{%- macro render_content(content, is_system_content=false) %}
    {%- if content is string %}
        {{- content }}
    {%- elif content is iterable and content is not mapping %}
        {%- for item in content %}
            {%- if 'text' in item %}
                {{- item.text }}
            {%- else %}
                {{- raise_exception('Unexpected item type in content.') }}
            {%- endif %}
        {%- endfor %}
    {%- elif content is none or content is undefined %}
        {{- '' }}
    {%- else %}
        {{- raise_exception('Unexpected content type.') }}
    {%- endif %}
{%- endmacro %}
{%- if not messages %}
    {{- raise_exception('No messages provided.') }}
{%- endif %}
{%- if messages[0].role == 'system' %}
    {%- set system_content = render_content(messages[0].content, true)|trim %}
    {{- '<|im_start|>system
' + system_content + '<|im_end|>
' }}
{%- endif %}
{%- for message in messages %}
    {%- set content = render_content(message.content)|trim %}
    {%- if message.role == "system" %}
        {%- if not loop.first %}
            {{- raise_exception('System message must be at the beginning.') }}
        {%- endif %}
    {%- elif message.role == "user" or message.role == "assistant" %}
        {{- '<|im_start|>' + message.role + '
' + content + '<|im_end|>
' }}
    {%- else %}
        {{- raise_exception('Unexpected message role.') }}
    {%- endif %}
{%- endfor %}
{%- if add_generation_prompt %}
    {{- '<|im_start|>assistant
' }}
{%- endif %}