Chemistry Batch 09: Surface Chemistry & Catalysis

graph TD A1[Reactant Molecules] --> B1[Catalyst Surface Method] C1[Catalyst Material] --> D1[Surface Characterization] E1[Reaction Conditions] --> F1[Temperature Control] B1 --> G1[Surface Preparation] D1 --> H1[Active Site Analysis] F1 --> I1[Pressure Regulation] G1 --> J1[Surface Cleaning] H1 --> K1[Site Density] I1 --> L1[Reaction Pressure] J1 --> M1[Surface Activation] K1 --> L1 L1 --> N1[Adsorption Process] M1 --> O1[Reactant Adsorption] N1 --> P1[Surface Reaction] O1 --> Q1[Catalytic Activity] P1 --> R1[Product Formation] Q1 --> S1[Reaction Rate] R1 --> T1[Desorption Process] S1 --> U1[Turnover Frequency] T1 --> V1[Product Collection] U1 --> W1[Catalyst Performance] V1 --> X1[Yield Analysis] W1 --> Y1[Optimization Process] X1 --> Z1[Catalytic Efficiency] Y1 --> Z1 style A1 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff style C1 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff style E1 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff style B1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style D1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style F1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style G1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style H1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style I1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style J1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style K1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style L1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style M1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style N1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style O1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style P1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style Q1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style R1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style S1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style T1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style U1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style V1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style W1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style X1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style Y1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style Z1 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff

Figure 1. Heterogeneous catalysis process showing surface adsorption, reaction mechanism, and catalytic efficiency optimization.

graph TD A2[Light Energy] --> B2[Photocatalyst Method] C2[Semiconductor Material] --> D2[Band Gap Analysis] E2[Reactant Solution] --> F2[Irradiation Setup] B2 --> G2[Catalyst Synthesis] D2 --> H2[Electronic Structure] F2 --> I2[Light Source] G2 --> J2[Surface Modification] H2 --> K2[Valence Band] I2 --> L2[Wavelength Control] J2 --> M2[Active Site Creation] K2 --> L2 L2 --> N2[Photon Absorption] M2 --> O2[Electron Excitation] N2 --> P2[Charge Separation] O2 --> Q2[Photocatalytic Activity] P2 --> R2[Redox Reactions] Q2 --> S2[Reaction Kinetics] R2 --> T2[Product Formation] S2 --> U2[Quantum Efficiency] T2 --> V2[Product Analysis] U2 --> W2[Performance Evaluation] V2 --> X2[Conversion Yield] W2 --> Y2[Process Optimization] X2 --> Z2[Photocatalytic Efficiency] Y2 --> Z2 style A2 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff style C2 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff style E2 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff style B2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style D2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style F2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style G2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style H2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style I2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style J2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style K2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style L2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style M2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style N2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style O2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style P2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style Q2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style R2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style S2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style T2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style U2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style V2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style W2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style X2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style Y2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style Z2 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff

Figure 2. Photocatalysis process illustrating light-driven reactions, charge separation, and photocatalytic efficiency.

graph TD A3[Substrate Molecules] --> B3[Enzyme Catalysis Method] C3[Enzyme Protein] --> D3[Active Site Analysis] E3[Reaction Buffer] --> F3[Temperature Control] B3 --> G3[Enzyme Purification] D3 --> H3[Site Characterization] F3 --> I3[pH Regulation] G3 --> J3[Conformation Analysis] H3 --> K3[Binding Affinity] I3 --> L3[Optimal Conditions] J3 --> M3[Substrate Binding] K3 --> L3 L3 --> N3[Enzyme-Substrate Complex] M3 --> O3[Conformational Change] N3 --> P3[Catalytic Reaction] O3 --> Q3[Enzymatic Activity] P3 --> R3[Product Formation] Q3 --> S3[Reaction Rate] R3 --> T3[Product Release] S3 --> U3[Turnover Number] T3 --> V3[Product Analysis] U3 --> W3[Enzyme Performance] V3 --> X3[Conversion Efficiency] W3 --> Y3[Optimization Process] X3 --> Z3[Enzymatic Efficiency] Y3 --> Z3 style A3 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff style C3 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff style E3 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff style B3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style D3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style F3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style G3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style H3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style I3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style J3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style K3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style L3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style M3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style N3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style O3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style P3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style Q3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style R3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style S3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style T3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style U3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style V3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style W3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style X3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style Y3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style Z3 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff

Figure 3. Enzyme catalysis process showing substrate binding, catalytic reaction, and enzymatic efficiency optimization.

graph TD A4[Reactant Molecules] --> B4[Zeolite Catalysis Method] C4[Zeolite Framework] --> D4[Pore Structure Analysis] E4[Reaction Conditions] --> F4[Temperature Control] B4 --> G4[Zeolite Synthesis] D4 --> H4[Pore Size Distribution] F4 --> I4[Pressure Regulation] G4 --> J4[Framework Assembly] H4 --> K4[Channel Geometry] I4 --> L4[Reaction Pressure] J4 --> M4[Active Site Creation] K4 --> L4 L4 --> N4[Molecular Sieving] M4 --> O4[Reactant Diffusion] N4 --> P4[Shape-Selective Reaction] O4 --> Q4[Catalytic Activity] P4 --> R4[Product Formation] Q4 --> S4[Reaction Selectivity] R4 --> T4[Product Diffusion] S4 --> U4[Selectivity Analysis] T4 --> V4[Product Collection] U4 --> W4[Catalyst Performance] V4 --> X4[Conversion Yield] W4 --> Y4[Process Optimization] X4 --> Z4[Shape-Selective Efficiency] Y4 --> Z4 style A4 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff style C4 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff style E4 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff style B4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style D4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style F4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style G4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style H4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style I4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style J4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style K4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style L4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style M4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style N4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style O4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style P4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style Q4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style R4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style S4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style T4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style U4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style V4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style W4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style X4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style Y4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style Z4 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff

Figure 4. Zeolite catalysis process showing molecular sieving, shape-selective reactions, and catalytic efficiency.

graph TD A5[Metal Precursors] --> B5[Supported Catalyst Method] C5[Support Material] --> D5[Surface Area Analysis] E5[Reaction Conditions] --> F5[Temperature Control] B5 --> G5[Support Preparation] D5 --> H5[Pore Volume] F5 --> I5[Pressure Regulation] G5 --> J5[Surface Modification] H5 --> K5[Active Site Density] I5 --> L5[Reaction Pressure] J5 --> M5[Metal Deposition] K5 --> L5 L5 --> N5[Catalyst Activation] M5 --> O5[Particle Formation] N5 --> P5[Surface Reaction] O5 --> Q5[Catalytic Activity] P5 --> R5[Product Formation] Q5 --> S5[Reaction Rate] R5 --> T5[Product Desorption] S5 --> U5[Turnover Frequency] T5 --> V5[Product Analysis] U5 --> W5[Catalyst Performance] V5 --> X5[Conversion Yield] W5 --> Y5[Stability Testing] X5 --> Z5[Supported Catalyst Efficiency] Y5 --> Z5 style A5 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff style C5 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff style E5 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff style B5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style D5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style F5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style G5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style H5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style I5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style J5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style K5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style L5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000 style M5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style N5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style O5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style P5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style Q5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style R5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style S5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style T5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style U5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style V5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style W5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style X5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style Y5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff style Z5 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff

Figure 5. Supported catalyst process showing metal deposition, surface reactions, and catalytic performance optimization.