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H: Why is my 74HC04 not inverting my input?
My Situation
I have this:
https://www.tinkercad.com/things/gUv4whDvcO3-fabulous-crift/editel?tenant=circuits
Or if that fails:
Schema (I think this is right, I have not used schemas much before as I have only recently started my journey into electronics (Well, a couple of m... |
H: Why don't we make CPUs with 1000s of layers to make use of space in the third dimension?
I am wondering why don't we make processors such as CPUs with 1000s of stacked layers to make use of space in the third dimension now that we have three-dimensional transistors. To be clear I'm referencing making something of a... |
H: How to find the secondary inductance value in flyback transformer?
I try to design smps converter with flyback topology. Parameters are below:
Vin = 100V(dc) (constant)
Vout = 50V(dc)
D(on) = 50% (So, D(off) = 50%)
fsw = 70 kHz
Np/Ns = 2
According to my calculations inductance of the primary Lp = 236µH.
What is the... |
H: Colpitts Oscillator
I am implementing the following oscillator circuitry on my breadboard:
I am using the LM324n op amp and a solderless breadboard. The oscillator is tuned at about 500KHz resonant frequency, but when I hook my scope's probes there is no signal present at the output. could this purely be because o... |
H: How should I design a heat sink for an SMD power MOSFET?
I really like the specs of the Infineon OptiMOSPower-Transistor IPT007N06N, but how would I keep this beast cool?
Usually I use regular aluminium heat sinks (with water cooling or a fan) for MOSFETs in this power category, but this has to be soldered onto a P... |
H: Help needed using convolution to calculate a system's impulse response
I have a circuit with the transfer function \$G(s) = \frac{1}{(s+1)^2}\$ and I'm asked to calculate the impulse response of the circuit. After looking into it I know that I need to use convolution with the delta function to solve this.
I've mana... |
H: Reading sketch from Arduino UNO
I'm new to Arduino and spent shockingly long on an RFID code variant. Unfortunately someone then snuck into my flat and nicked my laptop. The sketch however is still on my Arduino UNO, is there a practical way to recover it in a format that would be useful? Or would my time be better... |
H: What is the difference between magnetic and primary inductance?
I try to calculate ramp compensation resistor (Rcomp) for flyback SMPS converter design. For this, I examined slope compensation section at page 15 in NCP1252 datasheet by OnSemi.
But, there is a parameter which I don't understand. Calculations are bel... |
H: Using P-Channel mosfet with arduino
I want to drive a 12v inductive load with arduino (a motor) . This device has 3 wires a common GND and one wire to go in one direction an another one to go on the opposite direction, as it has a common GND If I understand it correctly I can't use a NChannel mosfet. following dife... |
H: Possible contradiction between Ohm's Law, KCL, KVL and Faraday's Law of Induction?
Let's say, we have a loop of wire of length \$L>0\$. Let's say, hypothetically, it is a loop of non-ideal wire. That means that the wire has a resistance per unit length \$ρ>0\$. Let's further assume that there is a changing magnetic... |
H: Effects of twisted pair in 120V AC
In Square D's marketing copy for their plug on neutral load centers, they have a photo for demonstrating "cleaner wiring" in which the hot and neutral wires are twisted inside the panel before reaching the breaker. I agree it looks neater, but it got me thinking and I know just en... |
H: Attiny13 odd behaviour sometimes
I'm programming ATTiny13's to use on a custom PCB and have noticed an odd behaviour at times.
My ATTiny is connected to an Arduino Nano as per the diagram shown here, so pretty standard. I then use the following code on it:
#include <Bounce2.h>
#define BUTTON_PIN PB4
#define led1Pin... |
H: Differential amplifier and different ground
I am designing a circuit to measure the voltage across the output of buck converter. With different ground for the buck converter and the micro controller, with respect to which ground will the ADC measure?
For the circuit shown above, the ADC will measure the output wit... |
H: What does ring and cylinder symbol mean?
I'm seeing an odd symbol in a schematic provided in a datasheet for the power management chip ADP5091: a ring that goes through a cylinder. The cylinder is connected to the inductor (SW pin) and the ring is connected to the low side transistor of the boost converter. I've tr... |
H: why is there dark fiber?
Dark fiber (unused fiberoptic cables) is a confusing term for me. Why would any company build so much excess capacity? Such a business decision seems unwise. There are even companies that brand themselves as 'dark fiber providers' which is even more confusing.
https://www.ufinet.com/service... |
H: Super low duty cycle circuit
I am looking for a way to recharge some glow in the dark paint in a way that isn't noticeable to others. My idea is to use a very fast pulse of light from a bunch of UV LEDs every few seconds, but where the pulse is below the human perceptibility range.
My first thought was a 555 timer,... |
H: How to initialize a 16x2 I2C LCD in 4-bit mode with an STM32 MCU?
As part of an alarm clock project, I am trying to interface a 16x2 I2C LCD with an STM32F103RB microcontroller. The LCD uses an I2C backpack and only utilizes D7-D4 meaning 4-bit mode must be used. However, I am having trouble getting the device init... |
H: Is most of non-isolated power supply "safe"?
I need a large power supply (a little over 1kW) for a consumer appliance that only has a single on/off switch and some non-conductive handles. An off-the-shelf isolated supplies run at least $60 for a sketchy Chinese supply that only supports either US or EU mains, wher... |
H: Question about open drain
In which region does a NMOS work when its drain is open circuit? Let's say the input is high voltage lavel, how can I determine whether it is saturation of triode region when drain is open?
AI: When the drain is completely open, there's no current :-) You need to think about a load on the ... |
H: Help in understanding a IR repeater schematic
I'm relatively new to electronics projects, as a hobby. So please bear with me. I want to build an Infrared Repeater as a small project. I've found a component which I think will work nicely for the job. TSMP4138. Its an IR sensor, which will output a modulated signal. ... |
H: Reed switch only triggers with scope probe connected
I've run into a very odd problem. I've created the attached circuit, designed to cut power supply when a magnet is brought near the device. It works perfectly with the reed switch disconnected from the circuit. However, when everything is powered up, the reed swi... |
H: How does this modified H-bridge circuit work?
I am trying to design a circuit which will have as an input a single microcontroller pulse which will cause a circuit with two 555 timers to output two consecutive pulses which are able to have their pulsewidths adjusted through potentiometers. I want to create a circui... |
H: LTspice simulation problem when changing the load
I have this simulation. I tried to do a simulation for observing cross regulation problem:
Here are the results:
The two outputs are equal and stable which is normal.
Nevertheless when I change the load on one secondary, it is completely unstable. I must always ha... |
H: LDOs in series and impedance
I am unable to understand one thing. I have a 2 LDOs in series , the first a regular LDO with a normal impedance and second is a shunt regulator with an ultra low impedance .
What will my load see... the 2 impatiences added or only the last impedance (from shunt regulator)
AI: it should... |
H: Why does attaching the case to the PCB ground plane cause the audio to cut out on my cassette player?
I bought a NIB (new in box) cassette recorder on eBay recently but have had problems with the audio from the start. The issue was that touching the dials could cause the audio to crackle, go quiet, or cut out entir... |
H: bjt diode analogy confusion
I am studying bjts and one thing keeps me troubled. Bjts are shown as 2 diodes put together back to back but when I study this (let's say for npn), it is okay for base current flow to emitter as the diode between them is forward biased but I see that no current should flow from collector... |
H: Capacitor - About Dissipation Factor and Ripple current (mA/rms)
I m actually reading a capacitor datasheet which specifies the ripple current and the dissipation factor. This one:
https://datasheet.octopart.com/CA035M0100REH-0607-Yageo-datasheet-12513699.pdf
As you can see the ripple current and the dissipation f... |
H: Capacitance of 2 angled conducting plates
I have to determine the capacitance of 2 conducting plate (fringe fields are ignored) with a certain area (5m^2 here) with a gap separating them (4mm here). The second plate is inclined at an angle of 45 degrees. The dielectric between the plates has Epsilon_r = 1.5
Now I h... |
H: PCB low power self heating component separation
I am an EE that is fresh out of college and and starting at a smaller company, and I have a question about electronic self heating, and how to keep heat from spreading in a PCB to heat sensitive components, such as thermistors that are being used to measure ambient te... |
H: Shared IC tape out
I have a IC design about 300*300 micrometers. Due to the high cost of IC tape out, is it possible to fabricate the IC jointly with other people?
Does the company have such a service?
AI: All the majors (TSMC, GlobalFoundaries, Samsung, SMIC, etc.) offer 'shuttle' (multiproject) wafer services. Th... |
H: Are aluminum electrolytic capacitors suitable for encapsulation/potting?
Because aluminum electrolytic capacitors generally incorporate a venting mechanism for over-temperature/over-pressure events, are they suitable for complete encapsulation in potting compound?
Specifically, I am evaluating the compatibility bet... |
H: Beginner's LTSpice Question: Why does my sine wave look so bad and how can I fix it?
I'm planning on building a Spice circuit with variable-gap capacitors. The capacitance in general will be something like C = eps*A/(g0+g'), where g' is the oscillation that occurs on top of the nominal gap position, g0. My first th... |
H: Lossless compression technique for digital signals in an embedded system
Here's the scenario:
I have an embedded system where an ADC logs a 16-bit potentiostat sample every 2 seconds. The system continues to record data for weeks, making memory usage a concern.
Instead of using up 16-bits of storage for each of the... |
H: Charging lead acid batteries in parallel?
I recently got my hands on eight 12V 9AH lead acid batteries. Could I simply place them in parallel and charge them with a battery tender without any special measures? Are there any risks involved? Could it damage the batteries?
AI: Most lead-acid batteries charge at a cons... |
H: Using a 9V battery instead of a DC power supply
I have a DC power adapter that has the following specs:
Input Voltage: 100-240V AC, 50-60Hz, 0.5A
Output Voltage: 9V DC, 1.5A
I am interested in taking a 9V battery and a snap adapter so I can use my device away from my outlet. However I am not sure how to ensure t... |
H: Why have extra resistor in switch debounce circuit
I am using a Laird BL654 module in my project, and using the dev board schematic to help me. On the reset switch they have an external pull-up of 10k (R112) (in addition to the internal one on the module of 13k), which I understand is to give robustness against ES... |
H: Nodal Analysis using voltage sources
Find v and i in the circuit of Fig.3.11
I modified the circuit like:
and renamed the nodal voltages:
Now applying KCL at the supernode,
$$i_1+i_2=3.5....(i)$$
We know, $$i_1=\frac{v_1}{\frac{12}{7}}, i_2=\frac{v_2}{\frac32} (\text{Note that }\frac{12}{7}=1.714)$$
From equatio... |
H: PCB copper fill
Hi I am new to PCB design and Im still learning. I am wondering what is the reason behind copper fills? I searched online but I could not find an good explanation of the reason of using the copper fills.
AI: It can be used to create a ground or power plane to where all your components ground and pow... |
H: LC Power filter not achieving modelled attenuation
I am testing an LC power filter and my real world measurements of high frequency (~1.5Mhz) switching spikes show that the attenuation is not remotely close to what my design model suggested.
Situation / Requirements
I have a 6A 7.5V Mean Well SMPS. GST60A07-P1J
It ... |
H: What can I use to make n (4) analogue values selectable by a digital pin?
Using an arudino nano as the micro controller, I would like to read a few voltages around my project board.
These values are being read by way of a simple voltage divider circuit for values up to 25v, using 30KΩ and 7.5KΩ resistors on each po... |
H: In a circuit schema, why the voltage at the battery anode is conventionally 0V while the voltage at cathode is usually the voltage of the battery?
I will try to explain where my question is coming from.
Knowing that voltage is the electric potential energy per unit of charge at a given point.
And knowing that elect... |
H: MCU controlled power-on sequence
I would like to implement the power-on sequence of an IC. It has 3 different power supplies plus the clock, which has to be enabled after the power supplies. I am considering employing a ATTINY202 for the implementation, while the LDOs all belong to TLV755P family. Clock has not yet... |
H: Equivalent transformer model AN1679/D
I found the following transformer model in the AN1679/D written by ON SEMICONDUCTOR. The document is really interesting and very well explained.
Nevertheless, I do not understand this point, how the two model are equivalent :
If I try to put Ll2 which is at the secondary to th... |
H: How do I design preamplifier and amplifier (for a speaker) circuits from scratch?
I am 3rd year electronics student.
I want to design a speaker from the circuit level.
As this is my first time, I have no clear idea how to start and where to start.
Can anyone please suggest to me how to design the pre-amplifier and ... |
H: Designing a haptic feedback motor vibrator circuit
I'm having a Vive Virtual Reality device which has one digital output pin.
Here is the specs for the digital output pin:
My plan is to use a 2N2222 transistor connected to that digital output, with a reverse diode parallel to the vibrator motor to protect for reve... |
H: Can FSMs be Timed and Recursive?
I am reading a textbook Circuit Design with VHDL, 3rd Edition by Volnei Pedroni. There, he claims that there exist 3 categories of finite-state machines - namely, regular, timed (where the output depends on the time as well as on the input), and recursive (where the output also depe... |
H: How does the Yamaha DX7 digital analog converter work?
The Yamaha DX7 keyboard seems to have a quite sophisticated DAC and I wonder how it works. It is mostly specified as 12-bit DAC running at a sampling rate of 50kHz, but this doesn't tell the whole picture it seems.
The broad bus is the main system data bus, th... |
H: Writing to a Register happens one or two clock cycles after asserting write enable?
I am using the code shown here Verilog: Writing to a Register Happens A Clock Cycle Late and that user posted a picture where output would change 2 cycles after asserting write enable. That post got an answer which seemed reasonably... |
H: Is it possible for a DC LDO to be able to take in AC and DC
I have an LDO TPS7B69 which takes in up to 40V DC and regulates it to 5V. This LDO typically takes in DC, but I would also like it to be powered by AC 40 volts peak max at 50Hz or greater.
Rectification would first come to mind, and I would prefer using a ... |
H: How to safely power a large LED strip project
I'm making an LED matrix with a board and 4X WS2811 strips (5 m length, 150 LEDs). Each strip is 45 W, takes 12 V and is 3.75 A. I have connected them in series and injected a 12 V, 60 W/5 A adapter for every strip. It's powered by an Arduino Uno and all grounds are co... |
H: Where to connect tristate pin of oscillator?
I'm trying to use this oscillator in a project but am unsure of how to connect the tristate pin.
I believe I should NC it but don't want to mess up my design if that is not the case.
https://ecsxtal.com/store/pdf/ECS-5032MV.pdf
Tri State Function
Pin 1 ... |
H: Inductor dimensions as a function of time(?)
While perusing the text book "Foundations of Analog and Digital Electronic Circuits" by Anant Agarwal , I came across this text in the section on inductors:
Why are the dimensions of the inductor a function of time if the geometry of the inductor varies from the toroida... |
H: What's the effect of shorting the wiper terminal with one of the ends of a trim pot?
EDIT: I realized I didn't draw the schematic properly. Previously, the 100 Ohm resistor wasn't there.
I thought I'd done the math correctly for this, but clearly something conceptually isn't straight for me. I need a 5K potentiomet... |
H: Laser scanning: why are things like deflection and mirrors used instead of just a mount and servo?
In the Wikipedia article for laser scanning, it is said that laser scanning is the controlled deflection of laser beams, visible or invisible. It then lists some of the technologies used, such as mirrors. But why is d... |
H: Why is there a spec for min fall time in I2C Fast Mode?
Why is there a spec for min fall time in I2C Fast Mode but not in standard mode?
Is it fine to use I2C standard mode with a fall time of 5n?
AI: Originally there was only Standard Mode with up to 100 kHz clock support. It did not have any specification for lim... |
H: How to achieve four quadrant operation of the field oriented control of the three phase induction motor?
I have been developing software for field oriented control of the three phase induction motor. I have been facing a problem how to incorporate changing of rotation direction into the control software.
The requir... |
H: Is it possible to draw a border on row on 20x4 LCD?
I have 20x4 LCD, and I am using the LiquidCrystal_I2C library to communicate with the screen via Arduino.
I want to build a menu with that screen, and I want to illustrate the "currentHover" option.
For example:
If it is not possible, I would love to get other id... |
H: Super capacitors in series vs voltage up converter
If I connect super capacitors in series, I'm able to raise the voltage by the sum of the capacitors' voltages, but I lose 1/2 of each of the Farad capacity for each of them in series. Correct?
If I connect these super capacitors in parallel, I have the sum of the F... |
H: Reducing IR proximity sensor module power consumption
I have built a rechargeable automatic hand sanitiser using an IR proximity sensor(HW 201.) It consists of an IR proximity sensor module, TIP 32 transistor, 3-6 V DC pump, TP4056 charging module and a 3.7 V Li-Ion 3800 mAh rechargeable battery.
I'm facing an issu... |
H: Need help selecting the right speed controller for a 3-phase AC motor
This a three-phase single-volt 5-HP AC motor salvaged from a treadmill with a busted controller board.
The goal is to salvage the treadmill. Originally I was trying to repair the controller board.
I've decided to try a simpler approach of replac... |
H: Does boosting voltage using MT3608 from 3.7V to 10V module reduces the Lipo battery capacity?
Suppose say, Iam trying to boost the voltage of my 3.7 Lipo battery to 10V using MT3608 STEUP UP CONVERTER and I need to run 3 LEDs(connected in series) which takes 9V (3v for each LED)
If my LIPO battery specifications ar... |
H: Bi-directional motor control with 3 push buttons
I am trying to create a system where there are 3 input buttons (PTM) and a dc motor output. The motor needs to be bidirectional.
The 3 buttons are: forwards, stop and backwards.
once the forwards or backwards button is pressed, the motor keeps running until the stop ... |
H: Can you split an AC power cord into a 'y' to feed two AC loads?
I usually work with low voltage DC stuff, like little Arduino circuits and things. I've had no problem powering multiple things from a single power source that need roughly the same voltage (or using buck converters to step things down, or whatever).
H... |
H: Can a piezo disc be connected directly to a op amp?
I'm trying to use a piezo disc as a sensor do detect slight vibrations, I see the signal on an oscilloscope, it needs to be amplified. But I can't manage to amplife it.
For this, I wanted to use a simple inverting op amp circuit :
I also tried by replacing the po... |
H: Regulated Ground
this is more of a concept question than a physical circuit question. I am not an electronic engineer and only build electronics as a hobby in my free time so I do apologize if I am missing something simple. Before continuing with my question I did try and search around for a answer to my question b... |
H: Isolation Circuit Question - How does this feedback work?
I am completely stumped. I have been troubleshooting this circuit for some time, and is what powers another circuit. The thing is, I have no idea how this thing works (not well as of late, due to other design errors past this section of the project.) I am ne... |
H: Buck Converter design, which is better? 48V->12V direct conversion or 48V->24V->12V conversion for 12V application
I am designing a 1KW DC-DC buck converter with Vin(51V battery pack with Vnom = 48V) for driving four 250W motors. Is it advisable to step down the voltage directly from 48V to 12V or should I first st... |
H: Can anyone shed light on why a I2C PCF8574 LCD driver would only be using I2C 'read' operations to 'write' to the device?
I am trying to understand a simple I2C driver for a HD44780 with soldered PCF8574 daughter board, I'm still relatively new to electronics engineering (read: 20 years out of date), but an old han... |
H: How do TVSS and Circuit Breakers (thermal-magnetic) interact with each-other?
In EU you can find thermal-magnetic circuit breakers all other the places in buildings and it's not uncommon to have daisy chains of them (meaning a main panel will have one, which is connected to another secondary panel which has another... |
H: Variable-Gap Capacitors in LTSpice
I have seen several blog posts that discuss the concept of a nonlinear capacitor (or inductor) here, here, and here. Thanks to a concerned citizen for the references.
I'm still struggling with the execution of this for my capacitor. Below is a screenshot of the capacitor I care ab... |
H: Photocurrent in photodiode smaller than expected
I have a question regarding the usage of the phototransistor SFH 203 P, which I want to use for a project, where I need a small fall- and rise-time. The data sheet (I think) implies that if I use the photodiode as follows (in reverse bias) I should get a photocurrent... |
H: Bench Power Supply Current Rating
When a bench power supply is rated for 0-30V, 0-5A, does that mean that it can supply more than 5A at voltages below 30V while keeping the max power constant, or is there a hard cap on the current?
AI: The supply can deliver up to 5 amps at up to 30 volts.
The voltage and current r... |
H: What is the purpose of PLL in a general microcontroller
An ARM Cortex-M4 based microcontroller like TM4C123GH6PM is designed with multiple clock sources with a processor core clocked at 80MHz provided by the PLL, which, from what've read in NI-What is a PLL? and All About Circuit - What exactly is a PLL?, is some s... |
H: A large resistor in series (parallel) with a small resistor has the resistance of the larger (smaller) one, roughly?
I am currently studying the textbook The Art of Electronics, third edition, by Horowitz and Hill. Chapter 1.2 Voltage, current, and resistance says the following:
A large resistor in series (paralle... |
H: Op amps with load impedance matching
I have a THS3491 Op amp, and want to use non-inverting configuration.
Reading through the datasheet, all the specs are defined with \$R_L=100\Omega\$.
So, does this mean I have to attache \$ 49.9\Omega \$ resistor in SERIES with \$ 50\Omega\$ load (Oscilloscope, for example) to... |
H: op amp biasing... why are voltage sources reversed biased +/-?
I'm still trying to understand the theory of audio signal processing, namely guitar amplifiers. The main thing that got me started down this path was a broken amp that I have. I have since figured out the problem and I know how to fix it but I've also... |
H: What is the maximum voltage of a coin cell battery?
The nominal voltage seems to be 3V for a coin cell battery (e.g. motherboard battery), but what the maximum of a fully charged battery fresh out of a package from the factory? What is the theoretical max?
AI: That depends on the chemistry.
For non-rechargable lit... |
H: Transistor confusion
I am trying to control a 6v DC motor using Arduino, by feeding a PWM signal to the base of an NPN transistor hooked up to the motor circuit as shown in the schematic below.
simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
Individually, both circuits work fine; if I remove the transis... |
H: Can the capacitance of a proximity sensor be increase by adding layer to the capacitor?
Would adding layers to the capacitor of a proximity sensor from lets say 1 (A) to 4 layers (B) help with increasing the capacitance and at the same time the distance that can be sensed with a proximity sensor?
AI: Unfortunately,... |
H: Multiple processes value of signal
If i have 2 separate processes in 2 different components
One with:
address_regIM <= address_regIM + 1
And another with:
y <= address_regIM
If address_regIM has an initial value, what will be the value of y?
Will it be the incremented value or the initial value since all process st... |
H: HDMI cable sparks and shocked me
I just owned a desktop PC and as display I connected my TV through HDMI cable.
Today I changed the HDMI cable to one that can handle 4K resolutions. So I disconnected the old HDMI cable and then with the new cable I connected first the PC side and the the TV side and I got a spark i... |
H: Is this an acceptable circuit for debouncing a Raspberrry Pi input pin?
I am trying to design a circuit to debounce an input switch on a Raspberry Pi. The switch is for a doorbell, so it doesn't need to register multiple valid presses that are close together in time. There will be at least a second between any two ... |
H: Establishing Safe Operation Range for Lipo Battery with Buck Boost Converter
I have a circuitry that I need to power up with lipo battery. I need to regulate battery to 3.3V with buck-boost converter, since LDO can not be able to provide required current output and causes heating problem etc. In order to safely wor... |
H: BJT Pair on Voltage Regulator Output
What's the purpose of the BJT pair on the output of this regulator? Note: +VD is used to power several IC's.
It almost looks like a way to power +VD from two separate sources. If so, I guess I'm not clear on what happens with the BJT's when both sources are applied.
AI: Pin 1 ... |
H: CAN Bus Nominal Impedance
I understand the reason for choosing a termination resistor of 120 Ohms for the CAN bus to avoid reflections but why was the nominal impedance of the CAN bus cables required to be 120 Ohms by the ISO 11898-2?
AI: You mean, why not 220 ,100 or 75 or 50 Ohms?
It was conveniently close to wh... |
H: 12V or 220V for energy efficiency?
I just saw a DIY solar panel setup, in which a single panel produces 12V output, which is then passed through a controller and stored in a 72Ah 12V car battery.
The stored electricity is mostly supposed to be used for night lighting of the outside, and currently consists of a sing... |
H: Estimating SOC using coulomb counting with DSP
I am trying to estimate the SOC of a battery using the Coulomb Counting technique. I am implementing the following equation on a DSP inside PSIM:
$$
SOC[K] = SOC[K-1] - \frac{I_{Bat}}{Q_{Bat}}\cdot{Ts}
$$
//Performed at T=0 of the simulation
double SOC[2] = {0.0, 0.7};... |
H: Correctling a sign in a simple circuit with parallel resistors
I've a simple circuit with two parallel resistors, but my derivation of the circuit equations gives a sign the opposite of what I know to occur, so I'm looking for help fixing the error as well as a general strategy for keeping the signs correct in the ... |
H: Why are the parts more expensive than a Pro Micro?
I have just started studying electronics and I am having a good time. In the past my experience would have been to use cheap boards, such as the Pro Micro.
What I find confusing is that parts, such as an oscillator, is often more expensive than a cheap $3 Micro Pro... |
H: Is using a wire rated the same as its circuit's fuse OK?
I want to add a kill switch on the fuel pump relay in my car, which includes extending a line connected to a 15A fuse.
I bought some 15A auto wire, but on reflection I'm not 100% sure if that's right. Since the wire is rated the same as the fuse, is there a c... |
H: Texas Instruments fully differential op amp app note: I'm having difficulty understanding an equation (single ended to differential video conversion)
I am developing a circuit to convert single-ended video to differential, based around the TI article "Converting single-ended video to differential video in single-su... |
H: Diode in RC Filter
Is a diode ever used in an RC filter in the configuration below to stop charge from the capacitor flowing back to the source when it falls below the cap voltage (kind of like a peak detector)? Or why isn't this done?
AI: You can do that, but it stops being a RC low-pass filter when you do:
When y... |
H: Op-amp circuit oscillation
The ideal op-amp is connected to a power source \$V_s\$ at t = 0. Initial charge on the capacitor is 0.
Then it is given that \$V_{OUT}\$ swings to positive value and \$V^-\$ starts increasing. \$V^-\$ increases till \$V_{TH}\$ and then starts decreasing, till it reaches \$-V_{TH}\$ and... |
H: RC circuit not ideal sampling
I have this circuit and I have to find \$x(t)\$, starting from \$ x_c (t) \$
I know that, at \$t=0\$, the switch is closed, so the capacitor is charged and, at the moment \$ x(n)T_c \$ the switch is open and the capacitor discharge on the resistance (with an exponential trend and an RC... |
H: Common emitter bandwidth and probing
I am trying to design a simple RF amplifier for a 1MHz AM signal (for low-power transmission). My modulator (JFET-based) outputs ~800mV peak-to-peak. My power supply is 9V, and I want near the largest possible amplification without distortion (class A operation) - my modulator o... |
H: Do Induction Motors only work if the rotor's coils have a finite resistance?
I just did some calculations, and to me it seems that the induction motor only works when the rotors coils have finite resistance:
I will show that for a single conducting loop, whose current is driven by change of flux due to the exterior... |
H: Why are bipolar transistors used for switching applications?
I noticed that many sites targeted at hobbyists recommend bipolar transistors (mostly NPN) to switch things on and off. Bipolar transistors definitely have their purposes especially in analog circuits, but if you want to switch a relay for example, a MOSF... |
H: whats does the ESP-01S LED indicate
I recently bought an ESP-01S module and it only has one blue LED on it (unlike the other ESP8266 modules) and when I connect the 3v3 and gnd, it blinks twice.
I was wondering what does this LED indicate? is it only power? or maybe connected to the RX and TX pins?
Unfortunately, I... |
H: Buck converter without inductor in a NiMH charger (Zilog AN0259 application note)
After doing some reading online, it seems that you can't really build a step-down converter with only a filtering capacitor and without an inductor, because the losses occuring during charging of the capacitor would lead to low effici... |
H: How would you combine DC power, bi-directional serial data, and an RF signal on a single 50-Ohm coax feedline?
I would like to power a remote device and communicate with it over some serial protocol on the far-end of a 50-Ohm coax feedline (RS232, i2c, SPI, etc), while at the same time sending/receiving an RF signa... |
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