287, 20:370
and A. Gallatin, 10:323, 18:429–18:430
and J. Garnett’s family, 20:514
and Greek independence, 18:427–18:428
and R. H. Harrison’s Revolutionary War service, 18:134, 18:135n, 18:160–18:161
health of, 10:392, 12:38, 17:254, 19:102
identified, 1:270–1:271n
and Indian vocabularies, 9:373n, 12:294, 12:295–12:296n
introduces R. A. Barba, 17:255, 17:540, 17:541, 17:559, 17:559n
introduces S. Bernard, 10:391–10:392, 11:139–11:140, 11:180
introduces F. S. Constancio, 19:229, 19:230, 19:230
introduces J. Corrêa da Serra, 4:359
introduces M. L. Descaves, 11:282
introduces E. de Vendel, 16:521, 16:521n
introduces G. Flower, 9:679, 10:299, 10:559, 10:560, 10:560, 10:592, 11:124
introduces E. Grouchy, 9:13, 12:105–12:106
introduces M. A. Jullien, 7:215, 12:229
introduces J. Lakanal, 9:300, 10:276, 18:580
introduces Montlezun, 10:396
introduces E. Vail, 18:299–18:300, 18:302n
and M. A. Jullien’s proposed biography of T. Kosciuszko, 14:50, 16:87
and T. Kosciuszko monument, 17:415n
land of, in La., 1:270n, 1:529, 1:628, 2:8, 2:9, 2:15, 2:16, 2:17–2:18, 2:33–2:34, 2:72–2:73, 2:243, 2:244, 2:245, 2:418, 3:54, 3:105–3:106, 3:212–3:213, 3:248, 3:314, 3:445, 4:29–4:31, 4:359, 4:649–4:650, 5:68–5:69, 5:69n, 5:212–5:214, 5:215n, 7:541, 9:301n, 12:248
on Latin American revolutions, 4:359, 7:14–7:15
and J. B. Lefevre, 2:74, 2:75n
as legislator, 9:68, 9:69n, 9:376–9:377, 14:260, 17:254, 17:255n, 18:428
letter from to an Unidentified Correspondent, 7:542–7:544
letters from, 1:269–1:271, 1:528–1:530, 1:627–1:629, 2:7–2:9, 2:242–2:246, 2:287–2:288, 2:310, 3:54–3:55, 3:105–3:106, 3:211–3:214, 3:444–3:447, 4:155, 4:358–4:359, 4:649–4:650, 5:68–5:69, 5:212–5:215, 7:215, 7:536–7:542, 9:13–9:14, 9:67–9:69, 9:300–9:301, 9:376–9:377, 9:484, 9:679, 10:323–10:324, 10:391–10:392, 11:281–11:283, 12:245–12:249, 16:135–16:137, 17:253–17:255, 18:425–18:431, 19:230–19:231, 19:609, 20:367–20:370
letters from accounted for, 18:302n, 19:609n
letters from TJ forwarded to, 14:107, 14:202, 17:65
letters from mentioned, 2:512, 9:304, 11:528, 11:581, 13:254
letters to, 3:313–3:315, 4:29–4:31, 4:36, 7:13–7:16, 8:261–8:268, 8:478–8:479, 10:62–10:64, 11:353–11:355, 13:413–13:415, 14:108, 16:493–16:494, 17:50, 17:114–17:115, 17:219, 19:101–19:102, 20:285–20:287
letters to mentioned, 4:33
T. Lyman introduced to, 11:294, 11:294n, 11:355, 11:357, 11:360
and J. Madison, 18:429
medallion of, 18:162
memoir of, 8:478
mentioned, 3:114, 3:512, 3:538, 5:189, 9:96, 9:201, 10:253, 12:105, 12:230, 16:27, 17:265, 17:347
and merino sheep, 2:39, 7:404
on neutral powers, 2:242
and D. Parker (of Paris), 10:323
plans to visit U.S., 18:300
plans to write TJ, 4:325, 7:505
and P. Poinsot’s consular ambitions, 16:52
and J. L. Poirey’s military service claims, 12:299, 12:300n, 12:355n, 13:140, 13:141n, 13:414, 13:435, 14:108, 14:111, 14:199, 16:494
portraits of, 8:239, 10:398, 18:162
proposed biography of, 8:478–8:479, 19:427
recommends L. P. G. de Lormerie, 1:342
recommends F. De Masson, 8:250, 8:251n
retirement of, 9:69, 9:300, 9:301n, 9:377, 10:323
and B. Rivadavia, 12:621
sends dogs, 1:376, 1:457, 6:511
sends greetings to TJ, 3:198
sends merino sheep, 1:529, 1:537–1:538, 1:629
sends works to TJ, 16:137, 19:609, 20:286
and W. Short, 5:215n, 19:230
and slavery in U.S., 16:493–16:494, 17:254–17:255, 18:425–18:426
and South American independence, 9:391, 11:354–11:355, 12:247–12:248, 16:493, 18:425, 20:369
speeches of, 16:137, 17:254, 17:255n
Madame de Staël Holstein on, 5:450, 11:117, 11:118n
and Madame de Tessé, 1:528, 1:593–1:594, 1:627, 7:35, 7:536
G. Ticknor carries letter to, 9:560, 11:281
TJ forwards letter of , 8:482
TJ introduces T. P. Barton to, 17:98, 17:114–17:115, 17:115
TJ introduces L. H. Girardin to, 8:478–8:479
TJ introduces W. B. Lawrence to, 17:219, 17:219–17:220
TJ introduces Mr. Wilson to, 17:50
TJ on, 3:504, 11:174, 14:108, 17:219–17:220, 17:340, 19:101
TJ sends greetings to, 3:443, 3:444n
and TJ’s health, 14:31, 16:135, 16:493, 20:285, 20:287, 20:370
toasts honoring, 17:289
travels of, 2:11, 2:13, 2:16
and U.S. peace commission, 7:542–7:543
visits U.S., 20:482
works sent to, 13:568n
Lafayette, Oscar Thomas Gilbert du Motier de (Lafayette’s grandson)
birth of, 9:69
Laffitte, Jacques
election of, 12:39
Laffitte, Jacques, & Compagnie (Paris firm). See Jacques Laffitte & Compagnie (Paris firm)
Lafitau, Joseph François
Mœurs des Sauvages Ameriquains, 5:122–5:123, 5:125n, 5:182, 6:324
Lafite, Château (wine), 9:513
Lafões, João Carlos de Bragança de Sousa Ligne Tavares Mascarenhas da Silva, duque de, 12:153
Lafolie, Charles Jean
Mémoires Historiques relatifs a la fonte et a l’élévation de la Statue Équestre de Henri IV sur le terre-plein du Pont-Neuf a Paris, 15:393n
Lafon, Bartholemew
“Plan of the City and Environs of New Orleans,”, 2:525, 3:486, 3:488n
La Fontaine, Jean de
in collegiate curriculum, 7:665
fables of, 14:614, 14:615n, 19:147, 19:149n
on Plato, 7:454
La Forest. See Mathurin, Antoine René Charles, comte de La Forest
La Gasca y Segura, Mariano
seeks professorship in U.S., 15:156–15:157n
Lagrange. See Bouillon-Lagrange, Edme Jean Baptiste
La Grange (Lafayette’s French estate), 1:270n, 1:529, 2:15, 2:17, 7:540, 7:541, 9:69, 10:323, 18:302n
Lagrange, Joseph Louis
praised, 7:661
referenced, 20:581
Théorie des Fonctions Analytiques, 13:314n, 20:292
La Grange, Nicolas de
edits and translates Lucrece, [De la Nature des Choses] Traduction Nouvelle, avec des Notes (Lucretius), 14:511
translates Oeuvres de Séneque le philosophe (Seneca), 10:233, 10:236–10:237n, 12:534, 14:511
La Grange et de Fourilles, Adélaïde Blaise François Le Lièvre, marquis de, 1:372
La Harpe, Benard de
“Journal historique Concernant l’Etablissement des françois à la Louisianne” , 9:445–9:446, 9:447n, 9:516, 9:518, 9:518n, 9:658, 9:658–9:659n, 9:710, 12:156, 12:157n, 12:294–12:295, 12:295, 12:296n, 12:331–12:332, 12:371
Journal Historique de l’Établissement des Français a la Louisiane (ed. A. L. Boimare), 9:659n
La Harpe, Frédéric César de
as educator, 16:60
tutor of Alexander I, 7:506, 8:671n, 9:110–9:111
La Harpe, Jean François de
J. Adams reads, 11:268
Correspondance Littéraire, 10:589
criticism of, 10:13
Lycée ou Cours De Littérature Ancienne Et Moderne, 7:26
writings of, 6:302, 7:481, 10:306
Lahay (Lahy), Michael
and University of Virginia, 16:308, 17:623, 17:629n
Lahontan, Louis Armand de Lom d’Arce, baron de
New Voyages to North-America, 10:486
Laibach, Congress of, 17:253, 17:253, 17:255n
Lakanal, Joseph
identified, 9:268n
introduced by Lafayette, 9:300, 10:276, 18:580
introduced by A. Thoüin, 9:267–9:268
letter from, 10:107–10:109
letter to, 10:276–10:277
moves to Ky., 9:267–9:268, 9:300, 10:107, 10:276
as president of Orleans College, 18:580
proposed book of, 10:107–10:108, 10:276–10:277
Lake Champlain
fort on, 11:568, 11:569n
natural history of, 7:357
proposed canal to, 11:219n, 11:259, 11:280–11:281
Vt. militia crosses, 8:112, 8:112n
Lake Erie
O. H. Perry’s naval victory on, 6:524, 6:524n, 6:531, 6:546n, 7:11, 7:14, 7:56, 7:57n, 7:88, 7:89n, 8:259, 8:263
proposed canal to, 3:459–3:460, 3:597–3:598, 4:160, 4:161n, 11:219n, 11:259, 11:280–11:281, 11:339, 11:357–11:358, 11:358n, 11:360, 11:364–11:365, 11:376–11:377, 11:415, 11:434–11:435, 11:448
steamboats on, 12:401, 12:402n
survey on, 3:437
and War of 1812, 7:531, 18:311, 20:488, 20:566
Lake George, N.Y.
W. Short on, 8:687
Lake Ontario
proposed canal to, 3:459–3:460
and War of 1812, 7:10, 7:14, 7:531
Lake Superior
copper mines along, 12:411, 12:453–12:454, 12:454n
Lalande, Joseph Jérôme Le Français de
J. Adams on, 9:527, 10:7
Astronomie, 4:244, 4:244n, 7:626, 10:235
as educator, 16:325
Histoire des Mathématiques, 6:381, 7:250, 7:626, 10:235, 12:344
and W. Lambert’s calculations, 4:253, 4:260, 5:249
mentioned, 7:480, 18:356
praised, 7:661
Tables de Logarithmes pour les Nombres et Pour les Sinus, 13:342–13:343n, 13:358, 13:394, 13:394, 13:474, 13:474, 13:474, 13:474–13:475n, 13:476, 13:477n, 13:524, 13:561, 13:561, 14:215, 15:133, 15:160
TJ on, 15:232
Lallemand, François Antoine, baron, 1:372
La Luzerne, Anne César, chevalier de, 10:115, 10:117n, 17:330, 17:344, 17:376n, 17:377n
La Luzerne, César Henri, comte de
as government minister, 17:357, 17:364, 17:364, 17:364, 17:368–17:369, 17:369, 17:377n
Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de
Encyclopédie Méthodique: Botanique, 17:546, 17:546–17:547n
Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertèbres, 12:33, 14:168
praised, 7:661
works of, 11:192, 12:33
La Marck, Marie Françoise Augustine Ursule Le Danois de Cernay, comtesse de, 2:10
lamb, 14:383, 14:632
Lamb, George
translates The Poems of Caius Valerius Catullus (G. V. Catullus), 17:535
Lamb, John Fergusson
identified, 18:105n
letter from, 18:105
and medical education at University of Virginia, 18:105
Lambarde, William
Archaionomia, 7:126, 7:127
Eirenarcha: or Of the office of the Iustices of peace, 3:546
Lambert, John
letters to, 4:164
as U.S. senator, 4:163, 4:164n, 11:182
Lambert, William
Abstracts of Calculations, to ascertain the Longitude of the Capitol, in the City of Washington, 12:86, 13:314, 13:314n, 18:505
and American Philosophical Society, 5:251, 5:311, 7:436, 7:437n, 7:486
astronomical calculations, 2:54, 2:55n, 4:634–4:637, 5:311, 18:505, 18:505–18:510, 18:528, 18:539, 19:628
calculates latitude and longitude of U.S. Capitol, 4:275, 4:651–4:660, 12:86, 18:287, 18:314, 18:505, 18:508, 18:528, 18:539, 18:539–18:545, 19:628
calculates Monticello’s longitude, 4:235–4:236, 4:239, 4:246, 4:247–4:266, 4:276, 4:368, 4:369, 4:402–4:406, 4:407, 8:455, 8:456n
clerk of the House of Representatives, 1:275, 1:359n, 1:512
congratulates TJ, 1:54–1:55, 1:237–1:238
and domestic manufactures, 1:560–1:562
on House of Representatives, 1:274–1:275, 1:534–1:535
identified, 1:54–1:55n
and latitude calculations, 3:367n
letters from, 1:54–1:55, 1:274–1:276, 1:356–1:359, 1:489–1:498, 1:534–1:535, 1:539–1:540, 1:560–1:562, 2:54–2:55, 2:60–2:68, 2:337–2:338, 2:398–2:399, 2:566, 3:285, 4:235–4:236, 4:275–4:276, 4:402–4:406, 4:407–4:408, 4:634–4:637, 4:651–4:660, 5:245–5:251, 7:436–7:437, 12:86, 14:559, 18:287, 18:505, 18:528–18:529, 18:539, 19:33, 19:208–19:209, 19:210–19:211, 19:628–19:629
letters from accounted for, 2:68n
letters to, 1:237–1:238, 1:511–1:512, 2:541, 4:368–4:369, 18:314, 18:515, 19:197–19:201
letters to accounted for, 2:54–2:55n, 14:559n
lunar calculations, 1:539–1:540, 1:540–1:554, 2:54, 2:60–2:68, 5:245–5:251, 18:505, 18:505–18:510, 18:528, 18:539, 18:539–18:545
and Message from the President of the United States, transmitting a Report of William Lambert, on the subject of the Longitude of the Capitol of the United States. January 9, 1822, 18:287, 18:314, 18:508, 18:543–18:544, 19:211, 19:211n
ode for Fourth of July by, 2:399, 2:400–2:401
and prime meridian, 1:275–1:276, 1:356–1:358, 1:359n, 1:489–1:498, 1:511–1:512, 1:534–1:535, 2:54, 2:55n, 2:337–2:338, 2:398–2:399, 2:541, 2:566, 3:285, 3:367n, 18:314, 19:211, 19:628–19:629
proposes reformation of Gregorian calendar, 7:436–7:437, 7:486
as State Department clerk, 14:559
Table for Computing the Moon’s Motion, with Explanations, 1:540–1:554, 1:571–1:572, 1:608–1:609, 1:609n
Table of Logarithms, 19:33, 19:33–19:36
and TJ’s method of calculating longitude and latitude, 19:197–19:201, 19:208–19:209, 19:210–19:211
To the Critical Reviewers of Boston, 3:285
and University of Virginia, 18:287, 18:505, 18:510, 18:515, 18:528–18:529, 18:539, 19:33
and western exploration, 19:211
Lamberti, Thomas
letter from, 14:271
plans trip to New Orleans, 14:271
requests loan from TJ, 14:271
Lambrecht, Mr.
and Lafayette, 7:537
Lameth, Alexandre Théodore Victor
and French Constitution of 1791, 17:370
and French Revolution, 8:504, 8:508n
Lameth, Charles Malo François, 8:504, 8:508n
Lamétherie, Jean Claude de
as geologist, 2:551, 2:552n
Théorie de La Terre, 8:429, 8:429, 8:429–8:430n
writings of, 14:168
Lamoignon, Chrétine François de
as keeper of the seals, 17:358, 17:378n
La Motte, François Claude Adam. See Delamotte, François Claude Adam
La Motte, Jeanne de Saint Remy de Valois, comtesse de
Vie de Jeanne de St. Remy de Valois, ci-devant Comtesse de La Motte (included in Book of Kings compiled by TJ; see also Book of Kings), 8:33, 8:34n, 8:240
works on, 8:309, 8:310n
lampblack, 16:8, 17:7, 18:50, 19:15
Lampredi, Giovanni Maria, 7:688
lamps
alabaster, 1:190, 1:309, 20:126
at Bell Rock lighthouse, 4:362–4:363
W. Lewis’s, 12:378, 12:380n, 13:5
used in lighthouses, 18:185, 18:216
safety, 11:501
as scientific equipment, 20:611, 20:611, 20:612, 20:612, 20:637, 20:638
spirit, 20:612, 20:613n
Lancaster, Joseph
The British System of Education, 9:443n, 9:502, 9:503n, 9:529
educational system of, 10:45, 10:336, 10:338, 10:390–10:391, 10:481, 10:482n, 12:39, 12:402n, 16:29n, 16:60, 16:325, 17:388, 18:142, 20:375
Improvements in Education, 1:662, 1:662n, 9:530n
Lancaster Schuylkill Bridge, 16:34, 16:34–16:35n
Lance, William
identified, 4:106n
letters from, 4:105–4:107
letter to, 4:175+
letters to accounted for, 4:107n
An Oration, delivered on the Fourth of July, 1816, In St. Michael’s Church, S. C. by appointment of the ’76 Association, 11:530n
and Seventy-Six Association, 4:105, 4:106n, 4:175+
Lancelot, Claude
as grammarian, 19:407, 19:409n, 20:546, 20:548n
Le Jardin des Racines Greques, 10:234
A New Method Of learning with Facility the Latin Tongue (trans. T. Nugent), 17:536, 17:537n
A New Method Of learning with greater Facility the Greek Tongue (trans. T. Nugent), 17:536, 17:537n, 20:527, 20:527n
The Primitives of the Greek Tongue (trans. T. Nugent), 10:358, 12:313, 12:356, 17:536, 17:537n
land conveyances. See indentures
Landon, Charles Paul
Description de Paris et de ses Édifices, 12:107
edits Annales du Musée et de l’école moderne des beaux-arts, 12:107
Landriot
French publisher, 13:343n
Landrum, Mr.
and J. Monroe’s Highland estate, 19:397
Landsdown, Lord. See Lansdowne, Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3d Marquess of
Lane, Mr. (boatman), 20:252, 20:382
Lane, John
death of, 17:609n
visits J. W. Eppes, 12:7
Lane, Ralph, 11:293+, 11:293n+
Lane, Sally (Sarah) Eppes (John Wayles Eppes’s sister; John Lane’s wife)
business affairs of, 17:608, 17:609n
visits J. W. Eppes, 12:7
Lane, Samuel
assaulted by J. Dougherty, 14:544–14:545
as commissioner of public buildings, 12:196, 12:278, 12:278, 12:520, 12:641, 14:545, 15:320–15:321n
Lane & Smiths (Baltimore firm), 20:633
Lane’s Ordinary (Fairfax Co.), 1:52n, 8:290
Langdon, John
biography of proposed, 15:546–15:547
correspondence with TJ, 15:496, 15:497, 15:510–15:511, 15:546
correspondence with S. Ringgold, 19:331, 19:332n
death of, 15:235
family of, 20:631
as governor of N.H., 2:348
identified, 2:231–2:232n
letters from, 2:230–2:232
letters to, 2:274–2:277, 7:365
as member of Continental Congress, 6:184n
and political situation, 2:230–2:231, 2:274–2:277
TJ introduces W. C. Rives to, 7:365
TJ on, 13:25
TJ sends batture pamphlet to, 4:624
Lange, Abraham
Augusta Co. innkeeper, 13:230, 13:231, 13:232, 13:519
identified, 13:519–13:520n
letter from accounted for, 13:599n
letters to, 13:519–13:520, 13:599
letter to accounted for, 13:520n
and seeds for TJ, 13:519, 13:599
Langhorne, Frances Steptoe, 12:237n
Langhorne, John
Letters Supposed to have passed between M. De St. Evremond and Mr. Waller, 19:506, 19:509n
translates Lives (Plutarch), 1:580
Langhorne, William
translates Lives (Plutarch), 1:580
Langland, William
The Vision of Pierce Plowman, 1:390, 1:397n, 9:633, 9:633n
Langley, Batty
Pomona: or, The Fruit-Garden Illustrated, 2:82, 11:165
Langon (wine), 9:513
language See also Anglo-Saxon (Old English) language; English language; French language; German language; Greek language; Italian language; Latin language; Spanish language
Arabic, 8:3, 8:5
books on
books on French, 2:27n, 5:557
books on Spanish, 2:32n
bound pamphlets on, 13:456, 13:457n
Catalan, 12:47
Chinese, 1:518, 1:518n, 7:480, 13:124, 13:124n, 13:142
collegiate education in, 12:3–12:4, 12:76, 12:76, 12:85, 12:120, 12:124, 12:150, 12:201, 12:204, 12:467, 13:301, 14:150, 14:345–14:346, 14:347–14:348, 14:517, 14:519, 14:589–14:590, 16:628, 16:629n, 19:558–19:559, 19:570, 20:154, 20:457, 20:512
Coptic, 8:3
Danish, 13:237
Erse, 16:85n
French training of T. J. Randolph, 1:520, 1:557
Gaelic, 7:560, 7:561n, 8:3
Hebrew, 7:715, 8:5, 9:652, 13:570, 13:570n, 14:269, 17:466
Indian (American), 1:205, 1:269, 1:520–1:521, 1:555–1:557, 1:599n, 1:651–1:652, 3:596, 3:596, 3:596–3:597, 3:616, 7:181, 7:182n, 7:243, 7:281, 9:65, 9:65–9:66, 9:372–9:373, 9:373n, 10:377, 10:377, 10:444, 10:445, 11:126–11:127, 11:454, 12:171, 12:172, 12:236, 12:250, 12:250–12:251, 12:294, 12:295n, 12:295–12:296n, 12:331, 12:385–12:386, 12:386n, 12:636n, 12:637, 13:90, 13:90, 13:90, 14:132n, 16:79, 16:79–16:85, 16:107–16:109, 16:109–16:110, 16:118, 16:118–16:120, 16:132–16:133, 16:133, 16:261–16:262, 16:459, 18:198, 18:225, 18:356, 19:348, 20:514n
Irish, 16:85n
neology, 7:209, 7:514, 9:632–9:633, 13:96, 16:194–16:195, 16:571
Persian, 8:6, 11:351, 11:351n, 11:441
philosophy of, 15:223–15:224
and phonics, 2:306–2:307, 2:308n
Portuguese, 13:238
Punic, 7:560, 7:561n
Russian, 1:556, 7:480
Sanskrit, 7:480, 8:3
sign, 1:662, 1:662n
study of, 5:359+, 7:357, 7:480, 7:481n, 7:658, 7:660–7:661, 7:666, 7:686, 8:3, 10:370–10:372, 10:516, 10:542, 12:15–12:16, 12:249–12:250, 12:259, 12:291–12:292, 16:29n, 16:65, 16:65, 16:77, 16:325, 18:9, 18:225, 20:87, 20:292, 20:292
Swedish, 13:237, 16:109, 16:109–16:110
TJ on study of, 4:162–4:163, 7:243, 7:447, 7:637, 7:638, 7:640, 7:641, 8:13, 8:341, 9:372–9:373, 9:626
TJ on translation, 9:353, 9:354n
translations by TJ, 3:11–3:15, 3:21–3:23, 3:652, 10:594
translations by D. B. Warden, 1:142
Welsh, 16:85n
Lania (TJ’s slave; b. 1805)
on Monticello slave lists, 4:388, 12:303
L. Annæi Flori Epitome Rerum Romanarum (L. A. Florus; ed. J. G. Graevius), 14:511
Lannes, Jean, Duc de Montebello, 1:371, 1:372
Lannes, Louise Antoinette, Duchesse de Montebello
and D. B. Warden, 7:490, 7:491n
Lansdowne, George Granville, Baron
correspondence of, 17:460n
Lansdowne, Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3d Marquess of
British politician, 7:541, 15:469, 15:470n
Lansdowne, William Petty, 2d Earl of Shelburne and 1st Marquess of
family of, 15:469, 15:470n, 15:470n
on taxation, 7:299
lanterns, 1:303, 12:378, 12:380n, 13:5, 18:185, 18:216
Lantier, Étienne François
Voyages d’Antenor en Grèce et en Asie, avec des notions sur l’Égypte, 20:115n, 20:282
Lanusse, Paul, 6:436
Lapa, Manoel de Almeida e Vasconcellos, Visconde da
Portuguese official, 19:356
La Pérouse, Jean François de Galalup, comte de
Voyage de La Pérouse autour du Monde, 1:445–1:449
Lapie, Pierre
Carte réduite de la Mer Méditerranée et de la mer Noire, 1:247–1:248, 15:579, 15:579n
Laplace, Pierre Simon, marquis de
Americans correspond with, 4:196
Analyse du Traite de Mécanique Céleste de P. S. Laplace (J. B. Biot), 13:314n
as astronomer, 9:85, 12:442, 12:619, 14:153
error of detected, 4:634
Exposition du Systême du Monde, 1:348, 1:349n, 1:357, 1:491, 13:342, 13:359, 13:494, 13:525, 20:500, 20:520, 20:530
mentioned, 14:323, 20:292, 20:581
praised, 7:661
Traité de Mécanique Céleste, 12:566n, 13:342, 13:359, 13:494, 13:525, 14:45, 17:410, 20:469
A Treatise of Celestial Mechanics (trans. H. H. Harte) , 20:633
J. Wood’s book sent to, 2:171
works of, 20:582
Laporte, Alexander
letter from accounted for, 14:273n
Laporte, Arnaud de
as government minister, 17:364
Laporte, E.
letter from accounted for, 18:257n
Laporte, Peter (Victoire Laporte’s husband) See also Laporte’s boardinghouse (Charlottesville)
family of, 14:210, 14:274, 14:294, 14:425, 14:425, 14:438, 15:239, 15:239n, 15:243, 15:484, 17:119–17:120, 17:231–17:232
finances of, 16:77, 16:78n, 16:190n, 18:256
health of, 15:484
and J. B. Herard, 15:266
identified, 14:273n
letters from, 14:383, 14:528, 14:571–14:572, 15:270, 15:484
letters to, 14:272–14:273, 14:382–14:383, 15:280
patents of, 17:119–17:120, 17:149–17:150, 17:232n
T. M. Randolph as security for, 17:156
requests loan of carriage, 15:484
tavern of, 13:230, 13:230, 13:231, 13:232, 14:425, 15:141, 15:142n
TJ as security for, 15:270, 15:280, 15:379n, 15:397, 15:397n, 17:156, 17:176
TJ’s debt to, 15:425, 15:426, 16:366n, 16:376n
travels of, 17:119–17:120
and University of Virginia, 16:475, 16:479
visits Monticello, 15:141
Laporte, Victoire (Peter Laporte’s wife)
identified, 17:120n
letters from, 17:119–17:120, 17:231–17:232, 18:256–18:257
letters from accounted for, 17:120n, 17:232n, 18:257n
letter to, 17:149–17:150
requests assistance from TJ, 18:256–18:257
seeks information on husband, 17:119–17:120, 17:149–17:150, 17:231–17:232
TJ provides credit for, 17:176, 17:212n, 17:232
Laportea canadensis. See nettle, wood
La Porte Du Theil, François Jean Gabriel de
translates Théatre d’Æschyle (Aeschylus), 15:26, 15:490, 15:491n
Laporte’s boardinghouse (Charlottesville) See also Laporte, Peter
advertisement for, 14:425, 15:109, 15:109n
bedding for, 14:383n, 14:425, 14:528, 15:378
boarders at, 14:210, 14:268, 14:274, 14:294, 14:383n, 14:472, 14:517, 14:519, 14:525–14:526, 14:640, 15:12, 15:270, 15:280, 16:24
charges for boarding at, 14:272, 14:294, 14:383n, 14:425, 14:439, 15:270, 15:280, 15:378, 15:379n, 16:24
closing of, 16:77, 16:190n
fare served at, 14:382, 14:383n, 14:383, 14:425, 14:425
French language spoken at, 14:210, 14:274, 14:294, 14:425, 14:425, 14:438–14:439, 14:512, 14:517, 14:519, 14:525–14:526, 14:571, 15:141, 15:241, 15:243
location of, 16:26n
misbehavior of boarders, 15:140–15:141, 15:500n
opening of, 14:210, 14:261, 14:272–14:273, 14:294, 14:383n, 14:383n, 14:425
Laporte’s Tavern (Augusta Co.), 13:230, 13:230, 13:231, 13:232, 14:425
lard
in New Englanders’ diet, 14:420
price of, 17:26
as scab remedy, 5:182n
sent to TJ, 12:324, 13:566, 15:311, 16:470–16:471
La Révellière Lépeaux, Louis Marie de, 10:44
Large, Daniel
and hydrostatic engines, 7:232
La Rivière. See Le Mercier de La Rivière, Paul Pierre
La Roche, Martin Lefèbvre de (abbé), 3:9, 3:17, 3:87, 3:89n, 3:330
La Rochefoucauld, Alexandrine Charlotte Sophie de Rohan-Chabot, duchesse de. See Castellane, Alexandrine Charlotte Sophie de Rohan-Chabot, marquise de
La Rochefoucauld, François de
J. Adams on, 6:228, 6:287, 6:296
criticized, 7:220
on marriage, 7:403, 7:405n
maxims of, 9:433, 9:434n, 19:505
La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de
friendship with J. L. Guillemard, 9:134, 9:135n
friendship with J. de Lespinasse, 14:30
reports to Louis XVI, 17:366, 17:378n
La Romana, José Caro, marquês, 2:247, 2:248n
La Rouërie, Armand Charles Tuffin, marquis de, 2:74
La Rue, Charles de
edits Opera. Interpretatione et Notis (Virgil; Delphin edition), 8:660, 9:274, 9:464, 9:538, 9:639, 13:33, 13:33, 13:47, 13:47
Lasalle, Philippe de, 2:591
La Salle, René Robert Cavelier de
and settlement of La., 9:445, 9:479, 10:627, 11:460n
travels of, 20:164
Las Cases, Emmanuel Auguste Dieudonné Marin Joseph, comte de (A. Le Sage)
Atlas Historique, Généalogique, Chronologique et Géographique, 3:552, 3:552n, 3:578
Genealogical, chronological, historical, and geographical atlas, 4:325–4:326, 4:326n, 5:7, 5:83, 5:114, 5:211, 5:436, 7:90
Memorial de Sainte Helene. Journal of the Private Life and Conversations of the Emperor Napoleon at Saint Helena, 19:546, 19:547n, 19:569, 19:584, 19:669, 20:329, 20:348, 20:349, 20:349n, 20:481
Mémorial de Sainte-Hélène, ou Journal ou se trouve consigné, jour par jour, ce qu’a dit et fait Napoléon durant dix-huit mois, 19:517, 19:517n, 19:546, 20:155
work of sent to M. J. Randolph, 5:7, 5:436, 7:90
La Serna de Santander, Carlos Antonio
Catalogue des Livres de la Bibliotheque de M. C. de la Serna Santander, 8:559, 8:561, 8:562n
owns Bollandist manuscript, 8:559, 8:561
Last Day. A Poem In Three Books (Young), 6:297
Lasteyrie du Saillant, Louis, marquis de (Lafayette’s son-in-law), 2:17
Lasteyrie du Saillant, Virginie, marquise de (Lafayette’s daughter)
family of, 17:254, 17:255n, 18:428, 19:230, 19:231n
sends greetings to TJ, 4:359
Lasteyrie-Dusaillant, Charles Philibert, comte De
agricultural report of, 2:83
Du Cotonnier et de sa Culture, 1:37, 2:83, 11:164
Du Pastel, de l’indigotier, 3:461–3:462, 10:471
identified, 3:115n
introduces G. Flower, 9:667, 10:299, 10:559, 10:560, 10:592, 11:124
letters from, 3:114–3:115, 3:461–3:462, 9:667–9:669
as lithographer, 9:667
sends books on arts and sciences, 3:114, 3:115n, 3:461–3:462
sends greetings to TJ, 1:141
Traité sur les Bêtes-à-Laine d’Espagne, 2:83, 11:164
A Treatise on the Culture, Preparation, History and Analysis of Pastel, or Woad (trans. H. A. S. Dearborn), 3:462n, 10:471
Lastri, Marco Antonio
Corso di agricoltura, 11:164
Latham, William
identified, 17:97n
letter from, to W. Maury, 17:97
and J. Maury’s consulship, 17:96, 17:97, 17:509
as J. Maury’s partner, 5:253, 5:253n, 17:96
Latimer, George
recommends J. L. Cathcart, 17:461
Latimer (Latemer), W. G.
and University of Virginia, 19:54
Latin America
religion in, 16:590
revolutions in, 4:359, 7:14–7:15, 7:29, 12:247–12:248, 16:528–16:529
TJ on liberation of, 7:14–7:15, 7:29–7:30, 10:373–10:375
in F. A. Van der Kemp’s proposed book, 4:506, 4:508
Latin and English Dictionary abridged (R. Ainsworth), 1:35, 17:221
Latin language
applicants to teach at University of Virginia, 16:426, 16:502, 19:443, 20:414
of G. Buchanan, 2:215
collegiate education in, 12:3–12:4, 12:33, 12:120, 12:120, 12:509, 13:195, 13:195–13:196, 13:214, 13:215–13:216, 13:218, 13:233, 13:278, 13:402, 14:132, 14:551, 14:589, 17:376n, 19:42, 19:44n, 20:458
dictionaries, 6:387, 8:660, 9:274, 9:274, 9:276, 9:277n, 10:235, 10:235, 10:237n, 10:358, 12:439, 14:193, 14:221, 14:240, 14:258, 14:265, 14:266, 14:286, 15:450, 15:452n, 17:211, 17:221
documents in, by
T. de Bry, 7:614–7:615
T. J. O’Flaherty, 19:443–19:444
S. G. Tucker, 1:617–1:619
elementary education in, 13:195–13:196, 13:215, 17:231, 17:541, 19:590
and etymology, 16:224, 16:257
E. Everett on, 20:546–20:547
glossaries, 13:342, 13:358, 13:394, 13:474, 13:494, 13:561
letters in, from
F. Glass, 18:552–18:554
pronunciation of, 14:153
and Randolph family, 19:454n
study of, 3:327–3:328, 3:372, 3:501, 4:131, 4:372, 4:648, 6:65, 7:447, 7:658, 7:659, 7:660–7:661, 7:662–7:663, 7:666, 7:685–7:686, 8:13, 8:200, 8:446–8:447, 8:449n, 8:482, 8:482, 8:513, 8:514, 9:251, 9:607, 9:626, 10:358, 10:358, 10:664, 11:112, 11:233, 11:261, 11:409, 11:625, 11:626–11:627, 13:237, 13:537, 14:251, 14:257–14:258, 14:276, 14:280, 14:294, 14:323, 14:351, 14:425, 14:438, 14:516, 14:519, 14:566n, 15:242n, 16:29n, 16:280, 16:329, 16:329–16:330, 18:79n, 18:161, 18:399, 18:556, 18:659, 20:279, 20:364
thesauri, 17:535
TJ on, 7:447, 9:607–9:608, 11:252, 12:206, 14:629–14:631, 18:79n
TJ quotes proverb in, 19:112n
TJ studies, 17:309–17:310
verses in requested, 9:264–9:266, 9:374–9:375
works in, 16:208–16:209, 16:219, 16:236–16:237, 16:258, 16:290, 16:290n, 16:330, 16:393, 16:530, 18:32, 18:242n, 18:278, 18:552–18:553, 18:554n, 18:583–18:584, 19:478, 19:669, 19:696, 20:323
latitude
and calculation of longitude, 15:288, 18:505, 19:199, 19:208
calculations for Monticello, 9:70, 9:415, 11:40, 12:618
calculations for Natural Bridge, 9:26n, 9:36, 9:36n
calculations for Peaks of Otter, 9:18, 9:36, 9:36, 9:36–9:37n, 9:173, 13:385, 13:385n
calculations for Poplar Forest, 3:361–3:367, 3:563+, 9:245–9:246, 10:514–10:515
calculations for U.S. Capitol, 18:287, 18:540, 18:543–18:544, 18:545, 19:35–19:36
calculations for Willis’s Mountain, 10:xlvii–10:xlviii, 10:571–10:572
W. King’s method of calculating, 12:643–12:644, 13:84–13:85, 13:119–13:120
logarithms for calculating, 19:35–19:36
and maps of Va., 16:99, 16:100
of Norwich, Vt., 9:241
and political boundary lines, 15:276n, 19:23, 19:66–19:67, 19:67, 19:68n
TJ’s method for calculating, 19:200–19:201
and western exploration, 19:197, 19:198, 19:211
Latour, Chatêau (wine), 9:513
Latour, Géraud Calixte Jean Baptiste Arsène Lacarrière
Historical Memoir of the War in West Florida and Louisiana in 1814–15, 9:129n
identified, 9:103n
letter from, 9:103
letter to, 9:128–9:129
Proposals, for Publishing by Subscription, The History of the War in Louisiana & West Florida, 9:103, 9:103n, 9:128–9:129
witnesses deed, 3:478n
La Tour-du-Pin Gouvernet, Jean Frédéric, comte de
as government minister, 17:368
La Tour-Maubourg, Anastasie, comtesse de (Lafayette’s daughter)
family of, 18:428, 18:428
inheritance of, 2:17
marriage contract with, 2:16
sends greetings to TJ, 4:359
La Tour-Maubourg, Célestine de (Lafayette’s granddaughter) , 17:254, 17:255n
La Tour-Maubourg, Charles, comte de (Lafayette’s son-in-law), 2:17
La Tour-Maubourg, Marie Charles César de Fay, comte de
and French Constitution of 1791, 17:370, 17:378n
Latreille, Pierre André, 14:387
La Trémoïlle, Marie Geneviève de Durfort, duchesse de, 2:10, 2:15
Latrobe, Benjamin
J. Bruce introduced to, 11:613
Latrobe, Benjamin Henry
and alterations to U.S. Capitol’s design, 8:595–8:596, 8:596n
and Annapolis naval depot, 12:519
Anniversary Oration, 3:624, 3:625n
and J. Barlow’s letter, 5:576, 5:577n
and E. F. Bond’s application, 5:525, 5:526n
and builders’ prices, 12:159, 12:196, 12:278, 12:519–12:520, 13:612
and capitals (architectural), 1:473, 1:475n, 1:595, 10:xlvii, 10:350, 10:350 (illus.) , 10:350, 10:351n, 10:510–10:511, 10:511 (illus.) , 11:xlv–11:xlvi, 11:232 (illus.) , 11:481, 11:481n, 11:481n, 11:535, 11:572, 12:143
and carving for TJ, 4:66, 4:459, 5:206–5:207
and Central College craftsmen, 11:535, 11:571, 11:571, 11:602, 11:610–11:611
and Central College design, 11:315, 11:431–11:432, 11:453, 11:479–11:480, 11:481n, 11:535, 11:563, 11:564–11:565, 11:586–11:587, 11:610–11:612, 11:649–11:650, 12:72–12:73, 12:94, 12:143, 12:638, 13:57–13:58
and Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, 16:33
and Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences, 11:144n, 11:144n
on conflict with TJ, 8:592–8:593
death of, 19:90
designs houses in Philadelphia, 4:63–4:64
designs Richmond penitentiary, 17:326
drawings by, 2:39, 2:40n, 2:106, 3:535–3:536, 3:537n, 3:581–3:582, 3:590–3:591, 8:594 (illus.) , 8:595 (illus.) , 12:72–12:73, 12:94, 12:143
edits J. Bruce’s work, 11:612–11:613, 11:614n
and expenses at U.S. Capitol, 5:205, 5:207n, 5:238, 5:239n
family of, 11:613, 11:614n, 12:72, 12:94, 12:519
to find work for J. Dougherty, 1:199
furnishes President’s House, 1:43n
health of, 10:510, 12:519, 12:639
identified, 1:474–1:475n
letters from, 1:473–1:475, 3:534–3:538, 3:624–3:625, 4:63–4:67, 5:205–5:207, 8:591–8:596, 10:510–10:511, 11:453, 11:479–11:481, 11:563–11:565, 11:571–11:572, 11:610–11:615, 12:72–12:73, 12:143, 12:196, 12:278, 12:519–12:521, 12:638–12:639
letters to, 1:595–1:596, 3:555–3:557, 4:459, 5:238–5:239, 8:479–8:480, 10:350–10:351, 11:431–11:432, 11:534–11:536, 11:586–11:588, 11:602, 11:649–11:650, 12:94, 12:159, 13:57–13:58
letter to, from W. Thackara, 12:278–12:279
mentioned, 6:216, 12:166
and J. Monroe, 12:520, 12:638–12:639, 12:639
Opinion on a Project for Removing the Obstructions to a Ship Navigation to Georgetown, Col., 12:521
oversees work at Washington Navy Yard, 4:64, 5:206
and payment for Italian sculptors, 1:78n, 1:113, 1:114n
A Private Letter to the Individual Members of Congress, 3:537n
and proposed marine hospital, 5:178, 5:179n, 5:206
proposed visit to Monticello, 1:366, 1:474, 1:595–1:596, 11:535, 11:565
as reference, 14:652
relocates to Washington, 8:591
resigns from work on U.S. Capitol, 12:196, 12:278, 12:638, 12:639, 12:643n, 13:58
seeks office, 7:165–7:166
and steamboats, 7:56–7:57, 8:591, 11:565, 11:565n
students of, 7:165–7:166, 7:166n
TJ recommends carpenters to, 8:479–8:480, 8:592
and TJ’s sundial, 10:xlvii, 10:350, 10:350 (illus.) , 10:350, 10:510, 11:432
and window glass for TJ, 2:80, 2:188, 2:346, 2:362, 5:298
works on Baltimore Merchants’ Exchange, 12:196
works on U.S. Capitol, 1:65, 1:92, 1:474n, 3:534–3:537, 3:555–3:556, 4:64–4:66, 4:67n, 5:205–5:206, 5:238, 5:359+, 8:479–8:480, 8:591–8:596, 10:510–10:511, 11:480–11:481, 12:143, 12:520–12:521, 12:638, 12:639–12:643, 19:226
Latrobe, Henry Sellon Boneval
as assistant clerk, 1:65n
death of, 12:72, 12:94
Latrobe, Mary Elizabeth Hazlehurst (Benjamin Henry Latrobe’s wife)
greetings from, 5:207, 8:596
Lattimer, Nancy
signs petition, 18:146
Lattimore, Hannah
signs petition, 18:146
Latting, Jacob
claims of against Spain, 12:142
identified, 12:142n
letter from, 12:142
Laud, William, archbishop of Canterbury, 5:387, 5:389, 6:145, 6:228
Lauffeld, Battle of (1747)
in F. A. Van der Kemp’s proposed book, 4:504
Launay, Bernard René Jourdan de
execution of, 17:365, 17:366
“Launcelot Light” (pseudonym)
A Sketch of the Rights of Boys and Girls, 18:228, 18:229n
Laurence, Mr. (sloop captain), 11:204
Laurence, John
and University of Virginia, 20:204, 20:226, 20:230
Laurens, Henry
diplomatic service of, 17:329
family of, 7:28
relationship with B. Franklin, 13:466
Laurent, Simon, 3:235, 3:237n, 3:484
Laurentii Vallæ de linguae Latinae Elegantia (L. Valla), 17:535
Laurie, Robert
A New Juvenile Atlas, and familiar introduction to the use of maps, 8:76, 8:77n, 8:78n
Laurie & Whittle (London firm)
map engravers, 7:70n
Laval, John
account with TJ, 14:384, 14:423, 14:467–14:468, 14:472, 15:425, 15:440, 15:463, 15:490, 16:40n, 17:403, 17:443, 17:526, 17:535, 18:358, 18:375, 18:376, 18:447, 18:529, 19:696, 20:481, 20:520
and books for TJ, 11:283–11:284, 14:221–14:222, 14:240, 14:266, 14:276, 14:351, 14:384, 14:423, 14:467–14:468, 14:505, 14:552, 15:440, 15:490, 15:503–15:504, 15:594, 15:607, 16:25, 16:40, 17:403, 17:443, 17:526, 17:535, 17:535–17:537, 18:73, 18:123, 18:197, 18:202, 18:358, 18:375, 18:376, 18:439, 18:447, 18:487, 19:517, 19:546, 19:569, 19:584, 19:669, 19:696, 19:696n, 20:64, 20:100, 20:101, 20:158–20:159, 20:182, 20:186, 20:329, 20:330n, 20:348–20:349, 20:349n, 20:481, 20:500, 20:520, 20:530
and N. G. Dufief’s business, 11:241, 11:247, 11:283–11:284, 13:513, 14:221–14:222, 14:467–14:468, 14:505, 18:376
identified, 11:284n
letter from accounted for, 15:504n
letters from, 11:283–11:284, 13:513, 14:240–14:241, 14:351, 14:467–14:468, 14:552, 15:440, 15:503–15:504, 15:607–15:608, 16:40, 17:443, 17:535, 18:123–18:124, 18:202, 18:375–18:376, 18:447, 18:529, 19:546–19:547, 19:584, 19:696, 20:158–20:159, 20:329–20:330, 20:481, 20:520
letters to, 14:221–14:222, 14:266, 14:276, 14:384, 14:423, 14:505, 15:463, 15:481, 15:490–15:491, 15:594, 16:25, 17:403, 17:526, 18:73, 18:197, 18:358, 18:439, 18:440, 18:487, 19:517, 19:569, 19:669, 20:101, 20:182, 20:348–20:349, 20:500, 20:530
letters to accounted for, 14:552n, 19:696n, 20:330n
payment made for TJ, 20:159, 20:329
as publisher, 19:546–19:547, 19:569
TJ pays, 15:481, 18:487, 18:487, 18:491, 19:696n, 20:500
TJ’s correspondence with, 18:440
Lavalette, Antoine Marie Chamans, comte de
escapes from prison, 12:95
La Vallière, Françoise Louise de la Baume Le Blanc de
print of, 11:403
La Vauguyon, Paul François de Quélen de Stuer de Caussade, duc de
as government minister, 17:357, 17:364
in F. A. Van der Kemp’s proposed book, 4:504
lavender
alternative names for, 10:215, 10:218n
grown in France, 10:216
qualities of, 10:216, 10:217
sent by S. Cathalan, 10:215, 10:216, 11:406, 11:531, 13:565, 13:585
Lavergné, Celestino , 5:85n
Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent
theories of, 10:68–10:69, 12:518, 18:625, 18:626n
Traité Élémentaire de Chimie, 7:626, 10:234, 20:469
law See also Virginia: laws of
agrarian, 4:168
books on, 1:158, 1:416, 2:28, 2:51, 2:103, 2:104n, 2:420, 2:521, 2:676, 2:676, 2:677, 3:173–3:176n, 3:236–3:237n, 3:546–3:547, 5:176, 5:176n, 5:245, 6:45, 6:122, 6:372, 6:374, 6:412–6:413, 6:445, 6:477, 6:479, 6:598, 7:125–7:127, 7:146–7:148, 7:228, 7:249, 7:249–7:250, 7:257–7:258, 7:292, 7:292n, 7:627–7:628, 7:683, 8:40, 8:151, 8:152n, 8:175, 8:179, 8:231, 8:235, 8:244, 8:285, 8:301, 8:328, 8:348–8:349, 8:388, 8:399, 8:630, 8:630, 8:630, 8:672, 8:672, 8:673n, 9:107, 9:107n, 9:129, 10:235, 10:390, 10:404, 10:404n, 10:417, 10:417, 10:428–10:429, 10:438, 10:452, 10:457, 10:486, 10:557n, 10:564–10:565, 10:569, 10:572, 10:617, 10:625, 11:352, 12:291, 12:291, 12:291, 12:337, 12:337, 12:364, 12:364, 12:400, 13:33, 13:47, 13:53, 13:53, 13:100, 13:107, 13:368–13:369, 13:369n, 14:78, 14:133, 14:146, 14:147n, 14:165, 14:166, 14:219, 14:222, 14:240, 14:445, 15:340, 15:391, 16:45, 16:162, 16:168–16:169, 16:211–16:212, 16:239, 16:240, 16:240, 16:241, 16:241, 16:260–16:261, 16:286, 16:364, 16:486, 16:499, 16:504n, 16:615, 16:640–16:642, 17:197, 17:210, 17:233, 17:402, 17:402n, 17:419, 17:419, 17:450, 17:450n, 17:538, 17:563, 18:239, 18:329, 18:330n, 18:334, 18:334–18:335, 18:335, 18:362, 18:367, 18:374, 18:381, 18:418n, 18:418n, 18:418n, 18:442–18:443, 18:446, 18:446n, 18:463, 18:467, 18:468n, 18:473, 18:473, 18:475, 18:488, 18:559, 18:580, 19:116, 19:402, 19:436, 19:437, 19:453, 19:459–19:460, 19:460–19:461n, 19:488–19:489, 19:672, 19:684, 19:687, 20:115n, 20:118, 20:118–20:119, 20:165–20:166, 20:261, 20:282, 20:288, 20:308n, 20:312, 20:314, 20:373n, 20:410, 20:411, 20:422
bound pamphlets on, 8:630, 13:456
British, 5:135–5:136, 7:125–7:127, 7:146–7:148, 7:190–7:191, 7:257, 7:688, 10:101, 10:557n, 10:564–10:565, 10:625, 11:369–11:370, 11:433, 16:640–16:642, 18:531, 19:97–19:98, 19:100n, 19:420
British sympathies of attorneys, 7:57–7:58, 7:248–7:249
chancery, 16:641
civil, 2:357, 2:521, 2:522, 2:526, 2:527, 2:678, 2:679, 3:31, 4:477, 7:688, 8:483–8:484, 10:302
collegiate education in, 7:480, 7:663, 7:668, 12:4, 12:26, 12:27, 12:76, 12:124, 12:333, 13:195, 13:195, 13:214, 13:214, 13:298–13:299, 13:403, 14:459, 16:628, 16:629n, 17:101, 17:328, 17:328, 19:570, 19:583, 19:633
common, 1:381–1:382, 2:357, 2:521, 2:522, 2:527, 2:532, 3:117, 3:144, 3:165, 4:293, 4:296–4:297n, 4:297–4:298, 4:300–4:301, 5:58–5:59, 5:135–5:136, 7:125–7:127, 7:146–7:148, 7:190–7:191, 7:217, 10:190–10:191, 11:369–11:370, 11:433, 14:219, 18:467, 18:468n, 20:473
compilations proposed, 7:257–7:258
and constitutions, 20:534–20:544
criminal, 1:382, 1:384n, 7:374–7:378
of distribution, 10:190–10:191, 10:192n
doom book, 7:125
P. S. Du Pont de Nemours on, 4:330–4:332
ecclesiastical, 16:642, 19:165
endorsement, property, and replevin, 9:277–9:278, 9:278n, 9:279–9:280, 10:190–10:191, 10:302, 18:364, 18:365–18:366n, 18:550, 18:576n
estate, 19:413–19:414, 19:649–19:650
feudal, 3:174–3:175n, 7:688
French, 2:676, 2:678, 3:47–3:48, 3:71, 3:73n, 3:130–3:132, 3:159–3:160, 3:203, 3:226–3:227, 3:236–3:237n, 4:477, 4:643n, 5:45–5:47, 5:576, 5:576–5:577n, 7:688
on gambling, 18:460, 18:580–18:581
Gentoo Code, 7:219, 7:221n
of Great Britain, 1:382, 1:424, 4:293, 4:294, 4:296–4:297n, 4:297–4:298, 4:299–4:300, 4:302n, 5:137n, 8:525, 8:526, 8:527n, 16:196, 16:603
and habeas corpus, 20:280
insolvency, 14:237
international, 16:296n, 16:642, 19:165, 19:406–19:407
Jewish, 3:124–3:125, 3:165
and judicial review, 1:380, 8:525–8:526, 16:287, 16:288, 16:288, 16:289n, 16:353–16:354, 16:483, 16:489, 18:364–18:365, 18:365–18:366n, 18:367, 18:367n, 18:378–18:379, 18:550–18:551, 18:576n, 18:576n, 20:119n
jurisprudence, 11:368–11:370, 11:432–11:434, 16:603
jus gentium principle, 10:627
and Latin writings, 14:630
Laws of Manu, 7:219, 7:221n
legal profession, 7:273, 12:465, 13:50, 16:557, 16:603, 20:414
legal writing, 12:16
Magna Carta, 7:67, 7:125, 7:126, 16:619
marital, 8:374, 8:376n
maritime, 7:688, 7:688n, 16:642, 19:165, 20:299n, 20:304n
martial, 1:571, 3:120–3:121, 10:422–10:423, 10:423n, 18:384
medical, 17:236
natural, 3:138–3:139, 3:142, 3:144, 10:557–10:558, 10:594, 12:441, 14:43, 16:296n
and perjury, 10:428–10:430, 10:497–10:499
professional education in, 7:639, 7:640, 7:688
and punishment of criminals, 12:484, 12:517, 14:78, 16:499, 20:164–20:165
T. M. Randolph on careers in, 17:304–17:305
Roman, 2:676, 3:47–3:48, 3:130–3:131, 3:133, 3:151n, 3:174n, 3:175n, 3:176n, 3:236n, 3:237n, 3:546, 4:502, 4:643n, 16:641, 19:165
Salic, 9:317
Spanish, 2:471, 2:678, 3:71, 3:160–3:161, 3:175n, 4:477, 4:643n, 18:239
study of, 3:276, 7:688, 8:341, 8:341, 8:342, 11:11, 14:550, 16:162, 16:495, 17:275–17:276, 17:493, 18:230n, 18:303, 18:475, 18:488, 18:488–18:489, 18:580, 19:116, 19:164–19:165, 19:166n, 19:436, 19:608n, 19:645n, 20:146, 20:261, 20:261, 20:499, 20:632
TJ on attorneys, 7:129, 7:248–7:249, 19:650
TJ on study of, 4:162, 7:626, 7:627–7:628, 7:628, 16:65, 16:640–16:642, 17:494, 18:334–18:335, 19:488–19:489, 20:410
TJ provides legal advice, 9:27–9:28, 9:42–9:43n, 9:44, 9:72–9:73, 9:93–9:94, 9:120–9:121, 10:190–10:191, 11:146–11:147, 11:478, 11:479, 11:485, 11:486, 11:514–11:520, 11:520n, 11:538, 11:538–11:539, 11:542, 14:246, 14:251, 14:254, 14:255, 14:646, 17:269–17:270, 19:649–19:650
TJ provides training in, 1:245, 1:389, 1:416, 2:28, 2:51, 2:77n, 2:259, 2:420
TJ refuses to intervene in case, 10:406–10:407
TJ studies, 17:310, 17:311
TJ’s legal commonplace book, 7:125, 7:130n, 7:151n, 7:190–7:191
and tyranny, 14:201
University of Virginia professorship of, 20:290, 20:297, 20:303, 20:322, 20:322, 20:322–20:323, 20:340–20:341, 20:363, 20:458, 20:468, 20:473–20:474
usury, 15:260, 15:261, 15:350–15:351, 15:352n, 16:445, 16:491
in utopian societies, 19:378–19:380
in F. A. Van der Kemp’s proposed book, 4:502, 4:503
and the West, 3:423–3:424
Law, Edmund
and Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences , 11:144n
health of, 19:431
Law, Edward, 1st Earl of Ellenborough
and alleged remarks on TJ by C. J. Fox, 3:261n, 3:261–3:262, 4:234
family of, 3:261n, 3:262n
Law, Elizabeth Parke Custis (Thomas Law’s wife), 3:209n
Law, John (d. 1729)
Mississippi scheme of, 6:586, 6:593n, 9:407
Law, John (d. 1822), 19:431, 19:431n
Law, Jonathan
identified, 1:95n
letters from, 1:95
letters to, 1:126–1:127
and meeting of Conn. Republicans, 1:95, 1:126–1:127
Law, Thomas
Additional Facts, Remarks, and Arguments. Illustrative of the Advantage to the People of the United States, of a National Circulating Medium, 19:202, 19:202n, 19:225
amanuensis for, 19:202, 19:225
on Anglo-American relations, 4:234
on banks and banking, 6:578, 6:592, 6:594, 6:649, 6:649, 7:468, 8:475
on British economy, 7:468
and Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences, 11:143, 11:148–11:149
on education, 7:342
on European political economy, 7:467–7:468
family of, 19:431, 19:431n
and Federalist criticism of TJ, 4:234
Homo’s Letters on a National Currency, addressed to the People of the United States, 11:61, 11:62n
identified, 3:209n
on interest-bearing treasury notes, 6:534, 6:578, 6:592, 6:594, 6:649, 7:468
introduces J. J. Chapman, 19:431
introduces C. D. Crommelin and J. van Lennep, 16:564
introduces F. Hall, 10:594
letter from to J. Wagner, 3:261–3:262
letters from, 3:209, 3:261, 3:552, 4:234–4:235, 6:534, 6:649, 7:342, 7:467–7:469, 8:231–8:232, 8:475, 10:594, 11:61–11:62, 11:143–11:144, 11:165–11:166, 16:564–16:565, 19:431
letters to, 3:298–3:299, 3:578–3:579, 6:594, 7:412–7:416, 11:148–11:149, 19:225
and National Institution for the Promotion of Industry, 16:564
and New York Unitarians, 16:170
and promotion of domestic interests, 19:431
Second Thoughts on Instinctive Impulses, 7:342, 7:342n, 7:412, 7:468n
sends letter to TJ, 8:231
sends prospectus to TJ, 3:552, 3:552n, 3:578–3:579
sends respects to TJ, 7:308–7:309
sends works to TJ, 11:61, 11:165–11:166, 19:202, 19:225
taxation policy of, 4:234, 4:235n
Thoughts on Instinctive Impulses, 3:209, 3:261, 3:298, 3:578, 3:579n, 7:467, 7:468n
Law Academy of Philadelphia, 17:141
Lawfeld. See Lauffeld, Battle of
Lawler, James
wheat of, 11:537n
Lawler, Matthew
recommends J. L. Cathcart, 17:461
Law of Nations. See Le Droit des Gens, ou, Principes de la loi naturelle, appliqué à la conduite & aux affaires des nations & des souverains (E. von Vattel)
The Law of Nature (Volney), 8:668, 8:669n, 18:75, 18:126, 18:167, 18:176
Law of Orleans. See A Digest of the Civil Laws Now in Force in the Territory of Orleans (L. Kerr and L. Moreau Lislet)
Law, or, A Discourse Thereof, In foure Bookes (H. Finch), 7:147–7:148
Lawrance, John
and University of Virginia, 16:479
Lawrence, Abraham R.
and New York City customhouse, 19:499n
Lawrence, David (sloop captain), 11:216
Lawrence, Esther R. Gracie (William Beach Lawrence’s wife)
travels of, 17:202–17:203, 17:203n
Lawrence, James
biography of proposed, 19:427
quoted, 18:57, 18:60n
TJ quotes, 9:330, 9:331n, 18:333, 18:334n
Lawrence, John
and University of Virginia, 19:47, 19:52n, 20:556
Lawrence, Sir William
Lectures on Physiology, Zoology, and the Natural History of Man, 17:535, 17:537n
Lawrence, William Beach
identified, 16:555n
introduced to TJ, 16:555
letter from, 17:202–17:203
letter to, 17:219–17:220
seeks letters of introduction from TJ, 17:202–17:203, 17:219–17:220
TJ introduces to Lafayette, 17:219
visits Monticello, 16:555, 17:202–17:203
Laws of Harvard College, 20:377, 20:378n
The Laws of Las Siete Partidas (trans. L. Moreau Lislet and H. Carleton), 3:53n, 3:160–3:161, 3:168, 18:239
Laws of the College of South-Carolina, 19:450, 19:450–19:451n, 19:539
Laws of the State of New-York, respecting Navigable Communications between The Great Western and Northern Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean, 11:281n
The laws of the United States of America (Z. Swift), 2:521
Laws of the United States of America, from the 4th of March, 1789, to the 4th of March, 1815 (J. B. Colvin), 8:151, 8:152n, 8:179, 12:400
Lawson, Alexander
engraving by, 9:352n, 10:200 (illus.) , 10:201n
identified, 10:201n
Lawson, Robert
Revolutionary War service of, 15:193, 15:194
Lawson, Sarah
boardinghouse of, 3:552
Lawur, Peter
letters from accounted for, 1:677
laxatives, 7:387
Lay, Amos
Map of the Northern Part of the State of New York, 5:263n, 5:306n, 5:581
Lazaria (Maria) (TJ’s slave; b. 1797)
on Monticello slave lists, 4:388, 12:303
Lazzerini, Bartolommeo
and P. Mazzei’s will, 9:675
Lea, Isaac See also H. C. Carey & I. Lea (Philadelphia firm)
identified, 18:481–18:482n
Leach, William Elford
as reference for C. S. Rafinesque, 17:89, 17:89
as zoologist, 16:568
lead
architectural ornaments of, 18:494, 18:494, 18:630, 19:liii, 19:277, 19:477, 19:488, 19:513, 19:514–19:515, 19:520, 19:520–19:522, 19:523, 19:567, 20:219
bar, 18:43, 19:13
as building material, 15:96, 15:100, 19:185, 19:189, 19:191n, 20:555
from Great Britain, 13:381
manufacture of, 2:376
mines, 12:544n
in N.Y., 8:209n
sheet, 19:185, 19:189, 19:191n
for shot, 8:96, 8:113n+, 8:120, 8:121, 8:121, 12:544
for sundials, 11:176
tubing, 20:638
white, 1:55n, 1:77, 5:33, 6:111, 15:101, 17:6, 17:7, 18:44, 18:174, 19:15, 19:277, 19:277, 19:277
Leake, Josiah
as subscription agent, 15:452–15:453n, 16:363
Leake, Mask, 16:646
Leake, Samuel
identified, 16:647n
land claim of, 16:646–16:647, 17:30
letter from, 16:646–16:647
letter to, 17:30
Leake, Walter, 2:211
Leake, William Martin
Researches in Greece, 9:197n
Leamy, John
recommends J. L. Cathcart, 17:461
Leander (British warship), 1:228n
Lear, Benjamin Lincoln
education of, 6:158–6:159, 6:208
identified, 17:500n
and T. Kosciuszko’s estate, 12:315n, 17:443, 17:485, 17:497, 17:497n, 17:498–17:500, 17:501n, 17:510, 17:513, 17:533, 17:533n, 17:550, 20:52
letter from, 17:498–17:501
letter to, 17:513–17:514
visits Monticello, 20:52
Lear, Frances Dandridge Henley (Tobias Lear’s wife)
mentioned, 6:208, 6:208
sends greetings to TJ, 6:159
TJ sends greetings to, 6:209
Lear, Tobias
as consul at Algiers, 6:159–6:160n, 6:164, 11:661, 11:663n, 20:578–20:579
death of, 10:496, 10:496n
identified, 6:159n
letters from, 6:157–6:160
letters to, 6:208–6:209
and proposed visit to TJ, 6:158, 6:208
son’s education, 6:158–6:159, 6:208
A learned commendation of the politique lawes of England (J. Fortescue), 17:419
leather
buckskin clothing, 20:452
for chairs, 16:573
hides, 15:451
map drawn on, 8:238, 16:36
shaving machines, 11:240
for shoes, 6:345, 6:345, 6:346, 6:346, 6:347, 6:348, 8:234, 18:410
tanning, 8:411, 9:29, 9:30n, 16:460, 16:589, 18:410
TJ buys, 9:254, 9:604, 18:49, 18:318n
for University of Virginia, 15:97, 15:100, 20:210, 20:212
Leavenworth, Mark, 3:542, 3:543n
Leavitt, Dudley
identified, 7:407–7:408n
letters from, 7:407–7:408
Table for Determining the Moon’s Quarters, 7:407, 7:408–7:409
Le Baron, Francis
appointment of, 6:28n
Leblanc, Guillaume
translates Dionis Nicæi, rerum Romanarum a pompeio magno, ad Alexandrum Mamææ filium Epitom (Cassius Dio; ed. J. Xiphilinus), 10:233
le Blanc (Siblong) de Villeneufve, Paul Louis
La Fête du Petit Blé; ou, L’Heroisme du Poucha-Houmma, 1:202, 1:203n, 1:509
LeBourdais, Mr., 1:557
Le Bourgeois, Mr., 2:244
Le Breton, John
British army officer, 8:221
Le Breton Deschapelles, Louis Césaire
and batture controversy, 10:668–10:669
identified, 10:669n
letter from, 10:668–10:669
Le Breton D’orgenoy, Francis Joseph. See D’orgenoy, Francis Joseph Le Breton
Le Brun, Charles
identified, 18:96–18:97n
letter from, 18:95–18:97
letter to, 18:156
recommended by T. Kosciuszko, 18:95, 18:97n
translates B. Barère’s La Libertád de los Mares, ó el Gobiérno Inglés descubiérto, 18:95–18:96, 18:156
translates A. Pope’s Essay on Man, 18:96
Lebrun, Ponce Denis Écouchard, 7:665
Lechevalier, Jean Baptiste
as librarian, 10:311, 11:632
Voyage de La Troade, Fait dans les années 1785 et 1786, 11:632, 12:112
Leclerc, Georges Louis, 5:452n
Leclerc, Jean (Johannes Clericus)
edits Æschinis Socratici Dialogi Tres Græce et Latine, ad quos accessit quarti Latinum Fragmentum (Aeschines Socraticus), 10:233
edits Titi Livii Historiarum quod exstat (Livy), 5:501, 5:594, 5:594–5:595n, 5:625, 6:157, 7:286, 10:233, 11:414, 12:576, 14:510, 17:106
and Hesiodi Ascraei Quae Exstant (Hesiod), 9:196
Leçons d’Anatomie Comparée (G. Cuvier), 8:429, 8:429n
Leçons d’Histoire (Volney), 1:580
Le Conte, John Eatton, 10:287, 10:288n
Le Coulteux, Mr., 2:13
A Lecture, introductory to a Course of Lectures, now delivering in the University of Maryland (D. Hoffman), 20:372, 20:373n
A Lecture, introductory to a Course of Lectures on the Cause, Seat and Cure of Diseases (J. Crawford), 4:336, 4:338n, 4:394
Lectures on History, and General Policy (J. Priestley), 19:505
Lectures on Mechanics (Helsham), 1:581
Lectures on Natural and Experimental Philosophy (G. Adams), 1:581, 14:375, 14:378n, 19:505
Lectures on Physiology, Zoology, and the Natural History of Man (W. Lawrence), 17:535, 17:537n
Lectures on Political Principles (D. Williams), 3:38, 3:40n, 3:87, 3:189, 3:334
Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres (H. Blair), 1:576, 7:629, 7:662, 12:576, 16:5, 16:381, 16:458, 19:505
Lectures on Rhetoric and Oratory (J. Q. Adams), 4:390, 4:391n, 4:428, 4:430n, 4:435, 4:473, 4:483, 12:576
Lectures on Select Subjects in Mechanics, Hydrostatics, Pneumatics, and Optics (J. Ferguson) , 1:581, 6:380, 9:638n, 19:506
Lectures on the adulteration of food and culinary poisons (J. Cutbush), 20:6, 20:37
Lédenon, France
wine from, 10:170, 10:170, 10:338, 11:246, 11:404, 11:404, 11:404, 11:405, 11:407, 11:531, 11:653, 12:374, 12:515, 12:566, 12:580, 13:10, 13:302, 14:327, 14:328, 14:328, 14:328, 14:329, 15:120, 15:262, 16:117, 16:117, 16:117, 16:425, 16:510, 17:139, 17:140, 18:457, 19:641–19:642
Ledlie, Elizabeth
signs petition, 18:146
Le Duc, Marie Pierre
as notary, 7:366n
Ledyard, Isaac
and J. Ledyard (1751–89), 12:281
Ledyard, John (1751–89)
biography of, 12:188, 12:280–12:281, 16:272, 16:273n
A Journal of Captain Cook’s last Voyage to the Pacific Ocean, and in quest of a North-West Passage, between Asia & America, 12:188, 12:189n, 16:272, 17:341
and western exploration, 6:417, 6:420, 9:650, 12:280–12:281, 17:341–17:342, 19:197, 19:201n
Ledyard, John (of Connecticut)
letters from, 2:419, 2:423–2:424
seeks TJ’s assistance, 2:419, 2:423–2:424
Lee, Arthur
and cession of Northwest Territory, 4:567
as diplomat, 17:329
The Farmer’s and Monitor’s Letters, 6:440
as member of Confederation Congess, 17:333, 17:333
relationship with B. Franklin, 8:23, 13:466
as writer, 6:440
Lee, Arthur (1779–1828)
as Va. legislator, 19:284
Lee, Charles, 12:427
Lee, Charles (1731–82)
accused of desertion, 18:138
Lee, David B.
flying machine of, 18:344–18:345, 18:346, 18:347–18:348, 18:349n, 18:359
identified, 18:348–18:349n
letter from, 18:344–18:349
letter to, 18:359–18:360
petitions Congress, 18:345, 18:349n
rivalry with J. Bennett, 18:345–18:346, 18:349n
Lee, Edmund Jennings, 1:516
Lee, Eliza Collins
given portrait of J. Madison, 12:li
Lee, Francis Lightfoot
and Va. Committee of Correspondence, 9:367, 17:312
as Va. legislator, 17:313, 17:314
Lee, Henry (1756–1818)
and American Revolution, 13:115, 19:122, 19:130
criticism of, 19:215, 19:216, 19:428
as defense witness, 1:277, 1:278–1:279n
funeral oration for G. Washington, 19:441n
and P. Henry, 4:604
introduces I. McPherson, 6:353, 6:354n
medal voted for, 2:104–2:105, 2:106n, 2:125–2:126, 2:224, 2:253
Memoirs of the War in the Southern Department of the United States, 6:122, 8:178, 8:179n, 19:96–19:97, 19:97, 19:100n
and TJ’s remark on G. Washington, 10:423n
Lee, Henry (1787–1837)
and father’s medal, 2:104–2:105, 2:106n, 2:224, 2:253
Lee, Henry (of Winchester)
and Central College–University of Virginia subscription, 11:334, 16:303
Lee, James
as trustee for J. Paradise and L. L. Paradise, 9:283, 9:284, 9:284
Lee, James (of England)
patents machine, 10:548n
Lee, John
and University of Virginia, 16:307, 17:632, 19:47
Lee, Rachel Fanny Antonina
An Essay on Government, 1:123–1:124, 3:116, 3:117n
Lee, Richard Bland
and assumption of Revolutionary War debts, 12:424
and W. Bentley, 2:170n
as commissioner of public buildings, 8:596n, 12:641
given portrait of J. Madison, 12:li
identified, 14:581–14:582n
letter from, 14:581–14:582
letter to, 14:603–14:604
An Oration, delivered July 5, 1819, In the Chamber of the House of Representatives, 14:581–14:582, 14:603
Lee, Richard Evers
identified, 6:364n
introduced to TJ, 6:364
Lee, Richard Henry
and G. R. Clark’s 1779 expedition, 4:378
on Declaration of Independence, 20:124
family of, 10:421, 10:423n
and P. Henry, 4:378
as member of Continental Congress, 4:600, 4:601, 4:602, 6:440, 6:612, 6:612, 6:613, 8:620, 8:626, 8:626n, 8:643–8:644, 10:421, 11:202, 13:331, 17:316, 17:317, 20:138, 20:138n
oratorial skills of, 2:156
and J. Otis, 13:618–13:619
recommends W. Kendall, 18:138
reputed speech of, 8:626, 8:626n, 8:643–8:644, 14:138, 16:441, 16:472–16:473
and Stamp Act Resolutions, 8:642
TJ on, 7:411, 7:411, 8:642, 16:472–16:473
and J. Trumbull’s Declaration of Independence, 13:329, 13:330n
and Va. Committee of Correspondence, 9:367, 9:369n, 17:312
as Va. legislator, 17:313, 17:314
Lee, Thomas Ludwell
biography of proposed, 8:619
and revision of Va. laws, 1:381–1:382, 3:570, 5:136, 7:549, 17:322, 17:322, 17:323
and Stamp Act Resolutions, 8:642
Lee, Thomas Sim
death of, 15:235
Lee, Tom (Shackelford estate’s slave), 3:36, 3:37n, 3:529
Lee, William (1739–95)
and L. L. Paradise estate, 11:59, 11:59n
Lee, William (1772–1840)
assists J. Ronaldson in Paris, 2:163
and J. M. Baker, 12:93, 12:473, 12:473–12:474
and bust of G. Washington, 8:161
and commercial agent for Le Havre, 9:363n
consul at Bordeaux, 1:118, 1:121n, 3:166, 3:178, 3:442, 3:599, 4:189, 4:529–4:530, 4:530n, 7:428n, 7:428n, 7:491n, 8:37, 8:571, 9:388, 9:389–9:390n, 9:421, 9:570, 9:573n, 9:655, 9:656n, 10:215, 10:489, 10:632, 12:567
Les États-Unis et L’Angleterre, 8:150–8:151, 8:151n, 10:342, 10:489
family of, 8:151
forwards letters to TJ, 2:672, 10:39
on France, 10:490
and F. Gard, 10:39, 10:489
identified, 2:672n
and immigration, 10:489–10:491
introduces J. Achard, 15:448, 15:484
introduces C. Lowell, 12:102
introduces J. A. Pénières-Delors, 10:491
letters from, 2:672, 8:150–8:151, 10:39–10:40, 10:489–10:491, 11:449–11:450, 11:506–11:507, 12:102, 12:260, 12:354, 15:448
letters to, 10:342–10:343, 10:670–10:671, 11:413, 11:471–11:472, 11:602, 12:185–12:186, 12:339, 15:484
and manufacturing in U.S., 10:489
plans visit to Monticello, 10:491, 10:516
recommends A. and C. de Montcarel, 13:419, 13:441
and Société Agricole et Manufacturière Française, 10:632, 10:635, 10:670–10:671
and C. Stewart’s apprenticeship, 12:185, 12:186, 12:257, 12:260, 12:338, 12:339, 12:354, 12:396
as War Department accountant, 10:496n
weaving enterprise of, 11:413, 11:449–11:450, 11:463–11:464, 11:470, 11:471–11:472, 11:506–11:507, 11:602, 12:338, 12:339, 12:354
Lee, William Raymond
forwards items to TJ, 4:4, 4:215, 4:220, 6:163
identified, 4:220n
letters to, 4:220
and G. H. Ward, 12:379, 13:5
Leedes, Edward
edits De Vero Usu Verborum Mediorum (L. Küster), 10:358
Leeds, Francis Osborne, Marquess of Carmarthen, 5th Duke of, 1:516, 10:116, 10:117n, 17:339
Lee family
and Port Folio, 7:318
TJ on, 7:548
Leesburg, Va.
convention of Protestant Episcopal Church of Virginia held in, 20:5, 20:5n
Republican mechanics of, address TJ, 1:89–1:90
Leeson, Thomas
as builder for University of Virginia, 15:385, 15:386n, 16:310
letter from, 15:385–15:386
Lefevre, Jean Baptiste
land warrant issued to, 2:74, 2:75n, 2:94
Leforest, A., 2:154
Leftwich, Jabez , 5:339
Leftwich, Joel
military service of, 7:227
as sheriff, 12:29n, 14:114n
and TJ’s land dispute with S. Scott, 5:339
Leftwich’s Mill (Bedford Co.)
on route to Natural Bridge, 9:35
Legaré, Hugh Swinton
An Oration, delivered on the Fourth of July, 1823; before the ’76 Association, 20:16, 20:16n
Legare, John Berwick
identified, 13:158n
letter from, 13:157–13:159
and Seventy-Six Association, 13:157
Legaux, Pierre
and Alexander grape, 4:524, 4:525n
Legendre, Adrien Marie
Éléments de Géométrie, 13:394, 13:413, 13:428, 13:474, 13:561, 14:215, 19:617, 20:469
Le Gendre, Louis, 3:235, 3:237n
Leges Anglo-Saxonicæ Ecclesiasticæ & Civilies (D. Wilkins), 7:126, 7:127, 16:364, 17:197
Leghorn (Livorno), Italy. See Appleton, Thomas
Legibus et Consuetudinibus Angliæ (H. de Bracton), 1:383, 3:546, 7:125–7:127, 7:257, 7:627, 16:640, 16:641, 18:335, 18:336n
The Legislatorial Trial of Her Majesty Caroline Amelia Elizabeth, Queen of England, Consort of George the Fourth, for the alleged Crime of Adultery with Bartolomeo Bergami (E. Barron), 17:536
Lego (TJ’s Albemarle Co. estate)
acreage of, 4:387
hogs at, 5:545
lease of, 1:488n, 3:522, 12:301–12:305, 13:355, 15:545
livestock at, 12:303–12:304
and W. McClure’s weaving establishment, 4:143
overseers at, 1:137–1:138n, 3:180, 3:181n, 3:196, 3:642, 4:101, 9:604n, 10:387, 10:388n, 12:167n, 13:476n
sale of proposed, 15:614, 15:614n, 16:110
slaves at, 3:37, 3:180–3:181, 3:196, 6:181, 12:303, 14:476, 14:477n, 14:494, 14:555
surveys of, 2:107–2:108, 2:109n, 3:570–3:573, 5:362
and TJ’s lease dispute with E. Alexander, 2:85–2:86, 2:150–2:151, 2:199, 2:200, 2:212–2:213, 2:239–2:240, 2:240, 2:277–2:281, 2:282, 2:286, 2:286–2:287, 2:294
tobacco grown at, 2:86, 2:200, 2:239, 2:240
wheat grown at, 2:239, 2:240, 3:191, 9:152, 16:444
Legrand, Jacques Guillaume
Description de Paris et de ses Édifices, 12:107
Le Havre, France
consul at, 10:9–10:10, 10:21, 10:22n
Lehré, Thomas
appointed loans commissioner, 6:113n, 14:301
and appointment as federal marshal, 6:28, 6:29, 6:29n, 6:63–6:64, 6:64, 6:113
and celebration of Revolutionary War victory, 6:250
desires TJ’s opinion on foreign affairs, 7:459, 13:130
on J. W. Eppes’s election, 6:80
and Fourth of July celebration, 20:15, 20:16
and P. Freneau, 6:611, 6:636
on Great Britain, 6:80
identified, 5:244n
introduces J. Bellinger, 6:317
letters from, 5:243–5:244, 5:284–5:286, 5:329–5:330, 5:332, 5:355–5:356, 5:393–5:394, 5:680–5:681, 6:28–6:29, 6:80, 6:113, 6:250–6:251, 6:317, 6:611, 6:636, 7:459, 13:129, 13:130, 14:300–14:302, 20:15–20:16
letters to, 5:303–5:304, 6:63–6:64, 7:524–7:525, 13:142–13:143, 20:64–20:65
and opinion of TJ in S.C., 20:15–20:16, 20:64
on Republicans, 5:244
and S.C. politics, 5:243–5:244, 5:284–5:285, 5:285–5:286n, 5:303–5:304, 5:329, 5:329–5:330n, 5:332, 5:393, 5:680–5:681, 5:681n, 6:317, 7:459, 13:129, 13:130, 13:142–13:143
seeks federal appointment, 14:300–14:301
supports TJ and J. Madison for president, 6:28
on War of 1812, 6:250–6:251, 6:636
Leib, Michael
appointed postmaster of Philadelphia, 7:196, 7:197n
and A. Gallatin, 1:598, 1:599n
identified, 4:174n
introduces J. Ronaldson, 18:521
letters from, 4:173–4:175
letters to, 4:164
recommends A. Macaulay, 2:304
sends respects to TJ, 7:308–7:309
supports W. Duane, 4:174, 4:174n
as U.S. senator, 4:163, 4:164n, 4:173, 6:241
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm
in collegiate curriculum, 7:480, 7:667
philosophy of, 7:557, 9:651, 11:268, 11:270n
in F. A. Van der Kemp’s proposed book, 4:502, 4:506
works of, 11:383
Leigh, Benjamin Watkins
aide to J. Barbour, 7:632, 7:633n
as attorney, 19:92–19:93, 20:146
Leigh, Sir Egerton (1733–1781)
family of, 7:28
Leigh, Sir Egerton (1762–1818)
health of, 7:68–7:69, 7:143
identified, 7:69n
introduced by D. Ramsay, 7:28, 7:68, 7:143, 7:143
letters from, 7:68–7:69
letters to, 7:143
proposed visit to Monticello, 7:68–7:69, 7:143
Leiper, Elizabeth Coultas Gray (Thomas Leiper’s wife), 18:360
“Leiper, George G.” (pseudonym)
letters from, 18:341, 18:342
TJ’s loan to, 18:341, 18:342, 18:343, 18:350, 18:352, 18:352, 18:353, 18:357, 18:360–18:361, 18:363
visits Monticello, 18:341, 18:352, 18:360
Leiper, George Gray (Thomas Leiper’s son), 18:352, 18:363, 19:623
Leiper, Samuel McKean, 19:623
Leiper, Thomas
and agriculture, 19:591, 19:606–19:607, 19:624, 19:635, 19:636
on Alexander I, 7:104, 7:298, 9:217–9:218
criticizes Great Britain, 7:36–7:37, 7:298–7:299
and J. Delaplaine’s Repository, 11:203
and W. Duane, 3:450–3:451, 3:452n, 3:506, 3:507, 3:585
and election of 1800, 18:247–18:248
family of, 18:363, 19:623, 19:635
finances of, 19:622–19:623, 19:635–19:636, 20:586
and “George G. Leiper”, 18:341, 18:343n, 18:350, 18:352, 18:352, 18:353, 18:357, 18:360–18:361, 18:363
identified, 7:37n
and internal improvements, 19:622, 19:624
letters from, 7:36–7:38, 7:104–7:105, 7:297–7:300, 9:216–9:218, 18:352–18:353, 18:363, 19:591–19:592, 19:606–19:607, 19:621–19:625, 20:585–20:588
letters to, 7:96–7:99, 8:531–8:534, 12:558–12:559, 17:578–17:579, 18:352, 18:360–18:361, 19:635–19:637
on Napoleon, 7:37, 7:298, 7:298, 7:298, 7:299, 9:216–9:217, 9:217
and politics, 19:623–19:624, 19:635, 20:585–20:587
and portraits of Napoleon, 19:623, 19:625n, 19:636
on prophecy, 7:36–7:37
purchases TJ’s tobacco, 4:593
quarry of, 18:360, 19:623
recommends J. L. Cathcart, 17:461
and religion, 19:623, 19:636
and Second Bank of U.S., 12:558
sends works to TJ, 19:591, 19:606, 19:635
and taxes, 9:217
TJ introduces F. Watson to, 17:578–17:579
TJ reports on politics and international affairs to, 8:531–8:534
and TJ’s letter to G. Logan, 7:36–7:37, 7:96–7:99, 7:104–7:105
and F. Watson, 18:352, 18:363
Leiper, William Jones, 19:623
Leipzig, Battle of (Battle of the Nations) (1813), 6:637n, 7:158n, 14:415, 14:416n
Leitch, A.
and University of Virginia, 16:310
Leitch, James See also Samuel & James Leitch (Charlottesville firm)
accepts draft, 2:234n
account with TJ, 1:64, 1:65n, 8:48, 9:565–9:566, 9:597, 9:656, 11:426n, 12:644, 12:644, 13:165, 13:528n, 14:472, 15:450, 16:363, 16:624, 17:8, 17:8, 17:8, 17:9, 17:36, 17:37n, 17:47n, 17:285, 18:44, 18:623n, 19:8, 19:8, 19:8, 19:11, 19:12, 19:13, 19:14, 19:14, 19:15, 19:69
agent for TJ, 3:83, 4:77, 5:394, 6:431, 9:267, 9:269, 11:452, 16:270, 16:274, 17:68, 17:83
and Albemarle Academy, 7:267, 7:282, 7:293, 7:335, 7:339, 7:427, 7:535, 7:570, 7:571
C. L. Bankhead’s debt to, 8:394
and Central College, 11:322, 11:329, 11:565, 12:274, 12:292, 12:301, 12:646, 15:91, 15:91, 15:93, 15:93, 15:94, 15:95, 15:100, 15:101
and Central College–University of Virginia subscription, 13:161, 13:164, 13:164n, 15:97, 16:476, 17:620, 20:195
and Charlottesville Female Academy, 16:26n
and currency for TJ, 12:45+
extracts from daybook of, 15:449–15:453, 16:5–16:14, 16:191n, 16:289n, 16:363n, 16:470n, 17:4–17:11, 17:234n, 17:291n+, 18:40–18:51, 18:174n, 18:225n, 18:280n, 18:319n, 19:8–19:16
and gunpowder sales, 3:583
identified, 1:65n
introduces Mr. Logan, 10:673
as juror, 5:278, 5:279
letters from, 1:64–1:65, 1:458, 2:40, 2:77, 5:394, 6:431, 8:48, 9:656, 10:673, 11:470–11:471, 12:186, 12:274, 12:502, 12:555, 12:646
letters from accounted for, 19:16n, 20:576n
letters to, 1:302–1:303, 4:182, 4:358, 4:477, 4:496, 4:647, 4:686–4:687, 5:119, 5:133, 5:394, 8:380, 8:570, 12:45+, 12:454, 13:32+, 13:64–13:65, 13:92, 13:166–13:167, 14:379–14:380, 15:71, 15:134, 15:144, 15:315, 15:453, 15:475, 15:479+, 15:485, 16:191, 16:289, 16:363, 16:470, 17:234, 17:291+, 18:174, 18:225, 18:280, 18:319, 18:368
letters to accounted for, 5:394n, 12:626n, 20:576n
and loan to J. Gorman, 20:123, 20:123n
makes payments for TJ, 12:lii, 12:614n, 12:614n, 13:169, 14:295, 14:295n, 14:549n, 15:451, 18:41, 18:368, 18:435n, 18:647–18:648, 18:648n, 19:8, 19:8, 19:11, 19:14, 20:383n
mentioned, 20:30
and nails from TJ, 2:77
and packages for TJ, 13:327, 13:327n, 14:97, 16:126–16:127, 16:131, 16:140, 16:326, 16:366, 16:375, 16:376, 16:389, 17:110–17:111, 17:147, 17:224, 18:118, 18:298
petition to General Assembly, 5:378–5:380
provides postal services, 16:382
requests payment from TJ, 2:40, 2:52–2:53, 2:77, 2:80
returns papers to TJ, 12:502, 12:555
sells knives, 14:20
store of, 14:8, 14:8–14:9, 14:10n, 16:363, 18:604n, 18:642, 18:647
and timothy seed, 4:156, 4:194
TJ orders clothes from, 4:496, 8:380, 8:570, 9:566, 9:566, 12:45+, 18:225
TJ orders goods from, 1:302–1:303, 4:182, 4:209, 4:210, 4:211, 4:358, 4:477, 4:647, 4:686, 5:119, 5:133, 5:394, 9:565–9:566, 9:597, 9:656, 12:454, 13:32+, 13:64–13:65, 13:92, 14:636, 15:71, 15:134, 15:144, 15:315, 15:449–15:453, 15:475, 15:479+, 15:485, 16:5–16:14, 16:191, 16:289, 16:470, 17:4–17:11, 17:234, 17:291+, 18:40–18:51, 18:174, 18:225n, 18:280, 18:319, 18:643, 19:8–19:16
TJ pays, 12:541, 12:541n, 12:613, 12:614, 12:633, 12:656, 13:141, 13:142n, 13:356, 13:393, 13:475, 13:476n, 14:42, 14:220, 14:244, 14:244, 14:296, 14:309, 14:318, 14:318, 14:319, 14:354, 14:380, 14:415, 14:473, 14:473, 14:473, 14:474, 14:474, 14:549, 14:549n, 14:571, 15:450, 15:483, 15:483n, 15:513, 16:363, 16:366, 17:46, 17:47n, 17:531, 17:532n, 18:623, 19:38n, 20:382, 20:383n, 20:405, 20:576
TJ’s debt to, 13:142n, 13:166–13:167, 13:415n, 13:595n, 14:295, 14:295n, 14:316, 14:379–14:380, 15:425, 15:453, 16:363, 16:649, 16:649, 19:495, 19:496n
trades nails for goods, 1:64, 1:303, 1:458
and University of Virginia, 15:96, 15:96, 15:97, 15:101, 15:103, 16:303, 16:303, 16:303, 16:304, 16:310, 16:319, 16:475, 16:476, 16:478, 16:478, 16:480, 16:481, 17:627, 17:631, 17:632, 17:637, 17:642, 17:650, 19:46, 19:185, 20:197, 20:199, 20:215, 20:216, 20:219, 20:220
vouches for O. Norris, 3:465
and weaver, 11:463–11:464, 11:470, 11:602, 12:185, 12:186, 12:274, 12:338–12:339, 12:339, 12:396
witnesses warrant, 5:280
works sent to, 14:215
Leitch, Samuel (d. 1841) See also Samuel & James Leitch (Charlottesville firm)
and Albemarle Volunteer Company subscription, 5:344
and Central College–University of Virginia, 15:95, 16:308, 16:309, 16:314, 16:316
and Central College subscription, 13:162
identified, 3:242n
letter from accounted for, 9:719
petition to General Assembly, 3:253–3:254
Leitch, Samuel (1790–1870)
and University of Virginia, 16:307, 16:307, 16:309, 17:636, 19:51
Leitch, Samuel & James (Charlottesville firm). See Samuel & James Leitch (Charlottesville firm)
Leitch, William
and Central College–University of Virginia subscription, 11:324, 11:329, 13:162, 15:98
Leith, Dr.
and cheese-making, 15:418n
Leith threshing machine, 5:444–5:445, 5:445n
Leland, John
A View Of the Principal Deistical Writers, 6:302
Leland, Thomas
translates All the Orations of Demosthenes (Demosthenes), 19:505
Lemaire, Étienne
death of, 12:176, 12:273
identified, 1:56n
and kitchen inventory of President’s House, 1:43n, 1:155, 1:155, 1:156n
letters from, 1:59–1:60, 1:71–1:72, 1:188–1:189, 1:222
letters to, 1:55–1:56, 1:161–1:162
maître d’hôtel, 1:42
offered employment by W. Short, 7:469
offers to run errands in Philadelphia, 1:60, 1:71
sends oil and syrup to TJ, 1:161, 1:188, 1:188, 1:222, 1:245, 1:257
TJ pays, 1:41, 1:293–1:294
TJ praises, 1:55–1:56, 1:71
Le Maire, Jacques, 1:450
Lemaire, Santiago, 3:478n, 5:85n
Le Mercier de La Rivière, Paul Pierre
in F. A. Van der Kemp’s proposed book, 4:502
Le Mierre, Antoine Marin
La Veuve du Malabar, 7:77, 7:78n
Le Monnier, Pierre Charles
translates Institutions Astronomiques, 7:626
lemons
acid, 7:594, 7:602, 8:613, 8:627, 8:641
juice, 20:189
Lemosy, Auguste
and J. David, 9:199
Le Moyne, Jean Baptiste, sieur de Bienville
French colonial governor of La., 9:479, 9:480n
Le Moyne, Pierre, sieur d’Iberville
French colonial governor of La., 9:479, 9:480n
Lemprière, John
A Classical Dictionary, 14:276, 14:351
Universal Biography, 12:534
Leney, William Satchwell
engraver, 6:125, 9:405n, 9:459, 9:461, 9:461n, 10:493, 10:493n
L’Enfant, Peter (Pierre) Charles
and Society of the Cincinnati, 12:430
Lenglet du Fresnoy, Nicolas
Tablettes Chronologiques de L’Histoire Universelle, 10:234, 19:510
Lenni Lenape Indians
clothing and implements of, 16:155
history of, 16:107–16:109, 16:131–16:132, 16:133
language of, 16:108–16:109
mentioned, 16:154
and Moravian missionaries, 9:65
works on, 13:89, 14:132n, 16:181
Lenoir, Étienne
scientific-instrument maker, 9:223
Lenox, Peter
identified, 5:178–5:179n
letters from, 5:177–5:179
seeks position at Washington, 5:177–5:178, 8:592, 8:592
TJ pays, 1:41
Lenthall, John
clerk of works at U.S. Capitol, 1:92, 5:205
death of, 1:65n
lentils
sent to TJ, 13:278, 20:605
Lentz, John, 6:83n
Leo X, pope, 7:74, 9:432, 14:78
“Leolin.” See Austin, James Trecothick
Leonard, David Augustus
identified, 7:94n
letters from, 7:93–7:94, 7:105–7:106
letters to, 7:141–7:142
and westward relocation, 7:93–7:94, 7:105, 7:141–7:142
Leonard, George
and University of Virginia, 16:307, 17:625
Leonard, Jonathan
letter from accounted for, 10:79n
Leonard, Uriah
as blacksmith at University of Virginia, 17:650, 19:48, 19:63, 19:238, 20:197, 20:197, 20:209, 20:209, 20:214, 20:215, 20:215, 20:216, 20:219, 20:220, 20:227, 20:232
and University of Virginia, 19:47, 19:48, 19:48, 19:49, 19:54, 19:56, 19:186, 19:187, 19:189, 19:190, 20:555
Leonardo da Vinci
and portrait of A. Vespucci, 7:613
Leoni, Giacomo
The Architecture of A. Palladio, 14:480+, 17:133, 17:133–17:134, 19:552, 20:237, 20:237, 20:238
Leonidas, king of Sparta, 12:518, 20:24
León y Gama, Antonio de
Descripción histórica y cronológica de los piedras, 1:521, 1:521n, 1:556
Leopard, HMS
and Chesapeake incident, 2:261n, 16:465–16:466, 17:518–17:519
Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor
and Declaration of Pillnitz, 7:299–7:300n
permits P. Mazzei’s immigration to U.S., 9:115
in F. A. Van der Kemp’s proposed book, 4:502, 4:507
Léoville (wine), 9:513
Le Page du Pratz, Antoine Simon
The History of Louisiana, or of the Western Parts of Virginia and Carolina, 17:536
Le Peletier de Rosanbo, Antoinette de Lamoignon de Malesherbes, madame de, 14:203–14:204
Lepidium officinale. See water cress
Lepidium sativum. See garden cress
Lepidus, Junia (Marcus Aemilius Lepidus’s wife), 17:73n
Lerasle
Encyclopédie Méthodique: Jurisprudence, 3:130, 3:174n, 3:175n, 3:546
Leray de Chaumont, Jacques Donatien, 2:13
Le Ray de Chaumont, James
An Address, delivered at the meeting at the Agricultural Society of Jefferson County, December 29, 1817, 13:71, 13:72n, 13:172n
and agricultural societies, 13:71, 13:172
carries TJ’s letters, 5:449
identified, 13:71–13:72n
introduces M. A. Jullien, 12:229, 12:232n
letter from, 13:172
letter to, 13:71–13:72
and Lafayette, 3:446
and D. B. Warden, 7:506n, 7:506n
wealth of, 17:585, 17:603, 19:468
LeRoy, Herman See also LeRoy, Bayard & Company (New York firm); LeRoy, Bayard & McEvers (New York firm)
and mortgage to T. M. Randolph, 20:366, 20:366n
Leroy, Lewis (d. 1843)
family of, 12:478
identified, 12:480n
letter from, 12:477–12:480
recommendations for, 12:478
seeks TJ’s assistance, 12:477–12:478
Leroy, Lewis, Jr.
education of, 12:478
Leroy, Louis
Les politiqves d’Aristote, 3:546
LeRoy, Bayard & Company (New York firm)
identified, 9:580n
letters from, 10:302–10:303, 11:366–11:367, 11:419, 13:88, 14:73, 14:432, 15:481+, 17:117, 18:494–18:495, 18:537, 20:29, 20:57–20:58
letters to, 10:319, 11:293, 11:381, 13:43–13:44, 14:53–14:54, 14:354, 15:471–15:472, 17:21, 18:458, 18:526–18:527, 20:20, 20:46, 20:300–20:301
and TJ’s debt to P. Mazzei’s estate, 12:74
and TJ’s debt to N. & J. & R. van Staphorst, 10:302–10:303, 10:319, 11:290–11:291, 11:293, 11:304, 11:362, 11:366, 11:379, 11:380n, 11:380, 11:381n, 11:381, 11:395, 11:419, 11:419n, 12:613, 12:613, 13:42–13:43, 13:43–13:44, 13:88, 14:53–14:54, 14:73, 14:316, 14:354, 14:354, 14:415, 14:432, 14:473, 14:474, 14:483–14:484, 15:426, 15:471–15:472, 15:481+, 15:518, 15:538, 15:541, 15:590, 16:640n, 16:648, 16:649, 17:16, 17:21, 17:36, 17:46, 17:47, 17:117, 18:458, 18:458, 18:484, 18:494–18:495, 18:526–18:527, 18:537, 19:494, 20:20, 20:29, 20:46, 20:47, 20:54, 20:57, 20:143, 20:300–20:301, 20:301, 20:302, 20:302
and TJ’s lines of credit in Europe, 13:31, 13:79
LeRoy, Bayard & McEvers (New York firm)
identified, 9:580n
letters from, 9:579–9:580, 9:662–9:663, 9:679–9:680
letter to, 9:644
and TJ’s debt to N. & J. & R. van Staphorst, 9:579–9:580, 9:580–9:581, 9:644, 9:662–9:663, 9:679–9:680, 10:303
Le Sage, A. See Las Cases, Emmanuel Auguste Dieudonné Marin Joseph, Comte de (A. Le Sage)
Le Sage, Alain René
Le Diable Boiteux, 7:665
Histoire de Gil Blas de Santillane, 4:163n, 7:665, 9:598, 9:600n, 10:573, 12:534, 14:258, 19:508, 19:509n
Lescallier, Daniel
and J. Corrêa da Serra, 5:7–5:8
The Enchanted Throne, An Indian Story translated from the Persian Language, 11:351, 11:351n, 11:441
identified, 1:184n
introduces Quinette de Rochemont, 11:351, 11:352n
letters from, 1:184, 11:351–11:352
letter to, 11:441
and A. M. Rochon, 5:301
sends publication to TJ, 1:184, 11:351, 11:351n
Le Trône Enchanté, Conte Indien traduit du Persan, 11:351n
Vocabulaire des Termes de Marine Anglais et Français, 1:36, 1:184n
Leschot, Louis A.
Charlottesville house of, 19:634
friendship with H. Roi, 19:375
identified, 11:365–11:366n
letters to, 11:365–11:366, 13:527–13:528
payment to, 11:539, 11:539n, 13:528n
and stoves for University of Virginia, 14:214, 14:229
TJ invites to Monticello, 13:528
TJ’s debt to, 12:644, 16:648
as watchmaker, 10:578–10:579, 11:198–11:199, 11:199n, 11:365, 11:374, 11:374n, 11:413, 11:413n, 11:507–11:508, 12:137–12:138, 12:396, 13:156, 13:527, 13:537, 15:305, 15:320
Leschot, Sophie Montandon (Louis A. Leschot’s wife)
TJ invites to Monticello, 13:528
TJ sends greetings to, 11:365
Leslie, Charles
A Short and Easie Method with Deists, 3:590, 3:590n
Leslie, Charles Robert
as portrait painter, 20:50
Leslie, Sir John
and Central College–University of Virginia, 12:193, 12:201, 12:227, 13:510, 15:303
defended in A Short Statement of some important facts, relative to the late election of a Mathematical Professor in the University of Edinburgh (D. Stewart), 15:140
inquires about TJ’s family, 8:38, 8:244
introduction to sought, 13:485, 13:510
as professor at University of Edinburgh, 16:207–16:208, 16:208, 16:208
as scientist, 14:313
sends greetings to T. M. Randolph, 8:244
solicits article from D. B. Warden, 8:420
Le Souef, Jeremiah
as vice consul at London, 17:562n, 17:562n, 18:79
Lespinasse, Jeanne Julie Éléonore de
J. Adams on, 10:306, 14:30–14:31
Lettres de Mademoiselle de Lespinasse, 14:30, 14:31
Lesseps, Mathieu Maximilien Prosper, comte de
identified, 15:146n
recommended to TJ, 15:145
Lessi, Bernardo
and C. Bellini estate, 7:693–7:694, 9:113
Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim
popularity of, 9:84
Lesslie, John
and TJ’s flour, 4:12, 4:58, 10:671
Lessons to a Young Prince, by an Old Statesman (D. Williams), 15:337, 15:338n
L’Estrange, Sir Roger
translates Seneca’s Morals (Seneca), 19:505
Lesueur, Charles Alexandre
French naturalist, 12:516, 12:516n, 14:442–14:443, 14:489, 14:569
Le Tellier, François Michel, marquis de Louvois
in F. A. Van der Kemp’s proposed book, 4:502
Le Tellier, John
identified, 2:316n
and Jefferson Cups, 2:xlii, 2:315–2:316, 2:316n, 2:474, 3:83, 3:154, 3:168, 3:177
letters from, 2:474, 11:604–11:605
letters to, 2:315–2:316, 11:548–11:549
and silversmith for Charlottesville, 11:548–11:549, 11:604–11:605
Létombe, Philippe André Joseph de, 1:256+, 5:266
Le Tourneur, Étienne François Louis Honoré, 10:44
Le Trosne, Guillaume François
French economist, 9:630
Letter, Addressed to the Most Reverend Leonard Neale, Arch Bishop of Baltimore (J. F. Oliveira Fernandes), 11:28, 11:28n, 11:28n, 11:63, 11:63–11:64n
A Letter concerning Toleration (J. Locke), 19:505
Letter from Alexander Hamilton, concerning the Public Conduct and Character of John Adams (A. Hamilton), 19:367n
A Letter, from Germany, to the Princess Royal of England; on the English and German languages (H. Croft), 16:193–16:194
Letter from the Secretary of State Accompanied with a List of the Names of Persons who have Invented any New and Useful Art, Machine, Manufacture or Composition of Matter, 6:282, 6:282n
Letter from the Secretary of State, transmitting A List of Persons who Have Made Any New and Useful Invention, and for which Patents Have Been Obtained, from thirty-first December, 1813, to the first January, 1815, 8:408, 8:408n
Letter from the Secretary of State, transmitting a List of the Names of Patentees, their Places of Residence, and the Nature of their Inventions or Improvements, 6:362
Letter from the Secretary of State, Transmitting a List of the Names of Persons to whom Patents have been Issued, 6:282, 6:282n
Letter from the Secretary of State, transmitting A List of the Names of Persons to whom Patents have been Issued … from January 1, 1812, to January 1, 1813, 8:195, 8:196n, 8:253
Letter from the Secretary of State, transmitting A List of the Names of Persons to whom Patents have been Issued … from January 1st, 1813, to January 1st, 1814, 8:195, 8:196n, 8:253
Letter from the Secretary of State, transmitting A List of the Names of Persons to whom Patents have been Granted, … from the 1st of January, 1815, to the 1st of January, 1816, 9:592, 9:593n
Letter from the Secretary of State, transmitting A List of the Names of Persons to whom Patents have been Issued, … from January 1st, 1816, to January 1st, 1817, 11:135, 11:136n
Letter from the Secretary of State, transmitting a list of the names of Persons to whom Patents have been issued … For one year, prior to the 1st January, 1822, 18:292–18:293, 18:303, 18:304n
A Letter on the Genius and Dispositions of the French Government (R. Walsh), 3:190n, 3:199, 3:200n
letter press (copying device), 17:45, 17:45n, 18:449, 19:32, 19:32n, 19:91–19:92, 19:256
letter press (furniture), 3:xlvii, 3:358 (illus.)
Letters addressed to the people of Virginia (S. Kercheval writing as “H. Tompkinson”), 10:162–10:163, 10:323, 10:367, 10:434
Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania (J. Dickinson), 8:643, 8:645n
Letters From Paris (W. C. Somerville), 19:630
Letters from Paris, Written During the Period of the late Accession and Abdication of Napoleon (T. B. Robertson), 14:583–14:584, 15:184
Letters from Washington, on the Constitution and Laws; with Sketches of some of the prominent public characters of the United States (G. Watterston), 16:168–16:169
Letters of Abbe Salemankis to a Friend in Ireland (“Salemankis”), 2:263, 2:296
Letters of Paul and Amicus, 19:612–19:613, 19:613n, 19:629
The Letters of the British Spy (W. Wirt), 4:471, 4:472n, 4:560, 8:140, 8:671, 8:672n, 19:505, 19:509n
Letters of the late Lord Lyttelton (G. Lyttelton), 19:505
Letters Of the Right Honourable Lady M—y W—y M—e: Written, during her Travels in Europe, Asia and Africa (M. W. Montagu), 19:506
Letters on England (J. E. White), 15:126
Letters on Political Liberty (D. Williams), 3:189, 3:190n, 3:207
Letters on Several Subjects (“T. Fitzosborne” [W. Melmoth]), 19:506
Letters on the Ministry, Ritual, and Doctrines of the Protestant Episcopal Church (J. Sparks), 16:272, 16:394, 18:37–18:38, 18:564, 19:75, 19:75n
Letters on the Natural History and Internal Resources of the State of New-York (“Hibernicus” [D. Clinton]), 19:171, 19:171n, 19:224–19:225
Letters on The Subject of The Catholics (S. Smith), 2:161, 2:161n
Letters Supposed to have passed between M. De St. Evremond and Mr. Waller (J. Langhorne), 19:506, 19:509n
Letters to A Young Lady on a Course of English Poetry (J. Aikin), 7:664
Letters to Friends (Cicero), 1:386, 1:386n, 17:490, 17:490–17:491n
Letters to the Directors of the Banks of Philadelphia, on the Pernicious Consequences of the Prevailing System of Reducing the Amount of Bills Discounted (M. Carey), 19:591, 19:592n
Letters to the Inhabitants of Northumberland and its neighbourhood (J. Priestley), 1:119, 1:121–1:122n, 7:224, 7:225n
Letters to The Jews; inviting them to an Amicable Discussion of the Evidences of Christianity (J. Priestley), 9:651–9:652, 9:652n
Letters written by the late right honourable Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield, to His Son, Philip Stanhope, Esq. (Lord Chesterfield), 19:505
Letters Written from the Mountain (J. J. Rousseau), 7:665
A Letter to a member of the General Assembly of North Carolina (G. Tucker), 5:458, 5:458n
A Letter to Harrison G. Otis, Esquire (J. Q. Adams), 4:435n
Letter to Henri Gregoire (J. Barlow), 1:588, 1:590n
Letter to James Monroe, Esq. President of the United States, on the State of the Country: with a plan for improving the condition of society (J. Melish), 15:359, 15:359n, 15:384
A Letter to the Honorable John Randolph (“Numa”), 2:264, 2:290
A Letter to The Reverend Mr. Cary (G. B. English), 7:435n
Lettre a M. Jean Baptiste Say (P. S. Du Pont de Nemours), 9:231–9:232, 9:234n, 9:304–9:305, 9:306
Lettre Intéressante adressee à S. A. R. le Prince Régent d’Angleterre (Orvault), 15:574, 15:574–15:575n, 15:598–15:599
Lettre Intéressante adressée à son excellence, le comte Bathurst, ministre des colonies Britanniques (Orvault), 15:574, 15:574–15:575n, 15:598–15:599
Lettres a Eugénie (Holbach), 15:26
Lettres de Ciceron a Atticus (Cicero; trans. N. H. Mongault; ed. Goujon), 9:354, 9:420, 12:112, 14:511
Lettres de Cicéron a M. Brutus, et de M. Brutus a Ciceron (Brutus; Cicero; trans. A. F. Prévost; ed. Goujon), 9:354, 9:420, 12:112, 14:511, 15:258
Lettres de Ciceron, Qu’on nomme vulgairement Familières (Cicero; trans. A. F. Prévost; ed. Goujon), 9:354, 9:354, 9:355n, 9:420, 9:420, 12:112, 14:511, 15:258
Lettres de La Marquise du Deffand, 17:536
Lettres de Mademoiselle de Lespinasse (J. de Lespinasse), 14:30, 14:31
Lettres de Pline le Jeune, en Latin et en Français, Suivies du Panégyrique de Trajan (Pliny the Younger; trans. L. de Sacy), 13:342, 13:343n, 13:391, 13:394, 13:413, 13:474, 13:494, 13:561, 14:215
Lettres d’un Bourgeois de New-Heaven (Condorcet), 5:595, 5:595–5:596n
Lettres D’Un Voyageur Anglois Sur La France, La Suisse Et L’Allemagne (J. Moore), 7:389
Lettres Patentes du Roy
J. Armstrong sends, 5:8, 5:8n, 5:8–5:9n
Lettres sur la Vieillesse (J. H. Meister), 3:137, 3:137n, 3:393
Lettsom, John Coakley
collaboration with B. Waterhouse, 6:39n, 19:362
introduces W. Thornton, 16:530, 16:531n
memoirs of, 18:655
lettuce
cultivation of, 8:305
impact of drought on, 4:38
mentioned, 6:187
seeds, 4:527, 5:31, 5:490, 8:258, 8:272, 20:605
tennis ball, 5:307, 5:307n
Letty (C. L. Bankhead’s slave), 8:395
Leturcq, François Charles Michel
family of, 16:325
Leuba, Claude Victoire Herard
family of, 15:265–15:266
identified, 15:268n
letter from, 15:265–15:268
letter to, 15:276
seeks recommendation from TJ, 15:265–15:266, 15:276
Leunclavius, Johannes
Ivris Græco-romani tam canonici qvam civilis, 3:546
Leusden, Johannes
works of, 18:242n
Le Vaillant, François
Second Voyage Dans L’Intérieur De L’Afrique, Par Le Cap De Bonne-Espérance, Dans Les Années 1783, 84 et 85, 7:389
levers, 14:167, 16:29
Levi, David
Dissertations on the Prophecies of the Old Testament, 9:651–9:652, 9:652n
Levi, Nathan
as U.S. consul at Saint Thomas, 13:123n, 14:98, 14:99
Leviathan, HMS, 16:15
Levy, J. B. (ship captain), 13:530, 13:557
Levy, Uriah Phillips
commissions statue of TJ, 20:399, 20:402n
Lewis (H. Chisholm’s slave), 18:472, 20:30, 20:30
Lewis (E. Randolph’s slave), 4:231–4:232n
Lewis (TJ’s slave; b. ca. 1760)
health of, 18:501
on Monticello slave lists, 4:386, 16:648
Lewis (TJ’s slave; b. 1788)
given to T. J. Randolph, 6:36
mentioned, 16:264n
on Monticello slave lists, 4:387
Lewis (African American)
and University of Virginia, 17:627
Lewis, Capt.
master of schooner Liberty, 1:307, 2:349
Lewis, Mr.
seeks position at University of Virginia, 17:496
Lewis, Ann Marks (TJ’s niece)
finances of, 3:90–3:91, 6:358
identified, 3:91n
letters from, 3:90–3:91
property dispute with C. Peyton, 11:520n
sends greetings to TJ, 6:358
Lewis, Charles (George Washington’s grandnephew)
impressed into British navy, 6:145n
Lewis, Charles (Meriwether Lewis’s uncle)
and Poplar Forest land, 19:203
Revolutionary War service of, 6:418–6:419
Lewis, Charles (TJ’s uncle)
family of, 1:168n
mentioned, 13:435
Revolutionary War regiment of, 7:280, 7:356
Lewis, Charles (d. 1806) (TJ’s nephew)
dispute with C. Peyton, 11:478, 11:478n, 11:479n, 11:485, 11:486, 11:514–11:520, 11:520n, 11:520–11:521n, 11:538, 11:538–11:539, 11:542, 13:284
Lewis, Charles Lilburne (TJ’s brother-in-law)
dispute with C. Peyton, 7:535, 11:478, 11:478n, 11:479, 11:479n, 11:485, 11:486, 11:514–11:520, 11:520n, 11:520–11:521n, 11:538, 11:538–11:539, 11:542, 13:284
family of, 1:167, 1:168n, 1:415n, 8:647, 11:520n, 11:538, 11:538n
finances of, 3:90–3:91, 3:242–3:243, 6:358
identified, 3:92–3:93n
and Jefferson v. Michie, 6:477, 6:479, 6:480, 6:481–6:482n
on Ky. life, 3:92
letters from, 3:91–3:93, 6:358
requests money from TJ, 6:358
Lewis, David Jackson
attests document, 11:243n
and Central College cornerstone laying, 12:62, 12:67
identified, 5:281n
letters to accounted for, 5:281n
and J. M. Perry, 16:550, 16:559
petition to General Assembly, 4:346–4:349
and warrant for restitution of land, 5:280–5:281, 6:215, 6:216n, 6:554, 6:555
Lewis, Edwin
complaints against H. Toulmin, 16:461, 16:462–16:464, 16:464–16:465n
identified, 16:462n
letter from, 16:461–16:462
letter from, to H. Toulmin, 16:462–16:465
Lewis, Fielding (Meriwether Lewis’s granduncle), 6:418
Lewis, Figures, 16:462
Lewis, Francis
signer of Declaration of Independence, 13:331
Lewis, Henry, 1:27
Lewis, Howell
and Central College subscription, 11:325, 11:329
petition to General Assembly, 3:253–3:254
TJ’s debt to, 15:425
Lewis, Isham (TJ’s nephew)
identified, 1:168n
letters from, 1:167–1:168
letters of introduction for, from TJ, 1:215, 1:216
letters to, 1:181–1:182
and murder of slave, 1:168n
seeks TJ’s assistance, 1:167–1:168
TJ offers to teach surveying to, 1:181–1:182
Lewis, James
account of, 4:9
and deposition in Henderson case, 5:179, 5:180, 5:192–5:198, 6:153, 6:198, 6:199, 6:199, 6:200, 6:200, 6:200, 6:200, 6:479
and deposition in Jefferson v. Michie, 7:597, 9:3
desires appointment as Indian agent, 8:32
and Henderson lands, 1:440, 1:454, 1:459, 5:139–5:141, 6:197, 6:197, 6:197, 6:478, 6:479, 6:572, 6:574n, 7:673, 7:673, 7:673, 7:674, 7:674, 11:209
identified, 5:197n
letters from accounted for, 5:198n
letters to accounted for, 5:180n
tends to ill slave, 3:283, 3:367–3:368, 3:529
and TJ’s land dispute with D. Michie, 5:139–5:141, 5:261, 7:597, 7:673, 7:673, 7:673, 7:674, 7:674
Lewis, Jane Woodson (Robert Lewis’s wife), 3:179
Lewis, Jesse
petition to General Assembly, 5:378–5:380
petition to James Monroe
Lewis, Jesse Pitman
and Central College–University of Virginia, 15:91, 15:95, 15:96, 15:96, 15:97, 15:100, 16:303, 16:312, 16:320, 17:625, 17:628, 17:630, 19:55, 20:202, 20:222, 20:225, 20:555
and Central College–University of Virginia subscription, 11:330, 16:304, 17:620
house of, burns, 14:270n
and Jefferson v. Rivanna Company, 14:368
petition to General Assembly, 3:253–3:254, 5:378–5:380
Lewis, John
petition to General Assembly, 4:346–4:349
Lewis, John (of Albemarle Co.)
land grant to, 11:560–11:561
Lewis, John (of Charleston)
as merchant, 13:530–13:531n
Lewis, John (Col.)
land claims of, 11:560–11:561
Lewis, John (George Washington’s grandnephew)
impressed into British navy, 6:145n
Lewis, John (Meriwether Lewis’s granduncle), 6:418
Lewis, Joseph Saunders
recommends J. L. Cathcart, 17:461
Lewis, Joshua, 2:443n
Lewis, Lawrence
estate of, 11:389, 11:391n
Lewis, Lillburne (TJ’s nephew)
family of, 3:90–3:91
and murder of slave, 1:168n
Lewis, Lucy B. See Griffin, Lucy B. Lewis (TJ’s niece)
Lewis, Lucy Jefferson (TJ’s sister; Charles Lilburne Lewis’s wife)
death of, 3:90
family of, 1:168n, 1:415n, 3:90–3:91, 6:611n, 11:520n, 11:538, 11:538n
and property conveyances, 11:479n, 11:479n
Lewis, Lucy Meriwether, 2:120, 2:241, 2:340
Lewis, Martha Amanda Carr. See Monroe, Martha Amanda Carr Lewis (TJ’s niece; Daniel Monroe’s wife)
Lewis, Mary Walker (Nicholas Lewis’s wife)
and apples for TJ, 7:78
family of, 20:306
gives apples to TJ, 5:357
health of, 18:255, 18:654, 20:306
identified, 2:291–2:292n
letters from, 2:291–2:292, 5:357
letters to, 4:38, 7:78, 18:255, 20:306
letters to accounted for, 2:38n
property of, 8:394, 8:423
M. J. Randolph plans visit to, 20:306
seeks appointment for Wood, 4:186–4:187
sells victuals to TJ, 2:37–2:38, 2:291, 2:292n, 4:210
TJ gives wine to, 18:255, 20:306
TJ makes payment for, 7:708, 12:614n
TJ pays, 6:338n, 7:45, 7:45n
TJ sends figs to, 4:38
and vegetables for TJ, 18:255
Lewis, Meriwether
and artifact collection of W. Clark, 1:510
death of, 1:436n, 1:602–1:603, 1:606–1:608, 1:632, 1:668, 2:30, 2:35, 2:42, 2:42, 2:44, 2:120–2:121, 2:121, 2:191–2:192, 2:208, 6:423–6:424, 7:63, 7:64n, 10:444
education of, 6:419, 6:421–6:422, 6:424n, 6:426, 6:426
executor of, 2:123, 2:336, 2:567, 3:110, 3:166
family of, 6:418–6:419
health of, 6:423–6:424
as hunter, 6:419, 6:426
identified, 1:436n
and Indian dialects, 1:520, 1:556, 12:171, 12:172, 12:294, 12:331, 12:637
land warrant granted to, 2:121, 2:122n, 6:424n
letters to, 1:435–1:437
Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1:603, 1:607, 1:630n, 1:668–1:669, 2:30, 2:31, 2:34, 2:72, 2:123, 2:140, 6:417–6:418, 6:422–6:424, 7:31, 7:34–7:35, 7:244–7:245, 8:449n, 9:605n, 9:680–9:681, 9:704–9:706, 10:256–10:257, 11:43, 11:43–11:44n, 11:220, 12:171–12:172, 12:235–12:236, 13:344, 15:288, 19:197–19:198
makes payment for TJ, 6:506, 6:506n
military career of, 6:419, 6:426
and J. Neelly, 2:30–2:31, 2:34, 2:73n, 2:121, 2:191–2:192, 6:423–6:424
papers of, 2:31, 2:34, 2:35n, 2:72, 2:121, 2:122, 2:123–2:124, 2:127, 2:140, 3:181–3:182, 9:704–9:706, 10:40, 10:125, 10:164, 10:256–10:257, 10:377, 10:377, 10:444, 10:445, 10:445, 11:454, 11:486–11:487, 11:574, 12:171–12:172, 12:235–12:236, 12:295, 12:331, 12:463n, 12:636, 12:636n, 12:637, 12:638n
J. Pernier’s claim against estate of, 2:34, 2:192, 2:208–2:209, 2:364, 2:672, 2:673n, 3:49, 3:110
personal belongings of, 2:34, 2:121, 2:123–2:124, 2:191–2:192, 2:192, 2:208, 2:241, 2:340
plants discovered by, 2:90–2:91, 2:140, 4:523–4:524
prepares for Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1:101n, 1:194n, 6:421–6:422
and publication of journals, 1:249, 1:412n, 1:436, 1:443, 1:668–1:669, 3:33, 3:150, 3:166–3:167, 3:181–3:182, 4:147, 6:417, 6:427, 6:429, 6:430, 6:430, 6:531–6:532, 7:63–7:64, 7:244–7:245, 7:244–7:245, 7:245n, 9:309, 9:310n, 9:467, 9:605, 9:704–9:706, 10:377
seeds brought by from the West, 1:192n, 3:150, 3:150n, 3:166, 6:152
and stone block for TJ, 4:66
TJ introduces J. Bradbury to, 1:435–1:436
TJ on, 2:336, 2:340, 6:417–6:418
TJ’s biography of, 6:357, 6:418–6:424, 6:427, 6:429, 6:430, 6:531, 6:532, 7:63, 7:318, 7:319n, 10:257, 10:257n, 10:377, 12:188, 12:281, 16:272, 17:307, 17:342, 17:377n
TJ’s claim against estate of, 2:294, 2:294n, 2:294
TJ sends greetings to, 1:511
TJ’s | |||||
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"Tacir.PRO",
"satış proqramı",
"anbar proqramı"
] | null | TACİR.PRO müəssisə və təşkilatların anbarlarında, topdan və pərakəndə satış məntəqələrində mal-material, pul vəsaitləri qeydiyyatının avtomatlaşdırılması, borclara operativ nəzarət edilməsi, geniş hesabatların əldə edilməsi məqsədilə tərtib edilmişdir. | https://tacir.pro/images/favicon.ico | https://tacir.pro | French author and journalist (1844–1924)
For the metro station, see Anatole France (Paris Métro).
Anatole France (French: [anatɔl fʁɑ̃s]; born François-Anatole Thibault, [frɑ̃swa anatɔl tibo]; 16 April 1844 – 12 October 1924) was a French poet, journalist, and novelist with several best-sellers. Ironic and skeptical, he was considered in his day the ideal French man of letters.[1] He was a member of the Académie Française, and won the 1921 Nobel Prize in Literature "in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements, characterized as they are by a nobility of style, a profound human sympathy, grace, and a true Gallic temperament".[2]
France is also widely believed to be the model for narrator Marcel's literary idol Bergotte in Marcel Proust's In Search of Lost Time.[3]
Early years
[edit]
The son of a bookseller, France, a bibliophile,[4] spent most of his life around books. His father's bookstore specialized in books and papers on the French Revolution and was frequented by many writers and scholars. France studied at the Collège Stanislas, a private Catholic school, and after graduation he helped his father by working in his bookstore.[5] After several years, he secured the position of cataloguer at Bacheline-Deflorenne and at Lemerre. In 1876, he was appointed librarian for the French Senate.[6]
Literary career
[edit]
France began his literary career as a poet and a journalist. In 1869, Le Parnasse contemporain published one of his poems, "La Part de Madeleine". In 1875, he sat on the committee in charge of the third Parnasse contemporain compilation. As a journalist, from 1867, he wrote many articles and notices. He became known with the novel Le Crime de Sylvestre Bonnard (1881).[7] Its protagonist, skeptical old scholar Sylvester Bonnard, embodied France's own personality. The novel was praised for its elegant prose and won him a prize from the Académie Française.[8]
In La Rotisserie de la Reine Pedauque (1893) France ridiculed belief in the occult, and in Les Opinions de Jérôme Coignard (1893), France captured the atmosphere of the fin de siècle. He was elected to the Académie Française in 1896.[9]
France took a part in the Dreyfus affair. He signed Émile Zola's manifesto supporting Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish army officer who had been falsely convicted of espionage.[10] France wrote about the affair in his 1901 novel Monsieur Bergeret.
France's later works include Penguin Island (L'Île des Pingouins, 1908) which satirizes human nature by depicting the transformation of penguins into humans – after the birds have been baptized by mistake by the almost-blind Abbot Mael. It is a satirical history of France, starting in Medieval times, going on to the author's own time with special attention to the Dreyfus affair and concluding with a dystopian future. The Gods Are Athirst (Les dieux ont soif, 1912) is a novel, set in Paris during the French Revolution, about a true-believing follower of Maximilien Robespierre and his contribution to the bloody events of the Reign of Terror of 1793–94. It is a wake-up call against political and ideological fanaticism and explores various other philosophical approaches to the events of the time. The Revolt of the Angels (La Revolte des Anges, 1914) is often considered France's most profound and ironic novel. Loosely based on the Christian understanding of the War in Heaven, it tells the story of Arcade, the guardian angel of Maurice d'Esparvieu. Bored because Bishop d'Esparvieu is sinless, Arcade begins reading the bishop's books on theology and becomes an atheist. He moves to Paris, meets a woman, falls in love, and loses his virginity causing his wings to fall off, joins the revolutionary movement of fallen angels, and meets the Devil, who realizes that if he overthrew God, he would become just like God. Arcade realizes that replacing God with another is meaningless unless "in ourselves and in ourselves alone we attack and destroy Ialdabaoth." "Ialdabaoth", according to France, is God's secret name and means "the child who wanders".
He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921. He died on 13 October 1924[1] and is buried in the Neuilly-sur-Seine Old Communal Cemetery near Paris.
On 31 May 1922, France's entire works were put on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum ("List of Prohibited Books") of the Catholic Church.[11] He regarded this as a "distinction".[12] This Index was abolished in 1966.
Personal life
[edit]
In 1877, France married Valérie Guérin de Sauville, a granddaughter of Jean-Urbain Guérin, a miniaturist who painted Louis XVI.[13] Their daughter Suzanne was born in 1881 (and died in 1918).
France's relations with women were always turbulent, and in 1888 he began a relationship with Madame Arman de Caillavet, who conducted a celebrated literary salon of the Third Republic. The affair lasted until shortly before her death in 1910.[13]
After his divorce, in 1893, France had many liaisons, notably with a Madame Gagey, who committed suicide in 1911.[14]
In 1920, France married for the second time, to Emma Laprévotte.[15]
France had socialist sympathies and was an outspoken supporter of the 1917 Russian Revolution. However he also vocally defended the institution of monarchy as more inclined to peace than bourgeois democracy, saying in relation to efforts to end the First World War that "a king of France, yes a king, would have had pity on our poor, exhausted, bloodied nation. However democracy is without a heart and without entrails. When serving the powers of money, it is pitiless and inhuman."[16] In 1920, he gave his support to the newly founded French Communist Party.[17] In his book The Red Lily, France famously wrote, "The law, in its majestic equality, forbids rich and poor alike to sleep under bridges, to beg in the streets, and to steal loaves of bread."[18]
Reputation
[edit]
The English writer George Orwell defended France and declared that his work remained very readable, and that "it is unquestionable that he was attacked partly from political motives".[19]
Works
[edit]
Poetry
[edit]
Les Légions de Varus, poem published in 1867 in the Gazette rimée.
Poèmes dorés (1873)
Les Noces corinthiennes (The Bride of Corinth) (1876)
Prose fiction
[edit]
Jocaste et le chat maigre (Jocasta and the Famished Cat) (1879)
Le Crime de Sylvestre Bonnard (The Crime of Sylvestre Bonnard) (1881)
Les Désirs de Jean Servien (The Aspirations of Jean Servien) (1882)
Abeille (Honey-Bee) (1883)
Balthasar (1889)
Thaïs (1890)
L'Étui de nacre (Mother of Pearl) (1892)
La Rôtisserie de la reine Pédauque (At the Sign of the Reine Pédauque) (1892)
Nos Enfants (Our Children: Scenes from the Country and the Town) (1886) illustrated by Louis-Maurice Boutet de Monvel
Les Opinions de Jérôme Coignard (The Opinions of Jerome Coignard) (1893)
Le Lys rouge (The Red Lily) (1894)
Le Puits de Sainte Claire (The Well of Saint Clare) (1895)
L'Histoire contemporaine (A Chronicle of Our Own Times)
1: L'Orme du mail (The Elm-Tree on the Mall) (1897)
2: Le Mannequin d'osier (The Wicker-Work Woman) (1897)
3: L'Anneau d'améthyste (The Amethyst Ring) (1899)
4: Monsieur Bergeret à Paris (Monsieur Bergeret in Paris) (1901)
Clio (1900)
Histoire comique (A Mummer's Tale) (1903)
Sur la pierre blanche (The White Stone) (1905)
L'Affaire Crainquebille (1901)
L'Île des Pingouins (Penguin Island) (1908)
Les Contes de Jacques Tournebroche (The Merrie Tales of Jacques Tournebroche) (1908)
Les Sept Femmes de Barbe bleue et autres contes merveilleux (The Seven Wives of Bluebeard and Other Marvelous Tales) (1909)
Bee The Princess of the Dwarfs (1912)
Les dieux ont soif (The Gods Are Athirst) (1912)
La Révolte des anges (The Revolt of the Angels) (1914)
Marguerite (1920) illustrated by Fernand Siméon
Memoirs
[edit]
Le Livre de mon ami (My Friend's Book) (1885)
Pierre Nozière (1899)
Le Petit Pierre (Little Pierre) (1918)
La Vie en fleur (The Bloom of Life) (1922)
Plays
[edit]
Au petit bonheur (1898)
Crainquebille (1903)
La Comédie de celui qui épousa une femme muette (The Man Who Married A Dumb Wife) (1908)
Le Mannequin d'osier (The Wicker Woman) (1928)
Historical biography
[edit]
Vie de Jeanne d'Arc (The Life of Joan of Arc) (1908)
Literary criticism
[edit]
Alfred de Vigny (1869)
Le Château de Vaux-le-Vicomte (1888)
Le Génie Latin (The Latin Genius) (1909)
Social criticism
[edit]
Le Jardin d'Épicure (The Garden of Epicurus) (1895)
Opinions sociales (1902)
Le Parti noir (1904)
Vers les temps meilleurs (1906)
Sur la voie glorieuse (1915)
Trente ans de vie sociale, in four volumes, (1949, 1953, 1964, 1973)
References
[edit]
[edit] | ||||
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5215 | dbpedia | 2 | 95 | https://www.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.7208/chicago/9780226803975.001.0001/upso-9780226803661-chapter-003 | en | [] | [] | [] | [
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5215 | dbpedia | 3 | 3 | https://academic.oup.com/book/3066/chapter/143840840 | en | [] | [] | [] | [
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5215 | dbpedia | 1 | 14 | https://www.abebooks.com/first-edition/ELOGES-PERSONNES-ILLUSTRES-LANCIEN-TESTAMENT-donner/22872942036/bd | en | ELOGES DES PERSONNES ILLUSTRES DE L'ANCIEN TESTAMENT pour donner quelque teinture de l'histoire sacrée à l'usage de Monseigneur le Duc de Bourgogne. by Doujat, Jean.: (1688) | [
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] | null | [] | 1688-08-28T00:00:00 | 1st Edition - Hardcover - A Paris De l Imprimerie de Gabriel Martin - 1688 - 1st Ed. Sm. 8vo. xiv + [ii] + 99pp. 50 engraved emblems in the text. French text. Some browning, hinges taped, contemporary mottled calf boards, some loss to edges, sympathetically rebacked in calf with gilt lettered title label to spine. Jean Doujat (1609-1688) lawyer, Professor of Canon Law at the Royal College, Doctor-regent at the Faculty of Law of Paris and French historian, who was the historiographer of Louis XIV. He also tutored the children of Louis XIV in history and mythology, writing the above book for them. In it he describes fifty biblical characters in the form of a small poem each illustrated with a portrait beneath a simple representative illustration. US$279 - ELOGES DES PERSONNES ILLUSTRES DE L'ANCIEN TESTAMENT pour donner quelque teinture de l'histoire sacrée à l'usage de Monseigneur le Duc de Bourgogne. | en | https://www.abebooks.com/first-edition/ELOGES-PERSONNES-ILLUSTRES-LANCIEN-TESTAMENT-donner/22872942036/bd | Terms of Sale:
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5215 | dbpedia | 2 | 57 | https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/common-law-civil-law-and-colonial-law/index/86C8979430EF416C995E0FA97C34822F | en | Common Law, Civil Law, and Colonial Law | [
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5215 | dbpedia | 2 | 36 | https://www.biblio.com/book/titi-livii-patavini-historiarum-libri-extant/d/1131740167%3Fsrsltid%3DAfmBOop8MCUEN4-xBQHF57uWp242cIybV3RLxEs8Hi6a64siUQNSpY0a | en | Advanced book search | [
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5215 | dbpedia | 1 | 63 | https://words.fromoldbooks.org/Chalmers-Biography/1600/1645.html | en | WORDS: events in and around 1645 | [] | [] | [] | [
"history",
"1648",
"biography",
"dictionaries",
"bibliography"
] | null | [] | null | en | https://words.fromoldbooks.org/Chalmers-Biography/1600/1645.html | 1812 Chalmers’ Biography · 1600 · 1645
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800
Events noted in 1645
The event pages are experimental; the OCR errors in the text mean this is incomplete and unreliable but I offer it in the hopes that it will be of some use. Events shown include births and deaths of people with their own entries, and also the publication dates of some of the works cited. | |||||||
5215 | dbpedia | 1 | 34 | https://www.manchesterhive.com/downloadpdf/9781526110510/9781526110510.00011.xml | en | Military occupation in French frontier strategy | [
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] | 2016-05-16T00:00:00 | This chapter deals with the way the military occupations developed, from conquest to ideas of possible annexation. It explores how they relate to French strategy for the north-eastern and south-eastern frontiers during Louis XIV's personal reign. If in the second half of Louis XIV's personal rule France maintained some control over Lorraine without too much difficulty, the picture was far messier when it came to the lands of the duke of Savoy. After Nijmegen, French frontier strategy, as directed by Louvois and Vauban, centred on the creation of the pre carre, a more defensible geometric frontier marked by a more linear fortress barrier. The great defences created by Louvois and Vauban on the Lorraine frontier comprised Phalsbourg, Longwy and Sarrelouis, strengthened by the acquisition of Strasbourg in 1681 and Luxembourg in 1684. | en | /fileasset/fileasset/Hexagon.png | manchesterhive | https://www.manchesterhive.com/display/9781526110510/9781526110510.00011.xml | You are not authenticated to view the full text of this chapter or article.
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5215 | dbpedia | 1 | 59 | https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/browse%3Ftype%3Dlcsubc%26key%3DPrakrit%2520languages%2520%252D%252D%2520Dictionaries%26c%3Dx | en | The Online Books Page | [] | [] | [] | [
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5215 | dbpedia | 2 | 50 | https://academic.oup.com/book/1912/chapter/141686857 | en | [] | [] | [] | [
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5215 | dbpedia | 1 | 68 | https://www.scribd.com/document/39105805/St-Vincent-Leters-Vol-5-Ltr | en | St. Vincent Leters Vol 5 LTR | https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/document/39105805/original/ce04653388/1724888305?v=1 | https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/document/39105805/original/ce04653388/1724888305?v=1 | [
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] | null | St. Vincent Leters Vol 5 Ltr - Free ebook download as Word Doc (.doc), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read book online for free. Vincent writes to Jean Dehorgny, the superior of the priests in Rome, about writing a letter to Cardinal Altieri per Dehorgny's request. He asks Dehorgny to review the letter and suggest any changes. He also asks Dehorgny to visit Cardinal Antoine to renew offers of obedience and reassure him regarding some members of his household who were seized. Vincent mentions others who are traveling and says he eagerly awaits Dehorgny's return to Paris. | en | https://s-f.scribdassets.com/scribd.ico?a8b0030f2?v=5 | Scribd | https://www.scribd.com/document/39105805/St-Vincent-Leters-Vol-5-Ltr | |||
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] | null | [] | null | This book deals with the French military occupations of Lorraine and Savoy during the personal rule of Louis XIV (1661-1... | en | dokumen.pub | https://dokumen.pub/absolute-monarchy-on-the-frontiers-louis-xivs-military-occupations-of-lorraine-and-savoy-1nbsped-9781526110510-9780719087165.html | Citation preview
Absolute monarchy on the frontiers Louis XIV’s military occupations of Lorraine and Savoy
PHIL M C CLUSKEY
Absolute monarchy on the frontiers
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STUDI ES I N EARLY MODERN EURO P EA N HIS TORY This series aims to publish challenging and innovative research in all areas of early moderncontinental history. The editors are committed to encouraging work that engages with current historiographical debates, adopts an interdisciplinary approach, or makes an original contribution to ourunderstanding of the period. series editors Joseph Bergin, William G. Naphy, Penny Roberts and Paolo Rossi Also available in the series Jews on trial:The papal inquisition in Modena, 1598-1638 Katherine Aron-Beller Sodomy in early modern Europe ed. Tom Betteridge The Malleus Maleficarum and the construction of witchcraft Hans Peter Broedel Latin books and the Eastern Orthodox clerical elite in Kiev, 1632–1780 Liudmila V. Charipova Fathers, pastors and kings: visions of episcopacy in seventeenth-century France Alison Forrestal Princely power in the Dutch Republic: Patronage and William Frederick of Nassau (1613–64) Geert H. Janssen, trans. J. C. Grayson Representing the King’s splendour: Communication and reception of symbolic forms of power in viceregal Naples Gabriel Guarino The English Republican tradition and eighteenth-century France: between the ancients and the moderns Rachel Hammersley Power and reputation at the court of Louis XIII: the career of Charles d’Albert, duc de Luynes (1578–1621) Sharon Kettering Popular science and public opinion in eighteenth-century France Michael R. Lynn Catholic communities in Protestant states: Britain and the Netherlands c.1570–1720 eds Bob Moore, Henk van Nierop, Benjamin Kaplan and Judith Pollman Religion and superstition in Reformation Europe eds Helen Parish and William G. Naphy Religious choice in the Dutch Republic: the reformation of Arnoldus Buchelus (1565–1641) Judith Pollman Witchcraft narratives in Germany: Rothenburg, 1561–1652 Alison Rowlands Orangism in the Dutch Republic in word and image, 1650–1675 Jill Stern Authority and society in Nantes during the French Wars of Religion, 1559–98 Elizabeth C. Tingle The great favourite: the Duke of Lerma and the court and government of Philip III of Spain, 1598–1621
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Absolute monarchy on the frontiers Louis XIV’s military occupations of Lorraine and Savoy PHIL McCLUSKEY
Manchester University Press Manchester and New York distributed exclusively in the USA by Palgrave Macmillan
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Copyright © Phil McCluskey 2013 The right of Phil McCluskey to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 Published by Manchester University Press Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9NR, UK and Room 400, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk Distributed exclusively in the USA by Palgrave Macmillan, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA Distributed exclusively in Canada by UBC Press, University of British Columbia, 2029 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z2 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for ISBN 978 0 7190 8716 5 hardback First published 2013 The publisher has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for any external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Typeset in Perpetua with Albertus display by Koinonia, Manchester
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For MJA
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Contents
A note on terms Acknowledgements Abbreviations Maps Introduction
page viii ix x xi 1
I The eastern frontiers of France in the age of Louis XIV 1 Lorraine, Savoy and the frontiers of France 2 Military occupation in French frontier strategy
11 33
II Administration on the frontiers 3 The structures of occupation 4 The burdens of occupation
65 86
III The local elites under French occupation 5 The nobilities 6 The administrative elites 7 The church
119 146 172
Conclusions
196
Appendix: Officers of the sovereign companies of Savoy, 1690–1713 Select bibliography Index
202 207 217
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A note on terms
The terminology of early modern composite states poses particular problems for modern Anglophone historians. To avoid confusion, I use the terms ‘Savoy’ and ‘Savoyard’ to refer specifically to the duchy of Savoy, while ‘Piedmont-Savoy’ and ‘Sabaudian’ are used for the composite possessions of the duke of Savoy. ‘Lorraine’ designates the composite state of the dukes of Lorraine, except where I have indicated a distinction between the duchy of Lorraine and the duchy of Bar. Equally problematic is the rendering into English of Lorrain/Lorraine, which is both an adjective of nationality and the word for a native of Lorraine; in the interests of simplicity I use the form ‘Lorrain’ for both, e.g. the Lorrain nobility, a Lorrain.
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Acknowledgements
I am very grateful to the Arts and Humanities Research Council, the British Academy and the Scouloudi Foundation for their financial support when I was carrying out the research for this book. My thanks are also due to several people for their generosity and assistance, without which this book would not have taken quite the same shape: Mette Harder, Steve Murdoch, David Parrott, Jonathan Spangler, Grant Tapsell, Sara Wolfson and in particular Guy Rowlands. The staff of Manchester University Press also deserve acknowledgement for having made the publishing process remarkably straightforward. On a personal level, I would like to acknowledge my thanks to my parents, who have given me their unquestioning support, for which I will always be grateful. Parts of chapters 2, 5 and 6 previously appeared in the article ‘From Regime Change to Réunion: Louis XIV’s Quest for Legitimacy in Lorraine, 1670–97’ in the English Historical Review, 126 (2011), pp. 1386–1407, and are reproduced here with the permission of Oxford University Press. Phil McCluskey Manchester
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Abbreviations
AAE CP Archives des Affaires Etrangères, Correspondance Politique Lorr. Lorraine Lorr. Sup. Lorraine Supplément Sard. Sardaigne ADMM
Archives Départementales de Meurthe-et-Moselle
ADS
Archives Départementales de Savoie
AMA RD Archives Municipales d’Annecy, Registre des Délibérations AMC
Archives Municipales de Chambéry
AMN Ord. Archives Municipales de Nancy, collection of royal ordonnances AN
Archives Nationales
Archivio di Stato di Torino, Paesi AST P Sav. Savoie: ‘Ecritures concernant le duché, et province de Savoye’ BMN
Bibliothèque Municipale de Nancy
Bibliothèque Nationale de France BN Col. Lorr. Collection Lorraine Mél. Col. Mélanges Colbert Man. Fr. Manuscrits Français NAF Nouvelles Acquisitions Françaises SHDT
Service Historique de la Défense, Fonds de l’Armée de Terre
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M eus
e Arras
mb
rés
e
EL
in
CHANN
Lille Ca
Rh
ISH ENGL
Flanders Ar toi s
is
Cambrai Luxembourg Longwy
Landau
Verdun
Metz
Paris
Strasbourg
Nancy
Alsa
Toul
ce
Lorraine
Besançon FrancheComté
B AY
Savoy
Lyon
Chambéry
OF B I S C AY
Rhon
e
Grenoble
Frontiers of the kingdom of France in 1715 Annexed pays conquis
Nice
Territories occupied under Louis XIV and subsequently relinquished Rou
0 0
County of Nice
ssi
llon
Perpignan
200 kms 200 miles
N EA AN R R MEDITE
A SE
Map 1: The frontiers of Louis XIV’s France
Map 1 / MUP / AB / DS / 23.10.2012
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Verdun Metz
St. Mihiel Bar-le-Duc Nancy
Toul
Bishopric of Metz Bishopric of Toul
Épinal
Bishopric of Verdun Barrois mouvant Barrois non mouvant Duchy of Lorraine
0
50 kms
0
50 miles
Map 2: Political boundaries of Lorraine in the seventeenth century
Map 2 / MUP / AB / DS / 23.10.2012
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LUXEMBOURG Longwy
S
aa r
Thionville M
eu se
Vaudrevange Boulay VERDUN
Hombourg
Bouquenom Fénétrange
Rosières Commercy Ligny
Bitche
Sarralbe
Saint-Mihiel BAR-LE-DUC
Sarreguemines
Saint-Avold
Mose
lle
METZ
TOUL
Liverdun
Dieuze
Marsal
NANCY
Lixheim Sarrebourg
Lunéville M
eu
r
th
e
Rambervilliers Saint-Dié
Epinal
0
Remiremont
50 kms
0
50 miles
Map 3:The Lorraine region
Map 3 / MUP / AB / DS / 23.10.2012
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0
100 kms
0
CHABLAIS
Geneva 100 miles
FAUCIGNY
St-Julienen-Genevois
Benneville Bonneville
GENEVOIS SAVOY PROPER
Geneva
Annecy
Moutiers
Chambéry
TARENTAISE Sain-Jeande-Maurienne MAURIENNE
Annecy
Chambéry
DUCHY OF SAVOY
DUCHY OF AOSTA
Montmelian Montmélian
Grenoble
Briançon
Casale
Turin
Fenestrelles Fenestrelle Exilles
Dauphiné
Milan
PRINCIPALITY OF PIEDMONT
Pignerolo
Genoa
Embrun
FRANCE
Barcelonette COUNTY OF NICE
Provence
Toulon
Oneglia
Nice
L I G U R I AN S E A
N NEA RA R E MEDIT
SEA
Map 4: The duchy of Savoy and the Savoyard state, c. 1690
Map 4 / MUP / AB / DS / 23.10.2012
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Introduction
‘The frontier has always devoured French history’ (Fernand Braudel)1
The slow process of expansion by which France took the form of l’hexagone has been the object of much historical interest over the years. Louis XIV’s reign has naturally been the focus of much of this, as the Sun King presided over the acquisition of several new provinces which added significantly to the kingdom’s dimensions. Traditionally, the small states such as Lorraine and Piedmont-Savoy that were conquered, absorbed or dismembered along the way were ignored.Yet in the shadow of both the cultural and transnational ‘turns’, historians have begun to look anew at the way states and societies along the kingdom’s frontiers reacted to growing French influence. French territorial ambitions and consequent military activity during the reign of Louis XIV ensured that a number of territories bordering on France were subject to military occupation for strategic reasons from the 1660s onwards. That these territories were conquered and subsequently handed back to their original rulers is something that historians have so far failed to address. It is the purpose of this book to investigate the occupations of two of these territories, Lorraine and Savoy, both of which were occupied twice during the course of Louis’s personal rule: Lorraine in 1670–97 and 1702–14, Savoy in 1690–96 and again in 1703–13. Part of the reason for the neglect of this topic lies in the curious nature of military occupation: a product of warfare but distinct from the conduct of hostilities.2 This is especially true for the early modern period, when military occupation was a relatively new concept and its definition still imprecise. After 1500, it became widely accepted that rulers could further their war aims through the temporary domination of foreign territory, whereas earlier, during the High Middle Ages, conquest alone made a change of ruler both lawful and lasting. The term occupatio bellica appeared in the seventeenth century as part of the evolution from the medieval theory of just war (bellum iustum) to the theory of legal war (bellum legale publicum), an evolution which occurred in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.3 The conqueror’s rights to dispose of the
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2
absolute monarchy on the frontiers
territory were upheld by theorists such as Grotius. The rationale was that the conqueror was allowed to reap his just military rewards during the prosecution of war itself. Grotius conceded far-reaching rights and powers to the conqueror over the lives and the freedom of the people of the conquered territory and their movable goods.4 He nevertheless advised moderation in the treatment of conquered populations, and argued that it was better to leave them to govern themselves if this did not interfere with the interests of the conqueror, as this would be beneficial to both parties in the long term.5 As so few studies of societies under occupation in the early modern period have been undertaken in any depth,6 it is necessary to draw on some of the methodological questions that have arisen in the study of more recent military occupations. One particularly useful development is the ambition to open up a comparative study of territories under occupation. In the conclusion to their highly influential publication of the proceedings of a 1990 conference held in Paris, Jean-Pierre Azéma and François Bédarida suggested the importance of studying the comparative history of European countries during the Second World War, adding: ‘In short, far from wishing to erase the differences, comparative history has had as its principal function to bring them very much to the forefront’.7 Philippe Burrin, moreover, has argued that, ‘a comparative method, in aiming to establish similarities and differences, requires an effort at conceptualization that may well lead historians to new questions’.8 Burrin has also shown how Nazi Europe represented a patchwork, as Hitler settled each situation by the expedients dictated by the political, strategic and ideological interests of the moment, hence the variation in the forms of domination, exploitation and persecution.9 Policies of occupation can vary greatly, as is evident if the Nazi ‘patchwork’ is compared with the relative (though by no means straightforward) uniformity of the occupation policies of Napoleon. Tim Blanning also followed this method in attempting to identify the most important similarities and differences between the experience of the Rhineland and that of other parts of Frenchoccupied Germany in the 1790s. The role of the French army was central to that comparison: military exploitation was a common experience shared by all who came under French occupation, but there was considerable variation in the political framework that came with it.10 Such a comparative approach applied to the occupations of Louis XIV’s reign will show whether the Bourbon monarchy applied a uniform structure to its occupations of foreign lands, or whether its methods varied according to time and place. New approaches have also focused on the face-to-face interaction between occupier and occupied, on the levels of both the lived experience and symbolic representation.11 In 2005, for instance, Jacques Hantraye produced a study of the allied occupation of France of 1815–18. This work concentrated on the meeting
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introduction
3
of different peoples, and the effects that this had on the collective psychology of both the occupiers and occupied, discussing the complexity of feelings and hesitations, and the confusion of attitudes, caused by the new experience of invasion and occupation. As Hantraye pointed out, ‘this dive into the mass of the population offers many suggestions to those who are interested in earlier occupations’.12 Though the wealth of private letters and journals available to the historian of the modern period is not available for the early modernist, this nevertheless highlights the importance of attempting to reconstruct attitudes in order to understand the way occupations progressed. Historians of the Grand Règne have so far failed to adapt to these methodological developments. Consequently, studies of territories under occupation in this period still tend to focus almost exclusively on the military, legal or administrative aspects of occupation.13 The inherent problem with this approach is that it shows only the official view, and the intentions of the occupier often differed greatly from reality.14 Inadequacies of supply for instance (a chronic problem in the later wars of Louis XIV’s reign, given the ramshackle state of the French economy) meant that, whatever the government’s objectives might have been, soldiers had no choice but to take their subsistence into their own hands.15 Lorraine and Savoy constitute ideal case studies for an initial comparative analysis of French occupations in the reign of Louis XIV. Both territories had much in common with France in language, culture, institutions and social structures. They were also almost exclusively Catholic,16 which largely precludes the need to factor French policy towards Protestants and Jews into the analysis. In many ways, Lorraine and Savoy presented far fewer challenges to French administrators than did Roussillon, Alsace or Flanders, which were all occupied and then permanently annexed.17 In short, Lorraine and Savoy have sufficient in common to make a comparative study of them manageable, but there are also sufficient differences between them to make such a study worthwhile. Furthermore, neither territory has been subjected to recent historical analysis for the period in question.18 An overview of the occupations of Lorraine and Savoy would therefore be valuable in itself. These territories were among the last territorial additions to mainland France: Lorraine was officially annexed on the death of its last duke, Stanislas Leszczyński, in 1766, and Savoy following a plebiscite in 1860. French scholars have devoted much attention and a sizeable quantity of scholarly works to Lorraine. This interest must in part be ascribed to the importance of the region in the national psyche, arising from its partial loss to the German Empire in 1871, together with the long-held historiographical concern about ‘natural frontiers’. English-speaking historians, in contrast, have largely ignored Lorraine, perhaps not fully understanding the situation of this sovereign duchy. Like PiedmontSavoy, it was a state in its own right and a home-grown patriot literature existed:
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absolute monarchy on the frontiers
Lorrain chroniclers of the eighteenth century wrote virulently anti-French accounts of Louis XIV’s occupation of 1670–97, accounts which had a lasting influence on later historians. These made out that the occupation was almost an act of brigandage, perpetrated with as much bad faith as brutality.19 Nineteenthcentury historians, such as Haussonville, predictably focused excessively on the lives and actions of the princes, rather than the situation in the duchies. However, in 1931, Edgar de Lanouvelle published a re-examination of the official correspondence and a different tale began to emerge: the French governor Marshal Créqui, it was now argued, completed a thankless task with ‘vigour and moderation’.20 But this was still only part of the story. Guy Cabourdin provided an excellent synthesis of existing works on the French occupations of Lorraine in his Encyclopédie illustrée de la Lorraine, but we still lack an up-to-date account based on thorough archival research.21 For Savoy, there exists no systematic study in French or English of the French occupations of 1690–96 and 1703–13. As part of a larger composite state, the duchy of Savoy as an entity in itself has been the subject of few studies.22 Finding things of relevance to the French occupations of the duchy therefore involves usually unrewarding consultation of locally written micro-histories with limited geographical and conceptual focus.23 Moreover, the tradition of local studies as part of French (and Italian) historiography, together with the political destiny which separated Savoy and Nice from Piedmont in 1860, meant that there were until recently few works that dealt with the Savoyard state as a whole: French scholars studied Savoy and Nice while their Italian counterparts studied Piedmont. Recent English-language studies of the Savoyard state, notably those of Geoffrey Symcox and Christopher Storrs, have begun to overcome this limited perspective. Though dealing with the territories of the House of Savoy as a whole, they devote some attention to the importance of the regions, where particularism still held sway against uniformity well into the reign of Victor Amadeus II. Storrs’s work also assesses the impact of the French occupations of Savoy on state formation. Both Storrs and Symcox therefore provide, up to a point, the necessary ‘state-wide’ context in which the duchy of Savoy must be placed.24 Studies of Lorraine and Savoy under occupation also have the potential to reveal much about the workings of the French state, through an investigation of the ways in which the local elites collaborated with the centre, on what terms, and why. Since the 1960s, revisionist historians have discredited the old idea of a powerful, autonomous, absolute monarchy reducing unruly society to obedience in the name of modernity and progress. While Louis XIV succeeded in drawing the state and France’s elites closer together after the Frondes, he was a traditionalist who maintained stability entirely through the effective use of traditional modes of governance.25 Yet there remain sizeable gaps in the work of the
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introduction
5
revisionists: in particular, there is a lack of diversity in provincial studies.William Beik and James Collins provided important studies of Languedoc and Brittany respectively, but both of these provinces were pays d’états; equivalent political studies of the pays conquis have tended to lack the same depth or breadth of vision, with the exception of Georges Livet’s study of Alsace of 1956 and Daryl Dee’s more recent work on the Franche-Comté.26 Another large gap in our understanding of French politics under Louis XIV arises from a still considerable neglect of the crisis-filled second half of the reign. Only very recently have historians begun to analyse the effects of prolonged warfare on the development of the absolute monarchy;27 and based on these initial findings it looks increasingly likely that some of the conclusions of the revisionists – particularly their emphasis on co-operation and compromise – are relevant only to the first half of reign, as the monarchy resorted to more coercive measures after 1688. The occupations of Lorraine and Savoy together span forty-four years of Louis XIV’s personal rule, with Lorraine occupied around the time Louis was developing a new relationship with the pays d’états, and Savoy occupied during the two great wars later in the reign. They therefore offer a particular, if unusual, platform from which to view any evolution in the crown’s relations with the local elites, should any such evolution exist. Another debate to which the study of these occupations can contribute is that of Louis XIV’s policy towards France’s eastern frontier.With the noteworthy exception of Daniel Nordman, most historians in recent years have steered well clear of the issue.28 The topic has been imbued with so many erroneous agendas over the past century and a half, be they nationalist, étatist or whiggish, or simply resulting from an insufficient grasp of archival material, that many have been daunted by the task and decided to leave well alone. While twentiethcentury historians such as Gaston Zeller broke with the old ‘exultant and emphatic’ vision of the national past, they left an extremely fractured picture.29 Historians nowadays tend to agree that no early modern decision maker had any grand strategies for the conduct of foreign relations; as Andrew Lossky put it, ‘Most were pragmatically willing to take advantage of developments to achieve whatever gains were possible.’30 The most recent treatments stress that Louis’ ideas on foreign policy were often disjointed or incompatible, and the changes in his views through his reign were profound. Furthermore, in the field of international relations it has recently been argued that second-rank powers like Piedmont–Savoy helped circumscribe the options of major powers, whose policies may have been more reactive than hitherto appreciated.31 One further theme contributes to the overall shape and content of this book. Lorraine and Savoy were frontier societies, situated in the borderlands between the kingdom of France and the Holy Roman Empire. Though these boundaries were invisible, relations between the French on one side and the
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Lorrains and the Savoyards on the other were conditioned by long-standing and deeply-held preconceptions of each other. These conceptions would have a decisive impact on the course of the occupations. Historians working in the field of frontier studies have called for approaches to and analyses of frontier societies from a local rather than centrist perspective.32 This study therefore aims to provide as much local perspective as possible. It is notoriously difficult, however, for historians of early modern societies to gauge the mood of a large group of people, even using modern methods such as prosopography. The present study does not, therefore, claim to tell the story of these occupations with equal emphasis on both points of view. This would be impossible, given the relative paucity of sources available for the occupied populations in this period. Its focus is principally on France’s policy towards occupied territories.Yet it will become clear that, to fully understand the formulation of French policy, one must take into account the attitudes and priorities of the occupied populations themselves. This study draws upon a wide range of sources, including archival material from Paris, Vincennes, Nancy, Chambéry, Annecy and Turin, as well as relevant secondary literature. Yet, as with many comparative studies, the same quantity and variety of sources are not available for each case study. In the French war archives, the volume of ministerial correspondence grows exponentially during the 1690s and 1700s, but is comparatively scant for much of the earlier period of the occupation of Lorraine, particularly between the Treaty of Nijmegen (1679) and the outbreak of the Nine Years War (1688). Furthermore, the suppression of the sovereign courts of Lorraine in early 1671 meant that the companies kept no records for almost the entire period of the French occupation, effectively depriving the Lorrain elites of any collective voice. By contrast, the periods of occupation of Savoy have left more abundant records, both from the French administrators and from the Savoyard elites. These disparities mean that the behaviour and motivations of both the French and the occupied populations are easier to understand in some periods and in some contexts than in others. Chapter 1 provides some necessary background in terms of French frontier strategy during the seventeenth century, and also relations between France, Lorraine and Piedmont-Savoy in the longer term; it includes a brief account of the occupation of Lorraine under cardinals Richelieu and Mazarin, to provide useful comparison with an earlier occupation. Chapter 2 then gives a narrative analysis of the occupations from the point of view of France’s strategic priorities. Chapters 3 and 4 consider the administrative side of the occupations, in terms of the structures and personnel put in place by the French regime and the financial and security burdens imposed on occupier and occupied. In Part III, the final chapters of the book investigate French policy towards elite groups, and their reactions to French occupation. Chapter 5 looks at the ways in which
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7
the nobilities responded: whether they chose to collaborate with or resist the French, and what forms that collaboration and resistance took. In Chapter 6, attention turns to those who held offices in occupied territories, in the sovereign courts – where they continued to exist – as well as in the lower, subaltern courts and the towns. Finally, Chapter 7 considers the church: French policies towards, and the responses of, the episcopate, the religious superiors and the lower regular and secular clergy. By taking a thematic, comparative approach to the occupations of Lorraine and Savoy, this book attempts to identify the key similarities and differences between the way the French governed these territories and behaved towards the native populations. It considers the range of dynamic factors that influenced the course of the occupations, placing equal emphasis on issues of geopolitics (i.e., the reasons for the occupations and the reasons for relinquishing the territories), frontier administration and the socio-cultural factors which determined relations between France and the local populations. In doing so, it provides an original perspective on the aims and intentions, and also the limitations, of the early modern French state.
Notes
1 F. Braudel, The identity of France, trans. S. Reynolds (2 vols., London, 1988), i, p. 309. 2 P. Stirk, The politics of military occupation (Edinburgh, 2009), pp. 1–3. 3 H. Steiger, ‘ “Occupatio bellica” in der Literatur des Völkerrechts der Christenheit (Spätmittel alter bis 18. Jahrhundert)’ in M. Meumann and J. Rogge (eds), Die besetzte Res publica, pp. 201–40. 4 H. Grotius, The rights of war and peace, ed. R. Tuck (3 vols., Indianapolis, IN, 2005), iii, pp. 1375–7. 5 Ibid., iii, pp. 1507–10. 6 The English occupation of Scotland under Oliver Cromwell is one that has attracted significant attention from historians: e.g., F. Dow, Cromwellian Scotland (Edinburgh, 1979), and S. Barber, ‘The formation of cultural attitudes: the example of the three kingdoms in the 1650s’ in A. I. Macinnes and J. Ohlmeyer (eds), The Stuart kingdoms in the seventeenth century (Dublin, 2002). 7 J.-P. Azéma and F. Bédarida, Vichy et les Français (Paris, 1992), p. 767. 8 P. Burrin, ‘Writing the History of Military Occupations’ in S. Fishman et al. (eds), France at war: Vichy and the historians (Oxford, 2000), p. 78. 9 P. Burrin, ‘Vichy et les expériences étrangères’ in Azéma and Bédarida, Vichy et les Français, p. 650. 10 T. C. W. Blanning, The French Revolution in Germany: occupation and resistance in the Rhineland, 1792–1802 (Oxford, 1983), pp. 317–19. See also Michael Broers’ The Napoleonic empire in Italy, 1796–1814: cultural imperialism in a European context? (Basingstoke, 2005), pp. 175–207 on the political frameworks put in place across Italy under Napoleon. 11 Burrin, ‘Writing the History’, p. 81. 12 J. Hantraye, Les Cosaques aux Champs-Elysées: L’Occupation de la France après la chute de Napoléon (Paris, 2005), p. 6. 13 See for example H. van Houtte, Les Occupations étrangères en Belgique sous l’ancien régime (Paris, 1930); I. Lameire, Les Occupations militaires en Italie pendant les guerres de Louis XIV (Paris 1903). For a recent, administrative study of Louis XIV’s occupation of Nice, see Pierre-Olivier Chaumet’s Louis XIV ‘Comte de Nice’: Etude politique et institutionnelle d’une annexion inaboutie (1691–1713) (Nice, 2006).
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14 See K. H. Wegert, German radicals confront the common people: revolutionary politics and popular politics, 1789–1849 (Mainz, 1992), p. 19; Blanning, French Revolution, p. 83. 15 See G. Rowlands, The financial decline of a great power: war, influence and money in Louis XIV’s France (Oxford, 2012). 16 A small number of Protestants continued to live in the Vosges mountains in Lorraine, as well as in the southern Alps bordering on Savoy. Lorraine was also home to a very small community of Jews, but there were none in Savoy. See below, pp. 16 and 24. 17 On these territories see E. Coornaert, La Flandre française de la langue flamande (Paris, 1970); G. Livet, L’Intendance d’Alsace de la guerre de trente ans à la morte de Louis XIV, 1634–1715 (2nd edn, Strasbourg, 1991); D. Stewart, Assimilation and acculturation in seventeenth-century Europe: Roussillon and France, 1659–1715 (Westport, CT, 1997). 18 By contrast, the earlier French occupation of Lorraine (1631–61) has been fairly well documented: M.C.Vignal Souleyreau, Richelieu et la Lorraine (Paris, 2004); P. Martin, Une guerre de trente ans en Lorraine, 1631–1661 (Metz, 2002). 19 See for example A. Calmet, Histoire ecclesiastique et civile de Lorraine (4 vols., Nancy, 1728); J. Cléron de Haussonville, Histoire de la réunion de la Lorraine à la France (4 vols., Paris, 1860). 20 E. Lanouvelle, Le Maréchal de Créquy (Paris, 1931). 21 G. Cabourdin, Encyclopédie illustrée de la Lorraine: Les temps modernes (2 vols., Nancy, 1991). 22 One noteworthy exception to this is Jean Nicolas’s social and economic history, La Savoie au 18e siècle: Noblesse et bourgeoisie (2 vols., Paris, 1978). 23 There are, however, one or two short yet useful studies, e.g. J. C. Devos, ‘Aspects de l’occupation française en Savoie (1703–1712)’, Actes du Congres National – Sociétés Savantes Section D Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine, 85 (1960); drawing on documents from the war archives, this deals with some of the military and fiscal aspects of the occupation. 24 C. Storrs, War, diplomacy and the rise of Savoy, 1690–1720 (Cambridge, 1999); G. Symcox, Victor Amadeus II: absolutism in the Savoyard state, 1675–1730 (London, 1983). 25 W. Beik, ‘The Absolutism of Louis XIV as Social Collaboration’, Past and Present 188 (2005). 26 W. Beik, Absolutism and society in seventeenth-century France: state power and provincial aristocracy (Cambridge, 1985); J. Collins, Classes, estates and order in early-modern Brittany (Cambridge, 1994); D. Dee, Expansion and crisis in Louis XIV’s France: the Franche-Comté and absolute monarchy (Rochester, NY, 2009); Livet, L’Intendance d’Alsace. 27 See for instance Dee, Expansion and crisis, and J. Swann, Provincial power and absolute monarchy: the Estates General of Burgundy, 1661–1790 (Cambridge, 2003), particularly chapters 6 and 7. 28 See D. Nordman, Frontières de France: de l’espace au territoire, XVIe–XIXe siècle (Paris, 1998). 29 Ibid., p. 90. 30 A. Lossky, ‘ “Maxims of State” in Louis XIV’s Foreign Policy in the 1680s’ in J. Bromley and R. Hatton (eds), William III and Louis XIV (Liverpool, 1968), p. 8. 31 J. Black, European international relations, 1648–1815 (Basingstoke, 2002), p. 42. 32 See for instance the introduction to Steven Ellis and Reingard Eßer’s Frontiers and the writing of history, 1500–1850 (Hanover, 2006).
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Part I The eastern frontiers of France in the age of Louis XIV
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1 Lorraine, Savoy and the frontiers of France
Lorraine and Savoy existed in the political and cultural borderlands that separated France from, respectively, the Rhenish imperial principalities and Reichsitalien. Through the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the rulers and elites of these frontier territories found themselves caught in the ongoing power struggle between the Valois/Bourbons and the Habsburgs, who jostled for influence in these small but strategically vital territories.1 Subject to frequent French military intervention over the centuries, both were occupied either wholly or partly on two separate occasions during the personal rule of Louis XIV. This chapter examines the background to the conquest and occupation of these territories during the reign of the Sun King. It begins with a brief exploration of French Government policies on the eastern frontiers of the kingdom in this period, with the aim of identifying the priorities and mindset of the king and his ministers. This context is essential in understanding the occupations of Savoy and Lorraine. This chapter also seeks to establish the political, social, economic and cultural circumstances of the territories themselves. Historians of more recent military occupations have demonstrated that, to fully comprehend the priorities and attitudes of both occupier and occupied, it is essential to understand the regime that preceded the occupation.2 Lorraine and Savoy were not, as they have sometimes been portrayed, wayward frontier provinces of France. Both were components of larger politico-dynastic sovereign entities which had their own ancient, separate histories.The dukes of Lorraine and Savoy ruled over ‘composite’ states (though they were composite by varying degrees),3 which comprised disparate lands held together principally by bonds of dynastic loyalty. The internal dynamics of these composite political structures would have an important effect on the way these territories responded to foreign occupation, as will become clear in Part III of this book.
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French frontier strategy under Louis XIV The first three decades of Louis XIV’s personal rule saw significant territorial additions to the kingdom of France. At the Peace of the Pyrenees in 1659, the Spanish province of Rosselló and part of the Cerdanya region were annexed and became the province of Roussillon. In the north, the border was gradually pushed back as parts of the Spanish Netherlands were annexed piecemeal at the Peace of the Pyrenees and the treaties of Aix-la-Chapelle (1668) and Nijmegen (1678), and Lorraine, the Franche-Comté, Strasbourg, Luxembourg and other réunion territories on the north-eastern frontier were conquered in the 1670s and early 1680s (see Map 1). Current thinking on the strategy behind these acquisitions is that Louis XIV was continuing the principal concern of French rulers for centuries: securing the kingdom’s borders through the acquisition of buffer zones and more defensible frontiers.4 The Valois and Bourbon kings had gained territories and fortifications on the Rhine and at strategic sites in northern Italy as a means of pursuing offensive and defensive warfare more effectively. As Gaston Zeller put it, ‘the ideal frontier was not only, nor even principally, that which sheltered the French from invasion; it was above all that which would permit them to carry their arms outside of the kingdom’.5 The real Leitmotiv of Louis XIV’s reign, it now seems, was ensuring the security of the Bourbon dynasty and the maintenance, if not strengthening, of the kingdom by boosting French prestige and influence. Partly this could be attained by the acquisition of territory to further develop these ‘strategic frontiers’ and partly by bringing surrounding smaller states directly into France’s orbit. Louis’s strategic goals were in many ways a continuation of the all-embracing concept of ‘long-term security’ seen in the assertive foreign policy of Cardinal Richelieu, whereby the cardinal sought to gain the greatest possible territorial and strategic advantages for France.6 In particular, Richelieu’s government was preoccupied for much of the early 1630s with the threat of an invasion across France’s eastern frontiers, and adopted the geostrategic concept of ‘gates’ – points of secure entry and exit for troops operating in Germany; he also occupied territories on France’s frontiers as a means of guaranteeing communications with France’s allies while disrupting Habsburg communication routes. Although the French crown routinely advanced dynastic claims to further its strategic aims on the frontiers throughout the seventeenth century, these claims had largely become a mere matter of form. Dynastic ambition was without doubt still a driving force in French foreign policy, but by Louis XIV’s reign it was tempered by a more general stress on considerations of raison d’état.7 These policies also reflected contemporary notions of the frontière, which by the seventeenth century denoted a liminal space at the extremity of the realm, a zone that could shrink, expand or shift location following territorial
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changes.8 Yet such concepts were far from static through this period. Despite a revisionist stress on limited change in international relations before and after the Peace of Westphalia, improvements in mapping in the second half of the seventeenth century led to a firmer grasp of the nature both of the frontier and of political sovereignty.9 This evolution in mentalities was certainly reflected in policy: from the 1670s, strategists such as Vauban advocated the creation of more linear frontiers and, over the course of Louis XIV’s reign, the northern border which stretched from the North Sea to the Meuse was successfully squared off.10 But in spite of these trends, many of France’s borderlands remained irregular, riddled with enclaves, exclaves and pays indivis (territories where sovereignty was shared), and whose shape was still determined by feudal fief boundaries, well into the eighteenth century.11 This was especially the case in the northeast, where innumerable overlapping feudal jurisdictions meant that the frontier continued to be undefined and confused.12 Linked with these changes, an idea gained currency that the kingdom’s ideal form should constitute a space bounded and enclosed by nature. As Vauban put it in 1693, ‘All the ambitions of France should be contained within the summits of the Alps and the Pyrenees, the Swiss and the two seas: it is there that she should intend to establish her boundaries by legitimate means according to the times and the occasions.’13 While the concept of ‘natural frontiers’ as a guiding principle in Louis XIV’s foreign policy came to be dismissed by historians, thanks to the work of Gaston Zeller, more recent developments in methodology have meant that the debate over France’s ‘natural frontiers’ rumbles on, though with somewhat different points of emphasis. Peter Sahlins has argued that natural frontiers were, in a way, pivotal to French frontier policy, ‘not as boundaries but as passages’.14 Furthermore, Daniel Nordman has pointed out that Zeller ignored the importance of many publications in the seventeenth century, especially by Jesuits, which helped to make natural frontiers such as the Rhine a common image which permeated all levels of society from the nobility to labourers. While this may not have directly influenced the policy of Louis XIV, Nordman argues that the wide extent to which it informed contemporary preoccupations towards territory and strategy should not be ignored.15 Such geographic ‘visions’ of France’s frontiers in the popular consciousness extended not only to the Rhine, but to the entire limits of ancient Gaul, which extended in the south-east to the Alps and the Var.16 Prominent in the popular consciousness though such images may have been, the legitimating discourse in French expansionism in this period was not nature but a combination of history, dynastic inheritance and feudal law. In seventeenth-century Europe, brute conquest alone was rarely seen as sufficient for annexation, and territorial changes needed to be explained and justified by reference to both history and legal titles.17 The French were sensitive to
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this: under Richelieu, if circumstances dictated the permanent occupation of territories to which France had no dynastic claims, for instance in the towns of Alsace, the concept of military and diplomatic ‘protection’ was used instead; this shielded France from the reputation of Sweden, which was notorious for having claimed territory by right of conquest alone.18 To facilitate its strategic objectives, the French crown developed and maintained an arsenal of jealously guarded claims to territories on the kingdom’s frontiers, which needed to be kept alive, if hibernating, and could be activated whenever necessity dictated. The ‘use and abuse’ of history and feudal law to legitimise French expansionism had come into its own under the cardinal ministers: the annexations of Alsace and Roussillon, for example, were presented as ‘reunions’ of the crown’s legitimate patrimony to the kingdom.19 By the time Louis XIV assumed personal control of his government, therefore, there was already ample precedent for activating latent claims on titles to legitimise a French monarch’s control of conquered territory, which could be strengthened by the invocation of history and the laws of dynastic succession. At the French court, views on frontier states such as Lorraine and Savoy were conditioned also by the presence of a cohort of princes belonging to cadet branches of the ruling dynasties, such as the Lorraine-Guise, the SavoyNemours and the Gonzaga-Nevers. As Jonathan Spangler has recently suggested, these princely clans could be of great use to France in its cross-frontier links in several unofficial ways.20 Their continued presence and importance at court meant that the French Government had a channel of influence to Lorraine and Piedmont-Savoy, by which it could exert pressure and bind the Lorrain and Savoyard rulers to France. These links were also maintained by the presence in these borderlands of elites who belonged to a shared ‘geo-cultural landscape’ and whose family, property and material interests transcended the idea of the linear frontier, as Part III of this study details.21 Yet beyond the ‘society of princes’ and the elites who surrounded them, ideas about occupation, annexation or interstate relations with foreign territories just beyond the frontier did not extend into popular consciousness at this time; French public concepts of these territories were generally limited to crude stereotypes.22 Overall, factors conditioning French relations with Lorraine and Savoy were driven most of all by strategic and dynastic interests, and to a lesser extent by changing concepts of the frontier.The next section investigates these relations in further detail: it looks at diplomatic relations between the rulers, at the ties that existed across the frontier, and also at how France was viewed from within Lorrain and Savoyard societies.
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Lorraine and France, c.1552–1670 Lorraine sat at the crossroads of Europe – from the Middle Ages it had been open to influences from Germany, Italy, the Low Countries and France, flourishing culturally and artistically through the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Its location, at a strategically vital point on the frontier between France and the Holy Roman Empire, heightened its relative importance. The multiple influences and pressures upon it had made the territory extremely complex in terms of overlapping frontiers: feudal, administrative, judicial, financial and religious – as one historian has said, Lorraine was ‘not one, but multiple’.23 Within what was termed ‘Lorraine’ were: the duchy of Lorraine proper (which had been a legally independent ‘protectorate’ of the Empire since 1542); the duchy of Bar, half of which (the Barrois mouvant) fell under the jurisdiction of the Parlement of Paris, while the other half (the Barrois non-mouvant) was under the full sovereignty of the dukes; and various small territories in the Holy Roman Empire. Further complicating the picture was the status of the Trois Evêchés – the towns of Metz, Toul and Verdun, which had been conquered by the French in 1552 and which were officially received into French sovereignty at the Treaty of Münster in 1648. These three bishoprics and their hinterlands came to be organised into a French généralité with its own intendant and governor, and the presence of these French exclaves meant that the Lorraine region was officially shared between two sovereignties, a fact which would prove to be of great diplomatic and strategic consequence, as these sovereignties were bound, by their orientation and interests, to compete against each other (see Map 2). The complexity and incertitudes of the political geography of the region did not predispose Lorraine to a centralised regime. Furthermore, the feudal nobility, naturally associated with public affairs thanks to the practice of holding yearly meetings of the Estates General, still wielded significant influence in the running of the state into the seventeenth century. The Lorrain nobility traditionally administered much of the justice in the state through the feudal Cour des assises, over which the duke had very little control.24 Though the sixteenth century had seen conflict between the duke – who wished to exert greater control over the state and its institutions – and the ancienne chevalerie (akin to the French ‘sword’ nobility), the continued existence of the tribunal of the assises attests to the place the nobility conserved for themselves in Lorrain society.25 In the Barrois, however, neither the chevalerie nor the assises existed, and government institutions were in general closer to the French model.26 Families of the ancienne chevalerie were also an important link between Lorraine and France. Among them were the Choiseul, Apremont and Nettancourt families, all originally from Champagne, the Ludres from Burgundy and the Beauvau family, who came from Anjou in the fifteenth century.27 The
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Haraucourts, Lenoncourts and other high nobility married into French grandee families, creating dynastic alliances.28 Many of these families had long traditions of French military service and several – the Stainville-Couvonges, Lenoncourts and Nettancourts – fought on the French side in the Thirty Years War.29 The Barrois elites were particularly close to France. Many married into French society and became francisised in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, a trend that continued despite – or because of – the ensuing French occupations.30 Economically, too, the Barrois was orientated towards the neighbouring French province of the Champagne, partly because its rivers flowed into the Marne and Meuse, whereas Lorraine looked east and was traditionally geared more to Rhenish trade networks than to France.31 Yet the French occupation of Metz, Toul and Verdun from 1552 contributed to the economic stagnation of both duchies. After its sixteenth-century peak, Lorraine’s economy declined significantly and commerce was severely hampered by an under-developed industrial sector. While the Trois Evêchés enjoyed significant trade and were home to a fairly cosmopolitan bourgeoisie, including many Protestants and Jews,32 society in ducal Lorraine remained overwhelmingly Catholic and rural, its towns few and small, its scattered bourgeoisie scarcely constituting a political or social force. Lorraine’s overlapping jurisdictions deprived it of strength and unity, and made it vulnerable. Moreover, due to its location it was caught, from the sixteenth century onwards, in a precarious position between France and the Holy Roman Empire. French rulers pursued a policy of dynastic alliances with Lorraine through the second half of the sixteenth and the early seventeenth centuries, as a means of maintaining and extending their influence there.33 Henri II’s occupation of the Trois Evêchés in 1552 gave France a firm military foothold in the region, curtailing Lorraine’s ability to pursue an independent foreign policy. This became increasingly apparent in the ThirtyYears War.34 In the mid-1620s a succession crisis in the duchy raised tensions between France and Lorraine, intensified in 1629 when Gaston d’Orléans went into open opposition to Richelieu and took refuge in Nancy. Given the increasingly volatile situation in Europe, the hostility of Duke Charles IV towards France presented Cardinal Richelieu with the alarming prospect of a potential imperial place d’armes in Lorraine. Attempts at forcing protectorate status on Lorraine proved fruitless after the duke repeatedly showed himself to be unreliable and unable to adhere to French terms.35 An irritated Cardinal Richelieu decided to solve the problem of Lorraine with a pre-emptive strike. Louis XIII occupied Bar in August 1633, meeting very little opposition; after a brief siege, Nancy fell in mid-September.The whole of Lorraine, including its fortresses, was in French hands by the middle of 1634.36 As David Parrott has argued, Lorraine’s importance for France originated in Richelieu’s strategic, fiscal and logistic requirements. The aim was to spare France as much as possible
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the burdens of war, while increasing costs for the Spanish and the Imperials, and the key to this policy was to seize large swathes of enemy territory.37 These provinces could then serve as places d’armes: military zones in which occupying French armies could systematically plunder all resources they required from the local population, while also denying them to the enemy. Several months before the conquest of the duchies, the French had created the Parlement of Metz. This new institution, which started work in August 1633, marked a major development of the French Government’s influence and control in the region.38 After the suppression of a short-lived Conseil souverain in Nancy in 1637, the Parlement became the linchpin of French administration in Lorraine.39 Also in 1637, central authority was bolstered with the creation of an intendant residing in Metz.40 Yet the occupation rested very much on native services: the Chambres des comptes of Nancy and Bar were maintained, along with the bailliages and prévôtés (local courts). This reflected Richelieu’s intention to encourage collaboration with the Lorrain elites, and set the tone for French policy towards them for the rest of the occupation.41 Cardinal Mazarin maintained the same system of administration in Lorraine as established by Richelieu: governors and intendants were superimposed on an indigenous local administration, collecting established taxes and making troops live off the province.42 Despite initial French military success, Croats de bois ravaged the country and these raiding parties tied down many French soldiers. Writing several decades later, the marquis de Beauvau claimed that these Lorrain brigands did far more harm to their compatriots than the French troops did, reducing the peasantry to a ‘deplorable misery’ and bringing famine: ‘one even saw many women reduced to the necessity of eating their own children so as not to starve’.43 A new governor, the comte de La Ferté-Senneterre, appointed in 1643, served for eighteen years. Though rapacious and avaricious, he re-imposed order on the duchies and put an end to much of the activity of the raiding parties, pointing to a shift in style from Richelieu’s era.44 The problem of Lorraine was not resolved at the Peace of Westphalia. Cardinal Mazarin wavered, uncertain whether to annex the duchies or return them demilitarised to the duke.45 The French therefore engineered the exclusion of the Lorrain envoys from the peace negotiations, and, as Charles IV was closer to the Spanish than to the emperor, the imperial negotiators would not make the return of Lorraine a precondition of peace. Furthermore, the duke had to watch from the sidelines as the emperor handed sovereignty of Metz, Toul and Verdun to the French monarchy. As the war between France and Spain continued, no solution could be found, and Lorraine’s fate was now more closely than ever tied up with the conflict. For the time being, the duke could do little other than go on supporting the Spanish side, and Lorraine remained under French rule.
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The assimilation of Lorraine into the French monarchy continued, but it remained fragile and superficial.46 The French simply lacked the time and resources required to fully impose their political or juridical authority on the duchies. Though in theory they had superimposed a new top layer of administration while co-opting the rest of the duchies’ traditional apparatus, this strategy was in practice frustrated by a laxity of control from Paris. Conditions were favourable to clandestine maintenance of the ducal-aligned administration, alongside that imposed by the French.Wherever French garrisons were not close, Lorrain tribunals loyal to the duke continued to function and exercise justice in Charles IV’s name, and still commanded much respect from the population.47 Furthermore the Cour souveraine of Lorraine continued to sit in exile in Luxembourg, ‘the soul of resistance to the French presence in Lorraine’, judging cases and reciprocally annulling the decrees of the Parlement of Metz. It also raised contributions for Charles IV, showing the ineffective control exercised over the duchies by the French.48 The example of Lorraine shows that French strategies of administering conquered provinces under the cardinal ministers were deeply problematic. It would be for Louis XIV and his ministers to study the mistakes of their predecessors and ensure they were not repeated. Despite a brief, partial reconquest of Lorraine during the Frondes, Charles IV remained exiled and, for the second half of the 1650s, imprisoned by the Spanish. During his captivity, the Lorrain regiments under the duke’s brother Nicolas-François passed into French service, playing an important role at the siege of Montmédy in 1657, and at the Battle of the Dunes the following year. As a result, fewer troops were quartered in Lorraine and the French authorities started a process of pacification and economic reconstruction.49 In 1659 Charles IV was not permitted to send emissaries to the peace negotiations between France and Spain. By the terms of the Peace of the Pyrenees that year, Lorraine would be returned to its duke defortified, and the Barrois was to be annexed by France. Along with these humiliations, the French were to have military rights of access through Lorraine, and the duke was to be obliged to quarter and provision French troops when necessary.50 Outraged by the Spanish sell-out of his interests, Charles refused to accept these terms and upon his release went to Paris to put his case to Mazarin directly. He succeeded in getting Louis XIV and Mazarin to re-open negotiations for the future of Lorraine, and discussions continued through 1660. Finally, on 28 February 1661, the dying Cardinal Mazarin solved the ‘Lorraine problem’ by concluding the Treaty of Vincennes, the terms of which differed considerably from those of the Peace of the Pyrenees. Most notably, Charles IV was to receive back the duchy of Bar, while the French gained certain villages in Lorraine which created a ‘French corridor’, allowing their troops to pass from France into Germany without hindrance. Lorraine had regained its independence, but had lost much of its territorial integrity,
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though this had been somewhat curtailed even before 1633. Henceforth the duchy of Lorraine would be indefensible; at any moment French soldiers could intervene.51 Through the conflict, Lorraine had been ravaged by enemy troops, plague and brigandage.52 As a consequence of nearly thirty years of occupation and hostilities, it suffered a demographic and economic catastrophe, perhaps losing as much as two thirds of its population.53 It is a striking feature of this occupation that the miseries it brought affirmed ‘le patriotisme lorrain’.54 Popular sentiment towards France was envenomed further by the confiscations of property of those who remained loyal to Charles IV. Mazarin’s policy at Vincennes of preparing the way for a future annexation had failed. Indeed, the prospect now seemed more distant than ever; as Braun put it, ‘thirty years of occupation, far from consummating the voluntary union of peoples which language, values and history had for a long time brought together, actually sowed in Lorraine the feelings of defiance, hostility and rancour … which did not disappear until the Revolutionary era’.55 Though the Lorrains had ceased to look to Spain to protect their interests after Westphalia, they were in no mood to throw in their lot with the French. Charles IV’s restoration, 1661–70 As the French regime was dismantled, a power struggle developed between the restored duke and the old elites of the duchy. No sooner had Charles signed the Treaty of Vincennes than he was forced to deal with the ancienne chevalerie of Lorraine which had, without his permission, met in Liverdun to discuss how to recover their old rights and privileges, lost during the war. He had the newly reconstituted Cour souveraine – established to abase the powers of the assises – issue an arrêt banishing the baron de Saffre – one of the principal leaders of the Liverdun assembly – and his family, giving them eight days to leave his states.56 Charles dealt harshly with members of the old elites who resisted his assaults on their privileges: exile and property confiscations were not uncommon.57 The duke also created new senior officers whose competence covered both duchies, in an attempt to reinforce the links between them. But he further alienated the old nobility from 1663 by appointing lower nobles and recently ennobled bourgeois to new judicial offices.58 They were also upset by Charles IV’s refusal to call the Estates General. The abolition of the tribunal of the assises deprived Lorrain noblemen of the possibility of supporting the interests of their corps, and Charles IV also divided them with the distribution of favours, appointing a new generation of nobles to state offices (a generation which had never known local liberties in their full existence).59
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In February 1662 Louis XIV and Charles IV signed the Treaty of Mont martre, which was intended to unite Lorraine and France by peaceful means. By its terms, Charles IV ceded his sovereign rights to the duchies of Lorraine and Bar, allowing France to annex the duchies on his death. In return he and his entire family would be aggregated to the royal family of France and placed in line to the French throne. The king was eager for gloire at this stage of his personal reign, and was more than willing to aggrandise the Lorraine-Guise family, for whom he had great respect, in exchange for strengthening the unstable northeastern frontier.60 French propaganda immediately presented the impending acquisition of Lorraine as the ‘reunion’ of an ancient French province. As the author of one such tract wrote to Louis, ‘You have not acquired Lorraine, you have only recovered it’, and he extolled the virtues of the king for beginning to give back to the French monarchy its ancient territorial limits.61 However, the treaty met with strong resistance in many quarters, including the Parlement of Paris, the Cour souveraine of Lorraine, the Imperial Diet, the French princes du sang, the duke’s heirs Nicolas-François and his son Prince Charles, and the whole of Lorrain society.62 Within a year the treaty had been completely abandoned as a dead letter due to the strength of opposition. The duke sent emissaries to the Imperial Diet to request the formal annulment of the treaty, but neither the emperor nor the German princes wished to upset Louis XIV, so the treaty was left in juridical limbo – something the French would later try to capitalise on.63 Strife would only increase. In 1663, citing one of the clauses of the Treaty of Montmartre, Louis XIV invested the fortress of Marsal. The duke had little choice but to agree to hand over the fortress. With Marsal occupied, future occupations would be just a case of a simple march forward. Further antagonism grew out of the uneasy relationship between Charles IV and the intendant of the Trois Evêchés, Jean-Paul de Choisy. On many occasions, Charles IV complained of Choisy’s lack of deference towards him, and relations between the two men became increasingly uncomfortable; Charles IV dubbed Choisy ‘the artillery’, and the French war minister Louvois was prompted to rebuke the intendant for his lack of respect.64 Essentially this antagonism was the manifestation of a more fundamental anxiety for both France and Lorraine: that of assuring their respective sovereignty and security. The decade saw repeated clashes over territorial control of certain towns, over rival claims to the appointments of benefices, and over Charles IV’s attempts to circumvent French ecclesiastical domination over his states by the creation of a new bishopric. More significantly still, Choisy was given orders to actively research all the titles and deeds which could prove the rights of the king in Lorraine, research which would ultimately prove the basis for the ‘reunions’ of the 1680s. If French intentions were driven by long-term interests such as this, the duke’s methods were driven by ill-will towards France. The later 1660s saw a
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marked anti-French stance in Charles IV’s foreign policy. During the War of Devolution (1667–8), Charles negotiated a treaty of neutrality that served to allow Spanish soldiers from Luxembourg to use the duchies of Lorraine as a base from which to pillage the Trois Evêchés.65 Irritated by this, Louis XIV demanded the help of Lorrain troops for the Flanders campaign. Charles was understandably hesitant about military collaboration with France, obliging Louis to send his envoy d’Aubeville to Nancy to apply more pressure on the duke.66 In the end, the duke reluctantly agreed, but managed to frustrate Louis’s plans by sending only a part of the contingent he had promised, composed of inexperienced and badly armed recruits. From 1667, Charles also sought an alliance with England, Sweden and Holland to counter-balance the over-powerful position of France. His patience quickly dwindling, Louis XIV in January 1669 ordered Charles IV to disarm, threatening to invade his states if he did not comply. Confronted by an army of 15,000 French troops on his doorstep at Metz, the duke backed down and disarmed.67 But his intrigues continued, first negotiating a defensive alliance with the archbishop of Cologne and several German counts, and then attempting to obtain an alliance with the emperor and Spain.68 The closer relations between Lorraine and the Dutch Republic, facilitated by Prince Charles of Lorraine’s candidacy for the throne of Poland in 1669, was a further cause of worry for Louis XIV.69 Faced with this, Louis XIV charged his secretary of state for foreign affairs, Hugues de Lionne, with devising a plan to depose the duke. Choisy’s advice to Lionne was annexation of the duchies, but Lionne’s own project envisaged replacing Charles IV with his brother Nicolas-François, and fixing the succession on the descendants of Prince Charles.70 The dire state to which Franco-Lorrain relations had sunk by the end of 1669 was compounded in 1670 by a string of provocations on the part of Charles IV. Ducal agents raised customs on commerce between Charles’ lands and the Trois Evêchés, paralysing commerce and leading to a retaliatory French trade embargo. The duke’s position was now desperate, and he appears to have counted on the success of negotiations with the emperor and Holland to save him. Matters came to a head in April 1670 when rumours reached Paris that Lorraine had joined the Triple Alliance of England, Holland and Sweden, while popular unrest broke out in Metz as people suffered under the new customs barriers. As the situation in the Evêchés became more and more untenable, the position of the French Government finally shifted, and military occupation was decided upon, in either late July or August.71 With war against the Dutch Republic looming, it was impossible to leave a ruler as untrustworthy as Charles IV in possession of this strategically vital point for the security of both the frontier with Germany and the French lines of advance down the Meuse and Rhine. For this reason the occupation of Lorraine was a necessity for Louis XIV. Yet it had never been an inevitable course of action. To the king and his minis-
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ters, the actions of the duke amounted to a succession of needless provocations. Louis XIV, in his frustration, ultimately had little option but to impose a military solution. Of Charles IV, Louis would probably have shared Saint-Simon’s view that the duke’s life was ‘a tissue of perfidies’ and that through his sheer deceitfulness he had squandered the opportunity for peaceful co-existence between Lorraine and France.72 But the French king was equally to blame for the breakdown in relations during the 1660s, through his arrogant and overbearing behaviour. Thus, despite Louis’s attempts during Charles IV’s restoration to bring Lorraine into France’s political orbit, the House of Lorraine grew ever closer to the Habsburgs, and the kingdom’s north-eastern frontier remained weak and exposed. Moreover, for the population of Lorraine, thirty years of occupation had reinforced feelings of defiance and hostility towards France, which would remain strong and unyielding for the remainder of Louis XIV’s reign.73 Savoy and France, c.1559–1690 Far to the south things were no easier. In the late seventeenth century the House of Savoy ruled over the principality of Piedmont, the county of Nice, the principality of Oneglia, the duchy of Aosta and the duchy of Savoy, which comprised the provinces of Savoy proper, the Genevois, Faucigny, the Chablais, the Tarentaise and the Maurienne (see Map 4). The dynastic union grouping together these culturally and politically disparate territories straddled not only the Alps, but also the internal juridical boundaries of the Holy Roman Empire.74 By its vital geostrategic position the Sabaudian state inevitably found itself uncomfortably squeezed between France and the possessions of the House of Austria, and its dukes spent the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries alternating between support of one or the other. A long period of French occupation of Savoy and Piedmont (1536–59) was concluded by the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis, whereby France and Spain recognised that the existence of an independent Sabaudian state, guardian of the passages of the Alps, was necessary to maintain the European equilibrium.75 From that point, the French monarchy hoped – as it did in Lorraine – to bind the interests of the dukes of Savoy closer to their own through a series of dynastic alliances, beginning with the marriage of Emmanuel Philibert to Marguerite de Valois, the sister of Henri II. Despite these marriages, the dukes continued to pursue an opportunistic foreign policy, attempting to capitalise on French weaknesses whenever they could, resulting in two further, brief, French occupations of Savoy by Henri IV in 1600–01 and Louis XIII in 1630–31. But, following the death of Charles Emmanuel in 1630 and the signature of the Treaty of Cherasco, the Sabaudian
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state was placed decisively in the political orbit of France. The French notably gained the fortress of Pinerolo, twenty miles west of Turin, giving them a bridgehead into Italy and a powerful military presence near the ducal capital. First Cardinal Richelieu, and then Cardinal Mazarin and Louis XIV profited from the regencies and periods of influence of the dowager duchesses Marie Christine (1637–48) and Marie Jeanne Baptiste (1675–80) to transform Piedmont-Savoy into a satellite of the French crown. Both women were naturally pro-French in inclination, the former being Louis XIII’s sister, and the latter belonging to the House of Savoy-Nemours, princes étrangers who had been resident in France since the sixteenth century. Through the marriage of Victor Amadeus II to Anne Marie d’Orléans in 1684, Louis XIV believed he could consolidate French tutelage of the Sabaudian state through the traditional method of dynastic alliance. In the context of the twists and turns in Franco-Sabaudian relations, the position of the duchy of Savoy to the west of the Alps made it a perpetual hostage to fortune. In light of this, Duke Emmanuel Philibert abandoned Chambéry and moved his capital to the more secure setting of Turin in 1563. This decision would be of great consequence, as the divide between Piedmont and the duchy of Savoy became increasingly pronounced thereafter. Despite the dynastic union tying them together, the two territories had little in common: while Piedmont was Italian in both language and culture, the essentially francophone duchy of Savoy was influenced more and more by France – particularly after the occupation of 1536–59.76 The French had used this occupation to impose institutions after their own governmental model, notably the introduction of a French-style Parlement in Chambéry.77 In 1560, Emmanuel Philibert reconstituted this court as the Sénat, which thereafter followed French usages, adapted to local customs. The Chambre des comptes of Chambéry, which supervised fiscal, monetary and economic policy in the duchy, was also raised to the status of a sovereign company in 1560. In both courts, the majority of magistrates had trained at the university of Valence in France, and the libraries of Savoyard magistrates were comparable with those of their provincial French colleagues.78 Though Savoy retained a mixture of French and Italian cultures, French was increasingly dominant: by the seventeenth century, the French language was used exclusively, even in official correspondence with Turin.79 French influence also permeated deep into the ecclesiastical sphere in Savoy. The duke nominated the archbishops of the Tarentaise and their suffragans at Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne and Geneva/Annecy, but Chambéry and the province of Savoy proper belonged to the diocese of Grenoble, whose bishops were appointees of the French crown. Moreover, the absence of any seminaries in the duchy until the end of the seventeenth century meant that almost all ecclesiastics in Savoy, with the exception of Jesuits, were recruited from Lyon or the papal territory of Avignon, although the duke insisted that the superiors
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of Savoyard religious houses be native subjects of his.80 Savoy was therefore exposed to the same religious currents that circulated in southern France, though substantial differences remained. In particular, despite the duchy’s position between Geneva, Lyon and the Valdesi valleys, Protestantism had failed to make inroads into Savoy, and since François de Sales reconverted the Chablais in the late 1590s, it had been entirely Catholic. Indeed it became, like Lorraine, a bastion of ‘Counter-Reformation’ Catholicism.81 Savoy was orientated to the French economy too, using the French unit of account (the livre tournois), while Piedmont had adopted the lire (similarly of 20 sols) in 1632.82 Though placed at a crossroads of international transit, Savoy was economically under-developed due to its lack of industry and produce.83 The principal source of wealth in Savoy was land, and the duchy’s economy relied heavily on the movement of people and goods. Its meagre commerce was based on cheese and seasonal fairs of livestock and horses, meaning that many Savoyard peasants were forced to work part of each year in neighbouring Piedmont or the Dauphiné in order to make enough money to subsist. Though the duchy had been spared from invasion and occupation for most of the seventeenth century, its inhabitants were forced to pay to lodge French troops during periods of international conflict, and their tax burden could be very heavy. This was aggravated by economic and demographic crises, and the last two decades of the seventeenth century in particular saw prolonged periods of climatic catastrophes.84 The condition of the peasantry of Savoy appears to have deteriorated significantly during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and depopulation, abandonment of land and community indebtedness became chronic.85 In terms of finance, the duchy supplied only a small part of the duke’s revenues: in 1689, 5.9 million lire, or 75 per cent, came from Piedmont, while Savoy brought in only 1.7 million.86 Over the course of the seventeenth century, Savoy’s elites felt increasingly adrift from the ducal court at Turin. Only a small number of senior noble families had a presence there, such as that of the marquis de Sales, who functioned as the leader and representative of the nobility of the duchy of Savoy.87 Moreover, since the Estates General of Savoy ceased to be called at the end of the sixteenth century, the nobility’s collective political role in the state had diminished.88 Links between the nobility and the sovereign were henceforth of a more personal nature – notably in the strong tradition of military service in Savoy, though opportunities for service were rare and many therefore served foreign princes, of whom Louis XIV proved by far the most accommodating.89 The divide between Savoy and Piedmont was exacerbated during the personal rule of Victor Amadeus II, as Savoy became increasingly sidelined in the Sabaudian state. Since the time of Emmanuel Philibert, no native Savoyards had worked as local officials east of the Alps, but increasingly in the 1680s Victor
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Amadeus employed Piedmontese as his representatives in Savoy.90 Even where local Savoyards were appointed in Chambéry, it did not enhance autonomy: in 1687 the duke appointed the Savoyard marquis de Bellegarde to the dual role of premier président of the Sénat and military commander of the duchy, and Bellegarde proved himself the most loyal henchman in the programme of greater central control at the expense of Savoy’s autonomy.91 As part of this drive, new structures were imposed on the duchy: the first moves were made in 1686, with the installation at Chambéry of the comte de Tarin as intendant général d’artillerie et des bâtiments, with a right of inspection of bridges and roads. By his appointment, the Chambre des comptes at Chambéry was deprived of its traditional role in matters of bridges and roads, as well as fortifications and military provisioning. It subsequently lost its right of inspection of étapes (military staging posts on set routes), as well as the farming of gunpowder and the management of vacant ecclesiastical benefices.92 Quickly, through a combination of pride and self-interest, the Chambre associated itself more and more with the duchy’s nobility, and so the duel with the intendant took on other dimensions: the Chambre became the focus of opposition to ducal policy and the defender of Savoyard particularism.93 Over the decades, the loss of pre-eminence in the Savoyard state hit the duchy hard, and there was a growing sense that its fortunes were in decline due to its neglect in favour of Piedmont.94 By contrast its links with France, cultural, economic and religious, continued to develop. Louis XIV, Victor Amadeus II and the road to war These links did not, though, make for easier relations between the duke and the king, relations which were under severe strain by the mid-1680s. Louis XIV’s foreign ministry did not possess a monopoly on diplomacy with foreign states: the war ministry under the marquis de Louvois was dominant in relations with Piedmont-Savoy from 1675 until 1690.95 Louvois’s character, authoritarian and imperious, was therefore a significant factor in determining France’s relations with the Sabaudian state. As John Lynn explained,‘in the 1680s Louvois’s tendency to favour force over finesse in the international arena encouraged Louis to bully his adversaries in ways that were both unnecessary and unwise’.96 The substantial body of correspondence between Louvois and the French envoy to Turin, and also with senior members of the Sabaudian court, testifies to overbearing French influence in Sabaudian affairs in this period.97 Weak ducal authority allowed this to happen. Victor Amadeus succeeded to the throne at the age of nine in 1675. He assumed power in 1684, ousting his mother, Marie Jeanne Baptiste, but soon
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became aware of the extent of French influence in his affairs. France had acquired a vice-like grip on Turin when in 1681 Louis XIV took control of the Gonzaga fortress of Casale in the Montferrato, while continuing to control Pinerolo where the Alps met the Piedmontese plain.98 The permanent spectre of French intervention or interference was a source of much frustration for Victor Amadeus. On a personal level, the duke was pathologically secretive, and his desire for personal autonomy became, as Geoffrey Symcox noted, linked with ‘a fundamental maxim of Savoyard policy: to undo the treaty of Cherasco, end French influence, and regain sovereign independence’.99 But he was driven just as much by closely-related dynastic aims – most significantly, the recognition of his house’s royal status, and the expansion of his territorial base. Louis XIV showed himself to be stubbornly opposed to giving the duke and his family the traitement royal, as he saw the interests of the House of Savoy as subordinate to those of the House of France. He also had little faith in Italian rulers, believing that left to their own devices they might permit the r esurrection of Imperial power in northern Italy ‘by their own stupidity’.100 What was more, Victor Amadeus had a serious claim to the Spanish succession, and if he were allowed to become stronger he would pose a threat to the claims of Louis’s son, the grand dauphin.101 It was clear that as long as the French were a permanent presence east of the Alps, the duke’s ambitions would be frustrated. From 1687 the duke’s policy became increasingly anti-French, as he searched for a way to assert his aspirations and concerns. The opportunity came in 1688, with the outbreak of war between France and a coalition of the major European powers. Initially, the duke wished to remain neutral in the conflict, but he was not allowed to do so.102 For the French Government, their own strategic needs and dynastic pride were far more important than Victor Amadeus’s rights or even diplomatic niceties. Louis’s intention was that the Sabaudian state would remain politically and militarily dependent on France, and as such should focus on strengthening its fortresses along its border with the Spanish Milanese, leaving the direction of its army to the French generals. When Spain joined the war against France in March 1689, the need to secure the loyalty of Victor Amadeus was more acute than ever. Yet Louis’s blatant insensitivity towards the duke and disregard for Sabaudian interests in the spring of 1690 actually ended up driving Victor Amadeus into the arms of Louis’s enemies.103 In March 1690 the king ordered his general Catinat to march through Piedmont to attack Spanish Lombardy – with or without the permission of Victor Amadeus.104 In May, as word got to Versailles that the duke was planning to sign an alliance with Spain and the emperor, Catinat was ordered to proceed to Turin to deliver an ultimatum: Victor Amadeus was to hand over 2,000 infantrymen, three dragoon regiments, the citadel of Turin and the fortress of Verrua, further down the Po. He was informed that, if he did not, he would
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be ‘punished in such a manner that he remembers it for the rest of his life’.105 After temporising to build up his forces and conclude the necessary alliances with the Spanish and imperial envoys, Victor Amadeus formally declared war on France on 4 June.106 And, of all the European states of the Grand Alliance ranged against Louis XIV in the Nine Years War, it was the Sabaudian state, a third-rank power in the 1680s, which caused Louis ‘a hugely disproportionate amount of trouble’,107 despite his occupation of significant portions of the duke’s lands in the years to come. Conclusions The most pragmatic and immediate concern of Louis XIV’s government in terms of frontier policy was to ensure the territorial security of the kingdom. This could be achieved in part by the acquisition of more territory and partly by bringing adjacent smaller states within the French orbit. The latter policy was predicated on the basis that these small states would benefit from French protection at the cost of surrendering their autonomy in matters of foreign policy – and, in some cases, their domestic policy as well. But Louis’s lack of sensitivity to and respect for the interests of their rulers ultimately led to its failure.Throughout his personal rule his tactics towards Lorraine and PiedmontSavoy were characterised by intimidation and arrogance: in the War of Devolution, Louis forced Duke Charles IV of Lorraine to hand over part of his army to fight alongside the French, and parallels can be seen in 1690 and 1703 when he made similar demands on Victor Amadeus II of Savoy. Guy Rowlands has recently suggested that this reflected a deliberate desire to undermine relations between untrustworthy neighbouring princes and their elites – hardly a gesture that would persuade wavering allies to return to the fold.108 By failing to accommodate the interests of these rulers, Louis effectively forced them into the arms of his enemies; in so doing, he inadvertently destabilised France’s eastern frontiers and created for himself new military commitments. But the strategic threats posed by Lorraine and Piedmont-Savoy were far from equal. Despite the striking similarity between these two small intermediary states, this resemblance should not be exaggerated: their g eostrategic situations were very different. The duc de Saint-Simon compared them with characteristic acuity at the turn of the eighteenth century: Piedmont-Savoy was ‘a separate state, independent without constraint, separated by the Alps, and always in a position to be powerfully supported by its neighbours’, whereas Lorraine was ‘an isolated and enclaved country, invaded whenever France wishes, an open country without fortification, without liberty to have any fortification … a country which can only subsist at France’s pleasure.’109
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The two states were also extremely different internally. Savoy’s governing institutions had a long history of autonomy and strength going back over a century, while those of Lorraine lacked that level of prestige and authority, having been re-established only in the 1660s. Relations between the rulers and their elites were conditioned by wholly different assumptions and expectations, particularly given the long exile of the duke of Lorraine from the 1630s to 1661. Furthermore, the experiences and attitudes of their inhabitants vis-à-vis France were poles apart: the traumatised population of Lorraine harboured a deep hostility to the French, retaining in its collective memory for decades to come the devastation of Richelieu and Mazarin’s occupation. The importance of these differences, particularly in terms of past experiences with France, will become clearer in Part III of this book, which deals with relations between the occupied populations and the French occupiers. Nonetheless, Lorraine and Savoy bore at least one thing in common: both had the misfortune of bordering France in an era of almost continuous warfare. Their strategic positions made entanglement in Louis XIV’s European conflicts almost inevitable. The involvement of France in these territories over the period of Louis’s personal rule reflects, as we shall see, the successes and failures of French foreign policy, as well as the material needs of its war effort.
Notes
1 The best overviews of the two territories in this period are Cabourdin, Encyclopédie, i: ‘De la Renaissance à la guerre de Trente Ans’; and R. Devos, ‘Un siècle en mutation (1536–1684)’ in P. Guichonnet, Histoire de la Savoie (Toulouse, 1973). From the French perspective, see Nordman, Frontières de France, pp. 81–7. 2 For example, T. C. W. Blanning, Reform and revolution in Mainz, 1743–1803 (Cambridge, 1974), p. 40. 3 As John Elliott put it, most states in the early modern period were composite, though some ‘were clearly more composite than others’. J. H. Elliott, ‘A Europe of Composite Monarchies’, Past and Present, 137 (1992), p. 51. 4 J.-P. Cénat, Le Roi stratège: Louis XIV et la direction de la guerre, 1661–1715 (Rennes, 2010), pp. 299–301; J. O’Connor, ‘Louis XIV and Europe: War and Diplomacy in the Seventeenth Century’ in S. G. Reinhardt (ed.), The Sun King: Louis XIV and the new world (New Orleans, LA, 1994), p. 60. 5 G. Zeller, ‘Saluces, Pignerol et Strasbourg: La Politique des frontières au temps de la prépondérance Espagnole’, Revue Historique, 193/2 (1942), p. 110. 6 D. Parrott, ‘The Causes of the Franco-Spanish War of 1635–59’ in J. Black (ed.), The origins of war in early modern Europe (Edinburgh, 1987), pp. 96–7. 7 Black, European international relations, p. 16. 8 The term limite was used in a more metaphoric sense, signifying an outer limit to sovereignty, accepted by mutual agreement and definitive. For a detailed discussion of the evolution of these terms, see the chapter ‘Lexique de la frontière’ in Nordman’s Frontières de France, pp. 25–39; or L. Febvre, ‘Frontière: the word and the concept’ in P. Burke (ed.), A new kind of history: from the writings of Lucien Febvre (London, 1973), pp. 208–10. 9 See the introduction to Jeremy Black’s The Origins of War, p. 7. 10 N. Girard d’Albissin, Genèse de la frontière franco-belge: les variations des limites septentrionales de la France de 1659 à 1789 (Paris, 1970); G. Zeller, L’Organisation défensive des frontières du nord et de l’est au XVIIe siècle (Paris, 1929), p. 41; P. Sahlins, ‘Natural Frontiers Revisited: France’s
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Boundaries since the Seventeenth Century’, American Historical Review, 95 (1990), p. 1434. 11 Sahlins, ‘Natural Frontiers’, pp. 1428–9. 12 A. Sinkoli, Frankreich, das Reich und die Reichsstände, 1697–1702 (Frankfurt am Main, 1995), pp. 78–87. 13 Vauban, ‘Intérét présent des états de la chrétiénté’ (c.1700), in Vauban, sa Famille et ses Écrits, ses Oisivetés et sa Correspondance, ed. A. Rochas d’Aiglun (2 vols, Paris, 1910), i, p. 492. 14 Sahlins, ‘Natural Frontiers’, p. 1433. 15 Nordman, Frontières de France, pp. 95–105. 16 Febvre, ‘Frontière: word and concept’, pp. 215–16; D. Nordman, ‘From the Boundaries of the State to National Borders’ in P. Nora (ed.), Rethinking France: Les Lieux de mémoire, trans. D. P. Jordan (4 vols., Chicago, 2001), i, pp. 105–9. 17 A. Osiander, The states system of Europe, 1640–1990 (Oxford, 1994), p. 50. 18 Parrott, ‘Franco-Spanish War’, pp. 96–7. 19 Sahlins, ‘Natural Frontiers’, p. 1427; Nordman, Frontières de France, p. 127; Stewart, Assimilation and acculturation, pp. 20–3. 20 See J. Spangler, The society of princes: the Lorraine-Guise and the conservation of power and wealth in seventeenth-century France (Farnham, Surrey, 2009), pp. 118, 264; and also his chapter ‘Those in between: Princely Families on the Margins of the Great Powers – The Franco-German Frontier, 1477–1830’ in C. H. Johnson, D. W. Sabean, S. Teuscher and F. Trivellato (eds), Transregional and transnational families in Europe and beyond: experiences since the middle ages (New York, 2011). 21 The term ‘geo-cultural landscape’ is from William D. Godsey’s Nobles and nations in central Europe: free imperial knights in the age of revolution, 1750–1850 (Cambridge, 2006), pp. 13–14. 22 Both Lorraine and Savoy saw a continuance of popular witchcraft well into the seventeenth century, and Savoy was viewed from within France as a ‘citadelle de magique’: J. Nicolas, La vie quotidienne en Savoie aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles (Paris, 1979), p. 293; R. Briggs, Communities of belief: cultural and social tensions in early modern France (Oxford, 1989), pp. 7–9. 23 Vignal Souleyreau, Richelieu, p. 33. Lorraine also straddled a linguistic boundary which ran south-east from Longwy to Sarrebourg; approximately one third of the duchy of Lorraine was German speaking, and organised into the baillage d’Allemagne, centred on Vaudrevange/ Wallerfangen: M. Toussaint, La Frontière linguistique en Lorraine (Paris, 1955), pp. 40–2. 24 In a precursor to his son’s changes to Lorraine’s constitutional arrangements, Louis XIII abolished the assises in 1634. H. Mahuet, La Cour souveraine de Lorraine et Barrois, 1641–1790 (Nancy, 1959), pp. 14–17. 25 See M. Graves, The parliaments of early modern Europe (Harlow, 2001), pp. 149–51. 26 A. Schmitt, Le Barrois mouvant au XVIIe siècle (1624–1697), Mémoires de la Société des Lettres, Sciences et Arts de Bar-le-Duc et du Musée de Géographie, 5e série, 47 (1928–9), p. 227. 27 M.-J. Laperche-Fournel, L’Intendance de Lorraine et Barrois à la fin du XVIIe siècle: edition critique du mémoire ‘pour l’instruction du duc de Bourgogne’ (Paris, 2006), p. 152. 28 Ibid., p. 153. 29 Ibid., pp. 154–6. 30 Schmitt, Le Barrois, pp. 144–5. 31 Cabourdin, Encyclopédie, i, pp. 137–8; Schmitt, Le Barrois, pp. 260–82. 32 Cabourdin, Encyclopédie, i, pp. 19–20; B. Blumenkranz, Histoire des Juifs en France (Toulouse, 1972), pp. 79–84. 33 J.-D. Pariset, ‘La Lorraine dans les relations internationales au XVIe siècle’ in Bled et al., Les Habsbourg et la Lorraine, p. 53. 34 See R. Babel, ‘Dix années décisives: aspects de la politique étrangère de Charles IV de 1624 a 1634’ in Bled et al., Les Habsbourg et la Lorraine, pp. 59–65. 35 By the Treaty of Vic of 1632, the duke was forced to cede Marsal for three years; he also promised not to sign any alliance or levy troops without the permission of the king, and was to guarantee the free passage of French troops through his states. D. Parrott, Richelieu’s army: war, government, and society in France, 1624–1642 (Cambridge, 2001), p. 104. 36 Cabourdin, Encyclopédie, i, pp. 185–94.
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30
the eastern frontiers of france
37 Parrott, Richelieu’s army, pp. 77–83. This could be seen as the precursor to Louis XIV and Louvois’s system of contributions. 38 The main objective in establishing the Parlement was ultimately to separate the Trois Evêchés from the Empire. M.-O. Piquet-Marchal, La Chambre de Réunion de Metz (Paris, 1969), p. 16; Cabourdin, Encyclopédie, i, pp. 189–90. 39 The Parlement sat in Toul for most of the war, returning to Metz in 1658. 40 Vignal Souleyreau, Richelieu, pp. 181–93; Cabourdin, Encyclopédie, i, pp. 220–1. 41 Vignal Souleyreau, Richelieu, p. 224. 42 Ibid., p. 139. 43 H. de Beauvau, Mémoires du marquis de Beauvau: concernant ce qui s’est passé de plus mémorable sous le règne de Charles IV duc de Lorraine & de Bar (Metz, 1686), pp. 54–5. 44 Schmitt, Le Barrois, p. 139. 45 Cabourdin, Encyclopédie, i, pp. 227–8. 46 Vignal Souleyreau, Richelieu, pp. 258–9. 47 P. Braun, La Lorraine pendant le gouvernement de la Ferté-Sénectère (1643–1661) (Nancy, 1907), p. 143. 48 Cabourdin, Encyclopédie, ii, p. 23. 49 Ibid., ii, p. 26. 50 Ibid., ii, p. 17. 51 Ibid., ii, pp. 20–2. 52 Vignal Souleyreau, Richelieu, p. 286. 53 At the start of the eighteenth century, Vauban estimated the population of Lorraine to be 361,000, down from a million a century earlier. J. Dupâquier (ed.), Histoire de la population Française (4 vols., Paris, 1988), ii, p. 76; M.-J. Laperche-Fournel, La Population du duché de Lorraine de 1580 à 1720 (Nancy, 1985), p. 202. 54 R. Taveneaux, Le Jansénisme en Lorraine (Paris, 1960), p. 55. 55 Braun, Ferté-Sénectère, p. 163. 56 Beauvau, Mémoires, pp. 184–5. 57 Cabourdin, Encyclopédie, ii, p. 31. 58 E. Gerardin, Histoire de Lorraine: duchés–comtés–evêchés, depuis les origines jusqu’à la réunion des deux duchés à la France (1766) (Nancy, 1925), p. 277. 59 Beauvau, Mémoires, p. 454; Haussonville, Histoire de la réunion, iii, p. 154. 60 J. Spangler, ‘A Lesson in Diplomacy for Louis XIV: The Treaty of Montmartre, 1662, and the Princes of the House of Lorraine’, French History, 17 (2003), pp. 225–30. 61 Anon., Dissertation historique et politique, sur le Traitté fait entre le Roy et le Duc Charles, touchant la Lorraine (n.p., 1662). 62 Cabourdin, Encyclopédie, ii, p. 28. The treaty drove Prince Charles (later Duke Charles V) to move to Vienna and join the imperial camp. 63 In his memoirs for the dauphin for 1662, Louis wrote: ‘It is still uncertain … what the advantages of this treaty for me will one day be, but you have seen at least that it will not be worthless’. Mémoires de Louis XIV, ed. J. Longnon, (Paris, 1979), p. 133. 64 N. Kaypaghian, ‘Le duché de Lorraine et les Trois Evêchés entre deux occupations (1663– 1670)’, Cahiers Lorrains, 33 (1981), p. 107. 65 Ibid., pp. 108–12. 66 Haussonville, Histoire de la réunion, iii, pp. 172–4. 67 P. Sonnino, Louis XIV and the origins of the DutchWar (Cambridge, 1988), p. 50; Calmet, Histoire ecclésiastique, iii, pp. 654–6. 68 Ibid., iii, pp. 661–2. 69 Kaypaghian, ‘Le Duché de Lorraine’, p. 113. 70 Calmet, Histoire ecclésiastique, iii, p. 662; Kaypaghian, ‘Le Duché de Lorraine’, p. 112; Sonnino, Dutch War, pp. 76, 105. 71 Kaypaghian, ‘Le Duché de Lorraine’, pp. 115–18. Sonnino argues that the king took the decision as late as 22 August, in a spontaneous fit of rage at having to postpone the Dutch War. Sonnino, Dutch War, pp. 110–11, 119.
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31
72 L. de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon, Mémoires, ed. A. M. Boislisle (40 vols., Paris, 1879–1928), xv, p. 28. 73 Saint-Simon reproached the dukes for their attachment to Germany, ‘which they cling to, without being a part of’. J. Voss, ‘La Lorraine et sa situation politique entre la France et l’Empire vues par le duc de Saint-Simon’ in Bled et al., Les Habsbourg et la Lorraine, p. 92. 74 Symcox, Victor Amadeus, p. 135. 75 R. Devos and B. Grosperrin, La Savoie de la Réforme à la Révolution française (Rennes, 1985), p. 23; Devos, ‘Un siècle’, pp. 234, 246–7; B. Haan, Une paix pour l’éternité: la négociation du traité du Cateau-Cambrésis (Madrid, 2010). 76 J. Balsamo, ‘Lorraine et Savoie, médiateurs culturels entre la France et l’Italie (1580–1630)’ in G. Mombello et al. (eds), Culture et pouvoir dans les Etats de Savoie du XVIIe siècle à la Révolution: actes du colloque d’Annecy–Chambéry–Turin (1982) (Chambéry, 1985), p. 273. 77 L. Chevallier, ‘L’occupation française de la Savoie (1536–1559): Réflexions sur quelques aspects politiques et institutionnels’, Cahiers d’Histoire, 5 (1960), pp. 321–8. 78 R. Devos, ‘Elite et culture. Les magistrats savoyards au XVIIe siècle’ in Mombello et al., Culture et pouvoir, pp. 219–20, 227. 79 Devos, ‘Un siècle’, p. 259. 80 F. Meyer, ‘Les Elites diocésaines en Savoie à la fin du XVIIe siècle’, Rives Méditerranées, 32–3 (2009), p. 5. 81 Devos, ‘Un siècle’, p. 264. Unlike the county of Nice, which had a long-established Jewish population, there had been no Jews in Savoy since the begi | |||||
5215 | dbpedia | 1 | 29 | https://www.monticello.org/research-education/for-scholars/papers-of-thomas-jefferson/current-cumulative-index/current-cumulative-index-t/ | en | Current Cumulative Index - T | [
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] | [] | [] | [
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] | null | [] | null | en | https://www.monticello.org/favicon.ico | Monticello | null | This index refers to page numbers in the published volumes. Documents subsequently added to the digital editions are marked with a +. Copies of the published volumes are available at a library near you, or may be purchased through this website or from Princeton University Press. The volumes are also available via two online platforms, the Rotunda version through the University of Virginia Press (subscription required) and the Founders Online version (free).
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
[jump to top]
[jump to bottom]
tabasco, 6:252, 6:252n
Tabb, Frances Peyton
loan from, 1:180, 1:181n, 1:302, 1:344, 1:656, 2:199n, 2:216, 2:217n, 2:234
Tabb, Philip
described, 7:581
identified, 1:111n
letters from, 1:111
letters to, 1:252
sends plow moldboard to TJ, 1:111, 1:252
“Tableau Bibliographique des Ouvrages en tous Genres qui ont paru en France pendant l’année 1820” , 17:58, 17:58n
Tableau de l’École de Botanique du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle (R. L. Desfontaines), 8:429, 8:429, 8:430n
Tableau des Saints (Holbach), 15:26, 16:190n
Tableau du Climat et du Sol des États-Unis d’Amérique (Volney), 1:197, 1:198–1:199n, 1:652n, 6:322–6:323, 6:327
Tableau Historique et Politique de l’Europe, depuis 1786 jusqu’en 1796 (L. P. Ségur), 10:234, 10:237n
Tableau Œconomique (F. Quesnay), 5:56n
Tableaux de la Nature (Humboldt), 1:264, 1:267n, 1:482, 1:483n
Tableaux Historiques des Campagnes d’Italie, depuis l’an IV jusqu’a la bataille de Marengo (L. A. A. Chicoilet de Corbigny), 11:402
tablecloths, 3:551, 7:348, 8:xlvii, 8:241, 18:50, 19:12
Table for Computing the Moon’s Motion, with Explanations (W. Lambert), 1:540–1:554, 1:571–1:572, 1:608–1:609, 1:609n
Table of Post Offices in the United States, 4:10, 20:147
Table raisonnée des principes de l’économie politique (P. S. Du Pont de Nemours), 5:51–5:54, 5:56n
tables
at Monticello, 8:xlvii, 8:393, 8:485, 8:486
at Poplar Forest, 4:xlv, 4:307, 4:370 (illus.) , 8:256
Tables de Logarithmes pour les Nombres et Pour les Sinus (Lalande), 13:342–13:343n, 13:358, 13:394, 13:394, 13:474, 13:474, 13:474, 13:474–13:475n, 13:476, 13:477n, 13:524, 13:561, 13:561, 14:215, 15:133, 15:160
Tables of Interest and Discount, calculated on the only true principle of 365 Days to the Year (L. Chapman), 16:435, 16:435n
Tables of Logarithms (J. F. Callet; trans. D. B. Warden), 1:316–1:317, 1:629–1:630, 2:536, 4:148
Tables Portatives de Logarithmes (J. F. Callet), 10:235
Tables Requisite to be used with the Nautical Ephemeris (J. Garnett), 1:492, 1:498n, 8:660, 8:674n, 9:60, 9:274
Tables requisite to be used with the Nautical Ephemeris for finding Latitude and Longitude at Sea (N. Maskelyne), 4:55, 4:55n, 4:244, 4:244–4:245n, 8:674n
Table-Talk; or, Original Essays (W. Hazlitt), 17:536
Tablettes Chronologiques de L’Histoire Universelle (N. Lenglet du Fresnoy), 10:234, 19:510
Tabula Cebetis, 7:661, 14:257, 14:551
A Tabular View of the Modern Nomenclature, and System of Chemistry (W. J. Macneven), 18:64
Tachy-Graphy. The Most exact and compendious methode of Short and swift writing that hath ever yet been published by any (T. Shelton), 16:287
Tacite (Tacitus; trans. J. B. Dureau de la Malle), 13:342, 13:359, 13:394, 13:428, 13:494, 13:525, 13:561, 13:608, 14:215, 14:511, 17:106
Tacitus, Cornelius
J. Adams on, 4:475, 9:432, 11:269
Annals, 14:551, 17:73n, 17:105, 20:467n
and Christianity, 16:600
C. Cornelii Taciti opera (eds. J. A. Ernesti and J. J. Oberlin), 9:196, 9:455, 10:212, 10:531, 11:205, 11:296, 11:414, 11:414, 12:356, 14:511, 17:106
C. Cornelii Taciti opera cum varietate lectionum selecta novisque emendationibus, 6:93, 6:94
C. Cornelii Taciti Opera, quæ exstant (eds. J. F. Gronovius and J. Gronovius), 9:455, 10:233, 10:236n, 12:480, 12:530, 13:36, 13:53
in collegiate curriculum, 7:447, 7:659, 7:661
lost works of, 6:278, 16:541
P. Mazzei admires, 9:669
mentioned, 6:402, 6:542
and morality, 9:432
orations in writings of, 2:153
quoted by J. Q. Adams, 14:316n
quoted by J. Davis, 20:409
quoted by G. Logan, 10:126, 10:126n
Supplementa Librorum VII, VIII, IX et X Annalium C. Corn. Taciti (ed. G. Brotier), 12:583, 20:115n, 20:281
Tacite (trans. J. B. Dureau de la Malle), 13:342, 13:359, 13:394, 13:428, 13:494, 13:525, 13:561, 13:608, 14:215, 14:511, 17:106
Tacitus C. Cornelii Taciti Opera quae supersunt, 5:501, 5:501n, 5:523, 5:524n, 5:594, 6:157, 7:286
TJ on, 19:408
TJ quotes, 6:402, 6:407n, 6:407, 13:427, 13:427n, 13:484, 13:484n, 14:201, 18:25, 20:466
TJ reads, 3:227, 3:257, 3:440, 4:429, 4:472, 19:656
TJ recommends works of, 18:251
tyrants condemned in works of, 6:53
The works of Cornelius Tacitus (trans. A. Murphy), 6:93, 12:534
The Works of Tacitus (trans. T. Gordon), 1:580, 6:93, 19:505
writings of, 8:121, 10:553, 12:499, 14:258, 16:330, 16:473, 16:503, 16:516, 18:399, 20:364
Tacitus C. Cornelii Taciti Opera quae supersunt (Tacitus), 5:501, 5:501n, 5:523, 5:524n, 5:594, 6:157, 7:286
Taggart, F. B.
seeks naval appointment, 5:502, 5:502n, 5:503, 5:515–5:516, 5:547–5:548, 5:583, 6:170–6:171, 6:211
Taggart, John
and appointment for son, 5:502, 5:503, 5:515–5:516, 5:547–5:548, 5:583, 6:170–6:171, 6:211, 6:211
identified, 1:55n
letters from, 1:55, 1:111–1:112, 5:583, 6:170–6:171
letters from accounted for, 5:502n
letters to, 1:97, 5:503, 5:547–5:548, 6:211
sends oil and paint to TJ, 1:55, 1:77, 1:123
TJ pays, 1:97, 1:111
Taggart, Samuel, 1:39n
Tait, Charles
congressional Joint Library Committee member, 8:14
Tait, Edmund. See Tate, Edmund
“The Taking of the City of Washington in America” (G. Thompson), 7:xlv, 7:434 (illus.)
Talbot, Isham, 5:32, 5:33n, 5:233
Talbot, Silas
American naval commander, 19:73, 19:74n
A Tale of a Tub (J. Swift), 9:203, 9:203n, 12:252n, 18:658
Tales of Fashionable Life (M. Edgeworth), 2:193, 2:264, 3:122, 11:628n
Tales of My Landlord (W. Scott), 16:517n
Taliafer apple. See Taliaferro apple (Robinson apple)
Taliaferro, Mr.
visits Highland, 19:71
Taliaferro, Francis W.
and Central College subscription, 11:334
Taliaferro, John
and establishment of University of Virginia, 13:560, 13:592, 14:13, 14:13
identified, 17:210–17:211n
introduces G. W. Ridgely, 17:210, 17:584
letter from, 17:210–17:211
Taliaferro, Richard
and apple cultivation, 7:444–445, 9:533
Taliaferro apple (Robinson apple), 3:455, 3:455, 3:456n, 7:381, 7:444–7:445, 7:445n, 7:492, 7:492n, 9:533
Talinum. See fameflower
Talleyrand-Périgord, Charles Maurice de
French statesman, 7:528, 8:138, 10:54n, 10:54n, 12:9–12:10, 12:81–12:82
immigrates to Philadelphia, 8:550, 8:551n
and Napoleon, 7:537, 7:538–7:539, 12:89
Rapport sur L’Instruction Publique, Fait au Nom du Comité de Constitution a L’Assemblée Nationale, les 10, 11, et 19 Septembre 1791, 8:550, 8:551n
on U.S. bonds, 10:97
in F. A. Van der Kemp’s proposed book, 4:505
and D. B. Warden, 8:37, 8:38n, 8:244, 8:420, 10:65
Tallmadge, Benjamin, 7:67
Tallmadge, James
and Missouri question, 15:535n
tallow, 3:301, 10:467n, 14:472, 16:151, 17:498, 18:241
Talpa. See moles
Tama, Diogène
Transactions of the Parisian Sanhedrim, or Acts of the Assembly of Israelitish Deputies of France and Italy, 16:74, 16:93
Tamaahmaah (brig), 4:19, 4:20n
tamandua, 6:470
Tammany societies
of Baltimore, 1:176–1:178
of N.Y., 4:53–4:54, 6:218, 6:218–6:219n, 6:219n, 6:526n, 15:250, 15:250n, 15:273
TJ elected member of, 6:218, 6:219n
TJ on, 4:395–4:396, 6:282–6:283
of Washington, 1:358–1:359, 2:399, 2:399n, 2:541, 2:566
and wearing Indian garb, 6:218, 6:219n
Tammany Society, No. 1, Twenty Fourth Anniversary Address (B. Romaine), 6:218, 6:218, 6:218–6:219n, 6:282
T. & J. Swords (New York publisher), 14:276
T. & R. Hunt (London firm), 3:426
Tanesse, Jacques
and batture controversy, 2:445–2:446n, 2:446n, 2:517–2:518n, 3:175n, 3:477, 3:484, 3:486, 3:486, 3:487n, 3:496–3:497, 5:86n
Tangier Island
as refuge for liberated slaves, 8:318, 8:318n
Tankersley, Reuben
and University of Virginia, 20:201, 20:220, 20:222
Tanner, Benjamin See also Tanner, Vallance, Kearny, & Company (Philadelphia firm)
identified, 11:583n
Tanner, Benjamin (of Richmond)
recommends W. B. Phillips, 14:164n
Tanner, Henry Schenck See also Tanner, Vallance, Kearny, & Company (Philadelphia firm)
as engraver, 7:70n, 8:77n, 8:77n
identified, 11:583n
Tanner, Vallance, Kearny, & Company (Philadelphia firm)
atlas by, 11:582, 11:582–11:583n
identified, 11:583n
letter from, 11:582–11:583
tanning
bark for, 15:431–15:432, 16:460
careers in, 15:411
tar
price of in Great Britain, 1:82
protects seed corn, 2:334
as scab remedy, 5:182n
U.S. production of, 5:676
for University of Virginia, 19:239, 20:209, 20:211, 20:219
Tardieu, Antoine François
exchanges maps with TJ, 1:247–1:248, 15:579n
identified, 1:248n
letters from, 1:247–1:248
Tarleton, Sir Banastre
military activities of in Va., 10:267, 16:35–16:36, 16:39n, 20:397
Tarquinius Superbus, Lucius (king of ancient Rome), 7:551n
tarragon
from P. Derieux, 5:29, 5:30n, 5:98
medicinal uses of, 5:30
Notes on Tarragon by an Unidentified Author, 5:30
from J. P. Reibelt, 5:98–5:99n
from W. Thornton, 1:479, 1:481, 1:600
Tarragona, Spain
U.S. consul at, 10:58, 11:661, 11:661
tarras, 13:343–13:344, 13:344n, 13:362, 15:586, 15:587n, 18:290, 18:291n
tartar emetic (potassium antimony tartrate), 3:466–3:467
Tartary, coasts of, 1:447
Tartuffe (Molière), 19:657
The Task, A Poem (W. Cowper), 7:583, 7:590n, 17:12, 17:13, 17:14n, 17:14n
Tasmania, 5:202–5:203
Tasso, Torquato
Jerusalem Delivered (trans. J. Hoole), 19:507
Tassoni Estense, Giulio Cesare, 14:63
Tate, Benjamin
identified, 19:460n
recommended by P. N. Nicholas, 19:459–19:460
recommends W. B. Phillips, 14:164–14:165n
Tate, Edmund
and TJ’s Campbell Co. land, 2:322, 2:327, 4:308, 4:309n, 4:680, 4:683n, 5:34, 5:35n, 5:40, 5:48, 5:49, 5:49, 5:49, 5:49, 5:89, 5:89, 5:230, 5:232
Tate, Jesse
Bedford Co. land of, 4:683–4:684n
Tate, Joseph
A Digest of the Laws of Virginia, which are of a permanent character and general operation, 19:459–19:460, 19:460–19:461n
identified, 19:460n
recommended by P. N. Nicholas, 19:459–19:460
Tate, Nahum
Extracts from the New Version of the Psalms of David, Fitted to the Tunes used in Churches, 20:529–20:530, 20:530n
as translator of Psalms, 6:550, 6:551, 6:552n
Tatham, James
identified, 20:85–20:86n
and J. & S. Gleason’s steam kitchens and stoves, 20:85
Tatham, William
letters from accounted for, 1:677
lottery for, 13:516, 13:516–13:517n
Revolutionary War activities, 8:481, 8:482n
surveys of, 6:120, 6:122n, 6:216
Tatian (early Christian author), 16:189, 16:196
Tatishchev, Dmitry
as Russian minister to Madrid, 13:237, 13:240n
The Tatler, 7:665, 12:534, 19:507
Tausy, Thomas
delivers goods, 11:503, 11:503
taverns
advertisements for, 18:95n
bills from, 9:19, 9:19–9:20, 9:20, 9:20–9:21, 9:21, 9:21–9:22
mail received at, 17:382
plays performed at, 16:xlix–16:l
students patronize, 13:396
taxes
as absorber of currency, 8:16–8:17, 8:27–8:29, 8:44, 8:44, 8:259
on alcohol, 9:642n
auction sales, 6:311
on banknotes and negotiable paper, 6:311
on books, 17:291, 17:291n, 17:468–17:471, 17:495–17:496, 17:496n, 17:502–17:504, 17:520–17:521, 17:521–17:522n, 17:522–17:523, 17:523n, 17:544, 17:571, 17:580, 17:581n, 17:582, 17:600, 17:614, 17:655–17:656, 17:656–17:659, 17:660, 18:6–18:7, 18:11, 18:19, 18:21n, 18:27, 18:30, 18:55, 18:72, 18:171–18:173, 18:197–18:198, 18:225, 20:411, 20:440, 20:441n, 20:477
on capital, 9:633–9:634, 19:574
on carriages, 6:311, 7:xlv, 7:203, 7:708, 8:392–8:393, 8:394n, 9:430, 11:44, 12:415, 16:242n, 17:23, 19:338, 20:173n, 20:173n, 20:173n
on cattle, 8:256, 8:392
on coffee, 19:574
collected from Second Bank of the U.S. branches, 16:575n
collection of, 7:45, 7:45–7:46n, 7:670, 7:689–7:691, 8:10, 8:63, 8:109, 8:129, 9:562, 12:148, 20:252–20:253
and colonial Va., 17:311–17:312
consumption, 9:633–9:634
corvée, 12:12, 12:115
customs, 2:569–2:570, 2:594–2:595, 2:600–2:603, 2:605, 2:615, 2:617–2:618, 3:80–3:81, 3:82n, 6:358n, 6:358n, 9:269, 9:286, 10:414, 12:312, 12:346, 12:381n, 12:406, 12:503, 12:504n, 13:16, 13:253, 13:345, 13:346, 13:492, 14:24–14:25, 14:38, 14:42n, 14:57, 14:72, 14:85, 14:239, 14:244, 14:527, 14:564–14:565, 15:362, 15:369, 15:380, 15:384, 15:395, 15:414, 15:482, 15:503, 16:4, 16:25n, 16:58, 16:216, 16:223, 16:223n, 16:240, 16:240, 16:293, 17:416, 18:39, 18:51, 18:71, 18:71, 18:113, 18:118, 18:120, 18:120, 18:164, 18:169, 18:170, 18:194, 18:203, 18:222, 18:235, 18:250, 18:394n, 18:446, 18:446, 18:463, 18:463, 18:471, 18:474, 18:520, 18:620, 19:573–19:574, 19:702, 19:702, 20:13, 20:14, 20:153n
direct, 4:519, 4:520n, 6:311–6:312, 6:358n, 6:545n, 8:84, 10:363, 10:376, 10:376n, 10:388, 10:597, 10:597n
on dogs, 4:161, 4:170, 4:346–4:349, 4:349n, 7:180, 7:180n
P. S. Du Pont de Nemours on, 2:569–2:618, 3:80, 3:248, 3:515–3:516, 3:517n, 3:559–3:560, 4:328, 4:328–4:329, 4:436–4:440, 4:442–4:445, 4:607–4:608
on dwellings, 8:256
and education, 16:637+, 17:327, 19:294n, 19:349n
excise, 9:217, 9:218n, 9:358
in France, 8:137, 9:633, 12:146, 12:146–12:147n, 12:246, 13:421
on free whites, 7:708, 9:430, 11:44, 12:415, 18:148
on furniture, 8:255, 8:256n, 8:256, 8:393, 8:394n, 8:485–8:486
in Great Britain, 9:358, 11:24, 12:254, 14:452
of ground rents, 2:598–2:599
on horses and mules, 7:708, 8:256, 8:392, 9:430, 11:44, 12:415, 14:114n, 16:242n, 17:23, 19:338, 20:173n, 20:173n, 20:173n
on imports, 9:513n, 10:358, 10:359, 10:440, 10:521, 10:653n, 11:26n, 12:494, 12:515, 12:554, 13:438–13:439, 13:439n, 13:460, 13:489–13:490, 13:576–13:577, 13:606, 14:446n, 16:158, 16:221, 16:221, 16:249–16:250, 16:250, 16:252n, 16:291, 17:406, 18:145, 19:574, 20:591, 20:592n
on income, 2:578–2:581, 2:585, 2:586, 2:607, 4:439–4:440, 4:444, 9:358, 9:633–9:634, 19:574
increased to fund war, 4:539, 4:540n, 4:568, 8:33n, 8:154, 8:155n, 8:164, 8:329n, 12:42
indirect, 2:572–2:578, 2:582, 2:584–2:585, 2:586, 2:587, 2:589, 2:590, 2:596, 2:598, 2:601, 2:610–2:613, 2:616–2:617, 4:519, 4:520n, 6:312
on land, 2:571–2:572, 2:582–2:586, 4:436–4:438, 4:445, 4:607–4:608, 6:311, 6:311, 7:708, 7:708, 8:128–8:129, 8:255, 8:256, 8:257, 8:392, 9:358, 10:363, 10:376, 10:376n, 10:387–10:388, 10:388n, 10:464, 10:465n, 10:476–10:477, 10:529, 10:666, 11:17, 11:17, 11:44, 11:237, 11:238n, 11:472–11:473, 11:474–11:475n, 12:299, 12:301, 12:357–12:358, 12:415, 13:37–13:38, 13:54, 14:114n, 16:242n, 16:281, 19:338, 19:394–19:395n, 20:173n, 20:326, 20:329, 20:393
on livestock, 8:256, 8:392
local, 12:12, 12:12n, 12:13, 12:14, 12:115–12:116, 12:116, 12:117, 12:201, 12:287, 12:357–12:358, 12:359, 12:360, 12:449, 17:297
J. Melish on, 3:388
on mills, 7:708
on Natural Bridge, 8:123, 8:123n, 8:257, 11:237, 11:238n, 11:428, 11:589, 11:590n
on net revenue from land, 2:586–2:592, 2:595, 2:597–2:599, 2:601, 2:614–2:616
in N.Y., 10:662, 12:402n
on paper, 18:171–18:172
passed to landowners, 2:575–2:577, 2:579–2:581, 2:600, 2:601, 2:609–2:611, 2:618
and patent extensions, 7:111–7:112
in proposed Va. constitution, 4:119
receipts for, 7:xlv, 7:434 (illus.)
and religion, 16:549, 16:549–16:550, 16:584–16:585
and representation, 16:549, 16:584
on retailers, 6:311
as revenue, 18:172
on salt, 4:529, 4:529n, 19:574
on slaves, 7:708, 7:708, 8:63n, 8:255, 8:256, 8:392, 8:485, 9:430, 11:44, 12:301, 12:415, 14:114n, 16:242n, 16:461n, 17:23, 19:338, 20:173n, 20:329, 20:393, 20:476–20:477
in Spain, 4:111
Statement of Albemarle County Property Subject to Federal Tax , 8:485–8:486
Statement of Albemarle County Property Subject to State Tax , 8:392–8:394, 9:99n
Statement of Albemarle County Taxes and Court Fees, 7:708–7:709
Statement of Bedford and Campbell County Property Subject to Federal Tax, 8:255–8:256
Statement of Bedford and Campbell County Property Subject to State Tax, 8:256
statement of 1815 Va. revenue tax, 10:363, 10:376, 10:376n
Statement of Taxable Property in Albemarle County , 9:430–9:431, 11:44–11:45, 12:415, 17:23, 19:338
on stills, 6:311, 7:203
on sugar, 6:311, 19:574
on tea, 19:574
tithes, 2:583, 2:584–2:586, 2:589
TJ budgets for, 19:495, 19:496, 19:496
TJ on, 4:483, 4:585–4:586, 6:220–6:225, 6:490–6:497, 7:168, 7:203, 7:654, 8:27–8:29, 8:32, 8:105, 8:108–8:109, 8:110, 8:126, 8:129, 8:163, 8:163–8:164, 8:168, 8:177, 8:177, 8:608, 9:330–9:331, 9:358, 9:568, 9:624, 9:631, 9:633–9:634, 9:649, 10:65, 10:65–10:66, 10:368, 10:435, 11:24, 13:378–13:380, 13:380n, 13:489–13:490, 14:498, 15:295, 16:483, 16:489, 16:622, 19:38, 19:573–19:574, 20:280, 20:351
TJ pays, 1:470, 1:590, 1:595, 5:409–5:410n, 6:544, 6:544, 6:545n, 7:xlv, 7:708, 7:710, 8:47, 8:73, 8:73n, 8:73, 8:123, 8:123n, 8:256n, 8:351n, 8:392–8:394, 9:50–9:51, 9:51–9:52n, 9:62, 9:99, 9:99n, 9:106, 9:133, 9:133, 9:313, 9:430, 9:562, 9:568, 9:594, 9:604, 9:604, 10:59, 10:356, 10:387–10:388, 10:388n, 10:466, 10:467n, 10:467n, 10:597, 10:597n, 11:44, 11:237, 11:428, 11:589, 12:29, 12:29, 12:38, 12:38n, 12:98, 12:139, 12:415, 13:356, 13:356n, 13:393, 14:113, 14:114n, 14:220, 14:571, 15:117, 15:130, 15:134, 15:138, 15:146–15:147, 15:154, 15:156, 15:156, 15:174, 16:366, 16:366n, 17:70, 17:70n, 17:531–17:532, 17:532n, 19:65, 19:65n, 19:69, 19:72, 19:85, 19:338, 20:252
on tobacco, 3:414n, 16:242n, 20:173n
and University of Virginia, 19:57, 19:239, 20:309
in Va., 16:242, 16:242n, 16:281, 16:328, 20:149n, 20:172–20:173
on whiskey, 4:483, 19:562, 19:573–19:574
on wine, 9:512–9:513, 9:513n, 10:358, 10:407, 10:407, 10:407n, 10:440, 10:494, 12:381n, 12:406, 12:503, 12:504n, 12:515, 13:16, 13:378–13:380, 13:380n, 13:438, 13:439n, 13:445n, 13:446, 13:460, 13:557, 14:57, 14:244, 14:328–14:329, 15:384, 15:414, 15:482, 15:503, 16:52, 16:117, 17:139–17:140, 17:142, 17:496n, 17:522, 17:523n, 18:27, 18:39, 19:574
taxidermy
and birds, 13:227
Tayloe, John
forwards letter to TJ, 6:333
identified, 6:333–6:334n
letters from, 6:333–6:334
as postmaster, 7:196, 7:196, 7:239
Taylor, Mrs.
rents property from P. Mazzei, 4:290, 4:291
Taylor, A. C.
letter from, 20:95
requests loan from TJ, 20:95
studies medicine, 20:95
Taylor, Allen
as Va. legislator, 19:272, 19:273, 19:368, 19:369, 20:558n
Taylor, Benjamin (b. ca. 1761)
Annotated Drawings of Underwater Mines, 7:278–7:279
identified, 7:277n
letters from, 7:276–7:277
and underwater mines, 7:276, 7:278–7:279
Taylor, Benjamin (d. 1807), 3:276, 3:279n
Taylor, Bennett (Edmund Randolph’s son-in-law), 6:12, 6:115+
Taylor, Creed
and Central College, 12:318, 12:382–12:383
chancery court judge, 2:407, 2:408n, 4:680
and establishment of University of Virginia, 13:559, 13:560, 14:13, 14:13–14:14, 16:625, 19:436
as examiner of The Statutes at Large (W. W. Hening), 8:349n
identified, 19:436n
Journal of the Law-School, and of the Moot-Court Attached To It, at Needham, in Virginia, 19:436, 19:436n, 19:436n, 19:488–19:489
letter from, 19:436
letter to, 19:488–19:489
as University of Virginia commissioner, 13:182, 13:183, 13:222
Taylor, George
acquaintance of W. Short, 7:469–7:470, 7:471, 7:472n
and bills of exchange, 4:488, 4:489, 4:521
correspondence with, 7:233, 7:234, 7:261, 7:333, 7:363, 7:441
forwards letters to W. Short, 6:277
forwards letters to TJ, 7:381
and W. Short’s bank stock, 2:478, 3:30, 3:106
Taylor, George (of Pennsylvania)
signer of Declaration of Independence, 13:329, 14:292, 19:471
Taylor, George Keith
and Taylor v. Bruce, 15:350
and Va. penal statutes, 1:382–1:383, 1:384n
Taylor, Hannah
signs petition, 18:146
Taylor, Hugh Paul
identified, 20:163n
Interrogatories to TJ, 20:161, 20:162–20:163, 20:164
introduced to TJ, 20:89
letter from, 20:161–20:163
letter from accounted for, 20:184n
letter to, 20:183–20:185
requests historical documents from TJ, 20:161–20:162, 20:162, 20:163, 20:183, 20:184
sends greetings to T. M. Randolph, 20:163
as surveyor and civil engineer, 20:162
visits Monticello, 20:89, 20:161
Taylor, Ira H.
and Franklin Literary Society, 20:522–20:523, 20:565
identified, 20:523n
letter from, 20:522–20:524
letter to, 20:565
Taylor, James
and T. Feeling, 12:254, 12:255n
Taylor, Jane Elizabeth Catherine Hackley
greetings sent to, 11:624n
Taylor, Jeremy
A Discourse of The Liberty of Prophesying, 19:399, 19:401n
Taylor, John (of Caroline)
Arator; being a series of Agricultural Essays, Practical & Political, 6:122, 6:613, 6:613, 7:146, 7:217, 7:221n, 8:383–8:384, 8:442, 8:623, 11:129, 11:165, 19:508
and books on agriculture, 11:163n
Construction Construed, and Constitutions Vindicated, 16:419–16:420, 16:482–16:484, 16:484n, 16:556, 16:609, 16:617–16:618, 16:637, 16:637+, 17:31, 17:44–17:45, 17:248, 17:249, 17:252, 17:390, 17:398, 17:399n, 17:399–17:400n, 17:433, 17:434, 17:436, 17:554, 17:591, 17:592n, 18:73, 19:699, 19:700–19:701n
criticized, 7:220
criticizes work of J. Adams, 10:211–10:212, 10:212n
donation to W. C. Nicholas’s family, 16:591, 16:608–16:609, 16:637+, 17:44, 17:57, 17:177, 17:229, 17:299, 17:390, 17:390–17:391
encourages TJ to write memoirs, 16:637+, 17:45
forwards payment, 3:426
friendship with S. Roane, 17:247, 17:248, 17:252
health of, 10:210, 20:479, 20:480n
identified, 10:89–10:90n
An Inquiry into the Principles and Policy of the Government of the United States, 6:504, 6:505n, 6:567, 6:613, 6:613, 6:622, 7:146, 7:217, 7:221n, 10:86–10:89, 10:210, 10:211–10:212, 10:212n, 16:482, 16:637+, 17:554
letter from accounted for, 17:45n
letters from, 10:210–10:212, 16:591, 16:637+, 17:57, 17:299, 17:390–17:391
letters to, 10:86–10:90, 10:263–10:264, 16:608–16:610, 17:44–17:45, 17:177, 17:229, 17:390, 17:434
leveling principles challenged, 7:478–7:479, 7:481n
and T. Martin’s drill, 6:514, 6:515n
New Views of The Constitution of the United States, 20:479, 20:480n, 20:506–20:507
and presidential elections, 20:102, 20:103n
recommends C. Buckner, 4:413–4:414n
sends seeds to TJ, 10:89, 10:212, 10:263
on systems of government, 10:210–10:211
TJ on writings of, 6:567, 10:86–10:89, 10:263, 10:263
TJ sends batture pamphlet to, 4:625
Tyranny Unmasked, 18:54
and University of Virginia, 16:609–16:610, 16:637+
and Va. banks, 10:659
as Va. legislator, 7:549
works sent to, 18:54
writings of, 10:587, 19:624
Taylor, John (classical scholar)
edits works of Demosthenes, 8:436
Taylor, John (of South Carolina)
burned in effigy, 18:228
and South Carolina College, 18:232
Taylor, John J.
creditor of C. L. Bankhead, 8:394
Taylor, John Louis
and American Academy of Language and Belles Lettres, 16:531
and wine, 11:293+
Taylor, John McCanless
as University of Virginia commissioner, 13:182, 13:183, 13:223
Taylor, John W.
as candidate for Speaker of U.S. House of Representatives, 16:158, 16:159n
identified, 16:585–16:586n
letter from, 16:585–16:586
letter to, 16:606
and Missouri question, 15:532, 15:533, 15:533, 16:606
and Phi Beta Kappa, 16:585, 16:606
Taylor, Joseph
as builder for University of Virginia, 15:385, 15:386n, 16:313
letter from, 15:385–15:386
Taylor, Joseph (of Philadelphia)
and J. & S. Gleason’s steam kitchens and stoves, 20:85
Taylor, Levi
seeks employment at University of Virginia, 14:651
Taylor, Martha Jefferson Randolph (TJ’s great-granddaughter; Thomas Jefferson Randolph’s daughter)
birth of, 11:xlvi–11:xlvii
described, 11:627n, 12:635n
family of, 11:626n
Taylor, Nancy
signs petition, 18:146
Taylor, Phillip W.
as justice of the peace, 9:54
Taylor, Rebecca
signs petition, 18:146
Taylor, Richard Squire
manages Point of Fork estate, 19:319, 19:339
Taylor, Robert Barraud
appointment of to University of Virginia Board of Visitors, 14:34, 14:35, 14:93, 15:82, 15:434
as attorney, 17:440–17:441, 18:328, 18:329n, 18:332, 19:559
correspondence with J. H. Cocke, 15:604n
encouraged to run for Va. legislature, 16:551, 16:624, 16:625n
and R. Hackley’s land claims, 18:98, 18:98–18:99, 18:99, 18:100–18:101n
identified, 14:94n
invited to visit Monticello, 14:93, 14:129, 14:520–14:521, 14:561
letters from, 14:129–14:130, 14:560–14:561, 17:440–17:441
letters to, 14:93–14:94, 14:518–14:521, 15:602–15:604, 17:421–17:422, 17:526–17:527, 17:527–17:529
as member of University of Virginia Board of Visitors, 14:45, 14:56, 14:93, 14:129, 14:176, 14:518–14:521, 14:560–14:561, 15:80, 15:486, 15:602–15:604, 15:605, 16:297, 16:396, 16:469, 16:579, 16:586, 16:624, 17:68, 17:71, 17:77, 17:90, 17:391, 17:421–17:422, 17:440–17:441, 17:526–17:527, 17:527–17:529, 18:328, 18:332, 19:39
portrait of, 14:lii, 14:250 (illus.)
and scuppernong wine, 14:520, 14:561
and TJ’s Catalogue of the Best Classical Editions, 14:511, 14:520, 14:561
TJ converses with, 15:116, 15:116–15:117
visits Monticello, 14:561, 17:441
War of 1812 service of, 7:61
Taylor, Samuel (1775–1857)
identified, 17:477n
letter from, 17:476–17:477
letter to, 17:514–17:515
and son’s education, 17:476, 17:514–17:515
Taylor, Samuel (1781–1853)
and establishment of University of Virginia, 13:401, 13:472, 13:473n, 13:490, 13:497, 13:498n, 14:14
as Va. legislator, 12:127n, 12:413, 12:432, 14:36, 14:55, 16:551, 16:625, 17:33, 18:248, 19:314
Taylor, Thomas (d. 1735)
translates Treatise concerning the Search after Truth (N. de Malebranche), 17:535
Taylor, Thomas (1758–1835)
translates Sallust on the Gods and the World; and the Pythagoric Sentences of Demophilus (Sallust), 17:536
Taylor, Thomas (of Le Havre)
and books for TJ, 15:72
identified, 14:175–14:176n
letter from, 14:175–14:176, 15:72
and seeds for TJ, 14:175
Taylor, Thomas (of Richmond)
and W. Byrd manuscripts, 11:450–11:451
identified, 8:130n
and G. Jefferson’s estate, 19:413
letter from, 8:145–8:146
letters to, 8:129–8:130, 8:169–8:171
and P. Mazzei’s Richmond property, 5:621–5:622, 5:660, 6:4, 6:21, 6:43, 6:90–6:91, 6:106, 6:115, 6:115+, 6:116, 6:116, 6:147, 6:168, 6:185–6:186, 6:294, 6:295, 6:295, 6:305–6:306, 6:306, 6:320, 6:321, 6:372+, 6:396, 7:89, 7:89n, 10:252n
and J. Monroe’s Albemarle Co. land, 7:487
purchases Belmont estate, 2:101, 2:102, 2:114, 2:137, 2:138–2:139, 2:227, 2:228, 2:347, 2:363, 3:169
and sale of Chesterfield Co. land, 8:145–8:146, 8:146n
and sale of Westham land, 4:63, 8:129–8:130, 8:130n, 8:145, 8:146, 8:169–8:171
Taylor, Waller
as U.S. senator, 11:6, 11:56, 11:153
Taylor, William, 1:318n
Taylor, William (d. 1850)
correspondence with J. Q. Adams, 19:194n
reports on Mexican political affairs, 19:194n, 19:205
Taylor, William (burgess), 8:621
Taylor, William D.
identified, 11:237–11:238n
letter from accounted for, 11:582n
letter to, 11:237–11:238
and TJ’s taxes, 11:237, 11:238n
Taylor v. Bruce, 15:260, 15:261, 15:261n, 15:350–15:351, 15:352n
Tazewell, Littleton Waller
as attorney, 19:559
and batture controversy, 2:474–2:475, 2:493, 2:494, 2:501–2:502, 2:511, 2:531, 2:545, 2:657, 2:660, 3:118, 3:270–3:271, 3:332, 5:143–5:145
and J. Hall’s agricultural improvements, 8:42–8:43
health of, 2:497
identified, 2:350n
letter from to M. Oster, 5:333–5:335
letters from, 2:349–2:350, 2:497–2:498, 2:501–2:502, 3:55–3:56, 3:130–3:135, 3:270–3:271, 4:149–4:150, 4:303–4:304, 5:43–5:47
letters to, 2:448–2:449, 2:494, 2:513–2:514, 3:42–3:43, 3:226–3:227, 3:499–3:500, 3:545–3:546, 4:194–4:195, 4:605–4:606, 5:143–5:145, 13:111–13:112
and Livingston v. Jefferson, 4:292, 4:303–4:304, 4:605–4:606, 4:679, 5:43–5:47, 5:57–5:58, 5:143–5:144
and manuscript of Va. laws , 16:239, 16:240
and P. Piernet’s will, 5:332, 5:333–5:335, 5:351, 5:378
on state university for Va., 13:111, 13:112n
TJ invites to Monticello, 13:111–13:112
TJ pays, 4:594, 4:605, 4:606, 4:618, 5:43–5:44
and TJ’s account with W. Welch, 2:349–2:350, 2:448–2:449, 2:497–2:498, 2:499–2:500, 2:513–2:514, 2:514–2:515, 2:515, 3:55–3:56, 3:135, 4:149–4:150, 4:194–4:195
TJ sends batture pamphlet to, 4:624
and TJ’s List of Authorities cited in Statement on the Batture Case, 3:545–3:546, 3:546–3:547
and TJ’s Statement of Facts in the Batture Case, 3:270–3:271, 3:290, 3:420, 3:481–3:483, 3:499–3:500
and TJ’s statement on the batture case, 3:42–3:43, 3:130–3:135, 3:152–3:153, 3:203, 3:226–3:227, 5:45–5:47
and University of Virginia Commission, 12:611, 13:lii, 13:109, 13:111–13:112, 13:117
as Va. state representative, 11:586, 11:588n, 17:33
W. Wirt on, 2:493
Tazewell, Sarah, 2:497, 2:498n
Tazewell, William
certifies document, 19:313n
tea
chest, 1:44
drinking of, 13:228, 14:44, 14:44, 14:156–14:157, 14:383n, 14:420, 16:16, 18:407
grown in U.S., 12:553, 17:406, 18:257
gunpowder, 6:348, 6:348
Hyson, 1:31, 1:32n, 1:44, 1:368, 2:109
Imperial, 1:31, 1:31, 6:346, 6:346
imported, 9:476n, 20:388, 20:388
medicinal use of, 14:231, 14:231
ordered for Monticello, 4:210, 4:211, 4:211, 4:211, 4:211, 4:211, 4:211, 6:343, 6:343, 6:344, 6:344, 6:345, 6:347, 6:347, 6:348, 7:180, 15:144, 15:312
Paraguay (maté), 16:294
at Poplar Forest, 6:448, 9:51, 11:617, 15:474, 17:154
sassafras, 4:102
served at Monticello, 1:389, 8:xlvii–8:xlviii, 8:30, 8:30–8:31, 8:235, 8:241
taxes on, 17:312, 19:574
at U.S. Marine Hospital, 1:299
wintergreen, 14:231, 14:231
Teach, Edward (Blackbeard), 2:668, 5:600–5:601, 6:53
Teackle, Littleton Dennis
and education, 19:349, 19:372–19:373
identified, 19:350n
letter from, 19:349–19:350
letter to, 19:372–19:373
Teage, Collin
and colony in Africa, 17:423n
teapots, 4:231–4:232n, 8:485, 8:486, 17:4, 20:83
teazel (teasel), 2:271
Tecumseh (Shawnee chief)
belt and shot pouch of, 16:38
death of, 5:586n, 8:222
leadership of, 4:485n, 8:552, 16:615
Teel, Lewis
and Central College–University of Virginia subscription, 11:330, 13:161, 17:620, 20:556
and University of Virginia, 17:623, 17:624, 17:627
Telegraphe et le General Advertiser (New Orleans newspaper), 2:657, 3:233, 3:234n
telescopes
equatorial, 4:237, 4:238n, 4:369, 9:680–9:681, 9:691–9:692, 15:288, 19:197–19:198, 19:198–19:199
W. Herschel’s, 18:590, 18:592, 18:593, 18:594, 18:595, 18:596n
limitations of TJ’s, 3:480
lost in transit, 1:180, 1:205
pocket, 11:625, 16:li–16:lii, 16:348 (illus.)
repaired, 13:323, 13:596, 14:6, 14:7, 14:270, 14:500
A. M. Rochon’s, 4:676, 5:507, 5:508n
T. Skidmore’s proposed, 18:586–18:595, 18:613
spyglass, 19:207
for surveying, 11:50, 19:6
for University of Virginia, 14:167
for U.S. Coast Survey, 9:224, 9:224, 9:224, 9:224, 9:224, 9:224
used to observe solar eclipse, 4:237, 4:238n, 4:238n
Telfair, Thomas
and O. Evans’s petition to Congress, 7:113n
Temora, an Ancient Epic Poem (J. Macpherson), 4:306n
Temple, James Bowdoin. See Bowdoin, James Temple
Temple, John
British customs official, 17:277, 17:278n
Temple, Laura Sophia
Poems, 20:419, 20:420n
Temple, Sir William
Observations upon the United Provinces of the Netherlands, 17:333, 17:376n
referenced, 7:188
Tenant, Thomas (ship owner), 15:300
Tenerife (wine), 9:324, 9:366, 9:402, 9:499, 9:513, 9:602, 9:659, 9:660, 10:219, 10:247, 11:293+, 11:293+
Tennent, John
Every Man his own Doctor: or, The Poor Planter’s Physician, 15:182–15:183, 15:183n
Tennessee See also East Tennessee College
agriculture in, 19:579–19:580
antiquities of, 15:619–15:620, 15:620–15:621n
banks in, 19:581
boundaries of, 15:621, 15:623n
cultivation of cotton in, 2:359
Doublehead’s Reserve, 1:7
and election of 1824, 19:535, 19:563, 19:580–19:581
Indians in, 1:653
land warrants in, 3:548, 3:549n
legislature of, 19:581, 20:111, 20:255, 20:255n
lottery in, 2:266–2:267, 2:268n
mammoth bones found in, 8:448
politics in, 20:111
population centers of, 10:635
J. Rhea’s letters to constituents in, 2:358, 3:439, 5:662, 6:358, 6:358–6:359n, 7:307, 8:329
and states’ rights, 18:305
TJ on, 2:359–2:360, 8:516
volunteers from, 5:651–5:652
and War of 1812, 7:160–7:161, 7:161–7:162n, 8:516
whiskey, 1:31
Tenney, Samuel
observations on colors, 4:614, 4:615n
tennis ball lettuce, 5:307, 5:307n
Tennison’s Hotel (Washington), 13:77
Tenon, Jacques, 1:100–1:101
Ten practical discourses concerning Earth and Water, Fire and Air (R. Bradley), 2:82
Tenskwatawa (“the Prophet”; Shawnee leader)
mentioned, 8:552
prophecy of, 4:484, 4:485n, 4:627, 4:628n, 5:12
Tentamen Physiologico-Medicum inaugurale de Mania (J. Wharton), 15:548, 15:548n
Terasson, Antoine
Histoire de la jurisprudence romaine, 5:276, 5:277n
Terence (Publius Terentius Afer)
and Charlottesville Academy, 14:258, 14:258, 15:242n
in collegiate curriculum, 7:448, 14:551
The Comedies of Terence (trans. G. Colman), 19:507
Publii Terentii Comodiae Sex (ed. J. Minell), 17:138, 17:447
TJ recommends, 14:511, 16:330
Termo (wine), 3:240, 3:241n, 9:263
Terra: A Philosophical Discourse of Earth (J. Evelyn), 2:82, 11:164
Terrell, Chiles (1780–1852)
and due east and west lines, 18:648, 18:649–18:653, 19:22–19:23, 19:66–19:67, 19:67, 19:68n
family of, 20:532
identified, 18:648–18:649n
letters from, 18:648–18:649, 19:66–19:68, 20:532
letters to, 19:22–19:23, 20:565–20:566
seeks position as engineer to Va. Board of Public Works, 19:23n
seeks position as steward at University of Virginia, 20:532, 20:565
Terrell, Chiles (of Albemarle)
petition to General Assembly, 3:253–3:254
sells horse to TJ, 5:498n
Terrell, Dabney Carr (TJ’s grandnephew)
carries TJ’s letters to Europe, 9:416, 9:416n, 9:417, 9:420, 9:420n, 9:422n, 9:431, 9:454, 9:454n, 9:454, 9:456n, 9:469, 9:469n, 9:481–9:482, 9:649, 9:664
correspondence for, 13:93, 13:139
correspondence of, 11:340, 11:340–11:341n, 11:412, 12:561, 19:308n
family of, 11:340–11:341n, 12:270
finances of, 11:412, 11:417, 11:539–11:540, 11:606
health of, 19:93
identified, 9:482n
kills fellow student in duel, 9:482, 9:482n, 9:482n
letters from, 9:481–9:482, 10:160–10:162, 19:92–19:93
letters of introduction for, 9:413, 9:431, 9:481–9:482, 9:620, 9:621n, 9:663, 9:664, 10:243
letter to, 16:640–16:642
letter to accounted for, 18:608n
studies in Geneva, 9:417, 10:161, 10:312, 11:443–11:444, 12:270, 13:42, 15:166–15:167, 16:494–16:495
studies law, 16:495, 16:640–16:642
and G. Ticknor, 10:598, 12:545, 12:561, 12:614
TJ recommends, 9:413, 9:417, 9:419
and TJ’s payment to E. Bacon, 20:103–20:104, 20:104, 20:524–20:525
travels of, 10:160–10:161, 15:167, 15:477
and Wilson Cary Nicholas’s Administrators v. James Morrison and Thomas Deye Owings, 18:607, 18:608, 18:653–18:654, 19:92–19:93
Terrell, James H.
and Central College–University of Virginia subscription, 11:324, 11:330, 13:162, 17:630, 20:200, 20:200
petition to General Assembly, 3:253–3:254
and University of Virginia, 17:634, 17:634, 20:207, 20:207, 20:222, 20:225, 20:230, 20:230, 20:234, 20:235
Terrell, John Dabney
identified, 17:452n
letter from, 17:451–17:452
requests advice from TJ, 17:451–17:452
Terrell, Joseph
and Central College–University of Virginia, 15:86
Terrell, Lucy Carr (TJ’s niece)
family of, 11:412
Terrell, Martha
and University of Virginia, 20:199, 20:201, 20:201, 20:203, 20:205, 20:206, 20:218, 20:219, 20:221, 20:221, 20:223, 20:224, 20:225, 20:227, 20:228, 20:228, 20:231, 20:233
Terrell, Martha Jefferson. See Minor, Martha Jefferson Terrell (TJ’s sister Martha Jefferson Carr’s granddaughter; Dabney Minor’s second wife)
Terril, Mr. (of Albemarle Co.)
takes boarders, 6:73
Terril, Joel
petition to General Assembly, 5:378–5:380
Terry, Ann
signs petition, 18:146
Terry, Nathaniel
and University of Virginia, 19:50, 20:212
Tertium Quids, 3:549–3:550, 4:213n, 5:82, 5:95
Tertullian (Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus)
Apologeticus et ad Scapulam Liber, 7:458, 7:458n, 8:481–8:482, 8:482n
writings of, 16:189, 16:196, 16:258, 19:526, 20:619, 20:620n
Tessé, Adrienne Catherine de Noailles de
and I. A. Coles, 1:269, 1:528, 1:593
death of, 7:349, 7:536, 8:266
and European chestnuts, 4:322–4:323, 7:34
exchanges seeds with TJ, 1:272, 1:274n, 1:593, 1:594, 3:503–3:504
garden of, 5:188–5:189, 5:189, 7:34
health of, 2:9, 2:288, 2:311, 4:649, 5:69, 5:212, 19:230
identified, 1:274n
and Lafayette, 1:528, 1:593–1:594, 1:627, 4:30, 4:358, 7:35, 7:536
letters from, 1:271–1:274, 1:593–1:594, 2:310–2:312, 4:322–4:324, 5:188–5:190
letters from accounted for, 4:324n
letters from mentioned, 2:512
letters to, 3:503–3:504, 7:33–7:36
letters to mentioned, 7:15
J. Madison forwards letter from, 4:326, 5:436
mentioned, 1:265, 3:512, 3:538, 14:203–14:204
on T. Pahlen, 2:311
sends book to TJ, 4:324n, 4:675–4:676, 5:189
sends engraving of A. von Humboldt, 1:593
sends greetings to TJ, 3:106, 3:198, 3:447, 4:268–4:269, 4:274n
sends TJ gifts, 2:310, 2:487
on W. Short, 2:311
Tessé, René Mans Froulay, comte de
acquaintance with TJ, 1:274n
and I. A. Coles, 1:528
death of, 7:536, 8:266
health of, 2:9, 4:649, 5:69, 19:230
and Lafayette, 1:528, 1:627
sends greetings to TJ, 2:288, 2:311, 3:106, 3:447, 4:323
TJ sends greetings to, 3:504, 7:35
Tessier, Alexandre Henri
A Complete Treatise on Merinos and Other Sheep, 3:322n
Instruction sur les bêtes à laine et particulièrement sur la race des mérinos, 3:321, 3:322n, 7:52–7:53
Testa del Tignoso, Count Francesco del
executor for P. Mazzei, 9:675
The Testimony of Christ’s Second Appearing (B. S. Youngs), 20:639–20:640, 20:641n
Testimony taken before the Committee of Grievances and Courts of Justice, Relative to the Late Riots and Mobs in the City of Baltimore, 7:231–7:232n
Teterel, Francis
and P. Piernet’s will, 4:89, 5:116
Der Teutsche Merkur, 9:86, 9:88n
Texas
and Adams-Onís Treaty (1819), 14:503, 15:594–15:595, 15:615
American filibustering expeditions against, 6:188–6:189, 6:190n, 6:293
French claims to, 9:445–9:446
map of Coahuila, 8:77n
sugar from, 14:503, 15:595
TJ on, 18:574
use of bird pepper in, 6:128, 6:195
textiles See also manufacturing; thread
Adelphia cotton, 17:5
in agricultural exhibitions, 18:87n
baize, 5:394, 16:11, 16:11
Bennetts cord, 9:565
blanket, 9:301, 14:636
for bolting, 16:376, 16:389, 16:401
bombazine, 16:11, 19:14, 19:16n
broadcloth, 4:40, 7:88, 8:544, 19:574
calico, 2:376, 4:102, 7:558, 7:558, 16:6, 18:47
cambric, 3:643, 6:343, 9:566, 16:6, 18:45
canvas, 12:340, 12:526, 14:239, 14:239
cassimere, 1:308, 15:450, 16:6, 16:6, 16:6, 17:5, 17:5, 17:5, 17:7, 17:234, 17:234n, 18:42, 18:43, 18:44, 18:48
checked, 17:9
chintz, 18:51
coarse, 9:301, 12:361
coating, 6:345
corduroy, 15:475, 15:475n
cotton, 3:551, 3:577, 4:27, 4:219, 4:515, 4:637, 6:346, 6:347, 7:13, 7:187, 7:191, 7:570, 8:146–8:148, 8:408, 8:464, 8:554–8:555, 8:635n, 9:301, 9:533–9:537, 9:537n, 11:11, 11:11, 12:257, 12:538, 12:554, 14:256, 15:485, 15:485n, 16:9, 17:7, 17:234, 17:234n, 17:234n
crepe, 15:452, 18:46, 18:47, 18:145, 18:147n
domestic, 17:5, 17:5, 17:11, 17:234n, 18:43, 18:43, 18:45, 18:48, 18:49, 18:50, 18:143, 18:144n, 18:144–18:146, 18:225n, 19:9, 19:11, 19:11, 19:11, 19:15, 19:16, 19:615
dowlas, 18:48, 19:14, 19:16n
drill, 17:6
duck, 2:98–2:100, 2:175
dyeing of, 3:221–3:223, 3:238–3:239, 3:288–3:289, 3:326–3:327, 6:114, 6:314, 6:335, 9:355, 9:447–9:448, 12:257–12:258, 17:234n
everlasting, 5:394
fearnought, 19:11, 19:16n
ferret (fabric tape), 6:345, 6:346, 16:14
flannel, 4:361, 5:370, 5:393, 6:345, 6:345, 15:144, 15:271, 16:9, 16:9, 16:12, 16:13, 17:10, 17:10, 17:11, 18:45, 19:8, 19:9, 19:9, 20:452
flax, 11:11, 11:11
forest cloth
hemp, 6:345, 6:345, 8:185, 8:554, 11:136, 12:538, 16:12
holland, 6:345, 6:346, 9:565, 9:566n, 15:451, 15:475n, 16:6, 16:8, 16:8, 16:10, 16:11, 17:6, 18:42, 18:42, 18:43, 18:44, 19:11, 19:13
home manufacture of, 1:561, 1:573–1:574, 1:591, 2:98–2:100, 2:175, 3:221–3:223, 3:238, 4:143, 4:143n, 4:343, 4:417, 4:428, 4:435, 4:571–4:572, 4:637, 5:187, 5:207–5:208, 5:208n, 5:268–5:269, 5:307, 5:439, 5:562–5:563, 6:114, 6:556, 7:52–7:53, 7:187, 7:191, 7:240–7:241, 7:325, 7:347–7:348, 7:406, 7:569–7:570, 7:593, 8:252–8:253, 8:460, 8:535, 8:544, 8:634, 8:635, 9:601, 10:547, 11:141, 12:538
homespun, 1:100n, 1:561, 1:591, 1:667, 6:308, 6:309, 7:191, 7:325, 8:356, 8:368, 9:562, 10:491n, 10:609, 13:386, 18:146
huckaback, 5:394
humhums, 6:345, 6:349n
jean, 1:308, 16:8
Kendal, 9:301, 16:12
kersey, 9:301, 16:12
leghorn, 18:147n
levantine, 17:10
linen, 3:202, 3:280n, 3:309, 3:309n, 4:27, 4:102, 4:138, 4:231–4:232n, 6:344, 6:347, 8:460, 8:554, 9:597, 11:11, 16:7, 16:12, 17:9, 18:43, 18:225, 19:11, 19:14, 19:14, 19:486, 19:615
lutestring, 16:9, 19:10, 19:16n
Manchester cord, 17:5, 17:5, 17:6, 18:44
manufacturing, 1:524–1:525, 2:592, 6:114, 6:314, 6:335, 6:631, 6:631–6:632n, 7:72–7:73, 7:81, 8:146–8:148, 8:179–8:180, 8:464, 8:545–8:546, 8:547, 8:547–8:548, 9:533–9:537, 9:564–9:565, 9:601–9:602, 9:616, 10:32, 12:241, 12:257–12:258, 12:260, 12:275, 12:338, 12:339, 12:354, 12:365, 12:396–12:397, 12:408–12:409, 18:144–18:146, 19:615
milkweed, 11:135–11:136
muslin, 4:27, 4:102, 8:464, 16:6
nankeen, 16:6, 19:16
osnaburg, 1:303, 4:358, 4:515, 5:33, 5:385, 6:347, 6:349n, 9:301, 15:485, 16:12, 17:10, 18:40, 18:48, 18:50, 19:11
pelisse cloth, 19:12, 19:16n
plain cloth, 6:308, 6:309, 6:310, 6:344, 6:344, 6:344, 6:344, 6:345, 6:345, 9:301, 10:609, 12:361, 12:362, 16:11, 16:12, 16:13, 16:13, 16:13, 18:50, 19:10, 19:680n
Providence cloth, 18:147n
rattinet, 7:349, 7:349n, 7:488
ribbon, 16:9, 19:12
sent to TJ, 15:362, 15:363n, 18:521, 18:521
shirting, 6:308, 6:308, 6:309, 6:309, 6:310, 6:348, 9:303, 9:303, 9:566, 9:597, 12:538, 15:229, 15:247, 15:450, 15:451, 15:452, 16:13, 17:5, 17:5, 17:11, 18:47, 18:51, 18:51, 18:147n, 19:14, 19:486n
silk, 4:85, 4:343, 5:439, 6:345, 6:345, 9:565, 16:6, 16:6, 16:8, 16:8, 16:9, 17:5, 17:5, 17:6, 17:10, 17:142, 18:42, 18:43, 18:43, 18:44, 18:44, 18:47, 18:47, 18:47, 18:471, 19:10, 19:11, 19:12, 19:15, 19:16, 19:574
silk manufacturing, 1:341, 1:342n, 1:355, 1:412–1:413, 1:413, 1:414, 1:423–1:424, 1:472, 3:343, 3:343n, 3:635, 12:257, 19:615
Taurino, 7:72–7:73, 7:73n, 7:191
ticking, 18:47, 19:14
Ticklenburg, 4:28, 4:28n, 5:385, 6:344, 6:344, 6:345, 6:345, 6:346, 14:636, 15:485, 15:485n, 16:8, 16:12, 16:14, 19:11
TJ purchases, 15:451
velvet, 12:554, 16:12
and weaving, 3:238–3:239, 5:446, 5:448, 6:556, 12:185, 12:186, 12:257–12:258, 12:338–12:339, 12:339, 12:354, 12:365–12:366, 12:396–12:397, 16:36
wool, 1:15–1:16, 1:479n, 3:637, 4:27, 4:40, 4:102, 4:343, 4:346, 5:129–5:130, 5:130, 5:187, 5:448, 6:114, 6:308, 6:309, 6:310, 6:314, 6:335, 6:631, 6:631–6:632n, 7:13, 7:52–7:53, 7:191, 7:309–7:310, 7:460, 7:570, 8:174, 8:185, 8:234, 8:544, 8:570, 9:535–9:537, 10:547, 12:257, 12:408–12:409, 12:538, 15:229, 16:10, 16:11, 18:42, 18:217n, 19:486
yarn, 12:194, 12:257, 12:261, 12:396–12:397, 13:325, 13:349, 15:134, 17:5
Thacher, George
identified, 20:417n
letters from, 20:415–20:417, 20:558–20:559
letter to, 20:466–20:467
and publication of TJ’s letters, 20:415–20:416, 20:466–20:467
sends religious works to TJ, 20:417n, 20:466, 20:558–20:559, 20:559n
Thacher, Oxenbridge
and origin of American Revolution, 12:495, 12:531n
Thacher, Peter
minister of Brattle Street Church, 8:49, 8:50n
Thacher, Samuel Cooper
as minister of New South Church, Boston, 14:310
Unity of God, A Sermon, 12:356n, 12:576
Thackara, William
and builders’ prices, 12:278
identified, 12:279n
letter from, to B. H. Latrobe, 12:278–12:279
Thacker, Martin
and Central College–University of Virginia subscription, 11:324, 11:330, 13:161, 15:97, 16:303, 20:194
Thacker, Nathaniel
and University of Virginia, 16:309, 16:480
Thaer, Albrecht Daniel
Principes raisonnés d’agriculture (a trans. of Grundsätze der rationellen Landwirthschaft), 6:17, 6:18n
Thames (steamboat), 9:134, 9:135n
Thames, Battle of the (Canada) (1813), 6:546n, 6:577n, 8:221, 8:263
Thames River (England)
tunnel under, 6:574, 6:574–6:575n
Thanet, Isle of, England
cement from, 13:410
Thatchers, Mr.
carries letter, 13:62
Thayer, Jechonias
identified, 17:110n
sends corn to TJ, 17:109–17:110, 17:134
Théatre d’Æschyle (Aeschylus; trans. La Porte Du Theil), 15:26, 15:490, 15:491n
Le Théâtre d’Agriculture et Mesnage des Champs (O. de Serres), 1:35, 1:581, 2:82, 7:626, 11:164, 17:138, 17:139n, 17:445, 17:447
Théatre d’Aristophane, avec les fragmens de Ménandre et de Philémon (Aristophanes; trans. L. Poinsinet de Sivry), 11:352, 11:397, 11:397, 11:456, 11:547, 11:592, 11:646, 12:153, 12:439
Théatre d’Éducation (S. F. Genlis), 12:534
Théatre de Société (S. F. Genlis), 12:534
Thebaud, Joseph, 1:522
Themistocles
J. Adams on, 17:505
TJ references, 17:372, 17:378n, 19:125, 19:126n
Thénard, Louis Jacques, 1:264, 1:267n, 1:317n
Thenia (TJ’s slave; b. 1793)
on Monticello slave lists, 4:388
Theocritus
edition of by L. C. Valckenaer, 9:196, 9:456
mentioned, 6:403, 7:448
quoted by TJ, 6:231, 6:234n
Θεοκρίτου τὰ Εὑρισκόμενα . Theocriti quæ extant Cum Græcis Scholiis, 9:456, 14:510, 17:138, 17:444
TJ reads, 6:302
theodolites, 3:480, 4:369, 9:xliii, 9:xliii–9:xliv, 9:82, 9:153, 9:157, 9:168, 9:171n, 9:221, 9:222, 9:222, 9:315, 9:344 (illus.) , 9:344 (illus.) , 9:622, 9:643, 9:688–9:689, 11:544, 13:385, 16:99
Theodore I. See Neuhof, Theodor von, king of Corsica
Theodore I Lascaris, emperor of Nicaea, 8:683
Theodore Roosevelt Island. See Mason’s Island (Analostan Island; later Theodore Roosevelt Island)
Theodoret
Ἑλληνικῶν παθημάτων θεραπευτική, 11:452
Theodosius of Bithynia
Sphaerics, 18:650, 18:650
Theognis
writings of, 6:279, 6:280n, 6:386–6:387, 6:388n, 6:465–6:466, 6:467n, 6:504, 6:504, 6:504, 6:505, 6:562, 6:563, 6:563, 6:565, 6:568n, 6:623, 6:623
Θεοκρίτου τὰ Εὑρισκόμενα. Theocriti quæ extant Cum Græcis Scholiis (Theocritus), 9:456, 14:510, 17:138, 17:444
Theological works (T. Scott), 2:321
The Theological Works of Thomas Paine (T. Paine), 20:319, 20:321n
theology
collegiate education in, 16:628, 20:87
Theophili antecessoris Institvtionvm Libri IV (Theophilus), 3:48, 3:546, 7:125
Theophilus
Theophili antecessoris Institvtionvm Libri IV, 3:48, 3:546, 7:125
Theophrastus (Greek philosopher), 12:496
Théorie de La Terre (J. C. Lamétherie), 8:429, 8:429, 8:429–8:430n
Théorie des Fonctions Analytiques (J. L. Lagrange), 13:314n, 20:292
Théorie des Signes (R. A. C. Sicard), 1:662, 1:662n, 17:536
Théorie Générale des Equations Algébriques (É. Bézout), 16:400n
The Theory and Practice of Brewing (M. Combrune), 1:582, 6:507, 6:533, 6:597
The theory and practice of finding the Longitude at Sea or Land (A. Mackay), 1:492, 1:498n, 9:60, 10:62, 10:81, 10:158
The Theory of Moral Sentiments (A. Smith), 13:177, 13:177n, 19:506
thermometers
calibration of, 15:343–15:344
compensating, 5:558, 5:559n
differential, 14:313
manufactured by Dollond, 10:xlvii, 10:240 (illus.)
mentioned, 8:214, 9:689
and meteorological observations, 8:304, 9:239–9:243, 12:352, 12:353, 12:353, 12:618, 12:619, 14:550n, 14:594, 14:633n, 16:97, 16:97, 16:251, 16:400n, 16:554, 19:386, 20:454n
TJ purchases, 5:xlviii
TJ uses, 11:34, 12:574–12:575, 14:596, 14:597n, 15:343–15:344
TJ receives from J. P. Todd, 10:xlvii, 10:320
for U.S. Coast Survey, 9:224, 9:224
used in chemical laboratories, 20:612, 20:636
used in navigation, 3:93, 3:95n
used to calculate altitude, 12:343–12:344, 12:491–12:492
Thermometrical Navigation (J. Williams), 3:95n
Θησαυρὸς τῆς Ἑλληνικῆς Γλώσσης. Thesaurus Graecae Linguae (ed. H. Estienne), 3:546, 13:342, 13:343n, 13:358, 13:494, 13:494, 13:525, 14:193, 16:224, 16:257
Thesaurus Linguæ Romanæ & Britannicæ (T. Cooper), 16:364, 17:197
Theseus (mythological character), 19:439
Thetis (schooner), 5:665, 5:667n
Theus, Simeon
as collector at Charleston, 10:411, 11:131–11:132, 11:137–11:138
identified, 11:132n
letter from accounted for, 11:138n
letters to, 11:131–11:132, 11:137–11:138
and wine for TJ, 11:131–11:132, 11:137, 11:137–11:138
Thiébaut de Berneaud, Arsenne
identified, 18:63–18:64n
letter from, 18:62–18:64
as secretary of the Société Linnéenne de Paris, 18:62
Thieme, Carl August
edits Ξενοφῶντος τὰ σωζόμενα Xenophontis Opera Graece et Latine (Xenophon), 14:510, 17:106
Thiene, Adriano, 16:343
Thiene, Marcantonio, 16:343
Thierry, Jean Baptiste Simon
and batture controversy, 2:524, 2:526, 2:531, 2:678
Examen des Droits des Etats-Unis et des pretensions de Mr. Edouard Livingston sur la Batture en Face du Faubourg Ste. Marie, 2:439, 2:446n, 2:516, 2:517n, 2:531, 2:532n, 2:658, 3:30, 3:72, 3:133–3:134, 3:135n, 3:159, 3:203, 3:226, 3:233, 3:271, 3:476, 3:484, 4:643n
identified, 4:643n
letters to, 4:643
Reply to Mr. Duponceau, 1:287, 1:287n, 3:484
TJ differs with, 4:643
TJ sends batture pamphlet to, 4:624, 4:643
Things as they are; or, the Adventures of Caleb Williams (W. Godwin), 12:534
The Third Part of the Institutes of the Laws of England (E. Coke), 7:171, 7:173n, 10:12, 10:14n, 10:428
Thirty Years’ War, 6:192
Thom
delivers goods, 17:223, 17:223, 19:38, 19:275
Thomas (TJ’s slave; b. 1813). See Hughes, Thomas (TJ’s slave; b. 1813)
Thomas, Miss, 2:103
Thomas, Mr.
J. L. Jefferson rents ferry from, 9:489
Thomas, Antoine Léonard
Eulogium on Marcus Aurelius (trans. Warden), 3:309, 3:310n
Thomas, Archibald
and University of Virginia, 19:57
Thomas, Isaiah
and American Antiquarian Society, 16:351, 18:xlix–18:l, 18:322, 18:325, 18:325, 18:325, 18:326n, 20:436
The History of Printing in America, 1:333, 1:334n
identified, 16:352n
letter from accounted for, 16:352n
letter to, 16:351–16:352
Thomas, James
employee of J. Milligan, 13:408, 13:408n, 13:520, 13:520–13:521n, 14:39, 14:93, 16:427
identified, 14:39n
introduced to TJ, 14:39
and J. Milligan’s bookselling business, 16:427
visits Monticello, 14:39, 14:39n, 14:93
Thomas, James (of Albemarle Co.), 5:141n
Thomas, Jesse, Jr.
petition to General Assembly, 4:346–4:349
Thomas, Jesse Burgess
and Missouri question, 15:532
as speaker of Indiana Territory House of Representatives, 1:96
Thomas, J. L. & N. K. (Richmond firm). See J. L. & N. K. Thomas (Richmond firm)
Thomas, John
and Central College subscription, 11:325, 11:330
Thomas, John Henry
A Systematic Arrangement of Lord Coke’s First Institute of the Laws of England, 17:419, 17:538, 17:563, 18:334–18:335, 18:335n, 18:335, 18:381, 18:446, 18:446n, 18:463, 18:475, 18:580, 18:580, 20:410, 20:411, 20:412n, 20:422
Thomas, John L.
and Central College subscription, 11:325, 11:330
as collector for University of Virginia, 19:39, 19:40n, 19:71n, 19:257, 19:258n, 19:512, 19:553, 20:180, 20:180n, 20:189–20:190, 20:190n, 20:192, 20:193n, 20:194, 20:194, 20:194, 20:194, 20:195, 20:195, 20:196, 20:199, 20:199, 20:199–20:200, 20:239, 20:328, 20:585
as commission merchant, 4:52
health of, 6:148
and Henderson case, 5:274–5:275, 5:277, 5:364, 5:371, 5:651, 5:651n, 5:658, 6:5, 6:148
identified, 4:52–4:53n
letters from, 4:52–4:53, 5:364, 5:658, 6:148
letters to, 5:274–5:275, 5:371, 5:651, 6:5
TJ pays, 19:11
and University of Virginia, 20:199, 20:201, 20:202, 20:207, 20:218, 20:218, 20:221, 20:221, 20:223, 20:223, 20:224, 20:230, 20:231, 20:233
Thomas, Moses
and J. Pinkerton’s atlas, 3:296
Thomas, N. K., & Company (Richmond firm). See N. K. Thomas & Company (Richmond firm)
Thomas, Norborne K.
and Central College subscription, 11:325, 11:334
as commission merchant, 4:52, 5:277
identified, 5:277n
letters from, 5:277
Thomas, Robert
The Modern Practice of Physic, 11:4, 11:4n
Thomas, William
letter from, 20:627
proposes to visit Monticello, 20:627
regarded as insane by TJ, 20:627n
Thomas à Kempis (Thomas Hammerken [Hemerken])
De Imitatione Christi, 18:605
Thomas & Martin (Philadelphia firm), 12:409
Thomas Aquinas, Saint, 7:480, 7:667, 12:443, 19:526, 20:620n
Thomas B. Wait & Sons (Boston firm)
identified, 7:646n
letters from, 7:644–7:646
printing house, 7:646n
and State Papers and Publick Documents, 7:644, 7:645–7:646n, 8:156, 18:524, 20:373, 20:404–20:405
Thomas Cox & Company (North Carolina firm) See also Cox, Thomas , 19:115
Thomas Eston Randolph & Company (Shadwell Mill, Va.)
agreement with TJ, 10:396
Thomas Gilpin & Company (Brandywine, Pa., firm), 5:654–5:655n
Thomasius, Christian
in F. A. Van der Kemp’s proposed book, 4:502
Thos Jefferson the Pride of America (Gimbrede), 1:xlvii, 1:23, 1:23n, 1:32, 1:380 (illus.)
Thomas Leiper & Son (firm). See Leiper, Thomas
Thomas M. Randolph & Company (Shadwell mills, Va.) See also Randolph, Thomas Eston (TJ’s cousin); Randolph, Thomas Mann (1768–1828) (TJ’s son-in-law; Martha Jefferson Randolph’s husband)
Account of Flour Shipped, 9:547–9:548
account with TJ, 10:474–10:475, 10:478
identified, 9:547n
letter from, 9:546–9:547
and TJ’s flour, 9:546–9:547, 9:547, 9:547–9:548n, 9:567–9:568, 9:568n, 10:474–10:475, 10:478
Thomas Ritchie & Company (Richmond firm) See also Ritchie, Thomas
proposes to publish work, 19:460–19:461n
Thomas Smart v. The Magistrates and Town Council of the Burgh of Dundee (Brown’s Reports), 3:151, 3:151n, 3:316, 3:546, 3:546, 3:546
Thompson, Mr.
and naval appointment, 5:495
Thompson, Benjamin. See Rumford, Benjamin Thompson, Count
Thompson, Benjamin Franklin
identified, 4:54n
letters from, 4:53–4:54
letters to, 4:76
An Oration, delivered before the Tammany Society, or Columbian Order, of Brookhaven, (L.I.), 4:53, 4:54n, 4:76
Thompson, Cephas
as portraitist, 14:lii
Thompson, David Jones
identified, 8:695–8:696n
letter from, 8:695–8:696
military service of, 8:695
provides lumber for TJ, 8:695–8:696
Thompson, George
and Fraser’s application, 4:546, 4:546n
Thompson, George (of Albemarle Co.)
and Rivanna River navigation, 11:106, 14:337, 14:359–14:360, 14:407
Thompson, George (London publisher)
“The Taking of the City of Washington in America”, 7:xlv, 7:434 (illus.)
Thompson, Hugh
merchant, 8:363
Thompson, Isabella
signs petition, 18:146
Thompson, John
militia service of, 7:161
Thompson (Thomson), John (Campbell Co. landholder)
and Bedford Co. land, 5:476, 5:479, 5:487
and lumber for TJ, 8:695
and survey of Poplar Forest, 12:210, 12:212–12:213
Thompson (Tompson), John (clerk in Orleans Territory), 1:635, 1:642n
Thompson, John (judge in Orleans Territory), 1:635, 2:211, 2:212
Thompson, John Lewis, 5:623n
Thompson, John W.
on Republican committee of correspondence, 11:599n
Thompson, Jonathan
account with TJ, 18:120, 18:120–18:121, 18:170, 19:702, 19:702
as collector at New York, 17:225, 17:243, 17:277, 17:277, 17:448n, 17:534, 18:51, 18:71, 18:118, 18:120, 18:120–18:121, 18:169, 18:170, 18:179, 18:194, 18:364, 18:491–18:492, 18:561, 19:498, 19:499n, 19:501n, 19:684, 19:702, 19:702, 20:14, 20:14, 20:31, 20:479
identified, 17:225n
letter from accounted for, 19:684n
letters from, 17:225, 17:277, 18:51, 18:120, 18:194, 18:491–18:492, 19:702, 20:31
letters to, 17:243–17:244, 18:71, 18:170, 18:561, 19:684, 20:14–20:15
Thompson, Philip Rootes
and establishment of University of Virginia, 13:473, 13:473n, 13:473n, 13:491, 13:558, 14:14
as U.S. representative, 4:64, 4:67n
as Va. legislator, 13:592
Thompson, Pishey
as bookseller, 20:501
Thompson, Roger
and Rivanna River navigation, 11:106, 14:337, 14:359–14:360, 14:407
Thompson, S. J. & Company (Baltimore firm). See S. J. Thompson & Company (Baltimore firm)
Thompson, Smith
and appointments, 17:435, 17:437, 17:461, 17:465, 18:627
and charges against J. Barron, 17:516, 17:517n, 17:519
correspondence of, 17:517n
identified, 17:437–17:438n
letter from
letter to, 17:437–17:438
C. W. Peale proposes to paint, 13:540
presidential prospects of, 17:214
as secretary of the navy, 17:460, 17:464, 17:464n, 18:16, 19:72, 19:142
and TJ’s purported support of D. Clinton, 17:118
Thompson, William (of England)
and E. Aram’s murder trial, 7:375
Thompson, William (of Virginia), 18:405
Thompson, William Augustus
and W. J. Coffee, 18:174, 18:183
and goods for TJ, 18:174
identified, 18:175n
letters from, 18:174–18:175, 18:183
letter to accounted for, 18:175n
Thomson, Alexander
translates The Lives of the First Twelve Cæsars (Suetonius), 1:580, 12:534, 19:505
Thomson, Charles
friendship with TJ, 9:340–9:342, 9:708–9:709, 10:59
health of, 10:59–10:60, 10:60, 10:649–10:650, 11:29, 17:603, 18:12, 18:12, 18:423, 18:454, 18:454, 18:502, 18:516
The Holy Bible, containing the Old and New Covenant, 3:596, 3:596n, 10:214, 10:300, 10:450, 15:159, 15:159n, 15:223, 16:115
identified, 9:342n
letters from, 10:59–10:61, 10:649–10:651
letters to, 9:340–9:342, 11:29
and J. P. Norris
secretary of Continental Congress, 3:39, 3:40n, 6:207, 6:373, 6:612
and speeches of the American Revolution, 10:602, 10:602n
A Synopsis of the Four Evangelists, 8:472, 8:472n, 8:672, 8:673n, 9:194, 9:194n, 9:340, 10:300, 11:115–11:116, 11:116n
and TJ’s religious beliefs, 10:262, 10:300–10:301, 10:480, 10:518, 10:521, 10:541, 10:649, 10:650, 11:29
Thomson, Ignatius, 19:583, 19:583n, 19:633
Thomson, James
quoted, 16:203
The Seasons, 12:534, 16:203n
Spring, 12:160, 12:164n, 19:302, 19:303n
TJ on, 12:532
tragedies of, 19:507
Thomson, James G.
on University of Pennsylvania faculty, 8:446, 8:449n
Thomson, John. See Thompson (Thomson), John (Campbell Co. landholder)
Thomson, Mary, 18:516
Thomson, Thomas
mineralogical theories of, 13:102
Thomson, Bonar, & Company (London firm), 14:343
thorn
as agricultural fence, 7:80–7:81, 10:194–10:195, 10:196n, 11:228
Cockspur hawthorn, 10:238
Maple-leaf (Washington hawthorn), 10:195, 10:196n, 10:197, 10:198n
New Castle, 7:80
propagation of, 10:194–10:195, 10:197, 10:292–10:293
pyracantha, 10:197, 10:197, 10:238
Virginia, 7:80
writings on, 10:195, 10:196n, 10:197
Thorn, Abia B. See also Thorn & Chamberlain (Albemarle Co. firm)
Arthur S. Brockenbrough’s Agreement with Abia B. Thorn and Nathaniel Chamberlain for Rotunda Brickwork, 19:433–19:435, 19:450, 19:452
as brick mason for University of Virginia, 15:386n, 16:19, 16:303, 16:313, 16:313, 16:314, 16:319, 16:479, 17:639, 17:641n, 18:534, 19:185, 19:189, 19:237, 19:237n, 19:395–19:396n, 19:433–19:434, 19:435n, 20:222, 20:223, 20:227, 20:556
identified, 19:435n
and stonework for University of Virginia, 19:435n, 20:202, 20:203, 20:205, 20:224, 20:225, 20:227, 20:229, 20:231, 20:231, 20:231, 20:235n, 20:235n
Thorn & Chamberlain (Albemarle Co. firm) See also ; Thorn, Abia B.; Chamberlain, Nathaniel
as builder for University of Virginia, 20:200, 20:205, 20:207, 20:219, 20:220, 20:226, 20:227, 20:227, 20:228, 20:229, 20:232, 20:234, 20:556
Thornton, Mr.
and University of Virginia, 18:123
Thornton, Anna Maria Brodeau (William Thornton’s wife)
sends greetings to TJ, 1:479
TJ sends greetings to, 1:466, 5:80, 5:80n, 5:148, 5:148n, 16:578
Thornton, Francis
witnesses bond, 4:232n
Thornton, Henry, 3:319, 3:320n
Thornton, Matthew
signer of Declaration of Independence, 14:292, 19:471
Thornton, Philip
identified, 8:96n
leases Natural Bridge from TJ, 8:96, 8:96n, 8:119–8:120, 8:120–8:121, 8:123, 8:257, 8:281, 8:308–8:309, 8:347, 9:402, 9:402n, 9:449, 9:450, 10:520, 11:237, 11:238n, 11:428, 11:642, 12:340, 12:525, 12:525–12:526, 12:544
letters from, 8:96, 9:402, 12:544
letters to, 8:123, 9:450, 11:642, 12:340, 12:525–12:526
and T. M. Randolph’s gubernatorial prospects, 8:96n
and shot manufactory, 1:367n, 8:96, 8:96n, 8:119–8:120, 8:120–8:121, 8:257, 8:281–8:282, 8:309, 8:347, 10:520, 11:642, 12:340, 12:525, 12:525–12:526, 12:544
and TJ’s rumored death, 9:402, 9:450
visits Monticello, 8:96n, 8:123
Thornton, Robert John
A New Family Herbal, 7:458, 7:458n
Thornton, William
as agent for O. Barrett, 4:592, 4:666–4:667, 5:21–5:22, 5:23
borrows paintings from TJ, 8:136, 8:160, 8:195, 9:592, 10:71, 10:71n, 10:71–10:72, 10:159–10:160, 10:258, 10:258–10:259, 10:274, 11:135, 11:266–11:267, 11:342, 11:387
and design of Central College, 11:315, 11:342–11:343, 11:387–11:390, 11:393, 16:527
Drawing and Description of a Water and Cider Filter, 8:196, 8:403, 8:404–8:405
educational system proposed by, 11:390, 11:391n
and fig trees, 2:3, 2:32, 2:367–2:368, 2:379, 2:412–2:413, 2:456
on France, 16:528
health of, 5:22, 5:80, 5:142, 5:181, 5:210, 5:242, 9:592, 16:530
A. von Humboldt sends greetings to, 1:453n
identified, 1:466n
introduces T. Freeborn, 11:454, 11:462
inventions of, 8:253, 8:402–8:403, 8:404–8:405
and W. Janes’s loom, 8:135–8:136, 8:160, 8:195, 8:249, 8:252–8:253
letter from, to G. Greer, 7:508–7:509
letters from, 1:476–1:480, 2:3–2:4, 2:367–2:368, 2:379–2:380, 2:456–2:457, 3:63–3:64, 4:425–4:428, 5:21–5:23, 5:141–5:142, 5:181–5:182, 5:241–5:242, 7:438–7:439, 7:506–7:507, 8:135–8:137, 8:195–8:196, 8:402–8:403, 8:408, 9:592–9:593, 10:159–10:160, 10:258–10:259, 11:135–11:136, 11:266–11:267, 11:387–11:392, 11:454, 16:527–16:531
letters to, 1:465–1:466, 1:599–1:600, 2:32–2:33, 2:412–2:414, 2:492–2:493, 4:417–4:418, 4:666–4:668, 5:80, 5:134, 5:148, 5:209–5:210, 7:405–7:407, 7:486–7:487, 7:568, 8:160–8:161, 8:252–8:253, 10:71–10:72, 10:274, 11:342–11:343, 16:577–16:578
letter to, from W. Cranch, 5:23–5:24
letter to, from W. Janes, 7:507–7:508
mentioned, 8:314
and merino sheep, 1:199, 1:224–1:225, 1:286, 1:464, 1:465–1:466, 1:467, 1:476–1:477, 1:479, 1:480–1:481, 1:599, 2:3–2:4, 2:32, 2:379, 2:380, 2:413, 2:431, 2:456–2:457, 2:492, 5:142, 5:181
musical instrument invented by, 7:439, 7:487
opinion of Spanish army, 2:379–2:380
on B. Otis’s portraits, 10:258
as patent office superintendent, 2:5n, 2:367, 5:22–5:23, 5:23n, 7:405–7:406, 7:438–7:439, 7:486–7:487, 7:506–7:507, 7:507, 7:508, 7:523, 7:568, 7:668–7:669, 7:669n, 8:160, 8:408, 9:138, 9:339–9:340, 9:592, 9:592–9:593, 11:6, 11:135, 13:155, 13:155n, 16:528, 16:578
portrait of TJ by, 8:136, 8:137n, 9:592, 10:72, 10:159–10:160, 10:258, 10:258–10:259, 10:274, 11:135, 11:266, 11:267n
on reformation of English language, 6:414, 6:415n
and sale of TJ’s library, 8:136
and sculpture of TJ, 11:267
seeks appointment, 16:528–16:531, 16:577–16:578
sends cotton cloth to TJ, 8:408
sends publications to TJ, 8:195, 8:253, 8:408, 8:408n, 9:592, 11:135
sends publications to T. M. Randolph, 8:408
and shepherd dogs, 2:3, 2:32, 2:409, 2:413, 2:431, 2:456, 2:490, 2:492, 2:492, 2:511–2:512, 2:568, 2:666, 3:63, 3:63, 5:181, 5:209–5:210
Short Account of the Origin of Steam Boats, 8:195
Sketches for a Corinthian Pavilion, 11:393
and South America, 16:528–16:530, 16:531n
and spinning machines, 4:417–4:418, 4:424, 4:425–4:426, 4:512, 4:592, 4:666–4:667, 5:21–5:22, 5:22, 5:24, 5:80, 5:134, 5:141, 5:145, 5:148, 5:181, 5:209, 5:241–5:242
on G. Stuart’s portraits, 10:159–10:160, 10:258
and TJ’s cisterns, 8:252, 8:253n
and water-raising machine, 8:195–8:196
and C. Whitlow’s botanical discoveries, 4:426–4:427, 4:667, 5:22
and work on U.S. Capitol, 3:534, 3:535, 3:537n, 3:555–3:556
Thornton, William M.
and Central College subscription, 11:331
Thorp, Mr., 11:15
“A Thought on Death, November, 1814” (A. L. Barbauld), 18:423
Thoughts of Cicero (Cicero; comp. P. J. T. d’Olivet), 19:505
Thoughts on Government: Applicable to The Present State of the American Colonies (J. Adams), 20:151n
Thoughts on Instinctive Impulses (T. Law), 3:209, 3:261, 3:298, 3:578, 3:579n, 7:467, 7:468n
Thoughts on Political Economy (D. Raymond), 16:548–16:549
Thoughts on Religion, and other curious Subjects (B. Pascal), 7:386, 7:386n
Thoüin, André
asks TJ to submit scholarship for publication, 6:17
“Description de la Greffe Juge, nouvelle sorte” , 19:353n
“Description de la Greffe Sainclair, nouvelle sorte” , 19:353n
“Description D’une nouvelle sorte de Greffe, nommée Greffe Vilmorin” , 19:353n
as director of Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 8:680, 13:85–13:86, 13:147, 13:147
on education, 11:263–11:264
on European interest in U.S., 11:264
on grafting, 4:320, 4:321n, 4:538, 4:621, 7:55, 7:55n
“Histoire et Description D’une nouvelle espèce de Poirier, envoyée du Mont-Sinaï” , 19:353n
identified, 1:202n
and Institut de France, 5:433
introduces J. Corrêa da Serra, 4:319–4:320, 4:539n, 7:55, 7:55n
introduces J. Lakanal, 9:267–9:268
letters from, 2:308–2:309, 3:419, 4:319–4:321, 6:17–6:18, 9:267–9:268, 11:263–11:266, 12:482, 13:85–13:87, 19:352–19:353
letters to, 1:201–1:202, 7:54–7:55, 8:321–8:323, 8:480
“Mémoire sur la Greffe Banks. Nouvelle Sorte” , 19:353n
Note Sur la culture et les usages du Chêne à glands doux ou Ballota. (Quercus Ballota), 19:353n
Note Sur la culture et les usages du Pin Laricio de Corse, 19:353n
Note Sur la Soude d’Alicante ou Barille (Salsola Sativa), L., 19:353n
and R. M. Patterson, 1:201
Quelques Notes & mémoires Sur des cultures forestières, jardinières & champetres, 19:353n
recommends book to TJ, 6:17
recommends G. Troost, 2:308
requests assistance in procuring seeds, 6:17, 6:152
sends greetings to TJ, 1:141, 1:629, 20:446
sends rice to TJ, 1:208, 1:596
sends seeds to TJ, 2:91n, 3:419, 3:544, 3:583, 3:604, 3:604, 3:614, 3:629, 4:84, 4:85n, 4:498, 4:621, 5:382, 5:553, 6:17, 6:44, 6:45, 6:152, 6:196, 7:54–7:55, 7:90, 7:90, 8:420, 8:615, 8:615n, 8:615, 10:239–10:240, 11:263, 12:477, 12:482, 13:85, 14:175, 16:46, 19:352, 19:609
sends works to TJ, 19:352
TJ introduces B. S. Barton to, 8:321, 8:325
TJ introduces L. H. Girardin to, 8:480
TJ sends greetings to, 20:282
and TJ’s health, 20:99
on viticulture, 11:264
Θουκυδίδου Πλάτωνος καὶ Λυσίου λόγοι ἐπιτάφιοι (Thucydides, Plato, and Lysias), 10:358
thread, 4:358, 6:344, 6:344, 6:345, 6:345, 6:345, 6:349n, 9:565, 9:566, 9:597, 12:362, 12:397, 15:450, 15:451, 15:451, 15:451, 15:451, 15:452, 15:452n, 15:475n, 15:475n, 16:6, 16:6, 16:8, 16:8, 16:11, 16:11, 16:11, 16:12, 16:13, 16:13, 16:14, 17:4, 17:5, 17:5, 17:5, 17:5, 17:5, 17:6, 17:6, 17:7, 17:8, 17:234n, 18:41, 18:42, 18:42, 18:43, 18:43, 18:44, 18:44, 18:46, 18:47, 18:48, 18:48, 19:10, 19:11, 19:11, 19:13, 19:14, 19:15, 20:209, 20:216
Three Dissertations on Boylston Prize Questions for the Years 1806 and 1807 (G. C. Shattuck), 1:50–1:51, 1:51n
Three Important Questions Answered, relating to the Christian Name, Character and Hopes (H. Ware [1794–1843]), 18:657
Three Treatises (J. Harris), 8:388, 15:337, 15:337, 15:337, 15:338n
Threlkeld, Elizabeth (John Threlkeld’s wife)
family of, 1:40
Threlkeld, Jane, 3:433, 3:433n, 3:458, 3:513n
Threlkeld, John
encloses wife’s letter to M. B. Eppes, 3:513n
identified, 1:40n
letters from, 1:40, 3:433
letters to, 1:40, 3:458–3:459
sends plants to TJ, 1:40
TJ forwards letter for, 3:433, 3:433n, 3:458
threshing machines, 3:293, 3:371, 5:324, 5:325–5:326, 5:360, 5:444–5:445, 5:445n, 6:203, 7:81–7:82, 8:185, 8:368–8:369, 8:369n, 8:464, 8:520, 8:535–8:536, 10:32–10:33, 11:200, 14:588, 15:290, 15:591n, 15:607, 19:394n, 19:398
Threshly (Thresly), Mr. See Sthreshly, Robert B.
Thrimston (Thrimson) (TJ’s slave; b. ca. 1799). See Hern, Thrimston (Thrimson) (TJ’s slave; b. ca. 1799)
throat distemper. See diphtheria (throat distemper)
Thruston (TJ’s slave; b. 1795). See Hern, Thruston (TJ’s slave; b. 1795)
Thruston, Buckner, 1:473
Thuanus, Jacques Auguste de. See de Thou, Jacques Auguste
Thucydides
J. Adams reads, 4:475
De Bello Peloponnesiaco Libri Octo Graece et Latine (eds. J. Wasse and K. A. Duker), 9:195, 9:455, 10:233, 14:510, 17:106
The History of the Peloponnesian War, Translated from the Greek of Thucydides (trans. W. Smith), 1:580, 19:505
Θουκυδίδου Πλάτωνος καὶ Λυσίου λόγοι ἐπιτάφιοι, 10:358
Thucydidis De Bello Peloponnesiaco (ed. G. H. Schaefer), 17:536, 17:537n, 18:73n, 18:358, 18:376n, 18:376, 18:439, 18:619
TJ on, 7:447
TJ reads, 3:440, 4:429, 6:302
works of, 16:330, 16:441, 16:516
Thucydidis De Bello Peloponnesiaco (Thucydides; ed. G. H. Schaefer), 17:536, 17:537n, 18:73n, 18:358, 18:376n, 18:376, 18:439, 18:619
Thulemeier, Friedrich Wilhelm von
as diplomat, 17:338
Thurber, Samuel
and contagious disease, 16:268
and S. Eddy, 16:268
family of, 16:265–16:266
finances of, 16:265–16:266
and Fourth Baptist Society of Providence, R.I., 16:266–16:268
identified, 8:148n
letters from, 8:146–8:148, 16:265–16:268
letter to, 8:179–8:180
and relocation of cotton manufactory, 8:146–8:148, 8:179–8:180
Thurmond, Benjamin
as juror, 5:278, 5:279
witnesses warrant, 5:280
Thuston (E. Bacon’s slave), 16:152
Thwaites, Edward
Heptateuchus, Liber Job, et Evangelium Nicodemi; Anglo-Saxonice, 16:363, 17:196
Thweatt, Archibald
attends dinners honoring TJ, 1:608+, 1:615+
and Central College subscription, 11:327n, 11:590–11:591, 12:41–12:42, 12:472
desires to publish TJ letter, 17:580, 18:73
and Eppington, 12:141
family of, 12:139
finances of, 12:472
and fish for TJ, 15:378
and Gilliam v. Fleming, 2:83–2:85, 2:122–2:123, 2:141–2:142, 2:256, 2:340, 2:368, 2:396–2:397, 2:403, 2:407–2:408, 2:424, 2:424–2:425, 2:433–2:434, 2:446–2:448, 2:464, 2:540–2:541, 2:674–2:675, 3:44–3:45, 3:84–3:86, 5:90, 5:91n, 7:99
identified, 2:85n
letters from, 2:122–2:123, 2:368–2:369, 2:396–2:398, 2:403, 2:424, 2:446–2:448, 3:44–3:45, 5:161–5:162, 5:287, 12:41–12:42, 12:452, 12:472, 16:541, 17:580, 18:53, 18:82
letters from accounted for, 2:142n, 2:256n, 2:369n, 2:469n, 3:86n, 5:91n, 5:162n, 5:548n, 7:99n, 7:175n, 11:132n, 11:201n, 11:233n, 12:141n
letters from mentioned, 2:378
letters to, 2:83–2:85, 2:141–2:142, 2:256, 2:407–2:408, 2:424–2:426, 2:433–2:434, 2:468–2:469, 3:84–3:86, 5:90–5:91, 5:210–5:211, 5:548, 7:99, 7:175, 10:581–10:582, 10:628, 10:666–10:667, 11:200–11:201, 11:590–11:592, 12:140–12:141, 12:487, 16:556, 17:184, 18:73–18:74
letters to accounted for, 2:469n, 12:298n
letters to, from S. Roane, 18:54, 18:83
mentioned, 16:609, 17:248
and mill construction, 11:200
and petition of P. I. Barziza, 10:628, 10:628, 11:146, 11:147n
and proposed Albemarle Co. road, 10:581–10:582, 10:664, 10:666–10:667, 11:59, 11:59, 11:59n, 11:59n, 11:66, 11:119, 11:132, 11:133, 11:200
seeks appointment, 12:139–12:140, 12:140–12:141
sends work to TJ, 17:580
TJ recommends, 2:468–2:469, 12:139–12:140, 12:140–12:141
TJ sends batture pamphlet to, 5:548, 7:175
and TJ’s land dispute with S. Scott, 5:89, 5:90–5:91, 5:161–5:162, 5:162n, 5:210–5:211, 5:287, 5:287–5:288
and TJ’s newspapers, 1:469
toast by, 1:615+
urges TJ to resume political activity, 16:541, 16:556, 16:636, 18:53, 18:82
visits J. Madison, 2:468–2:469
and J. Wayles’s estate, 7:99, 7:174, 7:175, 9:647, 10:110, 12:452, 12:487, 15:260, 17:184
Thweatt, Lucy Eppes (Archibald Thweatt’s wife)
sends greetings to TJ, 2:424, 3:45, 5:162, 5:287
TJ sends greetings to, 2:85, 2:142, 2:256, 2:408, 2:425, 2:434, 5:91, 5:211, 7:99, 11:201, 12:141, 12:487, 16:556, 17:184, 18:74
Thweatt, Mary (Polly) Eppes (John Wayles Eppes’s sister; Richard Noble Thweatt’s wife)
marriage of, 2:68, 2:70n, 2:142n
sends greetings to TJ, 10:565
TJ sends greetings to, 10:540
Thweatt, Richard Noble
family of, 2:70n, 13:350
identified, 10:540n
letters from, 10:565–10:566, 13:173, 13:350
letters to, 10:540, 13:126–13:127, 13:287
and package for TJ, 10:500, 10:540, 10:540, 10:565
and wine for TJ, 13:126–13:127, 13:173, 13:283, 13:287, 13:350
thyme
sent to TJ, 15:429
Tibullus (Roman poet), 7:661, 9:196, 11:126
Tichenor, Isaac
recommends B. O. Tyler, 12:537n
Tichinor, Peter
as justice of the peace, 9:54
ticking (textile), 18:47, 19:14
Ticklenburg (textile), 4:28, 4:28n, 5:385, 6:344, 6:344, 6:345, 6:345, 6:346, 14:636, 15:485, 15:485n, 16:8, 16:12, 16:14, 19:11
Ticknor, Anna Eliot (George Ticknor’s wife)
marriage of, 18:27–18:28, 18:28n
mentioned, 19:678, 20:378
Ticknor, Elisha
and books for TJ, 10:212, 10:212, 10:320, 10:484–10:485, 10:502, 10:531–10:532, 10:576, 10:576–10:577, 11:414
and elementary schools, 12:513–12:514
forwards letters to and from TJ, 8:370, 8:371, 8:579, 8:584, 8:589, 8:651, 8:673n, 8:684–8:685, 9:82, 9:196, 9:353, 9:359, 9:403–9:404, 9:454, 9:456n, 9:460, 9:561, 10:502, 10:598, 11:419, 11:634, 12:203, 12:203, 12:466–12:467, 12:512, 12:513, 13:239, 13:337–13:338
health of, 8:650
identified, 8:584n
letters from, 8:650–8:651, 8:684–8:685, 9:403–9:404, 10:484–10:485, 10:502, 10:531–10:532, 12:512–12:514
letters to, 8:583–8:584, 9:359, 9:460, 10:320, 10:576–10:577, 11:419–11:420, 12:203, 12:466–12:467, 13:337–13:338
letter to accounted for, 8:673n
mentioned, 8:149n, 9:196, 13:337
as overseer of Dartmouth College, 10:383, 10:383n
relationship with son, 14:32
G. Ticknor sends books to, 9:195, 9:697, 10:383, 10:531
and G. Ticknor’s travels, 8:242n, 8:650–8:651, 8:684–8:685, 9:359, 9:403–9:404, 9:460, 10:383, 10:484, 10:485, 10:577, 12:466, 12:467, 12:512–12:513, 13:337–13:338
TJ sends greetings to, 15:304
Ticknor, Elizabeth Billings Curtis (Elisha Ticknor’s wife)
and books for TJ, 10:383
death of, 14:32
identified, 10:383n
letter from, 10:383
thanks TJ, 10:383
Ticknor, George
Account of a Visit to Monticello, 8:238–8:243
and J. Adams, 15:587
on alcohol, 18:27
and G. W. Blaettermann, 14:251, 14:345–14:346, 14:347–14:348, 15:302, 17:419
and books for TJ, 8:292, 8:325, 8:361–8:362, 8:370, 8:523, 8:549, 8:550, 8:578–8:580, 8:580–8:581, 8:583–8:584, 8:587, 8:589, 8:590n, 8:603, 8:627, 8:632, 8:633n, 8:673, 9:82–9:83, 9:87, 9:152, 9:195–9:196, 9:353, 9:354, 9:420, 9:420, 9:431, 9:454–9:456, 9:559–9:560, 9:561–9:562n, 9:696–9:697, 10:64–10:65, 10:212–10:213, 10:320, 10:383, 10:484–10:485, 10:531–10:532, 10:576–10:577, 10:598, 10:598n, 11:255, 11:296, 11:408, 11:408, 11:414–11:415, 11:455, 11:632, 12:109–12:110, 12:203–12:204, 12:576, 13:239
books sold by, 9:186, 9:186n, 9:276, 9:277n
carries TJ’s letters to Europe, 8:253, 8:266, 8:292, 8:308, 8:310, 8:320, 8:320n, 8:361, 8:370, 8:488, 8:489, 8:549–8:550, 9:8, 9:83, 9:195, 9:560, 9:562n, 11:281, 11:355–11:356
on education in Europe, 9:83–9:87, 9:195, 9:403–9:404, 9:560–9:561, 9:697–9:698, 11:633–11:634, 12:204, 13:238–13:239, 15:302–15:304
and education in Va., 12:9, 12:101, 12:204–12:205
enlists D. B. Warden’s assistance in procuring books for TJ, 9:431, 9:492–9:493, 9:559–9:560, 9:561–9:562n, 10:64–10:65
family of, 14:32, 14:345, 20:378
forwarding address of in London, 8:549–8:550, 8:684
friendship with A. Bigelow, 14:58
friendship with F. W. Gilmer, 8:193, 9:87–9:88, 12:545
on Great Britain, 15:388
as Harvard professor, 14:32, 15:387, 15:389, 17:565, 18:5, 18:5n, 18:7n, 19:676–19:678, 20:15, 20:42, 20:43, 20:146, 20:376–20:378
health of, 10:383, 10:485, 15:387
identified, 8:242n
introduced to TJ, 8:148, 8:149n, 8:156, 8:193, 8:232, 8:243, 8:260, 8:267
introduces J. Blomfield, 14:346, 14:347n
introduces J. Coolidge, 20:627
H. Jackson conveys letters to, 8:582–8:583, 9:362, 9:417, 9:429, 9:454
letters from, 8:324–8:325, 8:370–8:371, 8:549–8:550, 9:82–9:88, 9:195–9:197, 9:559–9:562, 9:696–9:699, 10:212–10:213, 10:598, 11:632–11:634, 13:236–13:240, 14:31–14:33, 14:344–14:347, 15:387–15:390, 17:467–17:472, 18:26–18:28, 19:676–19:678, 20:376–20:379, 20:627–20:628
letters from accounted for, 9:456n, 14:347n
letters to, 8:361–8:362, 8:578–8:581, 8:673, 9:353–9:355, 9:420, 9:454–9:456, 11:414–11:416, 12:203–12:205, 13:338–13:339, 15:301–15:304, 17:522–17:523, 17:565–17:566, 17:566, 20:42–20:44
letter to accounted for, 8:362n
letter to, from J. Ogilvie, 14:347–14:348
library of, 13:238, 13:238
on literary news, 20:378
marriage of, 18:27–18:28, 18:28n
plans return to U.S., 13:238–13:239
portrait of, 8:xlviii, 8:272 (illus.)
returns TJ’s letter to W. H. Crawford, 8:371
sends greetings to Randolphs, 10:598, 15:389–15:390, 17:471, 18:27, 19:678, 20:378
Syllabus of a Course of Lectures on the history and criticism of Spanish Literature, 19:676–19:677, 19:678n, 20:42
and tariffs on books, 17:468–17:471, 17:495–17:496, 17:502–17:504, 17:522–17:523, 17:655–17:656, 18:5, 18:7n, 18:27, 18:78
and D. C. Terrell, 10:598, 12:545, 12:561, 12:614
TJ introduces students to, 17:565, 17:566, 19:301, 19:677–19:678
TJ invites to visit Monticello, 20:42–20:43, 20:378
TJ on, 8:247, 8:260, 8:266–8:267, 8:292, 8:294, 8:308, 8:523, 8:583–8:584, 9:431, 9:460, 10:485, 11:408, 12:202, 12:462
and TJ’s health, 14:31
TJ’s letters of introduction for, 8:240, 8:241, 8:260, 8:266–8:267, 8:292, 8:294, 8:308, 8:325, 8:360, 8:370, 8:370, 8:651, 11:634, 12:202, 12:203, 12:203, 12:462, 12:466–12:467, 12:512, 12:513, 13:236–13:237, 13:239, 13:337, 13:337–13:338, 13:338, 13:339, 14:82
travels of, 8:149n, 8:193–8:194, 8:260, 8:292, 8:294, 8:324–8:325, 8:360, 8:361, 8:362, 8:370–8:371, 8:488n, 8:489, 8:549–8:550, 8:579, 8:582–8:583, 8:583–8:584, 8:589, 8:650–8:651, 8:684–8:685, 9:83, 9:83, 9:186, 9:195, 9:196, 9:359, 9:362, 9:403–9:404, 9:460, 9:559–9:560, 10:64, 10:213, 10:320, 10:484, 10:485, 10:577, 10:598, 11:142, 11:419, 11:618–11:619, 11:632–11:633, 12:202, 12:462, 12:466, 12:467, 12:512–12:513, 12:545, 13:237–13:239, 13:337, 13:337–13:338, 14:344, 14:346, 14:347, 15:301, 15:469
as Unitarian, 18:159, 18:159
and University of Virginia, 13:239, 13:338–13:339, 14:31–14:32, 14:344–14:346, 14:517, 14:519, 14:525, 15:301–15:302, 15:302, 15:387–15:389, 15:389, 16:297–16:298, 18:27, 19:476, 19:677, 20:42–20:43, 20:627–20:628
visits Monticello, 4:596, 8:232, 8:238–8:242, 8:247, 8:253, 8:260, 8:267, 8:325, 8:360, 8:553, 8:650–8:651, 10:383, 11:639, 12:513, 13:239, 14:31, 15:301, 19:678, 20:42
ticks, 1:478, 7:649, 11:39, 12:618
Tidball, John C.
and Franklin Literary Society, 20:522–20:523, 20:565
identified, 20:523–20:524n
letter from, 20:522–20:524
letter to, 20:565
Tidball, Joseph
identified, 8:693n
witnesses D. Carr’s deposition in Jefferson v. Michie, 8:693
Tidball, Thomas Allen
witnesses document, 6:115+
Tiedemann, Dietrich
Geist der spekulativen Philosophie, 9:698
Tiffany, Isaac Hall
and definitions of political terms, 14:145, 14:146n, 14:201–14:202
and education, 10:417
identified, 10:304n
and institute for Schoharie Co., N.Y., 10:660–10:661, 10:661, 10:662–10:664
interest of in Aristotle’s works, 10:304, 10:349, 10:417
and judicial tenure, 10:418
and learned societies, 10:661
letters from, 10:304–10:305, 10:417–10:419, 10:660–10:661, 14:144–14:146
letters to, 10:349, 14:201–14:202
and N.Y. militia, 10:661, 10:662, 10:663
and political chart of U.S., 14:144–14:145, 14:146n, 14:201, 14:202
and representative government, 10:417–10:418
Tiffin, Edward
as commissioner of General Land Office, 18:558
as surveyor general of Northwest Territory , 19:152
Tilesius von Tilenau, Wilhelm Gottleib
and mammoths, 2:507, 2:508, 2:508, 2:509, 2:510n
On the Mammoth or Fossil Elephant, Found in the Ice, at the Mouth of the River Lena, in Siberia, 2:510n
Tilghman, Edward
and batture controversy, 2:444n, 2:455, 2:456n, 2:658, 3:235, 3:483
Tilghman, Matthew
and American Revolution, 17:506
Tilghman, William
An Address delivered before the Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture; at its anniversary meeting, January 18, 1820, 15:442, 15:442–15:443n, 15:464
and American Philosophical Society, 9:178–9:179n, 12:455, 12:556, 12:636–12:637
and appointment for R. M. Wistar, 19:196
An Eulogium in commemoration of Doctor Caspar Wistar, 12:455, 12:456, 12:482, 12:556–12:557, 12:608
identified, 12:557n
letter from, 12:556–12:557
letter to, 12:608
letter to, from N. Biddle, 12:636–12:638
mentioned, 16:511
and Pennsylvania Society for the Encouragement of Manufactures, 20:587, 20:588n
recommends T. Cooper, 15:125n
as University of Pennsylvania trustee, 14:5n
Tillett, Francis
identified, 19:631n
letter from accounted for, 19:631n
letter to, 19:631–19:632
mathematical propositions of, 19:631, 19:631–19:632n
Tillotson, John
as Christian author, 6:508, 8:189
Tillotson, John C.
as U.S. army officer, 7:611n
Tilman (mule), 10:517, 12:197
Tilman, Sam C. , 5:141n
Tilsit, Treaty of (1807)
T. A. Digges criticizes, 1:516, 1:517n+
in F. A. Van der Kemp’s proposed book, 4:506, 4:507
Tiltis. See Tullos, Richard
Tilton, James
appointment of, 6:28n, 6:169
and bath of S. K. Jennings, 9:23, 9:23, 9:25–9:26n
Timaeus (character in dialogue by Plato), 6:439, 6:440–6:441n, 7:75, 8:553, 8:553n, 9:528, 9:528, 16:164, 19:525
Timaeus (lexicographer)
lexicon of words from Plato by, 9:276, 9:277n, 15:26
Timaeus of Locri
Timée de Locres en Grec et en François (trans. J. B. Boyer), 10:14, 12:112, 16:190n, 16:196
Timberlake, Mr.
Campbell Co. landholder, 4:680, 5:34, 5:40, 5:48, 5:49
Timberlake, Henry
recommends W. T. Minor, 8:199n
Timberlake, J. H.
and University of Virginia, 16:305
Timberlake, John
and fish for TJ, 20:407
identified, 20:407n
letter from, 20:407
purchases Shadwell mills, 6:xliii
Rivanna River Company commissioner, 3:254n
and University of Virginia, 17:623
visits Monticello, 20:407
Timberlake, Walker
and University of Virginia, 16:307, 16:312
Timée de Locres en Grec et en François (Timaeus of Locri; trans. J. B. Boyer), 8:553, 8:553n, 10:14, 12:112, 16:190n, 16:196
Timor (South Malay Archipelago), 5:202–5:203
Timpanari Vigano, Guiseppe, 3:377
Tims, Charles
as assistant U.S. Senate doorkeeper, 11:182, 11:182n
tin
boxes, 14:242, 14:489, 18:210, 18:526
for cisterns, 16:96
cups, 15:144
gutters, 17:577, 17:654, 18:549, 19:238
lining, 17:196, 17:197
manufacture of, 2:376, 4:612
price of, 17:403, 18:174, 18:549, 18:570
roofs, 13:380–13:381, 14:li, 14:71, 14:440–14:441, 16:431, 17:297, 17:386, 18:174, 18:523, 18:526, 18:549, 18:569, 18:570–18:571, 18:575, 18:576–18:577, 20:12, 20:12–20:13, 20:78
smiths, 14:192, 14:568, 16:356–16:357
tinning of copper utensils, 3:183, 3:200
TJ buys, 4:522, 5:133, 6:343, 6:347, 6:348, 16:270, 16:274, 16:274, 16:326, 17:200, 17:202, 18:474, 18:484, 18:491, 18:609, 18:621, 20:22, 20:36, 20:44, 20:55, 20:82, 20:106, 20:496, 20:503, 20:507, 20:516, 20:531
for University of Virginia, 14:71, 15:96, 15:100, 16:18–16:19, 16:319, 16:319, 16:319, 16:321n, 16:356–16:357, 16:431, 17:63, 17:202, 17:650, 17:650, 17:654, 18:211, 18:474, 18:520, 18:529, 19:62, 19:185, 19:239, 19:310, 20:213, 20:555
used for stoves, 20:83
windmill sails made of, 14:624
Tindal, Nicholas
The Continuation of Mr. Rapin’s History of England, 8:581, 9:109
translates The History of England (P. de Rapin Thoyras), 17:419, 17:538, 17:563, 18:399
Tingey, Thomas
and lost trunk, 1:268, 1:294
and U.S. Navy Yard, 4:66
tinning
of copper utensils, 3:183, 3:200
Tinsley, Mr. (of Amherst Co.), 1:670–1:671
Tinsley, Ann, 12:152
Tinsley, J.
and University of Virginia, 17:622
Tinsley Tavern (Goochland Co.), 8:399, 12:152, 12:573, 19:518n
Tisdale, Robert
identified, 17:473n
introduced to TJ, 17:472–17:473
letter from accounted for, 17:473n
Tissot, John, 5:623n
Titian (Tiziano Vecelli)
painting of copied, 4:181
Titi Livii Historiarum quod exstat (Livy; ed. J. F. Gronovius), 5:523, 5:524n, 5:549
Titi Livii Historiarum quod exstat (Livy; eds. J. Leclerc and J. Freinsheim), 5:501, 5:594, 5:594–5:595n, 5:625, 6:157, 7:286, 10:233, 11:414, 12:576, 14:510, 17:106
Titi Livii Patavini Historiarum Libri qui extant (Livy; eds. J. Doujat and J. Freinsheim), 1:580, 5:549, 5:549n, 12:576
Titus (Roman emperor)
TJ references, 15:272
T. Livii Patavini Historiarum libri qui supersunt (Livy; ed. G. A. Ruperti), 11:414
toads, 8:5
tobacco
abuse of, 18:443, 18:499
British take from Alexandria, 7:623, 7:624, 7:642, 7:644n
as cash crop, 3:348, 4:91, 4:622, 7:431, 7:452, 7:493–7:494, 7:496n, 8:109, 8:175, 8:544, 8:611, 10:189, 10:449, 11:285, 12:255, 13:25, 14:218, 14:315, 15:22, 15:192, 19:416, 20:524
chemical experiments with, 1:142
cigars (Havana), 1:466
and depletion of land, 1:561, 15:47
destroyed by fire, 18:381
and drought, 2:491, 10:355, 15:62
effect of weather on, 1:285, 9:51, 10:65, 10:379, 10:449, 15:118, 15:130, 15:130, 15:282, 19:485, 19:645n, 20:168, 20:253
J. W. Eppes on, 3:474
export of, 3:255, 8:79, 8:100, 8:531, 17:340
export tax on, 8:608
French duties on, 4:54–4:55, 17:142
grown by Indians, 16:180
grown at Mill Brook (J. W. Eppes’s Buckingham Co. estate), 18:22
grown at Monticello, 3:421, 3:518, 3:531, 3:620, 3:630, 9:604, 11:236, 11:593, 14:281, 19:494, 19:496, 19:591, 19:594, 19:636, 19:658–19:659, 19:659n, 20:103, 20:168, 20:171, 20:189
grown in N.Y., 14:277
grown at Poplar Forest, 1:157n, 2:27–2:28, 2:96, 2:217, 2:230, 3:375, 3:392, 3:420–3:421, 4:307, 4:373–4:374, 4:379, 4:381, 4:422, 4:461, 4:515, 4:516, 4:528, 4:555, 5:132, 5:489, 5:599, 5:638, 6:203, 6:486, 6:544, 7:71, 7:124, 7:179, 7:263, 8:70, 8:70, 8:97, 8:132, 8:157, 8:158, 8:186, 8:203, 8:284, 8:284, 8:417, 8:542, 8:611, 8:697, 9:51, 9:133, 9:254, 9:313, 9:370, 9:493, 9:505, 9:505, 9:562, 9:568, 9:593–9:594, 9:594, 9:604, 10:355, 10:539, 11:179, 11:207, 11:290, 11:380, 11:593, 12:29, 12:349, 12:476, 12:483, 12:541, 12:645, 12:657, 13:141, 13:386, 13:545, 13:567, 13:567, 13:567, 14:7, 14:113–14:114, 14:218, 14:220, 14:220, 14:244, 14:275, 14:281, 14:317, 14:326, 14:353, 14:430, 14:473, 14:477, 14:494, 14:496, 14:498, 15:260–15:261, 15:261, 15:334, 15:390, 15:391, 15:427, 15:474, 15:498, 15:498, 15:537, 15:552, 15:590, 15:608, 15:608–15:609, 15:609–15:610, 15:613, 15:618, 16:253, 16:520, 17:39, 17:181, 17:191, 17:197, 17:202, 17:207, 17:207, 17:218, 17:221, 18:69–18:70, 18:402, 18:403, 18:405, 18:406, 18:407n, 18:435, 18:491, 18:586, 18:601, 18:601n, 18:602, 18:624, 19:85, 19:494, 19:496, 19:550, 19:591, 19:594, 19:636, 19:685, 19:695, 19:695n, 19:713, 20:47
grown at Shadwell and Lego, 2:86, 2:200, 2:239, 2:240
grown at Tufton, 4:12
grown in Va., 7:203, 8:170, 10:610, 11:62, 12:7, 14:277, 16:253, 18:443, 18:460
inspection of, 7:179, 8:492, 9:552, 9:568–9:569, 9:569, 14:277, 15:596, 15:597n, 16:263
leaf capitals, 10:510–10:511, 10:511 (illus.) , 10:511, 11:xlv–11:xlvi, 11:232 (illus.) , 11:481, 11:481n, 11:481n, 11:535, 11:572, 12:143
in Liverpool market, 15:334
in Lynchburg market, 3:103, 3:373, 5:531, 5:571, 7:124, 9:588, 12:50–12:51, 12:78, 12:349, 14:477, 15:498, 17:207, 17:218
payments for, 3:341, 3:639–3:640
physical effect on user, 1:152, 19:378
planting techniques, 8:104, 13:438, 17:197–17:198
poor quality of TJ’s, 4:547–4:548, 7:307, 9:568, 9:568–9:569, 9:593–9:594, 9:604, 17:221
price of, 7:124, 7:240, 8:272, 8:453, 8:492, 8:544, 10:65, 12:538, 14:218, 14:245, 14:277, 14:379, 14:484, 17:26, 17:195, 17:221, 18:582n
price of in Europe, 8:694
price of in Great Britain, 1:82, 8:100, 8:694, 9:17, 9:182, 9:183n, 10:513, 11:635
price of in Lynchburg, 4:95, 4:105, 4:461, 5:599, 9:562, 15:552, 15:609–15:610
price of in Richmond, 1:157, 1:180, 1:302, 1:655–1:656, 2:27–2:28, 3:318, 3:373, 3:525, 3:612, 3:620, 3:630, 4:52+, 4:95, 4:461, 4:467, 4:478, 4:522, 4:548, 5:503, 5:531, 7:179, 7:215, 8:128, 8:132, 8:323, 8:390, 8:477, 8:694, 9:124, 9:133, 9:254, 9:273, 9:562, 10:37, 11:142, 11:240, 11:261, 12:476, 12:654, 14:326, 15:609–15:610, 15:613, 16:5, 16:20, 16:263, 16:327, 16:416, 16:436, 16:597, 17:111, 17:190, 17:202, 18:298, 18:435, 18:436n, 18:602n, 19:712–19:713, 20:309, 20:327, 20:516
prizing of, 3:457, 4:510, 8:70, 8:97, 17:39
quality of Monticello crop, 3:620, 3:630
replaced by corn production, 5:82
in Richmond market, 3:154, 3:258, 9:545, 9:568–9:569, 9:569, 15:498, 15:552, 17:224, 19:673, 20:20
sale of, 4:52+, 4:105, 4:510, 4:557, 4:593, 4:594, 6:356, 7:179, 7:307, 8:128, 8:157, 8:180, 8:180n, 8:284, 8:302, 8:437+, 8:477, 8:491, 8:491n, 8:492, 9:523, 9:545, 9:553–9:554, 9:568, 9:568, 9:568–9:569, 9:569, 9:579n, 10:36, 11:290, 11:362, 11:593, 12:383, 12:483, 12:538, 12:645, 13:91, 13:91, 14:275, 14:296, 14:318, 14:326, 14:473, 14:473, 14:474, 14:477, 14:487, 15:260–15:261, 16:4–16:5, 16:20, 16:47, 16:122, 16:263, 17:181, 17:223, 17:224, 18:435, 18:436, 18:446, 18:581, 18:582, 18:586, 18:597, 18:601, 18:602, 18:609, 18:623, 19:622, 19:658–19:659, 19:673, 19:685, 19:695, 19:712–19:713, 20:55
as scab remedy, 3:453, 5:181, 5:182n
seed of, for A. von Humboldt, 4:358+, 7:31
shipment of, 11:104, 12:596, 12:597, 12:598, 14:355–14:356, 14:358, 14:362, 14:396–14:397, 16:55, 16:130, 17:191, 17:195, 17:202, 17:211, 18:585
shipped to Holland, 2:262
shipping costs, 9:588
smoking of, 14:420, 19:646
snuff, 1:147–1:152, 14:611, 19:622, 19:623
sold to S. J. Harrison, 3:421n, 3:518, 3:531, 3:561, 3:634, 3:639–3:640, 5:33, 5:35n, 5:545, 5:599, 5:600, 5:673, 6:4, 6:5, 6:24–6:25, 6:25n, 6:25–6:26, 6:31, 6:48
and speculation, 16:101
stalks of converted into barilla, 2:283
tax on, 9:217, 9:218n, 16:242n, 20:173n
and TJ’s debts, 2:151, 4:94, 4:95, 4:463, 4:555, 9:406, 15:426, 18:166, 18:319–18:320, 19:671
TJ’s income from, 1:422, 4:10–4:11, 4:493–4:494, 4:549, 5:401, 7:166, 9:579n, 10:37, 14:317, 18:526–18:527, 19:494, 19:496, 19:496
transported to Richmond, 4:548, 8:132, 8:186, 8:492, 9:99, 9:449, 9:505, 9:505, 9:541, 9:562, 10:617, 12:29, 14:275, 14:353, 15:498, 19:594, 19:636, 19:685, 20:20, 20:47
N. L. Vauquelin’s Analysis of Green, 1:142–1:146, 1:482
N. L. Vauquelin’s Analysis of Prepared, 1:147–1:152, 1:482
warehouses for in Richmond, 10:37, 10:37, 10:37n
Tobacco Row (Blue Ridge Mountains), 3:355
Tobias, Morris
as watchmaker, 11:507
Tobias, Solomon
and aid for M. M. Russell, 20:50–20:51
identified, 20:51–20:52n
Todd, Charles Stewart
as U.S. agent to Republic of Colombia, 16:528, 16:530
Todd, John Payne (James Madison’s stepson)
brings guest to Montpellier, 17:584, 17:586n
carries documents, 7:488, 7:598, 8:37, 9:441, 9:443n
W. J. Coffee’s terra-cotta bust of, 12:li
correspondence with D. Madison, 19:519n
identified, 4:188–4:189n
introduces Montlezun, 10:396
introduces G. Valaperta, 10:389
letters from, 10:357, 10:389–10:390, 10:396–10:397, 15:454
letters to, 4:188–4:189, 10:320–10:321, 15:464
and medals, 15:454, 15:454n, 15:464, 15:464n
mentioned, 10:160, 15:407
sends prints to TJ, 15:454
and W. Thornton, 11:267n
TJ invites to Monticello, 15:464
TJ receives thermometer from, 10:xlvii, 10:320
TJ sends pistols to, 10:320–10:321, 10:357
and TJ’s observations of solar eclipse, 4:188
visits Monticello, 15:404, 15:404, 18:28n
and walking stick for TJ, 11:167
Todd, Lucy Payne Washington (Thomas Todd’s wife)
sends greetings to TJ, 9:579
Todd, Samuel P.
and J. & S. Gleason’s steam kitchens and stoves, 20:85
Todd, Thomas
and dogs for H. Innes, 6:370, 6:511
family of, 19:670n
identified, 15:502–15:503n
introduced to TJ, 15:502
as Supreme Court justice, 19:216, 19:670, 19:700
Tokay (wine), 9:513, 12:29, 19:455, 19:479, 19:528
Toledano, Manuel, 3:235, 3:237n, 3:484
Toledo, Francisco de
Commentaria unà cum Quæstionibus in octo libros Aristotelis De Physica Auscultatione, 12:443, 19:526
Toledo y Dubois, José Álvarez de
filibustering expedition of, 6:189, 6:190n, 9:389
Tollius, Jacob
edits D. Magni Ausonii burdigalensis Opera (D. M. Ausonius), 18:279, 18:280n
Toltec Indians, 6:328
Tom (J. Daingerfield’s slave), 15:94
Tom (M. Daingerfield’s slave), 2:41, 2:41n
Tom (N. H. Hooe’s slave), 3:112, 4:183, 4:217, 4:397, 4:556, 6:314
Tom, Mr.
and package for TJ, 8:685
Tomahawk plantation (part of TJ’s Poplar Forest estate)
acreage of, 4:387
corn grown at, 13:567, 15:428, 15:609, 15:609n, 18:69
fields at, 6:488, 6:488n, 6:488n, 6:488–6:489n, 8:69–8:70, 8:70, 13:567, 14:430, 14:430, 15:428
hogs at, 15:229
instructions for management of, 4:379, 4:381–4:382, 5:488–5:490, 6:486–6:487, 8:69–8:72
map of, 4:xlv, 4:370 (illus.)
oats grown at, 15:609, 15:609n
overseer at, 8:493n, 9:34, 9:34n, 11:285, 12:197, 12:262, 14:317, 14:326, 14:477, 14:494, 14:549n, 14:571, 15:158, 15:229, 17:588n, 18:406
proposed exchange of portion of, 6:71–6:73, 6:129, 6:130
slaves at, 4:384–4:386, 5:463n, 15:130
surveys of, 6:488, 6:488–6:489n
tobacco grown at, 17:197–17:198, 18:582, 18:601, 18:602
tomahawks, 16:155, 16:179, 16:181
tomatoes
seeds, 5:658, 7:332, 20:573, 20:605
served at Monticello, 13:28
in soup, 4:180
Tomline, Sir George Pretyman
Memoirs of the Life of the right honorable William Pitt, 19:508
Tomlins, Mr.
as possible overseer at Tufton, 4:101
Tomlins, Thomas E.
editor of Brown’s Reports, 3:151, 3:151n, 3:316, 3:546, 3:546, 3:546
Tomlinson, Benjamin
chairs meeting of Allegany Co. citizens, 1:94n
identified, 1:94n
letters to, 1:94
Tomlinson & Knight (firm)
and University of Virginia, 17:637
Tompkins, Alexander
clerk for W. & R. Mitchell, 5:50, 5:341n
identified, 5:50n
Tompkins, Charles
and University of Virginia, 19:55, 19:56
Tompkins, Christopher
attends dinner honoring TJ, 1:608+
and brick masons for Central College, 12:317, 12:318n
as justice of peace, 15:38n
recommends W. B. Phillips, 14:164n
Tompkins, Daniel D.
circular sent to, 11:595
and D. Fraser’s subscription, 5:492
as governor of N.Y., 2:367n, 5:160, 5:320, 6:122n, 8:665, 9:236, 10:100n, 10:443, 15:235
identified, 7:370n
letters to, 7:370
and party politics, 10:111–10:112, 10:112n, 10:185, 10:186, 11:490–11:491
C. W. Peale paints, 13:540
portrait of, 7:295
presidential prospects of, 8:332, 17:214, 17:216, 18:306, 18:369
recommends B. O. Tyler, 12:536, 12:537n
as Republican vice-presidential candidate, 9:563, 10:379–10:380, 10:443
TJ introduces W. C. Rives to, 7:370
TJ on, 10:609
TJ sends batture pamphlet to, 4:624
as vice president, 15:235
Tompkins, Richard, 1:519, 1:585
Tompkins, William (d. by 1809), 1:200
Tompkins, William (1765–1834)
Deposition of in Jefferson v. Rivanna Company, 14:417–14:418
identified, 14:417–14:418n
as surveyor, 6:135, 6:136n, 14:417, 14:418–14:419
Tompkins & Murray (Richmond firm), 2:300, 3:577
Tompkinson, Henry. See Kercheval, Samuel
Tompson, David , 5:584
Tompson, John. See Thompson (Tompson), John (clerk in Orleans Territory)
Tone, Theobald Wolfe, 14:415
Tone, William Theobald Wolfe
Essay on the Necessity of Improving Our National Forces, 14:415–14:416, 14:491, 14:531, 14:584
identified, 14:416n
W. Sampson recommends, 14:415–14:416
tongs
used in chemical laboratories, 20:611
Tonquin (ship), 4:550, 4:554n
Tonson, Jacob , 5:501, 5:501n
Tonti, Henri de
travels of, 20:164
Tontine (ship), 10:215
tontines, 8:545
Tooke, Andrew
edits and translates The Pantheon, Representing the Fabulous Histories of the Heathen Gods (F. A. Pomey), 14:444
Tooke, John Horne
and Anglo-Saxon language, 13:197, 13:217
Diversions of Purley, 7:629
Ἔπεα Πτερόεντα. or, the Diversions of Purley, 13:223n
education of, 7:660
imprisonment of, 3:5, 3:7n, 13:410, 17:419
and “Junius” letters, 10:371
Tooke, William
The Life of Catharine II, Empress of all the Russias, 1:580
Toole, George
and University of Virginia, 16:303, 16:309, 17:626, 19:56
Toole, John
portrait of L. M. L. Marks, 11:xlvii, 11:232 (illus.)
Tooler (Toler), Mr., 14:635
tools
adzes, 14:541
and African colonization, 11:11, 20:475
augers, 4:315, 6:346, 6:347, 6:347, 14:541, 17:4, 19:8, 19:8, 19:12
awls, 19:11
axes, 7:83, 8:23, 8:313, 12:304, 12:304, 13:83, 13:408, 13:409, 15:86, 15:86
and Belmont estate, 3:171
band saw, 9:593n
blades, 12:304
burins, 20:40
carpentry, 14:241
chains, 15:87
chisels, 14:541
compass, carpenters’, 17:4, 17:11n
compass, surveying, 2:152, 9:222, 9:508, 9:509, 9:643, 10:289, 10:324–10:325, 12:337, 19:6n, 19:198, 19:198
corkscrews, 12:li
coulters, 12:304, 12:304
crosscut saw, 5:133, 16:14, 19:12, 19:15, 19:16n
diamonds, 20:611
drills, 12:li
files, 5:133, 6:343, 6:346, 6:346, 6:347, 6:347, 6:347, 6:347, 6:348, 6:348, 6:348, 9:223, 12:li, 15:452, 16:14, 17:5, 17:8, 18:50, 18:51, 19:12, 19:15, 19:16n, 20:611
flint, 16:177, 16:178, 16:179, 16:179
froes, 12:304
gimlets, 18:49, 19:8, 19:16n
glue brushes, 12:454
grindstones, 18:366, 18:464
hammers, 15:86, 20:611
handbarrows, 2:546, 2:547
handsaws, 6:348, 12:li, 14:541, 16:14, 18:48, 18:50, 19:15, 19:16n
harrows, 2:259, 12:304, 12:304
hedge shears, 8:652–8:653
hoes, 2:546, 2:548, 11:163, 12:304, 12:304, 12:304, 14:180, 14:181, 15:86, 15:86, 20:85
Indian, 14:236
iron, 16:177, 16:178, 16:179, 16:179, 16:179, 16:180
knives, 20:611
levels, 11:176, 12:61, 12:63, 12:63, 12:69, 19:207, 19:226
mallets, 14:181
mattocks, 8:313, 12:304, 12:304
for measuring, 12:304
mentioned, 16:337n, 18:271n, 18:630
of millwrights, 18:330
at Monticello, 1:397n
at New London arsenal, 5:81n
nippers, 20:611
owned by TJ, 1:135–1:136
paint brushes, 17:10
pickaxes, 2:546, 2:546, 2:547, 2:548
planes (woodworking), 11:176, 12:454, 14:541, 17:7, 17:11n
pliers, 20:611
plumbs, 12:61, 12:63, 12:63, 12:69
at Poplar Forest, 3:119–3:120, 14:595
punches, 18:569
radial saws, 9:592–9:593, 9:593n
rafter levels, 6:70, 9:539, 9:540n, 11:162, 11:163–11:164n
rasps, 19:12, 20:611
reaping hooks, 12:304
sandpaper, 12:454, 17:7, 19:10
scissors, 20:611
scythes, 7:83, 12:304
shoemaker’s knife, 19:10, 19:11, 19:16n
shovels, 2:546, 2:546, 2:547, 2:548, 15:86, 20:85
spades, 2:546, 2:546, 2:547, 2:548, 6:346, 15:86, 15:86, 16:29, 18:49, 20:85
squares, 11:176, 12:61, 12:63, 12:63, 12:69
steel, 16:179, 18:51
straw knives, 17:386
surveying, 4:341, 4:369, 4:370n, 10:289, 10:324–10:325
tongs, 20:611
vices, 13:92, 19:603n
wedges, 12:304, 12:304, 14:167, 15:86
wheat fans, 12:304, 14:537, 14:539–14:540
wheelbarrows, 2:546, 2:547
whipsaws, 19:12
windlasses, 15:87
wooden press, 3:636
woodworking, 1:135–1:136, 6:344, 9:223
toothbrushes, 11:626n, 16:12
tooth powder, 11:626n
Τὸ Περὶ Ἀέρων, Ὑδάτων, Τόπων (Hippocrates; ed. A. Coray), 11:251, 11:251n
Topi, Carlo Antonio
notary in Florence, 9:291n, 9:292, 9:294, 9:294, 9:296n
A Topographical Description of the Western Territory of North America (G. Imlay), 8:200
topography
works on, bound for TJ, 1:36
Tories. See Federalist party
torpedo (mine), 2:352+, 6:56, 6:243, 6:260, 6:261, 6:261–6:262, 6:313, 7:48–7:49, 7:276, 7:512, 7:620–7:621, 9:623
torpedo (fish), 15:128
Torpedo War, and Submarine Explosions (R. Fulton), 2:250, 2:301, 2:317, 2:318n, 3:114, 3:115n
Torrance, William H.
consults TJ on legal question, 8:524–8:525
identified, 8:527n
letter from accounted for, 8:527n
letter to, 8:524–8:528
Torres, Manuel
letter to accounted for, 10:679
praises book, 15:372
Torrey, Jesse
education of, 18:167
friendship with I. Briggs, 18:175
and free libraries, 18:167–18:168
identified, 8:669n
The Intellectual Flambeau (written under pseudonym of “Discipulus Libertatis atque Humanitatis”), 9:641, 9:642n
letters from, 8:668–8:669, 9:641–9:642, 18:74–18:76, 18:167–18:168, 18:175–18:177
letter to, 18:126
The Moral Instructor, and Guide to Virtue and Happiness, 18:74–18:75, 18:126, 18:167, 18:176, 18:176
physiological studies by, 8:668–8:669, 8:669n, 9:641
visits Monticello, 8:668–8:669, 8:669n, 9:641, 18:167, 18:168n
and J. Wood’s plow, 18:75–18:76
Torrey, John, 6:623, 6:623
Torrey, John (1796–1873)
as botanist, 16:568
and C. S. Rafinesque, 17:89
Torricelli, Evangelista
and barometers, 9:189
Tortolini, Giovanni Battista
attests document, 9:673n
To the Critical Reviewers of Boston (W. Lambert), 3:285
To the Freeholders of Albemarle (C. Cocke), 18:391, 18:392n
To the Honourable the Legislature of Virginia. The Memorial of Oliver Pollock, of the State of Maryland (O. Pollock), 4:267, 4:267n
To the Public (I. A. Coles) , 7:609, 7:609–7:610n
Tott, François, baron de, 14:153
Tott, Sophie Ernestine, madame de, 14:153
Toulmin, Harry
identified, 16:464n
as judge, 10:502, 16:462–16:464, 16:464–16:465n
letter to, from E. Lewis, 16:462–16:465
Toulmin, Joshua
death of, 9:596
and F. A. Van der Kemp, 10:122, 10:502
Toulongeon, François Emmanuel, vicomte de
Histoire de France, 3:340, 3:340n, 5:436, 6:45–6:46, 6:342–6:343n, 7:90, 7:90, 7:349–7:350, 8:291, 8:309, 8:359, 8:359n, 8:656, 10:235, 10:237n, 13:616, 19:506
TJ on, 8:292
Toulson, Francis, 20:594
A Tour in Holland, in MDCCLXXXIV (E. Watson), 11:277, 11:279n
Tour-Maubourg, Anastasie, comtesse de (Lafayette’s daughter) , 5:212
Tour-Maubourg, Jenny de Fay de la (Lafayette’s granddaughter) , 5:212, 5:215n
Tournefort, Joseph Pitton de
Elemens de Botanique, 14:168
and Société Linnéenne de Paris, 18:62
Tourneysen (Tourneron; Tourneyzon), Jean Jacques
wine merchant in Lédenon, 10:170, 11:653, 14:327, 14:626, 16:117, 16:425
Tournillon, Etienne St. Julien de
and education of Trist stepchildren, 10:449
marriage of, 7:59–7:60
slaves of, 19:333n
Tournillon, Mary Louisa Brown Trist Jones (wife successively of Hore Browse Trist [1775–1804], Philip Livingston Jones, and Etienne St. Julien de Tournillon)
assets of seized, 2:265, 2:266n, 2:284, 2:285n, 3:474, 3:475n, 3:558n, 5:112–5:113
and children’s education, 4:573, 4:574n, 10:449
death of, 18:463
family of, 5:112–5:113, 6:266, 10:450
marries E. S. J. de Tournillon, 7:59–7:60, 7:62n
m | |||||
5215 | dbpedia | 2 | 1 | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3171797 | en | Jean Doujat | [
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] | null | [] | null | French lawyer | en | /static/apple-touch/wikidata.png | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3171797 | French lawyer
edit | |||||
5215 | dbpedia | 3 | 8 | https://www.academia.edu/43363008/George_GRIGORI%25C8%259A%25C4%2582_ed_Ius_ecclesiasticum_in_the_life_of_the_Church_2019_ | en | George GRIGORIȚĂ (ed.) - Ius ecclesiasticum in the life of the Church (2019) | http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-book.gif | http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-book.gif | [
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"George Grigoriţă",
"unibuc.academia.edu"
] | 2020-06-16T00:00:00 | Proceedings of the International Sympozion on Ecclesiastical Law „Ius ecclesiasticum in the life of the Church: 130 years of Canonical Theology in the Faculty of Orthodox Theology in Bucharest (September 20-21, 2018) organised at the Palace of the | https://www.academia.edu/43363008/George_GRIGORI%C8%9A%C4%82_ed_Ius_ecclesiasticum_in_the_life_of_the_Church_2019_ | In the ecclesiastical language, the term canon (κανών) was introduced to indicate the practical rule of the teaching of faith and to differentiate it from the concept of law (lex – νομος). This term therefore identifies any rule of the Church that puts into practice the doctrine of faith, defined by dogmas. The expression "holy canons" defines the collection of canons approved and received by the Church. Over time, some authors have made various proposals on the role of holy canons in the Church, oscillating them to be canceled as unsubstantiated until they say that their text would have been revealed. According to the doctrine and practice of the Church, the holy canons apply pastorally to ecclesial life, customized for each individual situation. Therefore, in the Church, it is necessary for all activities to take into account the fundamental principles contained in the holy canons, so that the life of the Church conforms to the teaching of christian-orthodox faith.
The paper is dedicated to the issue of conceptualization of understanding (and confessing) of Church as a Catholic one and the role of universalism. This theme is provoked by a remark of Metropolitan of Pergamo John (Zizioulas) in his Being as Communion. Three moments could be identified in the historical process. The first is the implementation of the adjective καθολικὴ to the ἐκκλησία. The second one is the symbiosis and the overlapping of two kinds of universalism – the Imperial (progressive) and the Church one (eschatological) and the beginning of conceptualization. The third moment is the translation of καθολικὴ as sȃborna in the language of Slavs and the multiplication of the Byzantine political philosophy in the new “forms”. At the end is evaluated the last transformation of imperial Catholicity in local autocephalous churches and the consequences of this process on today’s confession and practice of Catholicity.
Abstract The study presents the Interpretation of Canon 3 of the 1st Ecumenical Synod in Nicaea (325). The Fathers of the 1st Synod in Nicaea, by strengthening the moral life of the clergy, condemned the concubinage with hidden women, but they did not support celibacy over marriage. The cohabitation with legal wife is not mentioned, but this lack of mentioning does not automatically mean that the separation from wives or the celibacy were introduced in the Church legislation and practice. Wife is considered to be a full member of the category of legitimate women; but here, the canonical disposition refers to non-married or widow members of the clergy, who may cohabitate only with mother, sister, aunt or other women connected through physical kinship and who are beyond any doubt. The intention of the participants to the Synod was not to introduce celibacy as mandatory for clergy, but the text of the canon is very clear, as it aims to strengthen the discipline of the clergy, the moral life, through confirming the custom and condemning the abuses. In fact, we don’t even find references to such a rule that supports celibacy. Keywords Clergy, Concubinage, Celibacy, Monastic state
Born, educated and living in the multilinguistic and multiconfessional space of the Austrian Monarchy, Andrei Şaguna has been able to fructify both the cultural and the patristic heritage of Orthodoxy, and the modern and liberal spirit of the second half of the 19 th century, cultivating good relationship with Bishop Georg Daniel Teutsch and friendships with Alois Sentz and Jakob Rannicher. His correspondence and the historiographic evidence reveal these contacts as having been marked by respect, due to the function his acquaintances had in the academic staff, the imperial and local administrative and educational mechanism, but especially by reverence and appreciation. The life, activity, and works of Metropolitan Andrei Şaguna, make him a European figure, because of his formation, his pastoral mission, his strong dedication to education and to bringing the culture closer to the Transylvanian Romanians, and his part in the inter-confessional dialogue before the initiation of the Ecumenical Movement and the official contacts between the Orthodox and the Lutheran churches. | |||||
5215 | dbpedia | 2 | 70 | https://academic.oup.com/book/3066/chapter/143902897 | en | [] | [] | [] | [
""
] | null | [] | null | null | ||||||||||
5215 | dbpedia | 1 | 73 | https://www.biblio.com/book/old-testament-tissot-j-james/d/682308293 | en | The Old Testament by Tissot, J. James - 1904 | [
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"RELIGION | CHRISTIANITY | P;D TESTAMENT"
] | null | [
"JESAJA - Goldschmidt, Lazarus, Hrsg. - PRESSENDRUCK",
"HEBREW MANUSCRIPT- FACSIMILE- HEBREW BIBLE",
"Tissot, J. James (Illustrator)",
"von Arnim, Elizabeth",
"Gorman, Ed and Greenberg, Martin H",
"Various",
"Gutenberg, Johann (Johannes; introduction Janet Ing Freeman)",
"HITCHCOCK, Roswell D",
"Cobbin, Ingram",
"J. James"
] | 1841-08-15T00:00:00 | We have 1 copies of The Old Testament for sale starting from US$950.00. | en | Biblio.com | https://www.biblio.com/booksearch/author/tissot-j-james/title/the-old-testament | Show Details
Description:
Oxford: Oxford: Printed at The University Press by John Collingwood & Co 1841 4to unpaginated, 1841 VG+ to Near Fine copy of the large 4to edition, bound in original full burgundy leather, with intricate gilt tooling to front & rear covers & spine, raised bands, all edges gilt. There is slight rubbing to the covers, and the edges are somewhat scuffed, otherwise the binding is in excellent condition. The bookplate of Edgar & Helen Corrie, dated 27th Nov. 1843, is affixed to the front pastedown, and is very attractive in its own right, having hand-stamped gilt lettering & intricate gilt border on a purple background. Internally, apart from some very mild foxing to the prelims, the book is Very Fine throughout, printed in large letter double-column, and appears to be completely unread, with the look and lustre of a brand new book. Obviously, this book has been lovingly cared for by its previous owners throughout the past 150 years, and it is now looking for a new loving home.
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Description:
This book is in good condition. The cover has some light wear and the corners are definitely worn. The previous owner's name is written on the inside of the front cover and his seal is affixed to the front cover. The pages are clear of any markings crisp and white. "It is a most invaluable part of the blessed "liberty wherewith Christ hath made us free," that in his worship different forms and usages may without offence be allowed, provided the substance of the Faith be kept entire; and that in every Church, what cannot be clearly determined to belong to Doctrine must be referred to Discipline; and therefore, by common consent and authority, may be altered, abridged, enlarged, amended, or otherwise disposed of, as may seem most convenient for the edification of the people, "according to the various exigency of times and occasions...."" - Preface from The Book of Common Prayer and Administration of the Sacraments and Other Rites and Ceremonies of the Church Together with The Psalter or Psalms of David… Read More
Show Details
Description:
Oxford: Oxford: Printed at The University Press by John Collingwood & Co 1841 4to unpaginated, 1841 VG+ to Near Fine copy of the large 4to edition, bound in original full burgundy leather, with intricate gilt tooling to front & rear covers & spine, raised bands, all edges gilt. There is slight rubbing to the covers, and the edges are somewhat scuffed, otherwise the binding is in excellent condition. The bookplate of Edgar & Helen Corrie, dated 27th Nov. 1843, is affixed to the front pastedown, and is very attractive in its own right, having hand-stamped gilt lettering & intricate gilt border on a purple background. Internally, apart from some very mild foxing to the prelims, the book is Very Fine throughout, printed in large letter double-column, and appears to be completely unread, with the look and lustre of a brand new book. Obviously, this book has been lovingly cared for by its previous owners throughout the past 150 years, and it is now looking for a new loving home.
Show Details
Description:
This book is in good condition. The cover has some light wear and the corners are definitely worn. The previous owner's name is written on the inside of the front cover and his seal is affixed to the front cover. The pages are clear of any markings crisp and white. "It is a most invaluable part of the blessed "liberty wherewith Christ hath made us free," that in his worship different forms and usages may without offence be allowed, provided the substance of the Faith be kept entire; and that in every Church, what cannot be clearly determined to belong to Doctrine must be referred to Discipline; and therefore, by common consent and authority, may be altered, abridged, enlarged, amended, or otherwise disposed of, as may seem most convenient for the edification of the people, "according to the various exigency of times and occasions...."" - Preface from The Book of Common Prayer and Administration of the Sacraments and Other Rites and Ceremonies of the Church Together with The Psalter or Psalms of David… Read More
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Paris, London, New York: M. De Brunoff, Art Publisher, 1904. American Edition de Grand Luxe. Limited edition. Hardcover. 1/720. Folio. Original full leather with gold lettering on spines. Raised bands. All edges gilt. Dentelles. Silk moire endpapers. Mounted frontispiece portrait of J. James Tissot, protected with a tissue-guard. Both title-pages in red and black lettering with embossed golden grape cluster vignette. Decorative initials and head- and tailpieces. Rare and fascinating work profusely illustrated with three hundred and ninety-six in-text and full-page compositions (some in color). This copy being an American Edition de Grand Luxe, each full-page plate is displayed in 2 states, each one being protected with a tissue-guard. Every first state illustrations are mounted. Some age-wear on binding with some rubbing along joints and edges. Front board and back board of second volume detached but present. Some discoloration on spines. Bindings in overall fair to good, interior in near to fine… Read More
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Description:
Philadelphia: A. J. Holman Company, 1900. Book. Fine. Leather_bound. Philadelphia: A. J. Holman Company, 1900. Fine. As new condition in original Holman Company box in excellent condition! King James Version Junior Student's Bible. Clean black leather binding with red and gold lettering "Holy Bible" on cover, gold lettering on spine. Absolutely no wear. Edges overlap text block. All pages are clean and bright, with beautifully detailed full color illustrations, color decorated presentation page (with no name), tissue guard; color maps. All edges are clean, rose gold topstained, ribbon page marker. Outstanding crisp and easy to read "Gem" black type. With Helps, including a Bible Study Course divided into thirty-six lessons. Also a complete History of the Bible, Synopsis of each Book of the Bible, and more. Clean black endpapers. No names, writing or marks. Box with original label and number (No. 5809) and Holman Bible advertising description laid in. Box is clean, no cracking,… Read More
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This book is in good condition. The white leather cover has much wear on the front, back, spine and edges. The spine is separated from the pages. The previous owner's information is written on the cover page. The pages are clear and white. The pages are clear of any markings."This Guide offers an easy way to explore the Bible with pleasure and understanding. It not only leads the reader to great stories and noble passages, but also enables him to trace through the Bible the main ideas about God and man on which Christian faith is based. Although it deals with these sometimes difficult ideas, it is written so that it can be understood and enjoyed even by young people just beginning to read the Scriptures. Parents will find the Guide helpful in teaching the Bible to children...." - A Reader's Guide To Exploring The Bible from The Holy Bible Old and New Testaments in the King James Version
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Mainz: Johann Gutenberg (Oakland: Octavo), ca. 1455; 2003. 1st edition. Other Binding. New/No Jacket (as issued). Digital facsimile (in electronic PDF format on two CD-ROMs; not a printed book) of one of only three surviving perfect copies of the Gutenberg Bible on vellum, from the Library of Congress. This milestone of digital publishing and preservation, part of the groundbreaking Octavo Digital Editions series, presents the entire work, including bindings, in unprecedented resolution (may be magnified at up to 200% of original size), with full searchable English translation of the text, and introductory commentary by Gutenberg expert Janet Ing Freeman, bibliographical information, and a detailed account of the copy's provenance. Unsold original stock, minor storage wear.
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New York: A.J. Johnson, 1872. Hardcover. See Description. Thomas Nast, F.B. Carpenter. Small folio (28 cm), pp. xlvii, [1], 711, 7*, [1], 712-1159, [1], [8-page family register], 21, [1]. With 6 steel engraved plates - 4 by Thomas Nast including the frontispiece, 1 by F.B. Carpenter, and 1 unsigned. A fold-out color map of "Palestine" follows p. 1126, and a single page map of "St. Paul's Journeyings Between Rome and Jerusalem" follows p. 1154. Bound in quarter brown Morocco with gilt spine and gilt title on the front cover. All edges of the book block are gilt. The binding is well preserved, but there are areas of rubbing and wear to the extremities. A small area on the spine tail cap is carefully repaired. Endpapers show age-toning and scattered foxing; two names are penciled on the front free endpaper; the rear free endpaper is chipped on the outer edge and contains a 1.5 cm tear. Interior pages are fresh but with faint toning mostly towards the extremities and margins. Title page displays a mild… Read More
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Description:
Reading, Pa: Johann Ritter und Comp, 1821. Hardcover. Good. Die Zweyte Auflage. 251, [1] p.; 15 cm. Contemporary full calf. Bound with one set of clasps, but only the hardware on the front board remains. Last page contains a multiplication table. Former owner's name at foot of last page: Aaron Roland. The same name in pencil on the title page verso and back fixed endpaper. Early American Imprints, ser. 2 (Shoemaker), 4700; First Century of German Language Printing in the U.S.A, 2516. Scarce. In Good Condition: leather is rubbed with minor loss at head of spine; back board is scraped; lacking clasp; lacking both free endpapers, and 1 leaf (pp. 221-222); p. 235 scraped, with small loss of text; faint dampstains throughout; otherwise, clean and tight.
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Description:
Stuttgart: Maler Renz, 1850. Hardcover. Fair. [2] p., 40 leaves of hand-colored illustrations with captions from the New Testament; 22 cm. Publisher's dark brown cloth with gilt-stamped cover title and decoration. No date of publication. Little is known about the publisher Maler Renz, but it was active in the mid-19th century. This title is not in WorldCat. The title page verso contains a poem by German poet Albert Knapp (1798-1864). Very scarce. In Fair Condition: cover is rubbed and slightly soiled; lacking number 9 and 2/3 of number 10; numbers 30 and 32 are detached but present, with chipping along fore-edges; number 34 lacking lower corner, without loss of illustration or caption; numerous closed tears; finger soiling throughout. | |||||
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"George Grigoriţă",
"unibuc.academia.edu"
] | 2020-06-16T00:00:00 | Proceedings of the International Sympozion on Ecclesiastical Law „Ius ecclesiasticum in the life of the Church: 130 years of Canonical Theology in the Faculty of Orthodox Theology in Bucharest (September 20-21, 2018) organised at the Palace of the | https://www.academia.edu/43363008/George_GRIGORI%C8%9A%C4%82_ed_Ius_ecclesiasticum_in_the_life_of_the_Church_2019_ | In the ecclesiastical language, the term canon (κανών) was introduced to indicate the practical rule of the teaching of faith and to differentiate it from the concept of law (lex – νομος). This term therefore identifies any rule of the Church that puts into practice the doctrine of faith, defined by dogmas. The expression "holy canons" defines the collection of canons approved and received by the Church. Over time, some authors have made various proposals on the role of holy canons in the Church, oscillating them to be canceled as unsubstantiated until they say that their text would have been revealed. According to the doctrine and practice of the Church, the holy canons apply pastorally to ecclesial life, customized for each individual situation. Therefore, in the Church, it is necessary for all activities to take into account the fundamental principles contained in the holy canons, so that the life of the Church conforms to the teaching of christian-orthodox faith.
The paper is dedicated to the issue of conceptualization of understanding (and confessing) of Church as a Catholic one and the role of universalism. This theme is provoked by a remark of Metropolitan of Pergamo John (Zizioulas) in his Being as Communion. Three moments could be identified in the historical process. The first is the implementation of the adjective καθολικὴ to the ἐκκλησία. The second one is the symbiosis and the overlapping of two kinds of universalism – the Imperial (progressive) and the Church one (eschatological) and the beginning of conceptualization. The third moment is the translation of καθολικὴ as sȃborna in the language of Slavs and the multiplication of the Byzantine political philosophy in the new “forms”. At the end is evaluated the last transformation of imperial Catholicity in local autocephalous churches and the consequences of this process on today’s confession and practice of Catholicity.
Abstract The study presents the Interpretation of Canon 3 of the 1st Ecumenical Synod in Nicaea (325). The Fathers of the 1st Synod in Nicaea, by strengthening the moral life of the clergy, condemned the concubinage with hidden women, but they did not support celibacy over marriage. The cohabitation with legal wife is not mentioned, but this lack of mentioning does not automatically mean that the separation from wives or the celibacy were introduced in the Church legislation and practice. Wife is considered to be a full member of the category of legitimate women; but here, the canonical disposition refers to non-married or widow members of the clergy, who may cohabitate only with mother, sister, aunt or other women connected through physical kinship and who are beyond any doubt. The intention of the participants to the Synod was not to introduce celibacy as mandatory for clergy, but the text of the canon is very clear, as it aims to strengthen the discipline of the clergy, the moral life, through confirming the custom and condemning the abuses. In fact, we don’t even find references to such a rule that supports celibacy. Keywords Clergy, Concubinage, Celibacy, Monastic state
Born, educated and living in the multilinguistic and multiconfessional space of the Austrian Monarchy, Andrei Şaguna has been able to fructify both the cultural and the patristic heritage of Orthodoxy, and the modern and liberal spirit of the second half of the 19 th century, cultivating good relationship with Bishop Georg Daniel Teutsch and friendships with Alois Sentz and Jakob Rannicher. His correspondence and the historiographic evidence reveal these contacts as having been marked by respect, due to the function his acquaintances had in the academic staff, the imperial and local administrative and educational mechanism, but especially by reverence and appreciation. The life, activity, and works of Metropolitan Andrei Şaguna, make him a European figure, because of his formation, his pastoral mission, his strong dedication to education and to bringing the culture closer to the Transylvanian Romanians, and his part in the inter-confessional dialogue before the initiation of the Ecumenical Movement and the official contacts between the Orthodox and the Lutheran churches. | |||||
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5215 | dbpedia | 2 | 84 | https://www.espaci-occitan.com/botiga/en/diccionari/308-lou-pichot-tresor-dictionary-9782824007083.html | en | Lou pichot tresor (French | https://www.espaci-occitan.com/botiga/img/favicon.ico | https://www.espaci-occitan.com/botiga/img/favicon.ico | [
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] | null | [] | null | Lou pichot tresor (French-Provençal dictionary) - Xavier De Fourvières and Rupert, edition 2016 with complete reconstruction of structure of the occitan book | en | /botiga/img/favicon.ico | null | Lou pichot tresor (French-Provençal dictionary) - R.P. Xavier De Fourvières, canon, with the collaboration of his colleague R. P. Rupert.
After the Great Dictionary, "Lou Tresor dóu Felibrige" of the illustrious Frederic Mistral, who showed himself in this work the Littré of the Provencal language, demand was demanded and Lou Pichot Trésor du Félibrige was demanded from everywhere. Well ! Here it is. Take it and browse it at leisure. This is our preface. We could, no doubt, explain how useful, in the composition of this work, have been our familiar and assiduous associations with the people, and, on the other hand, what precious help has brought us the dictionaries of Mistral, Honorat , Doujat, Avril, Piat and niçard Pellegrini, as well as the other lexicons or vocabularies of the Langue d'Oc, Languedociens, Gascons, Limousins, Dauphinois, etc. We could also bring out the practical side of our little dictionary: first, from the linguistic point of view, which made us group together, and in separate paragraphs, the words of the same family, as well, of course, as the alphabetical order Included -; Then from the historical and ethnographic point of view ... (translation from the Preface, original edition of 1902).
Constantly "reprinted" (identical to the 1902 edition) for more than a century, no publisher had dared to attack the complete reconstruction of the work in two volumes (French Provencal and Provençal- French). It is now done. Here's the new Pichot Tresor!
The author:
Xavier de Fourvières (1853-1912), born in Robion (Vaucluse), was a canon of the Premonstratensian order. He emigrated to England from 1903 to 1912, after the Law on the Congregations and became superior of the priory of Storrington in Sussex. Author of numerous works in Provencal (of which the most famous remains his Pichot Tresor), he was majoral of the Felibrige. |