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H: Can a solenoid have its magnetic field "focused"? Imagine a solenoid generating a magnetic field. Can this field be focused so that it exists only in a certain section of that solenoid at a given time. If a typical solenoid looked like: ////////////// ... and then had current applied and generated a field around i...
H: What does 25°C mean on a transistor data sheet? The background is, I'm trying to understand how well a typical transistor obeys the Ebers-Moll equation at constant (junction) temperature. See this snapshot taken from the Fairchild datasheet of the 2N3904 transistor. My question is what is meant by 25°C? Is it amb...
H: Connect a 4-pin connector to power supply I currently have a fan with a 4-pin connector that I want to power, but I do not have a power supply with a 4 or 8-pin connection. Is it possible to disconnect this connector piece and connect the individual wires directly? (red and black?) Update: I gave it a shot and rem...
H: Name this short-range optical component It's time for another rousing round of "Name That Component"! Today's participant hails from a Bluetooth combo keyboard/mouse, where it detects finger motion across it which the Bluetooth chip translates into relative motion HID messages. It (supposedly) uses an imager of so...
H: Response of a stable second-order transfer function to a unit sine wave input In the lecture slides from my university it says that: "The response of a stable second-order transfer function to a unit sine wave input is:" $$Y(s)=\frac{1}{s^2+2\zeta\omega_n+\omega_n^2}*\frac{\omega}{s^2+\omega^2}$$ Isn't this missing...
H: Tuning the radio receiver I am trying to understand how exactly to tune the Superhet receiver. In my simulations, I have attached to the initial frequency mixer---> A local oscillator and an AC signal source to model the incoming frequency. Now my question is how will this wanted frequency reach the mixer from the...
H: Transistor pinout - how to read the datasheet Is the capsule's straight face visible? Or the round one? Is that top view or bottom view? Do all datasheets use the same orientation? This is the datasheet. I'm not looking for an answer specific to this datasheet. I want to know how to identify pins when there's a r...
H: Creating printed circuit boards (PCBs) which aren't flat I would like to create a printed circuit board (PCB) which is not flat and which is not shaped into a square, but don't know how to proceed. Can Cadsoft Eagle create such a board? If so, how? What other software packages can be used to create boards such as t...
H: Inform microcontroller that the analogue circuit is powered up Basically, I want to pull-down the microcontroller pin if some analogue circuit is powered up. The analogue circuit power is 9V, 1.6A. The idea I have is to use something like IRLZ24N MOSFET, connect gate to the analogue circuit via resistor, connect mi...
H: How can a CPU deliver more than one instruction per cycle? Wikipedia's Instructions per second page says that an i7 3630QM deliver ~110,000 MIPS at a frequency of 3.2 GHz; it would be (110/3.2 instructions) / 4 core = ~8.6 instructions per cycle per core?! How can a single core deliver more than one instruction per...
H: How exactly to track oscillator in superhet receiver The IF is 490 kHz. I have learnt that the local oscillator and the tuning block before the IF stage must "be aware of each other" or track. So in my case, the tuning of both the circuits should differ by 490 kHz. See this article: Radio Receivers - Constant Frequ...
H: How is EMI avoided inside of an IC? I was re-watching this video about how CPUs are made and at the time of the video the link points to, I thought "Isn't there some EMI problems with all those transistor signals flying all over the place?" Possibly some small amount of radiated interference or something. And that ...
H: Definition of Full-scale error I was looking for the concept of "Full-scale error" (related with laboratory measurement terminology) on the web without success. I would appreciate your help. AI: An error expressed as a percentage of full scale means that any measurement made will fall between the limits given by th...
H: STM32F4xx input pin reads wrong state on first run but not subsequent I am working on a program which reads the state of a pin at startup to determine an operational mode. When I run the code on first power up, it reads incorrectly, but subsequent resets without power cycle read correct. I can't seem to find an ans...
H: When routing power how is a safe current-carrying wire configuration determined with multiple wires? I've been looking at a device/power-supply pair I was sent recently for a project. The device specs say it needs 24V and will draw 10A max. The power supply provides 24V @ 9A (14A peak). The power supply has 3 posts...
H: Difference effect filter in before and after amplifier Is there any difference between low pass filter that put before amplifier and after amplifier? Which one is good for PC audio amplifier? AI: When you amplify something, you are increasing the power. If you look at the cost of components, it will cost you less ...
H: Why the neutral of the UPS or inverter or generator is advised to be earthed/grounded? In my company we had few earthing related issues. When an consultant was brought in and apart from solving the issue, a suggestion was made to ground the neutral of the UPS and diesel generators that we have. The situation preven...
H: mpasm - overlapping variables in a udata directive In MPASM it appears I can do this to make paylen_lo and bytesleft have the same memory location: UDATA paylen_hi RES 1 bytesleft RES 0 paylen_lo RES 1 This uses the same type of trick as used with CBLOCK where 0 bytes is reserved for ...
H: Reducing Ripple in the Zener Regulator In the Art of Electronics (Horowitz & Hill) the following circuit is given as a solution to reduce ripple current caused be variations in input voltage (pg. \$ 69 \$): "An alternative method uses a low-pass filter in the zener bias circuit (Fig. 2.13). \$R\$ is chosen to ...
H: Why RTS/CTS do not solve completely the hidden terminal problem and exposed terminal problem? I was doing some reading online and textbooks about the RTS/CTS protocol for wireless transmission. Although, the textbook that I read said that the hidden terminal (and exposed terminal) is solved by RTS/CTS, online I saw...
H: Which resistor to use for this LED I'm looking to buy resistors for a Raspberry Pi project, but am getting conflicting information on which resistance to use for my LEDs. I will have three LEDs. The voltage from the RPi GPIO pins is 3.3 V. At 20 mA current, the forward voltages are 1.85-2.5V, 2.2-2.5V, and 3.0-3.4V...
H: Reprogram / modify existing products containing microcontrollers Is it possible to reprogram a device containing a microcontroller if I know the name of the microcontroller and have the necessary equipment to program a clean microcontroller of the same type? To be more specific, I'm wondering if one could manipulat...
H: HC-06 Bluetooth module not responding to any AT commands I am trying to interface with a HC-06 module but I can't talk to the module over serial. My VCC is connected to 5V (also tried 3.3V) of my Arduino Uno, and GND is connected to ground of it (obviously). I've connected the RXD to pin 11 and TXD to pin 10 (also ...
H: Output resistance of a multistage BJT amplifier In the amplifier shown: To calculate the output resistance, this equation is used: I understand that the R5/(B+1) comes from resistance reflection, but why do they not take the resistance in the collector of Q7, which I expected to be in parallel with R5, into consi...
H: Heating coil over-drawing current I am currently designing a circuit that includes a nichrome coil used as a heating element. The wall adapter is 25V 5A DC, which leads to different buck converters that takes it down to the appropriate voltages. The Buck converter that leads to the coil is set to have an output of ...
H: ATmega128 Extended I/O This is my fist time working with a "bigger" micro controller, ATmega128. So far I've worked with ATmega328, ATmega8 etc. Reading through the datasheet, I didn't understand couple of points That AVR instruction set can support a maximum of 64 I/O locations. Why is that? Does the AVR instruc...
H: Bipolar transistor switch base current calculation example from PEFI seems wrong? I'm reading through Practical Electronics for Inventors, 3rd edition, on bipolar transistors, and they provide this example of a transistor switch: I'm a bit confused by the calculation at the bottom for the base current: \$I_{B} = \...
H: The various terms for voltage I am trying to get a handle on some electrical circuit diagrams I've been encountering as I try to get back into electronics and building electronic gadgets. I've encountered a number of terms for voltage, and I am not sure what they all mean, so I was hoping someone could explain them...
H: Can I use a PNP BJT as a current sinking voltage supply? I am using a counter MC100E016 and I need to connect a 3 V supply at the Vtt terminal that is able to sink current. Can I use a PNP transistor with 3V supply at its emitter and the collector connected to the ground with some negative bias at the base as a cur...
H: Power calculation of a transformer using only current and resistance If I use \$P = I^2R \$ for primary and secondary will that tell me the effective power being dissipated? Uf I divide secondary power by primary power and multiply by 100%, would that tell me the efficiency of the transformer? I haven't considered ...
H: Can an ADS1231 be used in place of an ADS1115? I have a working millivolt recording device which uses the ADS1115 16-bit adc. I would like to move up in resolution to the ADS1231 which is 24-bit. The Ads1115 is described as an i2c-compatible serial interface device using SDA and SCL lines to the microcomputer. I've...
H: Can I use + charge 3 LiPo cells in series with 3 separate charge controllers? I'm looking at this circuity from SparkFun. It's an mppt + LiPo charger, which is exactly what I need, but I need several cells. I'm actually fairly content to just build 3 of these, and wire each in series, but will that cause any balanc...
H: EL wire inverter to molex inside computer I am trying to rig some EL tape into my computer, but I am unsure where to go at this point. So far, I know that I'm buying this inverter http://www.adafruit.com/products/448?gclid=CPSI1IOS-b8CFZTm7Aodj1IAAQ As well as the EL tape, and it would now take 12 volt DC. But I d...
H: How can I increase the torque, but not the speed of this DC motor to gear with a potentiometer setup? Short video of the machine running. It's made of three AAA batteries in series giving a total of 4.5V to the DC motor, these are connected through a potentiometer to control the speed. The DC motor is connected to ...
H: Data over a 5V DC power connector I am looking for a simple way to encode some data over a dc power line. (Probably using a very low cost IC) In my design, I have a port that provides 5V, 200mA for connecting some device, but now I like to extend the capability of my port to send and receive some data over that por...
H: BJT circuit analysis confusion In the following circuit: Ib is given as: I don't understand how they arrived at this. I thought it would be a voltage divider between Rsig and Rb||Rbase divided by Rbase: Can anyone explain? Thanks. AI: I assume there is a DC path for emitter current that isn't shown and, for some...
H: HDMI and I\$^2\$C I was having a look at the HDMI pinout and I thought: why would they use I\$^2\$C for the display-host communication? My question here is about the design metrics that lead to this choice. HDMI is a quite recent standard while I\$^2\$C is around since 1982. I\$^2\$C is meant for on board, chip to ...
H: Understanding resistors on inputs/outputs of op amps I was looking at the schematic for Dave Jones' uCurrent, and I can't seem to make sense of why there are 270 ohm resistors on the inputs and outputs of the op amps in his circuit. The resistance is low enough that it wouldn't affect the filter in the feedback loo...
H: Difference between applying voltage, and voltage across? I'm confused about the two terms, when voltage is applied and across a certain element in the circuit. AI: What Ignacio said is the core of the answer, I hope I can help you out going a bit deeper. Generally the only distinction between "applied voltage" and ...
H: Heatsink or IC: how to determine root cause of overtemp? I have a manufacturing situation where we perform a functional test on a board and we are getting frequent overtemperature failures from a BGA package with a heatsink on it. I would like to be able to determine if the cause of overtemperature is because of a ...
H: Actuating a relay (either 5V or 12V) with 3V I am trying to figure out how I can actuate a high amperage 12V relay with only the batteries I have on board. Basically the idea is here to have a 3.7V lithium cell, a momentary switch to actuate the relay, and then let the current flow from the lithium cell through the...
H: Schematics for a simple radio transmitter that can be built only with passive components? Fantasized in some of the survivalist, post-catastrophic novels, movies or docudramas is the radio built only with handcrafted or scraped components. Beyond the popular appeal of this stories, I think there is a core of truth ...
H: Space Vector Modulation Im looking to learn more about this topic so that I can implement it in an amplifier design. I've read around and understand most of the math behind it, but I'm still a little fuzzy on how to implement it. Here are somethings I would like to know to start with: Is this a strictly code-relat...
H: Is there a difference in heat produced on a conductor between AC and DC at the same amperage and voltage? Is there a difference in amount of heat produced on a conductor between AC and DC at the same amperage and voltage? For example if you ran 50A at 480V through a conductor would the heat produced be the same for...
H: Topology for a DC-DC step up converter for a single AA battery with 50V 10mA output I need to design a very compact step up DC-DC converter for the single AA battery (input voltage 0.7-1-5V) with an output of 50V 10mA. The load should drain in a typical case about 2mA, but in certain cases, the load could drain eve...
H: Resistor required for capacitor? I'm currently working on some simple circuits to learn about circuitry, and being a Physics major I have a pretty good grasp of the mathematics and concepts, but I'm a little confused about capacitors. I understand how they work, but am curious about their placement in a circuit. A...
H: Why is this 5V voltage regulator not outputting 5V? I purchased a bunch of LM330T voltage regulators and in my testing, it's outputting about 5.9V when I feed it 6.5V. It's listed as a 5V regulator at Digikey: LM330T-5.0/NOPB Here's the data sheet: LM330 I must not be understanding something very fundamental here....
H: Does Thevenin's theorem apply in power plants? I know when we analyze a circuit's Thevenin equivalent, the best we can ever get is 50% power transfer to the load. I would assume that this holds true for power plants (source) and the rest of the grid (load). I realize this is a fairly simplified view. Anyway, I'm t...
H: How to place a hole at an angle in Eagle I am trying to create my own package in Eagle 6.6. I have to place holes at specific angle of 36 degrees. I need to place 10 holes on the circle with an angle of 36 degree to each hole. The package I am trying to create as shown below: I have created a circle with 5 mm diam...
H: Outputting a clock signal from an FPGA Referring to question here: Click here, I'd like to use the 16 channel LED driver to run my 7-segment displays. I'm using a Spartan 6 LX9 FPGA to implement a 16-bit microprocessor that will take care of it all. The development board I'm using is pretty barebone and has an onbo...
H: Trying to Understand Spurious Sideband Interference (and some causality problems...) Suppose I have a radio and I intend to transmit a 0.1 µs pulse on a 100 MHz carrier. Fourier theory tells me that this signal will produce some sideband interference resembling a Sinc function. Suppose I have a friend Bob who is ...
H: How to get more current from 555 timer? My power supply is filtered regulated 5 volt 500 mA . I am using a 555 in monostable mode to switch the motor on for a certain amount of time after the 555 is trigerred. (The 555 is being trigerred by a counter circuit). But the output current from the 555 is too low. How can...
H: Female-female connector, but what is it called? Question What is the "official" name for this type of connector? (the large black box in the image) More info... I need the connection to connect two PCBs together as one was missing from a system that I purchased. The connection links between the male header pins on ...
H: Calculating Z_T (total impedance) Using a mobile device so I can't upload a picture. I need to find Z_total in a circuit. I will simplify the circuit description so that its easily pictured. The simple circuit contains The 5<20 phasor current source ("<" representing angle here). The source is in series with...
H: How to generate Red light from a Blue-Dominated Spectrum I have a white LED light source, the spectrum of which looks as follows --- want to filter out red light from this white LED source. But as you can see the spectrum dwindles in the red zone. And therefore, when I put red filter (absorptive filter) in front o...
H: Dealing with USB VBUS on a 3.3v board I have an STM32 board I am currently designing which is going to use the USB bus for communication and programming. The ground connector on the USB will be tied to the board ground, and the D+ and D- lines will go to the STM32's USB_DP and USB_DM with a pull up on the D+ line t...
H: How do I solder "cable shoes" onto a circuit board? I've got a timer (http://m.ebay.co.uk/itm/221094671882) with male cable shoe connectors (see image). I've connected the timer with other devices using wires w/female cable shoe connectors. Cable shoe connector example. I'd like to attach the timer directly to a...
H: What are the big plugs for that you find on high demand devices in North America (120V-Areas)? Talking about AMEA socket system and 120V. High power demand devices like A/Cs do have bigger plugs with some switches on them. What exactly is their purpose? Seems like a fuse but isn't the socket cirquit fused against o...
H: Standard Relay vs SSR vs TRIAC for Switching CFLs I'm confused weather I should go for a standard electromechanical relay (EMR) or a sold state relay (SSR) to switch CFLs @ 220V with 100W max load. This is for a commercial product with the following objectives: Have at least 7 years of life (of continuous use) Res...
H: What are UL Contact Ratings in a Relay Datasheet? These UL contact ratings are listed in the datasheet for a Tyco relay: T90 Series, 30A PCB Relay. (Note: the link will ask you to download the PDF, as do most Tyco PDF links) The contact life is different for different loads and this is as expected. However, if you...
H: Costs of microcontroller with GSM module First of all, I have to confess that I am a noob on this topic ;) Currently I try to realize a pet project with a microcontroller, which is connected to a GSM module. I've done some research and found several GSM modules, which can be used with AT Commands - e.g. SIM900 or S...
H: How does voltage drop work? I've been working with electronics for a while now, and I understand how to work with/account for voltage drop. But I'm still mystified as to how it works, particularly with components in series. Say I have two small incandescent lamps in series hooked up to a power supply. Through what ...
H: Breadboard resistance and TMP36 sensor I got a strange issue with my Arduino, and more specifically with my breadboard. I got the following circuit: +5V |----[TMP36]-----| GND | | A0 Where TMP36 is a thermoresistor (datasheet). When I got this circuit, everything is fine and I g...
H: Using current measurments for smart charging a battery I've been doing some reading on smart charging a battery, and I hope to create a system that can charge batteries with the use of a solar panel. Most of the reading I've encoutered utilises the "Negative delta voltage" on NIMH batteries to determine when the ba...
H: Spectrum Analyzer vs. numerical FFT-based methods? We sample a signal over time (e.g. voltage fluctuations of a resistor). Then do a FFT-based Power Spectral Density in a PC. What advantage would a physical spectrum analyzer provide over doing the spectral analysis numerically in a PC? (I am NOT interested in a rea...
H: Combinational logic delay is greater than clock period Suppose you have a combinational circuit between two registers driven by a clock. What will you do if the delay of the combinational circuit is greater than your clock signal? (You can’t resize the combinational circuit transistors). My answer to this is that w...
H: What Lithium chemistry in phones' (now) 3.8V batteries? I'm specifically looking for the discharge tolerances...can communicate with the charge controller on the phone and want to increase the discharge depth from 3.5V to say 3.1-3V for longer battery life. The cell won't sleep until at least 3V or something, damag...
H: Which wire gauge for a 250 ampere source? I have two 6V 220Ah DC golf cart batteries that I want to put in series to make a 12V 220Ah output that I will connect to a 3000W power inverter. My problem is finding the proper connecting wires for the series hookup between the batteries. This website says I would need ...
H: Are Peltier elements polarized? I'm looking to add a Peltier element to one of my projects. However, I want to sometimes heat and sometimes cool, depending on the ambient temperatures on both sides of the element. Image from Wikimedia commons. My first thought was to use a H-Bridge and then reverse the power for...
H: Upgrading a treadmill controller / console So I have an older model treadmill that I would like to upgrade if possible. The newer treadmills roll to a stop very elegantly, whereas this older model just switches off. Also the console is old, worn out etc. It's a very common brand, EKS Fitness. Under the hood, I see...
H: Eagle Freeware - definition of 'signal layers' According the the Cadsoft website, Eagle Freeware supports '2 signal layers'. Am I right that Cadsoft includes power and ground layers in their definition of 'signal layers'? In other words, am I right that Eagle Freeware doesn't support 2 signal layers, a ground laye...
H: Does a logic-level P-MOSFET need a gate resistor? I'm quintuple checking something I'm about to order from a PCB house, so bear with me. I'm using a P-channel MOSFET to power on/off a GPS chip. The chip's grounding is complicated, so I prefer to control it on the high side. Here's the circuit: With the wire going...
H: Aren't non-polarized plugs a little dangerous? Why still use them? Sorry if there is an answer for this kind of question somewhere. I can't find it anywhere. Take a look at obvious toaster example: If you live in Europe and have non-polarized plug and a toaster (a bad one without double-pole turn off) - you have a ...
H: Which software is used for producing those schematic sketch? It's a while that in the internet I'm finding schematics with hand-made pencil drawing style. I've tried to search a little bit for the software used to make them but I didn't find it. Any advice? Here some examples: AI: Those look like they were actually...
H: Problem in creating one-shot impulse circuit I am a student in university and I have a problem to be solved. I have to design a circuit that gives just one pulse (not periodic signal) when the 220V source is active. I will give 220V to the circuit and out will be one-second high. And I want to take feedback just on...
H: STM32F103 simple countdown timer (with no interrupts) I'm trying to create a simple countdown timer (without using interrupts) - to use to check for timeout while waiting for an external event to occur. Ideally, I'd like to preload a timer counter with a specific value and have it count down and stop once it gets t...
H: GPS Antenna Selector: How to electronically select one antenna from multiple available antennas? I want to connect multiple GPS antennas to a single GPS module and select one of them based on some logic. Basically, I want the module to receive signals from only the selected antenna. Is there an inexpensive/generic/...
H: Why doesn't my opamp relaxation oscillator oscillate? I have designed a relaxation oscillator with an opamp. It is supposed to oscillated at 50Hz, but it doesn't. I haven't built a physical circuit, I'm trying to simulate it in CircuitLab. I calculated the oscillation frequency with the circuit element values in th...
H: Measuring current around 20 amps I have an electrolyzer that works with car battery (12 volts DC) and draws current around 15 amps. I have a digital multimeter that can measure 10 amps at most. So how can I measure the current? Maybe I should use a resistance to measure its voltage but I can't think of a resistance...
H: Image sensor resolution I am not sure how to ask this question. Hopefully, I will edit it to make better sense as we go. I have an image with 10 μm wide black and white stripes and I project it onto the imager, with 1000 pixels, 10 μm square each. Do I have to do image magnification in order to achieve 10 μm resolu...
H: How to get 12V from 9.5-13.9V source I have couple of lead acid battery reserved power supplies with output voltage from 9.5 (battery discharge cutoff) up to 13.9 (while charging the battery), intended for use with CCTV cameras, but current cameras and DVR allow only 12V+-10% and can't tolerate 13.9V. What type of ...
H: Can a high voltage difference force a MOSFET open? I'm going to assume the obvious answer is no, but I figure I should check with the experts before I go off and waste a bunch of my time. Say you have several MOSFETS in a row controlling the flow through different components like solenoids. If they all share a grou...
H: MOSFET resistance I'm trying to understand how MOSFET resistances work, but I'm seeing a lot of things that don't always fit together (probably due to my lack of understanding). Specifically the amplifier configurations (CS, CG, CD). Is this correct: Looking into the gate, resistance is infinity. Looking into the ...
H: How create a low-voltage boost (~4v to 5v) I am looking for a circuit that will go from a Li battery that has a voltage between 3.6v and 4.3v up to 5v - and I have seen similar questions such as this and this, but those just recommend alternatives instead of providing a solution to what seems like a common problem....
H: Beating (possibly) caused by different sampling frequencies? So I plugged a signal generator at 0.06 V peak to peak and frequency 1 Hz into my apparatus. The signal is processed in two steps: 1) signal fed to a first computer, which outputs stuff at sampling freqency 10 Hz, 2) the output from the first computer is...
H: Why is the LED of my Illuminated rocker switch always on? I recently purchased a rocker power switch from RadioShack (103-R13-135B-02R-EV) and it works great. However, even when the switch is off, the small red LED stays on. Is this normal? Won't this unnecessarily drain my 9V battery? AI: I believe that this is...
H: Large Wires on a Perfboard I am working on a project on Perfboard which involves controlling a motor that draws about 10A, and I am using 18AWG stranded wire to connect the MOSFET on board to the battery and motor which are off board. The problem is that the wires are too large to fit in the holes, and if I cut so...
H: Simple circuit to fade in / fade out LEDs randomly I have a group of 8 blue LEDs (Vf 3.2V @ 20 mA) currently powered up in parallel by a resistors (one for LED) and a 4.5V power source (3xAA batteries). I've been playing with fade in/out effects and 555 circuits. What would be a simple circuit to randomly (or-pseud...
H: What effect does Gamma radiation sterilisation have on embedded electronics devices We just received back 3 pieces of equipment that may have been inadvertently put through a Gamma radiation sterilisation process. The equipment is a low-power embedded device consisting of a 16 bit microcontroller with peripheral FL...
H: current leakage in a laptop Current leakage is apparently an issue with some aluminum Macbooks and other laptops. https://superuser.com/questions/462244/electric-shock-mild-vibrating-sensation-on-macbook-pro-when-charging Some of the threads related to this topic advise definitely not ignoring what seems like a min...
H: Logic design to circuit -- how is it generally done? So I've designed this CPU with purely logical components (basic logic gates), now how would I go about converting it into a circuit? I know that logical gates can be implemented using transistors, but it seems pretty cumbersome to do the equivalent conversion for...
H: How do I active the relays on this relay bank? I purchased 2 "Mechanical Relay Board, 8 gang, 10A 220VAC, 24VAC 30ma coil" relay banks that I am trying to control from a raspberry Pi. To do this I've built out 2 595 shift registers and I'm using an external power source, not the power from the pi. Testing on LED's...
H: How to check that blast furnace is full? I'm working on blast furnace oven, I need to check if it's full with materials in levels one , two and three as shown :- The main problems: It's very hot as you see in the picture (200°C to 900°C), thus I need to protect my sensors from this heat and also I need them not to...
H: electrical fridge running on car battery I'll be out of grid for some days and I'm planning to have a small electrical fridge with me. It's a 12V 4A small fridge with a cigar lighter plug, but I won't have a car with me, so I think I could connect it to a 12V car battery? My questions are, does my plan make any sen...
H: Are SR latches suitable to be used as RAM? I've just recently started to become interested in electrical engineering after a couple years of programming and software development. I've built a 4 bit ALU using a logic gate simulator and now I want to store a previous answer from the ALU into some memory cells. I've ...
H: What does it mean for a transistor to be biased beyond cutoff? I understand what it means for the transistor to be biased for Class A, AB, and B with regards to the location of their DC operating points (\$I_{C_Q}\$ and \$V_{CE_Q}\$ are found by finding the point of intersection of the DC load line and the transist...
H: Russian variable resistor datasheet Can you please help me find datasheet for this 2.2 ohm variable resistor. I want to know if it can tolerate 20 amps. If you recognize the logo that would help a lot. AI: Here's the datasheet for the family. Here's how you read it: Variables resistors wire frameless trimmers (vers...
H: Powering Raspberry-pi using ESC Currently I am building a quadcopter with Raspberry Pi and I have four 20A Tunigy Electronic Speed Controller (ESC). I was wondering about could I use ESC's red wire to power my Raspberry-Pi? (tying 4 red wire out of ESC could fill the current requirement?). AI: It seems that you sho...
H: How does a decoupling capacitor handle a spike (increase) in the voltage from the power supply? From what I understand, when there is a drop in the voltage the current is drawn out of the capacitor and so the balance is maintained. But when there is an over voltage from the power supply or when the load draws more ...
H: How much power/intensity IR Diode should have to be seen from 30-50 meters How much power/intensity IR Diode should have to be seen from 30-50 meters by camera with IR pass filter? Must be a good point in a photo. Should be seen in a day light. Preferably with wide angle. About power supply: 2-4 AA accumulators, sh...