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def save_state(self, state, state_id=None): """ Save a state to storage, return identifier. :param state: The state to save :param int state_id: If not None force the state id potentially overwriting old states :return: New state id :rtype: int """ assert isinstance(state, StateBase) if state_id is None: state_id = self._get_id() else: self.rm_state(state_id) self._store.save_state(state, f'{self._prefix}{state_id:08x}{self._suffix}') return state_id
def _named_stream(self, name, binary=False): """ Create an indexed output stream i.e. 'test_00000001.name' :param name: Identifier for the stream :return: A context-managed stream-like object """ with self._store.save_stream(self._named_key(name), binary=binary) as s: yield s
def t_UINTN(t): r"uint(?P<size>256|248|240|232|224|216|208|200|192|184|176|168|160|152|144|136|128|120|112|104|96|88|80|72|64|56|48|40|32|24|16|8)" size = int(t.lexer.lexmatch.group('size')) t.value = ('uint', size) return t
def t_INTN(t): r"int(?P<size>256|248|240|232|224|216|208|200|192|184|176|168|160|152|144|136|128|120|112|104|96|88|80|72|64|56|48|40|32|24|16|8)" size = int(t.lexer.lexmatch.group('size')) t.value = ('int', size) return t
def t_UFIXEDMN(t): r"ufixed(?P<M>256|248|240|232|224|216|208|200|192|184|176|168|160|152|144|136|128|120|112|104|96|88|80|72|64|56|48|40|32|24|16|8)x(?P<N>80|79|78|77|76|75|74|73|72|71|70|69|68|67|66|65|64|63|62|61|60|59|58|57|56|55|54|53|52|51|50|49|48|47|46|45|44|43|42|41|40|39|38|37|36|35|34|33|32|31|30|29|28|27|26|25|24|23|22|21|20|19|18|17|16|15|14|13|12|11|10|9|8|7|6|5|4|3|2|1)" M = int(t.lexer.lexmatch.group('M')) N = int(t.lexer.lexmatch.group('N')) t.value = ("ufixed", M, N) return t
def t_BYTESM(t): r"bytes(?P<nbytes>32|31|30|29|28|27|26|25|24|23|22|21|20|19|18|17|16|15|14|13|12|11|10|9|8|7|6|5|4|3|2|1)" size = int(t.lexer.lexmatch.group('nbytes')) t.value = ('bytesM', size) return t
def p_dynamic_fixed_type(p): """ T : T LBRAKET NUMBER RBRAKET """ reps = int(p[3]) base_type = p[1] p[0] = ('array', reps, base_type)
def cmp_regs(cpu, should_print=False): """ Compare registers from a remote gdb session to current mcore. :param manticore.core.cpu Cpu: Current cpu :param bool should_print: Whether to print values to stdout :return: Whether or not any differences were detected :rtype: bool """ differing = False gdb_regs = gdb.getCanonicalRegisters() for name in sorted(gdb_regs): vg = gdb_regs[name] if name.endswith('psr'): name = 'apsr' v = cpu.read_register(name.upper()) if should_print: logger.debug(f'{name} gdb:{vg:x} mcore:{v:x}') if vg != v: if should_print: logger.warning('^^ unequal') differing = True if differing: logger.debug(qemu.correspond(None)) return differing
def post_mcore(state, last_instruction): """ Handle syscalls (import memory) and bail if we diverge """ global in_helper # Synchronize qemu state to manticore's after a system call if last_instruction.mnemonic.lower() == 'svc': # Synchronize all writes that have happened writes = state.cpu.memory.pop_record_writes() if writes: logger.debug("Got %d writes", len(writes)) for addr, val in writes: gdb.setByte(addr, val[0]) # Write return val to gdb gdb_r0 = gdb.getR('R0') if gdb_r0 != state.cpu.R0: logger.debug(f"Writing 0x{state.cpu.R0:x} to R0 (overwriting 0x{gdb.getR('R0'):x})") for reg in state.cpu.canonical_registers: if reg.endswith('PSR') or reg in ('R15', 'PC'): continue val = state.cpu.read_register(reg) gdb.setR(reg, val) # Ignore Linux kernel helpers if (state.cpu.PC >> 16) == 0xffff: in_helper = True return # If we executed a few instructions of a helper, we need to sync Manticore's # state to GDB as soon as we stop executing a helper. if in_helper: for reg in state.cpu.canonical_registers: if reg.endswith('PSR'): continue # Don't sync pc if reg == 'R15': continue gdb.setR(reg, state.cpu.read_register(reg)) in_helper = False if cmp_regs(state.cpu): cmp_regs(state.cpu, should_print=True) state.abandon()
def sync_svc(state): """ Mirror some service calls in manticore. Happens after qemu executed a SVC instruction, but before manticore did. """ syscall = state.cpu.R7 # Grab idx from manticore since qemu could have exited name = linux_syscalls.armv7[syscall] logger.debug(f"Syncing syscall: {name}") try: # Make sure mmap returns the same address if 'mmap' in name: returned = gdb.getR('R0') logger.debug(f"Syncing mmap ({returned:x})") state.cpu.write_register('R0', returned) if 'exit' in name: return except ValueError: for reg in state.cpu.canonical_registers: print(f'{reg}: {state.cpu.read_register(reg):x}') raise
def initialize(state): """ Synchronize the stack and register state (manticore->qemu) """ logger.debug(f"Copying {stack_top - state.cpu.SP} bytes in the stack..") stack_bottom = min(state.cpu.SP, gdb.getR('SP')) for address in range(stack_bottom, stack_top): b = state.cpu.read_int(address, 8) gdb.setByte(address, chr(b)) logger.debug("Done") # Qemu fd's start at 5, ours at 3. Add two filler fds mcore_stdout = state.platform.files[1] state.platform.files.append(mcore_stdout) state.platform.files.append(mcore_stdout) # Sync gdb's regs for gdb_reg in gdb.getCanonicalRegisters(): if gdb_reg.endswith('psr'): mcore_reg = 'APSR' else: mcore_reg = gdb_reg.upper() value = state.cpu.read_register(mcore_reg) gdb.setR(gdb_reg, value)
def to_constant(expression): """ Iff the expression can be simplified to a Constant get the actual concrete value. This discards/ignore any taint """ value = simplify(expression) if isinstance(value, Expression) and value.taint: raise ValueError("Can not simplify tainted values to constant") if isinstance(value, Constant): return value.value elif isinstance(value, Array): if expression.index_max: ba = bytearray() for i in range(expression.index_max): value_i = simplify(value[i]) if not isinstance(value_i, Constant): break ba.append(value_i.value) else: return bytes(ba) return expression return value
def visit(self, node, use_fixed_point=False): """ The entry point of the visitor. The exploration algorithm is a DFS post-order traversal The implementation used two stacks instead of a recursion The final result is store in self.result :param node: Node to explore :type node: Expression :param use_fixed_point: if True, it runs _methods until a fixed point is found :type use_fixed_point: Bool """ cache = self._cache visited = set() stack = [] stack.append(node) while stack: node = stack.pop() if node in cache: self.push(cache[node]) elif isinstance(node, Operation): if node in visited: operands = [self.pop() for _ in range(len(node.operands))] value = self._method(node, *operands) visited.remove(node) self.push(value) cache[node] = value else: visited.add(node) stack.append(node) stack.extend(node.operands) else: self.push(self._method(node)) if use_fixed_point: old_value = None new_value = self.pop() while old_value is not new_value: self.visit(new_value) old_value = new_value new_value = self.pop() self.push(new_value)
def _method(self, expression, *args): """ Overload Visitor._method because we want to stop to iterate over the visit_ functions as soon as a valid visit_ function is found """ assert expression.__class__.__mro__[-1] is object for cls in expression.__class__.__mro__: sort = cls.__name__ methodname = 'visit_%s' % sort method = getattr(self, methodname, None) if method is not None: method(expression, *args) return return
def visit_Operation(self, expression, *operands): """ constant folding, if all operands of an expression are a Constant do the math """ operation = self.operations.get(type(expression), None) if operation is not None and \ all(isinstance(o, Constant) for o in operands): value = operation(*(x.value for x in operands)) if isinstance(expression, BitVec): return BitVecConstant(expression.size, value, taint=expression.taint) else: isinstance(expression, Bool) return BoolConstant(value, taint=expression.taint) else: if any(operands[i] is not expression.operands[i] for i in range(len(operands))): expression = self._rebuild(expression, operands) return expression
def visit_Operation(self, expression, *operands): """ constant folding, if all operands of an expression are a Constant do the math """ if all(isinstance(o, Constant) for o in operands): expression = constant_folder(expression) if self._changed(expression, operands): expression = self._rebuild(expression, operands) return expression
def visit_BitVecConcat(self, expression, *operands): """ concat( extract(k1, 0, a), extract(sizeof(a)-k1, k1, a)) ==> a concat( extract(k1, beg, a), extract(end, k1, a)) ==> extract(beg, end, a) """ op = expression.operands[0] value = None end = None begining = None for o in operands: # If found a non BitVecExtract, do not apply if not isinstance(o, BitVecExtract): return None # Set the value for the first item if value is None: value = o.value begining = o.begining end = o.end else: # If concat of extracts of different values do not apply if value is not o.value: return None # If concat of non contiguous extracs do not apply if begining != o.end + 1: return None # update begining variable begining = o.begining if value is not None: if end + 1 == value.size and begining == 0: return value else: return BitVecExtract(value, begining, end - begining + 1, taint=expression.taint)
def visit_BitVecExtract(self, expression, *operands): """ extract(sizeof(a), 0)(a) ==> a extract(16, 0)( concat(a,b,c,d) ) => concat(c, d) extract(m,M)(and/or/xor a b ) => and/or/xor((extract(m,M) a) (extract(m,M) a) """ op = expression.operands[0] begining = expression.begining end = expression.end size = end - begining + 1 # extract(sizeof(a), 0)(a) ==> a if begining == 0 and end + 1 == op.size: return op elif isinstance(op, BitVecExtract): return BitVecExtract(op.value, op.begining + begining, size, taint=expression.taint) elif isinstance(op, BitVecConcat): new_operands = [] bitcount = 0 for item in reversed(op.operands): if begining >= item.size: begining -= item.size else: if bitcount < expression.size: new_operands.append(item) bitcount += item.size if begining != expression.begining: return BitVecExtract(BitVecConcat(sum([x.size for x in new_operands]), *reversed(new_operands)), begining, expression.size, taint=expression.taint) if isinstance(op, (BitVecAnd, BitVecOr, BitVecXor)): bitoperand_a, bitoperand_b = op.operands return op.__class__(BitVecExtract(bitoperand_a, begining, expression.size), BitVecExtract(bitoperand_b, begining, expression.size), taint=expression.taint)
def visit_BitVecAdd(self, expression, *operands): """ a + 0 ==> a 0 + a ==> a """ left = expression.operands[0] right = expression.operands[1] if isinstance(right, BitVecConstant): if right.value == 0: return left if isinstance(left, BitVecConstant): if left.value == 0: return right
def visit_BitVecSub(self, expression, *operands): """ a - 0 ==> 0 (a + b) - b ==> a (b + a) - b ==> a """ left = expression.operands[0] right = expression.operands[1] if isinstance(left, BitVecAdd): if self._same_constant(left.operands[0], right): return left.operands[1] elif self._same_constant(left.operands[1], right): return left.operands[0]
def visit_BitVecOr(self, expression, *operands): """ a | 0 => a 0 | a => a 0xffffffff & a => 0xffffffff a & 0xffffffff => 0xffffffff """ left = expression.operands[0] right = expression.operands[1] if isinstance(right, BitVecConstant): if right.value == 0: return left elif right.value == left.mask: return right elif isinstance(left, BitVecOr): left_left = left.operands[0] left_right = left.operands[1] if isinstance(right, Constant): return BitVecOr(left_left, (left_right | right), taint=expression.taint) elif isinstance(left, BitVecConstant): return BitVecOr(right, left, taint=expression.taint)
def visit_BitVecAnd(self, expression, *operands): """ ct & x => x & ct move constants to the right a & 0 => 0 remove zero a & 0xffffffff => a remove full mask (b & ct2) & ct => b & (ct&ct2) associative property (a & (b | c) => a&b | a&c distribute over | """ left = expression.operands[0] right = expression.operands[1] if isinstance(right, BitVecConstant): if right.value == 0: return right elif right.value == right.mask: return left elif isinstance(left, BitVecAnd): left_left = left.operands[0] left_right = left.operands[1] if isinstance(right, Constant): return BitVecAnd(left_left, left_right & right, taint=expression.taint) elif isinstance(left, BitVecOr): left_left = left.operands[0] left_right = left.operands[1] return BitVecOr(right & left_left, right & left_right, taint=expression.taint) elif isinstance(left, BitVecConstant): return BitVecAnd(right, left, taint=expression.taint)
def visit_BitVecShiftLeft(self, expression, *operands): """ a << 0 => a remove zero a << ct => 0 if ct > sizeof(a) remove big constant shift """ left = expression.operands[0] right = expression.operands[1] if isinstance(right, BitVecConstant): if right.value == 0: return left elif right.value >= right.size: return left
def visit_ArraySelect(self, expression, *operands): """ ArraySelect (ArrayStore((ArrayStore(x0,v0) ...),xn, vn), x0) -> v0 """ arr, index = operands if isinstance(arr, ArrayVariable): return if isinstance(index, BitVecConstant): ival = index.value # props are slow and using them in tight loops should be avoided, esp when they offer no additional validation # arr._operands[1] = arr.index, arr._operands[0] = arr.array while isinstance(arr, ArrayStore) and isinstance(arr._operands[1], BitVecConstant) and arr._operands[1]._value != ival: arr = arr._operands[0] # arr.array if isinstance(index, BitVecConstant) and isinstance(arr, ArrayStore) and isinstance(arr.index, BitVecConstant) and arr.index.value == index.value: return arr.value else: if arr is not expression.array: return arr.select(index)
def _type_size(ty): """ Calculate `static` type size """ if ty[0] in ('int', 'uint', 'bytesM', 'function'): return 32 elif ty[0] in ('tuple'): result = 0 for ty_i in ty[1]: result += ABI._type_size(ty_i) return result elif ty[0] in ('array'): rep = ty[1] result = 32 # offset link return result elif ty[0] in ('bytes', 'string'): result = 32 # offset link return result raise ValueError
def function_call(type_spec, *args): """ Build transaction data from function signature and arguments """ m = re.match(r"(?P<name>[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*)(?P<type>\(.*\))", type_spec) if not m: raise EthereumError("Function signature expected") ABI._check_and_warn_num_args(type_spec, *args) result = ABI.function_selector(type_spec) # Funcid result += ABI.serialize(m.group('type'), *args) return result
def serialize(ty, *values, **kwargs): """ Serialize value using type specification in ty. ABI.serialize('int256', 1000) ABI.serialize('(int, int256)', 1000, 2000) """ try: parsed_ty = abitypes.parse(ty) except Exception as e: # Catch and rebrand parsing errors raise EthereumError(str(e)) if parsed_ty[0] != 'tuple': if len(values) > 1: raise ValueError('too many values passed for non-tuple') values = values[0] if isinstance(values, str): values = values.encode() else: # implement type forgiveness for bytesM/string types # allow python strs also to be used for Solidity bytesM/string types values = tuple(val.encode() if isinstance(val, str) else val for val in values) result, dyn_result = ABI._serialize(parsed_ty, values) return result + dyn_result
def function_selector(method_name_and_signature): """ Makes a function hash id from a method signature """ s = sha3.keccak_256() s.update(method_name_and_signature.encode()) return bytes(s.digest()[:4])
def _serialize_uint(value, size=32, padding=0): """ Translates a python integral or a BitVec into a 32 byte string, MSB first """ if size <= 0 or size > 32: raise ValueError from .account import EVMAccount # because of circular import if not isinstance(value, (int, BitVec, EVMAccount)): raise ValueError if issymbolic(value): # FIXME This temporary array variable should be obtained from a specific constraint store bytes = ArrayVariable(index_bits=256, index_max=32, value_bits=8, name='temp{}'.format(uuid.uuid1())) if value.size <= size * 8: value = Operators.ZEXTEND(value, size * 8) else: # automatically truncate, e.g. if they passed a BitVec(256) for an `address` argument (160 bits) value = Operators.EXTRACT(value, 0, size * 8) bytes = ArrayProxy(bytes.write_BE(padding, value, size)) else: value = int(value) bytes = bytearray() for _ in range(padding): bytes.append(0) for position in reversed(range(size)): bytes.append(Operators.EXTRACT(value, position * 8, 8)) assert len(bytes) == size + padding return bytes
def _serialize_int(value, size=32, padding=0): """ Translates a signed python integral or a BitVec into a 32 byte string, MSB first """ if size <= 0 or size > 32: raise ValueError if not isinstance(value, (int, BitVec)): raise ValueError if issymbolic(value): buf = ArrayVariable(index_bits=256, index_max=32, value_bits=8, name='temp{}'.format(uuid.uuid1())) value = Operators.SEXTEND(value, value.size, size * 8) buf = ArrayProxy(buf.write_BE(padding, value, size)) else: value = int(value) buf = bytearray() for _ in range(padding): buf.append(0) for position in reversed(range(size)): buf.append(Operators.EXTRACT(value, position * 8, 8)) return buf
def _deserialize_uint(data, nbytes=32, padding=0, offset=0): """ Read a `nbytes` bytes long big endian unsigned integer from `data` starting at `offset` :param data: sliceable buffer; symbolic buffer of Eth ABI encoded data :param nbytes: number of bytes to read starting from least significant byte :rtype: int or Expression """ assert isinstance(data, (bytearray, Array)) value = ABI._readBE(data, nbytes, padding=True, offset=offset) value = Operators.ZEXTEND(value, (nbytes + padding) * 8) return value
def _deserialize_int(data, nbytes=32, padding=0): """ Read a `nbytes` bytes long big endian signed integer from `data` starting at `offset` :param data: sliceable buffer; symbolic buffer of Eth ABI encoded data :param nbytes: number of bytes to read starting from least significant byte :rtype: int or Expression """ assert isinstance(data, (bytearray, Array)) value = ABI._readBE(data, nbytes, padding=True) value = Operators.SEXTEND(value, nbytes * 8, (nbytes + padding) * 8) if not issymbolic(value): # sign bit on if value & (1 << (nbytes * 8 - 1)): value = -(((~value) + 1) & ((1 << (nbytes * 8)) - 1)) return value
def concretized_args(**policies): """ Make sure an EVM instruction has all of its arguments concretized according to provided policies. Example decoration: @concretized_args(size='ONE', address='') def LOG(self, address, size, *topics): ... The above will make sure that the |size| parameter to LOG is Concretized when symbolic according to the 'ONE' policy and concretize |address| with the default policy. :param policies: A kwargs list of argument names and their respective policies. Provide None or '' as policy to use default. :return: A function decorator """ def concretizer(func): @wraps(func) def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): spec = inspect.getfullargspec(func) for arg, policy in policies.items(): assert arg in spec.args, "Concretizer argument not found in wrapped function." # index is 0-indexed, but ConcretizeArgument is 1-indexed. However, this is correct # since implementation method is always a bound method (self is param 0) index = spec.args.index(arg) if not issymbolic(args[index]): continue if not policy: policy = 'SAMPLED' if policy == "ACCOUNTS": value = args[index] world = args[0].world #special handler for EVM only policy cond = world._constraint_to_accounts(value, ty='both', include_zero=True) world.constraints.add(cond) policy = 'ALL' raise ConcretizeArgument(index, policy=policy) return func(*args, **kwargs) wrapper.__signature__ = inspect.signature(func) return wrapper return concretizer
def to_dict(self, mevm): """ Only meant to be used with concrete Transaction objects! (after calling .concretize()) """ return dict(type=self.sort, from_address=self.caller, from_name=mevm.account_name(self.caller), to_address=self.address, to_name=mevm.account_name(self.address), value=self.value, gas=self.gas, data=binascii.hexlify(self.data).decode())
def dump(self, stream, state, mevm, conc_tx=None): """ Concretize and write a human readable version of the transaction into the stream. Used during testcase generation. :param stream: Output stream to write to. Typically a file. :param manticore.ethereum.State state: state that the tx exists in :param manticore.ethereum.ManticoreEVM mevm: manticore instance :return: """ from ..ethereum import ABI # circular imports from ..ethereum.manticore import flagged is_something_symbolic = False if conc_tx is None: conc_tx = self.concretize(state) # The result if any RETURN or REVERT stream.write("Type: %s (%d)\n" % (self.sort, self.depth)) caller_solution = conc_tx.caller caller_name = mevm.account_name(caller_solution) stream.write("From: %s(0x%x) %s\n" % (caller_name, caller_solution, flagged(issymbolic(self.caller)))) address_solution = conc_tx.address address_name = mevm.account_name(address_solution) stream.write("To: %s(0x%x) %s\n" % (address_name, address_solution, flagged(issymbolic(self.address)))) stream.write("Value: %d %s\n" % (conc_tx.value, flagged(issymbolic(self.value)))) stream.write("Gas used: %d %s\n" % (conc_tx.gas, flagged(issymbolic(self.gas)))) tx_data = conc_tx.data stream.write("Data: 0x{} {}\n".format(binascii.hexlify(tx_data).decode(), flagged(issymbolic(self.data)))) if self.return_data is not None: return_data = conc_tx.return_data stream.write("Return_data: 0x{} {}\n".format(binascii.hexlify(return_data).decode(), flagged(issymbolic(self.return_data)))) metadata = mevm.get_metadata(self.address) if self.sort == 'CREATE': if metadata is not None: conc_args_data = conc_tx.data[len(metadata._init_bytecode):] arguments = ABI.deserialize(metadata.get_constructor_arguments(), conc_args_data) # TODO confirm: arguments should all be concrete? is_argument_symbolic = any(map(issymbolic, arguments)) # is this redundant since arguments are all concrete? stream.write('Function call:\n') stream.write("Constructor(") stream.write(','.join(map(repr, map(state.solve_one, arguments)))) # is this redundant since arguments are all concrete? stream.write(') -> %s %s\n' % (self.result, flagged(is_argument_symbolic))) if self.sort == 'CALL': if metadata is not None: calldata = conc_tx.data is_calldata_symbolic = issymbolic(self.data) function_id = calldata[:4] # hope there is enough data signature = metadata.get_func_signature(function_id) function_name = metadata.get_func_name(function_id) if signature: _, arguments = ABI.deserialize(signature, calldata) else: arguments = (calldata,) return_data = None if self.result == 'RETURN': ret_types = metadata.get_func_return_types(function_id) return_data = conc_tx.return_data return_values = ABI.deserialize(ret_types, return_data) # function return is_return_symbolic = issymbolic(self.return_data) stream.write('\n') stream.write("Function call:\n") stream.write("%s(" % function_name) stream.write(','.join(map(repr, arguments))) stream.write(') -> %s %s\n' % (self.result, flagged(is_calldata_symbolic))) if return_data is not None: if len(return_values) == 1: return_values = return_values[0] stream.write('return: %r %s\n' % (return_values, flagged(is_return_symbolic))) is_something_symbolic = is_calldata_symbolic or is_return_symbolic stream.write('\n\n') return is_something_symbolic
def _get_memfee(self, address, size=1): """ This calculates the amount of extra gas needed for accessing to previously unused memory. :param address: base memory offset :param size: size of the memory access """ if not issymbolic(size) and size == 0: return 0 address = self.safe_add(address, size) allocated = self.allocated GMEMORY = 3 GQUADRATICMEMDENOM = 512 # 1 gas per 512 quadwords old_size = Operators.ZEXTEND(Operators.UDIV(self.safe_add(allocated, 31), 32), 512) new_size = Operators.ZEXTEND(Operators.UDIV(self.safe_add(address, 31), 32), 512) old_totalfee = self.safe_mul(old_size, GMEMORY) + Operators.UDIV(self.safe_mul(old_size, old_size), GQUADRATICMEMDENOM) new_totalfee = self.safe_mul(new_size, GMEMORY) + Operators.UDIV(self.safe_mul(new_size, new_size), GQUADRATICMEMDENOM) memfee = new_totalfee - old_totalfee flag = Operators.UGT(new_totalfee, old_totalfee) return Operators.ITEBV(512, size == 0, 0, Operators.ITEBV(512, flag, memfee, 0))
def read_code(self, address, size=1): """ Read size byte from bytecode. If less than size bytes are available result will be pad with \x00 """ assert address < len(self.bytecode) value = self.bytecode[address:address + size] if len(value) < size: value += '\x00' * (size - len(value)) # pad with null (spec) return value
def instruction(self): """ Current instruction pointed by self.pc """ # FIXME check if pc points to invalid instruction # if self.pc >= len(self.bytecode): # return InvalidOpcode('Code out of range') # if self.pc in self.invalid: # raise InvalidOpcode('Opcode inside a PUSH immediate') try: _decoding_cache = getattr(self, '_decoding_cache') except Exception: _decoding_cache = self._decoding_cache = {} pc = self.pc if isinstance(pc, Constant): pc = pc.value if pc in _decoding_cache: return _decoding_cache[pc] def getcode(): bytecode = self.bytecode for pc_i in range(pc, len(bytecode)): yield simplify(bytecode[pc_i]).value while True: yield 0 instruction = EVMAsm.disassemble_one(getcode(), pc=pc, fork=DEFAULT_FORK) _decoding_cache[pc] = instruction return instruction
def _push(self, value): """ Push into the stack ITEM0 ITEM1 ITEM2 sp-> {empty} """ assert isinstance(value, int) or isinstance(value, BitVec) and value.size == 256 if len(self.stack) >= 1024: raise StackOverflow() if isinstance(value, int): value = value & TT256M1 value = simplify(value) if isinstance(value, Constant) and not value.taint: value = value.value self.stack.append(value)
def _top(self, n=0): """Read a value from the top of the stack without removing it""" if len(self.stack) - n < 0: raise StackUnderflow() return self.stack[n - 1]
def _checkpoint(self): """Save and/or get a state checkpoint previous to current instruction""" #Fixme[felipe] add a with self.disabled_events context mangr to Eventful if self._checkpoint_data is None: if not self._published_pre_instruction_events: self._published_pre_instruction_events = True self._publish('will_decode_instruction', self.pc) self._publish('will_execute_instruction', self.pc, self.instruction) self._publish('will_evm_execute_instruction', self.instruction, self._top_arguments()) pc = self.pc instruction = self.instruction old_gas = self.gas allocated = self._allocated #FIXME Not clear which exception should trigger first. OOG or insuficient stack # this could raise an insuficient stack exception arguments = self._pop_arguments() fee = self._calculate_gas(*arguments) self._checkpoint_data = (pc, old_gas, instruction, arguments, fee, allocated) return self._checkpoint_data
def _rollback(self): """Revert the stack, gas, pc and memory allocation so it looks like before executing the instruction""" last_pc, last_gas, last_instruction, last_arguments, fee, allocated = self._checkpoint_data self._push_arguments(last_arguments) self._gas = last_gas self._pc = last_pc self._allocated = allocated self._checkpoint_data = None
def _check_jmpdest(self): """ If the previous instruction was a JUMP/JUMPI and the conditional was True, this checks that the current instruction must be a JUMPDEST. Here, if symbolic, the conditional `self._check_jumpdest` would be already constrained to a single concrete value. """ should_check_jumpdest = self._check_jumpdest if issymbolic(should_check_jumpdest): should_check_jumpdest_solutions = solver.get_all_values(self.constraints, should_check_jumpdest) if len(should_check_jumpdest_solutions) != 1: raise EthereumError("Conditional not concretized at JMPDEST check") should_check_jumpdest = should_check_jumpdest_solutions[0] if should_check_jumpdest: self._check_jumpdest = False pc = self.pc.value if isinstance(self.pc, Constant) else self.pc if pc not in self._valid_jumpdests: raise InvalidOpcode()
def _store(self, offset, value, size=1): """Stores value in memory as a big endian""" self.memory.write_BE(offset, value, size) for i in range(size): self._publish('did_evm_write_memory', offset + i, Operators.EXTRACT(value, (size - i - 1) * 8, 8))
def DIV(self, a, b): """Integer division operation""" try: result = Operators.UDIV(a, b) except ZeroDivisionError: result = 0 return Operators.ITEBV(256, b == 0, 0, result)
def SDIV(self, a, b): """Signed integer division operation (truncated)""" s0, s1 = to_signed(a), to_signed(b) try: result = (Operators.ABS(s0) // Operators.ABS(s1) * Operators.ITEBV(256, (s0 < 0) != (s1 < 0), -1, 1)) except ZeroDivisionError: result = 0 result = Operators.ITEBV(256, b == 0, 0, result) if not issymbolic(result): result = to_signed(result) return result
def MOD(self, a, b): """Modulo remainder operation""" try: result = Operators.ITEBV(256, b == 0, 0, a % b) except ZeroDivisionError: result = 0 return result
def SMOD(self, a, b): """Signed modulo remainder operation""" s0, s1 = to_signed(a), to_signed(b) sign = Operators.ITEBV(256, s0 < 0, -1, 1) try: result = (Operators.ABS(s0) % Operators.ABS(s1)) * sign except ZeroDivisionError: result = 0 return Operators.ITEBV(256, s1 == 0, 0, result)
def ADDMOD(self, a, b, c): """Modulo addition operation""" try: result = Operators.ITEBV(256, c == 0, 0, (a + b) % c) except ZeroDivisionError: result = 0 return result
def EXP_gas(self, base, exponent): """Calculate extra gas fee""" EXP_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS = 10 # cost of EXP exponent per byte def nbytes(e): result = 0 for i in range(32): result = Operators.ITEBV(512, Operators.EXTRACT(e, i * 8, 8) != 0, i + 1, result) return result return EXP_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS * nbytes(exponent)
def SIGNEXTEND(self, size, value): """Extend length of two's complement signed integer""" # FIXME maybe use Operators.SEXTEND testbit = Operators.ITEBV(256, size <= 31, size * 8 + 7, 257) result1 = (value | (TT256 - (1 << testbit))) result2 = (value & ((1 << testbit) - 1)) result = Operators.ITEBV(256, (value & (1 << testbit)) != 0, result1, result2) return Operators.ITEBV(256, size <= 31, result, value)
def LT(self, a, b): """Less-than comparison""" return Operators.ITEBV(256, Operators.ULT(a, b), 1, 0)
def GT(self, a, b): """Greater-than comparison""" return Operators.ITEBV(256, Operators.UGT(a, b), 1, 0)
def SGT(self, a, b): """Signed greater-than comparison""" # http://gavwood.com/paper.pdf s0, s1 = to_signed(a), to_signed(b) return Operators.ITEBV(256, s0 > s1, 1, 0)
def BYTE(self, offset, value): """Retrieve single byte from word""" offset = Operators.ITEBV(256, offset < 32, (31 - offset) * 8, 256) return Operators.ZEXTEND(Operators.EXTRACT(value, offset, 8), 256)
def SHA3(self, start, size): """Compute Keccak-256 hash""" # read memory from start to end # http://gavwood.com/paper.pdf data = self.try_simplify_to_constant(self.read_buffer(start, size)) if issymbolic(data): known_sha3 = {} # Broadcast the signal self._publish('on_symbolic_sha3', data, known_sha3) # This updates the local copy of sha3 with the pairs we need to explore value = 0 # never used known_hashes_cond = False for key, hsh in known_sha3.items(): assert not issymbolic(key), "Saved sha3 data,hash pairs should be concrete" cond = key == data known_hashes_cond = Operators.OR(cond, known_hashes_cond) value = Operators.ITEBV(256, cond, hsh, value) return value value = sha3.keccak_256(data).hexdigest() value = int(value, 16) self._publish('on_concrete_sha3', data, value) logger.info("Found a concrete SHA3 example %r -> %x", data, value) return value
def CALLDATALOAD(self, offset): """Get input data of current environment""" if issymbolic(offset): if solver.can_be_true(self._constraints, offset == self._used_calldata_size): self.constraints.add(offset == self._used_calldata_size) raise ConcretizeArgument(1, policy='SAMPLED') self._use_calldata(offset, 32) data_length = len(self.data) bytes = [] for i in range(32): try: c = Operators.ITEBV(8, offset + i < data_length, self.data[offset + i], 0) except IndexError: # offset + i is concrete and outside data c = 0 bytes.append(c) return Operators.CONCAT(256, *bytes)
def CALLDATACOPY(self, mem_offset, data_offset, size): """Copy input data in current environment to memory""" if issymbolic(size): if solver.can_be_true(self._constraints, size <= len(self.data) + 32): self.constraints.add(size <= len(self.data) + 32) raise ConcretizeArgument(3, policy='SAMPLED') if issymbolic(data_offset): if solver.can_be_true(self._constraints, data_offset == self._used_calldata_size): self.constraints.add(data_offset == self._used_calldata_size) raise ConcretizeArgument(2, policy='SAMPLED') #account for calldata usage self._use_calldata(data_offset, size) self._allocate(mem_offset, size) for i in range(size): try: c = Operators.ITEBV(8, data_offset + i < len(self.data), Operators.ORD(self.data[data_offset + i]), 0) except IndexError: # data_offset + i is concrete and outside data c = 0 self._store(mem_offset + i, c)
def CODECOPY(self, mem_offset, code_offset, size): """Copy code running in current environment to memory""" self._allocate(mem_offset, size) GCOPY = 3 # cost to copy one 32 byte word copyfee = self.safe_mul(GCOPY, Operators.UDIV(self.safe_add(size, 31), 32)) self._consume(copyfee) if issymbolic(size): max_size = solver.max(self.constraints, size) else: max_size = size for i in range(max_size): if issymbolic(i < size): default = Operators.ITEBV(8, i < size, 0, self._load(mem_offset + i, 1)) # Fixme. unnecessary memory read else: if i < size: default = 0 else: default = self._load(mem_offset + i, 1) if issymbolic(code_offset): value = Operators.ITEBV(8, code_offset + i >= len(self.bytecode), default, self.bytecode[code_offset + i]) else: if code_offset + i >= len(self.bytecode): value = default else: value = self.bytecode[code_offset + i] self._store(mem_offset + i, value) self._publish('did_evm_read_code', code_offset, size)
def EXTCODECOPY(self, account, address, offset, size): """Copy an account's code to memory""" extbytecode = self.world.get_code(account) self._allocate(address + size) for i in range(size): if offset + i < len(extbytecode): self._store(address + i, extbytecode[offset + i]) else: self._store(address + i, 0)
def MLOAD(self, address): """Load word from memory""" self._allocate(address, 32) value = self._load(address, 32) return value
def MSTORE(self, address, value): """Save word to memory""" if istainted(self.pc): for taint in get_taints(self.pc): value = taint_with(value, taint) self._allocate(address, 32) self._store(address, value, 32)
def MSTORE8(self, address, value): """Save byte to memory""" if istainted(self.pc): for taint in get_taints(self.pc): value = taint_with(value, taint) self._allocate(address, 1) self._store(address, Operators.EXTRACT(value, 0, 8), 1)
def SLOAD(self, offset): """Load word from storage""" storage_address = self.address self._publish('will_evm_read_storage', storage_address, offset) value = self.world.get_storage_data(storage_address, offset) self._publish('did_evm_read_storage', storage_address, offset, value) return value
def SSTORE(self, offset, value): """Save word to storage""" storage_address = self.address self._publish('will_evm_write_storage', storage_address, offset, value) #refund = Operators.ITEBV(256, # previous_value != 0, # Operators.ITEBV(256, value != 0, 0, GSTORAGEREFUND), # 0) if istainted(self.pc): for taint in get_taints(self.pc): value = taint_with(value, taint) self.world.set_storage_data(storage_address, offset, value) self._publish('did_evm_write_storage', storage_address, offset, value)
def JUMPI(self, dest, cond): """Conditionally alter the program counter""" self.pc = Operators.ITEBV(256, cond != 0, dest, self.pc + self.instruction.size) #This set ups a check for JMPDEST in the next instruction if cond != 0 self._set_check_jmpdest(cond != 0)
def SWAP(self, *operands): """Exchange 1st and 2nd stack items""" a = operands[0] b = operands[-1] return (b,) + operands[1:-1] + (a,)
def CREATE(self, value, offset, size): """Create a new account with associated code""" address = self.world.create_account(address=EVMWorld.calculate_new_address(sender=self.address, nonce=self.world.get_nonce(self.address))) self.world.start_transaction('CREATE', address, data=self.read_buffer(offset, size), caller=self.address, value=value, gas=self.gas) raise StartTx()
def CREATE(self, value, offset, size): """Create a new account with associated code""" tx = self.world.last_transaction # At this point last and current tx are the same. address = tx.address if tx.result == 'RETURN': self.world.set_code(tx.address, tx.return_data) else: self.world.delete_account(address) address = 0 return address
def CALLCODE(self, gas, _ignored_, value, in_offset, in_size, out_offset, out_size): """Message-call into this account with alternative account's code""" self.world.start_transaction('CALLCODE', address=self.address, data=self.read_buffer(in_offset, in_size), caller=self.address, value=value, gas=gas) raise StartTx()
def RETURN(self, offset, size): """Halt execution returning output data""" data = self.read_buffer(offset, size) raise EndTx('RETURN', data)
def SELFDESTRUCT(self, recipient): """Halt execution and register account for later deletion""" #This may create a user account recipient = Operators.EXTRACT(recipient, 0, 160) address = self.address #FIXME for on the known addresses if issymbolic(recipient): logger.info("Symbolic recipient on self destruct") recipient = solver.get_value(self.constraints, recipient) if recipient not in self.world: self.world.create_account(address=recipient) self.world.send_funds(address, recipient, self.world.get_balance(address)) self.world.delete_account(address) raise EndTx('SELFDESTRUCT')
def human_transactions(self): """Completed human transaction""" txs = [] for tx in self.transactions: if tx.depth == 0: txs.append(tx) return tuple(txs)
def current_vm(self): """current vm""" try: _, _, _, _, vm = self._callstack[-1] return vm except IndexError: return None
def current_transaction(self): """current tx""" try: tx, _, _, _, _ = self._callstack[-1] if tx.result is not None: #That tx finished. No current tx. return None return tx except IndexError: return None
def current_human_transaction(self): """Current ongoing human transaction""" try: tx, _, _, _, _ = self._callstack[0] if tx.result is not None: #That tx finished. No current tx. return None assert tx.depth == 0 return tx except IndexError: return None
def get_storage_data(self, storage_address, offset): """ Read a value from a storage slot on the specified account :param storage_address: an account address :param offset: the storage slot to use. :type offset: int or BitVec :return: the value :rtype: int or BitVec """ value = self._world_state[storage_address]['storage'].get(offset, 0) return simplify(value)
def set_storage_data(self, storage_address, offset, value): """ Writes a value to a storage slot in specified account :param storage_address: an account address :param offset: the storage slot to use. :type offset: int or BitVec :param value: the value to write :type value: int or BitVec """ self._world_state[storage_address]['storage'][offset] = value
def get_storage_items(self, address): """ Gets all items in an account storage :param address: account address :return: all items in account storage. items are tuple of (index, value). value can be symbolic :rtype: list[(storage_index, storage_value)] """ storage = self._world_state[address]['storage'] items = [] array = storage.array while not isinstance(array, ArrayVariable): items.append((array.index, array.value)) array = array.array return items
def has_storage(self, address): """ True if something has been written to the storage. Note that if a slot has been erased from the storage this function may lose any meaning. """ storage = self._world_state[address]['storage'] array = storage.array while not isinstance(array, ArrayVariable): if isinstance(array, ArrayStore): return True array = array.array return False
def block_hash(self, block_number=None, force_recent=True): """ Calculates a block's hash :param block_number: the block number for which to calculate the hash, defaulting to the most recent block :param force_recent: if True (the default) return zero for any block that is in the future or older than 256 blocks :return: the block hash """ if block_number is None: block_number = self.block_number() - 1 # We are not maintaining an actual -block-chain- so we just generate # some hashes for each virtual block value = sha3.keccak_256((repr(block_number) + 'NONCE').encode()).hexdigest() value = int(value, 16) if force_recent: # 0 is left on the stack if the looked for block number is greater or equal # than the current block number or more than 256 blocks behind the current # block. (Current block hash is unknown from inside the tx) bnmax = Operators.ITEBV(256, self.block_number() > 256, 256, self.block_number()) value = Operators.ITEBV(256, Operators.OR(block_number >= self.block_number(), block_number < bnmax), 0, value) return value
def new_address(self, sender=None, nonce=None): """Create a fresh 160bit address""" if sender is not None and nonce is None: nonce = self.get_nonce(sender) new_address = self.calculate_new_address(sender, nonce) if sender is None and new_address in self: return self.new_address(sender, nonce) return new_address
def create_account(self, address=None, balance=0, code=None, storage=None, nonce=None): """ Low level account creation. No transaction is done. :param address: the address of the account, if known. If omitted, a new address will be generated as closely to the Yellow Paper as possible. :param balance: the initial balance of the account in Wei :param code: the runtime code of the account, if a contract :param storage: storage array :param nonce: the nonce for the account; contracts should have a nonce greater than or equal to 1 """ if code is None: code = bytes() else: if not isinstance(code, (bytes, Array)): raise EthereumError('Wrong code type') # nonce default to initial nonce if nonce is None: # As per EIP 161, contract accounts are initialized with a nonce of 1 nonce = 1 if code else 0 if address is None: address = self.new_address() if not isinstance(address, int): raise EthereumError('You must provide an address') if address in self.accounts: # FIXME account may have been created via selfdestruct destination # or CALL and may contain some ether already, though if it was a # selfdestructed address, it can not be reused raise EthereumError('The account already exists') if storage is None: # Uninitialized values in a storage are 0 by spec storage = self.constraints.new_array(index_bits=256, value_bits=256, name=f'STORAGE_{address:x}', avoid_collisions=True, default=0) else: if isinstance(storage, ArrayProxy): if storage.index_bits != 256 or storage.value_bits != 256: raise TypeError("An ArrayProxy 256bits -> 256bits is needed") else: if any((k < 0 or k >= 1 << 256 for k, v in storage.items())): raise TypeError("Need a dict like object that maps 256 bits keys to 256 bits values") # Hopefully here we have a mapping from 256b to 256b self._world_state[address] = {} self._world_state[address]['nonce'] = nonce self._world_state[address]['balance'] = balance self._world_state[address]['storage'] = storage self._world_state[address]['code'] = code # adds hash of new address data = binascii.unhexlify('{:064x}{:064x}'.format(address, 0)) value = sha3.keccak_256(data).hexdigest() value = int(value, 16) self._publish('on_concrete_sha3', data, value) return address
def create_contract(self, price=0, address=None, caller=None, balance=0, init=None, gas=None): """ Create a contract account. Sends a transaction to initialize the contract :param address: the address of the new account, if known. If omitted, a new address will be generated as closely to the Yellow Paper as possible. :param balance: the initial balance of the account in Wei :param init: the initialization code of the contract The way that the Solidity compiler expects the constructor arguments to be passed is by appending the arguments to the byte code produced by the Solidity compiler. The arguments are formatted as defined in the Ethereum ABI2. The arguments are then copied from the init byte array to the EVM memory through the CODECOPY opcode with appropriate values on the stack. This is done when the byte code in the init byte array is actually run on the network. """ expected_address = self.create_account(self.new_address(sender=caller)) if address is None: address = expected_address elif caller is not None and address != expected_address: raise EthereumError(f"Error: contract created from address {hex(caller)} with nonce {self.get_nonce(caller)} was expected to be at address {hex(expected_address)}, but create_contract was called with address={hex(address)}") self.start_transaction('CREATE', address, price, init, caller, balance, gas=gas) self._process_pending_transaction() return address
def start_transaction(self, sort, address, price=None, data=None, caller=None, value=0, gas=2300): """ Initiate a transaction :param sort: the type of transaction. CREATE or CALL or DELEGATECALL :param address: the address of the account which owns the code that is executing. :param price: the price of gas in the transaction that originated this execution. :param data: the byte array that is the input data to this execution :param caller: the address of the account which caused the code to be executing. A 160-bit code used for identifying Accounts :param value: the value, in Wei, passed to this account as part of the same procedure as execution. One Ether is defined as being 10**18 Wei. :param bytecode: the byte array that is the machine code to be executed. :param gas: gas budget for this transaction. """ assert self._pending_transaction is None, "Already started tx" self._pending_transaction = PendingTransaction(sort, address, price, data, caller, value, gas)
def _get_expand_imm_carry(self, carryIn): """Manually compute the carry bit produced by expanding an immediate operand (see ARMExpandImm_C)""" insn = struct.unpack('<I', self.cpu.instruction.bytes)[0] unrotated = insn & Mask(8) shift = Operators.EXTRACT(insn, 8, 4) _, carry = self.cpu._shift(unrotated, cs.arm.ARM_SFT_ROR, 2 * shift, carryIn) return carry
def _write_APSR(self, apsr): """Auxiliary function - Writes flags from a full APSR (only 4 msb used)""" V = Operators.EXTRACT(apsr, 28, 1) C = Operators.EXTRACT(apsr, 29, 1) Z = Operators.EXTRACT(apsr, 30, 1) N = Operators.EXTRACT(apsr, 31, 1) self.write('APSR_V', V) self.write('APSR_C', C) self.write('APSR_Z', Z) self.write('APSR_N', N)
def _swap_mode(self): """Toggle between ARM and Thumb mode""" assert self.mode in (cs.CS_MODE_ARM, cs.CS_MODE_THUMB) if self.mode == cs.CS_MODE_ARM: self.mode = cs.CS_MODE_THUMB else: self.mode = cs.CS_MODE_ARM
def set_flags(self, **flags): """ Note: For any unmodified flags, update _last_flags with the most recent committed value. Otherwise, for example, this could happen: overflow=0 instr1 computes overflow=1, updates _last_flags, doesn't commit instr2 updates all flags in _last_flags except overflow (overflow remains 1 in _last_flags) instr2 commits all in _last_flags now overflow=1 even though it should still be 0 """ unupdated_flags = self._last_flags.keys() - flags.keys() for flag in unupdated_flags: flag_name = f'APSR_{flag}' self._last_flags[flag] = self.regfile.read(flag_name) self._last_flags.update(flags)
def _shift(cpu, value, _type, amount, carry): """See Shift() and Shift_C() in the ARM manual""" assert(cs.arm.ARM_SFT_INVALID < _type <= cs.arm.ARM_SFT_RRX_REG) # XXX: Capstone should set the value of an RRX shift to 1, which is # asserted in the manual, but it sets it to 0, so we have to check if _type in (cs.arm.ARM_SFT_RRX, cs.arm.ARM_SFT_RRX_REG) and amount != 1: amount = 1 elif _type in range(cs.arm.ARM_SFT_ASR_REG, cs.arm.ARM_SFT_RRX_REG + 1): if cpu.mode == cs.CS_MODE_THUMB: src = amount.read() else: src_reg = cpu.instruction.reg_name(amount).upper() src = cpu.regfile.read(src_reg) amount = Operators.EXTRACT(src, 0, 8) if amount == 0: return value, carry width = cpu.address_bit_size if _type in (cs.arm.ARM_SFT_ASR, cs.arm.ARM_SFT_ASR_REG): return ASR_C(value, amount, width) elif _type in (cs.arm.ARM_SFT_LSL, cs.arm.ARM_SFT_LSL_REG): return LSL_C(value, amount, width) elif _type in (cs.arm.ARM_SFT_LSR, cs.arm.ARM_SFT_LSR_REG): return LSR_C(value, amount, width) elif _type in (cs.arm.ARM_SFT_ROR, cs.arm.ARM_SFT_ROR_REG): return ROR_C(value, amount, width) elif _type in (cs.arm.ARM_SFT_RRX, cs.arm.ARM_SFT_RRX_REG): return RRX_C(value, carry, width) raise NotImplementedError("Bad shift value")
def MOV(cpu, dest, src): """ Implement the MOV{S} instruction. Note: If src operand is PC, temporarily release our logical PC view and conform to the spec, which dictates PC = curr instr + 8 :param Armv7Operand dest: The destination operand; register. :param Armv7Operand src: The source operand; register or immediate. """ if cpu.mode == cs.CS_MODE_ARM: result, carry_out = src.read(with_carry=True) dest.write(result) cpu.set_flags(C=carry_out, N=HighBit(result), Z=(result == 0)) else: # thumb mode cannot do wonky things to the operand, so no carry calculation result = src.read() dest.write(result) cpu.set_flags(N=HighBit(result), Z=(result == 0))
def MOVT(cpu, dest, src): """ MOVT writes imm16 to Rd[31:16]. The write does not affect Rd[15:0]. :param Armv7Operand dest: The destination operand; register :param Armv7Operand src: The source operand; 16-bit immediate """ assert src.type == 'immediate' imm = src.read() low_halfword = dest.read() & Mask(16) dest.write((imm << 16) | low_halfword)
def MRC(cpu, coprocessor, opcode1, dest, coprocessor_reg_n, coprocessor_reg_m, opcode2): """ MRC moves to ARM register from coprocessor. :param Armv7Operand coprocessor: The name of the coprocessor; immediate :param Armv7Operand opcode1: coprocessor specific opcode; 3-bit immediate :param Armv7Operand dest: the destination operand: register :param Armv7Operand coprocessor_reg_n: the coprocessor register; immediate :param Armv7Operand coprocessor_reg_m: the coprocessor register; immediate :param Armv7Operand opcode2: coprocessor specific opcode; 3-bit immediate """ assert coprocessor.type == 'coprocessor' assert opcode1.type == 'immediate' assert opcode2.type == 'immediate' assert dest.type == 'register' imm_coprocessor = coprocessor.read() imm_opcode1 = opcode1.read() imm_opcode2 = opcode2.read() coprocessor_n_name = coprocessor_reg_n.read() coprocessor_m_name = coprocessor_reg_m.read() if 15 == imm_coprocessor: # MMU if 0 == imm_opcode1: if 13 == coprocessor_n_name: if 3 == imm_opcode2: dest.write(cpu.regfile.read('P15_C13')) return raise NotImplementedError("MRC: unimplemented combination of coprocessor, opcode, and coprocessor register")
def LDRD(cpu, dest1, dest2, src, offset=None): """Loads double width data from memory.""" assert dest1.type == 'register' assert dest2.type == 'register' assert src.type == 'memory' mem1 = cpu.read_int(src.address(), 32) mem2 = cpu.read_int(src.address() + 4, 32) writeback = cpu._compute_writeback(src, offset) dest1.write(mem1) dest2.write(mem2) cpu._cs_hack_ldr_str_writeback(src, offset, writeback)
def STRD(cpu, src1, src2, dest, offset=None): """Writes the contents of two registers to memory.""" assert src1.type == 'register' assert src2.type == 'register' assert dest.type == 'memory' val1 = src1.read() val2 = src2.read() writeback = cpu._compute_writeback(dest, offset) cpu.write_int(dest.address(), val1, 32) cpu.write_int(dest.address() + 4, val2, 32) cpu._cs_hack_ldr_str_writeback(dest, offset, writeback)
def LDREX(cpu, dest, src, offset=None): """ LDREX loads data from memory. * If the physical address has the shared TLB attribute, LDREX tags the physical address as exclusive access for the current processor, and clears any exclusive access tag for this processor for any other physical address. * Otherwise, it tags the fact that the executing processor has an outstanding tagged physical address. :param Armv7Operand dest: the destination register; register :param Armv7Operand src: the source operand: register """ # TODO: add lock mechanism to underlying memory --GR, 2017-06-06 cpu._LDR(dest, src, 32, False, offset)
def STREX(cpu, status, *args): """ STREX performs a conditional store to memory. :param Armv7Operand status: the destination register for the returned status; register """ # TODO: implement conditional return with appropriate status --GR, 2017-06-06 status.write(0) return cpu._STR(cpu.address_bit_size, *args)
def _UXT(cpu, dest, src, src_width): """ Helper for UXT* family of instructions. :param ARMv7Operand dest: the destination register; register :param ARMv7Operand dest: the source register; register :param int src_width: bits to consider of the src operand """ val = GetNBits(src.read(), src_width) word = Operators.ZEXTEND(val, cpu.address_bit_size) dest.write(word)
def ADR(cpu, dest, src): """ Address to Register adds an immediate value to the PC value, and writes the result to the destination register. :param ARMv7Operand dest: Specifies the destination register. :param ARMv7Operand src: Specifies the label of an instruction or literal data item whose address is to be loaded into <Rd>. The assembler calculates the required value of the offset from the Align(PC,4) value of the ADR instruction to this label. """ aligned_pc = (cpu.instruction.address + 4) & 0xfffffffc dest.write(aligned_pc + src.read())
def ADDW(cpu, dest, src, add): """ This instruction adds an immediate value to a register value, and writes the result to the destination register. It doesn't update the condition flags. :param ARMv7Operand dest: Specifies the destination register. If omitted, this register is the same as src. :param ARMv7Operand src: Specifies the register that contains the first operand. If the SP is specified for dest, see ADD (SP plus immediate). If the PC is specified for dest, see ADR. :param ARMv7Operand add: Specifies the immediate value to be added to the value obtained from src. The range of allowed values is 0-4095. """ aligned_pc = (cpu.instruction.address + 4) & 0xfffffffc if src.type == 'register' and src.reg in ('PC', 'R15'): src = aligned_pc else: src = src.read() dest.write(src + add.read())