Create app.py

app.py

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+import streamlit as st
+import os
+import google.generativeai as genai
+from dotenv import load_dotenv
+import time
+from typing import Any, List, Optional
+import numpy as np
+from sklearn.metrics.pairwise import cosine_similarity
+import tensorflow as tf
+from tensorflow.keras.models import Sequential
+from tensorflow.keras.layers import Dense, Input
+from tensorflow.keras.utils import to_categorical
+from tensorflow.keras.optimizers import Adam
+
+# Load environment variables
+load_dotenv()
+GOOGLE_API_KEY = os.getenv("GOOGLE_API_KEY")
+
+# Configure Generative AI model
+if GOOGLE_API_KEY:
+    genai.configure(api_key=GOOGLE_API_KEY)
+else:
+    st.error(
+        "Google AI Studio API key not found. Please add it to your .env file.  "
+        "You can obtain an API key from https://makersuite.google.com/."
+    )
+    st.stop()
+
+st.title("Embeddings and Vector Search Demo")
+st.subheader("Explore Embeddings and Vector Databases")
+
+# Sidebar for explanations
+with st.sidebar:
+    st.header("Embeddings and Vector Search")
+    st.markdown(
+        """
+        This app demonstrates how embeddings and vector databases can be used for various tasks.
+        """
+    )
+    st.subheader("Key Concepts:")
+    st.markdown(
+        """
+        -   **Embeddings**: Numerical representations of text, capturing semantic meaning.
+        -   **Vector Databases**:  Databases optimized for storing and querying vectors (simulated here).
+        -   **Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG)**:  Combining retrieval with LLM generation.
+        -   **Cosine Similarity**:  A measure of similarity between two vectors.
+        -   **Neural Networks**: Using embeddings as input for classification.
+        """
+    )
+    st.subheader("Whitepaper Insights")
+    st.markdown(
+        """
+        -   Efficient similarity search using vector indexes (e.g., ANN).
+        -   Handling large datasets and scalability considerations.
+        -   Applications of embeddings: search, recommendation, classification, etc.
+        """
+    )
+
+# --- Helper Functions ---
+def code_block(text: str, language: str = "text") -> None:
+    """Displays text as a formatted code block in Streamlit."""
+    st.markdown(f"```{language}\n{text}\n```", unsafe_allow_html=True)
+
+def display_response(response: Any) -> None:
+    """Displays the model's response."""
+    if response and hasattr(response, "text"):
+        st.subheader("Generated Response:")
+        st.markdown(response.text)
+    else:
+        st.error("Failed to generate a response.")
+
+def generate_embeddings(texts: List[str], model_name: str = "models/embedding-001") -> Optional[List[List[float]]]:
+    """Generates embeddings for a list of texts using a specified model.
+    Args:
+        texts: List of text strings.
+        model_name: Name of the embedding model.
+    Returns:
+        List of embeddings (list of floats) or None on error.
+    """
+    try:
+        # Use the embedding model directly
+        embeddings = []
+        for text in texts:
+            result = genai.embed_content(
+                model=model_name,
+                content=text,
+                task_type="retrieval_document"  # or "retrieval_query" for queries
+            )
+            embeddings.append(result['embedding'])
+        return embeddings
+    except Exception as e:
+        st.error(f"Error generating embeddings with model '{model_name}': {e}")
+        return None
+
+def generate_with_retry(prompt: str, model_name: str, generation_config: genai.types.GenerationConfig, max_retries: int = 3, delay: int = 5) -> Any:
+    """Generates content with retry logic and error handling."""
+    for i in range(max_retries):
+        try:
+            model = genai.GenerativeModel(model_name)
+            response = model.generate_content(prompt, generation_config=generation_config)
+            return response
+        except Exception as e:
+            error_message = str(e)
+            st.warning(f"Error during generation (attempt {i + 1}/{max_retries}): {error_message}")
+            if "404" in error_message and "not found" in error_message:
+                st.error(
+                    f"Model '{model_name}' is not available or not supported.  Please select a different model."
+                )
+                return None
+            elif i < max_retries - 1:
+                st.info(f"Retrying in {delay} seconds...")
+                time.sleep(delay)
+            else:
+                st.error(f"Failed to generate content after {max_retries} attempts.  Please check your prompt and model.")
+                return None
+    return None
+
+def calculate_similarity(embedding1: List[float], embedding2: List[float]) -> float:
+    """Calculates the cosine similarity between two embeddings."""
+    return cosine_similarity(np.array(embedding1).reshape(1, -1), np.array(embedding2).reshape(1, -1))[0][0]
+
+def create_and_train_model(
+    embeddings: List[List[float]],
+    labels: List[int],
+    num_classes: int,
+    epochs: int,
+    batch_size: int,
+    learning_rate: float,
+    optimizer_str: str
+) -> tf.keras.Model:
+    """Creates and trains a neural network for classification."""
+    model = Sequential([
+        Input(shape=(len(embeddings[0]),),  # Fixed the double comma here
+        Dense(64, activation='relu'),
+        Dense(32, activation='relu'),
+        Dense(num_classes, activation='softmax')
+    ])
+
+    if optimizer_str.lower() == 'adam':
+        optimizer = Adam(learning_rate=learning_rate)
+    elif optimizer_str.lower() == 'sgd':
+        optimizer = tf.keras.optimizers.SGD(learning_rate=learning_rate)
+    elif optimizer_str.lower() == 'rmsprop':
+        optimizer = tf.keras.optimizers.RMSprop(learning_rate=learning_rate)
+    else:
+        optimizer = Adam(learning_rate=learning_rate)
+
+    model.compile(optimizer=optimizer, loss='categorical_crossentropy', metrics=['accuracy'])
+    encoded_labels = to_categorical(labels, num_classes=num_classes)
+    model.fit(np.array(embeddings), encoded_labels, epochs=epochs, batch_size=batch_size, verbose=0)
+    return model
+# --- RAG Question Answering ---
+st.header("RAG Question Answering")
+rag_model_name = st.selectbox("Select model for RAG:", ["gemini-pro"], index=0)
+rag_embedding_model = st.selectbox("Select embedding model for RAG:", ["models/embedding-001"], index=0)
+rag_context = st.text_area(
+    "Enter your context documents:",
+    "Relevant information to answer the question.  Separate documents with newlines.",
+    height=150,
+)
+rag_question = st.text_area("Ask a question about the context:", "What is the main topic?", height=70)
+rag_max_context_length = st.number_input("Maximum Context Length", min_value=100, max_value=2000, value=500, step=100)
+
+if st.button("Answer with RAG"):
+    if not rag_context or not rag_question:
+        st.warning("Please provide both context and a question.")
+    else:
+        with st.spinner("Generating answer..."):
+            try:
+                # 1. Generate embeddings for the context
+                context_embeddings = generate_embeddings(rag_context.split('\n'), rag_embedding_model)
+                if not context_embeddings:
+                    st.stop()
+
+                # 2. Generate embedding for the question
+                question_embedding = generate_embeddings([rag_question], rag_embedding_model)
+                if not question_embedding:
+                    st.stop()
+
+                # 3. Calculate similarity scores
+                similarities = cosine_similarity(np.array(question_embedding).reshape(1, -1), np.array(context_embeddings))[0]
+
+                # 4. Find the most relevant document(s)
+                most_relevant_index = np.argmax(similarities)
+                relevant_context = rag_context.split('\n')[most_relevant_index]
+                if len(relevant_context) > rag_max_context_length:
+                    relevant_context = relevant_context[:rag_max_context_length]
+
+                # 5. Construct the prompt
+                rag_prompt = f"Use the following context to answer the question: '{rag_question}'.\nContext: {relevant_context}"
+
+                # 6. Generate the answer
+                response = generate_with_retry(rag_prompt, rag_model_name, generation_config=genai.types.GenerationConfig())
+                if response:
+                    display_response(response)
+            except Exception as e:
+                st.error(f"An error occurred: {e}")
+
+# --- Text Similarity ---
+st.header("Text Similarity")
+similarity_embedding_model = st.selectbox("Select embedding model for similarity:", ["models/embedding-001"], index=0)
+text1 = st.text_area("Enter text 1:", "This is the first sentence.", height=70)
+text2 = st.text_area("Enter text 2:", "This is a similar sentence.", height=70)
+
+if st.button("Calculate Similarity"):
+    if not text1 or not text2:
+        st.warning("Please provide both texts.")
+    else:
+        with st.spinner("Calculating similarity..."):
+            try:
+                embeddings = generate_embeddings([text1, text2], similarity_embedding_model)
+                if not embeddings:
+                    st.stop()
+                similarity = calculate_similarity(embeddings[0], embeddings[1])
+                st.subheader("Cosine Similarity:")
+                st.write(similarity)
+            except Exception as e:
+                st.error(f"An error occurred: {e}")
+
+# --- Neural Classification ---
+st.header("Neural Classification with Embeddings")
+classification_embedding_model = st.selectbox("Select embedding model for classification:", ["models/embedding-001"], index=0)
+classification_data = st.text_area(
+    "Enter your training data (text, label pairs), separated by newlines.  Example: text1,0\\ntext2,1",
+    "text1,0\ntext2,1\ntext3,0\ntext4,1",
+    height=150,
+)
+classification_prompt = st.text_area("Enter text to classify:", "This is a test text.", height=70)
+num_epochs = st.number_input("Number of Epochs", min_value=1, max_value=200, value=10, step=1)
+batch_size = st.number_input("Batch Size", min_value=1, max_value=128, value=32, step=1)
+learning_rate = st.number_input("Learning Rate", min_value=0.0001, max_value=0.1, value=0.0001, step=0.0001, format="%.4f")
+optimizer_str = st.selectbox("Optimizer", ['adam', 'sgd', 'rmsprop'], index=0)
+
+def process_classification_data(data: str) -> Optional[tuple[List[str], List[int]]]:
+    """Processes the classification data string into lists of texts and labels."""
+    data_pairs = [line.split(',') for line in data.split('\n') if ',' in line]
+    if not data_pairs:
+        st.error("No valid data pairs found.  Please ensure each line contains 'text,label'.")
+        return None
+    texts = []
+    labels = []
+    for i, pair in enumerate(data_pairs):
+        if len(pair) != 2:
+            st.error(f"Invalid data format in line {i + 1}: '{','.join(pair)}'.  Expected 'text,label'.")
+            return None
+        text = pair[0].strip()
+        label_str = pair[1].strip()
+        try:
+            label = int(label_str)
+            texts.append(text)
+            labels.append(label)
+        except ValueError:
+            st.error(f"Invalid label value in line {i + 1}: '{label_str}'.  Label must be an integer.")
+            return None
+    return texts, labels
+
+if st.button("Classify"):
+    if not classification_data or not classification_prompt:
+        st.warning("Please provide training data and text to classify.")
+    else:
+        with st.spinner("Classifying..."):
+            try:
+                processed_data = process_classification_data(classification_data)
+                if not processed_data:
+                    st.stop()
+                train_texts, train_labels = processed_data
+                num_classes = len(set(train_labels))
+
+                train_embeddings = generate_embeddings(train_texts, classification_embedding_model)
+                if not train_embeddings:
+                    st.stop()
+
+                model = create_and_train_model(
+                    train_embeddings, train_labels, num_classes, num_epochs, batch_size, learning_rate, optimizer_str
+                )
+
+                predict_embedding = generate_embeddings([classification_prompt], classification_embedding_model)
+                if not predict_embedding:
+                    st.stop()
+
+                prediction = model.predict(np.array([predict_embedding]), verbose=0)
+                predicted_class = np.argmax(prediction[0])
+                st.subheader("Predicted Class:")
+                st.write(predicted_class)
+                st.subheader("Prediction Probabilities:")
+                st.write(prediction)
+
+            except Exception as e:
+                st.error(f"An error occurred: {e}")