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H: How can I noise decouple an FPGA with multiple VCC/VCCIO/VCCA pins?
Currently I am working on a small project using a Max10 FPGA from Intel.
I know about decoupling IC using a capacitor in parallel and a ferrite in series. This works for a small amount of VCC pins. But the FPGA IC has multiple VCC, VCCA and VCCIO p... |
H: Is there a mnemonic to remember direction of current flow?
I have always stumbled when remembering which current flow notation to use. In my mind, it's by default conventional current flow.
But, I also have in mind electron flow notation.
Do you know of a mnemonic (i.e. a quick memory trick) to remember the direc... |
H: What is the purpose of oscilloscope-probe-to-BNC adapters?
What are these adapters used for?
(Image off Google, source)
They fit over the tip of a passive oscilloscope probe, like this:
(Image excerpted from https://www.caltestelectronics.com/public/attachments/GE_series_manual.pdf].)
Why would you want to do tha... |
H: What rise time should pulse have to have desired pulse width
I have a question regarding my high speed laser driver. I want to have 10ns width pulse. What rise/fall time I would need to have that I can say I still have 10ns pulse. Is there any percentage that system should be turned on in one time unit?
AI: It's ... |
H: Using automotive relay in various applications
Could an automotive relay be used to switch a AC or DC voltage higher than 12Vdc ?
For example, I have a relay of this type:
Could this type of relay be used for switching 5A at 35Vac ?
All the information that I found about this relay is listed in the uploaded screen... |
H: How to store a configuration on an FPGA
I have a question about Nexys A7-100T development board that I want to use as a debugging tool for another project. I will provide some background info below:
I have a sensor that is sending square pulses and is being read by a separate MCU, and the pulse count on the MCU dis... |
H: Why don't I get the right values for Vout=Gain(v1-v2) for this differential BJT amplifier?
I am trying to use the formula that they have mentioned Vout=Gain(v1-v2), in my simulator I have placed one signal at 0.001V and the other one at 0V. The gain that they have found is 192, so I expect Vout=192(-0.001)=-0.192V... |
H: In the PNP transistor, base current is the sum of emitter and collector current. How is this possible?
The PNP transistor at the right side doesn't follow any characteristics of the 4 modes of operation of BJT. How is this possible? PSPICE simulation has shown quite similar results. Here, beta=100.
AI: First, notic... |
H: How to fix this AC switching circuit?
I am trying to replicate a small circuit of an optocoupler and a triac, see this document for details (second page / "EL Channels"):
http://cdn.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Components/EL/SparkFun_EL_Sequencer_v23.pdf
A picture of the circuit:
The problem is that I can switch AC out... |
H: Problems with gold plated connector mated with tin plated connector
I have two connectors both gold plated, because of changes I have to consider moving one of these to a tin connector. Now I need to find out what the worst case scenario would be from a design with gold mated with tin. What are the consequences of ... |
H: How do you calculate resistance needed for an inductive load?
If you have a 250W inductive load such as a DC motor, and you want to reduce the speed using a variable resistor (such as a Wirewound Ceramic Potentiometer Variable Rheostat Resistor), how do you calculate the maximum resistance needed? Do I use Ohm’s La... |
H: Why might PWM cause a whine sound in a DC motor?
I am using PWM to control the speed of a DC motor. It’s a powerful 250W fan. I’m using an Arduino to control the duty cycle.
As expected, when the analogWrite function is used with a value of 255, the motor spins at full speed (no whine sound). But, when I reduce the... |
H: CAN Bus Topology, is it possible to have "T" shape topology?
I know that for a thumb rule, it is possible to have a length of CAN Bus network with: Speed [Mbps] * Length[meter] < 50 . i.e., with 0.5Mbps, it is possible; source.
But, is it possible to have the CAN Bus network cable as a T shape? i.e., to split the c... |
H: Data sheet clarification for JTD1524S12
I am trying to design a PCB for JTD1524S12 DC-DC converter. I was going through the datasheet and on page 3 the following tables are provided:
I got the idea that these tables are related to EMC.
On the first table "EMC:Emissions" in "Notes and conditions" it is said that "... |
H: How does the current processor technology with low clock rates (<10 GHz) deals with mmWave (>10 GHz) technology used in 5G?
What I mean is that most abundant computing processors in market have the clock frequencies in the range of 2-4 GHz and from wikipedia:
As of 2012, the CPU-Z record for the highest CPU clock ... |
H: How to estimate the recommended current in an optocoupler?
I intend to use an optocoupler to simulate a push button on a control card (I could measure 5V between pins but I don't know for sure if there is a pullup resistor in the card). Also the other way around, I'd like to "listen" to a 24 V output to detect volt... |
H: MOSFET still turns on LED in off state
I am designing a LED flashing circuit with a MOSFET. With a 5V input signal it will drive a 2 watt LED when the 5V is switched on or off. The problem is when the MOSFET is in an off state 1.420 volts is still applied between the LED and load resistor.
Pictured is the two state... |
H: Run stepping motor eficiently on battery
I just bought NEMA17 stepping motor with Rated voltage of 3.57V and 1.8A with A4988 driver board to control the motor from raspberry pi.
I'm looking for a easy way to supply energy to this motor, I was thinking about batteries, but the uncle Google says that stepping motors ... |
H: Interfacing with unknown MCU (COB), unusually high current on input pin
I recently got an oscilloscope with a logic analyser and their first mission was helping me in reverse engineering the communication protocol between two 15-20 years old unknown MCUs (COB). The goal is interfacing with one of them using an Ardu... |
H: Self holding circuit - Looking for improvements
I have a battery-powered circuit (2x 3.7 V LiPo batteries) and I want to use a push-button as on switch by using some sort of low power self-holding mechanism. I have two possible solutions in my mind:
Option 1
This option uses a switch to enable the battery voltage a... |
H: PAT testing of extension leads and RCD protected sockets (UK - industrial type environment)
Not 100% sure this question belongs here, it was a choice between this stack and the home improvement stack but I have posted it here as it's about electrics in an industrial environment.
In an industrial environment where a... |
H: UART and Max10?
I am searching the datasheets of the Max10 FPGA family from Intel, but I just can not find the information that I am looking for or I have a misunderstanding.
My question: I want to create a UART -> USB connection using the FT2232H IC for interacting with a computer. The same ic also provides JTAG, ... |
H: Power of three phase rectifier
I'm confused about what type of voltage should I use to calculate the power of a three phase rectifier. For a signal like this:
I've read it should be called pulsating DC.
If I want to calculate the power in the load resistance with that output signal, should I use Vrms or Vdc?
P = (... |
H: Unknown schematic symbol (circle with 'c' )
Came across this symbol while working on a shorted Pioneer Integrated Amp
It's the circle with a C in the center. It looks like only one leg is connected.
AI: If you have another "C" in your circuit it is a reference to it. the both "Cs" connect to a single point electric... |
H: Why are there no P-channel SiC (silicon-carbide) FETs?
Looking at the top distributors, seems only N-channel power SiC are carried. Why is that?
AI: Not just SiC. All high-voltage MOSFETs.
There's no point due to how they are or would be used.
SiC is for high voltage and the max gate-source voltage is the limiting... |
H: Why does this PMOS LDO require no compensation to be stable?
LDOs with PMOS pass transistors are prone to oscillation due to positive feedback problems as discussed e.g. here.
Now the below simple circuit is basically a PMOS LDO, but seems stable in both time and frequency analysis, both in LTspice and CircuitLab. ... |
H: I don't understand PCB fabrication copper thickness
In Eurocircuits I can select between 12um (end + -30um) to 105um (end + -130um), so in the worst case if I choose 12um can I have a thickness of 12-30 = -18um?
AI: I believe they're using "+/-" to mean "approximately" here. I've seen some people use it in that man... |
H: Looking for a sensor recommendation
I am using a stepper motor that is belt driving a 3-4inch diameter pulley. The motor is quite small, only a NEMA11. I am trying to find a sensor that will reliably home the motor. I first tried a Hall effect sensor and switch and attached a small magnet to the pulley, but I am... |
H: Read Throttle Position Sensor and Display the % of Throttle Used
In a previous post in the Motor Vehicle Maintenance & Repair section, I was able to read two signals from my electronic throttle position sensor in my car. I would like to read these values and record/display the % of throttle being used. I think only... |
H: 8051 DPTR and program counter difference
So as we know both of the program counter and DPTR are 16bits in 8051 and hence both of them are capable of reaching 216 possible locations, which is sufficient for both RAM and ROM, then why DPTR is introduced while the program counter can points through all the possible lo... |
H: My IC pins are too small
I bought an IC, but the little pins are too small to fit into the female end of the wire.
I do not want to use a breadboard or solder the wires.
Are there any solutions?
AI: Buy a wire-wrap socket and push your jumpers onto its pins.
Image from https://futurlec.com/Sockets/ICS14MTWWpr.shtm... |
H: What does this beautiful 8-winding magnetics do?
Sometimes our magnetic components turn out to be beautiful, like this one:
I took this out of what looks like a projection TV, where there were three of these. Does anybody know what it does? I suspect it is a fine adjust of position.
Here is how it fits into the pa... |
H: Switching regulator vs converter
Is there any difference between switching regulators and converters? I have read about step-down voltage regulator and buck converters and they seem to be the same. So, can I use the term converter instead of switching regulator or is not it the same?
For example, in LM2596 datashee... |
H: Inexpensive ways to drive 30 LED diodes, 15mA each, preferably with less than 30 pins
I have some front panel with 30 LED inexpensive SMT LED diodes with diffrent colors.
I need to "feed" some of them with 15mA to get even brightness (they are rated for 20mA).
Normally, if I have just few LED diodes I drive them di... |
H: Identifying an SMD voltage regulator chip - top marking 15P
I am trying to replace a voltage regulator - the chip has 3-pins (2 on one side, and 1 on the other) and is marked as 15P. It is also marked with NH (or HN) rotated 90 degrees along the short side. I believe it is 3.3 volt output and likely the max input i... |
H: Reason for using short leads with capacitor tester?
When I was a high school freshman many moons ago, I took an electronics course. When the instructor introduced capacitors and how to test them, we used meters that had very short (3 inches or so long) leads. I remember that the instructor told us why such short le... |
H: Alternative MOS and IGBT for MPPT controllers
Are there alternatives to MOS and IGBT-transistors for MPPT-controllers?
Let's say we are considering a solar panel as a power source.
This power supply has an optimal state, because such a ratio of current and voltage, which allows you to give maximum power.
The device... |
H: Why does this file give me "syntax error: I give up." in verilog program?
This is my original file saved as "example.v"
module example(a,b,y);
input b,y;
output a;
assign a=b&y;
endmodule
This is my testbench file saved as "example_tb.v"
module testbench;
reg t_x, t_y;
wire t_z;
example DUT ( ... |
H: How do i correct the syntax?
This is the code written for Page rank algorithm in verilog:
`timescale 1ns / 1ps
module PR1();
wire [7:0] links[3:0][3:0];
wire [7:0] links_t[3:0][3:0];
wire [7:0] out_links[3:0];
wire [7:0] p[3:0];
genvar loop,k,i,j;
real d = 0.85; //damping factor
wire [7:0] p_new[3:0];
// hard c... |
H: Three SPST switches, two LEDs, implementing two logic functions
Given an appropriate power supply, two LEDs, current-limiting resistors, and three SPST switches, build a circuit such that:
When switches A and B are closed, LED 1 is on (otherwise off), and
When switches B or C are closed, LED 2 is on (otherwise off... |
H: How to design a sawtooth wave generator? (Required specification of sawtooth wave 0-14V and 50kHz)
I tried using ICs like the ICL-8038 and the 555 time. It didn't work out because of the supply voltage constraint. I also tried using an op-amp (LTC6244) based circuit. It gave a distorted wave at 50kHz.
I'm new to an... |
H: How to integrate in LTSPICE when .step is used?
I know that I can integrate any value in a LTSPICE using CTRL+LEFT_MOUSE. But now I used
.step param Y 0 10 1 to vary my input. And my aim was to get the energy consumed for different input, thus I need to integrate the product of current and Vdd. That is showing some... |
H: How to test a pressure control solenoid valve?
I have tested the resistance of the solenoid valve (variable force solenoid) and it was 3.6 ohm, however, when I connected it to a square 9V battery, the plunger didn't move. Does that mean it's faulty?
This the solenoid valve I have :
AI: First you must make sure the ... |
H: Measure fuel level using PIC MCU
So I found a bad fuel pump module from a 2006 Chevy Colorado, it has a ceramic resistor used for measuring the fuel level of the tank. I hooked it up to a PIC MCU like shown in the image below. What I want to do is display the "fuel" level (based on the resistance of R2) on a 16x2 L... |
H: Can I properly charge 9S battery pack without a BMS?
I have a small problem with charging my battery pack.
The first problem is that I do not even know if it really is a battery pack. It’s just eight 18650 cells connected in series in order to get +- 33,6V (one cell 4,2V on full charge.)
I’m used to charging one ce... |
H: Differential effect of brief power outage on PCs
Let me open with an apology if this is not the appropriate forum.
I have two PCs connected to the same power strip. One is an older tower PC and the other is a new all-in-one. Both run Windows 10 if that matters.
Overnight, there was a brief power interruption, possi... |
H: Is 3.5VDC going to damage an stm32 analog input?
I have a pressure transmitter sensor that is supplied with 5VDC and provides 0.5-3.5VDC analog value within a pressure range of 0-4bar. The system that I'll be using the sensor within, will almost never have a pressure above 3bars which gives a max. value of 2.75VDC.... |
H: What is the best option designing a third-order filter
I have a quick design question. I am designing a third-order low-pass filter that I factorized in a first-order section and then a second-order section, with quality factor 1. Now I am thinking about a circuit to do this and I have the following questions:
the... |
H: PWM to DAC with operational amplifier
I was following this project/tutorial shared on the website of Arduino to convert PWM signal into DAC output.
From what I can see, it uses an operational amplifier with a low pass filter (22uF capacitor and 3.3 kiloohm resistor.) I ran a quick simulation using Tinkercad Circuit... |
H: Modeling bidirectional communication across a coax?
I was reading about the history of cable internet and I'm interested in a simple model of full-duplex communications across a single coaxial cable. My first attempt is simply a transmission line with a voltage source at either end.
Either party can send a signal ... |
H: Can an FPGA development board be powered by and communicate through the same USB port?
I'm using a Basys 3 FPGA board (Artix-7 family).
I'm powering the board using it's micro USB port to PC USB port and programming it through this as well (in the JTAG mode).
Question: Can I use the micro USB port's USB-UART Bridge... |
H: Max usable watts for DRV8825 board
I want to supply an energy from notebook adapter to 17HS8401 alloy stepper motor with attached DRV8825 board. My notebook adapter says:
output:
19.5V
2.31A
45W
I know that board can handle 8.2V〜45V2.5A, but I'm not sure about the watts How could I determine it?
Also do I need an... |
H: Voltage deviation on the bootstrap capacitor
In the application note for ILD8150 at chapter 2.2.7 I read:
The high-side MOSFET gate driver is supplied by the bootstrap circuit. Capacitor CBOOT is charged when the high-side MOSFET is switched off and the diode D conducts current from VCC. CBOOT can be calculated as... |
H: How do I know if a wire is floating or not?
In digital logic, there's a state called "1" which is a defined high voltage, for example 2.7 V - 5.0 V. To achieve it we must connect it to VCC.
And "0" which is a low voltage, for example 0 V until 0.8 V. To achieve it we must connect it to GND.
And there's another stat... |
H: What's the value of an inductor marked "1K" on schematic?
I found this development module datasheet for FTDI FT4232H chip: https://ftdichip.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/DS_FT4232H-56Q_Mini_Module.pdf
At page 9, there is the module schematic, and there are two LC filters for VPLL and VPHY:
The inductors are marke... |
H: Clarifications needed about buck converter output ripple voltage derivation
I have a question regarding buck converter output ripple. In the below figure, could you please tell me how the area shown in the red circle has a time duration of Ts/2?
AI: The waveform is symmetrical.
It's not asserting that the on time a... |
H: How much of a difference can a few ohm make?
So I kinda messed my project up a bit and instead of putting 0207 resistor footprints I used 0204 - Because I lack the time to wait for a new board because I still need to test it I just go with 0204 instead - test it and order with a better layout while fixing problems.... |
H: How to amplify sawtooth wave?
I have to amplify the sawtooth wave from 0-7V to 0-14V with its waveform intact. I tried to amplify the wave using op-amps, MOSFET but the waveform shape changes. I'm new to analog circuit design, it will be helpful if you could suggest any IC or method to amplify sawtooth wave or shou... |
H: Improving grounded emitter amplifier with collector-to-base bias
According to books, this simple grounded-emitter amplifier has some shortcomings. For example, 1) the d.c. operating point is unstable. 2) since the intrinsic resistance of emitter, \$r_\text{e}\$, changes with collector current, the voltage gain of t... |
H: Battery C rating
Does the C rating give the peak current of a battery?
Say 10 Ah battery with a C-rating of 0.5C can it discharge 10 Amps current for 60 minutes?
or a 100 Amps current for 6 minutes?
Will it not overheat?
Or it can discharge a maximum current of 5 Amps for 120 minutes?
AI: The C rating of a battery ... |
H: Problem Understanding circuit of 5-volt battery charger IC
The attached image is from the datasheet of IP5306 Fully-Integrated Power Bank System. What is the significance of adding 2 ohms (R3) and 0.5 ohms (R4) resistance in the circuit? It is expected to have a low ESR capacitor in boost converters. But how that ... |
H: Where can I find the symbolic symbols of various bipolar, JFET, MOSFET in a *unified* style?
Where can I find the symbolic symbols of various bipolar, JFET, MOSFET in a unified style ?
AI: The proper unified symbols are defined by the International IPC standard and also IEEE Standard 315/ANSI Y32.2/CSA Z99 , which ... |
H: EasyEDA: The clearance between two objects is less than the Design Rule Checking (DRC) clearance which has different nets
I am currently working on a DIY project for which I decided to design a custom PCB using EasyEDA. However, after auto routing the copper traces for most of the PCB, I had to manually connect th... |
H: Help with aluminium capacitor identification
I bought a lenovo i3 mini desktop and it turned up very badly packaged and rattling inside.
I was allowed to keep it so decided to take a look inside and everything appeared fine apart from one capacitor has came off the mainboard.
If this was a normal cap I wouldn't hav... |
H: use NPN as a switch between nets that don't have a voltage difference
I'm trying to use an Arduino with a 2n2222 npn transistor to replace the functionality of S1 in this diagram. This is the schematic for my TV remote. I want to replace the physical switch with a digitally controlled one.
PD3 and PA0, according ... |
H: Are there any NFC tags that act as a switch or relay?
From what I understand there is always an active (reader/writer) and a passive (tag) NFC device.
Is it possible to have an NFC tag which is part of a circuit and works as a switch or a relay?
I would like to have a reader read the tag and if some condition is fu... |
H: What are the exact model of those two chips?
I have my laptop acer nitro 5. But i did something wrong and the usb power voltage became 0V.
Then i realized that those two chips has broken. So i tried to search the two chip's name which was written on top of the chip but no results came.
The letter written on the fi... |
H: Connecting different Ah lead acid batteries in series
Is it OK to connect several lead acid cells with different Ah capacities in series?
I know it can be done in parallel as long as their nominal voltage is the same.
AI: No, do not connect different capacity batteries in series, because after the lowest A-h capaci... |
H: What is the function of the inductor in the "Dual active bridge" DC/DC converter?
Studying the principle of operation of the DC/DC converter "Dual active bridge", I'm trying to understand what task the inductor (Ls) shown in the diagram performs. The transformer galvanically isolates and regulate the voltage in ou... |
H: How to specify the time as a dependent variable inside 'INTEG' or 'AVG' in LTSPICE?
My aim is to calculate the average and integral of a function. I have already used step function (.step param...). Right now I was using .meas to do this operation, but in that I have to mention the time as 2 to 3 ns or a range like... |
H: Why is there a parallel resistor on this regulator ouput?
In the regulator circuit below
What is the reason for having the R103 470Ω on the output of the regulator?
I feel this is wasting 9mA of current.
Could it be for adjusting the properties of the filter made in pair with the capacitor?
AI: What is the reason ... |
H: Connecting multiple MIPI CSI Cameras
I need to synchronize 4 multiple MIPI CSI Cameras. I'm using the following MCU
https://www.nxp.com/products/processors-and-microcontrollers/arm-microcontrollers/i-mx-rt-crossover-mcus/i-mx-rt1050-crossover-mcu-with-arm-cortex-m7-core:i.MX-RT1050
I would like to know the proper w... |
H: Boost converter Ic extremely heats up when trying to switch using Mosfet
In Case 1, the converter works fine but in the other case it heats up extremely.
Tried same using a PNP nosfet and it heats up the same as soon as load is connected.
12v 1A router is used as a load for boost converter
The mosfet is biased usi... |
H: Why one of the circuits in the picture don't work
I am trying to create the following circuit on Rasberry Pi board. The LED is suppose to turn on when the as long as the switch button is pressed and off again when the button is released.
I am making this.
This one doesn't work:
but this one does:
I suspect that ... |
H: Is there a way to measure the Phase Shift between the input and the output voltages related by the equation: \$V_o = V_i(a+jb).\$?
Say \$V_i\$ is an input voltage, and the output voltage is given by \$V_o = V_i(a+jb).\$ Is there a way to measure the Phase Shift between these input and output voltages?
AI: If you kn... |
H: Output composite video (PAL) signal from FPGA DAC, totally lost in the analog domain
I'd like to start generating (and perhaps also capturing) composite video (PAL) signals from a digital source, eg. FPGA. However, while my digital logic/programming skills are covered, I'm lacking a lot of fundamental analog concep... |
H: Why did my capacitor explode?
I'm new to electronics and am trying to use an Arduino and 2 BTS7960s to control 2 motors. I am powering the circuit with a 20V max Black and Decker battery. Here is what the motor part of the circuit (disregarding the Arduino) looks like:
The battery wires are attached to a lever con... |
H: Capacitor and Resistor Values on Headphone Amp Out (highpass filter)
I'm more of a programmer than someone who knows electronics. Just trying to figure out what forumlas/method to get the right capacitor and resistor values in my headphone out circuit here. Would you kind folks be able to help me out with these cal... |
H: What is Analog Ground in UDA1334A?
I purchased Adafruit's UDA1334A I2S Stereo DAC, and I'm trying to figure out how to wire it to speakers. I see I have the Lout and Rout pins, which I suppose is the positive for the left and right speakers, and between them I have AGND pin. Should I connect this to the ground of b... |
H: How is the frequency multiplied by four here?
Here is the original circuit found from YouTube link.
Since I don't have all the parts, I modified the circuit diagram:
I have edited this circuit diagram.
When I add the Zener the sound improved. The Zener is a 1N4742 (between crystal and inductor to ground.)
Circuit... |
H: Why is this circuit making a short to ground?
I was watching this video. I don't understand a circuit from the video works.
This is the circuit:
The last pin on the left is the reset pin, so every time the button is pressed, the microcontroller is reset.
I don't understand what is happening in the circuit when the... |
H: Fully differential opamp with transformer coupled input voltage
I want to amplify / buffer a transformer coupled voltage with a fully differential op amp. When using e.g. instrumentation amplifiers with a transformer coupled input voltage, one side has to be grounded somehow. I believe that the circuit shown below ... |
H: Two cables that dissipate the same heat the same?
Suppose we have two conductors which dissipate 10W, one is copper and the other is aluminum. Will both heat the same and do it at the same time? Assume the external heat dissipation is equal for both conductors.
AI: The temperature of an electrically heated conducto... |
H: What is the difference in power consumption between thermocouple and thermistor?
I am working on a project to transmit sensor data and I chose to go with a temperature sensor to connect to a micro-controller.
Since I care a lot about power consumption for my project, I would like to know which is less power-consumi... |
H: How can 3.3v CAN-bus transceiver communicate with 5 volt CAN-bus transceiver?
I'm suing TCAN33x from Texas Instruments and it's a 3.3v CAN-bus tranciever.
I have succeed to listen for CAN-bus messages from a 24V J1939 CAN-bus stepper motor. Very industrial.
But I haven't succeed to send commands to it. I haven't tr... |
H: Saturation for emitter follower
How can a transistor connected in emitter follower configuration be driven into saturation?
I know that for saturation, the base voltage should be greater than the emitter voltage, but also than collector voltage.
I am asking because some H bridges use only NPN transistors with the t... |
H: Why doesn't this USB to UART bridge circuit work
I spent most of the weekend trying to figure out why the circuit I made to upload firmware to an ESP32 (datasheet doesn't work. The reference circuit below was taken from EspressIf and I tried to recreate this on my own. This is the manufacturer of the ESP32 chip s... |
H: How to calculate energy added to grid using active and reactive power?
I have recently installed solar system that adds energy to the grid. My utility company has installed bi-directional meter at my place to record energy consumed as well as energy added to the grid.
Energy consumed is recorded in meter as kWh whi... |
H: Electrolytic capacitor function for noise filter
I have a 2-wire endstop that gets a lot of noise (the cable is together with other stepper motor cables) and a lot of noise enters it for a 3.3V microcontroller (I measured it with an oscilloscope.)
Someone recommended this circuit, I think that with an RC filter it ... |
H: Type 3 PoE PD with High Efficiency DC-DC Controller
I am reading the TI POE IC(TPS23730's datasheet), and I have some questions I would like to ask you, if you can help me I will very much appreciate it.
1.) What's the internal hot-swap MOSFET, I have no idea what's this use for?
2.) What's Oring?
3.) What's APD fu... |
H: How to connect a thermistor to a micro-controller?
I was following a datasheet of a micro-controller and I got confused. I have two thermistors (LM 35DZ & TMP36GT9Z.) I would like to connect them to an evaluation board. The picture shows how:
How can I connect my 3 pin thermistor? (GND, POWER, ANALOG V) It looks l... |
H: Communication Line Protection
I intend to protect a BUS switches ICs, whose voltage on its pins cannot exceed 5.5V and 3.3V. The current cannot exceed 16mA.
The circuits needs to opperate from 3.3V to 5V. But automotive enviroment will need protection for continuous 14,8V at the input. So, I'm using a voltage-clam... |
H: Magnetic flux density in a point
This is a single phase copper line in the next configuration
So its asked to find the magnetic flux density internal and external due \$I_{A}\$ and \$I_{B}\$ affecting the A cable and measured in the point \$P\$.
\$I_{A}=500\,A\$ and \$I_{B}=-I_{A}\$, the outside diameter in inche... |
H: Cables with different cross section having the same max allowed current?
I was looking to buy a power cable recently and my eye caught this weird fact.
Look at these two cables:
https://www.savio.net.pl/en/product/savio-1-8-m-schuko-m-power-cable-iec-c13-cl-138/
https://www.savio.net.pl/en/product/savio-cl-89-1-2-... |
H: Why is the 14-stage SN74HC4020/CD74HC4020 binary counter missing 2 output pins, leaving 2 bits inaccessible?
I purchased a few SN74HC4020 ICs, which is a 14-stage ripple-carry binary counter. The SN74HC4020 datasheet shows output pins for bit 1 (pin QA) and bits 4-14 (pins QD-QN). So in other words the output for... |
H: Where should I put an EMI filter on a barebones power supply for audio filtering?
I've an audio amplifier that was built from spares from an old kit from 19-something. The power supply for this amplifier is the simplest it could possibly be, consisting of a transformer, bridge rectifier and bulk capacitor.
Even whe... |
H: I found this circuit in a class d amp, and have no clue of its function
It doesn't make any sense for me, why would someone use those very hi fidelity op amps with nothing connected on input and output
AI: These symbols represent the power supply pins for op amps that are used elsewhere in the circuit. Note the re... |
H: Diode OR with more than two sources
Is this type of system a good idea? I tried multiplexing two coin cells, one USB and one booster using four Schottky diodes (CUS10S30.) Schematic is given below.
The RTC does not work properly in this scenario (interrupts are not occurring, clock battery supplies power to the MC... |
H: Are the parameters of pulsed laser diodes adjustable? Does making such adjustments negatively impact the laser diode in any way?
I am currently reviewing pulsed laser diodes from suppliers. The specifications are somewhat unique, so there doesn't seem to be many suppliers that offer what I'm looking for. I require ... |
H: Voltage source on both sides of a transformer
What will happen if we apply voltage sources (AC) on both the primary and secondary side of a transformer?
How will the coil and the flux produced inside it behave?
AI: If you model it as linear component, and your voltage sources as ideal:
It's a linear component. Use ... |
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