release: Nursing Knowledge Base v1.0 — LM wiki for nursing education

Adapts Karpathy's LLM wiki pattern for the Nursing Citizen Development Organisation.
Students and educators add raw sources; Claude builds and maintains a structured wiki.

- 14 pre-seeded articles: NMC Code, Proficiency Standards, ABCDE, NEWS2, ADPIE,
Nine Rights, Drug Calculations, PICO, EBP, Person-Centred Care, MCA 2005,
Safeguarding, IPC, Duty of Candour
- Browse/search wiki by category and keyword
- Add Sources tab for pasting NICE guidelines, NMC docs, research papers
- Compile tab: Claude integrates sources into wiki (update + create articles)
- Ask tab: natural language Q&A answered from wiki with citations
- Health Check tab: Claude audits for contradictions, gaps, suggests new articles
- Import/Export: JSON backup + ZIP export (Obsidian-compatible markdown)
- BYOK Anthropic API key (session only, never stored)
- Clinical disclaimer throughout (NMC/NICE/local policy)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+.env
+*.pyc
+__pycache__/
+.DS_Store
+._*
+*.zip
+*.json
+!requirements.txt
+.streamlit/secrets.toml
+.venv/

Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+FROM python:3.11-slim
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+COPY requirements.txt .
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
+
+COPY . .
+
+EXPOSE 7860
+
+CMD ["streamlit", "run", "streamlit_app.py", \
+     "--server.port=7860", \
+     "--server.address=0.0.0.0", \
+     "--server.headless=true", \
+     "--browser.gatherUsageStats=false"]

README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+---
+title: Nursing Knowledge Base
+emoji: 📖
+colorFrom: blue
+colorTo: green
+sdk: docker
+app_file: streamlit_app.py
+pinned: false
+license: mit
+---
+
+# Nursing Knowledge Base
+
+A living, LLM-maintained knowledge wiki for nursing education — built for the **Nursing Citizen Development Organisation**.
+
+Inspired by [Karpathy's LLM Wiki pattern](https://gist.github.com/karpathy/442a6bf555914893e9891c11519de94f): you add raw sources, Claude builds and maintains the structured knowledge base.
+
+## Features
+
+| Tab | What it does |
+|-----|-------------|
+| 📚 **Browse Wiki** | Read 14+ pre-loaded nursing articles across 6 categories |
+| ➕ **Add Sources** | Paste NICE guidelines, NMC documents, research papers |
+| 🔨 **Compile** | Claude integrates sources into the wiki — updating, cross-referencing, and creating articles |
+| 💬 **Ask** | Natural language Q&A answered from the wiki with citations |
+| 🔍 **Health Check** | Claude audits the wiki for contradictions, gaps, and suggests new articles |
+| 📋 **Log** | Append-only record of every operation |
+
+## Pre-loaded Wiki Content
+
+- **Standards**: NMC Code (2018), NMC Standards of Proficiency (2018)
+- **Clinical**: ABCDE Assessment, NEWS2, ADPIE Nursing Process
+- **Pharmacology**: Nine Rights of Medication Administration, Drug Calculations
+- **Evidence**: PICO Framework, Evidence-Based Practice (5 Steps)
+- **Frameworks**: Person-Centred Care, McCormack & McCance
+- **Safety**: Infection Prevention & Control, Duty of Candour
+- **Law**: Mental Capacity Act 2005, Safeguarding Adults & Children
+
+## How to Use
+
+1. Browse the starter wiki — no API key required
+2. Enter your [Anthropic API key](https://console.anthropic.com) in the sidebar (BYOK — never stored)
+3. Add sources (NICE guidelines, NMC docs, research papers)
+4. Click **Compile** — Claude integrates them into the wiki
+5. Use **Ask** to query the wiki in natural language
+6. **Export** your wiki as a ZIP or JSON to save progress between sessions
+
+## The LLM Wiki Pattern
+
+> "Raw data from a given number of sources is collected, then compiled by an LLM into a .md wiki, then operated on by various CLIs by the LLM to do Q&A and to incrementally enhance the wiki."
+> — Andrej Karpathy
+
+This tool adapts that pattern specifically for nursing education:
+- Sources are clinical guidelines, NMC standards, and research papers
+- The wiki is structured around NMC Proficiency platforms
+- Q&A is grounded in UK nursing frameworks (NICE, NMC, NHS, BNF)
+- Health checks flag clinical safety gaps and outdated content
+
+## Clinical Disclaimer
+
+> This tool supports but does not replace clinical judgment. Always verify with authoritative sources (BNF, NICE, local trust guidelines, NMC). This wiki is for educational purposes only.
+
+## Stack
+
+- [Streamlit](https://streamlit.io) — UI
+- [Anthropic Claude](https://anthropic.com) — Wiki compilation, Q&A, health checks (BYOK)
+- No external data APIs — all AI features use your own Anthropic key
+- Export wiki as ZIP (Obsidian-compatible markdown) or JSON
+
+## Part of CQAI
+
+Built by [Clinical Quality Artificial Intelligence](https://github.com/Clinical-Quality-Artifical-Intelligence) — open-source nursing education tools aligned with NMC Standards.
+
+Other tools in the suite:
+- [EBP Research Tool](https://huggingface.co/spaces/NurseCitizenDeveloper/nursing-ebp-tool)
+- [Drug Card Generator](https://huggingface.co/spaces/NurseCitizenDeveloper/nursing-drug-cards)
+- [NCLEX Prep](https://huggingface.co/spaces/NurseCitizenDeveloper/nclex-prep)
+- [Medication Safety Checker](https://huggingface.co/spaces/NurseCitizenDeveloper/medication-safety)
+- [Wound Assessment Tool](https://huggingface.co/spaces/NurseCitizenDeveloper/nursing-wound-assessment)

core/compiler.py

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+"""Wiki compiler — uses Claude to integrate raw sources into structured wiki articles."""
+
+import json
+import datetime
+import anthropic
+
+COMPILE_SYSTEM_PROMPT = """You are a clinical knowledge wiki curator for the Nursing Citizen Development Organisation.
+Your job is to integrate new source material into an existing nursing knowledge base (wiki).
+
+The wiki is a collection of markdown articles organised by category. Each article has:
+- A title, category, tags, and backlinks to other articles
+- Substantive clinical content aligned with NMC Standards of Proficiency (2018), UK law, and NHS frameworks
+
+When given new source material, you must:
+1. Identify key nursing concepts, frameworks, guidelines, or clinical information in the source
+2. Decide which existing articles should be UPDATED with new information
+3. Identify any new articles that should be CREATED for concepts not yet covered
+4. Integrate the information accurately and clinically appropriately
+5. Add/update backlinks between related articles
+6. Always cite the source in any updated/created articles
+
+Return a JSON object with this structure:
+{
+  "summary": "Brief summary of what was integrated and why",
+  "articles_updated": [
+    {
+      "slug": "article_slug",
+      "title": "Article Title",
+      "category": "category_name",
+      "tags": ["tag1", "tag2"],
+      "content": "Full markdown content of the updated article"
+    }
+  ],
+  "articles_created": [
+    {
+      "slug": "new_slug",
+      "title": "New Article Title",
+      "category": "category_name",
+      "tags": ["tag1", "tag2"],
+      "content": "Full markdown content of the new article"
+    }
+  ],
+  "index_updates": "Updated one-line entries for the index (markdown format)",
+  "log_entry": "Log entry text for this compilation"
+}
+
+Categories to use: standards, clinical, pharmacology, evidence, frameworks, safety, law, mental_health, research, ethics
+
+Clinical content must:
+- Be accurate and evidence-based
+- Include NMC proficiency mappings where relevant
+- Include UK-specific references (NICE, NMC, NHS, BNF)
+- Include the disclaimer: "This tool supports but does not replace clinical judgment."
+- Use UK spellings (organisation, anaesthesia, etc.)
+"""
+
+
+def compile_source(client: anthropic.Anthropic, source_title: str, source_content: str,
+                   existing_index: str, existing_articles: dict, model: str = "claude-sonnet-4-6") -> dict:
+    """
+    Integrate a new source into the wiki.
+
+    Returns a dict with updated/created articles and metadata.
+    """
+    # Build context: index + up to 5 most relevant article summaries
+    articles_context = ""
+    if existing_articles:
+        # Include first 500 chars of each article as context
+        for slug, art in list(existing_articles.items())[:8]:
+            preview = art["content"][:400].replace("\n", " ")
+            articles_context += f"\n- **{art['title']}** ({art['category']}): {preview}...\n"
+
+    user_prompt = f"""## Existing Wiki Index
+{existing_index}
+
+## Sample of Existing Articles (previews)
+{articles_context}
+
+## New Source to Integrate
+**Title**: {source_title}
+
+**Content**:
+{source_content[:8000]}
+
+Please integrate this source into the wiki. Return valid JSON only, no markdown code fences."""
+
+    response = client.messages.create(
+        model=model,
+        max_tokens=4096,
+        system=COMPILE_SYSTEM_PROMPT,
+        messages=[{"role": "user", "content": user_prompt}],
+    )
+
+    raw = response.content[0].text.strip()
+    # Strip markdown fences if present
+    if raw.startswith("```"):
+        raw = raw.split("\n", 1)[1]
+        if raw.endswith("```"):
+            raw = raw.rsplit("```", 1)[0]
+
+    result = json.loads(raw)
+
+    # Add metadata
+    today = datetime.date.today().isoformat()
+    for art in result.get("articles_updated", []) + result.get("articles_created", []):
+        art["last_updated"] = today
+        art["sources"] = art.get("sources", []) + [source_title]
+
+    return result
+
+
+def rebuild_index(client: anthropic.Anthropic, articles: dict, model: str = "claude-sonnet-4-6") -> str:
+    """Regenerate the wiki index from all articles."""
+    article_list = []
+    for slug, art in articles.items():
+        article_list.append(f"- **{art['title']}** ({art['category']}): {', '.join(art.get('tags', []))}")
+
+    prompt = f"""Regenerate a well-organised wiki index for these nursing knowledge articles.
+Group them by category. Each entry should be a one-line summary.
+Format as markdown with category headers (##).
+
+Articles:
+{chr(10).join(article_list)}
+
+Return only the markdown index content."""
+
+    response = client.messages.create(
+        model=model,
+        max_tokens=2048,
+        messages=[{"role": "user", "content": prompt}],
+    )
+    return response.content[0].text.strip()

core/linter.py

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+"""Wiki linter — health-checks the knowledge base for issues."""
+
+import anthropic
+import json
+
+LINT_SYSTEM_PROMPT = """You are auditing a nursing knowledge wiki for the Nursing Citizen Development Organisation.
+Perform a thorough health check and identify:
+
+1. **Contradictions**: Where articles disagree with each other or with current evidence
+2. **Stale content**: Claims that may be outdated (check against NMC 2018, NICE, NHS guidelines)
+3. **Orphan articles**: Articles with few or no backlinks (disconnected from the rest of the wiki)
+4. **Missing cross-references**: Where articles should link to each other but don't
+5. **Clinical safety gaps**: Important safety information that is absent or incomplete
+6. **Missing articles**: Important nursing topics not yet covered (suggest 3-5 new articles)
+7. **Evidence gaps**: Claims without adequate citation
+
+Return a structured JSON report:
+{
+  "overall_health": "Good/Fair/Needs attention",
+  "total_issues": number,
+  "issues": [
+    {
+      "type": "contradiction|stale|orphan|missing_link|safety_gap|evidence_gap",
+      "severity": "high|medium|low",
+      "article": "article_slug or 'wiki-wide'",
+      "description": "Clear description of the issue",
+      "recommendation": "Specific action to fix it"
+    }
+  ],
+  "suggested_new_articles": [
+    {
+      "title": "Suggested Article Title",
+      "category": "category",
+      "rationale": "Why this article is needed",
+      "key_topics": ["topic1", "topic2"]
+    }
+  ],
+  "strengths": ["What the wiki does well"],
+  "summary": "Brief overall assessment"
+}
+"""
+
+
+def lint_wiki(client: anthropic.Anthropic, articles: dict, index_summary: str,
+              model: str = "claude-sonnet-4-6") -> dict:
+    """
+    Run a health check on the wiki.
+
+    Returns a structured report with issues and recommendations.
+    """
+    # Build article summaries for the linter
+    article_summaries = []
+    for slug, art in articles.items():
+        # Extract backlinks from content
+        import re
+        backlinks = re.findall(r'\[\[([^\]]+)\]\]', art["content"])
+        article_summaries.append({
+            "slug": slug,
+            "title": art["title"],
+            "category": art["category"],
+            "tags": art.get("tags", []),
+            "last_updated": art.get("last_updated", "unknown"),
+            "word_count": len(art["content"].split()),
+            "backlinks": backlinks,
+            "sources": art.get("sources", []),
+            "content_preview": art["content"][:600],
+        })
+
+    prompt = f"""## Wiki Index
+{index_summary}
+
+## Article Summaries
+{json.dumps(article_summaries, indent=2)[:12000]}
+
+Please perform a thorough health check of this nursing knowledge wiki.
+Return valid JSON only, no markdown fences."""
+
+    response = client.messages.create(
+        model=model,
+        max_tokens=3000,
+        system=LINT_SYSTEM_PROMPT,
+        messages=[{"role": "user", "content": prompt}],
+    )
+
+    raw = response.content[0].text.strip()
+    if raw.startswith("```"):
+        raw = raw.split("\n", 1)[1]
+        if raw.endswith("```"):
+            raw = raw.rsplit("```", 1)[0]
+
+    return json.loads(raw)
+
+
+def generate_missing_article(client: anthropic.Anthropic, title: str, category: str,
+                              key_topics: list, existing_index: str,
+                              model: str = "claude-sonnet-4-6") -> dict:
+    """Generate a new article for a topic identified as missing by the linter."""
+    import datetime
+
+    prompt = f"""Write a comprehensive nursing knowledge wiki article on: **{title}**
+
+Category: {category}
+Key topics to cover: {', '.join(key_topics)}
+
+Existing wiki context (do not duplicate, but do cross-reference):
+{existing_index}
+
+The article should:
+- Be clinically accurate and evidence-based (NMC 2018, NICE, NHS, BNF standards)
+- Use UK spellings and references
+- Include backlinks to related articles using [[Article Title]] format
+- Have clear sections with ## headers
+- Include a References section
+- Be suitable for student nurses
+
+Return the full markdown article content only (no JSON, just the markdown)."""
+
+    response = client.messages.create(
+        model=model,
+        max_tokens=3000,
+        messages=[{"role": "user", "content": prompt}],
+    )
+
+    content = response.content[0].text.strip()
+    slug = title.lower().replace(" ", "_").replace("-", "_")
+    slug = "".join(c for c in slug if c.isalnum() or c == "_")
+
+    return {
+        "slug": slug,
+        "title": title,
+        "category": category,
+        "tags": key_topics[:5],
+        "content": content,
+        "last_updated": datetime.date.today().isoformat(),
+        "sources": ["AI-generated from lint suggestion"],
+    }

core/qa.py

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+"""Q&A module — answers nursing questions from the wiki using Claude."""
+
+import anthropic
+
+QA_SYSTEM_PROMPT = """You are a nursing knowledge assistant for the Nursing Citizen Development Organisation.
+You answer questions by drawing on a curated nursing knowledge wiki aligned with NMC Standards of Proficiency (2018) and UK clinical practice.
+
+When answering:
+1. Read the provided wiki articles carefully
+2. Give a clear, accurate, clinically appropriate answer
+3. Cite specific wiki articles you used (e.g. [[The NMC Code]])
+4. Suggest related articles the student might want to explore
+5. Flag any clinical safety considerations prominently
+6. Use UK clinical terminology and references (NICE, NMC, NHS, BNF)
+7. Map your answer to NMC Proficiency platforms where relevant
+
+Always end with: "This tool supports but does not replace clinical judgment."
+
+Format your response in clean markdown with:
+- A direct answer paragraph
+- Key points as a bulleted list (if appropriate)
+- **NMC Proficiency**: which platforms are relevant
+- **Sources used**: list of wiki articles cited
+- **Explore further**: 2-3 related articles to read next
+"""
+
+ARTICLE_SELECTION_PROMPT = """You are selecting which wiki articles are most relevant to answer a nursing question.
+
+Given the question and a list of available articles, return the slugs of the 5-8 most relevant articles.
+Return only a JSON array of slugs, nothing else.
+
+Example: ["nmc_code", "abcde_assessment", "news2"]
+"""
+
+
+def select_relevant_articles(client: anthropic.Anthropic, question: str,
+                              article_index: dict, model: str = "claude-haiku-4-5-20251001") -> list[str]:
+    """Use Claude Haiku to quickly identify the most relevant articles for a question."""
+    article_list = "\n".join([
+        f"- {slug}: {art['title']} ({art['category']}) — {', '.join(art.get('tags', []))}"
+        for slug, art in article_index.items()
+    ])
+
+    prompt = f"""Question: {question}
+
+Available wiki articles:
+{article_list}
+
+Return a JSON array of the 5-8 most relevant article slugs."""
+
+    response = client.messages.create(
+        model=model,
+        max_tokens=256,
+        system=ARTICLE_SELECTION_PROMPT,
+        messages=[{"role": "user", "content": prompt}],
+    )
+
+    raw = response.content[0].text.strip()
+    if raw.startswith("["):
+        import json
+        try:
+            return json.loads(raw)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+    # Fallback: return all article slugs (up to 8)
+    return list(article_index.keys())[:8]
+
+
+def answer_question(client: anthropic.Anthropic, question: str, articles: dict,
+                    model: str = "claude-sonnet-4-6") -> str:
+    """
+    Answer a nursing question using the wiki.
+
+    Returns a markdown-formatted answer with citations.
+    """
+    # Select relevant articles
+    relevant_slugs = select_relevant_articles(client, question, articles, model="claude-haiku-4-5-20251001")
+
+    # Build context from selected articles
+    context_parts = []
+    for slug in relevant_slugs:
+        if slug in articles:
+            art = articles[slug]
+            context_parts.append(f"## {art['title']}\n{art['content']}\n")
+
+    wiki_context = "\n---\n".join(context_parts)
+
+    user_prompt = f"""## Nursing Question
+{question}
+
+## Relevant Wiki Articles
+{wiki_context[:10000]}
+
+Please answer the question using the wiki content above."""
+
+    response = client.messages.create(
+        model=model,
+        max_tokens=2048,
+        system=QA_SYSTEM_PROMPT,
+        messages=[{"role": "user", "content": user_prompt}],
+    )
+
+    return response.content[0].text.strip()
+
+
+def file_answer_to_wiki(client: anthropic.Anthropic, question: str, answer: str,
+                        model: str = "claude-haiku-4-5-20251001") -> dict:
+    """
+    Convert a Q&A exchange into a wiki article for filing back.
+
+    Returns article dict or None if not worth filing.
+    """
+    import datetime
+
+    prompt = f"""This Q&A exchange from a nursing knowledge base may be worth filing as a new wiki article.
+
+Question: {question}
+Answer: {answer}
+
+If this answer contains substantial reusable nursing knowledge not easily found in a single article,
+create a new wiki article. If not, return null.
+
+Return JSON:
+{{
+  "should_file": true/false,
+  "slug": "article_slug",
+  "title": "Article Title",
+  "category": "category_name",
+  "tags": ["tag1", "tag2"],
+  "content": "Full markdown article content"
+}}"""
+
+    response = client.messages.create(
+        model=model,
+        max_tokens=2048,
+        messages=[{"role": "user", "content": prompt}],
+    )
+
+    raw = response.content[0].text.strip()
+    if raw.startswith("```"):
+        raw = raw.split("\n", 1)[1].rsplit("```", 1)[0]
+
+    import json
+    result = json.loads(raw)
+    if result.get("should_file"):
+        result["last_updated"] = datetime.date.today().isoformat()
+        result["sources"] = ["Q&A session"]
+        return result
+    return None

requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+streamlit>=1.35.0
+anthropic>=0.28.0

streamlit_app.py

@@ -0,0 +1,745 @@
+"""Nursing Knowledge Base — LM Wiki for Nursing Education.
+
+Inspired by Karpathy's LLM Wiki pattern, adapted for the Nursing Citizen Development Organisation.
+Students and educators add raw sources; Claude builds and maintains a structured nursing wiki.
+"""
+
+import streamlit as st
+import anthropic
+import json
+import zipfile
+import io
+import datetime
+import re
+import sys
+import os
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(__file__))
+from wiki.starter import get_starter_wiki
+from core.compiler import compile_source, rebuild_index
+from core.qa import answer_question, file_answer_to_wiki
+from core.linter import lint_wiki, generate_missing_article
+
+# ─── Page config ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+st.set_page_config(
+    page_title="Nursing Knowledge Base | CQAI",
+    page_icon="📖",
+    layout="wide",
+    initial_sidebar_state="expanded",
+)
+
+# ─── Styles ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+st.markdown("""
+<style>
+    /* Main palette */
+    :root {
+        --nhs-blue: #003087;
+        --nhs-light-blue: #005EB8;
+        --nhs-green: #007F3B;
+        --nhs-warm-yellow: #FFB81C;
+        --nhs-pale-grey: #F0F4F5;
+    }
+    .stApp { background: #F8FAFC; }
+    .article-card {
+        background: white;
+        border-radius: 8px;
+        padding: 1rem 1.2rem;
+        border-left: 4px solid #005EB8;
+        margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
+        cursor: pointer;
+    }
+    .article-card:hover { border-left-color: #007F3B; background: #F0F4F5; }
+    .category-badge {
+        display: inline-block;
+        background: #005EB8;
+        color: white;
+        padding: 2px 8px;
+        border-radius: 12px;
+        font-size: 0.75rem;
+        margin-right: 4px;
+    }
+    .tag-badge {
+        display: inline-block;
+        background: #F0F4F5;
+        color: #333;
+        padding: 2px 6px;
+        border-radius: 10px;
+        font-size: 0.7rem;
+        margin: 1px;
+    }
+    .disclaimer {
+        background: #FFF4CC;
+        border: 1px solid #FFB81C;
+        border-radius: 6px;
+        padding: 8px 12px;
+        font-size: 0.85rem;
+        color: #5A4B00;
+        margin: 8px 0;
+    }
+    .stat-card {
+        background: white;
+        border-radius: 8px;
+        padding: 12px;
+        text-align: center;
+        border: 1px solid #E0E8F0;
+    }
+    .stat-number { font-size: 1.8rem; font-weight: 700; color: #005EB8; }
+    .stat-label { font-size: 0.8rem; color: #666; }
+    .issue-high { border-left: 3px solid #D93025; padding: 8px; margin: 4px 0; background: #FEF3F2; border-radius: 4px; }
+    .issue-medium { border-left: 3px solid #FFB81C; padding: 8px; margin: 4px 0; background: #FFFBF0; border-radius: 4px; }
+    .issue-low { border-left: 3px solid #007F3B; padding: 8px; margin: 4px 0; background: #F0FAF4; border-radius: 4px; }
+    .wiki-title {
+        font-size: 1.6rem;
+        font-weight: 700;
+        color: #003087;
+        margin-bottom: 0.2rem;
+    }
+</style>
+""", unsafe_allow_html=True)
+
+# ─── Session state ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+if "wiki" not in st.session_state:
+    st.session_state.wiki = get_starter_wiki()
+if "selected_article" not in st.session_state:
+    st.session_state.selected_article = None
+if "qa_history" not in st.session_state:
+    st.session_state.qa_history = []
+if "lint_report" not in st.session_state:
+    st.session_state.lint_report = None
+if "compile_status" not in st.session_state:
+    st.session_state.compile_status = ""
+
+wiki = st.session_state.wiki
+
+
+def get_client() -> anthropic.Anthropic | None:
+    key = st.session_state.get("api_key", "").strip()
+    if not key:
+        return None
+    return anthropic.Anthropic(api_key=key)
+
+
+def log(entry: str):
+    today = datetime.date.today().isoformat()
+    wiki["log"].append(f"## [{today}] {entry}")
+
+
+def add_or_update_article(article: dict):
+    slug = article["slug"]
+    wiki["articles"][slug] = {
+        "title": article["title"],
+        "category": article["category"],
+        "tags": article.get("tags", []),
+        "last_updated": article.get("last_updated", datetime.date.today().isoformat()),
+        "sources": article.get("sources", []),
+        "content": article["content"],
+    }
+    wiki["metadata"]["article_count"] = len(wiki["articles"])
+
+
+def export_wiki_zip() -> bytes:
+    buf = io.BytesIO()
+    with zipfile.ZipFile(buf, "w", zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as zf:
+        # Index
+        zf.writestr("wiki/index.md", wiki.get("index_summary", ""))
+        # Log
+        zf.writestr("wiki/log.md", "\n\n".join(wiki.get("log", [])))
+        # Articles
+        for slug, art in wiki["articles"].items():
+            category = art.get("category", "general")
+            zf.writestr(f"wiki/{category}/{slug}.md", art["content"])
+        # Raw sources
+        for src_id, src in wiki.get("sources", {}).items():
+            zf.writestr(f"raw/{src_id}.md", f"# {src['title']}\n\n{src['content']}")
+        # Full JSON backup
+        zf.writestr("wiki_backup.json", json.dumps(wiki, indent=2))
+    buf.seek(0)
+    return buf.getvalue()
+
+
+def category_color(cat: str) -> str:
+    colors = {
+        "standards": "#003087", "clinical": "#007F3B", "pharmacology": "#8B0000",
+        "evidence": "#6B21A8", "frameworks": "#0369A1", "safety": "#C05621",
+        "law": "#1F2937", "mental_health": "#065F46", "research": "#4338CA",
+        "ethics": "#92400E",
+    }
+    return colors.get(cat, "#005EB8")
+
+
+# ─── Sidebar ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+with st.sidebar:
+    st.markdown('<div class="wiki-title">📖 Nursing Wiki</div>', unsafe_allow_html=True)
+    st.caption("Nursing Citizen Development Organisation")
+    st.divider()
+
+    # API Key
+    with st.expander("🔑 Claude API Key (BYOK)", expanded=not st.session_state.get("api_key")):
+        api_key = st.text_input(
+            "Anthropic API Key",
+            type="password",
+            value=st.session_state.get("api_key", ""),
+            help="Required for Compile, Q&A, and Lint features. Never stored — session only.",
+            key="api_key_input",
+        )
+        if api_key != st.session_state.get("api_key", ""):
+            st.session_state.api_key = api_key
+            st.rerun()
+        if st.session_state.get("api_key"):
+            st.success("API key set")
+        else:
+            st.info("Enter key to enable AI features")
+
+    st.divider()
+
+    # Wiki stats
+    st.markdown("**Wiki Statistics**")
+    articles = wiki["articles"]
+    sources = wiki.get("sources", {})
+    categories = {}
+    for art in articles.values():
+        cat = art.get("category", "other")
+        categories[cat] = categories.get(cat, 0) + 1
+
+    col1, col2 = st.columns(2)
+    with col1:
+        st.markdown(f'<div class="stat-card"><div class="stat-number">{len(articles)}</div><div class="stat-label">Articles</div></div>', unsafe_allow_html=True)
+    with col2:
+        st.markdown(f'<div class="stat-card"><div class="stat-number">{len(sources)}</div><div class="stat-label">Sources</div></div>', unsafe_allow_html=True)
+
+    st.markdown("**Categories**")
+    for cat, count in sorted(categories.items(), key=lambda x: -x[1]):
+        color = category_color(cat)
+        st.markdown(f'<span style="color:{color}">●</span> {cat.replace("_", " ").title()}: **{count}**', unsafe_allow_html=True)
+
+    st.divider()
+
+    # Import/Export
+    st.markdown("**Import / Export**")
+    uploaded = st.file_uploader("Import wiki (JSON)", type="json", key="wiki_import")
+    if uploaded:
+        try:
+            imported = json.load(uploaded)
+            if "articles" in imported:
+                st.session_state.wiki = imported
+                st.success(f"Imported {len(imported['articles'])} articles")
+                st.rerun()
+        except Exception as e:
+            st.error(f"Import failed: {e}")
+
+    zip_bytes = export_wiki_zip()
+    st.download_button(
+        "📥 Export Wiki (ZIP)",
+        data=zip_bytes,
+        file_name=f"nursing_wiki_{datetime.date.today()}.zip",
+        mime="application/zip",
+        use_container_width=True,
+    )
+
+    json_bytes = json.dumps(wiki, indent=2).encode()
+    st.download_button(
+        "💾 Save Wiki (JSON)",
+        data=json_bytes,
+        file_name=f"nursing_wiki_{datetime.date.today()}.json",
+        mime="application/json",
+        use_container_width=True,
+    )
+
+# ─── Main tabs ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+tab_browse, tab_sources, tab_compile, tab_qa, tab_lint, tab_log = st.tabs([
+    "📚 Browse Wiki",
+    "➕ Add Sources",
+    "🔨 Compile",
+    "💬 Ask",
+    "🔍 Health Check",
+    "📋 Log",
+])
+
+# ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
+# TAB 1: BROWSE
+# ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
+with tab_browse:
+    st.markdown('<div class="disclaimer">📖 This wiki supports nursing education and CPD. It does not replace clinical judgment, current NMC guidance, or local trust policies.</div>', unsafe_allow_html=True)
+
+    col_list, col_reader = st.columns([1, 2])
+
+    with col_list:
+        st.markdown("### Articles")
+
+        # Search
+        search = st.text_input("🔍 Search", placeholder="e.g. ABCDE, medications, safeguarding")
+
+        # Category filter
+        all_cats = sorted(set(a.get("category", "other") for a in wiki["articles"].values()))
+        cat_filter = st.selectbox("Category", ["All"] + [c.replace("_", " ").title() for c in all_cats])
+
+        # Filter articles
+        filtered = {}
+        for slug, art in wiki["articles"].items():
+            cat_match = cat_filter == "All" or art.get("category", "").replace("_", " ").title() == cat_filter
+            if search:
+                text = (art["title"] + " " + " ".join(art.get("tags", []))).lower()
+                search_match = all(term in text for term in search.lower().split())
+            else:
+                search_match = True
+            if cat_match and search_match:
+                filtered[slug] = art
+
+        # Sort by category then title
+        sorted_articles = sorted(filtered.items(), key=lambda x: (x[1].get("category", ""), x[1]["title"]))
+
+        # Group by category
+        current_cat = None
+        for slug, art in sorted_articles:
+            cat = art.get("category", "other")
+            if cat != current_cat:
+                current_cat = cat
+                color = category_color(cat)
+                st.markdown(f'<div style="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:4px;font-weight:600;color:{color};font-size:0.85rem;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.05em">{cat.replace("_"," ")}</div>', unsafe_allow_html=True)
+
+            if st.button(
+                art["title"],
+                key=f"art_{slug}",
+                use_container_width=True,
+                type="secondary" if st.session_state.selected_article != slug else "primary",
+            ):
+                st.session_state.selected_article = slug
+                st.rerun()
+
+        st.caption(f"{len(filtered)} of {len(wiki['articles'])} articles")
+
+    with col_reader:
+        if st.session_state.selected_article and st.session_state.selected_article in wiki["articles"]:
+            art = wiki["articles"][st.session_state.selected_article]
+            slug = st.session_state.selected_article
+
+            # Header
+            col_title, col_meta = st.columns([3, 1])
+            with col_title:
+                st.markdown(f"## {art['title']}")
+            with col_meta:
+                color = category_color(art.get("category", ""))
+                st.markdown(f'<span class="category-badge" style="background:{color}">{art.get("category", "").replace("_", " ")}</span>', unsafe_allow_html=True)
+                st.caption(f"Updated: {art.get('last_updated', 'n/a')}")
+
+            # Tags
+            tags_html = " ".join([f'<span class="tag-badge">{t}</span>' for t in art.get("tags", [])])
+            st.markdown(tags_html, unsafe_allow_html=True)
+
+            st.divider()
+
+            # Content — render backlinks as bold
+            content = art["content"]
+            content = re.sub(r'\[\[([^\]]+)\]\]', r'**\1**', content)
+            st.markdown(content)
+
+            st.divider()
+            # Download article
+            st.download_button(
+                "📄 Download article (.md)",
+                data=art["content"].encode(),
+                file_name=f"{slug}.md",
+                mime="text/markdown",
+            )
+
+            # Edit option (for power users)
+            with st.expander("✏️ Edit this article"):
+                new_content = st.text_area("Content (markdown)", value=art["content"], height=400, key=f"edit_{slug}")
+                if st.button("Save changes", key=f"save_{slug}"):
+                    wiki["articles"][slug]["content"] = new_content
+                    wiki["articles"][slug]["last_updated"] = datetime.date.today().isoformat()
+                    log(f"edit | {art['title']} — manually edited")
+                    st.success("Saved")
+                    st.rerun()
+        else:
+            st.markdown("### Welcome to the Nursing Knowledge Base")
+            st.markdown("""
+This wiki is a living knowledge base for nursing education, powered by Claude AI.
+
+**Getting started:**
+1. **Browse** articles using the list on the left — click any article to read it
+2. **Add Sources** — paste guidelines, articles, or clinical notes
+3. **Compile** — Claude integrates your sources into the wiki
+4. **Ask** — ask nursing questions; Claude answers from the wiki
+5. **Health Check** — audit the wiki for gaps, contradictions, and suggestions
+
+**Pre-loaded content** covers:
+- NMC Code & Proficiency Standards 2018
+- ABCDE Assessment and NEWS2
+- Drug calculations and the Nine Rights
+- PICO and Evidence-Based Practice
+- Person-Centred Care and the Six Cs
+- Mental Capacity Act 2005
+- Safeguarding Adults and Children
+- Infection Prevention and Control
+- Duty of Candour
+
+*Select an article on the left to begin reading.*
+""")
+            st.markdown(f'<div class="disclaimer">This tool supports but does not replace clinical judgment. Always refer to current NMC guidelines, your local trust policy, and senior clinical colleagues.</div>', unsafe_allow_html=True)
+
+
+# ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
+# TAB 2: ADD SOURCES
+# ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
+with tab_sources:
+    st.markdown("### Add Raw Sources")
+    st.markdown("""
+Add source material to the wiki. Claude will integrate it when you run **Compile**.
+
+Suitable sources include:
+- NICE clinical guidelines (copy and paste the text)
+- NMC guidance documents
+- Research paper abstracts or full text
+- NHS trust protocols
+- Textbook chapters
+- Clinical audit findings
+- Your own clinical notes or case studies
+""")
+
+    col_add, col_list_src = st.columns([1, 1])
+
+    with col_add:
+        st.markdown("#### Add New Source")
+        src_title = st.text_input("Source title", placeholder="e.g. NICE NG51 — Sepsis (2016)")
+        src_type = st.selectbox("Type", ["Clinical Guideline", "Research Paper", "NMC Document", "NHS Protocol", "Textbook", "Other"])
+        src_content = st.text_area(
+            "Source content (paste text here)",
+            height=300,
+            placeholder="Paste the full text of the guideline, paper, or document here...",
+        )
+
+        if st.button("➕ Add Source", type="primary", disabled=not (src_title and src_content)):
+            src_id = f"src_{len(wiki.get('sources', {})) + 1:04d}"
+            if "sources" not in wiki:
+                wiki["sources"] = {}
+            wiki["sources"][src_id] = {
+                "title": src_title,
+                "type": src_type,
+                "content": src_content,
+                "added": datetime.date.today().isoformat(),
+                "processed": False,
+            }
+            log(f"ingest | Added source: {src_title}")
+            st.success(f"Source added: {src_title}")
+            st.rerun()
+
+    with col_list_src:
+        st.markdown("#### Sources")
+        sources = wiki.get("sources", {})
+
+        if not sources:
+            st.info("No sources added yet. Add your first source on the left.")
+        else:
+            for src_id, src in sources.items():
+                status = "✅ Compiled" if src.get("processed") else "⏳ Pending compile"
+                with st.expander(f"{src['title']} — {status}"):
+                    st.caption(f"Type: {src['type']} | Added: {src['added']}")
+                    st.text(src["content"][:400] + ("..." if len(src["content"]) > 400 else ""))
+                    if st.button("🗑️ Remove", key=f"del_{src_id}"):
+                        del wiki["sources"][src_id]
+                        log(f"delete | Removed source: {src['title']}")
+                        st.rerun()
+
+
+# ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
+# TAB 3: COMPILE
+# ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
+with tab_compile:
+    st.markdown("### Compile Wiki")
+    st.markdown("""
+Claude reads your raw sources and integrates them into the wiki — updating existing articles,
+creating new ones, adding cross-references, and keeping the index current.
+
+This is the core Karpathy pattern: **you add sources, Claude maintains the knowledge base.**
+""")
+
+    client = get_client()
+    if not client:
+        st.warning("Enter your Anthropic API key in the sidebar to use Compile.")
+    else:
+        pending = {sid: s for sid, s in wiki.get("sources", {}).items() if not s.get("processed")}
+
+        if not pending:
+            st.info("No pending sources. Add sources in the **Add Sources** tab, then compile.")
+        else:
+            st.markdown(f"**{len(pending)} source(s) ready to compile:**")
+            for src_id, src in pending.items():
+                st.markdown(f"- {src['title']} ({src['type']})")
+
+            model = st.selectbox("Model", ["claude-sonnet-4-6", "claude-opus-4-6"],
+                                 help="Sonnet is faster and cheaper; Opus produces richer articles.")
+
+            if st.button("🔨 Compile Now", type="primary"):
+                progress = st.progress(0)
+                status = st.empty()
+                results_container = st.container()
+
+                for i, (src_id, src) in enumerate(pending.items()):
+                    status.markdown(f"⚙️ Compiling: **{src['title']}** ({i+1}/{len(pending)})...")
+                    try:
+                        result = compile_source(
+                            client=client,
+                            source_title=src["title"],
+                            source_content=src["content"],
+                            existing_index=wiki.get("index_summary", ""),
+                            existing_articles=wiki["articles"],
+                            model=model,
+                        )
+
+                        updated_count = len(result.get("articles_updated", []))
+                        created_count = len(result.get("articles_created", []))
+
+                        for art in result.get("articles_updated", []):
+                            add_or_update_article(art)
+                        for art in result.get("articles_created", []):
+                            add_or_update_article(art)
+
+                        wiki["sources"][src_id]["processed"] = True
+                        log(f"compile | {src['title']} — updated {updated_count} articles, created {created_count} new articles")
+
+                        with results_container:
+                            st.success(f"✅ **{src['title']}**: {updated_count} updated, {created_count} created")
+                            if result.get("summary"):
+                                st.caption(result["summary"])
+
+                    except Exception as e:
+                        with results_container:
+                            st.error(f"❌ Failed to compile {src['title']}: {e}")
+
+                    progress.progress((i + 1) / len(pending))
+
+                # Rebuild index
+                status.markdown("📑 Rebuilding wiki index...")
+                try:
+                    new_index = rebuild_index(client, wiki["articles"], model=model)
+                    wiki["index_summary"] = new_index
+                    log(f"index | Wiki index rebuilt — {len(wiki['articles'])} articles")
+                except Exception as e:
+                    st.warning(f"Index rebuild failed: {e}")
+
+                status.markdown("✅ Compilation complete!")
+                progress.progress(1.0)
+                st.rerun()
+
+        # Manual rebuild index
+        st.divider()
+        st.markdown("**Rebuild Index**")
+        st.caption("Regenerate the wiki index from all current articles (useful after manual edits).")
+        if st.button("📑 Rebuild Index"):
+            if client:
+                with st.spinner("Rebuilding..."):
+                    try:
+                        new_index = rebuild_index(client, wiki["articles"])
+                        wiki["index_summary"] = new_index
+                        log("index | Manual index rebuild")
+                        st.success("Index rebuilt")
+                        st.text_area("Updated Index", value=new_index, height=300)
+                    except Exception as e:
+                        st.error(f"Failed: {e}")
+
+
+# ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
+# TAB 4: Q&A
+# ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
+with tab_qa:
+    st.markdown("### Ask the Wiki")
+    st.markdown('<div class="disclaimer">Answers are generated from the wiki content and are for educational use only. This tool does not replace clinical judgment or current NMC/NICE guidelines.</div>', unsafe_allow_html=True)
+
+    client = get_client()
+    if not client:
+        st.warning("Enter your Anthropic API key in the sidebar to use Q&A.")
+    else:
+        # Example questions
+        st.markdown("**Example questions:**")
+        examples = [
+            "What are the five statutory principles of the Mental Capacity Act?",
+            "How do I calculate an IV drip rate for 1000 mL over 6 hours?",
+            "What does the NMC Code say about delegation?",
+            "What is the NEWS2 threshold for emergency escalation?",
+            "How do I apply the PICO framework to a clinical question about wound care?",
+        ]
+        cols = st.columns(3)
+        for i, ex in enumerate(examples):
+            if cols[i % 3].button(ex, key=f"ex_{i}", use_container_width=True):
+                st.session_state["qa_question"] = ex
+
+        # Question input
+        question = st.text_area(
+            "Your question",
+            value=st.session_state.get("qa_question", ""),
+            height=100,
+            placeholder="Ask any nursing question...",
+            key="qa_input",
+        )
+
+        model = st.selectbox("Model", ["claude-sonnet-4-6", "claude-opus-4-6"], key="qa_model")
+        col_ask, col_file = st.columns([3, 1])
+        ask_clicked = col_ask.button("💬 Ask", type="primary", disabled=not question)
+        file_last = col_file.checkbox("File answer to wiki", value=False,
+                                     help="Save valuable Q&A answers as new wiki articles")
+
+        if ask_clicked and question:
+            with st.spinner("Searching wiki and composing answer..."):
+                try:
+                    answer = answer_question(client, question, wiki["articles"], model=model)
+
+                    # Add to history
+                    st.session_state.qa_history.append({
+                        "question": question,
+                        "answer": answer,
+                        "timestamp": datetime.datetime.now().isoformat(),
+                    })
+                    log(f"query | {question[:80]}")
+
+                    # Optionally file to wiki
+                    if file_last:
+                        with st.spinner("Filing answer to wiki..."):
+                            new_art = file_answer_to_wiki(client, question, answer, model="claude-haiku-4-5-20251001")
+                            if new_art:
+                                add_or_update_article(new_art)
+                                log(f"file | Created article from Q&A: {new_art['title']}")
+                                st.success(f"Filed as new article: **{new_art['title']}**")
+
+                    st.session_state["qa_question"] = ""
+                except Exception as e:
+                    st.error(f"Error: {e}")
+
+        # Display Q&A history (newest first)
+        if st.session_state.qa_history:
+            st.divider()
+            st.markdown("### Recent Questions")
+
+            for qa in reversed(st.session_state.qa_history[-10:]):
+                with st.expander(f"❓ {qa['question'][:80]}{'...' if len(qa['question'])>80 else ''}", expanded=False):
+                    st.markdown(qa["answer"])
+                    st.download_button(
+                        "📄 Save answer",
+                        data=f"# {qa['question']}\n\n{qa['answer']}".encode(),
+                        file_name="answer.md",
+                        mime="text/markdown",
+                        key=f"dl_{qa['timestamp']}",
+                    )
+
+            if st.button("🗑️ Clear history"):
+                st.session_state.qa_history = []
+                st.rerun()
+
+
+# ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
+# TAB 5: HEALTH CHECK (LINT)
+# ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
+with tab_lint:
+    st.markdown("### Wiki Health Check")
+    st.markdown("""
+Claude audits the wiki for:
+- **Contradictions** between articles
+- **Stale content** that may need updating
+- **Orphan articles** with few cross-references
+- **Missing links** between related articles
+- **Clinical safety gaps** — important missing content
+- **Suggested new articles** to expand the wiki
+""")
+
+    client = get_client()
+    if not client:
+        st.warning("Enter your Anthropic API key in the sidebar to run a health check.")
+    else:
+        model = st.selectbox("Model", ["claude-sonnet-4-6", "claude-opus-4-6"], key="lint_model")
+
+        if st.button("🔍 Run Health Check", type="primary"):
+            with st.spinner("Auditing wiki... this may take a moment"):
+                try:
+                    report = lint_wiki(client, wiki["articles"], wiki.get("index_summary", ""), model=model)
+                    st.session_state.lint_report = report
+                    log(f"lint | Health check completed — {report.get('total_issues', 0)} issues found")
+                except Exception as e:
+                    st.error(f"Health check failed: {e}")
+
+        report = st.session_state.lint_report
+        if report:
+            st.divider()
+
+            # Overall status
+            health = report.get("overall_health", "Unknown")
+            health_color = {"Good": "#007F3B", "Fair": "#FFB81C", "Needs attention": "#D93025"}.get(health, "#666")
+            st.markdown(f'<h3 style="color:{health_color}">Overall Health: {health}</h3>', unsafe_allow_html=True)
+            st.markdown(report.get("summary", ""))
+
+            col_issues, col_suggestions = st.columns([1, 1])
+
+            with col_issues:
+                st.markdown(f"### Issues ({report.get('total_issues', 0)})")
+
+                for issue in report.get("issues", []):
+                    sev = issue.get("severity", "low")
+                    css = f"issue-{sev}"
+                    icon = {"high": "🔴", "medium": "🟡", "low": "🟢"}.get(sev, "●")
+                    st.markdown(
+                        f'<div class="{css}"><strong>{icon} {issue.get("type", "").replace("_", " ").title()}</strong> '
+                        f'— {issue.get("article", "wiki-wide")}<br>'
+                        f'{issue.get("description", "")}<br>'
+                        f'<em>Fix: {issue.get("recommendation", "")}</em></div>',
+                        unsafe_allow_html=True,
+                    )
+
+                if report.get("strengths"):
+                    st.markdown("### Strengths")
+                    for s in report["strengths"]:
+                        st.markdown(f"✅ {s}")
+
+            with col_suggestions:
+                st.markdown("### Suggested New Articles")
+                suggested = report.get("suggested_new_articles", [])
+
+                if not suggested:
+                    st.info("No new articles suggested.")
+                else:
+                    for suggestion in suggested:
+                        with st.expander(f"📝 {suggestion['title']} ({suggestion['category']})"):
+                            st.caption(suggestion.get("rationale", ""))
+                            if suggestion.get("key_topics"):
+                                st.markdown("**Key topics**: " + ", ".join(suggestion["key_topics"]))
+
+                            if st.button(f"Generate article: {suggestion['title'][:30]}...",
+                                        key=f"gen_{suggestion['title'][:20]}"):
+                                with st.spinner(f"Generating: {suggestion['title']}..."):
+                                    try:
+                                        new_art = generate_missing_article(
+                                            client,
+                                            suggestion["title"],
+                                            suggestion["category"],
+                                            suggestion.get("key_topics", []),
+                                            wiki.get("index_summary", ""),
+                                            model=model,
+                                        )
+                                        add_or_update_article(new_art)
+                                        log(f"generate | Created article: {suggestion['title']} (from lint suggestion)")
+                                        st.success(f"Created: **{new_art['title']}**")
+                                        st.rerun()
+                                    except Exception as e:
+                                        st.error(f"Failed: {e}")
+
+
+# ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
+# TAB 6: LOG
+# ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
+with tab_log:
+    st.markdown("### Operation Log")
+    st.caption("Append-only chronological record of all wiki operations.")
+
+    log_entries = wiki.get("log", [])
+
+    if not log_entries:
+        st.info("No log entries yet.")
+    else:
+        # Show newest first
+        for entry in reversed(log_entries):
+            st.markdown(entry)
+
+    st.download_button(
+        "📄 Download Log",
+        data="\n\n".join(log_entries).encode(),
+        file_name=f"wiki_log_{datetime.date.today()}.md",
+        mime="text/markdown",
+    )

wiki/starter.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1177 @@
+"""Starter wiki content for the Nursing Knowledge Base.
+
+This module provides a pre-seeded wiki covering core nursing knowledge,
+aligned with NMC Standards of Proficiency (2018) and UK clinical frameworks.
+"""
+
+STARTER_WIKI = {
+    "articles": {
+        "nmc_code": {
+            "title": "The NMC Code",
+            "category": "standards",
+            "tags": ["nmc", "professional", "code", "ethics", "accountability"],
+            "last_updated": "2026-04-04",
+            "sources": ["built-in"],
+            "content": """# The NMC Code
+
+The **NMC Code** (2015, updated 2018) sets out the professional standards that registered nurses, midwives and nursing associates must uphold. It is structured around four themes.
+
+## The Four Themes
+
+### 1. Prioritise People
+- Treat people as individuals and uphold their dignity
+- Listen to people and respond to their preferences and concerns
+- Make sure people's physical, social and psychological needs are assessed and responded to
+- Act in the best interests of people at all times
+- Respect and uphold people's rights to make their own decisions
+
+### 2. Practise Effectively
+- Always practise in line with the best available evidence
+- Communicate clearly — maintain clear and accurate records
+- Work cooperatively — work with colleagues to evaluate the quality of your work
+- Share your skills, knowledge and experience for the benefit of people receiving care and your colleagues
+- Keep your knowledge and skills up to date throughout your working life
+
+### 3. Preserve Safety
+- Recognise and work within your own competence
+- Be open and candid with all service users about all aspects of care — **Duty of Candour**
+- Act without delay in situations that put people at risk
+- Raise concerns immediately if you believe a person is vulnerable or at risk
+- Advise on, prescribe, supply, dispense or administer medicines within the limits of your training and competence
+
+### 4. Promote Professionalism and Trust
+- Uphold the reputation of your profession at all times
+- Uphold your position as a registered nurse, midwife or nursing associate
+- Fulfil all registration requirements
+- Cooperate with all investigations and audits
+
+## Key Accountability Principles
+
+- You are **personally accountable** for your actions and omissions in your practice
+- Delegation does not remove your accountability as the registered nurse
+- You must **escalate concerns** using local policies (e.g. Datix, RIDDOR) without delay
+- The NMC can take action if your fitness to practise is impaired
+
+## Related Articles
+- [[NMC Proficiency Standards 2018]]
+- [[Duty of Candour]]
+- [[Delegation in Nursing]]
+- [[NMC Revalidation]]
+
+## References
+- NMC (2018) *The Code: Professional standards of practice and behaviour for nurses, midwives and nursing associates*. London: NMC.
+""",
+        },
+        "nmc_proficiency": {
+            "title": "NMC Standards of Proficiency 2018",
+            "category": "standards",
+            "tags": ["nmc", "proficiency", "standards", "competency", "registration"],
+            "last_updated": "2026-04-04",
+            "sources": ["built-in"],
+            "content": """# NMC Standards of Proficiency 2018
+
+The **NMC Standards of Proficiency for Registered Nurses** (2018) set out what all nursing students must know, understand, and be able to do at the point of registration. They are organised into seven platforms plus Annexes A and B.
+
+## The Seven Platforms
+
+### Platform 1: Being an Accountable Professional
+Nurses act in the best interests of people, making evidence-based decisions and maintaining professional standards. Includes reflective practice, escalation of concerns, and accountability.
+
+### Platform 2: Promoting Health and Preventing Ill Health
+Understanding public health, health promotion, and disease prevention. Includes social determinants of health, health screening, and vaccination programmes.
+
+### Platform 3: Assessing Needs and Planning Care
+Using evidence-based assessment frameworks and tools. Includes systematic assessment (ABCDE, NEWS2), holistic needs assessment, and care planning (ADPIE).
+
+### Platform 4: Providing and Evaluating Care
+Delivering and evaluating safe, effective, person-centred care. Includes clinical skills, therapeutic interventions, and outcome measurement.
+
+### Platform 5: Leading and Managing Nursing Care and Working in Teams
+Prioritisation, delegation, and inter-professional working. Includes team leadership, conflict management, and workload management.
+
+### Platform 6: Improving Safety and Quality of Care
+Patient safety principles, clinical governance, and quality improvement. Includes incident reporting, risk assessment, and audit.
+
+### Platform 7: Coordinating Care
+Coordinating complex care across teams and organisations. Includes discharge planning, referral processes, and integrated care pathways.
+
+## Annexe A: Communication and Relationship Management Skills
+Therapeutic communication, breaking bad news, working with interpreters, health literacy.
+
+## Annexe B: Nursing Procedures
+The practical skills all registered nurses must demonstrate, organised by body system:
+- Wound care and pressure ulcer prevention
+- Venepuncture and cannulation
+- Medication administration
+- Catheterisation
+- Moving and handling
+- Vital signs monitoring (including NEWS2)
+
+## Field-Specific Standards
+The generic standards apply across all four fields:
+- **Adult nursing**
+- **Mental health nursing**
+- **Learning disabilities nursing**
+- **Children's nursing**
+
+Field-specific proficiencies build on the generic standards.
+
+## Related Articles
+- [[The NMC Code]]
+- [[ABCDE Assessment]]
+- [[NEWS2 - National Early Warning Score]]
+- [[ADPIE - The Nursing Process]]
+- [[NMC Revalidation]]
+
+## References
+- NMC (2018) *Future Nurse: Standards of Proficiency for Registered Nurses*. London: NMC.
+""",
+        },
+        "abcde_assessment": {
+            "title": "ABCDE Assessment Framework",
+            "category": "clinical",
+            "tags": ["assessment", "abcde", "deteriorating patient", "clinical", "emergency"],
+            "last_updated": "2026-04-04",
+            "sources": ["built-in"],
+            "content": """# ABCDE Assessment Framework
+
+The **ABCDE approach** is the systematic method for assessing and managing acutely ill or deteriorating patients. It is recommended by the Resuscitation Council UK and underpins NEWS2 escalation.
+
+## The Five Components
+
+### A — Airway
+**Goal**: Ensure the airway is patent (open and unobstructed).
+
+- Look for signs of airway obstruction: gurgling, stridor, paradoxical chest movement
+- Assess for secretions, foreign body, swelling, or positional compromise
+- **Interventions**: Head-tilt chin-lift, jaw thrust, suction, airway adjuncts (nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal), call anaesthetist for advanced airway
+- If airway is compromised, call for help immediately (**2222 in hospital**)
+
+### B — Breathing
+**Goal**: Assess adequacy of ventilation and gas exchange.
+
+- **Inspect**: rate (normal 12–20/min), depth, symmetry, use of accessory muscles
+- **Palpate**: tracheal position, chest expansion
+- **Percuss**: dullness (consolidation/effusion), hyper-resonance (pneumothorax)
+- **Auscultate**: air entry, added sounds (wheeze, crackles, pleural rub)
+- **Measure**: SpO₂ (target 94–98%; 88–92% in COPD), peak flow if asthma
+- **Interventions**: positioning (upright), oxygen therapy, nebulisers, call for review
+
+### C — Circulation
+**Goal**: Assess cardiovascular status and perfusion.
+
+- **Heart rate**: normal 60–100 bpm; note rhythm (regular/irregular)
+- **Blood pressure**: systolic <90 mmHg = hypotension; >140/90 = hypertension
+- **Capillary refill time (CRT)**: normal <2 seconds; press sternum or fingertip
+- **Skin**: temperature, colour, turgor, diaphoresis
+- **Urine output**: normal >0.5 mL/kg/hr
+- **12-lead ECG** if cardiac arrhythmia suspected
+- **Interventions**: IV access, fluid challenge, catheter for urine output monitoring
+
+### D — Disability
+**Goal**: Assess neurological status.
+
+- **AVPU scale**: Alert, Voice, Pain, Unresponsive
+- **GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale)**: Eyes (4), Verbal (5), Motor (6) — normal = 15
+- **Blood glucose**: BM/CBG — hypoglycaemia (<4 mmol/L) is a medical emergency
+- **Pupillary response**: size, equality, reactivity to light
+- **Limb movement**: power and sensation
+- **Interventions**: glucose correction, neurological referral, seizure management
+
+### E — Exposure
+**Goal**: Identify all clinical problems; avoid missing findings.
+
+- Fully expose the patient while maintaining dignity and warmth
+- Check skin: rashes, wounds, oedema, pressure areas, surgical drains, IV sites
+- Temperature: pyrexia (>38°C), hypothermia (<36°C)
+- Examine abdomen: distension, tenderness, bowel sounds
+- Prevent hypothermia: warm blankets, warm IV fluids if needed
+
+## SBAR Handover After ABCDE
+After completing ABCDE, communicate findings using **SBAR**:
+- **S**ituation: who you are, about whom, the problem
+- **B**ackground: relevant history, medications
+- **A**ssessment: your ABCDE findings
+- **R**ecommendation: what you need from the senior/team
+
+## Related Articles
+- [[NEWS2 - National Early Warning Score]]
+- [[SBAR Communication]]
+- [[Sepsis Recognition and Management]]
+- [[Oxygen Therapy]]
+
+## References
+- Resuscitation Council UK (2021) *The ABCDE approach*. resus.org.uk
+- Smith, G. (2010) *In-hospital cardiac arrest: Is it time for an in-hospital chain of prevention?* Resuscitation 81(9): 1209–1211.
+""",
+        },
+        "news2": {
+            "title": "NEWS2 - National Early Warning Score",
+            "category": "clinical",
+            "tags": ["news2", "early warning", "deteriorating patient", "escalation", "vital signs"],
+            "last_updated": "2026-04-04",
+            "sources": ["built-in"],
+            "content": """# NEWS2 — National Early Warning Score
+
+**NEWS2** is the standardised early warning score recommended by NHS England and NICE (NG94, 2018) for identifying acutely ill adults in hospital and pre-hospital settings. It replaced NEWS1 and is mandatory across NHS trusts.
+
+## The Seven Parameters Scored
+
+| Parameter | Range | Score |
+|-----------|-------|-------|
+| Respiration rate (breaths/min) | ≤8 | 3 |
+| | 9–11 | 1 |
+| | 12–20 | 0 |
+| | 21–24 | 2 |
+| | ≥25 | 3 |
+| SpO₂ Scale 1 (%) | ≤91 | 3 |
+| | 92–93 | 2 |
+| | 94–95 | 1 |
+| | ≥96 | 0 |
+| SpO₂ Scale 2 (COPD target 88–92%) | ≤83 | 3 |
+| | 84–85 | 2 |
+| | 86–87 | 1 |
+| | 88–92 or ≥93 on air | 0 |
+| Air or oxygen? | Oxygen | 2 |
+| | Air | 0 |
+| Systolic BP (mmHg) | ≤90 | 3 |
+| | 91–100 | 2 |
+| | 101–110 | 1 |
+| | 111–219 | 0 |
+| | ≥220 | 3 |
+| Pulse (bpm) | ≤40 | 3 |
+| | 41–50 | 1 |
+| | 51–90 | 0 |
+| | 91–110 | 1 |
+| | 111–130 | 2 |
+| | ≥131 | 3 |
+| Consciousness | Alert | 0 |
+| | CVPU (New confusion, Voice, Pain, Unresponsive) | 3 |
+| Temperature (°C) | ≤35.0 | 3 |
+| | 35.1–36.0 | 1 |
+| | 36.1–38.0 | 0 |
+| | 38.1–39.0 | 1 |
+| | ≥39.1 | 2 |
+
+## Clinical Response Thresholds
+
+| Score | Risk | Response |
+|-------|------|---------|
+| 0 | Low | Routine obs (minimum 12-hourly) |
+| 1–4 | Low | Increase monitoring; nurse to assess |
+| 3 in one parameter | Low-Medium | Nurse to urgently inform ward doctor |
+| 5–6 | Medium | Urgent doctor review; consider HDU |
+| ≥7 | High | Emergency response — 2222 arrest call |
+
+**New onset confusion** (C in CVPU) scores 3 — even if other obs are normal, this must trigger urgent review.
+
+## Important Caveats
+
+- **SpO₂ Scale 2**: Use only for patients with confirmed hypercapnic respiratory failure (usually COPD) with a prescribed target of 88–92%
+- **Pregnancy**: Standard NEWS2 is **not validated** in pregnancy — use MEOWS (Modified Early Obstetric Warning Score)
+- **Children**: Use PEWS (Paediatric Early Warning Score) — not NEWS2
+- NEWS2 is a **trigger**, not a diagnosis — always use clinical judgement alongside the score
+
+## Escalation and Documentation
+
+1. Calculate NEWS2 at every observation set
+2. Document on NEWS2 chart/in EPR
+3. Escalate according to trust protocol (SBAR handover)
+4. If in doubt — escalate; it is always better to call unnecessarily
+
+## Related Articles
+- [[ABCDE Assessment Framework]]
+- [[Sepsis Recognition and Management]]
+- [[SBAR Communication]]
+- [[Vital Signs - Normal Ranges]]
+
+## References
+- Royal College of Physicians (2017) *National Early Warning Score (NEWS) 2*. London: RCP.
+- NICE (2018) *NG94: Sepsis: recognition, diagnosis and early management*. London: NICE.
+""",
+        },
+        "adpie": {
+            "title": "ADPIE - The Nursing Process",
+            "category": "clinical",
+            "tags": ["adpie", "nursing process", "care planning", "assessment", "evaluation"],
+            "last_updated": "2026-04-04",
+            "sources": ["built-in"],
+            "content": """# ADPIE — The Nursing Process
+
+**ADPIE** is the five-step nursing process used to deliver individualised, evidence-based care. It provides a systematic, cyclical framework for clinical decision-making.
+
+## The Five Steps
+
+### A — Assessment
+**Purpose**: Gather comprehensive, holistic data about the patient.
+
+**Subjective data** (what the patient tells you):
+- Chief complaint, symptoms, pain (SOCRATES), history of presenting complaint
+- Past medical history, medications, allergies
+- Functional status, social history, cultural and spiritual needs
+
+**Objective data** (what you observe and measure):
+- Vital signs, NEWS2, physical examination
+- Laboratory and diagnostic results
+- Behavioural and psychological observations
+
+**Tools**: ABCDE, NEWS2, nutritional screening (MUST), falls risk (Morse), pressure ulcer risk (Braden/Waterlow), pain scales (NRS, Wong-Baker)
+
+### D — Diagnosis (Nursing Diagnosis)
+**Purpose**: Identify actual and potential nursing problems.
+
+Use **NANDA-I** nursing diagnoses (not medical diagnoses):
+- **Actual problem**: "Acute pain related to surgical incision as evidenced by facial grimacing and verbal report of 8/10 pain"
+- **Risk problem**: "Risk for infection related to compromised skin integrity"
+- **Health promotion**: "Readiness for enhanced self-management"
+
+Structure: **Problem + Related to (aetiology) + As evidenced by (signs/symptoms)**
+
+Prioritise using **Maslow's Hierarchy**: physiological → safety → love/belonging → esteem → self-actualisation
+
+### P — Planning
+**Purpose**: Set measurable goals and select interventions.
+
+**SMART Goals**:
+- **S**pecific, **M**easurable, **A**chievable, **R**elevant, **T**ime-bound
+- Example: "Patient will report pain ≤3/10 within 30 minutes of analgesia administration"
+
+**Short-term goals**: within hours/days (acute care)
+**Long-term goals**: discharge and rehabilitation focused
+
+Document planned interventions and rationale.
+
+### I — Implementation
+**Purpose**: Carry out the planned interventions.
+
+Types of nursing interventions:
+- **Independent**: actions within nursing scope without medical order (e.g., repositioning, education)
+- **Dependent**: require medical order (e.g., medications, investigations)
+- **Collaborative/Interdependent**: with other health professionals (e.g., physiotherapy referral)
+
+Document all care delivered, responses, and changes.
+
+### E — Evaluation
+**Purpose**: Determine whether goals have been met and revise the plan.
+
+- Compare patient outcomes to the goals set in Planning
+- **Goal met**: document and continue
+- **Partially met**: identify barriers; modify interventions
+- **Not met**: reassess; revise nursing diagnosis and plan
+
+Evaluation is **continuous**, not just at discharge. ADPIE is cyclical — re-assessment triggers a new cycle.
+
+## Documentation in ADPIE
+All five steps must be documented in patient records per:
+- NMC Code (2018): accurate, contemporaneous records
+- Local trust policies and EPR systems
+- GDPR and Caldicott Principles (patient confidentiality)
+
+## Related Articles
+- [[ABCDE Assessment Framework]]
+- [[NANDA Nursing Diagnoses]]
+- [[Person-Centred Care]]
+- [[Documentation Standards]]
+
+## References
+- NMC (2018) *Future Nurse: Standards of Proficiency for Registered Nurses*. Platform 3.
+- Alfaro-LeFevre, R. (2019) *Critical Thinking, Clinical Reasoning, and Clinical Judgment*. 7th ed. Elsevier.
+""",
+        },
+        "nine_rights": {
+            "title": "The Nine Rights of Medication Administration",
+            "category": "pharmacology",
+            "tags": ["medication", "safety", "nine rights", "drug administration", "pharmacology"],
+            "last_updated": "2026-04-04",
+            "sources": ["built-in"],
+            "content": """# The Nine Rights of Medication Administration
+
+The **Nine Rights** (expanded from the traditional Five Rights) provide a framework for safe medication administration. They are a core component of **NMC Proficiency** and the **NMC Code**.
+
+## The Nine Rights
+
+### 1. Right Patient
+- Verify identity using at least **two identifiers**: name + date of birth (not bed number)
+- Check patient ID band against the prescription chart/EPR
+- Ask the patient to state their name and DOB (if conscious and able)
+- **Never** rely on verbal confirmation alone or room/bed location
+
+### 2. Right Drug (Medication)
+- Check the drug name against the prescription: beware **LASA** (Look-Alike Sound-Alike) drugs
+- Know the drug: indication, mechanism, therapeutic range
+- Check for allergies — cross-reference allergy record before administration
+- Confirm with BNF or local formulary if unsure
+
+### 3. Right Dose
+- Calculate the dose: **Dose = Desired / Have × Volume**
+- Verify dose is within normal therapeutic range
+- For high-alert medications (e.g., heparin, insulin), a second registered nurse must independently double-check
+- Weight-based dosing: confirm current weight; recalculate for paediatric patients
+
+### 4. Right Route
+- Confirm prescribed route (oral, IV, IM, SC, topical, inhaled, PR, etc.)
+- Ensure the formulation matches the route (e.g., never give oral solution intravenously)
+- Modified-release preparations must never be crushed
+
+### 5. Right Time
+- Administer at the correct prescribed time
+- Understand time-critical medications (e.g., antibiotics in sepsis within 1 hour, insulin, anticoagulants)
+- Document time of administration promptly
+
+### 6. Right Documentation
+- Record immediately after administration (not before)
+- Sign/initial the prescription chart or EPR at time of administration
+- If medication not given, document reason with appropriate code
+
+### 7. Right Reason
+- Understand *why* the patient is receiving this medication
+- Confirm the indication is still appropriate
+- Question prescriptions you do not understand — prescribers have a duty to explain
+
+### 8. Right Response
+- Monitor patient after administration for therapeutic effect and adverse reactions
+- Know expected onset and duration of action
+- Know the signs of adverse effects and anaphylaxis
+- Document patient response
+
+### 9. Right Refusal
+- Patients have the right to refuse medication (Mental Capacity Act 2005 / Gillick competence for children)
+- Document refusal clearly; inform the prescriber
+- Explore reasons for refusal; do not coerce
+
+## Double-Checking Policy
+High-alert medications typically require two registered nurses to independently:
+- Calculate the dose
+- Check the drug, concentration, route, and rate (for infusions)
+- Prepare and administer
+
+Refer to local trust policy for the list of drugs requiring double-checking.
+
+## Related Articles
+- [[ISMP High-Alert Medications]]
+- [[Drug Calculations]]
+- [[Mental Capacity Act 2005]]
+- [[Medication Safety - LASA Drugs]]
+- [[Anaphylaxis Management]]
+
+## References
+- NMC (2018) *Future Nurse: Standards of Proficiency*, Annexe B.
+- ISMP (2023) *List of High-Alert Medications*. ismp.org
+- BNF (current edition). bnf.nice.org.uk
+""",
+        },
+        "drug_calculations": {
+            "title": "Drug Calculations",
+            "category": "pharmacology",
+            "tags": ["drug calculations", "dosage", "iv rate", "weight-based", "maths"],
+            "last_updated": "2026-04-04",
+            "sources": ["built-in"],
+            "content": """# Drug Calculations
+
+Accurate drug calculations are a core NMC competency. All nurses must be able to perform these calculations safely and accurately.
+
+## Core Formulae
+
+### 1. Tablets / Capsules
+```
+Number of tablets = What you WANT ÷ What you HAVE
+```
+**Example**: Prescribed 75 mg, available 25 mg tablets → 75 ÷ 25 = **3 tablets**
+
+### 2. Liquid Oral / Injectable Medications
+```
+Volume to give = (What you WANT ÷ What you HAVE) × Volume of stock
+```
+**Example**: Prescribed 250 mg, available 500 mg/5 mL → (250 ÷ 500) × 5 = **2.5 mL**
+
+### 3. IV Drip Rate (Drops per Minute)
+```
+Drops per minute = (Volume (mL) × Drop factor) ÷ Time (minutes)
+```
+- Standard giving set: **20 drops/mL**
+- Blood/viscous fluids: **15 drops/mL**
+- Microdrop set: **60 drops/mL**
+
+**Example**: 1000 mL over 8 hours (480 min) using standard set → (1000 × 20) ÷ 480 = **41.7 ≈ 42 drops/min**
+
+### 4. IV Flow Rate (mL per Hour — for infusion pump)
+```
+Rate (mL/hr) = Volume (mL) ÷ Time (hours)
+```
+**Example**: 500 mL over 6 hours → 500 ÷ 6 = **83.3 mL/hr**
+
+### 5. Weight-Based Dosing
+```
+Dose = Prescribed dose (mg/kg) × Patient weight (kg)
+```
+**Example**: Prescribed 5 mg/kg, patient weighs 70 kg → 5 × 70 = **350 mg**
+
+### 6. Concentration / Infusion Rate
+```
+Rate (mL/hr) = [Dose (mcg/kg/min) × Weight (kg) × 60] ÷ Concentration (mcg/mL)
+```
+**Example**: Noradrenaline 0.1 mcg/kg/min, 80 kg patient, 4 mg in 50 mL (= 80 mcg/mL)
+→ (0.1 × 80 × 60) ÷ 80 = 480 ÷ 80 = **6 mL/hr**
+
+### 7. Percentage Concentrations
+- **w/v (weight in volume)**: grams per 100 mL → 0.9% NaCl = 0.9 g per 100 mL
+- **v/v (volume in volume)**: mL per 100 mL
+
+### 8. Unit Conversions
+| From | To | Multiply by |
+|------|----|-------------|
+| grams (g) | milligrams (mg) | × 1,000 |
+| milligrams (mg) | micrograms (mcg) | × 1,000 |
+| micrograms (mcg) | nanograms (ng) | × 1,000 |
+| litres (L) | millilitres (mL) | × 1,000 |
+
+**Always convert to the same units before calculating.**
+
+## Checking Your Answer
+1. Does it seem clinically reasonable? (e.g., >10 tablets is a red flag)
+2. For IV rates: cross-check by working backwards
+3. High-risk drugs: always have a second registered nurse independently verify
+
+## Common Errors to Avoid
+- Decimal point errors (e.g., 1.5 mg vs 15 mg)
+- Unit confusion (mg vs mcg — 1000× difference)
+- Miscalculating rate for variable-rate infusions (e.g., sliding scale insulin)
+- Using an incorrect patient weight (use current measured weight)
+
+## Paediatric Considerations
+- Always use **current weight** (weighed today, not estimated)
+- Use **Broselow tape** in emergencies for estimated weight
+- Paediatric doses are **always weight-based**
+- Maximum adult doses apply — never exceed even if calculation gives higher
+- Use paediatric BNF (BNFc) or local formulary
+
+## Related Articles
+- [[The Nine Rights of Medication Administration]]
+- [[ISMP High-Alert Medications]]
+- [[Insulin Administration]]
+- [[IV Therapy and Fluid Management]]
+
+## References
+- NMC (2018) *Future Nurse: Standards of Proficiency*, Annexe B.
+- BNF/BNFc (current edition). bnf.nice.org.uk / bnfc.nice.org.uk
+- Wright, K. (2009) *Drug calculations for nurses*. Nursing Standard 23(28): 35–40.
+""",
+        },
+        "pico_framework": {
+            "title": "PICO Framework for Evidence-Based Practice",
+            "category": "evidence",
+            "tags": ["pico", "ebp", "evidence", "research", "clinical question"],
+            "last_updated": "2026-04-04",
+            "sources": ["built-in"],
+            "content": """# PICO Framework for Evidence-Based Practice
+
+**PICO** is the structured format for formulating clinical questions to guide evidence searches. It is foundational to Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in nursing.
+
+## The PICO Components
+
+| Letter | Stands For | Question to Ask |
+|--------|-----------|-----------------|
+| **P** | Population / Patient / Problem | Who is the patient? What is the condition/problem? |
+| **I** | Intervention | What is the main intervention, treatment, or exposure? |
+| **C** | Comparison | What is the main alternative (if any)? |
+| **O** | Outcome | What are you trying to achieve or measure? |
+
+## Example PICO Question
+
+**Clinical scenario**: An elderly patient with a pressure ulcer on their heel. You wonder whether hydrocolloid dressings are better than foam dressings.
+
+| Component | Example |
+|-----------|---------|
+| P | Adults aged ≥65 with Category II pressure ulcers |
+| I | Hydrocolloid dressings |
+| C | Foam dressings |
+| O | Wound healing time, pain, infection rates |
+
+**PICO question**: "In adults aged ≥65 with Category II pressure ulcers (P), do hydrocolloid dressings (I) compared to foam dressings (C) reduce wound healing time and infection rates (O)?"
+
+## PICO Variations
+
+### PICOT (adding Time)
+- **T**: Time — over what period is the outcome measured?
+- Useful for longitudinal studies or time-sensitive outcomes
+
+### PICOS (adding Study design)
+- **S**: Study design — what type of study is most appropriate?
+- Useful when you want to specify RCT, cohort study, etc.
+
+### PEO (Qualitative questions)
+For qualitative research: **P**opulation, **E**xposure/Experience, **O**utcome
+- "What are the experiences (O) of patients with chronic pain (P) regarding acupuncture (E)?"
+
+## Using PICO for Database Searching
+
+1. Identify PICO components
+2. Generate **synonyms and MeSH terms** for each component
+3. Use **Boolean operators**: AND (between components), OR (between synonyms)
+4. Apply **filters**: date range, language, study type, human subjects
+
+**Search string example**:
+`("pressure ulcer" OR "pressure injury" OR "decubitus ulcer") AND ("hydrocolloid" OR "occlusive dressing") AND ("foam dressing") AND ("wound healing" OR "ulcer healing")`
+
+## Levels of Evidence (Melnyk Hierarchy)
+
+| Level | Study Type |
+|-------|-----------|
+| I | Systematic review / Meta-analysis of RCTs |
+| II | Well-designed RCT |
+| III | Controlled trial without randomisation |
+| IV | Case-control or cohort study |
+| V | Systematic review of descriptive/qualitative studies |
+| VI | Single descriptive or qualitative study |
+| VII | Expert opinion, clinical guidelines, consensus |
+
+Always seek the **highest level of evidence** available for your question.
+
+## Related Articles
+- [[Evidence-Based Practice - The Five Steps]]
+- [[Critical Appraisal Tools]]
+- [[Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis]]
+- [[Database Searching for Nursing Research]]
+
+## References
+- Melnyk, B.M. & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2019) *Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing & Healthcare*. 4th ed. Lippincott.
+- Richardson, W.S. et al. (1995) The well-built clinical question: a key to evidence-based decisions. ACP Journal Club 123(3): A12.
+""",
+        },
+        "person_centred_care": {
+            "title": "Person-Centred Care",
+            "category": "frameworks",
+            "tags": ["person-centred", "care", "framework", "mccormack", "dignity", "holistic"],
+            "last_updated": "2026-04-04",
+            "sources": ["built-in"],
+            "content": """# Person-Centred Care
+
+**Person-centred care** places the individual — their values, preferences, and goals — at the centre of all care decisions. It is a core principle of the NMC Code, NHS Long Term Plan (2019), and Health Education England frameworks.
+
+## Core Principles
+
+1. **Respect for individuality**: Recognise each person's unique needs, values, beliefs, and preferences
+2. **Shared decision-making**: Involve people in decisions about their own care; provide information to enable informed choice
+3. **Therapeutic relationship**: Build trust through empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard (Carl Rogers)
+4. **Holistic care**: Address physical, psychological, social, spiritual, and cultural needs
+5. **Continuity and coordination**: Ensure seamless care across settings and over time
+
+## McCormack & McCance Person-Centred Nursing Framework (2010, updated 2017)
+
+Four constructs:
+
+### 1. Prerequisites (Nurse Attributes)
+Professional competence, interpersonal skills, commitment to the job, clarity of beliefs and values, self-awareness.
+
+### 2. Care Environment
+Appropriate skill mix, shared decision-making systems, effective staff relationships, supportive organisational systems, physical environment.
+
+### 3. Person-Centred Processes
+- Working with the patient's beliefs and values
+- Engaging authentically
+- Being sympathetically present
+- Sharing decision-making
+- Providing holistic care
+
+### 4. Outcomes
+Patient satisfaction, involvement in care, feeling of well-being, therapeutic culture.
+
+## Six Cs of Nursing (NHS, 2012 — Compassion in Practice)
+
+| C | Definition |
+|---|-----------|
+| **Care** | Core business of nursing |
+| **Compassion** | Empathy; how care is delivered |
+| **Competence** | Technical and clinical skills + knowledge |
+| **Communication** | Effective, clear, respectful |
+| **Courage** | Doing the right thing; speaking up |
+| **Commitment** | To patients, profession, and outcomes |
+
+## Barriers to Person-Centred Care
+- Time pressures and high workloads
+- Hierarchical institutional culture
+- Lack of staff training in communication
+- Electronic systems that depersonalise care
+- Negative attitudes and burnout
+
+## Legal and Ethical Foundations
+- **Mental Capacity Act 2005**: Presumption of capacity; involve people in decisions; best interests if no capacity
+- **Human Rights Act 1998**: Article 8 (right to private and family life); Article 3 (freedom from degrading treatment)
+- **Equality Act 2010**: Nine protected characteristics; duty to make reasonable adjustments
+
+## Related Articles
+- [[The NMC Code]]
+- [[Mental Capacity Act 2005]]
+- [[Communication Skills in Nursing]]
+- [[ADPIE - The Nursing Process]]
+- [[Dignity in Care]]
+
+## References
+- McCormack, B. & McCance, T. (2017) *Person-Centred Practice in Nursing and Health Care*. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell.
+- NHS England (2019) *The NHS Long Term Plan*. NHS England.
+- Rogers, C. (1961) *On Becoming a Person*. Houghton Mifflin.
+""",
+        },
+        "mental_capacity_act": {
+            "title": "Mental Capacity Act 2005",
+            "category": "law",
+            "tags": ["mental capacity", "law", "mca", "consent", "best interests", "deprivation of liberty"],
+            "last_updated": "2026-04-04",
+            "sources": ["built-in"],
+            "content": """# Mental Capacity Act 2005
+
+The **Mental Capacity Act (MCA) 2005** is the legal framework for making decisions for people who may lack capacity to make decisions for themselves. It applies to everyone aged 16+ in England and Wales.
+
+## The Five Statutory Principles
+
+1. **A person must be assumed to have capacity** unless it is established otherwise
+2. **A person is not to be treated as unable to make a decision** unless all practicable steps to help them have been taken without success
+3. **A person is not to be treated as unable to make a decision** merely because they make an unwise decision
+4. **An act done or decision made** for a person who lacks capacity must be done in their **best interests**
+5. Before an act or decision is taken, regard must be had to whether the purpose can be as effectively achieved in a way that is **less restrictive** of the person's rights and freedom of action
+
+## Two-Stage Capacity Assessment
+
+### Stage 1: Is there an impairment or disturbance of mind or brain?
+- Dementia, brain injury, mental health condition, delirium, unconsciousness, intoxication
+- This is **time-specific** and **decision-specific**
+
+### Stage 2: Does the impairment affect their ability to make THIS decision?
+A person lacks capacity if they cannot do **one or more** of:
+- **Understand** the information relevant to the decision
+- **Retain** that information long enough to make the decision
+- **Use or weigh** the information as part of the decision-making process
+- **Communicate** the decision (by any means)
+
+**Document the assessment clearly in patient records.**
+
+## Best Interests Decision-Making
+
+When a person lacks capacity, decisions must be made in their **best interests**:
+- Consider the person's past and present wishes, feelings, values and beliefs
+- Consult carers, family members, and anyone named by the person
+- Consider less restrictive options
+- Hold a **best interests meeting** for complex decisions
+
+## Key Roles
+
+| Role | Who | Powers |
+|------|-----|--------|
+| **Lasting Power of Attorney (LPA)** | Appointed by person while capacitous | Health & welfare, property & finance (separate LPAs) |
+| **Court-Appointed Deputy** | Appointed by Court of Protection | Usually property/finance; rarely health |
+| **Independent Mental Capacity Advocate (IMCA)** | Statutory advocate | Serious medical treatment for unbefriended patients |
+
+## Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards (DoLS) / Liberty Protection Safeguards (LPS)
+
+People in care homes and hospitals who lack capacity may be **deprived of their liberty** only under legal authorisation:
+- **DoLS**: authorised by local authority; applies in care homes and hospitals
+- **LPS**: replacing DoLS (planned but delayed); applies wider settings
+- **Community Deprivation of Liberty**: requires Court of Protection order (Re X)
+
+## Advance Decisions
+
+- **Advance Decision to Refuse Treatment (ADRT)**: legally binding refusal of specific treatment in specific circumstances, made while capacitous
+- Must be in writing, signed, and witnessed for life-sustaining treatment
+- **Advance Statement**: preferences; not legally binding but must be considered in best interests
+
+## Related Articles
+- [[The NMC Code]]
+- [[Consent in Nursing]]
+- [[Person-Centred Care]]
+- [[Safeguarding Adults]]
+- [[Duty of Candour]]
+
+## References
+- Mental Capacity Act 2005. legislation.gov.uk
+- Department of Health (2005) *Mental Capacity Act Code of Practice*. The Stationery Office.
+- NMC (2018) *The Code*. Section 4.2.
+""",
+        },
+        "infection_control": {
+            "title": "Infection Prevention and Control",
+            "category": "safety",
+            "tags": ["infection control", "hand hygiene", "ppe", "standard precautions", "ipc", "hcai"],
+            "last_updated": "2026-04-04",
+            "sources": ["built-in"],
+            "content": """# Infection Prevention and Control
+
+Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) is a fundamental nursing responsibility. Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) affect 1 in 15 NHS patients at any time (NICE, 2014).
+
+## Standard Precautions (apply to ALL patients, ALL the time)
+
+Standard precautions assume that **all blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes** may be infectious.
+
+### 1. Hand Hygiene — The Single Most Important IPC Measure
+
+**WHO 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene:**
+1. **Before** patient contact
+2. **Before** a clean/aseptic procedure
+3. **After** body fluid exposure risk
+4. **After** patient contact
+5. **After** contact with patient surroundings
+
+**Technique:**
+- Alcohol-based handrub (ABHR): 20–30 seconds — preferred when hands are visibly clean
+- Soap and water: 40–60 seconds — mandatory when hands are visibly soiled, before eating, and after caring for patients with *Clostridioides difficile* or *norovirus*
+
+**Six-step technique** (Ayliffe method):
+1. Palm to palm
+2. Right palm over left dorsum (and vice versa)
+3. Palm to palm, fingers interlaced
+4. Backs of fingers to opposing palms (interlocked)
+5. Rotational rubbing of right thumb in left palm (and vice versa)
+6. Rotational rubbing of fingertips of right hand in left palm (and vice versa)
+
+Nails kept short, no nail varnish or artificial nails, no rings/watches/bracelets.
+
+### 2. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
+
+| Risk Level | Minimum PPE |
+|-----------|-------------|
+| Low risk (no contact with blood/body fluids) | Apron + gloves |
+| Splash risk (procedures, wound care) | Apron + gloves + fluid-resistant surgical mask + eye protection |
+| Aerosol Generating Procedure (AGP) | Gown + gloves + FFP3 respirator + eye protection |
+| Contact precautions (MRSA, VRE) | Apron + gloves (+ gown for high risk) |
+
+**Donning order**: Hand hygiene → gown → mask/respirator → eye protection → gloves
+**Doffing order**: Gloves → hand hygiene → gown/apron → eye protection → mask → hand hygiene
+
+### 3. Safe Management of Sharps
+- Never re-sheath needles
+- Dispose of sharps at point of use into sharps bin (not more than ¾ full)
+- Never pass sharps hand-to-hand
+- Report needlestick injuries immediately: first aid (encourage bleeding, wash with running water), complete incident form, occupational health
+
+### 4. Waste Management
+| Waste Type | Colour Code | Example |
+|-----------|-------------|---------|
+| Infectious clinical waste | Yellow | Dressings, PPE, used sharps |
+| Cytotoxic/cytostatic | Purple | Chemotherapy waste |
+| Domestic | Black/grey | Non-clinical waste |
+| Confidential | Black (with marking) | Patient records |
+| Sharps | Yellow sharps bin | All needles, blades |
+
+## Transmission-Based Precautions
+
+Applied **in addition to** standard precautions for specific organisms:
+
+| Route | Organisms | Additional Precautions |
+|-------|-----------|----------------------|
+| **Contact** | MRSA, VRE, *C. difficile*, scabies | Side room, dedicated equipment, gloves + apron |
+| **Droplet** | Influenza, meningococcal, streptococcal | Side room, surgical mask, gloves + apron |
+| **Airborne** | TB, measles, chickenpox, COVID-19 (AGP) | Negative pressure side room, FFP3 respirator |
+
+## Common HCAIs in the UK
+- **MRSA** (Meticillin-resistant *Staphylococcus aureus*) — skin, surgical wounds, bloodstream
+- **C. difficile** — antibiotic-associated diarrhoea; spore-forming; only soap and water (NOT ABHR)
+- **CAUTI** — catheter-associated urinary tract infection; minimise catheter use
+- **CLABSI** — central line-associated bloodstream infection; aseptic technique
+- **SSI** — surgical site infection; pre-op bundles
+
+## Chain of Infection
+
+Break **any** link to prevent infection:
+```
+Infectious agent → Reservoir → Portal of exit → Mode of transmission → Portal of entry → Susceptible host
+```
+
+## Related Articles
+- [[Hand Hygiene - WHO Technique]]
+- [[Catheter Care (CAUTI Prevention)]]
+- [[MRSA Management]]
+- [[C. difficile Management]]
+- [[Sepsis Recognition and Management]]
+
+## References
+- WHO (2009) *Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care*. WHO Press.
+- NICE (2014, updated 2017) *NG125: Healthcare-associated infections: prevention and control in primary and community care*.
+- NHS England (2022) *National Infection Prevention and Control Manual (NIPCM)*. england.nhs.uk
+""",
+        },
+        "duty_of_candour": {
+            "title": "Duty of Candour",
+            "category": "safety",
+            "tags": ["duty of candour", "candour", "openness", "transparency", "incident", "apology", "francis"],
+            "last_updated": "2026-04-04",
+            "sources": ["built-in"],
+            "content": """# Duty of Candour
+
+**Duty of Candour** is the professional and statutory obligation to be open and honest with patients when things go wrong. It was introduced following the **Francis Report (2013)** into Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust.
+
+## Two Layers of Duty
+
+### 1. Professional Duty (NMC, individual nurses)
+Under the **NMC Code (2018)**, all registered nurses must:
+- Act without delay if they believe that there is a risk to patient safety (clause 16)
+- Raise and escalate concerns immediately (clause 17)
+- Be open and honest and act with integrity (clause 23)
+- Be open and candid with the people in their care — including when things go wrong (clause 24)
+
+### 2. Statutory Duty (NHS organisations)
+Under **Regulation 20** of the Health and Social Care Act 2008 (Regulated Activities) Regulations 2014, NHS trusts must, as soon as reasonably practicable after a **notifiable safety incident**:
+1. Notify the patient (or their representative) in person
+2. Provide a written **apology** (an apology is not an admission of legal liability)
+3. Provide a truthful account of all that is known about the incident
+4. Explain what enquiries are being undertaken
+5. Follow up in writing
+
+## What is a Notifiable Safety Incident?
+An incident that, in the reasonable opinion of a registered professional, could result in (or has resulted in) **moderate harm, severe harm, prolonged psychological harm, or death**.
+
+## What Duty of Candour Requires in Practice
+
+1. **Tell the patient** what happened as soon as possible after the incident
+2. **Apologise**: "I am sorry this happened" — this is **not** an admission of liability
+3. Provide **truthful information** about what happened and what is being done
+4. **Do not mislead** patients — even by omission
+5. **Document** all communications with the patient regarding the incident
+6. **Support the patient** — identify what support is available
+
+## Barriers to Candour (why it sometimes fails)
+- Fear of litigation
+- Fear of disciplinary action
+- Institutional culture of blame
+- Lack of training in disclosure conversations
+- Hierarchy and power imbalances
+
+## Supporting Framework: SBAR + Datix
+- Use **SBAR** to escalate concerns
+- Complete a **Datix** (or equivalent incident report) contemporaneously
+- Involve the **PALS** (Patient Advice and Liaison Service) if appropriate
+
+## Related Articles
+- [[The NMC Code]]
+- [[Incident Reporting (Datix)]]
+- [[Patient Safety Culture]]
+- [[Safeguarding Adults]]
+
+## References
+- Francis, R. (2013) *Report of the Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust Public Inquiry*. The Stationery Office.
+- NMC (2018) *The Code*, clause 24.
+- CQC (2014) *Regulation 20: Duty of Candour*. legislation.gov.uk
+""",
+        },
+        "ebp_framework": {
+            "title": "Evidence-Based Practice — The Five Steps",
+            "category": "evidence",
+            "tags": ["ebp", "evidence-based", "clinical question", "pico", "research", "sackett"],
+            "last_updated": "2026-04-04",
+            "sources": ["built-in"],
+            "content": """# Evidence-Based Practice — The Five Steps
+
+**Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)** is "the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients" (Sackett et al., 1996). It integrates:
+- **Best available external evidence** (research)
+- **Clinical expertise** (professional judgement)
+- **Patient preferences and values**
+
+## The Five-Step EBP Process
+
+### Step 1: Ask — Formulate the Clinical Question
+Convert the clinical problem into a searchable, answerable question using **PICO** (or PICOT/PEO for qualitative questions).
+
+**Example**: "In adults with type 2 diabetes (P), does structured self-management education (I) compared to standard care (C) improve glycaemic control (HbA1c) (O) over 12 months (T)?"
+
+### Step 2: Acquire — Search for Evidence
+Search databases systematically:
+- **MEDLINE/PubMed** (biomedical literature)
+- **CINAHL** (nursing and allied health)
+- **Cochrane Library** (systematic reviews)
+- **NICE Evidence** (clinical guidelines)
+- **BNF** (pharmacological evidence)
+- **NHS Evidence / OpenAthens**
+
+Apply filters: date, language, study type, human subjects.
+
+### Step 3: Appraise — Critical Appraisal
+Evaluate the evidence for **validity, importance, and applicability**:
+- **CASP tools** (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme): RCT checklist, systematic review checklist, qualitative checklist
+- **GRADE framework**: quality of evidence — High / Moderate / Low / Very Low
+- **Cochrane Risk of Bias tool** (for RCTs)
+- **Newcastle-Ottawa Scale** (for cohort/case-control studies)
+
+Key appraisal questions:
+1. Is the study design appropriate for the question?
+2. Are the methods valid and the results reliable?
+3. What are the results, and are they clinically significant?
+4. Are the results applicable to my patient?
+
+### Step 4: Apply — Integrate Evidence with Clinical Expertise and Patient Values
+- Integrate the evidence with your clinical experience
+- Discuss evidence with the patient: their preferences, circumstances, and values must be considered
+- Consider local factors: resources, trust protocols, patient population
+- Share decision-making
+
+### Step 5: Evaluate — Assess the Outcome
+- Monitor patient outcomes after applying the evidence
+- Audit clinical practice against the evidence
+- Share findings with colleagues (clinical governance, journal clubs)
+- Feed back into the EBP cycle
+
+## Levels of Evidence
+See [[PICO Framework]] for Melnyk's seven-level hierarchy.
+
+## EBP in the NMC Standards
+- **Platform 1** (Accountable Professional): practise in line with best available evidence
+- **Platform 3** (Assessment): use evidence-based assessment tools
+- **Platform 6** (Safety & Quality): contribute to clinical audit and quality improvement
+
+## Related Articles
+- [[PICO Framework for Evidence-Based Practice]]
+- [[Critical Appraisal Tools (CASP)]]
+- [[Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis]]
+- [[Clinical Guidelines — NICE, SIGN, BTS]]
+
+## References
+- Sackett, D.L. et al. (1996) Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn't. BMJ 312: 71–72.
+- Melnyk, B.M. & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2019) *Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing & Healthcare*. 4th ed. Lippincott.
+- CASP (2022) *Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklists*. casp-uk.net
+""",
+        },
+        "safeguarding": {
+            "title": "Safeguarding Adults and Children",
+            "category": "law",
+            "tags": ["safeguarding", "abuse", "neglect", "children", "adults", "law", "section 47"],
+            "last_updated": "2026-04-04",
+            "sources": ["built-in"],
+            "content": """# Safeguarding Adults and Children
+
+Safeguarding is everyone's responsibility. Nurses have a statutory and professional duty to recognise, report, and respond to abuse and neglect.
+
+## Safeguarding Adults
+
+### Legal Framework
+- **Care Act 2014**: Local authorities have a duty to investigate safeguarding concerns for adults at risk
+- **Care and Support Statutory Guidance (2014, updated 2023)**
+- **Mental Capacity Act 2005**: Protects people who lack capacity
+
+### Who is an Adult at Risk?
+An adult (18+) who:
+- Has care and support needs (regardless of whether they receive services)
+- Is experiencing, or is at risk of, abuse or neglect
+- Cannot protect themselves because of their care and support needs
+
+### Types of Abuse (Care Act 2014)
+1. Physical abuse
+2. Domestic violence/abuse
+3. Sexual abuse
+4. Psychological/emotional abuse
+5. Financial/material abuse
+6. Modern slavery
+7. Discriminatory abuse
+8. Organisational/institutional abuse
+9. Neglect and acts of omission
+10. Self-neglect
+
+### The Six Principles of Adult Safeguarding
+**Empowerment, Prevention, Proportionality, Protection, Partnership, Accountability**
+
+### Making a Safeguarding Referral (Adults)
+1. Identify concern — use SBAR to articulate
+2. Inform your manager/senior immediately
+3. Do not investigate yourself
+4. Make a referral to the local authority safeguarding team
+5. Document the concern clearly and factually
+6. If immediate danger: call 999 first
+
+## Safeguarding Children
+
+### Legal Framework
+- **Children Act 1989**: "Children's welfare is paramount"
+- **Children Act 2004**: Section 11 — duty to cooperate to safeguard children
+- **Working Together to Safeguard Children (2023)**: Multi-agency guidance
+- **Keeping Children Safe in Education (2023)**
+
+### Categories of Abuse (Children)
+1. Physical abuse
+2. Emotional abuse
+3. Sexual abuse
+4. Neglect
+
+### Child Protection Process
+1. **Concern**: Nurse identifies signs/disclosure of abuse
+2. **Report**: Immediately to Named Nurse for Safeguarding or manager
+3. **Section 47 enquiry**: Local authority + police investigate (if child at risk of significant harm)
+4. **Child Protection Conference**: Multi-agency decision
+5. **Child Protection Plan**: If child needs ongoing protection
+
+### Signs of Abuse — General Indicators
+- Unexplained injuries or bruising inconsistent with explanation
+- Changes in behaviour (withdrawal, aggression, fearfulness)
+- Disclosure — always take seriously and never promise confidentiality
+- Signs of neglect (poor hygiene, hunger, inappropriate clothing)
+- Sexualised behaviour beyond developmental stage
+
+## What to Do If Someone Discloses
+
+1. **Listen** — do not interrupt or ask leading questions
+2. **Believe** — take the disclosure seriously
+3. **Reassure** — tell them they were right to tell you
+4. **Explain confidentiality limits** — you must share information to protect them
+5. **Report immediately** — inform manager/senior; make a safeguarding referral
+6. **Document** — verbatim what was said, using the person's own words
+7. **Do not investigate or confront** the alleged abuser
+
+## Related Articles
+- [[The NMC Code]]
+- [[Mental Capacity Act 2005]]
+- [[Duty of Candour]]
+- [[GDPR and Patient Confidentiality]]
+
+## References
+- Care Act 2014. legislation.gov.uk
+- HM Government (2023) *Working Together to Safeguard Children*. gov.uk
+- NMC (2018) *The Code*, clause 17.
+""",
+        },
+    },
+    "log": [
+        "## [2026-04-04] system | Nursing Knowledge Base initialised with 14 starter articles across 6 categories."
+    ],
+    "index_summary": """# Nursing Knowledge Base — Index
+
+This wiki covers core nursing knowledge aligned with NMC Standards of Proficiency (2018).
+
+## Categories
+
+### standards
+- **[[The NMC Code]]** — Four themes: prioritise people, practise effectively, preserve safety, promote professionalism
+- **[[NMC Standards of Proficiency 2018]]** — Seven platforms + Annexes A and B; registration requirements
+
+### clinical
+- **[[ABCDE Assessment Framework]]** — Systematic approach: Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure
+- **[[NEWS2 - National Early Warning Score]]** — Seven-parameter early warning score; escalation thresholds
+- **[[ADPIE - The Nursing Process]]** — Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
+
+### pharmacology
+- **[[The Nine Rights of Medication Administration]]** — Patient, Drug, Dose, Route, Time, Documentation, Reason, Response, Refusal
+- **[[Drug Calculations]]** — Tablets, liquids, IV rate, drip rate, weight-based, concentration formulae
+
+### evidence
+- **[[PICO Framework for Evidence-Based Practice]]** — Formulating clinical questions; Melnyk evidence hierarchy
+- **[[Evidence-Based Practice — The Five Steps]]** — Ask, Acquire, Appraise, Apply, Evaluate (Sackett)
+
+### frameworks
+- **[[Person-Centred Care]]** — McCormack & McCance framework; Six Cs; MCA, Human Rights Act
+
+### safety
+- **[[Infection Prevention and Control]]** — Standard precautions, hand hygiene (5 moments), PPE, transmission routes
+- **[[Duty of Candour]]** — Professional and statutory duty; Francis Report; what to say and do
+
+### law
+- **[[Mental Capacity Act 2005]]** — Five principles, two-stage capacity test, best interests, DoLS/LPS
+- **[[Safeguarding Adults and Children]]** — Care Act 2014, Children Act 1989, types of abuse, referral processes
+""",
+    "sources": {},
+    "metadata": {
+        "created": "2026-04-04",
+        "version": "1.0",
+        "article_count": 14,
+        "organisation": "Nursing Citizen Development Organisation",
+    },
+}
+
+
+def get_starter_wiki():
+    """Return a deep copy of the starter wiki."""
+    import copy
+    return copy.deepcopy(STARTER_WIKI)