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|=-----------------------------------------------------------------------=| |
|=---------------------=[ 6 - MMIO in the Middle ]=----------------------=| |
|=-----------------------------------------------------------------------=| |
|=----------------------------=[ b1ack0wl ]=-----------------------------=| |
|=-----------------------------------------------------------------------=| |
--[ Table of Contents |
0 - Introduction |
1 - What sparked this research |
2 - Looking into Das U-Boot |
3 - Initial Testing |
4 - Using Qemu to record MMIO transactions |
5 - Discoveries |
6 - Failed idea(s) |
7 - Give this a try yourself! |
--[ 0 - Introduction |
System on Chips (SoCs) are very common in embedded devices, ranging from |
cell phones to cheap smart devices. These chips contain many subcomponents |
within them such as flash memory, network chips, modems, ...etc. These |
subcomponents are interacted with via Memory Mapped Input Output regions |
(MMIO) which is a fancy way of saying "Memory Address 0x00000004 is mapped |
to register 'X' for component 'Y'. |
The target for this article is the TP-Link WR940N wireless router. This |
device has a fairly old processor in it, the "TP9343", which is actually |
a Qualcomm Atheros QCA956x SoC. Even though the target device in this |
article is outdated, the technique I am about to describe can be applied |
to different types of embedded devices where the bootloader can easily be |
changed, or has the ability to read and write to physical memory. |
--[ 1 - What sparked this research |
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