Chemistry Batch 12: Spectroscopy & Analysis

graph TD A1[Light Source] --> B1[UV-Vis Spectroscopy Method] C1[Sample Solution] --> D1[Wavelength Control] E1[Detector System] --> F1[Data Collection] B1 --> G1[Monochromator Setup] D1 --> H1[Wavelength Selection] F1 --> I1[Signal Processing] G1 --> J1[Light Dispersion] H1 --> K1[Wavelength Range] I1 --> L1[Absorbance Measurement] J1 --> M1[Light Transmission] K1 --> L1 L1 --> N1[Electronic Transitions] M1 --> O1[Sample Irradiation] N1 --> P1[Absorption Process] O1 --> Q1[Spectroscopic Analysis] P1 --> R1[Absorbance Spectrum] Q1 --> S1[Peak Analysis] R1 --> T1[Concentration Determination] S1 --> U1[Beer's Law Analysis] T1 --> V1[Concentration Calculation] U1 --> W1[Spectroscopic Efficiency] V1 --> X1[Sample Characterization] W1 --> Y1[Process Optimization] X1 --> Z1[Final Absorption Spectrum] Y1 --> Z1 style A1 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff style C1 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff style E1 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff style B1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style D1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style F1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style G1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style H1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style I1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style J1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style K1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style L1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style M1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style N1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style O1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style P1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style Q1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style R1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style S1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style T1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style U1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style V1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style W1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style X1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style Y1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style Z1 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff

Figure 1. UV-Vis spectroscopy process showing electronic transitions, absorbance measurement, and concentration determination.

graph TD A2[IR Radiation] --> B2[IR Spectroscopy Method] C2[Molecular Sample] --> D2[Wavelength Control] E2[Detector System] --> F2[Data Collection] B2 --> G2[IR Source Setup] D2 --> H2[Wavelength Selection] F2 --> I2[Signal Processing] G2 --> J2[Radiation Generation] H2 --> K2[Frequency Range] I2 --> L2[Transmittance Measurement] J2 --> M2[Radiation Transmission] K2 --> L2 L2 --> N2[Molecular Vibrations] M2 --> O2[Sample Irradiation] N2 --> P2[Vibrational Absorption] O2 --> Q2[Spectroscopic Analysis] P2 --> R2[IR Spectrum] Q2 --> S2[Peak Assignment] R2 --> T2[Functional Group Analysis] S2 --> U2[Vibrational Analysis] T2 --> V2[Group Identification] U2 --> W2[Spectroscopic Efficiency] V2 --> X2[Molecular Characterization] W2 --> Y2[Process Optimization] X2 --> Z2[Final IR Spectrum] Y2 --> Z2 style A2 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff style C2 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff style E2 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff style B2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style D2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style F2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style G2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style H2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style I2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style J2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style K2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style L2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style M2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style N2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style O2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style P2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style Q2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style R2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style S2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style T2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style U2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style V2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style W2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style X2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style Y2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style Z2 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff

Figure 2. IR spectroscopy process illustrating molecular vibrations, functional group analysis, and molecular characterization.

graph TD A3[Magnetic Field] --> B3[NMR Spectroscopy Method] C3[Nuclear Sample] --> D3[Radiofrequency Control] E3[Detector System] --> F3[Data Collection] B3 --> G3[Magnet Setup] D3 --> H3[RF Pulse Control] F3 --> I3[Signal Processing] G3 --> J3[Field Alignment] H3 --> K3[Pulse Sequence] I3 --> L3[Free Induction Decay] J3 --> M3[Nuclear Alignment] K3 --> L3 L3 --> N3[Nuclear Spin Transitions] M3 --> O3[Sample Irradiation] N3 --> P3[Spin Relaxation] O3 --> Q3[Spectroscopic Analysis] P3 --> R3[NMR Spectrum] Q3 --> S3[Chemical Shift Analysis] R3 --> T3[Molecular Structure] S3 --> U3[Spin Analysis] T3 --> V3[Structure Determination] U3 --> W3[Spectroscopic Efficiency] V3 --> X3[Molecular Characterization] W3 --> Y3[Process Optimization] X3 --> Z3[Final NMR Spectrum] Y3 --> Z3 style A3 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff style C3 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff style E3 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff style B3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style D3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style F3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style G3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style H3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style I3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style J3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style K3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style L3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style M3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style N3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style O3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style P3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style Q3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style R3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style S3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style T3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style U3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style V3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style W3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style X3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style Y3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style Z3 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff

Figure 3. NMR spectroscopy process showing nuclear spin transitions, chemical shift analysis, and molecular structure determination.

graph TD A4[Sample Molecules] --> B4[Mass Spectrometry Method] C4[Ionization Source] --> D4[Mass Analyzer] E4[Detector System] --> F4[Data Collection] B4 --> G4[Sample Introduction] D4 --> H4[Mass Separation] F4 --> I4[Signal Processing] G4 --> J4[Sample Vaporization] H4 --> K4[Mass-to-Charge Ratio] I4 --> L4[Ion Detection] J4 --> M4[Molecular Ionization] K4 --> L4 L4 --> N4[Ion Separation] M4 --> O4[Ion Formation] N4 --> P4[Mass Analysis] O4 --> Q4[Spectroscopic Analysis] P4 --> R4[Mass Spectrum] Q4 --> S4[Fragmentation Analysis] R4 --> T4[Molecular Weight] S4 --> U4[Fragmentation Pattern] T4 --> V4[Molecular Identification] U4 --> W4[Spectroscopic Efficiency] V4 --> X4[Molecular Characterization] W4 --> Y4[Process Optimization] X4 --> Z4[Final Mass Spectrum] Y4 --> Z4 style A4 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff style C4 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff style E4 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff style B4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style D4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style F4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style G4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style H4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style I4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style J4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style K4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style L4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style M4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style N4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style O4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style P4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style Q4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style R4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style S4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style T4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style U4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style V4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style W4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style X4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style Y4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style Z4 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff

Figure 4. Mass spectrometry process showing ionization, fragmentation, and molecular weight determination.

graph TD A5[Sample Mixture] --> B5[Chromatography Method] C5[Stationary Phase] --> D5[Mobile Phase] E5[Detector System] --> F5[Data Collection] B5 --> G5[Column Preparation] D5 --> H5[Flow Control] F5 --> I5[Signal Processing] G5 --> J5[Column Packing] H5 --> K5[Flow Rate] I5 --> L5[Retention Time] J5 --> M5[Sample Injection] K5 --> L5 L5 --> N5[Separation Process] M5 --> O5[Sample Loading] N5 --> P5[Chromatographic Separation] O5 --> Q5[Analytical Process] P5 --> R5[Chromatogram] Q5 --> S5[Peak Analysis] R5 --> T5[Component Separation] S5 --> U5[Retention Analysis] T5 --> V5[Component Identification] U5 --> W5[Chromatographic Efficiency] V5 --> X5[Sample Characterization] W5 --> Y5[Process Optimization] X5 --> Z5[Final Chromatogram] Y5 --> Z5 style A5 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff style C5 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff style E5 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff style B5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style D5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style F5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style G5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style H5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style I5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style J5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style K5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style L5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style M5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style N5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style O5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style P5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style Q5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style R5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style S5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style T5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style U5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style V5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style W5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style X5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style Y5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style Z5 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff

Figure 5. Chromatography process showing separation, retention analysis, and component identification.