metadata
license: cc-by-4.0
dataset_info:
- config_name: predrule-IMP-K-mk-human-written
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: program
dtype: string
- name: src-filename
dtype: string
- name: semantics-type
dtype: string
- name: syntax
dtype: string
- name: semantics
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: mutated-program
dtype: string
- name: mutated
dtype: bool
- name: mutation-pattern
dtype: string
- name: K-evaluatable
dtype: bool
- name: ground-truth
dtype: string
- name: sampled-statements
list:
- name: line_number
dtype: int64
- name: prior_state
struct:
- name: ble
dtype: int64
- name: ans
dtype: int64
- name: num
dtype: int64
- name: a
dtype: int64
- name: b
dtype: int64
- name: c
dtype: int64
- name: d
dtype: int64
- name: f
dtype: int64
- name: x
dtype: int64
- name: j
dtype: int64
- name: k
dtype: int64
- name: m
dtype: int64
- name: p
dtype: int64
- name: q
dtype: int64
- name: r
dtype: int64
- name: X
dtype: int64
- name: B
dtype: int64
- name: 'n'
dtype: int64
- name: i
dtype: int64
- name: s
dtype: int64
- name: t
dtype: int64
- name: first
dtype: int64
- name: tk
dtype: int64
- name: 'y'
dtype: int64
- name: T
dtype: int64
- name: aa
dtype: int64
- name: bb
dtype: int64
- name: tmp
dtype: int64
- name: xyz
dtype: int64
- name: e
dtype: int64
- name: l
dtype: int64
- name: h
dtype: int64
- name: count
dtype: int64
- name: x1
dtype: int64
- name: x2
dtype: int64
- name: y1
dtype: int64
- name: y2
dtype: int64
- name: sum
dtype: int64
- name: k9m
dtype: int64
- name: x7f
dtype: int64
- name: p2d
dtype: int64
- name: cnt
dtype: int64
- name: vol
dtype: int64
- name: z
dtype: int64
- name: n1
dtype: int64
- name: n2
dtype: int64
- name: l2
dtype: int64
- name: r2
dtype: int64
- name: temp
dtype: int64
- name: n3
dtype: int64
- name: number
dtype: int64
- name: ax1
dtype: int64
- name: ax2
dtype: int64
- name: ay1
dtype: int64
- name: ay2
dtype: int64
- name: bx1
dtype: int64
- name: bx2
dtype: int64
- name: by1
dtype: int64
- name: by2
dtype: int64
- name: left
dtype: int64
- name: right
dtype: int64
- name: oh
dtype: int64
- name: ow
dtype: int64
- name: r1x1
dtype: int64
- name: r1x2
dtype: int64
- name: r1y1
dtype: int64
- name: r1y2
dtype: int64
- name: r2x1
dtype: int64
- name: r2x2
dtype: int64
- name: r2y1
dtype: int64
- name: r2y2
dtype: int64
- name: rules
list: string
- name: cleaned_stmt
dtype: string
- name: control_stack
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 5013516
num_examples: 324
download_size: 187603
dataset_size: 5013516
- config_name: predrule-IMP-K-uk-human-written
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: program
dtype: string
- name: src-filename
dtype: string
- name: semantics-type
dtype: string
- name: syntax
dtype: string
- name: semantics
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: mutated-program
dtype: string
- name: mutated
dtype: bool
- name: mutation-pattern
dtype: string
- name: K-evaluatable
dtype: bool
- name: ground-truth
dtype: string
- name: sampled-statements
list:
- name: line_number
dtype: int64
- name: prior_state
struct:
- name: r1x1
dtype: int64
- name: ble
dtype: int64
- name: ans
dtype: int64
- name: r1x2
dtype: int64
- name: r1y1
dtype: int64
- name: r1y2
dtype: int64
- name: r2x1
dtype: int64
- name: r2x2
dtype: int64
- name: r2y1
dtype: int64
- name: r2y2
dtype: int64
- name: x
dtype: int64
- name: 'y'
dtype: int64
- name: k
dtype: int64
- name: l
dtype: int64
- name: num
dtype: int64
- name: i
dtype: int64
- name: j
dtype: int64
- name: 'n'
dtype: int64
- name: a
dtype: int64
- name: b
dtype: int64
- name: n1
dtype: int64
- name: n2
dtype: int64
- name: n3
dtype: int64
- name: c
dtype: int64
- name: d
dtype: int64
- name: f
dtype: int64
- name: m
dtype: int64
- name: p
dtype: int64
- name: q
dtype: int64
- name: r
dtype: int64
- name: X
dtype: int64
- name: B
dtype: int64
- name: s
dtype: int64
- name: t
dtype: int64
- name: first
dtype: int64
- name: tk
dtype: int64
- name: T
dtype: int64
- name: aa
dtype: int64
- name: bb
dtype: int64
- name: tmp
dtype: int64
- name: h
dtype: int64
- name: z
dtype: int64
- name: e
dtype: int64
- name: ax1
dtype: int64
- name: ax2
dtype: int64
- name: ay1
dtype: int64
- name: ay2
dtype: int64
- name: bx1
dtype: int64
- name: bx2
dtype: int64
- name: by1
dtype: int64
- name: by2
dtype: int64
- name: left
dtype: int64
- name: right
dtype: int64
- name: oh
dtype: int64
- name: ow
dtype: int64
- name: xyz
dtype: int64
- name: count
dtype: int64
- name: x1
dtype: int64
- name: x2
dtype: int64
- name: y1
dtype: int64
- name: y2
dtype: int64
- name: l2
dtype: int64
- name: r2
dtype: int64
- name: temp
dtype: int64
- name: number
dtype: int64
- name: sum
dtype: int64
- name: k9m
dtype: int64
- name: x7f
dtype: int64
- name: p2d
dtype: int64
- name: cnt
dtype: int64
- name: vol
dtype: int64
- name: rules
list: string
- name: cleaned_stmt
dtype: string
- name: control_stack
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 2478661
num_examples: 162
download_size: 129218
dataset_size: 2478661
- config_name: predrule-IMP-SOS-mk-human-written
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: program
dtype: string
- name: src-filename
dtype: string
- name: semantics-type
dtype: string
- name: syntax
dtype: string
- name: semantics
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: mutated-program
dtype: string
- name: mutated
dtype: bool
- name: mutation-pattern
dtype: string
- name: K-evaluatable
dtype: bool
- name: ground-truth
dtype: string
- name: sampled-statements
list:
- name: line_number
dtype: int64
- name: prior_state
struct:
- name: ble
dtype: int64
- name: ans
dtype: int64
- name: num
dtype: int64
- name: a
dtype: int64
- name: b
dtype: int64
- name: c
dtype: int64
- name: d
dtype: int64
- name: f
dtype: int64
- name: x
dtype: int64
- name: j
dtype: int64
- name: k
dtype: int64
- name: m
dtype: int64
- name: p
dtype: int64
- name: q
dtype: int64
- name: r
dtype: int64
- name: X
dtype: int64
- name: B
dtype: int64
- name: 'n'
dtype: int64
- name: i
dtype: int64
- name: s
dtype: int64
- name: t
dtype: int64
- name: first
dtype: int64
- name: tk
dtype: int64
- name: 'y'
dtype: int64
- name: T
dtype: int64
- name: aa
dtype: int64
- name: bb
dtype: int64
- name: tmp
dtype: int64
- name: xyz
dtype: int64
- name: e
dtype: int64
- name: l
dtype: int64
- name: h
dtype: int64
- name: x1
dtype: int64
- name: x2
dtype: int64
- name: y1
dtype: int64
- name: count
dtype: int64
- name: y2
dtype: int64
- name: sum
dtype: int64
- name: k9m
dtype: int64
- name: x7f
dtype: int64
- name: p2d
dtype: int64
- name: cnt
dtype: int64
- name: vol
dtype: int64
- name: z
dtype: int64
- name: temp
dtype: int64
- name: n1
dtype: int64
- name: n2
dtype: int64
- name: n3
dtype: int64
- name: l2
dtype: int64
- name: r2
dtype: int64
- name: number
dtype: int64
- name: ax1
dtype: int64
- name: ax2
dtype: int64
- name: ay1
dtype: int64
- name: ay2
dtype: int64
- name: bx1
dtype: int64
- name: bx2
dtype: int64
- name: by1
dtype: int64
- name: by2
dtype: int64
- name: left
dtype: int64
- name: oh
dtype: int64
- name: ow
dtype: int64
- name: right
dtype: int64
- name: r1x1
dtype: int64
- name: r1x2
dtype: int64
- name: r1y1
dtype: int64
- name: r1y2
dtype: int64
- name: r2x1
dtype: int64
- name: r2x2
dtype: int64
- name: r2y1
dtype: int64
- name: r2y2
dtype: int64
- name: rules
list: string
- name: cleaned_stmt
dtype: string
- name: control_stack
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 6783414
num_examples: 324
download_size: 208241
dataset_size: 6783414
- config_name: predrule-IMP-SOS-uk-human-written
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: program
dtype: string
- name: src-filename
dtype: string
- name: semantics-type
dtype: string
- name: syntax
dtype: string
- name: semantics
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: mutated-program
dtype: string
- name: mutated
dtype: bool
- name: mutation-pattern
dtype: string
- name: K-evaluatable
dtype: bool
- name: ground-truth
dtype: string
- name: sampled-statements
list:
- name: line_number
dtype: int64
- name: prior_state
struct:
- name: ans
dtype: int64
- name: ble
dtype: int64
- name: i
dtype: int64
- name: j
dtype: int64
- name: 'n'
dtype: int64
- name: cnt
dtype: int64
- name: k
dtype: int64
- name: s
dtype: int64
- name: vol
dtype: int64
- name: p
dtype: int64
- name: x
dtype: int64
- name: a
dtype: int64
- name: b
dtype: int64
- name: 'y'
dtype: int64
- name: z
dtype: int64
- name: c
dtype: int64
- name: d
dtype: int64
- name: m
dtype: int64
- name: r
dtype: int64
- name: q
dtype: int64
- name: xyz
dtype: int64
- name: e
dtype: int64
- name: h
dtype: int64
- name: l
dtype: int64
- name: temp
dtype: int64
- name: number
dtype: int64
- name: n1
dtype: int64
- name: n2
dtype: int64
- name: n3
dtype: int64
- name: f
dtype: int64
- name: x1
dtype: int64
- name: x2
dtype: int64
- name: y1
dtype: int64
- name: count
dtype: int64
- name: y2
dtype: int64
- name: sum
dtype: int64
- name: k9m
dtype: int64
- name: x7f
dtype: int64
- name: p2d
dtype: int64
- name: num
dtype: int64
- name: X
dtype: int64
- name: B
dtype: int64
- name: t
dtype: int64
- name: first
dtype: int64
- name: tk
dtype: int64
- name: T
dtype: int64
- name: l2
dtype: int64
- name: r2
dtype: int64
- name: aa
dtype: int64
- name: bb
dtype: int64
- name: tmp
dtype: int64
- name: ax1
dtype: int64
- name: ax2
dtype: int64
- name: ay1
dtype: int64
- name: ay2
dtype: int64
- name: bx1
dtype: int64
- name: bx2
dtype: int64
- name: by1
dtype: int64
- name: by2
dtype: int64
- name: left
dtype: int64
- name: oh
dtype: int64
- name: ow
dtype: int64
- name: right
dtype: int64
- name: r1x1
dtype: int64
- name: r1x2
dtype: int64
- name: r1y1
dtype: int64
- name: r1y2
dtype: int64
- name: r2x1
dtype: int64
- name: r2x2
dtype: int64
- name: r2y1
dtype: int64
- name: r2y2
dtype: int64
- name: rules
list: string
- name: cleaned_stmt
dtype: string
- name: control_stack
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 3362339
num_examples: 162
download_size: 142922
dataset_size: 3362339
- config_name: predstate-IMP-K-mk-fuzzer-generated
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: program
dtype: string
- name: src-filename
dtype: string
- name: semantics-type
dtype: string
- name: syntax
dtype: string
- name: semantics
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: mutated-program
dtype: string
- name: mutated
dtype: bool
- name: mutation-pattern
dtype: string
- name: K-evaluatable
dtype: bool
- name: ground-truth
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 26058090
num_examples: 330
download_size: 7001572
dataset_size: 26058090
- config_name: predstate-IMP-K-mk-human-written
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: program
dtype: string
- name: src-filename
dtype: string
- name: semantics-type
dtype: string
- name: syntax
dtype: string
- name: semantics
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: mutated-program
dtype: string
- name: mutated
dtype: bool
- name: mutation-pattern
dtype: string
- name: K-evaluatable
dtype: bool
- name: ground-truth
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 3235751
num_examples: 324
download_size: 63156
dataset_size: 3235751
- config_name: predstate-IMP-K-mk-llm-translated
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: program
dtype: string
- name: src-filename
dtype: string
- name: semantics-type
dtype: string
- name: syntax
dtype: string
- name: semantics
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: mutated-program
dtype: string
- name: mutated
dtype: bool
- name: mutation-pattern
dtype: string
- name: K-evaluatable
dtype: bool
- name: ground-truth
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 4354979
num_examples: 330
download_size: 268020
dataset_size: 4354979
- config_name: predstate-IMP-K-uk-fuzzer-generated
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: program
dtype: string
- name: src-filename
dtype: string
- name: semantics-type
dtype: string
- name: syntax
dtype: string
- name: semantics
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: mutated-program
dtype: string
- name: mutated
dtype: bool
- name: mutation-pattern
dtype: string
- name: K-evaluatable
dtype: bool
- name: ground-truth
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 12440461
num_examples: 165
download_size: 3420099
dataset_size: 12440461
- config_name: predstate-IMP-K-uk-human-written
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: program
dtype: string
- name: src-filename
dtype: string
- name: semantics-type
dtype: string
- name: syntax
dtype: string
- name: semantics
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: mutated-program
dtype: string
- name: mutated
dtype: bool
- name: mutation-pattern
dtype: string
- name: K-evaluatable
dtype: bool
- name: ground-truth
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 1591974
num_examples: 162
download_size: 45219
dataset_size: 1591974
- config_name: predstate-IMP-K-uk-llm-translated
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: program
dtype: string
- name: src-filename
dtype: string
- name: semantics-type
dtype: string
- name: syntax
dtype: string
- name: semantics
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: mutated-program
dtype: string
- name: mutated
dtype: bool
- name: mutation-pattern
dtype: string
- name: K-evaluatable
dtype: bool
- name: ground-truth
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 2135878
num_examples: 165
download_size: 191974
dataset_size: 2135878
- config_name: predstate-IMP-SOS-mk-fuzzer-generated
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: program
dtype: string
- name: src-filename
dtype: string
- name: semantics-type
dtype: string
- name: syntax
dtype: string
- name: semantics
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: mutated-program
dtype: string
- name: mutated
dtype: bool
- name: mutation-pattern
dtype: string
- name: K-evaluatable
dtype: bool
- name: ground-truth
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 27679877
num_examples: 330
download_size: 7008888
dataset_size: 27679877
- config_name: predstate-IMP-SOS-mk-human-written
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: program
dtype: string
- name: src-filename
dtype: string
- name: semantics-type
dtype: string
- name: syntax
dtype: string
- name: semantics
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: mutated-program
dtype: string
- name: mutated
dtype: bool
- name: mutation-pattern
dtype: string
- name: K-evaluatable
dtype: bool
- name: ground-truth
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 4828049
num_examples: 324
download_size: 70431
dataset_size: 4828049
- config_name: predstate-IMP-SOS-mk-llm-translated
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: program
dtype: string
- name: src-filename
dtype: string
- name: semantics-type
dtype: string
- name: syntax
dtype: string
- name: semantics
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: mutated-program
dtype: string
- name: mutated
dtype: bool
- name: mutation-pattern
dtype: string
- name: K-evaluatable
dtype: bool
- name: ground-truth
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 5976764
num_examples: 330
download_size: 275335
dataset_size: 5976764
- config_name: predstate-IMP-SOS-uk-fuzzer-generated
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: program
dtype: string
- name: src-filename
dtype: string
- name: semantics-type
dtype: string
- name: syntax
dtype: string
- name: semantics
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: mutated-program
dtype: string
- name: mutated
dtype: bool
- name: mutation-pattern
dtype: string
- name: K-evaluatable
dtype: bool
- name: ground-truth
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 13248959
num_examples: 165
download_size: 3426544
dataset_size: 13248959
- config_name: predstate-IMP-SOS-uk-human-written
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: program
dtype: string
- name: src-filename
dtype: string
- name: semantics-type
dtype: string
- name: syntax
dtype: string
- name: semantics
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: mutated-program
dtype: string
- name: mutated
dtype: bool
- name: mutation-pattern
dtype: string
- name: K-evaluatable
dtype: bool
- name: ground-truth
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 2385774
num_examples: 162
download_size: 51669
dataset_size: 2385774
- config_name: predstate-IMP-SOS-uk-llm-translated
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: program
dtype: string
- name: src-filename
dtype: string
- name: semantics-type
dtype: string
- name: syntax
dtype: string
- name: semantics
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: mutated-program
dtype: string
- name: mutated
dtype: bool
- name: mutation-pattern
dtype: string
- name: K-evaluatable
dtype: bool
- name: ground-truth
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 2944378
num_examples: 165
download_size: 198417
dataset_size: 2944378
- config_name: predstate-IMP-nk-fuzzer-generated
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: program
dtype: string
- name: src-filename
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: mutated-program
dtype: string
- name: mutated
dtype: bool
- name: mutation-pattern
dtype: string
- name: K-evaluatable
dtype: bool
- name: ground-truth
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 10917179
num_examples: 165
download_size: 3416057
dataset_size: 10917179
- config_name: predstate-IMP-nk-human-written
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: program
dtype: string
- name: src-filename
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: mutated-program
dtype: string
- name: mutated
dtype: bool
- name: mutation-pattern
dtype: string
- name: K-evaluatable
dtype: bool
- name: ground-truth
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 96390
num_examples: 162
download_size: 41198
dataset_size: 96390
- config_name: predstate-IMP-nk-llm-translated
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: program
dtype: string
- name: src-filename
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: mutated-program
dtype: string
- name: mutated
dtype: bool
- name: mutation-pattern
dtype: string
- name: K-evaluatable
dtype: bool
- name: ground-truth
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 612598
num_examples: 165
download_size: 187945
dataset_size: 612598
- config_name: predtrace-IMP-K-mk-human-written
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: program
dtype: string
- name: src-filename
dtype: string
- name: semantics-type
dtype: string
- name: syntax
dtype: string
- name: semantics
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: mutated-program
dtype: string
- name: mutated
dtype: bool
- name: mutation-pattern
dtype: string
- name: K-evaluatable
dtype: bool
- name: ground-truth
dtype: string
- name: max-loop-depth
dtype: int64
- name: max-if-depth
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 22715525
num_examples: 324
download_size: 1272634
dataset_size: 22715525
- config_name: predtrace-IMP-K-uk-human-written
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: program
dtype: string
- name: src-filename
dtype: string
- name: semantics-type
dtype: string
- name: syntax
dtype: string
- name: semantics
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: mutated-program
dtype: string
- name: mutated
dtype: bool
- name: mutation-pattern
dtype: string
- name: K-evaluatable
dtype: bool
- name: ground-truth
dtype: string
- name: max-loop-depth
dtype: int64
- name: max-if-depth
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 11331861
num_examples: 162
download_size: 648136
dataset_size: 11331861
- config_name: predtrace-IMP-SOS-mk-human-written
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: program
dtype: string
- name: src-filename
dtype: string
- name: semantics-type
dtype: string
- name: syntax
dtype: string
- name: semantics
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: mutated-program
dtype: string
- name: mutated
dtype: bool
- name: mutation-pattern
dtype: string
- name: K-evaluatable
dtype: bool
- name: ground-truth
dtype: string
- name: max-loop-depth
dtype: int64
- name: max-if-depth
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 36623365
num_examples: 324
download_size: 2093312
dataset_size: 36623365
- config_name: predtrace-IMP-SOS-uk-human-written
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: program
dtype: string
- name: src-filename
dtype: string
- name: semantics-type
dtype: string
- name: syntax
dtype: string
- name: semantics
dtype: string
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: mutated-program
dtype: string
- name: mutated
dtype: bool
- name: mutation-pattern
dtype: string
- name: K-evaluatable
dtype: bool
- name: ground-truth
dtype: string
- name: max-loop-depth
dtype: int64
- name: max-if-depth
dtype: int64
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 18283431
num_examples: 162
download_size: 1061198
dataset_size: 18283431
configs:
- config_name: predrule-IMP-K-mk-human-written
data_files:
- split: train
path: predrule-IMP-K-mk-human-written/train-*
- config_name: predrule-IMP-K-uk-human-written
data_files:
- split: train
path: predrule-IMP-K-uk-human-written/train-*
- config_name: predrule-IMP-SOS-mk-human-written
data_files:
- split: train
path: predrule-IMP-SOS-mk-human-written/train-*
- config_name: predrule-IMP-SOS-uk-human-written
data_files:
- split: train
path: predrule-IMP-SOS-uk-human-written/train-*
- config_name: predstate-IMP-K-mk-fuzzer-generated
data_files:
- split: train
path: predstate-IMP-K-mk-fuzzer-generated/train-*
- config_name: predstate-IMP-K-mk-human-written
data_files:
- split: train
path: predstate-IMP-K-mk-human-written/train-*
- config_name: predstate-IMP-K-mk-llm-translated
data_files:
- split: train
path: predstate-IMP-K-mk-llm-translated/train-*
- config_name: predstate-IMP-K-uk-fuzzer-generated
data_files:
- split: train
path: predstate-IMP-K-uk-fuzzer-generated/train-*
- config_name: predstate-IMP-K-uk-human-written
data_files:
- split: train
path: predstate-IMP-K-uk-human-written/train-*
- config_name: predstate-IMP-K-uk-llm-translated
data_files:
- split: train
path: predstate-IMP-K-uk-llm-translated/train-*
- config_name: predstate-IMP-SOS-mk-fuzzer-generated
data_files:
- split: train
path: predstate-IMP-SOS-mk-fuzzer-generated/train-*
- config_name: predstate-IMP-SOS-mk-human-written
data_files:
- split: train
path: predstate-IMP-SOS-mk-human-written/train-*
- config_name: predstate-IMP-SOS-mk-llm-translated
data_files:
- split: train
path: predstate-IMP-SOS-mk-llm-translated/train-*
- config_name: predstate-IMP-SOS-uk-fuzzer-generated
data_files:
- split: train
path: predstate-IMP-SOS-uk-fuzzer-generated/train-*
- config_name: predstate-IMP-SOS-uk-human-written
data_files:
- split: train
path: predstate-IMP-SOS-uk-human-written/train-*
- config_name: predstate-IMP-SOS-uk-llm-translated
data_files:
- split: train
path: predstate-IMP-SOS-uk-llm-translated/train-*
- config_name: predstate-IMP-nk-fuzzer-generated
data_files:
- split: train
path: predstate-IMP-nk-fuzzer-generated/train-*
- config_name: predstate-IMP-nk-human-written
data_files:
- split: train
path: predstate-IMP-nk-human-written/train-*
- config_name: predstate-IMP-nk-llm-translated
data_files:
- split: train
path: predstate-IMP-nk-llm-translated/train-*
- config_name: predtrace-IMP-K-mk-human-written
data_files:
- split: train
path: predtrace-IMP-K-mk-human-written/train-*
- config_name: predtrace-IMP-K-uk-human-written
data_files:
- split: train
path: predtrace-IMP-K-uk-human-written/train-*
- config_name: predtrace-IMP-SOS-mk-human-written
data_files:
- split: train
path: predtrace-IMP-SOS-mk-human-written/train-*
- config_name: predtrace-IMP-SOS-uk-human-written
data_files:
- split: train
path: predtrace-IMP-SOS-uk-human-written/train-*
The 43rd International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML 2026), Seoul, South Korea
LLMs Lean on Priors, Not Programming Language
Semantics
by Aditya Thimmaiah1, Jiyang Zhang1, Jayanth Srinivasa2, Junyi Jessy Li1, Milos Gligoric1
1The University of Texas at Austin 2Cisco Research
TLDR: Frontier LLMs execute programs with up to 90–100% accuracy when symbols retain their usual meanings (e.g., + means addition). Under counterfactual semantic shifts (e.g., redefining + to mean subtraction) accuracy collapses by 40–70 percentage points. Despite handing the complete formal rules, the models keep answering as if the rules were never changed. LLMs don't faithfully interpret the semantics they are given—they retrieve what symbols usually mean from pretraining.
Abstract
Recent work asks whether large language models (LLMs) condition their reasoning on explicit rules rather than statistical regularities from pre-training. Program execution provides a canonical instance: formal semantics define behavior through symbolic transition rules that can be systematically altered under distribution shift. We investigate whether LLMs can condition their reasoning on formal semantics through program execution and introduce PLSEMANTICSBENCH, pairing featherweight C programs with two semantic systems—small-step operational semantics and K semantics—and probing four capabilities: composing rules for final states, selecting rules when state is unmutated, sustaining such conditioning over long traces, and following supplied rules under novel semantics. To decouple semantic reasoning from syntactic familiarity, we redefine familiar operators to induce symbol-meaning conflict and introduce novel symbols defined only through the supplied rules, and stress-test models on Human-Written, LLM-Translated, and Fuzzer-Generated splits with increasing structural complexity. Across 11 frontier LLMs, strong final-state accuracy under standard semantics (up to 90%) drops sharply—by as much as 40–60% points—under semantic mutations and increasing structural complexity. Only a handful of models achieve non-zero long-horizon conditioning accuracy, and even the best systems reach just 35%. Together, these results suggest that contemporary LLMs often rely on pretrained lexical associations rather than systematically conditioning on supplied formal rules.
Table of Contents
About
PLSemanticsBench is the first counterfactual PL semantics dataset for rule-conditioned reasoning of LLMs. We introduce three tasks to evaluate this:
| Task | Description |
|---|---|
| ✨ PredState | Predicts the final program state |
| ✨ PredRule | Predicts the ordered sequence of semantic rules needed to evaluate a program |
| ✨ PredTrace | Predicts the step-by-step execution of a program |
You must implement BaseRunner(_query method) to evaluate your models. We provide two example implementations for OpenAI models (GPTRunner) and Ollama models (OllamaRunner).
Installation
System Requirements
- Python 3.11 or higher
- OpenAI API key (for running experiments with OpenAI models)
Step-by-Step Installation
- Create and activate the conda environment:
conda env create -f env.yaml
conda activate plsemanticsbench
- Set up your OpenAI API key (only for OpenAI models):
export OPENAI_API_KEY='your-api-key-here'
Quick Start
We provide a bash script quick that:
- Sets up the
plsemanticsbenchconda environment. - Pulls the
DeepSeek-R1 1.5Bmodel. - Evaluates the
DeepSeek-R1 1.5Bmodel on thePredStatetask withno-semanticsandchain-of-thoughtprompting on theHuman-Writtendataset. - Prints the
accuracyandmalformed-countto screen. - Creates
metrics-predstate-deepseek-r1:1.5b.jsonthat contains the evaluation result.
bash quick
Detailed Usage
Basic Example
Here's a minimal example to get started:
from plsemanticsbench import GPTRunner
from plsemanticsbench import ExperimentArgs, LLMEvaluator
from plsemanticsbench import (
PROMPT_STRATEGY,
Task,
Formalization,
Semantics_Type,
Language,
PLDataset
)
# Model name
model_name = "o3-mini"
# Experiment args: Run the PredState task on the IMP language with
# standard semantics formalized using SOS and with direct prompting
exp_args = ExperimentArgs(
dataset=PLDataset.Human_Written,
task=Task.PredState,
language=Language.IMP,
formalization=Formalization.SOS,
semantics_type=Semantics_Type.Standard,
model_name=model_name,
prompt_strategy=PROMPT_STRATEGY.DA,
num_datapoints_to_run=2, # Run just 2 datapoints (omit to run entire dataset)
)
# Run inference using the OpenAI API
gpt_runner = GPTRunner(args=exp_args)
# Generation (generate LLM prediction on the predstate task)
predictions = gpt_runner.do_experiment() # path to dump results can be provided
# Evaluation (evaluate LLM prediction against ground-truth)
llm_eval = LLMEvaluator(task=exp_args.task, semantics_type=exp_args.semantics_type)
evaluation_result = llm_eval.evaluate_from_list(results=predictions, model_name=model_name)
print(evaluation_result)
Expected Output
{
'accuracy': 1,
'malformed-count': 0,
}
Benchmark
You can load the dataset using the datasets library. Here is an example:
from datasets import load_dataset
# Load PredState task with standard semantics (uk) and K-semantics formalization (K) and with the Human Written (human-written) dataset
predstate_IMP_K_uk_human_written = load_dataset("EngineeringSoftware/PLSemanticsBench", name="predstate-IMP-K-uk-human-written")
# Load PredRule task with nonstandard semantics (mk) ans SOS formalization (SOS) and with the LLM Translated (llm-translated) dataset
predrule_IMP_SOS_mk_llm_translated = load_dataset("EngineeringSoftware/PLSemanticsBench", name="predrule-IMP-SOS-mk-llm-translated")
# Load PredState task with no-semantics (nk) and with the Fuzzer Generated (fuzzer-generated) dataset
predstate_IMP_nk_fuzzer_generated = load_dataset("EngineeringSoftware/PLSemanticsBench", name="predstate-IMP-nk-fuzzer-generated")
Dataset Split
| Task | Split | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ✨ PredState (Final State Prediction) |
predstate-IMP-nk-{dataset-name} | No semantics |
| predstate-IMP-K-uk-{dataset-name} | Standard semantics with K-semantics formalization | |
| predstate-IMP-K-mk-{dataset-name} | Nonstandard semantics with K-semantics formalization | |
| predstate-IMP-SOS-uk-{dataset-name} | Standard semantics with SOS formalization | |
| predstate-IMP-SOS-mk-{dataset-name} | Nonstandard semantics with SOS formalization | |
| ✨ PredRule (Semantic Rule Prediction) |
predrule-IMP-K-uk-human-written | Standard semantics with K-semantics formalization |
| predrule-IMP-K-mk-human-written | Nonstandard semantics with K-semantics formalization | |
| predrule-IMP-SOS-uk-human-written | Standard semantics with SOS formalization | |
| predrule-IMP-SOS-mk-human-written | Nonstandard semantics with SOS formalization | |
| ✨ PredTrace (Execution Trace Prediction) |
predtrace-IMP-K-uk-human-written | Standard semantics with K-semantics formalization |
| predtrace-IMP-K-mk-human-written | Nonstandard semantics with K-semantics formalization | |
| predtrace-IMP-SOS-uk-human-written | Standard semantics with SOS formalization | |
| predtrace-IMP-SOS-mk-human-written | Nonstandard semantics with SOS formalization |
Data Example
One example of the dataset is as follows:
{
"program": "int ans; ans = 1; ...",
"syntax": "<program> :: ...",
"semantics": "ℤ := Set of integers ...",
"mutated-program": "int ans; ans = 1; ...",
"mutation-pattern": "KeyWordSwap",
"exec-trace": [
{
"linenumber": 1,
"rule": ["Rule 38", "Rule 39"],
"state": {"ans": 1}
}
],
"ground-truth": "<answer>...</answer>"
}
Citation
@inproceedings{ThimmaiahETAL25PLSemanticsBench,
title = {LLMs Lean on Priors, Not Programming Language Semantics},
author = {Thimmaiah, Aditya and Zhang, Jiyang and Srinivasa, Jayanth
and Li, Junyi Jessy and Gligoric, Milos},
booktitle = {ICML},
year = {2026}
}
License
This project is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 License.