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When did the sovereignty of szlachta end? | <text>When did the sovereignty of szlachta end?</text><reasoning>The sovereignty of szlachta was ended in 1795 by Partitions of Poland, and until 1918 their legal status was dependent on policies of the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia or the Habsburg Monarchy.</reasoning><output>1795</output> |
Who ended the sovereignty of szlachta? | <text>Who ended the sovereignty of szlachta?</text><reasoning>The sovereignty of szlachta was ended in 1795 by Partitions of Poland, and until 1918 their legal status was dependent on policies of the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia or the Habsburg Monarchy.</reasoning><output>Partitions of Poland</output> |
UNtil 1918 whos legal status was dependent on the russian empiresovereignty of szlachta? | <text>UNtil 1918 whos legal status was dependent on the russian empiresovereignty of szlachta?</text><reasoning>The sovereignty of szlachta was ended in 1795 by Partitions of Poland, and until 1918 their legal status was dependent on policies of the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia or the Habsburg Monarchy.</reas... |
The right to create ordynacja's was important to what group? | <text>The right to create ordynacja's was important to what group?</text><reasoning>One of the most important victories of the magnates was the late 16th century right to create ordynacja's (similar to majorats), which ensured that a family which gained wealth and power could more easily preserve this. Ordynacje's of f... |
When did the right to create ordynacja's happen? | <text>When did the right to create ordynacja's happen?</text><reasoning>One of the most important victories of the magnates was the late 16th century right to create ordynacja's (similar to majorats), which ensured that a family which gained wealth and power could more easily preserve this. Ordynacje's of families of R... |
What did the right to create ordynacja's entail? | <text>What did the right to create ordynacja's entail?</text><reasoning>One of the most important victories of the magnates was the late 16th century right to create ordynacja's (similar to majorats), which ensured that a family which gained wealth and power could more easily preserve this. Ordynacje's of families of R... |
What did the powerful families do with the kings estates? | <text>What did the powerful families do with the kings estates?</text><reasoning>One of the most important victories of the magnates was the late 16th century right to create ordynacja's (similar to majorats), which ensured that a family which gained wealth and power could more easily preserve this. Ordynacje's of fami... |
What was an important power basis for the magnates? | <text>What was an important power basis for the magnates?</text><reasoning>One of the most important victories of the magnates was the late 16th century right to create ordynacja's (similar to majorats), which ensured that a family which gained wealth and power could more easily preserve this. Ordynacje's of families o... |
What did powerful leaders of szlachta sought? | <text>What did powerful leaders of szlachta sought?</text><reasoning>For many centuries, wealthy and powerful members of the szlachta sought to gain legal privileges over their peers. Few szlachta were wealthy enough to be known as magnates (karmazyni—the "Crimsons", from the crimson colour of their boots). A proper ma... |
What were most szlachtas class? | <text>What were most szlachtas class?</text><reasoning>For many centuries, wealthy and powerful members of the szlachta sought to gain legal privileges over their peers. Few szlachta were wealthy enough to be known as magnates (karmazyni—the "Crimsons", from the crimson colour of their boots). A proper magnate should b... |
What is another name for magnates? | <text>What is another name for magnates?</text><reasoning>For many centuries, wealthy and powerful members of the szlachta sought to gain legal privileges over their peers. Few szlachta were wealthy enough to be known as magnates (karmazyni—the "Crimsons", from the crimson colour of their boots). A proper magnate shoul... |
A proper magnates own what? | <text>A proper magnates own what?</text><reasoning>For many centuries, wealthy and powerful members of the szlachta sought to gain legal privileges over their peers. Few szlachta were wealthy enough to be known as magnates (karmazyni—the "Crimsons", from the crimson colour of their boots). A proper magnate should be ab... |
Who is properly in the major office in the commonwealth? | <text>Who is properly in the major office in the commonwealth?</text><reasoning>For many centuries, wealthy and powerful members of the szlachta sought to gain legal privileges over their peers. Few szlachta were wealthy enough to be known as magnates (karmazyni—the "Crimsons", from the crimson colour of their boots). ... |
What was the movement called also known as execution of laws? | <text>What was the movement called also known as execution of laws?</text><reasoning>About that time the "executionist movement" (Polish: "egzekucja praw"--"execution of the laws") began to take form. Its members would seek to curb the power of the magnates at the Sejm and to strengthen the power of king and country. I... |
What were the intentions of executionists movement? | <text>What were the intentions of executionists movement?</text><reasoning>About that time the "executionist movement" (Polish: "egzekucja praw"--"execution of the laws") began to take form. Its members would seek to curb the power of the magnates at the Sejm and to strengthen the power of king and country. In 1562 at ... |
what did the Sejm in Piotrków forced the magnates to do? | <text>what did the Sejm in Piotrków forced the magnates to do?</text><reasoning>About that time the "executionist movement" (Polish: "egzekucja praw"--"execution of the laws") began to take form. Its members would seek to curb the power of the magnates at the Sejm and to strengthen the power of king and country. In 156... |
WHen did Jan Zamoyski. die? | <text>WHen did Jan Zamoyski. die?</text><reasoning>About that time the "executionist movement" (Polish: "egzekucja praw"--"execution of the laws") began to take form. Its members would seek to curb the power of the magnates at the Sejm and to strengthen the power of king and country. In 1562 at the Sejm in Piotrków the... |
What happened when Jan Zamoyski died? | <text>What happened when Jan Zamoyski died?</text><reasoning>About that time the "executionist movement" (Polish: "egzekucja praw"--"execution of the laws") began to take form. Its members would seek to curb the power of the magnates at the Sejm and to strengthen the power of king and country. In 1562 at the Sejm in Pi... |
The crown tribunal was created when? | <text>The crown tribunal was created when?</text><reasoning>In 1578 king Stefan Batory created the Crown Tribunal in order to reduce the enormous pressure on the Royal Court. This placed much of the monarch's juridical power in the hands of the elected szlachta deputies, further strengthening the nobility class. In 158... |
Who created the crown tribunal? | <text>Who created the crown tribunal?</text><reasoning>In 1578 king Stefan Batory created the Crown Tribunal in order to reduce the enormous pressure on the Royal Court. This placed much of the monarch's juridical power in the hands of the elected szlachta deputies, further strengthening the nobility class. In 1581 the... |
What was the crown tribunal supposed to do? | <text>What was the crown tribunal supposed to do?</text><reasoning>In 1578 king Stefan Batory created the Crown Tribunal in order to reduce the enormous pressure on the Royal Court. This placed much of the monarch's juridical power in the hands of the elected szlachta deputies, further strengthening the nobility class.... |
Where was a lot of power placed in result of the crown tribunal? | <text>Where was a lot of power placed in result of the crown tribunal?</text><reasoning>In 1578 king Stefan Batory created the Crown Tribunal in order to reduce the enormous pressure on the Royal Court. This placed much of the monarch's juridical power in the hands of the elected szlachta deputies, further strengthenin... |
WHo joined the crown tribunal eventually? | <text>WHo joined the crown tribunal eventually?</text><reasoning>In 1578 king Stefan Batory created the Crown Tribunal in order to reduce the enormous pressure on the Royal Court. This placed much of the monarch's juridical power in the hands of the elected szlachta deputies, further strengthening the nobility class. I... |
When were the Nieszawa statutes granted? | <text>When were the Nieszawa statutes granted?</text><reasoning>In 1454 King Casimir IV granted the Nieszawa Statutes (Polish: "statuty cerkwicko-nieszawskie"), clarifying the legal basis of voivodship sejmiks (local parliaments). The king could promulgate new laws, raise taxes, or call for a levée en masse (pospolite ... |
What did the Nieszawa statues clarify? | <text>What did the Nieszawa statues clarify?</text><reasoning>In 1454 King Casimir IV granted the Nieszawa Statutes (Polish: "statuty cerkwicko-nieszawskie"), clarifying the legal basis of voivodship sejmiks (local parliaments). The king could promulgate new laws, raise taxes, or call for a levée en masse (pospolite ru... |
THe nobility was protected from what? | <text>THe nobility was protected from what?</text><reasoning>In 1454 King Casimir IV granted the Nieszawa Statutes (Polish: "statuty cerkwicko-nieszawskie"), clarifying the legal basis of voivodship sejmiks (local parliaments). The king could promulgate new laws, raise taxes, or call for a levée en masse (pospolite rus... |
Whos power was curbed? | <text>Whos power was curbed?</text><reasoning>In 1454 King Casimir IV granted the Nieszawa Statutes (Polish: "statuty cerkwicko-nieszawskie"), clarifying the legal basis of voivodship sejmiks (local parliaments). The king could promulgate new laws, raise taxes, or call for a levée en masse (pospolite ruszenie) only wit... |
Why did the szlachta demand privileges? | <text>Why did the szlachta demand privileges?</text><reasoning>In 1454 King Casimir IV granted the Nieszawa Statutes (Polish: "statuty cerkwicko-nieszawskie"), clarifying the legal basis of voivodship sejmiks (local parliaments). The king could promulgate new laws, raise taxes, or call for a levée en masse (pospolite r... |
Who was the last king of the Jagiellonian dynasty? | <text>Who was the last king of the Jagiellonian dynasty?</text><reasoning>Until the death of Sigismund II Augustus, the last king of the Jagiellonian dynasty, monarchs could be elected from within only the royal family. However, starting from 1573, practically any Polish noble or foreigner of royal blood could become a... |
What stopped after the death of Sigismund II Augustus? | <text>What stopped after the death of Sigismund II Augustus?</text><reasoning>Until the death of Sigismund II Augustus, the last king of the Jagiellonian dynasty, monarchs could be elected from within only the royal family. However, starting from 1573, practically any Polish noble or foreigner of royal blood could beco... |
After 1573 who could become a polish-lithuanian monarch? | <text>After 1573 who could become a polish-lithuanian monarch?</text><reasoning>Until the death of Sigismund II Augustus, the last king of the Jagiellonian dynasty, monarchs could be elected from within only the royal family. However, starting from 1573, practically any Polish noble or foreigner of royal blood could be... |
How many documents should the new elected king sign? | <text>How many documents should the new elected king sign?</text><reasoning>Until the death of Sigismund II Augustus, the last king of the Jagiellonian dynasty, monarchs could be elected from within only the royal family. However, starting from 1573, practically any Polish noble or foreigner of royal blood could become... |
What was contained in the Henrican articles and the Pacta conventa? | <text>What was contained in the Henrican articles and the Pacta conventa?</text><reasoning>Until the death of Sigismund II Augustus, the last king of the Jagiellonian dynasty, monarchs could be elected from within only the royal family. However, starting from 1573, practically any Polish noble or foreigner of royal blo... |
Where did the confirmation of privileges of Jedlnia take place? | <text>Where did the confirmation of privileges of Jedlnia take place?</text><reasoning>In 1430 with the Privileges of Jedlnia, confirmed at Kraków in 1433 (Polish: "przywileje jedlneńsko-krakowskie"), based partially on his earlier Brześć Kujawski privilege (April 25, 1425), King Władysław II Jagiełło granted the nobil... |
WHat was the privileges of jedlnia based mostly off of? | <text>WHat was the privileges of jedlnia based mostly off of?</text><reasoning>In 1430 with the Privileges of Jedlnia, confirmed at Kraków in 1433 (Polish: "przywileje jedlneńsko-krakowskie"), based partially on his earlier Brześć Kujawski privilege (April 25, 1425), King Władysław II Jagiełło granted the nobility a gu... |
What was simliar to the english magna cartas habeas corpus? | <text>What was simliar to the english magna cartas habeas corpus?</text><reasoning>In 1430 with the Privileges of Jedlnia, confirmed at Kraków in 1433 (Polish: "przywileje jedlneńsko-krakowskie"), based partially on his earlier Brześć Kujawski privilege (April 25, 1425), King Władysław II Jagiełło granted the nobility ... |
What does a court need to imprison a member of the nobility? | <text>What does a court need to imprison a member of the nobility?</text><reasoning>In 1430 with the Privileges of Jedlnia, confirmed at Kraków in 1433 (Polish: "przywileje jedlneńsko-krakowskie"), based partially on his earlier Brześć Kujawski privilege (April 25, 1425), King Władysław II Jagiełło granted the nobility... |
What was the nobles guarantee that his throne would be inherited by his sons? | <text>What was the nobles guarantee that his throne would be inherited by his sons?</text><reasoning>In 1430 with the Privileges of Jedlnia, confirmed at Kraków in 1433 (Polish: "przywileje jedlneńsko-krakowskie"), based partially on his earlier Brześć Kujawski privilege (April 25, 1425), King Władysław II Jagiełło gra... |
Magnates recieved gifts often from who? | <text>Magnates recieved gifts often from who?</text><reasoning>Magnates often received gifts from monarchs, which significantly increased their wealth. Often, those gifts were only temporary leases, which the magnates never returned (in the 16th century, the anti-magnate opposition among szlachta was known as the ruch ... |
What significantly increased the magnates wealth? | <text>What significantly increased the magnates wealth?</text><reasoning>Magnates often received gifts from monarchs, which significantly increased their wealth. Often, those gifts were only temporary leases, which the magnates never returned (in the 16th century, the anti-magnate opposition among szlachta was known as... |
What terms were these gifts given? | <text>What terms were these gifts given?</text><reasoning>Magnates often received gifts from monarchs, which significantly increased their wealth. Often, those gifts were only temporary leases, which the magnates never returned (in the 16th century, the anti-magnate opposition among szlachta was known as the ruch egzek... |
What did the magnates do eventually with the gifts? | <text>What did the magnates do eventually with the gifts?</text><reasoning>Magnates often received gifts from monarchs, which significantly increased their wealth. Often, those gifts were only temporary leases, which the magnates never returned (in the 16th century, the anti-magnate opposition among szlachta was known ... |
Children inherited polish nobility from whom? | <text>Children inherited polish nobility from whom?</text><reasoning>All children of the Polish nobility inherited their noble status from a noble mother and father. Any individual could attain ennoblement (nobilitacja) for special services to the state. A foreign noble might be naturalised as a Polish noble (Polish: "... |
What does an individual do to attain ennoblement? | <text>What does an individual do to attain ennoblement?</text><reasoning>All children of the Polish nobility inherited their noble status from a noble mother and father. Any individual could attain ennoblement (nobilitacja) for special services to the state. A foreign noble might be naturalised as a Polish noble (Polis... |
WHo could naturalize a polish noble? | <text>WHo could naturalize a polish noble?</text><reasoning>All children of the Polish nobility inherited their noble status from a noble mother and father. Any individual could attain ennoblement (nobilitacja) for special services to the state. A foreign noble might be naturalised as a Polish noble (Polish: "indygenat... |
What is another name for ennoblement? | <text>What is another name for ennoblement?</text><reasoning>All children of the Polish nobility inherited their noble status from a noble mother and father. Any individual could attain ennoblement (nobilitacja) for special services to the state. A foreign noble might be naturalised as a Polish noble (Polish: "indygena... |
WHat is another name for polish noble? | <text>WHat is another name for polish noble?</text><reasoning>All children of the Polish nobility inherited their noble status from a noble mother and father. Any individual could attain ennoblement (nobilitacja) for special services to the state. A foreign noble might be naturalised as a Polish noble (Polish: "indygen... |
Who could compose the polish landed gentry? | <text>Who could compose the polish landed gentry?</text><reasoning>Note that the Polish landed gentry (ziemianie or ziemiaństwo) was composed of any nobility that owned lands: thus of course the magnates, the middle nobility and that lesser nobility that had at least part of the village. As manorial lordships were also... |
whats is another name for polish landed gentry? | <text>whats is another name for polish landed gentry?</text><reasoning>Note that the Polish landed gentry (ziemianie or ziemiaństwo) was composed of any nobility that owned lands: thus of course the magnates, the middle nobility and that lesser nobility that had at least part of the village. As manorial lordships were ... |
What was rarely used? | <text>What was rarely used?</text><reasoning>Also, the tradition of differentiating between the coat of arms proper and a lozenge granted to women did not develop in Poland. Usually men inherited the coat of arms from their fathers. Also, the brisure was rarely used.</reasoning><output>brisure</output> |
Where did the coat of arms proper and a lozenge granted to women not develoupe? | <text>Where did the coat of arms proper and a lozenge granted to women not develoupe?</text><reasoning>Also, the tradition of differentiating between the coat of arms proper and a lozenge granted to women did not develop in Poland. Usually men inherited the coat of arms from their fathers. Also, the brisure was rarely... |
Where did men get their coat of arms usually? | <text>Where did men get their coat of arms usually?</text><reasoning>Also, the tradition of differentiating between the coat of arms proper and a lozenge granted to women did not develop in Poland. Usually men inherited the coat of arms from their fathers. Also, the brisure was rarely used.</reasoning><output>their fat... |
What was different between the polish nobility and others? | <text>What was different between the polish nobility and others?</text><reasoning>The Polish nobility differed in many respects from the nobility of other countries. The most important difference was that, while in most European countries the nobility lost power as the ruler strove for absolute monarchy, in Poland the ... |
What happened to nobility at expense of the king? | <text>What happened to nobility at expense of the king?</text><reasoning>The Polish nobility differed in many respects from the nobility of other countries. The most important difference was that, while in most European countries the nobility lost power as the ruler strove for absolute monarchy, in Poland the reverse p... |
What did the political system eventually evolve into? | <text>What did the political system eventually evolve into?</text><reasoning>The Polish nobility differed in many respects from the nobility of other countries. The most important difference was that, while in most European countries the nobility lost power as the ruler strove for absolute monarchy, in Poland the rever... |
What did the ruler strive for? | <text>What did the ruler strive for?</text><reasoning>The Polish nobility differed in many respects from the nobility of other countries. The most important difference was that, while in most European countries the nobility lost power as the ruler strove for absolute monarchy, in Poland the reverse process occurred: th... |
WHen was the period of Division? | <text>WHen was the period of Division?</text><reasoning>The Period of Division from, A.D., 1138 – A.D., 1314, which included nearly 200 years of feudal fragmentation and which stemmed from Bolesław III's division of Poland among his sons, was the genesis of the social structure which saw the economic elevation of the g... |
What stemmed the period of division? | <text>What stemmed the period of division?</text><reasoning>The Period of Division from, A.D., 1138 – A.D., 1314, which included nearly 200 years of feudal fragmentation and which stemmed from Bolesław III's division of Poland among his sons, was the genesis of the social structure which saw the economic elevation of t... |
What tribe was the prior social structure from? | <text>What tribe was the prior social structure from?</text><reasoning>The Period of Division from, A.D., 1138 – A.D., 1314, which included nearly 200 years of feudal fragmentation and which stemmed from Bolesław III's division of Poland among his sons, was the genesis of the social structure which saw the economic ele... |
WHen did the Piast dynasty appear? | <text>WHen did the Piast dynasty appear?</text><reasoning>The Period of Division from, A.D., 1138 – A.D., 1314, which included nearly 200 years of feudal fragmentation and which stemmed from Bolesław III's division of Poland among his sons, was the genesis of the social structure which saw the economic elevation of the... |
Polish nation ruled by what dynasty? | <text>Polish nation ruled by what dynasty?</text><reasoning>The Period of Division from, A.D., 1138 – A.D., 1314, which included nearly 200 years of feudal fragmentation and which stemmed from Bolesław III's division of Poland among his sons, was the genesis of the social structure which saw the economic elevation of t... |
There is a theory that in Greek Alpes is a name of what origin? | <text>There is a theory that in Greek Alpes is a name of what origin?</text><reasoning>This may be consistent with the theory that in Greek Alpes is a name of non-Indo-European origin (which is common for prominent mountains and mountain ranges in the Mediterranean region). According to the Old English Dictionary, the ... |
What name has been used as a name for a number of mountainous areas across Europe? | <text>What name has been used as a name for a number of mountainous areas across Europe?</text><reasoning>This may be consistent with the theory that in Greek Alpes is a name of non-Indo-European origin (which is common for prominent mountains and mountain ranges in the Mediterranean region). According to the Old Engli... |
Albania was a name for what during Roman Times? | <text>Albania was a name for what during Roman Times?</text><reasoning>This may be consistent with the theory that in Greek Alpes is a name of non-Indo-European origin (which is common for prominent mountains and mountain ranges in the Mediterranean region). According to the Old English Dictionary, the Latin Alpes migh... |
Albania was occasionally used as a name for what in the English language? | <text>Albania was occasionally used as a name for what in the English language?</text><reasoning>This may be consistent with the theory that in Greek Alpes is a name of non-Indo-European origin (which is common for prominent mountains and mountain ranges in the Mediterranean region). According to the Old English Dictio... |
When did King Louis of Hungary approve the privilege of Koszyce? | <text>When did King Louis of Hungary approve the privilege of Koszyce?</text><reasoning>In 1374 King Louis of Hungary approved the Privilege of Koszyce (Polish: "przywilej koszycki" or "ugoda koszycka") in Košice in order to guarantee the Polish throne for his daughter Jadwiga. He broadened the definition of who was a ... |
WHy did King louis approve the privilege? | <text>WHy did King louis approve the privilege?</text><reasoning>In 1374 King Louis of Hungary approved the Privilege of Koszyce (Polish: "przywilej koszycki" or "ugoda koszycka") in Košice in order to guarantee the Polish throne for his daughter Jadwiga. He broadened the definition of who was a member of the nobility ... |
What did king louis of hungary do for the nobles? | <text>What did king louis of hungary do for the nobles?</text><reasoning>In 1374 King Louis of Hungary approved the Privilege of Koszyce (Polish: "przywilej koszycki" or "ugoda koszycka") in Košice in order to guarantee the Polish throne for his daughter Jadwiga. He broadened the definition of who was a member of the n... |
WHat happened to the kings right to raise taxes? | <text>WHat happened to the kings right to raise taxes?</text><reasoning>In 1374 King Louis of Hungary approved the Privilege of Koszyce (Polish: "przywilej koszycki" or "ugoda koszycka") in Košice in order to guarantee the Polish throne for his daughter Jadwiga. He broadened the definition of who was a member of the no... |
What could the king do to nobles injured or taken during war? | <text>What could the king do to nobles injured or taken during war?</text><reasoning>In 1374 King Louis of Hungary approved the Privilege of Koszyce (Polish: "przywilej koszycki" or "ugoda koszycka") in Košice in order to guarantee the Polish throne for his daughter Jadwiga. He broadened the definition of who was a mem... |
What is the most notable difference between countries? | <text>What is the most notable difference between countries?</text><reasoning>The most notable difference is that, contrary to other European heraldic systems, the Jews, Muslim Tatars or another minorities would be given the noble title. Also, most families sharing origin would also share a coat-of-arms. They would als... |
Coat of arms would be shared with who else? | <text>Coat of arms would be shared with who else?</text><reasoning>The most notable difference is that, contrary to other European heraldic systems, the Jews, Muslim Tatars or another minorities would be given the noble title. Also, most families sharing origin would also share a coat-of-arms. They would also share arm... |
How would unrelated families be attributed to the clan? | <text>How would unrelated families be attributed to the clan?</text><reasoning>The most notable difference is that, contrary to other European heraldic systems, the Jews, Muslim Tatars or another minorities would be given the noble title. Also, most families sharing origin would also share a coat-of-arms. They would al... |
Did number of cat of arms in the late middle ages fall? | <text>Did number of cat of arms in the late middle ages fall?</text><reasoning>The most notable difference is that, contrary to other European heraldic systems, the Jews, Muslim Tatars or another minorities would be given the noble title. Also, most families sharing origin would also share a coat-of-arms. They would al... |
During which period was Vigil a poet? | <text>During which period was Vigil a poet?</text><reasoning>Publius Vergilius Maro (Classical Latin: [ˈpuː.blɪ.ʊs wɛrˈɡɪ.lɪ.ʊs ˈma.roː]; October 15, 70 BC – September 21, 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil /ˈvɜːrdʒᵻl/ in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He is known for three major works ... |
How many major works of literature is Virgil known for? | <text>How many major works of literature is Virgil known for?</text><reasoning>Publius Vergilius Maro (Classical Latin: [ˈpuː.blɪ.ʊs wɛrˈɡɪ.lɪ.ʊs ˈma.roː]; October 15, 70 BC – September 21, 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil /ˈvɜːrdʒᵻl/ in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He is known for ... |
Which major Latin epic is Virgil known for? | <text>Which major Latin epic is Virgil known for?</text><reasoning>Publius Vergilius Maro (Classical Latin: [ˈpuː.blɪ.ʊs wɛrˈɡɪ.lɪ.ʊs ˈma.roː]; October 15, 70 BC – September 21, 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil /ˈvɜːrdʒᵻl/ in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He is known for three major ... |
What is Virgil's full name? | <text>What is Virgil's full name?</text><reasoning>Publius Vergilius Maro (Classical Latin: [ˈpuː.blɪ.ʊs wɛrˈɡɪ.lɪ.ʊs ˈma.roː]; October 15, 70 BC – September 21, 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil /ˈvɜːrdʒᵻl/ in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He is known for three major works of Latin l... |
Which collection of minor poems are sometimes attributed to Virgil? | <text>Which collection of minor poems are sometimes attributed to Virgil?</text><reasoning>Publius Vergilius Maro (Classical Latin: [ˈpuː.blɪ.ʊs wɛrˈɡɪ.lɪ.ʊs ˈma.roː]; October 15, 70 BC – September 21, 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil /ˈvɜːrdʒᵻl/ in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He i... |
In theory how were all polish noblemen viewed? | <text>In theory how were all polish noblemen viewed?</text><reasoning>In theory at least, all Polish noblemen were social equals. Also in theory, they were legal peers. Those who held 'real power' dignities were more privileged but these dignities were not hereditary. Those who held honorary dignities were higher in 'r... |
Was was unique about the dignities? | <text>Was was unique about the dignities?</text><reasoning>In theory at least, all Polish noblemen were social equals. Also in theory, they were legal peers. Those who held 'real power' dignities were more privileged but these dignities were not hereditary. Those who held honorary dignities were higher in 'ritual' hier... |
If one is high in dignities they are also high in what other form? | <text>If one is high in dignities they are also high in what other form?</text><reasoning>In theory at least, all Polish noblemen were social equals. Also in theory, they were legal peers. Those who held 'real power' dignities were more privileged but these dignities were not hereditary. Those who held honorary digniti... |
Nobles held land form whom? | <text>Nobles held land form whom?</text><reasoning>In theory at least, all Polish noblemen were social equals. Also in theory, they were legal peers. Those who held 'real power' dignities were more privileged but these dignities were not hereditary. Those who held honorary dignities were higher in 'ritual' hierarchy bu... |
What class was polands nobility? | <text>What class was polands nobility?</text><reasoning>There were a number of avenues to upward social mobility and the achievement of nobility. Poland's nobility was not a rigidly exclusive, closed class. Many low-born individuals, including townsfolk, peasants and Jews, could and did rise to official ennoblement in ... |
Who could rise into polish ennoblement? | <text>Who could rise into polish ennoblement?</text><reasoning>There were a number of avenues to upward social mobility and the achievement of nobility. Poland's nobility was not a rigidly exclusive, closed class. Many low-born individuals, including townsfolk, peasants and Jews, could and did rise to official ennoblem... |
How much influence did each szlachcic have over politics? | <text>How much influence did each szlachcic have over politics?</text><reasoning>There were a number of avenues to upward social mobility and the achievement of nobility. Poland's nobility was not a rigidly exclusive, closed class. Many low-born individuals, including townsfolk, peasants and Jews, could and did rise to... |
WHo could nullify all the proceedings of a given sejm? | <text>WHo could nullify all the proceedings of a given sejm?</text><reasoning>There were a number of avenues to upward social mobility and the achievement of nobility. Poland's nobility was not a rigidly exclusive, closed class. Many low-born individuals, including townsfolk, peasants and Jews, could and did rise to of... |
What is is called to nullify proceedings? | <text>What is is called to nullify proceedings?</text><reasoning>There were a number of avenues to upward social mobility and the achievement of nobility. Poland's nobility was not a rigidly exclusive, closed class. Many low-born individuals, including townsfolk, peasants and Jews, could and did rise to official ennobl... |
Who redused 64,000 szlachta to commoner status? | <text>Who redused 64,000 szlachta to commoner status?</text><reasoning>In the 1840s Nicholas I reduced 64,000 szlachta to commoner status. Despite this, 62.8% of Russia's nobles were szlachta in 1858 and still 46.1% in 1897. Serfdom was abolished in Russian Poland on February 19, 1864. It was deliberately enacted in a ... |
IN 1858 who was szlachta out of all the russian nobles? | <text>IN 1858 who was szlachta out of all the russian nobles?</text><reasoning>In the 1840s Nicholas I reduced 64,000 szlachta to commoner status. Despite this, 62.8% of Russia's nobles were szlachta in 1858 and still 46.1% in 1897. Serfdom was abolished in Russian Poland on February 19, 1864. It was deliberately enact... |
When and who abolished the serfdom? | <text>When and who abolished the serfdom?</text><reasoning>In the 1840s Nicholas I reduced 64,000 szlachta to commoner status. Despite this, 62.8% of Russia's nobles were szlachta in 1858 and still 46.1% in 1897. Serfdom was abolished in Russian Poland on February 19, 1864. It was deliberately enacted in a way that wou... |
Who could the ex serfs sell their land to? | <text>Who could the ex serfs sell their land to?</text><reasoning>In the 1840s Nicholas I reduced 64,000 szlachta to commoner status. Despite this, 62.8% of Russia's nobles were szlachta in 1858 and still 46.1% in 1897. Serfdom was abolished in Russian Poland on February 19, 1864. It was deliberately enacted in a way t... |
How much land was held by the peasants? | <text>How much land was held by the peasants?</text><reasoning>In the 1840s Nicholas I reduced 64,000 szlachta to commoner status. Despite this, 62.8% of Russia's nobles were szlachta in 1858 and still 46.1% in 1897. Serfdom was abolished in Russian Poland on February 19, 1864. It was deliberately enacted in a way that... |
Which of Virgil's works is considered the national epic of ancient Rome? | <text>Which of Virgil's works is considered the national epic of ancient Rome?</text><reasoning>Virgil is traditionally ranked as one of Rome's greatest poets. His Aeneid has been considered the national epic of ancient Rome from the time of its composition to the present day. Modeled after Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, t... |
Which works did Virgil model the Aeneid after? | <text>Which works did Virgil model the Aeneid after?</text><reasoning>Virgil is traditionally ranked as one of Rome's greatest poets. His Aeneid has been considered the national epic of ancient Rome from the time of its composition to the present day. Modeled after Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, the Aeneid follows the Troj... |
Who is the main character in the Aeneid? | <text>Who is the main character in the Aeneid?</text><reasoning>Virgil is traditionally ranked as one of Rome's greatest poets. His Aeneid has been considered the national epic of ancient Rome from the time of its composition to the present day. Modeled after Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, the Aeneid follows the Trojan ref... |
What was Aeneas trying to accomplish in the Aeneid? | <text>What was Aeneas trying to accomplish in the Aeneid?</text><reasoning>Virgil is traditionally ranked as one of Rome's greatest poets. His Aeneid has been considered the national epic of ancient Rome from the time of its composition to the present day. Modeled after Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, the Aeneid follows the... |
Who appears as Dante's guide through hell and purgatory in the Divine Comedy? | <text>Who appears as Dante's guide through hell and purgatory in the Divine Comedy?</text><reasoning>Virgil is traditionally ranked as one of Rome's greatest poets. His Aeneid has been considered the national epic of ancient Rome from the time of its composition to the present day. Modeled after Homer's Iliad and Odyss... |
Who helped finish the Aeneid? | <text>Who helped finish the Aeneid?</text><reasoning>Sometime after the publication of the Eclogues (probably before 37 BC), Virgil became part of the circle of Maecenas, Octavian's capable agent d'affaires who sought to counter sympathy for Antony among the leading families by rallying Roman literary figures to Octavi... |
When where the Eclogues likely published? | <text>When where the Eclogues likely published?</text><reasoning>Sometime after the publication of the Eclogues (probably before 37 BC), Virgil became part of the circle of Maecenas, Octavian's capable agent d'affaires who sought to counter sympathy for Antony among the leading families by rallying Roman literary figur... |
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