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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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Fanconi Anemia ( FA ) is a genomic instability syndrome resulting in aplastic anemia , developmental abnormalities , and predisposition to hematological and other solid organ malignancies . Mutations in genes that encode proteins of the FA pathway fail to orchestrate the repair of DNA damage caused by DNA interstrand c... | Deficiencies in repair of DNA damage can cause diseases such as Fanconi anemia ( FA ) , which is characterized by birth defects , bone marrow failure , anemia , leukemia and other cancers . A set of proteins constitute the FA pathway and together orchestrate the DNA repair process . Inactivation of one or more gene ( s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"reverse",
"transcriptase-polymerase",
"chain",
"reaction",
"fish",
"gene",
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"vertebrates",
"animals",
"alleles",
"animal",
"models",
"osteichthyes",
"developmental",
"biology",
"mutation",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"molecular",... | 2018 | Multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of 19 Fanconi anemia pathway genes in zebrafish revealed their roles in growth, sexual development and fertility |
Bruton’s tyrosine kinase ( Btk ) is a Tec family non-receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a critical role in immune signaling and is associated with the immunological disorder X-linked agammaglobulinemia ( XLA ) . Our previous findings showed that the Tec kinases are allosterically activated by the adjacent N-terminal l... | Bruton’s tyrosine kinase ( Btk ) belongs to the Tec family of protein tyrosine kinases , and plays a crucial role in the signaling pathway in B-cells . Alteration of Btk activity results in the serious immunological disorder , X-linked agammaglobulinemia . Btk is a multi-domain protein and the activity of the kinase do... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
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] | [
"allosteric",
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"crystal",
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"physics",
"enzymology",
"organic",
"compounds",
"mutation",
"network",
"analysis",
"amino",
"acids",
"crystallography",
"enzyme",... | 2016 | Dynamic Allostery Mediated by a Conserved Tryptophan in the Tec Family Kinases |
Fas-associated factor 1 is a death-promoting protein that induces apoptosis by interacting with the Fas receptor . Until now , FAF1 was reported to interact potentially with diverse proteins and to function as a negative and/or positive regulator of several cellular possesses . However , the role of FAF1 in defense aga... | Phagocytic NADPH oxidase plays a pivotal role in generating reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) and in defense against bacterial infections such as L . monocytogenes . ROS eliminate phagocytosed bacteria directly and are implicated in transduction of signals that mediate inflammatory responses . Here , we show that the apo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"innate",
"immune",
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"immune",
"physiology",
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"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"cytokines",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"gene",
"regulation",
"pathogens",
"immun... | 2019 | Fas-associated factor 1 mediates NADPH oxidase-induced reactive oxygen species production and proinflammatory responses in macrophages against Listeria infection |
Tripartite motif ( TRIM ) proteins belong to a large family with many roles in host biology , including restricting virus infection . Here , we found that TRIM2 , which has been implicated in cases of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease ( CMTD ) in humans , acts by blocking hemorrhagic fever New World arenavirus ( NWA ) entry ... | New World arenaviruses ( NWAs ) are rodent-transmitted viruses that cause high mortality when they evolve the ability to infect humans . Although these clade B pathogenic viruses are known to bind to transferrin receptor 1 and other receptors on the cell surface , the steps leading to their entry into the cell are not ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
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] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"phosphorylation",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"gene",
"regulation",
"immunology",
"cell",
"processes",
"fibroblasts",
"fluorescence-activated",
"cell",
"sorting",
"immunoprecipitation",
"connective",
"tissue",
"cells",
"r... | 2019 | TRIM2, a novel member of the antiviral family, limits New World arenavirus entry |
Dengue virus ( DENV ) is the most important vector-borne virus globally . The safe and effective vaccines are still under development and there are no antiviral drugs for DENV induced diseases . In this study , we obtained five DENV1 isolates ( DENV1 A to E ) from the outbreak of dengue fever in 2014 of Guangzhou , Chi... | Dengue is the most important vector-borne viral infection that endangers an estimated 2 . 5 billion people globally . The recently licensed dengue vaccine has major weaknesses and there are no antiviral drugs for the treatment of dengue related diseases . Identifying the virulence determinants is important for understa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"dengue",
"virus",
"medicine",
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"health",
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"laboratory",
"medicine",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"enzymes",
"pathogens",
"293t",
"cells",
"biological",
"cultures",
"microbiology",
"enzymology",
"viruses",
"mutation",... | 2019 | Virulence difference of five type I dengue viruses and the intrinsic molecular mechanism |
Sri Lanka was acknowledged to have eliminated lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) as a public health problem in 2016 , largely due to its success in Mass Drug Administration ( MDA ) to interrupt disease transmission . Analysis of the Strengths , Weaknesses , Opportunities and Threats ( SWOT ) of the national Morbidity Manageme... | Lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) is a tropical disease causing swelling of limbs ( lymphoedema , elephantiasis ) and male genitalia ( hydrocele ) . It is a disabling and deforming disease caused by parasitic worms transmitted by mosquitoes . The Sri Lankan Anti Filariasis Campaign was successful in reducing LF transmission ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"geographical",
"locations",
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"parasitic",
"diseases",
"surgical",
"and",
"invasive",
"medical",
"procedures",
"health",
"care",
"filariasis",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"disease",
"... | 2018 | Morbidity management and disability prevention for lymphatic filariasis in Sri Lanka: Current status and future prospects |
Natural selection favors the evolution of brains that can capture fitness-relevant features of the environment's causal structure . We investigated the evolution of small , adaptive logic-gate networks ( “animats” ) in task environments where falling blocks of different sizes have to be caught or avoided in a ‘Tetris-l... | The capacity to integrate information is a prominent feature of biological brains and has been related to cognitive flexibility as well as consciousness . To investigate how environment complexity affects the capacity for information integration , we simulated the evolution of artificial organisms ( “animats” ) control... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"computer",
"and",
"information",
"sciences",
"neural",
"networks",
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"analysis",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"evolutionary",
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"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"computational",
"biology",
"neuroscience",
"artificial",
"neural",
"networks"
] | 2014 | Evolution of Integrated Causal Structures in Animats Exposed to Environments of Increasing Complexity |
Burkina Faso belongs to a group of countries in which human African trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) , caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense , is no longer considered to be a public health problem . Although no native cases have been detected since 1993 , there is still the risk of HAT re-emergence due to significant populatio... | In 2012 , the roadmap for the Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases ( NTD ) of the World Health Organization ( WHO ) included human African trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) to be eliminated as a public health problem by 2020 . To reach this ambitious objective in Burkina Faso , where the vector ( and consequently a risk of HAT... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Method",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"african",
"trypanosomiasis",
"nervous",
"system",
"sociology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"social",
"sciences",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"anim... | 2018 | Description of the first sleeping sickness case diagnosed in Burkina Faso since two decades |
Multiple sclerosis ( MS ) is an autoimmune disease with high prevalence among populations of northern European ancestry . Past studies have shown that exposure to ultraviolet radiation could explain the difference in MS prevalence across the globe . In this study , we investigate whether the difference in MS prevalence... | Multiple sclerosis ( MS ) is an autoimmune disease that is mostly found in populations with northern European ancestry . Our study investigates whether there is evidence that the difference in MS prevalence around the globe could be explained by European MS genetic risk factors in African Americans , Hispanics , or Asi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"multiple",
"sclerosis",
"hispanic",
"people",
"neurodegenerative",
"diseases",
"statistics",
"immunology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"ethnicities",
"demyelinating",
"disorders",
"clinical",
"medicine",
"math... | 2019 | Admixture mapping reveals evidence of differential multiple sclerosis risk by genetic ancestry |
Mucosa-associated invariant T ( MAIT ) cells represent a large innate-like evolutionarily conserved antimicrobial T-cell subset in humans . MAIT cells recognize microbial riboflavin metabolites from a range of microbes presented by MR1 molecules . MAIT cells are impaired in several chronic diseases including HIV-1 infe... | The mucosa-associated invariant T ( MAIT ) cells recognize antigens that are byproducts of the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway shared by many microbes . These antigens are presented by the MHC class I-like MR1 molecules and trigger rapid activation of MAIT cells in an innate-like fashion with deployment of effector mec... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Arming of MAIT Cell Cytolytic Antimicrobial Activity Is Induced by IL-7 and Defective in HIV-1 Infection |
Cells from all kingdoms of life produce extracellular vesicles ( EVs ) . Their cargo is protected from the environment by the surrounding lipid bilayer . EVs from many organisms have been shown to function in cell–cell communication , relaying signals that impact metazoan development , microbial quorum sensing , and pa... | Candida albicans—the most common fungal pathogen in humans—often grows as a biofilm , resulting in an infection that is difficult to treat . These adherent communities tolerate extraordinarily high concentrations of antifungals due in large part to the protective extracellular matrix . The present study identifies extr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"biofilms",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"vesicles",
"extracellular",
"matrix",
"composition",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"biological",
"cultures",
"microbiology",
"fungi",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"pharmacology",
... | 2018 | Candida albicans biofilm–induced vesicles confer drug resistance through matrix biogenesis |
The diffusible signal factors ( DSFs ) are a family of quorum-sensing autoinducers ( AIs ) produced and detected by numerous gram-negative bacteria . The DSF family AIs are fatty acids , differing in their acyl chain length , branching , and substitution but having in common a cis-2 double bond that is required for the... | Communication between many species of gram-negative bacteria is mediated by a family of cell–cell signaling autoinducers ( AIs ) known as the diffusible signal factors ( DSFs ) . DSFs are fatty acids , containing a signature cis-2 double bond critical for their activity . The DSFs differ from one another by their acyl ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
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] | [
"biofilms",
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"laboratory",
"medicine",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"monomers",
"pathogens",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"microbiology",
"organic",
"compounds",
"crystallography",
"bacte... | 2019 | Structural basis of DSF recognition by its receptor RpfR and its regulatory interaction with the DSF synthase RpfF |
DNA torsional stress is generated by virtually all biomolecular processes involving the double helix , in particular transcription where a significant level of stress propagates over several kilobases . If another promoter is located in this range , this stress may strongly modify its opening properties , and hence fac... | During the transcription process , the genetic sequence encoded in the DNA molecule is expressed by an enzymatic complex . This process is often considered as independent for each gene , despite numerous reported cases of one transcribed gene perturbing a neighbor gene's expression , which is then regarded as a side-ef... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Models"
] | [
"classical",
"mechanics",
"gene",
"regulation",
"dna",
"transcription",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"thermodynamics",
"chromatin",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"gene",
"expression",
"biophysics",
"theory",
"biophysics",
"physics",
"systems",
"biology",
"biochemistry",
"cell",
"b... | 2014 | Torsion-Mediated Interaction between Adjacent Genes |
Predictions about the fate of species or populations under climate change scenarios typically neglect adaptive evolution and phenotypic plasticity , the two major mechanisms by which organisms can adapt to changing local conditions . As a consequence , we have little understanding of the scope for organisms to track ch... | Predictions about the effect of climate change on organisms often ignore the possibility that organisms can evolve , or that they have an inbuilt capacity to cope with changing conditions . In order to understand the potential for existing populations to adapt to climate change , and the relative risks of extinction , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"ecology",
"ecology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"global",
"change",
"ecology",
"biology",
"population",
"ecology",
"biodiversity",
"behavioral",
"ecology"
] | 2013 | Quantitative Assessment of the Importance of Phenotypic Plasticity in Adaptation to Climate Change in Wild Bird Populations |
Synonymous constraint elements ( SCEs ) are protein-coding genomic regions with very low synonymous mutation rates believed to carry additional , overlapping functions . Thousands of such potentially multi-functional elements were recently discovered by analyzing the levels and patterns of evolutionary conservation in ... | Certain genomic regions code for multiple , overlapping functionalities that can be detected by analyzing the levels and patterns of their evolutionary conservation . The redundant nature of the genetic code facilitates the appearance of such multi-functional gene regions through evolution . At many of these sites the ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"genome",
"complexity",
"genome",
"evolution",
"bioinformatics",
"database",
"and",
"informatics",
"methods",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"comparative",
"genomics",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"comput... | 2014 | Synonymous Constraint Elements Show a Tendency to Encode Intrinsically Disordered Protein Segments |
Mycobacteria of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex ( MTBC ) greatly impact human and animal health worldwide . The mycobacterial life cycle is complex , and the mechanisms resulting in pathogen infection and survival in host cells are not fully understood . Eurasian wild boar ( Sus scrofa ) are natural reservoir ho... | Mycobacteria of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex ( MTBC ) are zoonotic pathogens representing a serious health problem for humans and animals worldwide . The life cycle of mycobacteria is complex , and the mechanisms resulting in pathogen infection and survival in host cells are not fully understood . Eurasian wi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"animal",
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"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
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"tropical",
"diseases",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"lymph",
"nodes",
"lymphatic",
"system",
"bacteria",
"immune",
"system",
"proteins",... | 2016 | Comparative Proteomics Identifies Host Immune System Proteins Affected by Infection with Mycobacterium bovis |
All gammaherpesviruses express homologues of antiapoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 ( BCL-2 ) to counter the clearance of infected cells by host antiviral defense machineries . To gain insights into the action mechanisms of these viral BCL-2 proteins , we carried out structural and biochemical analyses on the interactions of ... | In higher animals , defective or surplus cells are removed by a process known as apoptosis . On the other hand , defective or damaged cellular components are removed by a process known as autophagy . These two destructive processes are indispensable for the survival and development of an organism . While apoptosis is k... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"viruses",
"biochemistry",
"cell",
"biology",
"virology",
"in",
"vitro"
] | 2008 | Structural and Biochemical Bases for the Inhibition of Autophagy and Apoptosis by Viral BCL-2 of Murine γ-Herpesvirus 68 |
Precise temporal coordination of gene expression is crucial for many developmental processes . One central question in developmental biology is how such coordinated expression patterns are robustly controlled . During embryonic development of the Drosophila central nervous system , neural stem cells called neuroblasts ... | Cell fate specification is of key importance in the development of multicellular organisms . To specify various cell fates correctly , genetic networks precisely coordinate spatial and temporal gene expression patterns during various developmental stages . One central question in developmental biology is to elucidate t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
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] | [
"cell",
"biology/gene",
"expression",
"computational",
"biology/transcriptional",
"regulation",
"developmental",
"biology/pattern",
"formation",
"developmental",
"biology/cell",
"differentiation",
"developmental",
"biology/neurodevelopment",
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biolo... | 2010 | Robustness under Functional Constraint: The Genetic Network for Temporal Expression in Drosophila Neurogenesis |
Human genetic diversity in the Pacific has not been adequately sampled , particularly in Melanesia . As a result , population relationships there have been open to debate . A genome scan of autosomal markers ( 687 microsatellites and 203 insertions/deletions ) on 952 individuals from 41 Pacific populations now provides... | The origins and current genetic relationships of Pacific Islanders have been the subjects of interest and controversy for many decades . By analyzing the variation of a large number ( 687 ) of genetic markers in almost 1 , 000 individuals from 41 Pacific populations , and comparing these with East Asians and others , w... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"homo",
"(human)",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2008 | The Genetic Structure of Pacific Islanders |
The hTREX complex mediates cellular bulk mRNA nuclear export by recruiting the nuclear export factor , TAP , via a direct interaction with the export adaptor , Aly . Intriguingly however , depletion of Aly only leads to a modest reduction in cellular mRNA nuclear export , suggesting the existence of additional mRNA nuc... | Herpesviruses hijack cellular components to enhance viral gene expression . This is particularly important for the efficient nuclear export of herpesvirus intronless mRNAs to allow the production of viral proteins . We have previously demonstrated that Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus encodes a conserved protein... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology"
] | 2011 | An Interaction between KSHV ORF57 and UIF Provides mRNA-Adaptor Redundancy in Herpesvirus Intronless mRNA Export |
Dengue virus ( DV ) infection is the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral disease and its manifestation has been shown to be contributed in part by the host immune responses . In this study , pathogen recognition receptors , Toll-like receptor ( TLR ) 2 and TLR6 were found to be up-regulated in DV-infected human PBMC us... | Despite the prevalence of dengue virus infection and the heavy economic burden it puts on the endemic countries , the immunopathogenesis of dengue virus infection remains unclear . Plasma leakage in dengue hemorrhagic fever ( DHF ) develops not when the viremia is at its peak in infected patients but when viremia has b... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Activation of TLR2 and TLR6 by Dengue NS1 Protein and Its Implications in the Immunopathogenesis of Dengue Virus Infection |
Mouse early transposon insertions are responsible for ∼10% of spontaneous mutant phenotypes . We previously reported the phenotypes and genetic mapping of Polypodia , ( Ppd ) , a spontaneous , X-linked dominant mutation with profound effects on body plan morphogenesis . Our new data shows that mutant mice are not born ... | Mobile genetic elements , particularly early transposons ( ETn ) , cause malformations by inserting within genes leading to disruption of exons , splicing or polyadenylation . Few mutagenic early transposon insertions have been found outside genes and the effects of such insertions on surrounding gene regulation is poo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | A Novel Intergenic ETnII-β Insertion Mutation Causes Multiple Malformations in Polypodia Mice |
Several conditions associated with reduced gastric acid secretion confer an altered risk of developing a gastric malignancy . Helicobacter pylori-induced atrophic gastritis predisposes to gastric adenocarcinoma , autoimmune atrophic gastritis is a precursor of type I gastric neuroendocrine tumours , whereas proton pump... | Different conditions such as autoimmune atrophic gastritis and Helicobacter pylori associated atrophic gastritis are associated with different types of gastric cancer , specifically neuroendocrine tumours and adenocarcinoma . Both conditions result in reduced gastric acid secretion , potentially allowing non-H . pylori... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"gastrin",
"microbiome",
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"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"atrophy",
"microbiology",
"hormones",
"histology",
"helicobacter",
"signs",
"and",
"symptoms",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology",
"stomach",... | 2017 | Comparison of the human gastric microbiota in hypochlorhydric states arising as a result of Helicobacter pylori-induced atrophic gastritis, autoimmune atrophic gastritis and proton pump inhibitor use |
Despite half-a-century of research since the seminal work of Hubel and Wiesel , the role of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus ( dLGN ) in shaping the visual signals is not properly understood . Placed on route from retina to primary visual cortex in the early visual pathway , a striking feature of the dLGN circuit ... | The functional role of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus ( dLGN ) , placed on route from retina to primary visual cortex in the early visual pathway , is still poorly understood . A striking feature of the dLGN circuit is that dLGN cells not only receive feedforward input from the retina , but also a prominent feed... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"action",
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"technology",
"nervous",
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"processing",
"membrane",
"potential",
"brain",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"network",
"analysis",
"nerve",
"fibers",
"computer",
... | 2018 | Biophysical network modeling of the dLGN circuit: Effects of cortical feedback on spatial response properties of relay cells |
Abscission is the final event of cytokinesis that leads to the physical separation of the two daughter cells . Recent technical advances have allowed a better understanding of the cellular and molecular events leading to abscission in isolated yeast or mammalian cells . However , how abscission is regulated in differen... | Abscission is the final step of cytokinesis which allows the physical separation of sister cells through the scission of a thin cytoplasmic bridge that links them at the end of mitosis . The duration of abscission varies depending on cell types , indicating that the event is developmentally regulated . Recently , we ha... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Abscission Is Regulated by the ESCRT-III Protein Shrub in Drosophila Germline Stem Cells |
The native-like , soluble SOSIP . 664 trimer based on the BG505 clade A env gene of HIV-1 is immunogenic in various animal species , of which the most studied are rabbits and rhesus macaques . The trimer induces autologous neutralizing antibodies ( NAbs ) consistently but at a wide range of titers and with incompletely... | A protective vaccine would constitute a breakthrough in efforts to curb the global spread of HIV . Such a vaccine should induce antibodies inhibiting infection by most strains of the virus that circulate worldwide . Engineered SOSIP trimer mimics of the envelope glycoprotein on the surface of HIV particles , which medi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
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"microbial",
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"physiology",
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"and",
"laboratory",
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"immunology",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"rabbits",
"animals",
"mammals",
"retroviruses",
"primates",
"animal",
"models... | 2018 | Epitopes for neutralizing antibodies induced by HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein BG505 SOSIP trimers in rabbits and macaques |
Human neurotransmitter transporters are found in the nervous system terminating synaptic signals by rapid removal of neurotransmitter molecules from the synaptic cleft . The homologous transporter LeuT , found in Aquifex aeolicus , was crystallized in different conformations . Here , we investigated the inward-open sta... | Crystal structures of the bacterial small amino acid transporter LeuT provided structural evidence for the alternating access model . Thereby , these structures shaped our understanding of the mechanisms underlying substrate translocation by neurotransmitter transporters . However , it has been questioned , if the crys... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"distance",
"measurement",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"crystal",
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"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"aquatic",
"environments",
"materials",
"science",
"crystallography",
"surfactants",
"cellular",
"structur... | 2016 | The Environment Shapes the Inner Vestibule of LeuT |
The processes underlying the evolution of regulatory networks are unclear . To address this question , we used a comparative genomics approach that takes advantage of the large number of sequenced bacterial genomes to predict conserved and variable members of transcriptional regulatory networks across phylogenetically ... | An important property of living systems is the use of regulatory networks to appropriately program gene expression . Central to the function of regulatory networks are transcription factors that regulate gene expression by binding to specific DNA sequences . Despite the central role of these regulatory networks , the p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
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"and",
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] | [
"biochemistry/molecular",
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"biology/comparative",
"sequence",
"an... | 2010 | Reconstruction of the Core and Extended Regulons of Global Transcription Factors |
The RNA helicase LGP2 ( Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology 2 ) is a non-signaling member of the retinoic acid-inducible gene-I ( RIG-I ) -like receptors ( RLRs ) , whose pivotal role on innate immune responses against RNA viruses is being increasingly uncovered . LGP2 is known to work in synergy with melanoma differ... | Foot-and-mouth disease virus ( FMDV ) is the causative agent of a devastating disease affecting livestock worldwide . FMDV is considered an extremely successful pathogen able to replicate and spread rapidly among its hosts . The induction of type-I interferon ( IFN ) response is a crucial event in mammalian cells again... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"transfection",
"animal",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"antiviral",
"immune",
"response",
"foot",
"and",
"mouth",
"disease",
"enzymes",
"immunology",
"enzymology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"molecular",... | 2018 | Innate immune sensor LGP2 is cleaved by the Leader protease of foot-and-mouth disease virus |
Persistence of HIV DNA presents a major barrier to the complete control of HIV infection under current therapies . Most studies suggest that cells with latently integrated HIV decay very slowly under therapy . However , it is much more difficult to study the turnover and persistence of HIV DNA during active infection .... | New treatments for HIV have proved very successful at controlling viral replication and preventing the onset of AIDS . However , these treatments must be continued for life , because if they are stopped the virus rapidly ‘rebounds’ to its original levels . The reason for this rebound is the existence of a population of... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"viral",
"diseases"
] | 2012 | An “Escape Clock” for Estimating the Turnover of SIV DNA in Resting CD4+ T Cells |
Protein electrospray ionization ( ESI ) mass spectrometry ( MS ) -based techniques are widely used to provide insight into structural proteomics under the assumption that non-covalent protein complexes being transferred into the gas phase preserve basically the same intermolecular interactions as in solution . Here we ... | Electrospray ionization ( ESI ) mass spectrometry ( MS ) plays a pivotal role in proteomics and structural biology . The applications of ESI-MS to protein complexes make use of the assumption that the vaporization of protein complexes into the gas phase ( as occurs during ESI-MS ) preserves the structural determinants ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"biochemical",
"simulations",
"molecular",
"dynamics",
"proteins",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"chemistry",
"physical",
"sciences",
"computational",
"chemistry",
"molecular",
"mechanics",
"biophysics",
"biophysical",
"simulations"
] | 2014 | Molecular Simulation-Based Structural Prediction of Protein Complexes in Mass Spectrometry: The Human Insulin Dimer |
Meiosis is a cellular program that generates haploid gametes for sexual reproduction . While chromosome events that contribute to reducing ploidy ( homologous chromosome pairing , synapsis , and recombination ) are well conserved , their execution varies across species and even between sexes of the same species . The t... | Inherent to reproduction is the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next . In sexually reproducing organisms , each parent contributes an equal amount of genetic information , packaged in chromosomes , to the offspring . Diploid organisms , like humans , have two copies of every chromosome , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"meiosis",
"chromosome",
"staining",
"fish",
"homologous",
"chromosomes",
"reproductive",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chromosome",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"vertebrates",
"... | 2019 | The telomere bouquet is a hub where meiotic double-strand breaks, synapsis, and stable homolog juxtaposition are coordinated in the zebrafish, Danio rerio |
Stem cell dynamics in vivo are often being studied by lineage tracing methods . Our laboratory has previously developed a retrospective method for reconstructing cell lineage trees from somatic mutations accumulated in microsatellites . This method was applied here to explore different aspects of stem cell dynamics in ... | The study of stem cell and tissue dynamics in vivo is often carried out by lineage tracing methods that depend on the presence of specific markers and on the availability of stem cells . In the current study , we applied a novel method for the reconstruction of cell lineage trees from microsatellite mutations accumulat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"algorithms",
"systems",
"biology",
"developmental",
"biology",
"computer",
"science",
"genomics",
"mathematics",
"physiology",
"topology",
"biology",
"anatomy",
"and",
"physiology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | Colon Stem Cell and Crypt Dynamics Exposed by Cell Lineage Reconstruction |
Embryonic development is defined by the hierarchical dynamical process that translates genetic information ( genotype ) into a spatial gene expression pattern ( phenotype ) providing the positional information for the correct unfolding of the organism . The nature and evolutionary implications of genotype–phenotype map... | The diversity of life is a consequence of changes in the genotype ( genes and their interdependence ) , but it is upon the observable organism's morphology ( phenotype ) that natural selection acts . Thus , the study of genotype–phenotype mapping can reveal key mechanisms driving life's capacity of continuous evolution... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology/developmental",
"evolution",
"developmental",
"biology/pattern",
"formation",
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology/signaling",
"networks"
] | 2008 | Neutrality and Robustness in Evo-Devo: Emergence of Lateral Inhibition |
Adenoviruses are DNA viruses that naturally infect many vertebrates , including humans and monkeys , and cause a wide range of clinical illnesses in humans . Infection from individual strains has conventionally been thought to be species-specific . Here we applied the Virochip , a pan-viral microarray , to identify a n... | Infection from adenoviruses , viruses that cause a variety of illnesses in humans , monkeys , and other animals , has conventionally been thought to be species-specific . We used the Virochip , a microarray designed to detect all viruses , to identify a new species of adenovirus ( TMAdV , or titi monkey adenovirus ) th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"respiratory",
"infections",
"emerging",
"viral",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"pulmonology",
"genome",
"sequencing",
"metagenomics",
"veterinary",
"science",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"respiratory",
"medicine",
"biology",
"microarrays",
... | 2011 | Cross-Species Transmission of a Novel Adenovirus Associated with a Fulminant Pneumonia Outbreak in a New World Monkey Colony |
Promising results have been reported for a urine circulating cathodic antigen ( CCA ) test for the diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni . We assessed the accuracy of a commercially available CCA cassette test ( designated CCA-A ) and an experimental formulation ( CCA-B ) for S . mansoni diagnosis . We conducted a cross-sec... | We aimed to assess the accuracy of a commercially available rapid diagnostic test for the detection of an infection with the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni in urine . In total , 446 school children from three different settings of south Côte d'Ivoire provided three stool and three urine samples . Stool samples were ex... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"diagnostic",
"medicine",
"epidemiology",
"global",
"health",
"public",
"health"
] | 2011 | Accuracy of Urine Circulating Cathodic Antigen (CCA) Test for Schistosoma mansoni Diagnosis in Different Settings of Côte d'Ivoire |
Rift Valley fever virus ( RVFV ) causes severe disease in livestock concurrent with zoonotic transmission to humans . A subset of people infected with RVFV develop encephalitis , and significant gaps remain in our knowledge of how RVFV causes pathology in the brain . We previously found that , in Lewis rats , subcutane... | Rift Valley fever is a disease of livestock and humans that occurs periodically in Africa and parts of the Middle East . People infected with Rift Valley fever virus can develop different clinical outcomes , including hemorrhagic fever or encephalitis . Understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of encephalitis... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"rift",
"valley",
"fever",
"virus",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"cytokines",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology"... | 2019 | Neutrophil and macrophage influx into the central nervous system are inflammatory components of lethal Rift Valley fever encephalitis in rats |
Interferon regulatory factor 8 ( IRF8 ) , also known as interferon consensus sequence-binding protein ( ICSBP ) , is a transcription factor of the IRF family . IRF8 plays a key role in normal B cell differentiation , a cellular process that is intrinsically associated with Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) reactivation . Howe... | Infection with Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) is closely associated with human cancers of both B cell and epithelial cell origin . The EBV life cycle is tightly regulated by both viral and cellular factors . Here , we demonstrate that interferon regulatory factor 8 ( IRF8 ) is required for EBV lytic replication . Mechanist... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"cell",
"death",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"293t",
"cells",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"cell",
"processes",
"microbiology",
"biological",
"cultures",
"plasmid",
"construc... | 2018 | Interferon regulatory factor 8 regulates caspase-1 expression to facilitate Epstein-Barr virus reactivation in response to B cell receptor stimulation and chemical induction |
Echocardiographic screening for detection of latent RHD has shown potential as a strategy to decrease the burden of disease . However , further research is needed to determine optimal implementation strategies . RHD results from a complex interplay between environment and host susceptibility . Family members share both... | Rheumatic heart disease ( RHD ) affects at least 33 million people , most of who live in low-resource environments . RHD is a cumulative process and there exists a latent period between early valve damage and presentation with symptoms . Echocardiographic screening ( ultrasound of the heart ) has proven highly sensitiv... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"diagnostic",
"radiology",
"ultrasound",
"imaging",
"education",
"sociology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"social",
"sciences",
"group",
"a",
"streptococcal",
"infection",
"uganda",
"echocardiography",
"cardiovascular",
"medicine",
... | 2016 | Targeted Echocardiographic Screening for Latent Rheumatic Heart Disease in Northern Uganda: Evaluating Familial Risk Following Identification of an Index Case |
Single-cell RNA-sequencing ( scRNA-seq ) provides new opportunities to gain a mechanistic understanding of many biological processes . Current approaches for single cell clustering are often sensitive to the input parameters and have difficulty dealing with cell types with different densities . Here , we present Panora... | One of the important tasks in analyzing single-cell transcriptomics data is to classify cell subpopulations . Most computational methods require users to input parameters and sometimes the proper parameters are not intuitive to users . Hence , a robust but easy-to-use method is of great interest . We proposed PanoView ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cluster",
"analysis",
"statistics",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"brain",
"marker",
"genes",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"multivariate",
"analysis",
"algorithms",
"mathematics",
"genome",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"biology",
"t... | 2019 | PanoView: An iterative clustering method for single-cell RNA sequencing data |
The specificity of the antibody response against Zika virus ( ZIKV ) is not well-characterized . This is due , in part , to the antigenic similarity between ZIKV and closely related dengue virus ( DENV ) serotypes . Since these and other similar viruses co-circulate , are spread by the same mosquito species , and can c... | ZIKV has emerged as a vector-borne pathogen capable of causing serious illness in infected adults and congenital birth defects . The vulnerability of communities to future ZIKV outbreaks will depend , in part , on the prevalence and longevity of protective immunity , thought to be mediated principally by antibodies . W... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"dengue",
"virus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"viruses",
"primates",
"rna",
"viruses",
"bioassays",
"and",... | 2018 | Antibody responses to Zika virus proteins in pregnant and non-pregnant macaques |
We developed a highly sensitive assay to detect transcription errors in vivo . The assay is based on suppression of a missense mutation in the active site tyrosine in the Cre recombinase . Because Cre acts as tetramer , background from translation errors are negligible . Functional Cre resulting from rare transcription... | Mistakes made during the synthesis of messenger RNAs have been difficult to detect , both because mRNAs can be short lived , and because the translation of mRNAs into proteins has a much higher error rate that masks transcription errors . We present here a highly sensitive genetic screen that detects transcription erro... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"rna",
"molecular",
"complexes",
"nucleic",
"acids",
"genetic",
"screens",
"gene",
"identification",
"and",
"analysis",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"rna",
"synthesis",
"molecular",
"biology",
"rna",
"stabilit... | 2014 | A Genetic Assay for Transcription Errors Reveals Multilayer Control of RNA Polymerase II Fidelity |
Tumorigenesis is a multi-step process in which normal cells transform into malignant tumors following the accumulation of genetic mutations that enable them to evade the growth control checkpoints that would normally suppress their growth or result in apoptosis . It is therefore important to identify those combinations... | It is generally accepted that a normal cell has to acquire multiple mutations in order to become a malignant tumor cell . Considerable effort has been invested in finding single genes involved in tumor initiation and progression , but relatively little is known about the constellations of cancer genes that effectively ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/bioinformatics",
"oncology/hematological",
"malignancies",
"hematology",
"computational",
"biology/genomics"
] | 2010 | Identification of Networks of Co-Occurring, Tumor-Related DNA Copy Number Changes Using a Genome-Wide Scoring Approach |
Leprosy neuropathy is considered the most common peripheral neuropathy of infectious etiology worldwide , representing a public health problem . Clinical diagnosis of primary neural leprosy ( PNL ) is challenging , since no skin lesions are found and the slit skin smear bacilloscopy is negative . However , there are st... | The long incubation period , insidious symptoms and signs of leprosy produce difficulties in its diagnosis and correct clinical classification , especially in its primary neural form characterized by negative bacilloscopy and lack of cutaneous lesions . Despite significant progress in leprosy control in recent years , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Patients",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"biopsy",
"nervous",
"system",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"surgical",
"and",
"invasive",
"medical",
"procedures",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"signs",
"and"... | 2017 | Revisiting primary neural leprosy: Clinical, serological, molecular, and neurophysiological aspects |
Undifferentiated febrile illness ( UFI ) is one of the most common reasons for people seeking healthcare in low-income countries . While illness and death due to specific infections such as malaria are often well-quantified , others are frequently uncounted and their impact underappreciated . A number of high consequen... | The Federal Republic of Sudan has had at least 12 outbreaks of febrile illness of unknown cause associated with symptoms of haemorrhage and high case fatality rates since 2012 . Outbreaks without clear diagnosis are concerning , particularly in countries such as Sudan where a range of high consequence diseases , includ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"geographical",
"locations",
"sudan",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"headaches",
"signs",
"and",
"symptoms",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"africa",
"public"... | 2019 | Detection of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever cases in a severe undifferentiated febrile illness outbreak in the Federal Republic of Sudan: A retrospective epidemiological and diagnostic cohort study |
Lutzomyia longipalpis is the South American vector of Leishmania infantum , the etiologic agent of visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) . Male L . longipalpis produce a sex-aggregation pheromone that is critical in mating , yet very little is known about its accumulation over time or factors involved in release . This laborat... | The Dipteran subfamily Phlebotominae includes the genera Lutzomyia and Phlebotomus among which several species are important vectors of parasitic and bacterial pathogens . The sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis is considered the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) in the New World . Based on the main component of ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"terpenes",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"geographical",
"locations",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"sand",
"flies",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"organic",
"compounds",
"animal",
"anatomy",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"insect",
"vect... | 2017 | A temporal comparison of sex-aggregation pheromone gland content and dynamics of release in three members of the Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) species complex |
Upon cell invasion , retroviruses generate a DNA copy of their RNA genome and integrate retroviral cDNA within host chromosomal DNA . Integration occurs throughout the host cell genome , but target site selection is not random . Each subgroup of retrovirus is distinguished from the others by attraction to particular fe... | When HIV-1 , murine leukemia virus ( MLV ) , or other retroviruses infect a cell , the virus generates a DNA copy of the viral RNA genome and ligates the cDNA within host chromosomal DNA . This integration reaction occurs at sites throughout the host cell genome , but little is known about how integration sites are sel... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"therapy",
"virology/viruses",
"and",
"cancer",
"computational",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/epigenetics",
"virology/host",
"invasion",
"and",
"cell",
"entry"
] | 2010 | Deciphering the Code for Retroviral Integration Target Site Selection |
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 ( SCA3 ) , also known as Machado-Joseph disease ( MJD ) , is an untreatable autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease , and the most common such inherited ataxia worldwide . The mutation in SCA3 is the expansion of a polymorphic CAG tri-nucleotide repeat sequence in the C-terminal codin... | Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 ( SCA3 ) is an untreatable neurodegenerative disease , and the most common dominantly inherited ataxia worldwide . SCA3 is caused by expansion of a CAG tri-nucleotide repeat sequence in the ATXN3 gene’s coding region . The expanded CAG sequences encode a run of the amino acid glutamine; th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Inactivation of PNKP by Mutant ATXN3 Triggers Apoptosis by Activating the DNA Damage-Response Pathway in SCA3 |
Many bacterial pathogens achieve resistance to defensin-like cationic antimicrobial peptides ( CAMPs ) by the multiple peptide resistance factor ( MprF ) protein . MprF plays a crucial role in Staphylococcus aureus virulence and it is involved in resistance to the CAMP-like antibiotic daptomycin . MprF is a large membr... | Certain bacterial immune-evasion factors such as the MprF protein are highly conserved in many bacterial pathogens and represent attractive targets for new ‘anti-virulence’ drugs . MprF , initially discovered in the major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus , protects bacteria against ‘innate human antibiotics’ such a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"microbiology/medical",
"microbiology",
"biochemistry/chemical",
"biology",
"of",
"the",
"cell",
"microbiology/innate",
"immunity",
"microbiology",
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"microbiology/microbial",
"physiology",
"and",
"metabolism",
"micr... | 2009 | The Bacterial Defensin Resistance Protein MprF Consists of Separable Domains for Lipid Lysinylation and Antimicrobial Peptide Repulsion |
Uncomplicated infections of the urinary tract , caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli , are among the most common diseases requiring medical intervention . A preventive vaccine to reduce the morbidity and fiscal burden these infections have upon the healthcare system would be beneficial . Here , we describe the resu... | Because urinary tract infections ( UTIs ) are a significant healthcare burden , it would be beneficial to develop a vaccine to prevent uncomplicated UTI caused by Escherichia coli . Using a large-scale screening process we uniformly identified proteins involved in iron uptake as potential vaccine candidates against E .... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/urological",
"infections",
"microbiology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis"
] | 2009 | Mucosal Immunization with Iron Receptor Antigens Protects against Urinary Tract Infection |
There are a huge number of pathogens with multi-component transmission cycles , involving amplifier hosts , vectors or complex pathogen life cycles . These complex systems present challenges in terms of modeling and policy development . A lethal tick-borne infectious disease , the Brazilian Spotted Fever ( BSF ) , is a... | Complex systems as the Brazilian Spotted Fever ( BSF ) , present challenges in terms of modeling and policy development . BSF human cases have been associated with the presence and expansion of the capybara Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris , amplifier host for the agent Rickettsia rickettsii and primary host for the tick vect... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"ixodes",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"rickettsia",
"animals",
"developmental",
"biology",
"systems",
"science",
"mathematics",
"nymphs",
... | 2018 | Hosts mobility and spatial spread of Rickettsia rickettsii |
Monitoring Trypanosoma spread using real-time imaging in vivo provides a fast method to evaluate parasite distribution especially in immunoprivileged locations . Here , we generated monomorphic and pleomorphic recombinant Trypanosoma brucei expressing the Renilla luciferase . In vitro luciferase activity measurements c... | Human African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness , caused by two subspecies of Trypanosoma brucei , is endemic in Subsaharan Africa . There is no vaccine and the currently used drugs are toxic and can cause severe side effects and even death . At present , we do not know how and when parasites can leave the blood and... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"pharmacology",
"biotechnology/bioengineering",
"radiology",
"and",
"medical",
"imaging"
] | 2009 | Bioluminescent Imaging of Trypanosoma brucei Shows Preferential Testis Dissemination Which May Hamper Drug Efficacy in Sleeping Sickness |
A gold standard of antiviral vaccination has been the safe and effective live-attenuated 17D-based yellow fever virus ( YFV ) vaccines . Among more than 500 million vaccinees , only a handful of cases have been reported in which vaccinees developed a virulent wild type YFV infection . This efficacy is presumed to be th... | The 17D line yellow fever virus ( YFV ) vaccines are some of the safest and most effective live-attenuated virus vaccines ever produced , protecting recipients for life against deadly yellow fever ( YF ) . As a testament to this safety and efficacy , the 17D line of live-attenuated vaccines has become an important mode... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"spleen",
"immunology",
"vaccines",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"org... | 2016 | The 17D-204 Vaccine Strain-Induced Protection against Virulent Yellow Fever Virus Is Mediated by Humoral Immunity and CD4+ but not CD8+ T Cells |
Specific types of human papillomaviruses ( HPVs ) cause cervical cancer . Cervical cancers exhibit aberrant cellular microRNA ( miRNA ) expression patterns . By genome-wide analyses , we investigate whether the intracellular and exosomal miRNA compositions of HPV-positive cancer cells are dependent on endogenous E6/E7 ... | Oncogenic human papillomaviruses ( HPVs ) are major human carcinogens of broad biomedical importance . The growth of HPV-positive cervical cancer cells is critically dependent on sustained E6/E7 oncogene expression from endogenous viral DNA sequences . We here addressed the question of whether this process is linked to... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Dependence of Intracellular and Exosomal microRNAs on Viral E6/E7 Oncogene Expression in HPV-positive Tumor Cells |
Drosophila Pumilio ( Pum ) protein is a translational regulator involved in embryonic patterning and germline development . Recent findings demonstrate that Pum also plays an important role in the nervous system , both at the neuromuscular junction ( NMJ ) and in long-term memory formation . In neurons , Pum appears to... | The Drosophila Pumilio ( Pum ) protein was originally identified as a translational control factor for embryo patterning . Subsequent studies have identified Pum's role in multiple biological processes , including the maintenance of germline stem cell , the proliferation and migration of primordial germ cells , olfacto... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/behavioral",
"neuroscience",
"developmental",
"biology/developmental",
"molecular",
"mechanisms",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2008 | Identification of Synaptic Targets of Drosophila Pumilio |
Given that micronutrient deficiency , neglected intestinal parasitic infections ( IPIs ) and poor socioeconomic status are closely linked , we conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the relationship between IPIs and nutritional status of children living in remote and rural areas in West Malaysia . A total of 550 c... | Micronutrient deficiency and intestinal parasitic infections ( IPIs ) share a similar geographical distribution . A conservative estimate indicated that almost 2 billion individuals suffer from anaemia due to iron deficiency ( ID ) , corresponding to 24 . 8% of the world's population . Crucially , most of these individ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"nutrition",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases"
] | 2012 | Association between Anaemia, Iron Deficiency Anaemia, Neglected Parasitic Infections and Socioeconomic Factors in Rural Children of West Malaysia |
Pathogenicity of the human pathogen Helicobacter pylori relies upon its capacity to adapt to a hostile environment and to escape from the host response . Therefore , cell shape , motility , and pH homeostasis of these bacteria are specifically adapted to the gastric mucus . We have found that the helical shape of H . p... | The human pathogen Helicobacter pylori lives in the hostile environment of the human stomach . H . pylori possesses a spiral shape and high motility that enable the bacterium to swim through the stomach lumen and to come into close contact with epithelial cells . High urease activity in the bacterium counterbalances th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"growth",
"and",
"division",
"developmental",
"biology/cell",
"differentiation",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/infectious",
"diseases",
"microbiology/microbial",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
... | 2009 | A Novel System of Cytoskeletal Elements in the Human Pathogen Helicobacter pylori |
Noroviruses are the principal cause of epidemic gastroenteritis worldwide with GII . 4 strains accounting for 80% of infections . The major capsid protein of GII . 4 strains is evolving rapidly , resulting in new epidemic strains with altered antigenic potentials . To test if antigenic drift may contribute to GII . 4 p... | Noroviruses are the principal cause of epidemic gastroenteritis worldwide with GII . 4 strains accounting for 80% of infections . The major capsid protein of GII . 4 strains is evolving rapidly , resulting in new epidemic strains with altered antigenic sites . To define these sites we prepared the first human monoclona... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"clinical",
"immunology",
"synthetic",
"biology",
"immunology",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2012 | Immunogenetic Mechanisms Driving Norovirus GII.4 Antigenic Variation |
Prions are self-perpetuating conformational variants of particular proteins . In yeast , prions cause heritable phenotypic traits . Most known yeast prions contain a glutamine ( Q ) /asparagine ( N ) -rich region in their prion domains . [PSI+] , the prion form of Sup35 , appears de novo at dramatically enhanced rates ... | Certain proteins can misfold into β-sheet-rich , self-seeding aggregates . Such proteins appear to be associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as prion , Alzheimer's and Parkinson's . Yeast prions also misfold into self-seeding aggregates and provide a good model to study how these rogue polymers first appear . ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"molecular",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2015 | Heterologous Aggregates Promote De Novo Prion Appearance via More than One Mechanism |
Sparganosis is a neglected but important food-borne parasitic zoonosis . Clinical diagnosis of sparganosis is difficult because there are no specific manifestations . ELISA using plerocercoid crude or excretory–secretory ( ES ) antigens has high sensitivity but has cross-reactions with other helminthiases . The aim of ... | Sparganosis is a neglected tropical disease; its diagnosis is difficult and it is often misdiagnosed . ELISA using the crude or ES antigens of plerocercoids cross reacts with other helminthiases . Cysteine protease is a type of hydrolase and plays important roles in the development and survival of parasites; it has bee... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Characterization of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei Plerocercoid Cysteine Protease and Potential Application for Serodiagnosis of Sparganosis |
A longstanding puzzle in human genetics is what limits the clinical manifestation of hundreds of hereditary diseases to certain tissues , while their causal genes are expressed throughout the human body . A general conception is that tissue-selective disease phenotypes emerge when masking factors operate in unaffected ... | A longstanding enigma in human genetics is what limits the clinical manifestation of hundreds of hereditary diseases to certain tissues or cell types , while their causal genes are present and expressed throughout the human body . A general conception was that the tissue-wide robustness to the causal aberration is achi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"dermatology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"skeletal",
"muscles",
"liver",
"diseases",
"mutation",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
"hepatology",
"germline",
"mutation",
"pharmacology",
"skin",
"diseases",
"tissue",
"distribution",
"musculoskeletal",
"system",
"gen... | 2018 | Role of duplicate genes in determining the tissue-selectivity of hereditary diseases |
The Clostridium difficile exotoxin , TcdB , which is a major virulence factor , varies between strains of this pathogen . Herein , we show that TcdB from the epidemic BI/NAP1/027 strain of C . difficile is more lethal , causes more extensive brain hemorrhage , and is antigenically variable from TcdB produced by previou... | During the past decade , the C . difficile BI/NAP1/027 strain has emerged and in some settings predominated as the cause of C . difficile infection . Moreover , in some reports C . difficile BI/NAP1/027 has been associated with more severe disease . The reasons for association of this strain with more severe disease an... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2013 | Clostridium difficile 027/BI/NAP1 Encodes a Hypertoxic and Antigenically Variable Form of TcdB |
Many natural and artificial networks contain overrepresented subgraphs , which have been termed network motifs . In this article , we investigate the processes that led to the formation of the two most common network motifs in eukaryote transcription factor networks: the bi-fan motif and the feed-forward loop . Around ... | Networks are a simple and general way of representing natural phenomena that range in scale from the social interactions between people to the organization of circuits on a microchip . Many networks have been found to contain repeated patterns of connections between small groups of nodes . These patterns , termed netwo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"saccharomyces",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2007 | Evolutionary Models for Formation of Network Motifs and Modularity in the Saccharomyces Transcription Factor Network |
Human papillomavirus type 16 ( HPV16 ) and other oncoviruses have been shown to block innate immune responses and to persist in the host . However , to avoid viral persistence , the immune response attempts to clear the infection . IL-1β is a powerful cytokine produced when viral motifs are sensed by innate receptors t... | Oncoviruses block innate immune responses to persist in the host . However , to avoid viral persistence , the immune response attempts to clear the infection . IL-1β is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by the inflammasome pathway . Whether oncoviruses such as human papillomavirus ( HPV ) can activate the inflammaso... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods",
"and",
"materials"
] | [
"keratinocytes",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"luciferase",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"enzymes",
"pathogens",
"cervical",
"cancer",
"immunology",
"rna",
"extraction",
"microbiology",
"enzymology",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"gene",
"r... | 2018 | Human papillomavirus type 16 antagonizes IRF6 regulation of IL-1β |
A challenge for hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) vaccine development is to define epitopes that are able to elicit protective antibodies against this highly diverse virus . The E2 glycoprotein region located at residues 412–423 is conserved and antibodies to 412–423 have broadly neutralizing activities . However , an adaptive... | An effective hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) vaccine will require information on epitopes that are responsible for protective antibodies against this highly diverse virus . A region known to be highly conserved and responsible for broadly neutralizing antibodies is located on the E2 glycoprotein at 412–423 . To test whether ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences"
] | 2014 | Non-random Escape Pathways from a Broadly Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibody Map to a Highly Conserved Region on the Hepatitis C Virus E2 Glycoprotein Encompassing Amino Acids 412–423 |
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic zoonosis caused by small trematode worms called schistosomes , amongst which Schistosoma japonicum ( S . japonicum ) is endemic in Asia . In order to understand the schistosome-induced changes in the host metabolism so as to facilitate early diagnosis of schistosomiasis , we systematicall... | Schistosomiasis is an infectious disease resulting from the infection of parasitic trematode worms called schistosomes . About 600 million people are currently exposed to schistosomiasis and 200 million people are infected in about 76 countries . Current diagnostic methods are unable to detect schistosomiasis at its ea... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/helminth",
"infections"
] | 2010 | Metabolic Changes Reveal the Development of Schistosomiasis in Mice |
Turner syndrome is caused by complete or partial loss of the second sex chromosome , occurring in ~1 in 2 , 000 female births . There is a greatly increased incidence of aortopathy of unknown etiology , including bicuspid aortic valve ( BAV ) , thoracic aortic aneurysms , aortic dissection and rupture . We performed wh... | BAV is the most frequent congenital heart defect , occurring in about 1–2% of the population with 70% of cases occurring in males . BAV increases risk for thoracic aortic aneurysm ( TAA ) and early death . Approximately 30% of individuals with Turner syndrome have BAV/TAA , making this an important population for the s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cardiovascular",
"anatomy",
"aneurysms",
"alleles",
"heart",
"karyotypes",
"turner",
"syndrome",
"sex",
"chromosomes",
"chromosomal",
"disorders",
"chromosome",
"biology",
"blood",
"vessels",
"aortic",
"valve",
"x",
"chromosomes... | 2018 | TIMP3 and TIMP1 are risk genes for bicuspid aortic valve and aortopathy in Turner syndrome |
Knowledge of biological relatedness between samples is important for many genetic studies . In large-scale human genetic association studies , the estimated kinship is used to remove cryptic relatedness , control for family structure , and estimate trait heritability . However , estimation of kinship is challenging for... | Inference of genetic relatedness from molecular markers has broad applications in many areas , including quantitative genetics , forensics , evolution and ecology . Classic estimators , however , are not suitable for low-coverage sequencing data , which have high levels of genotype uncertainty and missing data . We eva... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"lasers",
"variant",
"genotypes",
"geographical",
"locations",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"ethnicities",
"singapore",
"genome",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"optical",
"equipment",
... | 2017 | Estimation of kinship coefficient in structured and admixed populations using sparse sequencing data |
Microbiome-based stratification of healthy individuals into compositional categories , referred to as “enterotypes” or “community types” , holds promise for drastically improving personalized medicine . Despite this potential , the existence of community types and the degree of their distinctness have been highly debat... | We coexist with a vast number of microbes that live in and on our bodies , and play important roles in physiology and disease . Two interesting phenomena have been observed in the human microbiome . The first is the stratification of healthy individuals based on the relative abundances of their microbes , which holds p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"microbiome",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"species",
"delimitation",
"systems",
"science",
"mathematics",
"speciation",
"di... | 2016 | On the Origins and Control of Community Types in the Human Microbiome |
The organization and the mechanisms of condensation of mitotic chromosomes remain unsolved despite many decades of efforts . The lack of resolution , tight compaction , and the absence of function-specific chromatin labels have been the key technical obstacles . The correlation between DNA sequence composition and its ... | Mitotic chromosomes of eukaryotes are relatively large rod-like cellular organelles , about 1 µm in diameter and 10 µm long , of well-studied composition but unknown structure . The question of whether all DNA sequences equally contribute to the interactions leading to the formation of mitotic chromosomes has never bee... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Discussion"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/nuclear",
"structure",
"and",
"function"
] | 2011 | Evidence of Activity-Specific, Radial Organization of Mitotic Chromosomes in Drosophila |
Chronic infection by Trypanosoma cruzi could cause heart conduction disturbances . We sought to analyze electrocardiographic abnormalities among children with chronic T . cruzi infection with and without trypanocidal treatment with benznidazole . We studied 111 children 6–16 years of age with asymptomatic chronic T . c... | There are few data available on the natural history of electrocardiographic abnormalities among children with chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection . Also , few studies analyzed the effect of benznidazole to prevent electrocardiographic abnormalities in this population . In the current study , electrocardiographic abnorm... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"children",
"cardiomyopathies",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"randomized",
"controlled",
"trials",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"age",
"groups",
"electrocardiography",
"clinical",
"medicine",
"protozoans",
"bioassay... | 2016 | Electrocardiographic Abnormalities and Treatment with Benznidazole among Children with Chronic Infection by Trypanosoma cruzi: A Retrospective Cohort Study |
Varicella zoster virus ( VZV ) is a lymphotropic alpha-herpesvirinae subfamily member that produces varicella on primary infection and causes zoster , vascular disease and vision loss upon reactivation from latency . VZV-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMCs ) disseminate virus to distal organs to produce... | The burden of disease produced by VZV is significant , since 90% of the world population harbors latent virus . At least 50% of infected individuals will reactivate by 85 years of age to develop zoster , which is an established risk factor for stroke and myocardial infarction , as well as multisystem diseases with or w... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"flow",
"cytometry",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immunology",
"cytotoxic",
"t",
"cells",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"immune",
"system",
"proteins",
"white",
"blood",
"cells",
"animal",
"cells",
"pro... | 2019 | Varicella zoster virus productively infects human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to modulate expression of immunoinhibitory proteins and blocking PD-L1 enhances virus-specific CD8+ T cell effector function |
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus ( CCHFV ) is a tick-borne bunyavirus causing outbreaks of severe disease in humans , with a fatality rate approaching 30% . There are no widely accepted therapeutics available to prevent or treat the disease . CCHFV enters host cells through clathrin-mediated endocytosis and is sub... | Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus ( CCHFV ) is the cause of a severe , often fatal disease in humans . While it has been demonstrated that CCHFV cell entry depends on clathrin-mediated endocytosis , low pH , and early endosomes , the identity of the endosomes where virus penetrates into cell cytoplasm to initiate g... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"endocytosis",
"viral",
"entry",
"cell",
"biology",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"virology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"cell",
"processes",
"microbiology"
] | 2014 | Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Entry into Host Cells Occurs through the Multivesicular Body and Requires ESCRT Regulators |
DnaA , the replication initiation protein in bacteria , is an AAA+ ATPase that binds and hydrolyzes ATP and exists in a heterogeneous population of ATP-DnaA and ADP-DnaA . DnaA binds cooperatively to the origin of replication and several other chromosomal regions , and functions as a transcription factor at some of the... | DNA binding proteins are involved in many cellular processes . The ability of these proteins to bind DNA is often modulated , either directly or indirectly . We determined the binding properties of Bacillus subtilis DnaA to genomic DNA at single nucleotide resolution using in vitro DNA affinity purification and deep se... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | In Vitro Whole Genome DNA Binding Analysis of the Bacterial Replication Initiator and Transcription Factor DnaA |
Although extensively studied , the structure , cellular origin and assembly mechanism of internal membranes during viral infection remain unclear . By combining diverse imaging techniques , including the novel Scanning-Transmission Electron Microscopy tomography , we elucidate the structural stages of membrane biogenes... | With a particle size comparable to that of small bacteria and a 1 . 2 Mbp double-strand DNA genome that carries more than 1000 open reading frames , the amoeba-infecting Mimivirus , along with other recently identified members of the Mimiviridae family , are the largest and most complex viruses yet identified . The Mim... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cellular",
"structures",
"virology",
"membranes",
"and",
"sorting",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2013 | Membrane Assembly during the Infection Cycle of the Giant Mimivirus |
Macrophage Scavenger Receptor A ( SR-A ) is a major non-opsonic receptor for Neisseria meningitidis on mononuclear phagocytes in vitro , and the surface proteins NMB0278 , NMB0667 , and NMB1220 have been identified as ligands for SR-A . In this study we ascertain the in vivo role of SR-A in the recognition of N . menin... | Macrophages are innate immune cells that provide a first defence against infection . Several receptors on the surface of macrophages mediate recognition of invading pathogens , and one of these is the Macrophage Scavenger Receptor A ( SR-A ) . SR-A recognises Neisseria meningitidis , a bacterium that causes meningitis ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"microbiology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology/immune",
"response",
"microbiology/innate",
"immunity",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections"
] | 2009 | The Macrophage Scavenger Receptor A Is Host-Protective in Experimental Meningococcal Septicaemia |
Females homozygous for a mutation in cellular island ( cei ) produce embryos with defects in cytokinesis during early development . Analysis of the cytoskeletal events associated with furrow formation reveal that these defects include a general delay in furrow initiation as well as a complete failure to form furrow-ass... | The molecular details driving the splitting of cells in two during cell division , known as cytokinesis , remain incompletely understood , as is the coordination of this process with events that pattern the early animal embryo . The dearth of our knowledge in this subject is particularly evident in the case of vertebra... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology/germ",
"cells",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/animal",
"genetics",
"developmental",
"biology/embryology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"discovery",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"growth",
"and",
"division",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"func... | 2009 | The Maternal-Effect Gene cellular island Encodes Aurora B Kinase and Is Essential for Furrow Formation in the Early Zebrafish Embryo |
Rabies is a serious yet neglected public health threat in resource-limited communities in Africa , where the virus is maintained in populations of owned , free-roaming domestic dogs . Rabies elimination can be achieved through the mass vaccination of dogs , but maintaining the critical threshold of vaccination coverage... | Rabies is a deadly disease caused by a virus that in Africa is maintained in populations of owned , free-roaming domestic dogs . Rabies can be controlled by mass vaccination , by ensuring that a certain proportion of the dog population is immune to the disease . Maintaining this proportion of immune animals creates her... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Population Dynamics of Owned, Free-Roaming Dogs: Implications for Rabies Control |
Fusarium Head Blight ( FHB ) is the number one floral disease of cereals and poses a serious health hazard by contaminating grain with the harmful mycotoxin deoxynivalenol ( DON ) . Fungi adapt to fluctuations in their environment , coordinating development and metabolism accordingly . G-protein coupled receptors ( GPC... | Fusarium Head Blight ( FHB ) is the number one floral disease of cereals and poses a serious health hazard by contaminating grain with harmful mycotoxins . Fusarium graminearum adapts to the host plant environment , coordinating fungal development , metabolism and virulence . Here we show that non-classical G-protein c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"plant",
"anatomy",
"stem",
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"internodes",
"fusarium",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"fungal",
"genetics",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"fusarium",
"graminearum",
"plant",
"science",
"plant",
"pathology"... | 2019 | Non-canonical fungal G-protein coupled receptors promote Fusarium head blight on wheat |
Next generation sequencing of viral populations has advanced our understanding of viral population dynamics , the development of drug resistance , and escape from host immune responses . Many applications require complete gene sequences , which can be impossible to reconstruct from short reads . HIV env , the protein o... | Viral populations constantly evolve and diversify . In this article we introduce a method , FLEA , for reconstructing and visualizing the details of evolutionary changes . FLEA specifically processes data from sequencing platforms that generate reads that are long , but error-prone . To study the evolutionary dynamics ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Design",
"and",
"implementation",
"Results",
"Availability",
"and",
"future",
"directions"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"split-decomposition",
"method",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"animals",
"retroviruses",
"viruses",
"immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
... | 2018 | Full-Length Envelope Analyzer (FLEA): A tool for longitudinal analysis of viral amplicons |
Sri Lanka records substantial numbers of snakebite annually . Primary rural hospitals are important contributors to health care . Health care planning requires a more detailed understanding of snakebite within this part of the health system . This study reports the management and epidemiology of all hospitalised snakeb... | Snakebite is a neglected tropical disease which mainly affects the rural population in tropical countries . In Sri Lanka the disease burden is an important cause of hospital admission ( > 40 , 000 recorded annually ) . Most of the previous epidemiological studies in the Island have been done in tertiary care hospitals ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"and",
"materials",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"health",
"care",
"cobras",
"clinical",
"medicine",
"reptiles",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"snakebite",
"sri",
"lanka",
"treat... | 2017 | A prospective cohort study of the effectiveness of the primary hospital management of all snakebites in Kurunegala district of Sri Lanka |
The function of miR165/166 in plant growth and development has been extensively studied , however , its roles in abiotic stress responses remain largely unknown . Here , we report that reduction in the expression of miR165/166 conferred a drought and cold resistance phenotype and hypersensitivity to ABA during seed ger... | Functions of miRNAs in plant development and stress responses have been extensively studied . However , little is known about how a miRNA may perform critical functions in both plant development and abiotic stress responses . One well-known miRNA , miR165/166 , has critical roles in plant development . In this study , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"seed",
"germination",
"gene",
"regulation",
"plant",
"physiology",
"physiological",
"processes",
"micrornas",
"plant",
"science",
"homeostasis",
"plant",
"pathology",
"seedlings",
"... | 2016 | The miR165/166 Mediated Regulatory Module Plays Critical Roles in ABA Homeostasis and Response in Arabidopsis thaliana |
Leprosy is a chronic infection where the skin and peripheral nervous system is invaded by Mycobacterium leprae . The infection mechanism remains unknown in part because culture methods have not been established yet for M . leprae . Mce1A protein ( 442 aa ) is coded by mce1A ( 1326 bp ) of M . leprae . The Mce1A homolog... | Mce1A protein is a cell surface protein encoded by the mce1A region of mce1 locus of M . tuberculosis and M . leprae , and is involved in the bacteria’s invasion into epithelial cells . Using cloned sub domains of mce1A and peptides synthesized for these sub domains , cell entry studies and binding studies were perform... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Material",
"and",
"methods",
"Result",
"Discussion"
] | [
"mycobacterium",
"leprae",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"hela",
"cells",
"biological",
"cultures",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"protein",
"expression",
"respiratory",
"system",
"cell",
"cultures",... | 2019 | The unique tropism of Mycobacterium leprae to the nasal epithelial cells can be explained by the mammalian cell entry protein 1A |
Mucosal immunoglobulins comprise mainly secretory IgA antibodies ( SIgAs ) , which are the major contributor to pathogen-specific immune responses in mucosal tissues . These SIgAs are highly heterogeneous in terms of their quaternary structure . A recent report shows that the polymerization status of SIgA defines their... | SIgAs exist as mainly dimers and tetramers and play critical roles in mucosal immune responses against influenza . Detailed characterization of these anti-viral SIgA is important for better understanding of the mechanisms underlying anti-viral immunity . Here , we describe a means of generating a recombinant tetrameric... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
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"immune",
"physiology",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"influenza",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"orthomyxoviruses",
"viruses",
"rna",
"viruses",
"materials",
"science",
... | 2019 | IgA tetramerization improves target breadth but not peak potency of functionality of anti-influenza virus broadly neutralizing antibody |
Effector molecules translocated by the Salmonella pathogenicity island ( SPI ) 1-encoded type 3 secretion system ( T3SS ) critically contribute to the pathogenesis of human Salmonella infection . They facilitate internalization by non-phagocytic enterocytes rendering the intestinal epithelium an entry site for infectio... | Non-typhoidal Salmonella represent a major causative agent of gastroenteritis worldwide . Hallmark of the pathogenesis is their ability to actively invade the intestinal epithelium by virtue of their type 3 secretion system that delivers bacterial virulence factors directly into the host cell cytosol . The role of thes... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"complement",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
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"immune",
"physiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"salmonellosis",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"enterobacteriaceae",
"bacteria",
"bacterial",
"pathog... | 2018 | Minimal SPI1-T3SS effector requirement for Salmonella enterocyte invasion and intracellular proliferation in vivo |
CD8 T cells are recognized key players in control of persistent virus infections , but increasing evidence suggests that assistance from other immune mediators is also needed . Here , we investigated whether specific antibody responses contribute to control of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus ( LCMV ) , a prototypic ... | Persistent viruses such as hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) or HIV can defeat the body's defense system and cause devastating epidemics worldwide . Recent attempts at vaccinating against HIV have relied on the induction of specific antiviral killer T lymphocytes but have failed to confer protection on the host . Better knowle... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology",
"virology"
] | 2009 | Impaired Antibody Response Causes Persistence of Prototypic T Cell–Contained Virus |
NREM sleep is characterized by two hallmarks , namely K-complexes ( KCs ) during sleep stage N2 and cortical slow oscillations ( SOs ) during sleep stage N3 . While the underlying dynamics on the neuronal level is well known and can be easily measured , the resulting behavior on the macroscopic population level remains... | In recent years , sleep has drawn increasing attention due to its multifunctional role , e . g . the involvement in the consolidation of memory . While neural mass models have been successfully employed to describe the dynamics of the awake brain , the drastic changes that arise during sleep have been challenging . As ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"physics",
"physiological",
"processes",
"computer",
"and",
"information",
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"computer",
"modeling",
"interdisciplinary",
"physics",
"physiology",
"sleep",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"physical",
"sciences",
"... | 2014 | Characterization of K-Complexes and Slow Wave Activity in a Neural Mass Model |
Evolutionary life history theory seeks to explain how reproductive and survival traits are shaped by selection through allocations of an individual’s resources to competing life functions . Although life-history traits evolve rapidly , little is known about the genetic and cellular mechanisms that control and couple th... | Sex and death are two fundamental concerns of each organism . These traits evolve rapidly in natural populations as animals seek to maximize their fitness in a given environment . For example , in mammals , lifespan , size , and fecundity vary over two order of magnitude . A key observation of evolutionary life history... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"urology",
"medicine",
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"quantitative",
"trait",
"loci",
"caenorhabditis",
"animals",
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"models",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"regulator",
"genes",
"model",
"organisms",
"chromosome",
"mapping",
"gene",
"types",
"mol... | 2016 | Selection on a Subunit of the NURF Chromatin Remodeler Modifies Life History Traits in a Domesticated Strain of Caenorhabditis elegans |
HAP2 ( GCS1 ) is a deeply conserved sperm protein that is essential for gamete fusion . Here we use complementation assays to define major functional regions of the Arabidopsis thaliana ortholog using HAP2 ( GCS1 ) variants with modifications to regions amino ( N ) and carboxy ( C ) to its single transmembrane domain .... | Recent studies suggest that HAP2 ( GCS1 ) is a deeply conserved protein required for gamete membrane fusion , a critical yet poorly understood step in sexual reproduction . HAP2 ( GCS1 ) is present in many plant , protist , and animal genomes , and has been shown to be essential for fertilization in Arabidopsis , Chlam... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/membranes",
"and",
"sorting",
"cell",
"biology/plant",
"genetics",
"and",
"gene",
"expression",
"plant",
"biology/plant",
"cell",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology/plant",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2010 | HAP2(GCS1)-Dependent Gamete Fusion Requires a Positively Charged Carboxy-Terminal Domain |
Rabies is invariably a fatal disease . Appropriate wound treatment and prompt rabies post-exposure prophylaxis ( PEP ) are of great importance to rabies prevention . The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of improper wound treatment and delay of rabies PEP after an animal ... | Although the incidence of animal bites is increasing in China , residents’ knowledge about appropriate wound treatment and prompt PEP is insufficient . A face-to-face interview was conducted to investigate whether the wound was treated properly and to determine the time disparity between injury and consultation to the ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"animal",
"types",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"china",
"pathogens",
"post-exposure",
"prophylaxis",
"domestic",
"animals",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"animals",
"health",... | 2017 | Improper wound treatment and delay of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis of animal bite victims in China: Prevalence and determinants |
Emergence of human fascioliasis prompted a worldwide control initiative including a pilot study in a few countries . Two hyperendemic areas were chosen: Huacullani , Northern Altiplano , Bolivia , representing the Altiplanic transmission pattern with high prevalences and intensities; Cajamarca valley , Peru , represent... | A coproantigen-detection technique ( MM3-COPRO ELISA ) was evaluated in 436 and 362 schoolchildren of Huacullani , Bolivia , and Cajamarca valley , Peru , respectively . Classical techniques for egg detection were used for comparison . In Huacullani , using Kato-Katz as gold standard , sensitivity and specificity were ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"public",
"health",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"test",
"evaluation",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"diagnostic",
"medicine",
"fasciolosis",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases"
] | 2012 | Field Evaluation of a Coproantigen Detection Test for Fascioliasis Diagnosis and Surveillance in Human Hyperendemic Areas of Andean Countries |
The objectives of this work were the classification of dynamic metabolic biomarker candidates and the modeling and characterization of kinetic regulatory mechanisms in human metabolism with response to external perturbations by physical activity . Longitudinal metabolic concentration data of 47 individuals from 4 diffe... | Human metabolism is controlled through basic kinetic regulatory mechanisms , where the overall system aims to maintain a state of homeostasis . In response to external perturbations , such as environmental influences , nutrition or physical exercise , circulating metabolites show specific kinetic response patterns , wh... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Modeling and Classification of Kinetic Patterns of Dynamic Metabolic Biomarkers in Physical Activity |
Rift Valley fever is an acute , zoonotic viral disease of domestic ruminants , caused by a phlebovirus ( Bunyaviridae family ) . A large outbreak occurred in Madagascar in 2008–2009 . The goal of the present study was to evaluate the point prevalence of antibodies against Rift Valley Fever Virus ( RVFV ) in cattle in t... | Rift Valley fever ( RVF ) is a viral disease of domestic ruminants , which may affect humans . The RVF virus ( RVFV ) may be transmitted either by mosquitoes or through direct contact with vireamic body fluids or products . Until now , this disease had been described in arid , hot and irrigated or tropical areas . Perf... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"veterinary",
"science"
] | 2011 | An Unexpected Recurrent Transmission of Rift Valley Fever Virus in Cattle in a Temperate and Mountainous Area of Madagascar |
Despite extensive genetic analysis , the evolutionary relationship between polar bears ( Ursus maritimus ) and brown bears ( U . arctos ) remains unclear . The two most recent comprehensive reports indicate a recent divergence with little subsequent admixture or a much more ancient divergence followed by extensive admi... | The evolutionary genetic relationship between polar bears ( Ursus maritimus ) and brown bears ( U . arctos ) is a subject of continuing controversy . To address this we generated genome-wide sequence data for seven polar bears , two brown bears ( including one from the enigmatic ABC Islands population ) , and a black b... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"population",
"genetics",
"effective",
"population",
"size",
"population",
"modeling",
"speciation",
"population",
"biology",
"biology",
"hybridization",
"evolutionary",
"genetics",
"natural",
"selection",
"evolutionary",
"processes",
"gene",
"flow",
"genomics",
"evolutiona... | 2013 | Genomic Evidence for Island Population Conversion Resolves Conflicting Theories of Polar Bear Evolution |
Hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) core protein assembles viral pre-genomic ( pg ) RNA and DNA polymerase into nucleocapsids for reverse transcriptional DNA replication to take place . Several chemotypes of small molecules , including heteroaryldihydropyrimidines ( HAPs ) and sulfamoylbenzamides ( SBAs ) , have been discovered ... | Persistent HBV infection relies on stable maintenance of a nuclear episomal viral genome called covalently closed circular ( ccc ) DNA , the sole transcriptional template supporting viral replication . The currently available antiviral therapeutics fail to cure chronic HBV infection due to their failure to eradicate or... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"nucleases",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"deoxyribonucleases",
"enzymes",
"microbiology",
"nucleocapsids",
"viral",
"structure",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"enzymology",
"polymerases",
"forms",
"of",
"dna",
"circular",
"dna",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
... | 2017 | HBV core protein allosteric modulators differentially alter cccDNA biosynthesis from de novo infection and intracellular amplification pathways |
Computational protein design is a reverse procedure of protein folding and structure prediction , where constructing structures from evolutionarily related proteins has been demonstrated to be the most reliable method for protein 3-dimensional structure prediction . Following this spirit , we developed a novel method t... | The goal of computational protein design is to create new protein sequences of desirable structure and biological function . Most protein design methods are developed to search for sequences with the lowest free-energy based on physics-based force fields following Anfinsen's thermodynamic hypothesis . A major obstacle ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | An Evolution-Based Approach to De Novo Protein Design and Case Study on Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
Next-generation sequencing has been used to infer the clonality of heterogeneous tumor samples . These analyses yield specific predictions—the population frequency of individual clones , their genetic composition , and their evolutionary relationships—which we set out to test by sequencing individual cells from three s... | Human cancers are genetically diverse populations of cells that evolve over the course of their natural history or in response to the selective pressure of therapy . In theory , it is possible to infer how this variation is structured into related populations of cells based on the frequency of individual mutations in b... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"hematologic",
"cancers",
"and",
"related",
"disorders",
"acute",
"myeloid",
"leukemia",
"leukemias",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"myeloid",
"leukemia",
"genome",
"evolution",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"myelodysplastic",
"syndromes",... | 2014 | Clonal Architecture of Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia Defined by Single-Cell Sequencing |
Sleep disordered breathing ( SDB ) -related overnight hypoxemia is associated with cardiometabolic disease and other comorbidities . Understanding the genetic bases for variations in nocturnal hypoxemia may help understand mechanisms influencing oxygenation and SDB-related mortality . We conducted genome-wide associati... | Variation in oxyhemoglobin saturation , the proportion of oxygen-saturated to total hemoglobin in the blood , is associated with numerous disorders and is a predictor of health outcomes including mortality , incident heart failure , and dementia . Despite the fundamental role of oxygen saturation in normal and abnormal... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"methods"
] | [] | 2019 | Associations of variants In the hexokinase 1 and interleukin 18 receptor regions with oxyhemoglobin saturation during sleep |
Although a standard reinforcement learning model can capture many aspects of reward-seeking behaviors , it may not be practical for modeling human natural behaviors because of the richness of dynamic environments and limitations in cognitive resources . We propose a modular reinforcement learning model that addresses t... | It is generally agreed that human actions can be formalized within the framework of statistical decision theory , which specifies a cost function for actions choices , and that the intrinsic value of actions is controlled by the brain’s dopaminergic reward machinery . Given behavioral data , the underlying subjective r... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"learning",
"machine",
"learning",
"algorithms",
"decision",
"making",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"algorithms",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"mathematics",
"animal",
"behavior... | 2018 | Modeling sensory-motor decisions in natural behavior |
The high rate of leprosy cases among children under 15 years of age in Brazil indicates ongoing transmission within the community . The identification of the new leprosy cases among contacts can help identify the source of infection and interrupt the transmission chain . This study aims to determine the detection rate ... | Leprosy is a disease that has long since been eradicated in the developed world , but it still affects poor people in developing countries , such as India , Brazil , and Indonesia . Because the causative agent of the disease may involve the skin and peripheral nerves , the disease can cause physical disabilities and de... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"schoolchildren",
"mycobacterium",
"leprae",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"education",
"disabilities",
"sociology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"social",
"sciences",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
... | 2018 | Leprosy among schoolchildren in the Amazon region: A cross-sectional study of active search and possible source of infection by contact tracing |
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