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The crosslinks which bond the polymers of a hydrogel fall under two general categories: physical hydrogels and chemical hydrogels. Chemical hydrogels have covalent cross-linking bonds, whereas physical hydrogels have non-covalent bonds. Chemical hydrogels can result in strong reversible or irreversible gels due to th... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
* Kemerovo Division of Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the RAS | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Streaming currents in well-defined geometries are a sensitive method to characterize the zeta potential of surfaces, which is important in the fields of colloid and interface science. In geology, measurements of related spontaneous potential are used for evaluations of formations. Streaming potential has to be consider... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Strong salts or strong electrolyte salts are chemical salts composed of strong electrolytes. These salts dissociate completely or almost completely in water. They are generally odorless and nonvolatile.
Strong salts start with Na__, K__, NH__, or they end with __NO, __ClO, or __CHCOO. Most group 1 and 2 metals form str... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Pyrite oxidation by atmospheric in the presence of moisture () initially produces ferrous ions () and sulfuric acid which dissociates into sulfate ions and protons, leading to acid mine drainage (AMD). An example of acid rock drainage caused by pyrite is the 2015 Gold King Mine waste water spill. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Carbon Nanofoams have been shown to have great application as solar steam generators. They possess excellent light absorption, good thermal stability, low density, and low thermal conductivity, all factors important to solar generators. In experiments done, carbon nanofoams showed superior solar photo-thermal performan... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Liquid molecules can form a layer around the solid particles and there by enhance the local ordering of the atomic structure at the interface region.hence, the atomic structure of such liquid layer is more ordered than that of the bulk liquid. | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
* 2001 National Science Foundation CAREER Award
* 2014 Elected Fellow of the American Chemical Society
* 2012 Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
* 2013 Wayne State University Gershenson Distinguished Faculty Fellowship Award
* 2019 Wayne State University Outstanding Graduate Mento... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
If there is a magnetic and electrical interaction at the same time on the radioactive nucleus as described above, combined interactions result. This leads to the splitting of the respectively observed frequencies. The analysis may not be trivial due to the higher number of frequencies that must be allocated. These then... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Ions in ionic compounds are primarily held together by the electrostatic forces between the charge distribution of these bodies, and in particular, the ionic bond resulting from the long-ranged Coulomb attraction between the net negative charge of the anions and net positive charge of the cations. There is also a small... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Composite metal foam panels, manufactured using 2 mm steel hollow spheres embedded in a stainless steel matrix and processed using a powder metallurgy technique, were used together with boron carbide ceramic and aluminium 7075 or Kevlar back panels to fabricate a new composite armour system. This composite armour was t... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Phosphorene 2D materials are composed of individual layers held together by van der Waals forces in lieu of covalent or ionic bonds that are found in most materials. There are five electrons on 3p orbitals of phosphorus atom, thus, giving rise to sp hybridization of phosphorus atom within phosphorene structure. Monolay... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
*Lightfoot, P.; Pei, S. Y.; Jorgensen, J. D.; Manthiram, A.; Tang, X. X. & J. B. Goodenough. [https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6614880 "Excess Oxygen Defects in Layered Cuprates"], Argonne National Laboratory, The University of Texas-Austin, Materials Science Laboratory United States Department of Energy, National Sc... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
As of November 2023, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified PFOA as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) based on “sufficient” evidence for cancer in animals and “strong” mechanistic evidence in exposed humans. IARC also classified PFOS as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2b) based on “... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
and related molybdenum sulfides are efficient catalysts for hydrogen evolution, including the electrolysis of water; thus, are possibly useful to produce hydrogen for use in fuel cells. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
After receiving his PhD in 1942, Smith began teaching in the Chemistry Department at the Missouri School of Mines in Rolla. While teaching at Missouri, Smith became a mentor to a brilliant 15-year old high student and future National Medal of Science winner named M. Frederick Hawthorne who would eventually follow him t... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The formation of electronic bands and band gaps can be illustrated with two complementary models for electrons in solids. The first one is the nearly free electron model, in which the electrons are assumed to move almost freely within the material. In this model, the electronic states resemble free electron plane waves... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
From 1941 to 1951, Vinograd worked for the Shell Development Company in Emeryville, California. During this period, his wife Sherna gave birth to their two daughters, Julia and Deborah. In 1951 he became a senior research fellow at the California Institute of Technology, in Pasadena, California, where he remained for ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Hollow nanospheres of cobalt oxide have been investigated as materials for gas sensor electrodes, for the detection of toluene, acetone, and other organic vapors.
Cobalt oxide nanoparticles anchored on single-walled carbon nanotubes have been investigated for sensing nitrogen oxides and hydrogen. This application ta... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Cationic detergents are similar to anionic ones, but quaternary ammonium replaces the hydrophilic anionic sulfonate group. The ammonium sulfate center is positively charged. Cationic surfactants generally have poor detergency. | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Tarascon was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 2014. His nomination reads:
Tarascon was honoured by the New Jersey Inventors Hall of Fame in 2002. He was nominated to the Académie des Sciences in 2005, and was the University of Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV) gold medalist in 2008. He won the ENI ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Salinity is an ecological factor of considerable importance, influencing the types of organisms that live in a body of water. As well, salinity influences the kinds of plants that will grow either in a water body, or on land fed by a water (or by a groundwater). A plant adapted to saline conditions is called a halophy... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
In the United States, DATEM is generally recognized as safe by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as specified in the Code of Federal Regulations (21CFR184.1101).
DATEM is approved by the European Food Safety Authority for use as food additive with the E number E472e. | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Although not commercially significant sodium hydride has been proposed for hydrogen storage for use in fuel cell vehicles. In one experimental implementation, plastic pellets containing NaH are crushed in the presence of water to release the hydrogen. One challenge with this technology is the regeneration of NaH from... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Non-ionic surfactants have covalently bonded oxygen-containing hydrophilic groups, which are bonded to hydrophobic parent structures. The water-solubility of the oxygen groups is the result of hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding decreases with increasing temperature, and the water solubility of non-ionic surfactants the... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
A boy chasing a chicken and pouring salt over it is an icon that has become synonymous with the brand.
The Cerebos salt company invented Bisto gravy powder product (a mixture of salt, flavourings and colourings), at its salt factory in Middlewich, Cheshire in the United Kingdom. It was acquired by RHM in 1968, which la... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The organized and uniform collection of tax revenue on salt in British India began under the British Raj. Both before and after that, various native rulers of the Indian Princely states (outside British India proper) collected such revenue in accordance with their own revenue and administrative requirements and resourc... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Depletion forces were first described by Sho Asakura and Fumio Oosawa in 1954. In their model, the force is always considered to be attractive. Additionally, the force is considered to be proportional to the osmotic pressure. The Asakura–Oosawa model assumes low macromolecule densities and that the density distribution... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
In chemistry, a chemical transport reaction describes a process for purification and crystallization of non-volatile solids. The process is also responsible for certain aspects of mineral growth from the effluent of volcanoes. The technique is distinct from chemical vapor deposition, which usually entails decompositi... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
In the dressed micelle model, the total Gibbs energy is broken down into several components accounting for the hydrophobic tail, the electrostatic repulsion of the head groups, and the interfacial energy on the surface of the micelle.
where the components of the total Gibbs micellization energy are hydrophobic, electro... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Surfactant protein B is an essential lipid-associated protein found in pulmonary surfactant. Without it, the lung would not be able to inflate after a deep breath out. It rearranges lipid molecules in the fluid lining the lung so that tiny air sacs in the lung, called alveoli, can more easily inflate. | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The Salt Service is tasked with several functions including monitoring and quality updation of salt, setting production targets, providing technical guidance to salt manufacturers and leasing and managing department lands for the same, collection of cess, fees and rents and the implementation of various schemes aimed a... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Potential applications include herbicides and pesticides formulations, detergents, healthcare and cosmetics, pulp and paper, coal, textiles, ceramic processing and food industries, uranium ore-processing, and mechanical dewatering of peat. | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) is a phospholipid with two 16-carbon saturated chains and a phosphate group with quaternary amine group attached. The DPPC is the strongest surfactant molecule in the pulmonary surfactant mixture. It also has a higher compaction capacity than the other phospholipids, because the ap... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Krogmann's salt was first synthesized by Klaus Krogmann in the late 1960s.
Krogmann's salt most commonly refers to a platinum metal complex of the formula K[Pt(CN)X] where X is usually bromine (or sometimes chlorine). Many other non-stoichiometric metal salts containing the anionic complex [Pt(CN)] can also be characte... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
There is political dispute between China and South Korea on ultrafine dust. South Korea claims that about 80% of ultrafine dust comes from China, and China and South Korea should cooperate to reduce the level of fine dust. China, however, argues that the Chinese government have already implemented its policy regarding ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
* Narrow-range ethoxylate
* Octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether
* Pentaethylene glycol monododecyl ether | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
A material may have lower melting point in nanoparticle form than in the bulk form. For example, 2.5 nm gold nanoparticles melt at about 300 °C, whereas bulk gold melts at 1064 °C. | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Susan M. Kauzlarich is an American chemist and is presently a distinguished professor of chemistry at the University of California, Davis (UC Davis). At UC Davis, Kauzlarich leads a research group focused on the synthesis and characterization of Zintl phases and nanoclusters with applications in the fields of thermoele... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Lead(II) iodide (or lead iodide) is a chemical compound with the formula . At room temperature, it is a bright yellow odorless crystalline solid, that becomes orange and red when heated. It was formerly called plumbous iodide.
The compound currently has a few specialized applications, such as the manufacture of solar c... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Organic nanocrystals consist of pure drugs and surface active agents required for stabilization. They are defined as carrier-free submicron colloidal drug delivery systems with a mean particle size in the nanometer range. The primary importance of the formulation of drugs into nanocrystals is the increase in particle s... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The wave function of a physical system of particles specifies everything that can be known about the system. Therefore, problems in quantum mechanics analyze the system's wave function. Using mathematical formulations, such as the Schrödinger equation, the time evolution of a known wave function can be deduced. The squ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
These species are classified as both organosulfur and organoselenium compounds. They are hybrids of organic disulfides and organic diselenides. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Biopolymers like cellulose, lignin, chitin, or starch may be broken down into their individual nanoscale building blocks, obtaining anisotropic fiber- or needle-like nanoparticles. The biopolymers are disintegrated mechanically in combination with chemical oxidation or enzymatic treatment to promote breakup, or hydroly... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Molybdenite is a mineral of molybdenum disulfide, MoS. Similar in appearance and feel to graphite, molybdenite has a lubricating effect that is a consequence of its layered structure. The atomic structure consists of a sheet of molybdenum atoms sandwiched between sheets of sulfur atoms. The Mo-S bonds are strong, but... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Hazen and his colleagues started the Carbon Mineral Challenge, a citizen science project dedicated to accelerating the discovery of "missing" carbon-bearing minerals. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The Born–Landé equation is a means of calculating the lattice energy of a crystalline ionic compound. In 1918 Max Born and Alfred Landé proposed that the lattice energy could be derived from the electrostatic potential of the ionic lattice and a repulsive potential energy term.
where:
*N = Avogadro constant;
*M = Made... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Thermal conductivity, viscosity, density, specific heat, and surface tension are considered some main thermophysical properties of nanofluids. Various parameters like nanoparticle type, size, and shape, volume concentration, fluid temperature, and nanofluid preparation method have effect on thermophysical properties of... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
NbCl(dimethoxyethane) has received significant attention as a reagent for reductive coupling of carbonyls and imines. It is sold as a 1,2-dimethoxyethane complex. Nb(III) adducts are also known for 1,4-dioxane and diethyl ether.
Niobium(III) chloride forms a series of compounds with the formula NbClL with Nb=Nb double ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
While the Drude-Lorentz model of electrical conductivity makes excellent predictions about the nature of electrons conducting in metals, it can be furthered by using quantum tunnelling to explain the nature of the electron's collisions. When a free electron wave packet encounters a long array of uniformly spaced barrie... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
* 1951 - Palladium Medal of the Electrochemical Society
* 1957 - Willis R. Whitney Award, NACE
* 1959 - Wilhelm Exner Medal of the
* 1961 - Bunsen Medal of the German Bunsen Society
* 1964 - of the
* 1972 - Honorary member of the German Bunsen Society
* 1972 - Heyn Medal of the German Society of Metallurgy
* 1973 - ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
A similar but denser material, consisting of an electrodeposited nanocrystalline nickel layer over a polymeric rapid-prototyped truss, was created by researchers at the University of Toronto in 2008. In 2012, German researchers created a carbon foam known as aerographite, with an even lower density than a metallic micr... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The surfactant group of the taurates was developed by I.G. Farben in Germany (just like the isethionates) and produced under the trade name Igepon at the Hoechst plant. Taurates rapidly spread due to their lime resistance and their oil-removing effect in textile treatment, as detergent raw material and in cosmetics app... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
A foaming agent is a material such as a surfactant or a blowing agent that facilitates the formation of foam. A surfactant, when present in small amounts, reduces surface tension of a liquid (reduces the work needed to create the foam) or increases its colloidal stability by inhibiting coalescence of bubbles. A blowing... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao, (born 30 June 1934), is an Indian chemist who has worked mainly in solid-state and structural chemistry. He has honorary doctorates from 86 universities from around the world and has authored around 1,800 research publications and 56 books. He is described as a scientist who had won... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
To produce nanolattice materials, polymer templates are manufactured by high-resolution 3D printing processes, such as multiphoton lithography, self-assembly, self-propagating photopolymer waveguides, and direct laser writing techniques. Those methods can synthesize the structure with a unit cell size down to the order... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Metal foams are used for stiffening a structure without increasing its mass. For this application, metal foams are generally closed pore and made of aluminium. Foam panels are glued to the aluminium plate to obtain a resistant composite sandwich locally (in the sheet thickness) and rigid along the length depending on t... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Czarnik reported the first synthesis of Hexaazatriphenylene Hexanitrile, a hydrogen-free polyfunctional heterocycle with D3h symmetry, in 1986. Because of the properties of this compound, it has found application in the preparation of OLEDs for TV screens and is being investigated for use in improving lithium-ion batte... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Over the course of his career, Klemm wrote and co-wrote a number of textbooks on inorganic chemistry which became standard textbooks in the field, repeatedly reprinted and translated. These include:
* Klemm, Wilhelm, Anorganische chemie (c1935). Berlin, Leipzig, W. de Gruyter & co.
* Klemm, Wilhelm, Magnetochemie (c... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Choy received his B.S. (1971) and M.S. degrees (1973) in chemical engineering from Yonsei University in Seoul. Afterwards he received a diploma in 1975 from the UNESCO postgraduate course in chemistry and chemical engineering, research laboratory of engineering materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan. He then m... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Vinograd obtained his undergraduate degree in chemistry from the University of Minnesota. From 1931 to 1933 he studied colloid chemistry with Professor Herbert Freundlich at the University of Berlin, and from 1933 to 1935 continued his studies with Freundlich at University College, London. In 1936 he went to the Univ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
* [https://libserv.aip.org/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1668O33395J5H.322504&profile=rev-all&source=~!horizon&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100006~!44240~!0&ri=32&aspect=subtab232&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=L%C3%A4rbok+i+Kemien&index=.GW&uindex=&aspect=subtab232&menu=search&ri=32 Lärbok i kemien] (in Swe... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
*One of the main reactions for industrial production is:
:CaO + 3 BO + 10 Mg → CaB + 10 MgO
Other methods of producing CaB powder include:
*Direct reaction of calcium or calcium oxide and boron at 1000 °C;
:Ca + 6B → CaB
*Reacting Ca(OH) with boron in vacuum at about 1700 °C (carbothermal reduction);
:Ca(OH) +7B → CaB ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Ex-situ bonding is achieved by gluing face sheets with an aluminium foam by adhesive bonding, brazing or diffusion bonding. Foams used in this method are either closed-cell or open-cell. When a closed-cell foam is used then it is produced from aluminium alloys either by liquid metal route (e.g. Alporas, Cymat) or by po... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Molecular wires conduct electricity. They typically have non-linear current-voltage characteristics, and do not behave as simple ohmic conductors. The conductance follows typical power law behavior as a function of temperature or electric field, whichever is the greater, arising from their strong one-dimensional chara... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
There are two main types of blowing agents: gases at the temperature that the foam is formed, and gases generated by chemical reaction. Carbon dioxide, pentane, and chlorofluorocarbons are examples of the former. Blowing agents that produce gas via chemical reactions include baking powder, azodicarbonamide, titanium hy... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
A detergent is a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants with cleansing properties when in dilute solutions. There are a large variety of detergents, a common family being the alkylbenzene sulfonates, which are soap-like compounds that are more soluble in hard water, because the polar sulfonate (of detergents) is less l... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Jennifer L. M. Rupp FRSC (born January 27, 1980) is a material scientist and professor at the Technical University of Munich, visiting professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the CTO for battery research at TUM International Energy Research. Rupp has published more than 130 papers in peer reviewed jo... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
In rheology, the Farris Effect describes the decrease of the viscosity of a suspension upon increasing the dispersity of the solid additive, at constant volume fraction of the solid additive. That is, that a broader particle size distribution yields a lower viscosity than a narrow particle size distribution, for the sa... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Goodwin won the 2010 Harrison-Meldola Memorial Prize for his work in materials with "negative thermal expansion and in the field of total scattering methods." In 2013, Goodwin won the Marlow Award for his "innovative studies of the physical chemistry and chemical physics of amorphous materials." He won the 2017 Corday-... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
can be prepared by multiple methods. Upon heating above 400 °C, nickel powder reacts with oxygen to give . In some commercial processes, green nickel oxide is made by heating a mixture of nickel powder and water at 1000 °C, the rate for this reaction can be increased by the addition of . The simplest and most successfu... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Sadoway was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He did both his undergraduate and graduate studies at the University of Toronto, receiving his PhD in 1977. There he focused his studies on chemical metallurgy. He also served on the National Executive of the Ukrainian Canadian Students' Union (SUSK) from 1972 to 1974. In 1... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Soy-derived lecithin is considered by some to be kitniyot and prohibited on Passover for Ashkenazi Jews when many grain-based foods are forbidden, but not at other times. This does not necessarily affect Sephardi Jews, who do not have the same restrictions on rice and kitniyot during Passover.
Muslims are not forbidden... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
FeO is used as a black pigment and is known as C.I pigment black 11 (C.I. No.77499) or Mars Black.
FeO is used as a catalyst in the Haber process and in the water-gas shift reaction. The latter uses an HTS (high temperature shift catalyst) of iron oxide stabilised by chromium oxide. This iron–chrome catalyst is reduced... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The relative permittivity is an essential piece of information when designing capacitors, and in other circumstances where a material might be expected to introduce capacitance into a circuit. If a material with a high relative permittivity is placed in an electric field, the magnitude of that field will be measurably... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Ultrafine particles (UFPs) are particulate matter of nanoscale size (less than 0.1 μm or 100 nm in diameter). Regulations do not exist for this size class of ambient air pollution particles, which are far smaller than the regulated PM and PM particle classes and are believed to have several more aggressive health impli... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Titanium foams are characterized structurally by their pore topology (relative percentage of open vs. closed pores), porosity (the multiplicative inverse of relative density), pore size and shape, and anisotropy. Microstructures are most often examined by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray tomog... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Kendrick studied chemistry at the University of Manchester, later moving to University of Aberdeen in Scotland where she earned a master's degree in solid state chemistry. For her doctoral thesis, Kendrick went to Keele University to study low temperature synthetic routes to inorganic pigments. She later did postdoctor... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
A nearly pure source of calcium carbonate is necessary to refine sugar. It must contain at least 95% calcium carbonate (CaCO) and have a low magnesium content. In addition, the material must meet certain physical requirements so it does not break down when burned. Although caliche does not generally meet all of the req... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
There are two kinds of defects: Equilibrium defects, and Non-Equilibrium defects. Self-assembled structures contain defects. Dislocations caused during the assembling of nanomaterials can majorly affect the final structure and in general defects are never completely avoidable. Current research on defects is focused on ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
A well dispersed colloidal suspension consists of individual, separated particles and is stabilized by repulsive inter-particle forces. When the repulsive forces weaken or become attractive through the addition of a coagulant, particles start to aggregate. Initially, particle doublets A will form from singlets A accord... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Quick clay is found only in countries close to the north pole, such as Russia; Canada; Norway; Sweden; and Finland; and in Alaska, United States; since they were glaciated during the Pleistocene epoch. In Canada, the clay is associated primarily with the Pleistocene-era Champlain Sea, in the modern Ottawa Valley, the ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
She graduated from Bronx High School of Science in New York. She received B.S. (1963), M.S. (1964), and Ph.D. (1967) in physical chemistry from University of Chicago, where she studied with Ole J. Kleppa. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
From spectra with rotational resolution, moments of inertia and hence bond lengths and angles can be determined "directly" (at least in principle). From less well-resolved spectra one can still determine important quantities like JT stabilization energies and energy barriers (e.g. to pseudorotation). However, in the wh... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Tripotassium phosphate has few industrial applications.
It is used as an inert, easily removed proton acceptor in organic synthesis. Some of the reactions are listed below:
# The hydrate () has been used to catalyze the deprotection of BOC amines. Microwave radiation is used to aid the reaction.
# As a catalyst for the... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
On passive margins where salt is present, such as the Gulf of Mexico, salt tectonics largely control the evolution of deep-water sedimentary systems; for example submarine channels, as modern and ancient case studies show. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
A nanoparticle or ultrafine particle is a particle of matter 1 to 100 nanometres (nm) in diameter. The term is sometimes used for larger particles, up to 500 nm, or fibers and tubes that are less than 100 nm in only two directions. At the lowest range, metal particles smaller than 1 nm are usually called atom clusters ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Schmalzried received his diploma (with a diploma thesis on the fluorescence of benzopyrene) from Theodor Förster at the University of Stuttgart and received his doctorate in 1958 at the Roentgen Institute of the University of Stuttgart with Richard Glocker (1890-1978) and was a postdoc with Carl Wagner at the Max Planc... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Particle size is a notion introduced for comparing dimensions of solid particles (flecks), liquid particles (droplets), or gaseous particles (bubbles). The notion of particle size applies to particles in colloids, in ecology, in granular material (whether airborne or not), and to particles that form a granular material... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Two explosives HMX and CL-20 cocrystallized in a ratio 1:2 to form a hybrid explosive. This explosive had the same low sensitivity of HMX and nearly the same explosive power of CL-20. Physically mixing explosives creates a mixture that has the same sensitivity as the most sensitive component, which cocrystallisation ov... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Nanogeoscience is the study of nanoscale phenomena related to geological systems. Predominantly, this is investigated by studying environmental nanoparticles between 1–100 nanometers in size. Other applicable fields of study include studying materials with at least one dimension restricted to the nanoscale (e.g. thi... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Depletion forces have been observed and measured using a variety of instrumentation including atomic force microscopy, optical tweezers, and hydrodynamic force balance machines. | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Air or other gas dissolved in the fluid it can come out of solution as small bubbles (entrained air). If these small bubbles have sufficient buoyancy, they can rise to the surface and together form foam. Mechanical factors that may generate entrapped air:
* Leaky seals on pumps
* High pressure pumps
* Poor system desig... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The compressive properties of syntactic foams, in most cases, strongly depend on the properties of the filler particle material. In general, the compressive strength of the material is proportional to its density. Cementitious syntactic foams are reported to achieve compressive strength values greater than while maint... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Omar M. Yaghi (; born February 9, 1965) is the James and Neeltje Tretter Chair Professor of Chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley, an affiliate scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Founding Director of the Berkeley Global Science Institute, and an elected member of the US National Acade... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Gerard Férey was a lecturer at the University of Maine. In 1968, he founded the Department of Chemistry at the University Institutes of Technology of Le Mans. He argued his doctoral thesis at the Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University in 1977.
He was a teacher at the University of Maine from 1981 to 1996 and then at the Ve... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
In 2017, the European Food Safety Authority concluded that betaine was safe "as a novel food to be used at a maximum intake level of 6 mg/kg body weight per day in addition to the intake from the background diet." | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The total intensive potential energy of an ion in the lattice can therefore be expressed as the sum of the Madelung and repulsive potentials:
Minimizing this energy with respect to r yields the equilibrium separation r in terms of the unknown constant B:
Evaluating the minimum intensive potential energy and substitutin... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
After graduation, Ibers accepted a staff scientist position at Shell Development Company and later Brookhaven National Laboratory. Starting in 1965 until his retirement, Ibers was a professor of chemistry at Northwestern University. His broad research interests included many aspects of organometallic, bioinorganic, and... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Magnesium diborides superconducting properties were discovered in 2001. Its critical temperature (T') of is the highest amongst conventional superconductors. Among conventional (phonon-mediated) superconductors, it is unusual. Its electronic structure is such that there exist two types of electrons at the Fermi level ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
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