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H: LTspice simulation of LM311 comparator with hysteresis not behaving as expected
I am trying to simulate the following comparator circuit with LTspice:
The LM311 comparator was intended to be used with hysteresis, same as the circuit shown in this graph (designators are the same):
The high threshold should be 3.1V... |
H: Gate resistors on the MOSFET
I was working on the breadboard on this simple circuit to do some testing and noticed that sometimes it would not turn on as expected . Somewhat abnormal operation.
I always knew to connect a resistor (say 330 ohms) to limit the current that can damage the output of a microcontroller an... |
H: LVDS to Singled-Ended - Transmission Line Balun Matching
I need to convert a LVDS clock into a single-ended signal. In the past I've used a voltage balun with a center tap on the secondary but I haven't found any good past 1GHz. I need to get to 2GHz in this application and found transmission line baluns good from ... |
H: Flip Flop as frequency divider precision
I am using a couple of CD4013BC as frequency dividers as per schematic :
I am checking from a data logger that they are losing some cycles, or not dividing the frequency properly from time to time. The unused IC pins are grounded.
Did anyone experience the same and know the... |
H: How does ESC differ PWM and UART signals?
Many electronic speed controls provide the same hardware interface to manage them. It's +5 V, GND, PWM wires.
But I have noticed an interesting feature, which is provided by BLHeli based ESC. You can program it with BLHeli suite software. For example, Arduino Nano is progra... |
H: From breadboard to PCB, MOSFET not able to control load
I designed a simple circuit like the one in picture to control a load:
Basically, if I'm viewing this the right way, I have a GPIO from an Arduino on the D6 point to control a MOSFET (it's actually a 30N06L one, not the 1N4007) to decide if on the load (PUMP2... |
H: Voltage Drops to 0 When Load is Connected
I have put together a simple voltage regulator that uses an LM338 IC and a potentiometer to adjust the voltage. On the output, I also put an inline 3A fuse to protect it from overloading.
(the diagram shows a different IC although I did use the LM338)
I am trying to power ... |
H: How can I decrease the update rate of the analog conversion?
I'm working on this analog converter circuit. The potentiometer is connected to pin AN0. The resistance value is shown on a 7 segment display. The circuit works fine but the ADC's update rate is too fast. I want to decrease the update rate of the ADC conv... |
H: Altium count number of selected vias
Is there a way in Altium to count the number of selected vias? For example, the below figure shows 9 vias, which are manually countable. In some layouts where I have a lot more than that, how should I keep track of the number of vias?
AI: In the PCB panel (View > PCB), you can s... |
H: Why are via stubs not avoided?
Via stubs are defined as the part of a via that is not used for signal transmission. Via stubs cause all sorts of problems, but I just don't understand why they happen in the first place.
Can't you just not make a via stub and keep only the part of the via used for signal transmission... |
H: Should I protect against collapsing field effects of a microcontroller-driven small-signal relay coil?
I am building a simple engage/bypass switch for musical (e.g. electric guitar) effects. The signal switching will be done by a single coil (bistable) latching relay, such as the Panasonic TQ2-L-5V. The user inte... |
H: Generating a solid 5V output from a buck converter whose output varies from 4.8V to 5.2V
I have a buck converter whose output varies from 4.8V to 5.2V. This buck converter is present in my VCU. Input for the buck converter can vary from 8V to 14V.
The 5 volt rail is powering many IC's present on the board, and for ... |
H: Green vs black capacitor (aluminum)
I seem to have defective capacitors on a board and I am looking at buying new one to change them.
The actual capacitors are green. I noticed that the green ones are more expensive than the black ones (same voltage same capacitance) so I was wondering if there was a difference be... |
H: High gain low current amp
I'm trying to design high gain, low collector current Common Emitter amplifier.
As far as I know, this is well known CE amp for high gain.
Is there anything I can do for low-current consumption? And I would really appreciate it if you let me know the methods to decide resistor values for ... |
H: What causes LED1 to light up slightly when powered?
The main goal of this circuit is to limit the current if the output side is shorted. LED1 Lights up when output is shorted. LED2 lights up with output isnt shorted. U1 is a 12V regulator with current limiting features.
Problem: Why does LED1 light up when I apply... |
H: How do I calculate the RPM and torque of a 12 V DC motor that gets 5 V?
I have a PCB that outputs 5 V to each of the two motors. It was part of a robotics kit that included two 12 V 360 RPM motors.
I want to attach a 12 V DC motor with 3500 RPM. How do I calculate how much RPM or torque I can expect to see?
AI: The... |
H: Delaying falling edge, and faster rising edge for output signal
I'm trying to take an incoming signal to use as an output, but that output (active low) needs to be enabled about 20ns after the incoming signal goes low, and then go high again about 20ns before the incoming signal goes high. I'm using a 50MHz clock, ... |
H: Transformer design problem
I will try my best because my English is not the best. Thanks!
I'm designing a transformer for a PCB that I made. The circuit in the PCB accepts 5 V to 20 V in.
So the transformer that I made is for 220 VAC 50 Hz but you can put 380 VAC, because (this is the part when I don't know if it's... |
H: How does this current sink work (Figure 15 LM675)
Here is figure 15 of the LM675 datasheet. I was interested in it because it shows an opamp voltage-controlled current device that doesn't include a FET. The LM675 is a power opamp that can source and sink 3A.
I've been trying to figure out how to derive the figures ... |
H: MOSFET between LED and driver for PWM dimming?
So I found a lot of cheap nice LED lamps with some generic cheap non dimmable LED driver. I like dimming.
The LED is something like 18 V, 250 mA.
Could I stick something like an ESP32 with a MOSFET between the driver and the LED, and do PWM dimming?
My doubt is if the ... |
H: STM32F407VE Change/Update IP Address Issue
I have a big problem to change IP Address without restart STM32F407VE.
I'm working on STM32F407VE TCP/IP ethernet protocol (IAR9.30.1).
I am able to transmit data to arm and receive to pc terminal (putty, teraterm).
I'm using project lwipWebserver.ewp .eww copied from
c:\A... |
H: Identify and replace capacitor "FP12K 79AJ 271 16"
Unfortunately a capacitor got knocked off from a mainboard. The mainboard is an AsRock Z370 Extreme4 (see here).
The capacitor is labelled as:
FP12K
79AJ
271
16
I want to replace it, but I am not sure what capacitor would be equivalent. What I found out is that it... |
H: Salvage Motor From HDD Without Screws
I’ve searched everywhere and can’t seem to find how to salvage this motor from my wd10ears HDD. It seems most other HDDs have screws to take it out, but this one doesn’t. The centre screw is just round so that doesn’t get it out. If someone could let me know how to approach thi... |
H: Lithium Battery Protection DW01
I'm using DW01 to protect LiPo batteries. But since there are more than one source of voltage in the circuit, I need to add a diode to DW01's VCC pin for the situations that battery is removed and reverse voltage across battery protection circuit causes unwanted behavior.
The best s... |
H: What is the difference between a hex inverting buffer and hex inverting Schmitt trigger?
What is the difference between an hex inverting buffer (e.g. TC74HC4049AP) and hex inverting Schmitt trigger (e.g. 74HCT14N)?
How can hysteresis be added to a CMOS hex inverting buffer to make it act like a Schmitt trigger, if ... |
H: Is there a something similar to DSLR batteries to power up PCBs?
I'm working on a project that requires the user to regularly swap battery packs to keep an esp32 board running. For the prototype we are using one of these batteries that seem to be quite common to find:
Swapping this kind of battery is not a smooth ... |
H: Why do I a get different cut-off frequency in LTspice?
I have built a low-pass filter circuit according to the multifeedback topology using the values for the resistors and capacitors calculated with the help of this website.
According to the website, the cutoff frequency should be about 95 Hz.
I built the same ci... |
H: Crystal oscillator input power
I have seen many circuits in which they have connected the crystal oscillator with two capacitors as a clock for the microcontroller like atmega 16A. The first question I want to ask is whether the crystal oscillator with two capacitors provide any frequency or not..If it doesn't then... |
H: Do I have to use pull up/down resistor with switch with common terminal?
I have seen some examples why we need to use pull up/down resistors, but do I need to use it if I use switch with common terminal?
If I have the schema like so, do I need to use the pull up/down resistor anyway?
The input should either read h... |
H: Behavioral Sigma-Delta simulation error
I am trying to simulate a behavioral sigma delta modulator as shown in the circuit below. Basically, I am trying to sense the current through I1 by measuring the ratio of the number of times the voltage across the capacitor dips below some value relative to the number of meas... |
H: CAN Bus transceiver \$V_{RXD}\$/\$V_{IO}\$ pin confusion
I am looking for a widely available CAN Bus transceiver for a project. I have sorted by availability and found two options that seem to satisfy my criteria. However, they both have an extra pin that I do not completely understand the function of, so to my que... |
H: How do I select whether the LSM6DSOX IMU Sensor uses it's SPI or I2C Interface
I am trying to use the LSM6DSOX IMU sensor which has both an SPI and an I2C interface which are mapped to the same pins. I want to address the IC using its SPI interface
(Datasheet for reference)
In the datasheet the following is said:
... |
H: LTspice Half bridge current spikes
I simulated a half bridge with two NMOS and at every switching event a current spike up to 1.2 A in the voltage source V4 occurs. I used a resistor as load because with any inductive or capacitive load I would expect a spike because of the dead time between the MOSFETs.
Can the pa... |
H: RISC-V byte load and store
I have the confusion in the following RISC V programming statements. Can someone explain that why does the contents of s0 in the last comment shown. shouldn't it be 0x00000180 the same as we are not messing up contents of s0. Also the contents of s2 would be 0x00000080? since the 24 bits ... |
H: Why is my LC oscillator PCB design not working?
I'm building a simple FM transmitter to learn more about LC oscillators. I've successfully designed and built the following transmitter on a bread-board and perf-board using standard through hole components. For the 100 nH, I used this through-hole component.
It work... |
H: CAN Bus Inter Frame Spacing (IFS) -- Three Bits or Seven?
If you google around for the length of the CAN Bus Inter Frame Spacing (IFS), you can find some references that say it's 3 bits and others that say it's 7 bits.
Google Link for 3-bit search
Google Link for 7-bit search
Why is there this discrepancy? Did the... |
H: One FTDI Programmer, many Arduino
I have been playing with an idea of having multiple Arduino (e.g. ATmega328) with different purposes running on a circuit.
The intention would be to enable the FTDI programmer such as the FT232RL or FT231X chip to communicate to a specific circuit by switching these digital pins to... |
H: frequency-dependent network equivalent in time domain simulations
I have this question that has been haunting me for a while now. We all know that the first solution we think of when willing to account for frequency-dependent behavior in time-domain simulations, is the usage of equivalent networks deduced from fitt... |
H: Is it possible to connect 5v and Ground to opposite ends of ws2812b LED strip to prevent voltage drop?
I'm currently working on a LED project with WS2812B LED strips with 30LEDs/m. After a couple meters at full brightness the color gets red because of the voltage drops.
Is it possible to connect 5v to the start of ... |
H: How do I get Kp?
How do you get the equation for Kp? I know where R2/R1 comes from, but no idea about + Cd/Ci.
AI: The transfer function \$G_c(s)\$ for this inverting op-amp compensator is:
$$G_c(s)=-\frac{Z_f(s)}{Z_i(s)}$$
The transfer function for a PID compensator is:
$$G_{PID}=\frac{k_D s^2+k_Ps+k_I}{s}$$
Solv... |
H: Why is my op-amp getting hot?
I am using a LM4562 dual op-amp (in SOIC-8) as a level-shift and attenuation stage between an audio amplifier and an ADC. The circuit works fine, with the expected gain and shift, but the op-amp gets hot (68°C). The board is sitting on the bench in free air with no enclosure.
The ampl... |
H: Voltage drop across TPS259631DDAR when drawing current
I'm building a powerbank and I'm using an E-Fuse IC for the battery protection (specifically, the TPS259631DDAR). As soon as I start drawing any current the voltage drops from 4.1v to 3.4v. The more current I draw, the more the voltage drops. I'm not sure what ... |
H: Can a bistatic receiving radar get an echo on different axis?
I’m a bit confused about bistatic radar. I understand the case when the Tx(transmitter) antenna and Rx(receiver) antenna are separated and and the target (such as a plane) approaches to both of them and they are in alignment of each other.
However, just ... |
H: Calculate current flowing through each of the resistors in the following circuit:
I'm not sure how to go about this, but the answers are below
AI: Here's a hint that simplifies your circuit in order to find the current through the 20 Ω resistor: -
Do you understand the source transformation that I made?
Do you k... |
H: Why is my transistor is letting through current?
I'm working my way through the Arduino starter kit project book and am doing the first project involving a transistor (MOSFET). As far as I understand, what I've done is wired up a 9V battery, a resistor and LED, and the source/drain pins of the MOSFET in series. Sin... |
H: I Need help to find what smd component is this?
This component is found on an electronic board of a Siemens Simatic S7-400 device.
The printed nomenclature on the electronic board reads '6C F
AI: Possibly a common BC817-40 or similar https://assets.nexperia.com/documents/data-sheet/BC817_SER.pdf |
H: How to apply KVL to MOSFET circuits?
I'm a little bit confused about applying KVL to circuits containing MOSFETs. I hope someone can provide some clarity. I'll be using the figure below to ask my questions.
First Question
If we want M1 to be ON, we need \$V_{\text{in}, \min} > V_{\text{TH}1}\$.
For M2 to be ON, we... |
H: Simulating a tuning circuit in LTspice
This is the tuning circuit that I'm trying to simulate in LTspice:
My input signal is the sum of a 500 kHz, 1 MHz, and 1.5 MHz sine wave, all modulated at 5 kHz. The 5 kHz waves carried by each of the frequencies are 90 degress apart from each other, as demonstrated in the eq... |
H: Which impedance matters?
In USB2.0 specification, there is a requirement of desigining its data traces to be around 90Ohms +/- 15%.
Using this calculator, with these below data:
I got these results:
Now, question is, which value shall I make 90Ohms?
Differential? Common?
Common seems much easier to reach.
I know ... |
H: Differential impedance calculation - which way to go width vs spacing?
In USB2.0 specification, there is a requirement of desigining its data traces to be around 90Ohms +/- 15%.
Using this calculator, based on my earlier question I'll need to make sure to approach 90Ohms with the "Impedance (differential)".
To reac... |
H: SystemVerilog error: Can't unroll generate for; Unable to unroll loop
I am trying to write a code that converts binary to thermometer code. Thermometer (a.k.a. unary) coding is frequently used in digital systems applications to represent a natural number.
In a thermometer code, an N-bit binary number is represented... |
H: Changing the pre-amplifier gain
I want to change the gain of this pre-ampilifier I assemvled from a kit. If change the value of resistor R1 or R4, should I then change the values of other elements?
I'm thinking about changing R1 from 330R to 220R:
AI: The gain of an inverting op-amp amplifer is given by \$A = -\... |
H: Frequency of PCIe differential pairs (RX, TX, CLOCK)
I'm planning to design a board for PCIe (v2).
For all impedance matching considerations, there is rule-of-thumb: if you can decrease the trace lengths below 1/10 of the wavelength, you're probably good to go even without serious impedance matching.
Now looking at... |
H: Current through combination of parallel and series resistors
I have created a simple example in order to understand what is going on with the current through combination of resistors (parallel and in series) in a electrical circuit. I ask my self to calculate the current through resistor R3.
R1 is in parallel with... |
H: Altium: Correct way to handle multiple variants of the same IC
The component AMS1117 comes in three packages. Then each package has a part that gives different fixed output voltage. Here is the table:
When creating the library for this in Altium designer, I shall have one footprint for each of the packages TO-252,... |
H: Identify Specific PCB Component
I have identified and tested all the components on this board apart from one. Can someone identify the component please?
I believe it may be faulty as all the other components seem to test ok.
AI: If it's connected between positive and negative supply it could be a gas discharge tub... |
H: What sets a proper grid-forming inverter apart from a regular power station?
I have been told here that disconnecting solar panels with micro-inverters (like Enphase, APsystems or NEP) from the grid, and connecting a power station to the group using a suicide cable will probably not trick them into feeding power to... |
H: How are layers kept parallel in multi-layer PCBs?
If I understand correctly the process to assemble multi-layer PCBs, two-sided boards are made, with separators intertwined, and they are then pressed together. The two-sided boards have already been etched, which in theory leaves an uneven surface. When pressed toge... |
H: LTSpice multiple input source noise analysis
In my schematic, I have two input differential current source and I want to simulate the output noise of the system. However, the LTSpice noise simulation only allows me to put one input source in the simulation command. Is there any way to simulate noise with multiple i... |
H: Help with (very) odd single phase motor wiring
I think this is my first post here.
I have little knowledge on AC motors, and this machine I am servicing (an old Balltrap/Clay target shooting machine) left me baffled. The below diagram is a simplification of the wiring for the motor that arms the next clay target to... |
H: NMOS current is negative for a very short time when turning off
I am designing a circuit that uses the 2n7000 NMOS as a switch, controlled by a digital I/O pin from an Arduino Micro.
I made a simulation in LTspice, and I notice that when the NMOS is turning off the drain-source current becomes negative for a very s... |
H: Sharing 5V and GND between peripheral connector(molex connector) and USB 2.0
I have external devices connected to PC which require USB 2.0 connection and a peripheral connector (Molex connector) power connection.
Since those devices are installed several meters(<3m) away from the PC, very long cables are used to co... |
H: Setting up an EMI test bench: Attenuator
I am in the midst of setting up an EMC test bench for Conducted Emissions testing. This question goes out to the EMC experts regarding the essential equipment needed for the same.
Currently available:
Spectrum Analyzer;
Ground plane;
LISN;
Question:
Several sources suggest c... |
H: Exceeding max RPM of wind turbine
I have a wind turbine that reaches its max output power at 1000 RPM, and I want to know if there's any problem if I make it go faster than that (e.g. around 1250 RPM).
I have a TESUP Yuzo. You can find its manual here
I will not be using the blades. Just the shaft.
AI: You probably... |
H: Duty Cycle and Filtering in Switching Power Supplies
I have a few confusions to clear up. The first one is about the switching power supply.
Does the power supply simply work on the bases of the duty cycle? Like If I have a pulsating signal of 50% duty cycle and I filter that out using a capacitor so the output sho... |
H: buck/boost converters currents
I have seen that the buck and the boost converters have capacitors in them and a switching circuit that switches the circuit on/off. I want to ask whether the buck and boost converters increase the current since due to switching the current is very high. This will help me reduce the c... |
H: ESP32 program completely halts when serial terminal is disconnected
My platform is ESP32-wroom (Devkit v1 board). ESP-IDF 5.0 on Win10.
I've been using PuTTY to monitor the ESP32's serial log and output (the main serial where all the diagnostic info goes, not the optional ones). It worked just fine.
However, today ... |
H: LC-converter non sinosoidal currents and voltages
I simulated a LC-converter with a verly low static switching frequency of 300 Hz. I expected the current in C1 and L2 in a sinosoidal shape but instead it is almost a square wave. Also there is a oscillation on the voltage Vnode of 75 kHz.
In the FFT of I(C1) it can... |
H: Current measurement with LT6015, simulation doesn't work
I'm trying to simulate high side shunt resistor current measurement using LT6015 op amp, but the simulation doesn't work I'm always having the same output even if I change the current. Can somebody tell me why?
lt6015 datasheet
AI: You have two problems. As ... |
H: Mistake in calculation of RMS current flyback primary switch node
I'm trying to calculate the RMS current of a flyback converters primary switch node. The Waveform is shown below:
I'm okay with assuming it is a triangle wave with a duty cycle of 50%. The peak value is 1.25A and the Period time is 4u seconds.
I can... |
H: How does the thermistor activate/not activate a circuit?
I have this schematic which is temperature-dependent and would only make a sound once the heat detected is above the threshold of the NTC thermistor.
Can I get some help with circuit analysis?
How does the thermistor in this schematic stop/not make the buzzer... |
H: What type of connector is this one?
What is the name of this connector?
It´s about 4mm x 8.5mm x 6.5mm
This is the counterpart:
AI: It is a JST PH type connector (not necessarily JST brand) with 4 pins.
Here is the JST datasheet, which gives part numbers for various members of the PH family.
Here is an image of P... |
H: What am I supposed to do with the Backplanes for the PCA85276?
I am trying to use eight 14-segment display with this driver but I can't figure out what the backplanes would be for and what I should connect them to. It gives me this table with the possible configuration
It then says that "The possible display confi... |
H: PIC16F54 I/P PDIP-18 8-Bit microcontroller: self-made PIC programmer with USB serial communication
The PIC programmer circuit below is from the PIC16F54 datasheet.
The programming stage can be reached when the pins RB6 and RB7 are set low and the VPP pin gets more voltage than the power supply in this controller. T... |
H: Value of series resistor for crystal oscillation
In this device, this is the Hardware Design Checklist.
On page 8 of this checklist, section 4.2., it recommends adding a series resistor at the clock out pin, but they have not specified any values of the series resistor. On page 192 of the datasheet, reference cryst... |
H: What's the difference between Texas Instruments V62/06623-01XE and MAX3232MDBREP?
I'm using a MAX3232 but given different production codes with the same package (V62/06623-01XE, MAX3232MDBREP), is there any difference between them?
Can the two be used as substitutes for each other?
Datasheet check out page 8
www.ti... |
H: Zener diode wrong gate voltage regulation for battery reverse protection
I have the following circuit meant for reverse polarity battery protection.
The battery is a 2s li-ion (8.4 V to 7.0 V), but it could also be a 12 V max PSU.
I'm not sure what's wrong on the PMOS gate, why is it only getting 3.1 V from the Zen... |
H: Is a 1 Hz signal the same as 1 PPS one?
Is a 1 Hz signal output from a ripple counter or divider the same as a formal "1 PPS" signal? If no, what is the difference in the time domain?
AI: Both signals will have a rising edge, and a falling edge, every second.
However, their name tends to imply different things abo... |
H: Why do I still hear audio plugging only signal pins of jacks
I am debugging some audio project I am currently having fun with. I came down to the following (minimal ?) example I don't understand. The setup is as follows.
I have an audio stereo jack that comes out of my phone. It splits into 2 mono jacks.
A male-mal... |
H: LED strip 12V powered from powerbank
I have LED strip 12V.
https://hadex.cz/k043a-led-pasek-12mm-hlinikovy-bily-teply-72x-led5730m-ip20-delka-1m/.
I tried power from this powerbank (USB cabel cut, black - and red + wire), but nothing.
https://www.planeo.cz/katalog/1277989-yenkee-ypb-1030-power-bank.html
I wanna buy... |
H: Freely rotating part that conducts electricity to fixed part - does this exist?
Planning a design that has a 12V voltage source connected to a physical part that rotates.
I need to conduct electricity from the rotating part to a fixed part which is connected (electrically isolated) to free-standing structure like a... |
H: FSM derivation for a digital Manchester encoder
I am looking at an FSM example in a digital design literature book where the idea is to create a simple FSM using a Moore machine for a Manchester encoder.
The FSM takes two inputs. d is the data signal, and v is the data valid signal. d is the signal to be encoded. ... |
H: PCIe "RefClk" impedance requirements?
I'm designing a very heavy impedance-requiremented PCB, with PCIe v2.
I know TX and RX diffpairs have strict differential impedance requirements of 100Ohms.
But I couldn't really find impedance requirements for RefClk diffpairs. Are there any?
AI: PCIe electrical specs between ... |
H: Isolation on RS232 bus
Is there any "simple" way to get (1500V) galvanic isolation on RS232 (just RX and TX)? By isolating, I mean than I have 2 different grounds on each side of the insulation barrier.
On side A, I have 1.8V, 3.3V, 4.5V, and 5V rails, and can accept voltage ranges between (-4, +4) and (-15, +15). ... |
H: How does the KLJ-5030 buzzer work?
I need a small package buzzer to replace the regular piezo buzzer which is too big for my design, so I tried the KLJ-5030.
I tested by applying 3V to positive pin and GND to negative pin and heard a small crackling but not really sound (beep).
The datasheet does not explain well h... |
H: Is it feasible to put solder mask cured on the top of tinned pads?
I made a batch of PCBs with a QFN package IC. I accidentally connected the pad to GND even though it should be either left floating or connected to some signals else. I am glad that I have requested a few samples before I made the PCB fab house asse... |
H: Have I made this XNOR gate right?
enter image description here
I tried to make a circuit implementing the XNOR logic by using the identity XNOR (A,B) = OR ( NOR(A,B) , AND(A,B) ). The circuit works in breadboard (1st pic), it produces the 1001 truth table associated with XNOR gate. Is the drawing of the circuit alr... |
H: A fully clamped sinusoidal wave has its RMS multiplied by the square root of 3. Is my textbook mistaken?
A fully clamped sinusoidal wave has its RMS multiplied by the square root of 3: Vo = 1.73Vi
My textbook says that clamper circuits don't affect the Vpp and Vrms of an AC signal.
Obviously, Vpp didn't change, bu... |
H: VHDL : how to write data in FIFO (first in first out) and read data with diffrent clocks for the writing and reading?
So I have this problem . I need data to be saved in a FIFO . but the problem is that the I need different clock for the writing and the reading . for exmaple I need that MY FIFO will write the data ... |
H: Is there a "repeater" logic gate?
What I want to create is a simple logic gate that doesn't actually perform any logic, but instead simply repeats the given signal. I want to do this so that I can have a one-way wire.
Some ideas that I've thought of, but I'm not sure if they're efficient, or which one is more effic... |
H: Verilog: Posedge sensitivity vs. If statement in Always block
I have recently completed a design that had run into timing issues (negative slack). The modules that were found to be troublesome, from the timing reports generated in Vivado 2017.4, are these modules that are used to calculate some synchronous outputs... |
H: AC coupled sinewave
How can I see in this picture that the signals are AC coupled?
Does not AC coupled means that the DC offset is 0 and the sine is centered to the origin?
Both signals have an offset from what I can see here.
AI: How can I see in this picture that the signals are AC coupled?
You can't. We can se... |
H: Counting the number of button presses in ATMEGA16A
I am looking forward to counting the number of presses of a button in a 2 seconds interval in ATMEGA16A. I have prepared some code below. Is there another way around? My first solution was to perform polling inside the while() loop, but I think that would be imprec... |
H: How would you design a clock in order to play triplets?
If you take a master clock (e.g. 1 Hz) it is easy to get the quarter notes (every pulse), the half notes (every two pulses), and the whole notes (every four pulses) to build a simple drum machine.
What would I need to do in order to create a steady stream of ... |
H: Measuring Current by rectifying or voltage-doubling a Current Transformer
Originally, my plan was to just get the voltage output of a current transformer (obviously with the burden resistor circuit stuff and DC biasing circuit stuff) before ADC'ing it, averaging it’s output per second to get the average current per... |
H: Function Generator amplifier to drive resonance circuit help
I have a model resonance circuit that is excited with an auxiliary winding and I need to build an amplifier to be able to amplify the current from the function generator in order to drive the auxiliary winding. I have used an OPA548 in Multisim in order t... |
H: TPA3118: coils and op-amp getting warm
I designed a simple board based upon the ds of the TPA3118.
Here the actual schematic:
When I power the device, even with no input signals, coils (L1..L4) and op-amps (IC1..IC2) reach a quite warm temperature:
I understand it's not such an high temperature, but I would like ... |
H: Input range for TPA311x
I'm reading through the datasheet of the TPA311x family.
I'm looking for the input range for pins INPR and INPL but I cannot find this information. I see the absolute maximum ratings, but it's not what I need. I'm interested in the maximum recommended input range for the audio signal.
I also... |
H: Can/will the Qi charging system damage LF (125-133kHz) RFID tags?
In the Qi standard, frequency is listed as 80-300kHz for the higher power application which is within the target(resonance?) frequency of LF RFID tags. So power transmission should be quite high for the tags. Will this damage the tags or can they jus... |
H: Vivado:Error-Ambiguous clk in event control
Ambiguous clk in event control error and is pointed to always block.
//fpga4student.com
module PWM_Signals
(
input sysclk_p, // 100mhz
input sysclk_n,
input reset_n,
input cpu_restn,
input increase_duty,
input decrease_duty,
output PWM_OUT );
wire clk; //100mhz... |
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