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Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Melanoma? | Melanoma is a kind of skin cancer that starts in the melanocytes. Melanocytes are cells that make the pigment that gives skin its color. The pigment is called melanin.
Melanoma typically starts on skin that's often exposed to the sun. This includes the skin on the arms, back, face and legs. Melanoma also can form in t... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Melanoma? | The first melanoma signs and symptoms often are:
• A change in an existing mole.
• The development of a new pigmented or unusual-looking growth on the skin.
Melanoma doesn't always begin as a mole. It also can happen on otherwise healthy skin.
Melanomas symptoms can happen anywhere on the body. Melanomas most often... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Melanoma? | Melanoma happens when something changes healthy melanocytes into cancer cells. Melanocytes are skin cells that make pigment that gives skin its color. The pigment is called melanin.
Melanoma starts when melanocytes develop changes in their DNA. A cell's DNA holds the instructions that tell a cell what to do. In health... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Melanoma? | Factors that may increase the risk of melanoma include:
• A family history of melanoma.If a close relative has had melanoma, you have a greater chance of developing a melanoma, too. Close relatives may include a parent, child or sibling.
• A history of sunburn.One or more severe, blistering sunburns can increase your... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What is the prevention of Melanoma? | You can reduce your risk of melanoma and other types of skin cancer if you:
• Avoid tanning lamps and beds.Tanning lamps and beds give off ultraviolet light, also called UV light. Exposure to this kind of light can increase your risk of skin cancer.
• Avoid the sun during the middle of the day.For many people in Nort... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Meniere's disease? | Meniere's disease is an inner ear problem that can cause dizzy spells, also called vertigo, and hearing loss. Most of the time, Meniere's disease affects only one ear.
Meniere's disease can happen at any age. But it usually starts between the ages of 40 to 60. It's thought to be a lifelong condition. But some treatmen... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Meniere's disease? | Symptoms of Meniere's disease include:
• Regular dizzy spells.You have a spinning feeling that starts and stops suddenly. Vertigo may start without warning. It usually lasts 20 minutes to 12 hours, but not more than 24 hours. Serious vertigo can cause nausea.
• Hearing loss.Hearing loss in Meniere's disease may come ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Meniere's disease? | The cause of Meniere's disease isn't known. Symptoms of Meniere's disease may be due to extra fluid in the inner ear called endolymph. But it isn't clear what causes this fluid to build up in the inner ear.
Issues that affect the fluid, which might lead to Meniere's disease, include:
• Poor fluid drainage. This may b... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Meniere's disease? | Meniere's disease is most common in people ages 40 to 60. Females may have a slightly higher risk than men.
You may have a higher chance of getting Meniere's disease if someone in your family has had the condition.
You may have a higher risk of Meniere's disease if you have an autoimmune disorder. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Meniere's disease? | The most difficult complications of Meniere's disease can be:
• Unexpected vertigo attacks.
• Possibly losing your hearing long term.
The disease can happen at any time. This can cause worry and stress.
Vertigo can cause you to lose balance. This can increase your risk of falls and accidents. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Meningioma? | A meningioma is a tumor that grows from the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord, called the meninges. A meningioma is not a brain tumor, but it may press on the nearby brain, nerves and vessels. Meningioma is the most common type of tumor that forms in the head.
Most meningiomas grow very slowly. They ca... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Meningioma? | Symptoms of a meningioma most often begin slowly. They may be hard to notice at first. Symptoms may depend on where in the brain the meningioma is. Rarely, it can be in the spine.
Symptoms may include:
• Changes in vision, such as seeing double or blurring.
• Headaches that are worse in the morning.
• Hearing loss ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Meningioma? | It isn't clear what causes a meningioma. Experts know that something changes some cells in the meninges. The changes makes them multiply out of control. This leads to a meningioma.
Being exposed to radiation as a child is the only known environmental risk factor for getting meningioma. There's no good evidence to show... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Meningioma? | Risk factors for a meningioma include:
• Radiation treatment.Radiation therapy that involves the head may increase the risk of a meningioma.
• Female hormones.Meningiomas are more common in women. This might mean that female hormones may play a role. Some studies also have suggested a link between breast cancer and m... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Meningioma? | A meningioma and its treatment can cause long-term complications. Treatment most often involves surgery and radiation therapy. Complications may include:
• Trouble focusing.
• Memory loss.
• Personality changes.
• Seizures.
• Weakness.
• Changes in the senses.
• Trouble with language.
Your healthcare profession... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Meningitis? | Meningitis is an infection and swelling, called inflammation, of the fluid and membranes around the brain and spinal cord. These membranes are called meninges.
The inflammation from meningitis most often triggers symptoms such as headache, fever and a stiff neck.
Viral infections are the most common cause of meningit... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Meningitis? | Early meningitis symptoms may be like those of the flu. Symptoms may come on over several hours or over a few days. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Meningitis? | Viral infections are the most common cause of meningitis in the United States, followed by bacterial infections and, rarely, fungal and parasitic infections. Because bacterial infections can lead to death, finding the cause is vital. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Meningitis? | Risk factors for meningitis include:
• Not getting vaccinations.Risk rises for anyone who hasn't gotten all the childhood or adult vaccinations.
• Age.Viral meningitis most often happens in children younger than age 5 years. Bacterial meningitis is common in those younger than age 20 years.
• Living in groups.Colleg... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Meningitis? | Meningitis complications can be serious. The longer someone has the disease without treatment, the greater the risk of seizures and long-term nervous system damage. Damage can include:
• Hearing loss.
• Trouble with vision.
• Memory issues.
• Learning disabilities.
• Brain damage.
• Trouble walking.
• Seizures.
... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What is the prevention of Meningitis? | Common germs that can cause meningitis can spread through coughing, sneezing or kissing. Germs also can spread by shared eating utensils, toothbrushes or cigarettes.
These steps can help prevent meningitis:
• Wash your hands.Careful hand-washing helps prevent the spread of germs. Teach children to wash their hands of... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Menopause? | Menopause is when periods stop for good. It's diagnosed after 12 months without a menstrual period, vaginal bleeding or spotting. Menopause can happen in the 40s or 50s. But the average age is 51 in the United States.
Menopause is natural. But the physical symptoms, such as hot flashes, and emotional symptoms of menop... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Menopause? | Most often, menopause happens over time. The months or years leading up to menopause are called perimenopause or the menopausal transition.
During the transition, the amount of hormones your ovaries make varies. Perimenopause can last 2 to 8 years. The average is about four years.
The hormone changes can cause sympto... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Women’s health topics - straight to your inbox of Menopause? | Get the latest information from our Mayo Clinic experts on women’s health topics, serious and complex conditions, wellness and more.Click to view a previewand subscribe below. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Menopause? | Menopause can result from:
• Natural decline of hormones.As you enter your late 30s, your ovaries start making less of the hormones that control your period. These are called estrogen and progesterone. With lower levels of them, it's harder to get pregnant.In your 40s, your menstrual periods may get longer or shorter,... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Menopause? | People assigned female at birth go through menopause. The main risk factor is reaching the age of menopause.
Other risk factors include:
• Surgery to remove the ovaries.
• Certain cancer treatments. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Menopause? | After menopause, your risk of certain medical conditions increases. Examples include:
• Heart and blood vessel disease.This also is called cardiovascular disease. When your estrogen levels fall, your risk of cardiovascular disease increases. Heart disease is the leading cause of death in both women and men.
• Weakene... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Mental illness? | Mental illness, also called mental health disorders, refers to a wide range of mental health conditions — disorders that affect your mood, thinking and behavior. Examples of mental illness include depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, eating disorders and addictive behaviors.
Many people have mental health con... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Mental illness? | Signs and symptoms of mental illness can vary, depending on the disorder, circumstances and other factors. Mental illness symptoms can affect emotions, thoughts and behaviors.
Examples of signs and symptoms include:
• Feeling sad or down
• Confused thinking or reduced ability to concentrate
• Excessive fears or wor... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Mental illness? | Mental illnesses, in general, are thought to be caused by a variety of genetic and environmental factors:
• Inherited traits.Mental illness is more common in people whose blood relatives also have a mental illness. Certain genes may increase your risk of developing a mental illness, and your life situation may trigger... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Mental illness? | Certain factors may increase your risk of developing a mental illness, including:
• A history of mental illness in a blood relative, such as a parent or sibling
• Stressful life situations, such as financial problems, a loved one's death or a divorce
• An ongoing (chronic) medical condition, such as diabetes
• Brai... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Mental illness? | Mental illness is a leading cause of disability. Untreated mental illness can cause severe emotional, behavioral and physical health problems. Complications sometimes linked to mental illness include:
• Unhappiness and decreased enjoyment of life
• Family conflicts
• Relationship difficulties
• Social isolation
• ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What is the prevention of Mental illness? | There's no sure way to prevent mental illness. However, if you have a mental illness, taking steps to control stress, to increase your resilience and to boost low self-esteem may help keep your symptoms under control. Follow these steps:
• Pay attention to warning signs.Work with your doctor or therapist to learn what... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Mesenteric ischemia? | Mesenteric ischemia (mez-un-TER-ik is-KEE-me-uh) is a condition that happens when narrowed or blocked arteries restrict blood flow to the small intestine. Decreased blood flow can permanently damage the small intestine.
Sudden loss of blood flow to the small intestine is called acute mesenteric ischemia. The acute typ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Mesenteric ischemia? | Both acute and chronic mesenteric ischemia are caused by a decrease in blood flow to the small intestine. Acute mesenteric ischemia is most commonly caused by a blood clot in the main mesenteric artery. The blood clot often starts in the heart. The chronic form is most commonly caused by a buildup of fatty deposits, ca... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Mesenteric ischemia? | The most common risk factors for acute mesenteric ischemia include:
• Atrial fibrillation — an irregular and often very rapid heart rhythm.
• Congestive heart failure — a condition in which the heart muscle doesn't pump blood as well as it should.
• Recent vascular surgery.
The most common risk factors for chronic ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Mesenteric ischemia? | If not treated promptly, acute mesenteric ischemia can lead to:
• Irreversible bowel damage.Not getting enough blood flow to the bowel can cause parts of the bowel to die.
• Sepsis.This potentially life-threatening condition is caused by the body releasing chemicals into the bloodstream to fight infection. In sepsis,... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Metachromatic leukodystrophy? | Metachromatic leukodystrophy is a rare hereditary (genetic) disorder that causes fatty substances (lipids) to build up in cells, particularly in the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves. This buildup is caused by a deficiency of an enzyme that helps break down lipids called sulfatides. The brain and nervous system ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Metachromatic leukodystrophy? | Damage to the protective myelin covering the nerves results in progressive worsening of brain and nervous system functions, including:
• Loss of the ability to detect sensations, such as touch, pain, heat and sound
• Loss of intellectual, thinking and memory skills
• Loss of motor skills, such as walking, moving, sp... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Metachromatic leukodystrophy? | Metachromatic leukodystrophy is an inherited disorder caused by an abnormal (mutated) gene. The condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. The abnormal recessive gene is located on one of the nonsex chromosomes (autosomes). To inherit an autosomal recessive disorder, both parents must be carriers, but th... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Metastatic prostate cancer? | Metastatic prostate cancer is cancer that starts in the prostate and spreads to other parts of the body. Other terms for this condition include advanced prostate cancer and stage 4 prostate cancer.
Prostate cancer is a growth of cells that starts in the prostate. The prostate is a small gland that helps make the fluid... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Metastatic prostate cancer? | Metastatic prostate cancer doesn't always cause symptoms. As the cancer grows and becomes more advanced, symptoms might happen. Signs and symptoms of metastatic prostate cancer can include:
• Feeling very tired.
• Having to urinate more often or feeling pain when urinating.
• Losing weight without trying.
• Nausea ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Metastatic prostate cancer? | It's not clear what causes metastatic prostate cancer. This advanced form of prostate cancer happens when cancer cells break away from where they started in the prostate. The cancer cells can travel through the lymphatic system or the blood to other areas of the body. A metastatic prostate cancer also is a stage 4 pros... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Metastatic prostate cancer? | The risk factors that raise the risk of metastatic prostate cancer are the same for prostate cancer in general. Factors that can increase the risk of prostate cancer include:
• Older age.The risk of prostate cancer goes up with age. It's most common after age 50.
• Race and ethnicity.In the United States, Black peopl... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Metastatic prostate cancer? | Some treatments for metastatic prostate cancer can cause thinning bones. This complication can cause bones to break more easily.
To help reduce the risk of thinning bones, your healthcare team might recommend that you:
• Limit how much alcohol you drink.
• Stop smoking if you smoke.
• Get 30 minutes of weight-beari... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Mild cognitive impairment (MCI)? | Mild cognitive impairment is the in-between stage between typical thinking skills and dementia. The condition causes memory loss and trouble with language and judgment, but it doesn't affect daily activities.
People with mild cognitive impairment, also known as MCI, may be aware that their memory or mental ability has... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Mild cognitive impairment (MCI)? | Symptoms of mild cognitive impairment, also known as MCI, include trouble with memory, language and judgment. The symptoms are more serious than the memory issues that are expected as people get older. But the symptoms don't affect daily life at work or at home.
The brain, like the rest of the body, changes with age. ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Mild cognitive impairment (MCI)? | There's no single cause of mild cognitive impairment. In some people, mild cognitive impairment is due to Alzheimer's disease. But there's no single outcome. Symptoms may remain stable for years or they may improve over time. Or mild cognitive impairment may progress to Alzheimer's disease dementia or another type of d... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Mild cognitive impairment (MCI)? | The strongest risk factors for mild cognitive impairment are:
• Older age.
• Having a form of a gene known as APOE e4. This gene also is linked to Alzheimer's disease. But having the gene doesn't guarantee a decline in thinking and memory.
Other medical conditions and lifestyle factors have been linked to a higher r... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Mild cognitive impairment (MCI)? | Complications of mild cognitive impairment include a higher risk — but not a certainty — of dementia. Overall, about 1% to 3% of older adults develop dementia every year. Studies suggest that around 10% to 15% of people with mild cognitive impairment go on to develop dementia each year. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What is the prevention of Mild cognitive impairment (MCI)? | Mild cognitive impairment can't be prevented. But research has found that some lifestyle factors may lower the risk of getting it. These steps may offer some protection:
• Don't drink large amounts of alcohol.
• Limit exposure to air pollution.
• Reduce your risk of a head injury, such as by wearing a helmet when ri... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Miscarriage? | Miscarriage is the sudden loss of a pregnancy before the 20th week. About 10% to 20% of known pregnancies end in miscarriage. But the actual number is likely higher. This is because many miscarriages happen early on, before people realize they're pregnant.
The term miscarriage might sound as if something was amiss in ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Miscarriage? | Most miscarriages happen during the first trimester of pregnancy, which is about the first 13 weeks.
The symptoms can include:
• Bleeding from the vagina with or without pain, including light bleeding called spotting.
• Pain or cramping in the pelvic area or lower back.
• Fluid or tissue passing from the vagina.
•... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Miscarriage? | Various factors raise the risk of miscarriage, including:
• Age.If you're older than age 35, you have a higher risk of miscarriage than a younger person. At age 35, you have about a 20% risk. At age 40, the risk is about 33% to 40%. And at age 45, it ranges from 57% to 80%.
• Past miscarriages.If you've had one or mo... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Miscarriage? | Sometimes, pregnancy tissue that stays in the uterus after a miscarriage can lead to a uterine infection about 1 to 2 days later. The infection is called a septic miscarriage. Symptoms include:
• Fever higher than 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit more than two times.
• Chills.
• Pain in the lower stomach area.
• Foul-smell... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What is the prevention of Miscarriage? | Often, there's nothing you can do to prevent a miscarriage. Instead, focus on taking good care of yourself and your unborn baby:
• Get regular prenatal care while you're pregnant and right after you give birth.
• Stay away from miscarriage risk factors — such as smoking, drinking alcohol and illegal drug use.
• Take... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Mitral valve disease? | Mitral valve disease is a problem with the valve located between the left heart chambers. The upper left heart chamber is called the left atrium. The bottom left heart chamber is called the left ventricle.
Mitral valve disease includes:
• Mitral valve regurgitation.The mitral valve flaps, also called leaflets, may no... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Mitral valve disease? | Some people with mitral valve disease might not have symptoms for many years, if at all.
Symptoms of mitral valve disease can include:
• Fatigue.
• Irregular heartbeat.
• Shortness of breath. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Mitral valve disease? | To understand the causes of mitral valve disease, it may be helpful to know how the heart works.
The mitral valve is one of four valves in the heart that keep blood flowing in the right direction. Each valve has flaps, called leaflets, that open and close once during each heartbeat. If a valve doesn't open or close pr... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Mitral valve disease? | Several things can increase the risk of mitral valve disease, including:
• Older age.
• Certain infections that affect the heart.
• Heart attack and some types of heart disease.
• Use of certain drugs.
• Heart condition present at birth, called a congenital heart defect.
• Radiation to the chest. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Mitral valve disease? | Mitral valve disease can cause many complications. Severe mitral valve regurgitation, for example, causes the heart to work harder, which can cause the left ventricle to enlarge and the heart muscle to weaken.
Other complications of mitral valve disease may include:
• Irregular and often rapid heartbeat, called atria... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Mitral valve regurgitation? | Mitral valve regurgitation is the most common type of heart valve disease. In this condition, the valve between the left heart chambers doesn't close fully. Blood leaks backward across the valve. If the leakage is severe, not enough blood moves through the heart or to the rest of the body. Mitral valve regurgitation ca... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Mitral valve regurgitation? | Mitral valve regurgitation is often mild and develops slowly. Some people do not have symptoms for many years.
But sometimes, mitral valve regurgitation develops quickly. When this happens, it's called acute mitral valve regurgitation.
Fatigue is a common but nonspecific symptom of mitral valve regurgitation. Other s... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Mitral valve regurgitation? | To understand the causes of mitral valve disease, it may be helpful to know how the heart works.
The mitral valve is one of four valves in the heart that keep blood flowing in the right direction. Each valve has flaps, also called leaflets, that open and close once during each heartbeat.
In mitral valve regurgitation... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Mitral valve regurgitation? | Several things can increase the risk of mitral valve regurgitation, including:
• Certain infections that affect the heart.
• Heart attack.
• Heart problems present at birth, called congenital heart defects.
• History of other heart valve diseases, including mitral valve prolapse and mitral valve stenosis.
• Older ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Mitral valve regurgitation? | Mitral valve regurgitation complications often depend on the severity of disease. Mild mitral valve regurgitation usually does not cause any problems.
As mitral valve regurgitation gets worse, the heart must work harder to pump blood to the body. The strain on the heart can cause the left lower chamber to widen. The h... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Mitral valve stenosis? | Mitral valve stenosis — sometimes called mitral stenosis — is a narrowing of the valve between the two left heart chambers. The narrowed valve reduces or blocks blood flow into the lower left heart chamber. The lower left heart chamber is the heart's main pumping chamber. It also is called the left ventricle.
Mitral v... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Mitral valve stenosis? | Mitral valve stenosis usually worsens slowly. You may not have any symptoms, or you may have mild ones for many years. Symptoms of mitral valve stenosis can occur at any age, even during childhood.
Symptoms of mitral valve stenosis include:
• Shortness of breath, especially with activity or when you lie down.
• Fati... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Mitral valve stenosis? | To understand the causes of mitral valve disease, it may be helpful to know how the heart works.
The mitral valve is one of four valves in the heart that keep blood flowing in the right direction. Each valve has flaps, called leaflets, that open and close once during each heartbeat. If a valve doesn't open or close pr... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Mitral valve stenosis? | Risk factors for mitral valve stenosis include:
• Untreated strep infections.A history of untreated strep throat or rheumatic fever increases the risk of mitral valve stenosis. However, rheumatic fever is rare in the United States. But it's still a problem in developing nations.
• Aging.Older adults are at increased ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Mitral valve stenosis? | Mitral valve stenosis that is not treated can lead to complications such as:
• Irregular heartbeats.Irregular heartbeats are called arrhythmias. Mitral valve stenosis may cause an irregular and chaotic heart rhythm called atrial fibrillation. It's commonly known as AFib.AFibis a common complication of mitral stenosis.... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What is the prevention of Mitral valve stenosis? | Rheumatic fever is the most common cause of mitral valve stenosis. So the best way to prevent mitral valve stenosis is to prevent rheumatic fever. You can do this by making sure you and your children see a healthcare professional for sore throats. Untreated strep throat infections can develop into rheumatic fever. Stre... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Mittelschmerz? | Mittelschmerz is one-sided, lower abdominal pain associated with ovulation. German for "middle pain," mittelschmerz occurs midway through a menstrual cycle — about 14 days before your next menstrual period.
In most cases, mittelschmerz doesn't require medical attention. For minor mittelschmerz discomfort, over-the-cou... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Mittelschmerz? | Mittelschmerz pain usually lasts a few minutes to a few hours, but it may continue for as long as a day or two. Pain from mittelschmerz may be:
• On one side of your lower abdomen
• Dull and achy, similar to menstrual cramps
• Sharp and sudden
• Accompanied by slight vaginal bleeding or discharge
• Rarely, severe
... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Women’s health topics - straight to your inbox of Mittelschmerz? | Get the latest information from our Mayo Clinic experts on women’s health topics, serious and complex conditions, wellness and more.Click to view a previewand subscribe below. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Mittelschmerz? | Mittelschmerz occurs during ovulation, when the follicle ruptures and releases its egg. Some women have mittelschmerz every month; others have it only occasionally.
The exact cause of mittelschmerz is unknown, but possible reasons for the pain include these:
• Just before an egg is released with ovulation, follicle g... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Mittelschmerz? | Mittelschmerz has no clear risk factors. But it may be more likely to happen between the ages of 15 and 25. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Mittelschmerz? | Mittelschmerz doesn't lead to other health conditions, also called complications. The pain goes away on its own, or with medicine or home remedies. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What is the prevention of Mittelschmerz? | Mittelschmerz can't be prevented. It's linked with natural changes in the body that happen during the menstrual cycle. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Molar pregnancy? | A molar pregnancy is a rare complication of pregnancy. It involves unusual growth of cells called trophoblasts. These cells typically become the organ that feeds a growing fetus. That organ also is known as the placenta.
There are two types of molar pregnancy — complete molar pregnancy and partial molar pregnancy. In ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Molar pregnancy? | A molar pregnancy may seem like a regular pregnancy at first. But most molar pregnancies cause symptoms that can include:
• Dark brown to bright red bleeding from the vagina during the first three months
• Severe nausea and vomiting
• Sometimes grapelike cysts that pass from the vagina
• Pelvic pressure or pain
Be... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Molar pregnancy? | An egg fertilized atypically causes a molar pregnancy. Human cells usually have 23 pairs of chromosomes. In a typical fertilization, one chromosome in each pair comes from the father, the other from the mother.
In a complete molar pregnancy, one or two sperm fertilize an egg. The chromosomes from the mother's egg are ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Molar pregnancy? | Factors that can contribute to a molar pregnancy include:
• Earlier molar pregnancy.If you've had one molar pregnancy, you're more likely to have another. A repeat molar pregnancy happens, on average, in 1 out of every 100 people.
• Age of the mother.A molar pregnancy is more likely in people older than age 43 or you... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Molar pregnancy? | After removing a molar pregnancy, molar tissue might remain and continue to grow. This is called persistent gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN).GTNhappens more often in complete molar pregnancies than it does in partial molar pregnancies.
One sign of persistentGTNis a high level of human chorionic gonadotropin (... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What is the prevention of Molar pregnancy? | If you've had a molar pregnancy, talk to your pregnancy care provider before trying to get pregnant again. You might want to wait six months to one year. The risk of having another molar pregnancy is low, but it's higher once you've had a molar pregnancy.
During future pregnancies, a care provider may do early ultraso... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Moles? | Moles, also known as nevi, are a common type of skin growth. They often appear as small, dark brown spots that are caused by clusters of pigment-forming cells called melanocytes. Most people have 10 to 45 moles that appear during childhood and the teenage years. How these moles look may change over time. They also may ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Moles? | The typical mole is a small brown spot. But moles come in different colors, shapes and sizes:
• Color and texture.Moles can be brown, tan, black, blue, red or pink. They can be smooth, wrinkled, flat or raised. They may have hair growing from them.
• Shape.Most moles are oval or round.
• Size.Moles are typically les... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Moles? | Moles are caused when cells in the skin called melanocytes grow in clusters. Melanocytes generally are distributed throughout the skin. They produce melanin, the natural pigment that gives skin its color. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Moles? | Melanoma is the main complication of moles. Some people have an above-average risk of their moles becoming cancerous and leading to melanoma. Factors that raise melanoma risk include:
• Being born with large moles.These type of moles are called congenital nevi. They are subclassified based on their estimated adult siz... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What is the prevention of Moles? | The following measures can help limit the growth of moles and the main complication of moles: melanoma. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS)? | Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a condition in which an atypical protein is found in the blood. The protein is called monoclonal protein or M protein.
This protein is made in the soft, blood-producing tissue in the center of bones. This blood-producing tissue is bone marrow. Monoclonal gam... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS)? | People with monoclonal gammopathy often don't have symptoms. Some people have a rash or nerve problems, such as numbness or tingling. A blood test for another condition might findMGUSby chance. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS)? | Experts don't know what causesMGUS. Changes in genes and being around certain chemicals, such as those used to kill pests, appear to play a role. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS)? | Factors that increase your risk of developingMGUSinclude:
• Age.The average age at diagnosis is 70 years.
• Race.Africans and Black Americans are more likely to getMGUSthan white people are.
• Sex.MGUSis more common in men.
• Family history.Having family members withMGUSmight increase the risk. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the complications of Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS)? | Each year, about 1% of people withMGUSget certain types of blood cancers or other serious diseases, such as:
• Multiple myeloma.
• Light chain amyloidosis.
• Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia.
• Lymphoma.
Other issues linked toMGUSinclude broken bones, blood clots, kidney problems, and damage to nerves outside of the ... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Mood disorders? | Mood disorders, such as depression and bipolar disorder, affect people emotionally. If you have depression, you may constantly feel sad. You also may be anxious. If you have bipolar disorder, you'll likely have extreme mood swings. Your feelings may range from being very sad, empty or cranky to being very happy — going... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the symptoms of Mood disorders? | Symptoms depend on the type of mood disorder. | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the causes of Mood disorders? | Mood disorders are caused by traits passed down to you, as well as environmental factors and life events. Environmental factors can include, for example, childhood experiences and stressful life events. Some prescription drugs, such as corticosteroids and medicines for Parkinson's disease, and street drugs also can cau... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the risk factors of Mood disorders? | Risk factors include life experiences and stressful life events that increase the risk of certain types of mood disorders.
Mood disorders may occur along with neurological disorders. These are conditions that affect the brain and the nervous system. For example, depression is common among people with multiple sclerosi... | local_scraped |
Please answer the question as a medical doctor. | What are the Overview of Morning sickness? | Morning sickness is feeling like throwing up, also called nausea, and throwing up, also called vomiting, that occurs during pregnancy. Despite its name, morning sickness can strike at any time of the day or night.
Many people have morning sickness, especially during the first three months of pregnancy. But some people... | local_scraped |
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