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H: Wrong result in spice simulation of DC Offset at AC coupled diode I'm playing around with a diode as AM demodulator and have stumbled upon a phenomenon that seems logical but I can't reproduce it in LTSpice. My setup is the following: simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab U_in is a sine wave w...
H: What percentage error? A transducer with an internal resistance of 10 k Ohm generates an output voltage which is sensed by a voltmeter having an internal resistance of 30 k Ohm. What percentage error is to be expected? How can Engineer fix this error? AI: normally one chooses a better DMM than using an analog met...
H: Combining dirty 12V inputs with delicate micro controller I'm building a (LED) blinker circuit for my motorcycle. It will have the basic on/off blinking for left and right (J1 & J2) and an "emergency" mode (J3) for more "aggressive" LED blinking, which will increase the visibility when driving between lanes during ...
H: How to convert an existing design from USB Mini/Micro to use USB Type-C connector? What does it convert a design from USB Mini or Micro connector to a USB type-C connector? To have a more specific question, take for example FTDI Basic (schematic below) which is USB/Serial converter based on FTDI232RL and has a USB ...
H: Why button battery LR1154 is called LR44? It seems I cannot find complete explanation for this question everywhere on the internet. So far, I know the followings: L - Alkaline as +/Zinc as - R - round 11 - battery's diameter in mm (in fact, the standard states, that the actual diameter is 11.6 mm[1]) 54 - batter...
H: Simulation went wrong Here is a simple dickson inverter: The simulation shows this: Is it a problem with the simulator? I don't see why the capactior was charged to the voltage of the square wave signal? Why is the push-pull pair not working? UPDATE: I have replaced the push-pull pair with a single NPN transistor...
H: Is there any particular criterion that makes a CPU be called "16 bits" CPU for example What makes a CPU be called for example: "this CPU is n bits"? AI: Short answer: There is no universally accepted definition. Less short answer: If the CPU supports all of the basic primitives on a 16-bit datatype, then it wou...
H: How to set initial state of 4 bit "exclusive output" Latch? I have extended SR flip-flop to have four inputs and four outputs. It works well once an input has been pressed but I'm not sure how to set the initial state. I saw a schematic online where a capacitor was placed in parallel with the pull down resistor tha...
H: Difference between RF ferrite and normal ferrite Why oscillation stops in a RF oscillator(over 100MHz) if I replace the air core Inductor with a normal ferrite core inductor ? But starts oscillating again if I rewind the inductor over a RF ferrite core. (salvaged from TV balun) So what's the basic difference betwee...
H: tube amplifier build power supply design Hello Im just starting to work with valves but have a question on the power supply side. The question is the amplifier I am building needs 300 VDC. As I understand voltage after bridge rectifiers across the smoothing capacitor increases. The transformer I have is 660 volts A...
H: Is it possible to explain a transistor (or vacuum tube or relay) using a marble-based switch for students? In Japan I saw a simulation of internet based communication in the The National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation (Miraikan). It attempted to replicate ascii characters moving along a 8 part wire using...
H: Transistor current amplifier for 20W speaker I have a 5 Vpp max audio signal in my circuit which I obtain from earlier stages of processing. I would like to deliver the signal to a 20W 4 ohms speaker. But since an OPAMP circuit generates the signal, it won't be able to supply enough current. How can I use transisto...
H: Is JTAG the standard way to program ARM processors? Some electrical engineer once told me, that each ARM M3 processor can be flashed the same way, no matter which manufacturer it came from. I suppose he meant using JTAG, or is there another way? Btw, I'm meaning to flash an empty ARM processor without a bootloader...
H: How does the CD4066 Work? I am learning electronics so this is a beginners question. Its about the CD4066 IC as mentioned here https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Practical_Electronics/IC/4066 Is the 4066 equivalent to four independently controllable relays, where one relay switches on the pair X1,Y1?-Is this the purpo...
H: Is it sufficient to disconnect the negative terminal of a voltage source? I have a scenario where I would like to use N-channel MOSFETs, because they have lower on-resistance and are cheaper. simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab Would there be any problems with this approach? I've read this a...
H: Calculating self-induction current at specific time I've been studying Circuit Analysis, and there was this problem I don't know how to solve. I don't know if this kind of question does not fit to this site's format. I'm sorry if it doesn't but I need answer as soon as possible because there is exam and the first p...
H: Why do real LC oscillating circuits not oscillate at the resonance frequency? Consider these two simple LC oscillators with ideal op-amps: simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab The resonance frequency is for both circuits about 159 kHz, however neither of the two will oscillate at that frequen...
H: RHP zero in boost converter Below is the control to output transfer function of a boost converter. (source: Switching Power Supplies A - Z by Sanjaya Maniktala here at page 286) And this is one part talking about the RHP zero the book. I don't understand the last part from "Eventually...". When output voltage dip...
H: Show that the power dissipated in a resistor over infinite time is equal to the energy stored in a discharging capacitor I am learning about RC transient responses and if a charged capacitor is connected to a single resistor, its voltage will decrease exponentially. I understand this and how its equation is derived...
H: Understanding this AVR ASM routine This is an abbreviated version of WS2812 LED control routine. I have removed all the no-ops for the sake of readability here. Can someone explain the role of the branch instruction (brne) towards the end of the routine? asm volatile( " ldi %0,8 \n\t" "loop%=: ...
H: Maximum slope of a sine wave For a signal with amplitude, $$V = A\sin (\omega t)$$ any idea at what point the maximum slope (gradient, dv/dt) is? I have gone through the method of differentiating which yields $$A\omega \cos(\omega t) \tag{i}$$ and then doing a second differential, which yields $$-A \omega^2 \sin (...
H: Altium - Deselect after compile error When I compile my schematic, I get some errors in the compile window. When I double click them it zooms in on them and highlights them with a mask. How do I get rid of that mask? AI: Click the "Clear" button at the bottom right of the editor window.
H: Power supply enclosure I have bought enclosure for my power supply (datasheet), which looks like the follow: How can i connect the plugs to my circiut? Soldering is not an option because the box is made from ABS. AI: It looks like the pins are 4mm in diameter, so if the manufacturer does not offer a matching conta...
H: Looking for a replacement relay I have an relay in an old device (a heated display case), that seems to be failing. The relay is a Midtex 157-32U200, and the few distributors that I could find that carry this relay refuse to sell it to me as it's supposed to be a "restricted item" (I guess only machine resellers ar...
H: Zener Diode at Base of Transistor simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab I am building a so called protection section for my mini project which involves a 3.9V zener diode parallel to a battery as a shunt voltage regulator. Assuming the voltage at the 1N4002 diode is 4.1 V and that the battery...
H: Smoothing modified sine wave inverter I need a backup power source for my aquarium tank filtration system. A pure sine wave UPS seems to be an expensive overkill, so I'm looking for alternatives. The filtration system pump runs of 230V, 50Hz AC motor with magnetic coupling (I assume synchronous?) and consumes somew...
H: Will this circuit suffice for low battery detection for any microcontroller? I'm making a major digital circuit powered by two 3.6 volt cordless phone NiCD rechargeable batteries, and one thing I want to include is a low battery detector. To protect the rest of the circuit from overheating, I use a typical 7805 vol...
H: Identifying Source of Periodic Artifact at Op-Amp Output My MAX44251 dual op-amp has a very small unwanted 131KHz periodic artifact at the output, seemingly regardless of how it's configured. My assumption was EMI, but I can't see this 131KHz signal on any other part of the circuit. I've also tested this in multipl...
H: Minimum current of a sensitive gate SCR i have a few 2N5064 SCR that are puzzling me. No matter how many hundreds of thousands of ohms i put between their gates and a 3.2V battery source, it always starts to conduct. I even put a 10 V zener between them, and it still turns on. Looking at the datasheet, i am puzzled...
H: Generating a current with ionized water droplets (in a cloud) Playing mind games with myself tonight; I know some of the windiest spots in the world are at the tops of mountains and often socked in the clouds. To measure meteorological phenomena at these locations is a difficult task, with rime ice eliminating mech...
H: Open-Drain Through Schmitt Trigger I am attempting to use a board that performs level shifting from a 5V GPIO pin to a 3.3V RSTn pin on a Decawave DWM1000 Module via a SN74LVC2G17DBVR. The problem is, as discussed in Section 5.6.3 of the datasheet, the external source of the RSTn pin must be open-drained as soon as...
H: What are the uses of 400V capacitors? I salvaged some 470uF 400V electrolytic capacitors from a junk yard. They look like Why would a PCB contain 2 such capacitors on a board? A motor starter? Are there any other uses of these capcitors? Say, making a filtered power for audio? AI: In a SMPS, at the first filter st...
H: Making a Triangle wave on LTSpice using LM741 opamp I'm trying to get a 1kHz, 15V triangle wave on LTSpice. For that, I'm using the following design: So far, my Square Wave has the desired frequency and amplitude, but my triangle wave has a lower amplitude. How can I correct this so both waves match at +15v and -...
H: Output resistance of non-inverting amplifier I'm reading a book*, and it derives the output resistance of a non-inverting op-amp amplifier by grounding the input voltage, applying a test current source at the output, and measuring the resulting output voltage: Here L is the loop gain (i.e. open-loop gain a x feedb...
H: what is the difference between coin battery and alkaline battery i'm quite curious with coin battery and alkaline battery. I have submerge 2 coin battery into the water and the battery short circuit and damaged after a while. While i put 2 alkaline battery into the water, but they still can perform well. i wonder w...
H: STM32: Busy flag is set after I2C initialization For the reference: the same problem is described there, but the author's solution doesn't work for me - I2C busy flag strange behaviour I used STM32CubeMX to generate project template with I2C peripherals initialization. Unfortunately it works somehow strange: after ...
H: Weird problem with ADXL345, Buzzer and Arduino I've set up a Serial port via a Bluetooth module (HC05). I'm using a JavaFX app that I wrote to read the serial port, plot the acceleration values (via ADXL345) and write back to the serial port an alarm bit (1 for ON and 0 for OFF) whenever a certain function of accel...
H: Is it possible to connect LiPo level indicators in parallel? I've never studied the terminology of electrics so I had a hard time searching for whatever I'm asking. If this is a duplicate please mark it as such :) I've got four battery packs in series to produce a higher voltage output, it all works great. I also h...
H: What is a more effective shield for magnetic fields between 300 and 500kHz Solid copper or copper mesh? I am working on a PCB that is very crowded, and has high gain amplifiers working between 300kHz and 500kHz Typically I would use Mu metal or similar for shielding at this frequency, but obviously nobody makes Mu ...
H: Is there a standard/foolproof way to tell what input or output impedance is? Sorry if this is a stupid question, but I'm in multiple electronics courses and I can't seem to understand input vs output impedance no matter who I ask. I can always find the impedance between two points, if I am given the two points and...
H: How do I use Type K Thermocouple? I see a lot of applications using this type of couple but there is no document showing how to proper use it! In my case I have a 10mm thick steel plate that get heated on one side, should a M6 hole 7mm long be enough for a M6 thermocouple like the one in the image to give proper te...
H: Reverse polarity protecion on an electronic load I want to add reverse polarity protection on my electronic load which will be capable of sinking 20A and with a max. voltage of 50V (max. power is limited to 250W). Because I want to go with low input voltages for e.g. testing batteries, a typical solution like a PFE...
H: Does current fundamentally determine the speed or the quantity of electrons in a curcit? I am very much a beginner so I apologize for my ignorance. But this has been bothering me for a long time and I found little to no answers. I know that the definition of Current is charge passing through a point per second meas...
H: Why does the LTspice op amp stability tutorial recommend open loop analysis? I have performed a hand analysis on an amplifier circuit that I am suspicious of, and I am still suspicious, so I want to validate my hand analysis with LTspice. I found this tutorial online: http://www.linear.com/solutions/4449 It recomme...
H: boost 100ns pulse from 5 v to 10 v I have to amplify or "step up" the voltage of a pulse generator. I have a pulse generator, which generates 5 volt pulses with on times ranging from 100nano seconds to 1200 nano seconds which repeats itself approximately every 1milisecond . For design reasons I need to get the sam...
H: Low power ESP8266 LDO or switching regulator I'm going to use 1S Li-po, 3.7V. ESP8266 needs 3.3V and it takes 350mA peak on startup. When running it needs about 70mA. The ESP task is to wake up, measure, connect to wifi and post data to server. It will wake up every 2 hours. I'm wondering which regulator is better ...
H: Is there a way to control the PWM duty cycle of a 555 timer without using a variable resistor? I need to control the duty cycle of a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) circuit from a DC voltage input. To do this, I've been looking into 555-timer circuits - but every circuit I've come across involves controlling the duty ...
H: Which is better from a Controls perspective, a Stepper or Servo Motor? I'm designing a system to control the knob on an Air/Oxygen blender based off readings from a Pulse Oximeter. The idea to use a stepper to control the knob/retrofit an existing blender came from here. I went with a Stepper motor for the initial...
H: help with circuit design I have a problem and some of the components I think I need to solve the problem but I do not have the knowledge or understanding to put it all together and what I read online is just not connecting the dots for me. Ultimately what I need to have happen is a PIR sensor detects movement and t...
H: What causes the uncertainty in the threshold voltage of a CMOS switch? CMOS switches such as the DG419 have a threshold voltage - i.e. the voltage at which the output state is flipped - which is dependent upon the logic level and the positive supply rail. However, the exact threshold voltage at which the state will...
H: AD736 input amplitude for 32kHZ I want to convert a sine voltage with frequency around 32kHz , what should i keep the amplitude of this signal to get the best conversion. I looked up the datasheet , but the input range given is around 200mV, isn't this too low? AI: Too low for what? If the you read the third line ...
H: MIDI out waveforms very different between two devices I have two MIDI output devices: an Axiom49 keyboard and a Korg SQ-1 step sequencer. The Axiom49 drives a MIDI input circuit that I've built using an Arduino just fine. The Korg SQ-1, however, does not work with it at all. The Axiom49's output is simply 31.25k ba...
H: Lm386 audio amplier - lyrics not audible I am trying to amplify the music signal coming from a phone using an LM386 module for a 8ohm 3W speaker using a 5V supply,but when I connect it to the source,it amplifies a portion of the music,not all of it.The instrumental/background music can be heard,but not the lyrics(t...
H: How did scientists deal with electronics' problems before Kirchhoff and Ohm's laws? Both physicists developed really powerful laws which still nowadays rule the electronic behavior of circuits. These help us every day to solve problems, calculate circuit variables… but how did engineers do it before the said laws ...
H: What is anti-reflection coating and in which application it is used? I would like to know about anti-reflection coating and I am interested to know whether this can be used in antenna design also. AI: So, anti-reflection coating is used in optics, for example, sunglasses, or lenses in microscopes to ... reduce refl...
H: what is current path in 6 winding transformer The 6 winding transformer which i shown in figure is a 1:1:1:1:1:1 transformer.It is a schematic of wurth electronics flex transformer. If I apply voltage at one winding of primary what is the current path in secondary? and what is the applications of this type of 6 win...
H: MOSFET: how to determine if a heatsink is required? for a given mosfet, how do I know how much current can it handle without a heatsink? I could just play it safe and add a heatsink + fan but the controller board am using doesn't have mounting holes for any pcb mount heatsink. It is fused but I just want to be sure...
H: Why don't we get electrocuted when touching a pot sitting on an induction cooker? As the title says, why does that not happen? As far as my understanding goes, an induction cooker is a coil of conductive wire through which AC is pumped. This generates an oscillating magnetic field around the coil, which in turn gen...
H: Calculating Field strength of a air core solenoid I want to build a magnetizer for charging / magnetizing small alnico magnets for that I am thinking to discharge a cap into a air core solenoid. The magnet to be charged would be kept within this solenoid. The magnet would be of cylindrical geometry and 5mm dia and ...
H: Are special terminals required for connecting thermocouple wires to a PCB? I'm currently trying to integrate a type K thermocouple into an electronics project. I intend on interfacing this thermocouple with the MAX31855 cold-junction compensated thermocouple-to-digital converter IC. I am not an expert on thermocoup...
H: How to close a circuit using a level First off, let me apologize if this question is too basic for the community - I've searched quite a bit for a solution, but wasn't able to locate anything. I'm a hobbyist working on a project that would require a circuit to be closed when an object is out of bounds on an incli...
H: How is the input not floating when there is a pull-down resistor? I am wondering why the input to D2 will not be floating when the switch is open. If the switch is open, wouldn't it act like a mini antenna and provide a random input to the D2 pin? AI: I guess you are getting the doubt because of confusion that the ...
H: Soldering Station Extras? I recently bought a cheap soldering hotter and solder iron station from E-bay. It came with lots of extras. Sadly it never came with any good tips, but it did come with these.. What are these for? Thanks Student AI: These are replacement heater cartridges, from the number of wires likely...
H: Why we use conjugate of current than the original phasor in the calculation of Complex Power i-e S=VI* i have studied different books and sites for the above question but did not get the right concept that why the complex power encounter current conjugate not the original Phasor.if someone explain it with good exam...
H: Is it safe to hook up a device with a higher voltage battery through a regulator like this? So using a 6v 26 Ah battery and a 5v regulator, am I safe to hook it up to a 5v by 2.5 A max power draw device? I think so, I'm still get familiar with EE concepts though. What complications could arise? What is efficiency l...
H: Why boost converter efficiency increases at low D and load resistance? This slide (page 19) analyzes the efficiency of nonideal boost converter. As you can see from the formula below, the efficiency of boost converter is dependent on duty cycle D and load resistance RL. The smaller the duty cycle D and load resist...
H: MATLAB: Pole at 0.1 rad/s contributing to nothing on the Bode Plot - Why? Consider the transfer function $$G(s) = \dfrac{48000}{s(s+100)}$$ The Bode plot is given as Now observe that the gain at frequency w = 1 Hz is 53.6244 dB. Completely reasonable, because this is exactly $$20\log10(48000/100) = 53.6244 dB$$ No...
H: Why 3v3 should be connected to the center point of Ethernet termination? I am designing an 10/100 Ethernet on my board and I can't understand why 3.3V should be connected to the center point of the termination. The schematic checklist recommends it actually and I checked several design and datasheets even gigabit ...
H: Compensated Attenuator question In the explanation, it explains that C2, C3, C4 are for frequency compensating the impedance of C1 which varies according to frequency. Can someone explain how C2~C4 does it? and why the designer chose particular value for the three capacitors? It seems that he wanted to proportiona...
H: Basic N-MOSFET Circuit Simulation Results I am confused about some features of the very basic N-MOSFET circuit shown below: Which I also created in an online circuit simulator you can find here. The problem is the VDS value, which the simulator reports to be about 11.99V and the voltage drop of the resistor 11.03m...
H: Measuring humidity with Honeywell 5030/5031 sensors I'm trying to hook up Honeywell's 5030 humidity sensor (datasheet here). Figure 10 (on page 7) of the datasheet has a typical application circuit, only I'm not sure why they have also included a resistor between the output and ground pins. The resistor is not ment...
H: Circuit analysis with resistance and diode We just started learning about diodes and now I want to find the currents \$I_1\$, \$I_2\$ and \$I_3\$ in this circuit. We should assume that the amount of voltage the diodes recieve is 0,7V each and that they got no resistance. I worked this through: For I1 I got: \begin...
H: What is the "CV" unit for leakage current in a capacitor datasheet? I've looked at a few leakage current specifications for electrolytic capacitors, and they all seem to specify the value as something like this: I < 0.01 CV or 3 (μA) after 2 minutes, whichever is greater Here are a few example datasheets: Panason...
H: Is it wrong to assume the op-amp has the same voltage at its both terminals when deriving its non-inverting closed-loop gain? I am referring to the approach taken in this video, at about 00:43. I know that the op-amp "tries" to balance the voltages at its both terminals but is it a completely correct approach to ta...
H: Why does my atmega32's malloc function returning me the pointer address in multiple of 4? I am in a learing phase so I am no pro when it comes to understanding the memory and hence I am having a little trouble in understanding few things The datasheet of atmega32 says that it comes with 2K of SRAM How does this ...
H: Over current protection for a 1-cell battery I have a one-cell battery which protection circuitry is based on a DW01-P (with dual mosfet 8205S). The datasheet says on page 2 "Overcurrent detection voltage = 150mV". How do I translate this number into how much current (expressed in Ampere) that this one-cell lipo b...
H: USB to TTL converter: why doesn't TX need a voltage selector? I plan to flash new firmware for a Sonoff ESP8266-based switch. So I need a 3.3v USB to TTL for the programming. I see an inexpensive converter from China which has pinouts for 3.3v TX RX GND 5v My question: I understand the 3.3v and 5v pinouts as pro...
H: What current should I charge/discharge my 12V lead battery at? Here are the specs listed on the battery: AI: You can charge and discharge the battery over a wide range of currents but the information on the side of the battery indicates values that the manufacturer accepts as reasonable. You can charge it with a co...
H: how do I change a Ultra High voltage AC currents frequency? I am currently making a theoretical tabletop particle accelerator. and i need the materials in the accelorator to be resonating together at a set frequency (Whcih I can change to test speicific theories) The key is High voltage. --- The secondary requireme...
H: What places, or where Can i get a AC transformer that will Increase voltage too 150KV + from household power I am currently in need of locating a Transformer that will step up my household wall power to output in the ballpark between 150kv - 500kv. Having a bit of a hard time My project is a table top particle acce...
H: Current Sensing with Differential Amplifier Hello, I have to use this circuit as part of a school project so I'm limited to this design and these components. The voltage regulator works as anticipated however the differential amplifier does not. Here it amplifies, by a factor of 10, the voltage drop across the shu...
H: How much AH should my battery has for my sound system (3 Amplifiers)? I would like to know if I can mount my sound system in my car. My current battery is 45AH, and the problem is that I can't go higher than a battery with 50AH, because there isn't space for it on the battery spot near engine. My question, will I b...
H: How to calculate Resonance Frequency of Audio Speaker? Okay so I searched all over the Web for the resonance frequency of my car speaker so I can properly apply crossover filters, but didn't found any reference of the resonance frequency of this speaker model. So how can I calculate it? I have the following data: P...
H: Turns for saturating a toroid at a particular frequency I need to know the winding turns required to saturate a toroid for a particular drive frequency. The toroid I have is having the following dimensions OD = 19 mm Thickness = 8 mm Effective Area (Ae) = 32 sq. mm Al (nH) = 1900 Bsat = 0.49T My driving signal wo...
H: Mosfet operation wrt AC signals I am trying to understand about the Mosfet operation. It would be great if someone could help me get answers to these questions - What happens to an AC signal (DC+ small AC signal) if it is applied to the gate of a MOS which is biased in Linear mode. In the saturation mode, the outp...
H: sample input signals and check their values VHDL I have 2 input signals - ID_1,ID_2 which sampled into id_vec. LEDx_GRNn are output. In this point, only one of a,b,c,d should be '1' and the others '0', which after should make only one led on and the others off. For some reason all the leds are on so I'm guessing ...
H: Cloning a USB signal - feed two USB hubs with one input port I have a schematic for a 4 port USB hub (4 output ports, 1 input port). I'd like to make two of these hubs and connect them together, thus making a 7 or 8 port USB hub on a single PCB. I know there are 7 port hub ICs, but I find them harder to use, plus I...
H: How to shift down a square wave at 0 - 5 V? I have a square wave that oscillates at 500 Hz from 12 to 14 V. I would like it to oscillate at the same frequency from 0 to 5 V, so I could use to trigger i.e. a switch. Is there any circuit to do this (shift down the signal)? It goes from 12 V (low level) to 14 V (high ...
H: Power transformers? So I'm interested in welding, and I've seen people create viable welding power supplies by putting microwave transformets in series - I would like to do this, but the question had arisen - how does replacing the secondary coil of the transformer with an insulated coil turn it into a power transf...
H: Where is the negative connection of an oscilloscope? I have found this circuit from http://vector.com/portal/medien/cmc/application_notes/AN-AND-1-106_Basic_CAN_Bit_Timing.pdf Please can someone explain to me what is the negative connection of the oscilloscope : does it mean the GND ? Thanks in advance :) Pss the ...
H: In solving an op amp problem with two voltage sources, why can't we combine it? Say we have a circuit like Why can't we solve by doing $$V_{out} = -(V_{in} - V_{offset}) * (R_f / R)$$ We know that \$V_{out}\$ for a typical inverting amp (that doesn't have \$V_{offset}\$) is just \$-(V_{in}) * (R_f / R)\$, so why i...
H: Calculating specs for power supply of array of high power LEDs I doing an experiment with plants, for which I want to use commercially available LED lamps. They provide the light I need but the area they cover is too small. So I am trying to replicate a lamp of high power LEDs but I have straggle deciphering the ne...
H: Power consumption of MOSFET If I use a P channel MOSFET as a switch for a battery 9v 0.5Ah controlled by an external power source 12 volt will battery last its shelf time if MOSFET is by off? Update: I dont mind the leakage of the external power supply. AI: Look for the off state leakage current spec for the MOSFE...
H: How do scanned interface inputs work? I'm learning about different ways to interface physical switches to microcontrollers and I don't understand how scanning interfaces work. I am told in the notes that the software from the microcontroller would scan each row at a time, in the following scanning pattern: I dont...
H: Inverting Amplifier Generalized Gain Derivation I understand that the derivation of an inverting amplifier's gain is generally treated as \$G = \dfrac{-R_2}{R_1} \$, and have seen many resources supporting this claim. I understand how the proof works by solving for the current flowing to virtual ground at equilibri...
H: What amp rating ESC do I need? I am working on an electric longboard, retaining the original battery pack and brushless hub motors. I want to be able to control this with an Arduino. I want to know what size ESC I will need. The battery pack is 30V and the hub motors have a 1200W rating each. Will a 50Amp ESC be su...
H: Why is the current wrong after resistors in series with simple LED? Setup source --- 1.5V batteries x2 = 3V LED --- 2V 35mA http://www.futurlec.com/LED/LED5R.shtml Resistors --- CR1W 1W 10ohm +-5% x 4 = 40ohm Description I have your average "Light up a LED" experiment. I have a 3V source(worn out to 2.72 now) fo...
H: Stability in control theory and electronics In control theory, if the impulse response of a system dies out then the system is stable. In electronics, Bode plot usually uses the see the gain and phase margins and determines the stability of a system. Does the stability in the two fields mean the same? Also is the...
H: Can we replace relays with MOSFET? My question is simple, why are we still using relays ? Can't we say that MOSFET are the future of relays? AI: Can't we say that MOSFET are the future of relays? You will probably never replace some radio frequency relays with MOSFETs because a MOSFET has several pF of drain-sourc...
H: ac model for buck-boost converter This lecture shows how to create ac model for buck-boost converter. What I am confused is the equivalent circuit model for inductor loop equation on page 38. As you can see from the model, there are two dependent voltage source (square boxes), \$D\hat{v}_g \$ and \$D'v \$, a...