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The washability analysis is widely known in bulk material analysis, where the specific density is the physical property describing the liberation and the separation results, which is then in the form of the partition curve. The partition curve is defined as the curve which gives as a function of a physical property or ... | 1 | Separation Processes |
The first frozen zoo was established at the San Diego Zoo by pathologist Kurt Benirschke in 1972. At the time there was no technology available to make use of the collection, but Benirschke believed such technology would be developed in the future. The frozen zoo idea was later supported in Gregory Benford's 1992 paper... | 0 | Cryobiology |
Cooling catheters are inserted into a femoral vein. Cooled saline solution is circulated through either a metal coated tube or a balloon in the catheter. The saline cools the persons whole body by lowering the temperature of a persons blood. Catheters reduce temperature at rates ranging from per hour. Through the use ... | 0 | Cryobiology |
Mixtures of cryoprotectants have less toxicity and are more effective than single-agent cryoprotectants. A mixture of formamide with DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), propylene glycol, and a colloid was for many years the most effective of all artificially created cryoprotectants. Cryoprotectant mixtures have been used for vi... | 0 | Cryobiology |
As a scientist with the American Red Cross, Fahy was the originator of the first practical method of cryopreservation by vitrification and the inventor of computer-based systems to apply this technology to whole organs. Before joining Twenty-First Century Medicine, he was the chief scientist for Organ, Inc and of LRT, ... | 0 | Cryobiology |
The main application of these space groups is to magnetic structure, where the black/white lattice points correspond to spin up/spin down configuration of electron spin. More abstractly, the magnetic space groups are often thought of as representing time reversal symmetry. This is in contrast to time crystals, which in... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
At least three biological pathways support trehalose biosynthesis. An industrial process can derive trehalose from corn starch. | 2 | Carbohydrates |
The term spiral separator can refer to either a device for separating slurry components by density (wet spiral separators), or for a device for sorting particles by shape (dry spiral separators). | 1 | Separation Processes |
The MIRAGE Commission consists of three groups which tightly interact with each other.
The advisory board consists of leading scientists in glycobiology, who, for example, critically review the outcomes of the working group and promote the reporting guidelines within the community.
The working group seeks for external ... | 2 | Carbohydrates |
The thickness of the ozone layer varies worldwide and is generally thinner near the equator and thicker near the poles. Thickness refers to how much ozone is in a column over a given area and varies from season to season. The reasons for these variations are due to atmospheric circulation patterns and solar intensity.
... | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
A sized screen fraction with a size range coefficient (d95/d5) of 2-5 (optimal 2-3) is fed onto a vibratory feeder which has the function to create a mono-layer, by pre-accelerating the particles. A common misunderstanding in plant design is, that you can use the vibratory feeder to discharge from a buffer bunker but a... | 1 | Separation Processes |
* If it takes more than five minutes to form 1/8 in. cake thicknesses, continuous filtration should not be attempted.
* For negligible cake build up in clarification, cartridges, pre-coat drums, or sand filters are used for filtration
*When the filtering surface is expected to be more than a few square meters, it is ad... | 1 | Separation Processes |
The development of various methods of cryopreservation of bovine embryos improved embryo transfer technique considerably efficient technology, no longer depending on the immediate readiness of suitable recipients. Pregnancy rates are just slightly less than those achieved with fresh embryos. Recently, the use of cryopr... | 0 | Cryobiology |
Many known phosphorylation sites and O-GlcNAcylation sites are nearby each other or overlapping. As protein O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation both occur on serine and threonine residues, these post-translational modifications can regulate each other. For example, in CKIIα, S347 O-GlcNAc has been shown to antagonize ... | 2 | Carbohydrates |
UV disinfection is most effective for treating high-clarity, purified reverse osmosis distilled water. Suspended particles are a problem because microorganisms buried within particles are shielded from the UV light and pass through the unit unaffected. However, UV systems can be coupled with a pre-filter to remove thos... | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
The Classical Heisenberg model, developed by Werner Heisenberg, is the case of the n-vector model, one of the models used in statistical physics to model ferromagnetism, and other phenomena. | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
In spite of the second law of thermodynamics, crystallization of pure liquids usually begins at a lower temperature than the melting point, due to high activation energy of homogeneous nucleation. The creation of a nucleus implies the formation of an interface at the boundaries of the new phase. Some energy is expended... | 0 | Cryobiology |
This method is the same as the above but where two (or more) solvents are used. This relies on both "compound A" and "impurity B" being soluble in a first solvent. A second solvent is slowly added. Either "compound A" or "impurity B" will be insoluble in this solvent and precipitate, whilst the other of "compound A"/"i... | 1 | Separation Processes |
Dilution is the process of decreasing the concentration of a solute in a solution, usually simply by mixing with more solvent like adding more water to the solution. To dilute a solution means to add more solvent without the addition of more solute. The resulting solution is thoroughly mixed so as to ensure that all p... | 1 | Separation Processes |
UV rays also treat certain skin conditions. Modern phototherapy has been used to successfully treat psoriasis, eczema, jaundice, vitiligo, atopic dermatitis, and localized scleroderma. In addition, UV light, in particular UV‑B radiation, has been shown to induce cell cycle arrest in keratinocytes, the most common type ... | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
With the help of lithography techniques, it is possible to fabricate sub-micrometer size magnetic islands whose geometric arrangement reproduces the frustration found in naturally occurring spin ice materials. Recently R. F. Wang et al. reported the discovery of an artificial geometrically frustrated magnet composed of... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
As of 2015 hypothermia had shown no improvements in neurological outcomes or in mortality in neurosurgery. | 0 | Cryobiology |
Applications:
* The rotary filter is most suitable for continuous operation on large quantities of slurry.
* If the slurry contains considerable amount of solids, that is, in the range of 15-30%.
* Examples of pharmaceutical applications include the collection of calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate and starch.
* The... | 1 | Separation Processes |
There are at least three stages involve in the operation of a vacuum disc filter:
Stage 1: Cake formation
The discs rotate in a slurry trough, compartmentalized to reduce the volume held in it at any one time, and therefore to reduce the residence time of slurry in the trough. The time available for this stage depends ... | 1 | Separation Processes |
The first transfer of an embryo from one human to another resulting in pregnancy was reported in July 1983 and subsequently led to the announcement of the first human birth 3 February 1984. This procedure was performed at the Harbor UCLA Medical Center under the direction of Dr. John Buster and the University of Calif... | 0 | Cryobiology |
The remarkable diversity and distribution of AFPs suggest the different types evolved recently in response to sea level glaciation occurring 1–2 million years ago in the Northern hemisphere and 10-30 million years ago in Antarctica. Data collected from deep sea ocean drilling has revealed that the development of the An... | 0 | Cryobiology |
Separation processes are of great economic importance as they are accounting for 40 – 90% of capital and operating costs in industry. The separation processes of mixtures are including besides others washing, extraction, pressing, drying, clarification, evaporation, crystallization and filtration. Often several separat... | 1 | Separation Processes |
Xylomannan is an antifreeze molecule, found in the freeze-tolerant Alaskan beetle Upis ceramboides. Unlike antifreeze proteins, xylomannan is not a protein. Instead, it is a combination of a sugar (saccharide) and a fatty acid that is found in cell membranes. As such is expected to work in a different manner than AF... | 0 | Cryobiology |
*. [http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0305-4608/5/5/017/meta;jsessionid=4B8D9A38523A828CD28C8CE67DD973E8.c5.iopscience.cld.iop.org ShieldSquare Captcha]
*. [https://archive.today/20130415143828/http://papercore.org/Sherrington1975 Papercore Summary http://papercore.org/Sherrington1975]
* [https://archive.today/... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
HTK (branded as Custodiol® by Essential Pharmaceuticals LLC), has been presented by industry to surgeons as an alternative solution that exceeds other cardioplegias in myocardial protection during cardiac surgery. This claim relies on the single-dose administration of HTK compared with other multidose cardioplegias (MD... | 0 | Cryobiology |
Cryoprotectants operate by increasing the solute concentration in cells. However, in order to be biologically viable they must easily penetrate and must not be toxic to cells. | 0 | Cryobiology |
Galactomannans are used in foods as stabilisers. Guar and locust bean gum (LBG) are commonly used in ice cream to improve texture and reduce ice cream meltdown. LBG is also used extensively in cream cheese, fruit preparations and salad dressings. Tara gum is seeing growing acceptability as a food ingredient but is stil... | 2 | Carbohydrates |
Hypothermia continues to be a major limitation to swimming or diving in cold water. The reduction in finger dexterity due to pain or numbness decreases general safety and work capacity, which consequently increases the risk of other injuries.
Other factors predisposing to immersion hypothermia include dehydration, inad... | 0 | Cryobiology |
More sophisticated variants of sublimation apparatus include those that apply a temperature gradient so as to allow for controlled recrystallization of different fractions along the cold surface. Thermodynamic processes follow a statistical distribution, and suitably designed apparatus exploit this principle with a gra... | 1 | Separation Processes |
During the separation, the cell only needs to be suspended in a buffer solution and enter a centrifuge, the whole processes does not involve any chemical (e.g. staining) and physical (e.g. attachment of antibody, lyses of cell membrane) effect on the cells, so the cell will remain unchanged before and after the separat... | 1 | Separation Processes |
Some notable hysteretic models are listed below with their associated fields.
* Bean's critical state model (magnetism)
* Bouc–Wen model (structural engineering)
* Ising model (magnetism)
* Jiles–Atherton model (magnetism)
* Novak–Tyson model (cell-cycle control)
* Preisach model (magnetism)
* Stoner–Wohlfarth model (m... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
In 1890 the Danish physician Niels Ryberg Finsen developed a carbon arc lamp ("Finsen's light" or a "Finsen lamp") that produced ultraviolet radiation for use in skin therapy, including to treat lupus vulgaris. He won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work.
Until the late 19th century in Europe and... | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
Targeted temperature management (TTM) previously known as therapeutic hypothermia or protective hypothermia is an active treatment that tries to achieve and maintain a specific body temperature in a person for a specific duration of time in an effort to improve health outcomes during recovery after a period of stopped ... | 0 | Cryobiology |
All chromatographic purifications and separations which are executed via solvent gradient batch chromatography can be performed using MCSGP. Typical examples are reversed phase purification of peptides, hydrophobic interaction chromatography for fatty acids or for example ion exchange chromatography of proteins or anti... | 1 | Separation Processes |
UV pinning enhances the management of drop size and image integrity, minimizing the unwanted mixing of drops and providing the highest possible image quality and the sharpest colour rendering.
Challenge:
Overcome the wetting problems that were causing UV-Curable inks to spread and cause ink droplets to bleed into each ... | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
An optical filter can be used to block out visible light and near-ultraviolet light. It is important to have a high transmittance within the solar-blind spectrum, but to strongly block the other wavelengths.
Interference filters can pass 25% of the wanted rays, and reduce others by 1000 to 10,000 times. However they ar... | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
Fructose consumption results in the insulin-independent induction of several important hepatic lipogenic enzymes including pyruvate kinase, NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase, citrate lyase, acetyl CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, as well as pyruvate dehydrogenase. Although not a consistent finding among metaboli... | 2 | Carbohydrates |
Using UV light for disinfection of drinking water dates back to 1910 in Marseille, France. The prototype plant was shut down after a short time due to poor reliability. In 1955, UV water treatment systems were applied in Austria and Switzerland; by 1985 about 1,500 plants were employed in Europe. In 1998 it was discove... | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
A ferrimagnetic material is a material that has populations of atoms with opposing magnetic moments, as in antiferromagnetism, but these moments are unequal in magnitude, so a spontaneous magnetization remains. This can for example occur when the populations consist of different atoms or ions (such as Fe and Fe).
Like ... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
Plants produce glucosinolates in response to the degree of herbivory being suffered. Their production in relation to atmospheric CO concentrations is complex: increased CO can give increased, decreased or unchanged production and there may be genetic variation within the Brassicales. | 2 | Carbohydrates |
In the United States, overall availability of IVF in 2005 was 2.5 IVF physicians per 100,000 population, and utilisation was 236 IVF cycles per 100,000. 126 procedures are performed per million people per year. Utilisation highly increases with availability and IVF insurance coverage, and to a significant extent also w... | 0 | Cryobiology |
In 2020, the first cloned Przewalski's horse was born, the result of a collaboration between San Diego Zoo Global, ViaGen Equine and Revive & Restore. The cloning was carried out by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), whereby a viable embryo is created by transplanting the DNA-containing nucleus of a somatic cell int... | 0 | Cryobiology |
The uranium is then stripped from the DEHPA/kerosene solution with hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, or carbonate solutions. Sodium carbonate solutions effectively strip uranium from the organic layer, but the sodium salt of DEHPA is somewhat soluble in water, which can lead to loss of the extractant. | 1 | Separation Processes |
Adduct purification is a technique for preparing extremely pure simple organometallic compounds, which are generally unstable and hard to handle, by purifying a stable adduct with a Lewis acid and then obtaining the desired product from the pure adduct by thermal decomposition.
Epichem Limited is the licensee of the ma... | 1 | Separation Processes |
Salt compounds dissociate in aqueous solutions. This property is exploited in the process of salting out. When the salt concentration is increased, some of the water molecules are attracted by the salt ions, which decreases the number of water molecules available to interact with the charged part of the protein.
There ... | 1 | Separation Processes |
Government agencies in China passed bans on the use of IVF in 2003 by unmarried people or by couples with certain infectious diseases.
In India, the use of IVF as a means of sex selection (preimplantation genetic diagnosis) is banned under the Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act, 1994.
Sunni Muslim n... | 0 | Cryobiology |
* Centrifugation and cyclonic separation, separates based on density differences
* Chelation
* Chromatography separates dissolved substances by different interaction with (i.e., travel through) a material.
** High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
** Thin-layer chromatography (TLC)
** Countercurrent chromatograp... | 1 | Separation Processes |
The main data stored in CSDB are carbohydrate structures of bacterial, fungal, and plant origin. Each structure is assigned to an organism and is provided with the link(s) to the corresponding scientific publication(s), in which it was described. Apart from structural data, CSDB also stores NMR spectra, information on ... | 2 | Carbohydrates |
Lactulose is a disaccharide formed from one molecule each of the simple sugars (monosaccharides) fructose and galactose. Lactulose is not normally present in raw milk, but is a product of heat processes: the greater the heat, the greater amount of this substance (from 3.5 mg/L in low-temperature pasteurized milk to 744... | 2 | Carbohydrates |
Monosaccharides are the major fuel source for metabolism, being used both as an energy source (glucose being the most important in nature as it is the product of photosynthesis in plants) and in biosynthesis. When monosaccharides are not immediately needed, they are often converted to more space-efficient (i.e., less w... | 2 | Carbohydrates |
Cryoneurolysis, also referred to as cryoanalgesia, is a medical procedure that temporarily blocks nerve conduction along peripheral nerve pathways. The procedure, which inserts a small probe to freeze the target nerve, can facilitate complete regeneration of the structure and function of the affected nerve. Cryoneuroly... | 0 | Cryobiology |
The black-white Bravais lattices characterize the translational symmetry of the structure like the typical Bravais lattices, but also contain additional symmetry elements. For black-white Bravais lattices, the number of black and white sites is always equal. There are 14 traditional Bravais lattices, 14 grey lattices, ... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is criticised for giving select demographic groups disproportionate access to a means of creating a child possessing characteristics that they consider "ideal". Many fertile couples now demand equal access to embryonic screening so that their child can be just as healthy as one ... | 0 | Cryobiology |
A heterogeneous mixture (e. g. liquid and solid) can be separated by mechanical separation processes like filtration or centrifugation. Homogeneous mixtures can be separated by molecular separation processes; these are either equilibrium-based or rate-controlled. Equilibrium-based processes are operating by the formati... | 1 | Separation Processes |
Each nerve is composed of a bundle of axons. Each axon is surrounded by the endoneurium connective tissue layer. These axons are bundled into fascicles surrounded by the perineurium connective tissue layer. Multiple fascicles are then surrounded by the epineurium, which is the outermost connective tissue layer of the n... | 0 | Cryobiology |
According to a study done by the Mayo Clinic, miscarriage rates for IVF are somewhere between 15 and 25% for those under the age of 35. In naturally conceived pregnancies, the rate of miscarriage is between 10 and 20% for those under the age of 35. Risk of miscarriage, regardless of the method of conception, does incre... | 0 | Cryobiology |
Flow rate of the liquid phase and molar fractions of the desired compound in it are and .
Flow rate of the vapour phase and molar fractions of the desired compound in it are and . | 1 | Separation Processes |
In physics, a ferromagnetic material is said to have magnetocrystalline anisotropy if it takes more energy to magnetize it in certain directions than in others. These directions are usually related to the principal axes of its crystal lattice. It is a special case of magnetic anisotropy. In other words, the excess en... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
Plants under horticultural care in a constructed landscape, typically a botanic garden or arboreta. This technique is similar to a field gene bank in that plants are maintained in the ambient environment, but the collections are typically not as genetically diverse or extensive. These collections are susceptible to hyb... | 0 | Cryobiology |
UV attack by sunlight can be ameliorated or prevented by adding anti-UV polymer stabilizers, usually prior to shaping the product by injection moulding. UV stabilizers in plastics usually act by absorbing the UV radiation preferentially, and dissipating the energy as low-level heat. The chemicals used are similar to th... | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
O-GlcNAcylation of a protein can alter its interactome. As O-GlcNAc is highly hydrophilic, its presence may disrupt hydrophobic protein-protein interactions. For example, O-GlcNAc disrupts Sp1 interaction with TAF110, and O-GlcNAc disrupts CREB interaction with TAF130 and CRTC.
Some studies have also identified instanc... | 2 | Carbohydrates |
Anisotropic energy is energy that is directionally specific. The word anisotropy means "directionally dependent", hence the definition. The most common form of anisotropic energy is magnetocrystalline anisotropy, which is commonly studied in ferromagnets. In ferromagnets, there are islands or domains of atoms that are ... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
Guillemin effect is one of the magnetomechanical effects. It is connected with the tendency of a previously bent rod, made of magnetostrictive material, to be straightened, when subjected to magnetic field applied in the direction of rod's axis. | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
The expert conference “Sensor-Based Sorting” is addressing new developments and applications in the field of automatic sensor separation techniques for primary and secondary raw materials. The conference provides a platform for plant operators, manufacturers, developers and scientists to exchange know-how and experienc... | 1 | Separation Processes |
Semiconductor ultraviolet detectors are solid state, and convert an ultraviolet photon into an electric pulse. If they are transparent to visible light, then they will not be sensitive to light. | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
Recent developments in light-emitting diode (LED) technology have led to the commercial availability of UVC LED sources.
UVC LEDs use semiconductor materials to produce light in a solid-state device. The wavelength of emission is tuneable by adjusting the chemistry of the semiconductor material, giving a selectivity to... | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
Solar-blind imaging can be used to detect corona discharge, in electrical infrastructure. Missile exhaust can be detected from the troposphere or ground. Also when looking down on the Earth from space, the Earth appears dark in this range, so rockets can be easily detected from above once they pass the ozone layer.
Isr... | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
In condensed matter physics, the term geometrical frustration (or in short: frustration) refers to a phenomenon where atoms tend to stick to non-trivial positions or where, on a regular crystal lattice, conflicting inter-atomic forces (each one favoring rather simple, but different structures) lead to quite complex str... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
Reasons cited for indoor tanning include improving appearance, acquiring a pre-holiday tan, feeling good and treating a skin condition. Tanners often cite feelings of well-being; exposure to tanning beds is reported to "increase serum beta-endorphin levels by 44%". Beta-endorphin is associated with feelings of relaxati... | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
When ferrimagnets are exposed to an external magnetic field, they display what is called magnetic hysteresis, where magnetic behavior depends on the history of the magnet. They also exhibit a saturation magnetization ; this magnetization is reached when the external field is strong enough to make all the moments align ... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
Hubel was elected as an ASME Fellow in 2008, and a Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering in 2012. She was named a Cryofellow of the Society for Cryobiology in 2021. | 0 | Cryobiology |
The MIRAGE reporting guidelines provide essential frameworks for subsequent projects related with the development of both software tools for the analysis of experimental glycan data and databases for the deposition of interaction analysis data (e.g. from glycan microarray experiments) and structural analysis data (e.g.... | 2 | Carbohydrates |
Aggressiveness of treatment is matched to the degree of hypothermia. Treatment ranges from noninvasive, passive external warming to active external rewarming, to active core rewarming. In severe cases resuscitation begins with simultaneous removal from the cold environment and management of the airway, breathing, and c... | 0 | Cryobiology |
One of the most important components of DSSC is the counter electrode. As stated before, the counter electrode is responsible for collecting electrons from the external circuit and introducing them back into the electrolyte to catalyze the reduction reaction of the redox shuttle, generally I to I. Thus, it is important... | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
Researchers have investigated the role of surface plasmon resonances present on gold nanorods in the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells. They found that with an increase nanorod concentration, the light absorption grew linearly; however, charge extraction was also dependent on the concentration. With an optimize... | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
Sensor-based sorting installations normally comprise the following basic units; crusher, screen, sensor-based sorter and compressor. There are principally two different kinds of installations that are described in the following paragraphs – stationary and semi-mobile installations. | 1 | Separation Processes |
The classification of AFPs became more complicated when antifreeze proteins from plants were discovered. Plant AFPs are rather different from the other AFPs in the following aspects:
#They have much weaker thermal hysteresis activity when compared to other AFPs.
#Their physiological function is likely in inhibiting th... | 0 | Cryobiology |
Radiation is produced owing to the spontaneous transition of an excimer molecule from an excited electronic state to the ground state. Excimer and exciplex molecules are not long-living formations. They rapidly decompose, typically within a few nanoseconds, releasing their excitation energy in the form of a UV photon:
... | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
In superparamagnetism (a form of magnetism), the Néel effect appears when a superparamagnetic material in a conducting coil is subject to varying frequencies of magnetic fields. The non-linearity of the superparamagnetic material acts as a frequency mixer, with voltage measured at the coil terminals. It consists of sev... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
The term sublimation refers specifically to a physical change of state and is not used to describe the transformation of a solid to a gas in a chemical reaction. For example, the dissociation on heating of solid ammonium chloride into hydrogen chloride and ammonia is not sublimation but a chemical reaction. Similarly t... | 1 | Separation Processes |
Solvent impregnated resins (SIRs) are commercially available (macro)porous resins impregnated with a solvent/an extractant. In this approach, a liquid extractant is contained within the pores of (adsorption) particles. Usually, the extractant is an organic liquid. Its purpose is to extract one or more dissolved compone... | 1 | Separation Processes |
In the United States, sperm banks are regulated as Human Cell and Tissue or Cell and Tissue Bank Product (HCT/Ps) establishments by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) with new guidelines in effect May 25, 2005. Many states also have regulations in addition to those imposed by the FDA, including New York and Califor... | 0 | Cryobiology |
Glucosinolates occur as secondary metabolites of almost all plants of the order Brassicales. This includes the economically important family Brassicaceae as well as Capparaceae and Caricaceae.
Outside of the Brassicales, the genera Drypetes and Putranjiva in the family Putranjivaceae, are the only other known occurrenc... | 2 | Carbohydrates |
An essential preliminary to the development of kidney storage and transplantation was the work of Alexis Carrel in developing methods for vascular anastomosis. Carrel went on to describe the first kidney transplants, which were performed in dogs in 1902; Ullman independently described similar experiments in the same ye... | 0 | Cryobiology |
A magnetic particle with triaxial anisotropy still has a single easy axis, but it also has a hard axis (direction of maximum energy) and an intermediate axis (direction associated with a saddle point in the energy). The coordinates can be chosen so the energy has the form
If the easy axis is the direction, the interm... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
During the last 5–10 years, a new kind of DSSC has been developed – the solid state dye-sensitized solar cell. In this case the liquid electrolyte is replaced by one of several solid hole conducting materials. From 2009 to 2013 the efficiency of Solid State DSSCs has dramatically increased from 4% to 15%. Michael Grätz... | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
By sperm washing, the risk that a chronic disease in the individual providing the sperm would infect the birthing parent or offspring can be brought to negligible levels.
If the sperm donor has hepatitis B, The Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine advises that sperm washing is not necess... | 0 | Cryobiology |
Amylopectin is the most common carbohydrate in the human diet and is contained in many staple foods. The major sources of amylopectin of starch intake worldwide are the cereals such as rice, wheat, and maize, and the root vegetables potatoes and cassava. Upon cooking, amylopectin in the starch is transformed into readi... | 2 | Carbohydrates |
Much research has been done on glycogen degradation through studying the structure and function of glycogen phosphorylase, the key regulatory enzyme of glycogen degradation. On the other hand, much less is known about the structure of glycogen synthase, the key regulatory enzyme of glycogen synthesis. The crystal struc... | 2 | Carbohydrates |
Alpha-glucosidases are enzymes involved in breaking down complex carbohydrates such as starch and glycogen into their monomers.
They catalyze the cleavage of individual glucosyl residues from various glycoconjugates including alpha- or beta-linked polymers of glucose. This enzyme convert complex sugars into simpler one... | 2 | Carbohydrates |
Luteal support is the administration of medication, generally progesterone, progestins, hCG, or GnRH agonists, and often accompanied by estradiol, to increase the success rate of implantation and early embryogenesis, thereby complementing and/or supporting the function of the corpus luteum. A Cochrane review found that... | 0 | Cryobiology |
After collection, sperm must be processed for storage. According to the Sperm Bank of California, sperm banks and clinics can use the unwashed or wash method to process sperm samples. The wash method includes removing unwanted particles and adding buffer solutions to preserve viable sperm. However, this approach can co... | 0 | Cryobiology |
Brazil's National Health Surveillance Agency banned the use of tanning beds for cosmetic purposes in 2009, making that country the first to enact a ban. It followed a 2002 ban on minors using the beds. | 4 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
Unlike ferromagnetism, the magnetization curves of ferrimagnetism can take many different shapes depending on the strength of the interactions and the relative abundance of atoms. The most notable instances of this property are that the direction of magnetization can reverse while heating a ferrimagnetic material from ... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
The prototypical example of a spin chain is the Heisenberg model, described by Werner Heisenberg in 1928. This models a one-dimensional lattice of fixed particles with spin 1/2. A simple version (the antiferromagnetic XXX model) was solved, that is, the spectrum of the Hamiltonian of the Heisenberg model was determined... | 3 | Magnetic Ordering |
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