"""
Document and Page Caching

File-based caching for rendered pages and processing results.
Supports LRU eviction and configurable storage backends.
"""

import hashlib
import json
import logging
import os
import pickle
import shutil
import time
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, TypeVar, Union

import numpy as np
from PIL import Image

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

T = TypeVar("T")


@dataclass
class CacheConfig:
    """Configuration for document cache."""

    cache_dir: Path = field(default_factory=lambda: Path.home() / ".cache" / "sparknet" / "documents")
    max_size_gb: float = 10.0
    ttl_hours: float = 168.0  # 7 days
    enabled: bool = True
    compression: bool = True

    def __post_init__(self):
        self.cache_dir = Path(self.cache_dir)


@dataclass
class CacheEntry:
    """Metadata for a cached item."""

    key: str
    path: Path
    size_bytes: int
    created_at: float
    last_accessed: float
    ttl_hours: float
    metadata: Dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)

    @property
    def is_expired(self) -> bool:
        """Check if entry has expired."""
        age_hours = (time.time() - self.created_at) / 3600
        return age_hours > self.ttl_hours


class DocumentCache:
    """
    File-based cache for document processing results.

    Features:
    - LRU eviction when cache exceeds max size
    - TTL-based expiration
    - Separate namespaces for different data types
    - Compressed storage option
    """

    NAMESPACES = ["pages", "ocr", "layout", "chunks", "metadata"]

    def __init__(self, config: Optional[CacheConfig] = None):
        self.config = config or CacheConfig()
        self._index: Dict[str, CacheEntry] = {}
        self._index_path: Optional[Path] = None

        if self.config.enabled:
            self._init_cache_dir()
            self._load_index()

    def _init_cache_dir(self) -> None:
        """Initialize cache directory structure."""
        self.config.cache_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

        for namespace in self.NAMESPACES:
            (self.config.cache_dir / namespace).mkdir(exist_ok=True)

        self._index_path = self.config.cache_dir / "index.json"

    def _load_index(self) -> None:
        """Load cache index from disk."""
        if self._index_path and self._index_path.exists():
            try:
                with open(self._index_path, "r") as f:
                    data = json.load(f)

                for key, entry_data in data.items():
                    entry = CacheEntry(
                        key=entry_data["key"],
                        path=Path(entry_data["path"]),
                        size_bytes=entry_data["size_bytes"],
                        created_at=entry_data["created_at"],
                        last_accessed=entry_data["last_accessed"],
                        ttl_hours=entry_data.get("ttl_hours", self.config.ttl_hours),
                        metadata=entry_data.get("metadata", {})
                    )
                    self._index[key] = entry
            except Exception as e:
                logger.warning(f"Failed to load cache index: {e}")
                self._index = {}

    def _save_index(self) -> None:
        """Save cache index to disk."""
        if not self._index_path:
            return

        try:
            data = {}
            for key, entry in self._index.items():
                data[key] = {
                    "key": entry.key,
                    "path": str(entry.path),
                    "size_bytes": entry.size_bytes,
                    "created_at": entry.created_at,
                    "last_accessed": entry.last_accessed,
                    "ttl_hours": entry.ttl_hours,
                    "metadata": entry.metadata
                }

            with open(self._index_path, "w") as f:
                json.dump(data, f)
        except Exception as e:
            logger.warning(f"Failed to save cache index: {e}")

    def _generate_key(
        self,
        doc_path: Union[str, Path],
        namespace: str,
        *args,
        **kwargs
    ) -> str:
        """Generate a unique cache key."""
        doc_path = Path(doc_path)

        # Include file modification time for cache invalidation
        try:
            mtime = doc_path.stat().st_mtime
        except OSError:
            mtime = 0

        key_parts = [
            str(doc_path.absolute()),
            str(mtime),
            namespace,
            *[str(a) for a in args],
            *[f"{k}={v}" for k, v in sorted(kwargs.items())]
        ]

        key_str = "|".join(key_parts)
        return hashlib.sha256(key_str.encode()).hexdigest()

    def _get_cache_path(self, key: str, namespace: str, ext: str = ".pkl") -> Path:
        """Get file path for a cache entry."""
        return self.config.cache_dir / namespace / f"{key}{ext}"

    def _get_total_size(self) -> int:
        """Get total cache size in bytes."""
        return sum(entry.size_bytes for entry in self._index.values())

    def _evict_if_needed(self, required_bytes: int = 0) -> None:
        """Evict entries if cache exceeds max size."""
        max_bytes = self.config.max_size_gb * 1024 * 1024 * 1024
        current_size = self._get_total_size()

        if current_size + required_bytes <= max_bytes:
            return

        # Sort by last accessed (LRU)
        entries = sorted(
            self._index.values(),
            key=lambda e: e.last_accessed
        )

        # Evict until we have enough space
        for entry in entries:
            if current_size + required_bytes <= max_bytes:
                break

            self._delete_entry(entry.key)
            current_size -= entry.size_bytes

    def _delete_entry(self, key: str) -> None:
        """Delete a cache entry."""
        if key not in self._index:
            return

        entry = self._index[key]
        try:
            if entry.path.exists():
                entry.path.unlink()
        except Exception as e:
            logger.warning(f"Failed to delete cache file: {e}")

        del self._index[key]

    def _cleanup_expired(self) -> int:
        """Remove expired entries. Returns number removed."""
        expired_keys = [
            key for key, entry in self._index.items()
            if entry.is_expired
        ]

        for key in expired_keys:
            self._delete_entry(key)

        if expired_keys:
            self._save_index()

        return len(expired_keys)

    # Public API

    def get_page_image(
        self,
        doc_path: Union[str, Path],
        page_number: int,
        dpi: int = 200
    ) -> Optional[np.ndarray]:
        """Get cached page image."""
        if not self.config.enabled:
            return None

        key = self._generate_key(doc_path, "pages", page_number, dpi=dpi)

        if key not in self._index:
            return None

        entry = self._index[key]
        if entry.is_expired:
            self._delete_entry(key)
            return None

        try:
            # Load image
            img = Image.open(entry.path)
            arr = np.array(img)

            # Update access time
            entry.last_accessed = time.time()
            self._save_index()

            return arr
        except Exception as e:
            logger.warning(f"Failed to load cached page: {e}")
            self._delete_entry(key)
            return None

    def set_page_image(
        self,
        doc_path: Union[str, Path],
        page_number: int,
        image: np.ndarray,
        dpi: int = 200
    ) -> bool:
        """Cache a page image."""
        if not self.config.enabled:
            return False

        key = self._generate_key(doc_path, "pages", page_number, dpi=dpi)
        cache_path = self._get_cache_path(key, "pages", ".png")

        try:
            # Convert and save
            img = Image.fromarray(image)

            # Estimate size
            estimated_size = image.nbytes // 10  # PNG compression

            self._evict_if_needed(estimated_size)

            # Save image
            img.save(cache_path, format="PNG", optimize=self.config.compression)

            # Create index entry
            entry = CacheEntry(
                key=key,
                path=cache_path,
                size_bytes=cache_path.stat().st_size,
                created_at=time.time(),
                last_accessed=time.time(),
                ttl_hours=self.config.ttl_hours,
                metadata={"page": page_number, "dpi": dpi}
            )
            self._index[key] = entry
            self._save_index()

            return True
        except Exception as e:
            logger.warning(f"Failed to cache page image: {e}")
            return False

    def get(
        self,
        doc_path: Union[str, Path],
        namespace: str,
        *args,
        **kwargs
    ) -> Optional[Any]:
        """Get a cached object."""
        if not self.config.enabled:
            return None

        key = self._generate_key(doc_path, namespace, *args, **kwargs)

        if key not in self._index:
            return None

        entry = self._index[key]
        if entry.is_expired:
            self._delete_entry(key)
            return None

        try:
            with open(entry.path, "rb") as f:
                data = pickle.load(f)

            entry.last_accessed = time.time()
            self._save_index()

            return data
        except Exception as e:
            logger.warning(f"Failed to load cached object: {e}")
            self._delete_entry(key)
            return None

    def set(
        self,
        doc_path: Union[str, Path],
        namespace: str,
        value: Any,
        *args,
        **kwargs
    ) -> bool:
        """Cache an object."""
        if not self.config.enabled:
            return False

        key = self._generate_key(doc_path, namespace, *args, **kwargs)
        cache_path = self._get_cache_path(key, namespace, ".pkl")

        try:
            # Serialize and estimate size
            data = pickle.dumps(value)
            self._evict_if_needed(len(data))

            # Save
            with open(cache_path, "wb") as f:
                f.write(data)

            entry = CacheEntry(
                key=key,
                path=cache_path,
                size_bytes=len(data),
                created_at=time.time(),
                last_accessed=time.time(),
                ttl_hours=self.config.ttl_hours
            )
            self._index[key] = entry
            self._save_index()

            return True
        except Exception as e:
            logger.warning(f"Failed to cache object: {e}")
            return False

    def invalidate_document(self, doc_path: Union[str, Path]) -> int:
        """Invalidate all cache entries for a document. Returns count removed."""
        doc_path = Path(doc_path).absolute()
        doc_str = str(doc_path)

        keys_to_remove = []
        for key, entry in self._index.items():
            # Check metadata for document path
            if entry.metadata.get("doc_path") == doc_str:
                keys_to_remove.append(key)

        for key in keys_to_remove:
            self._delete_entry(key)

        if keys_to_remove:
            self._save_index()

        return len(keys_to_remove)

    def clear(self) -> None:
        """Clear entire cache."""
        if self.config.cache_dir.exists():
            shutil.rmtree(self.config.cache_dir)

        self._index = {}
        self._init_cache_dir()

    def get_stats(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """Get cache statistics."""
        total_size = self._get_total_size()
        return {
            "enabled": self.config.enabled,
            "total_entries": len(self._index),
            "total_size_bytes": total_size,
            "total_size_mb": total_size / (1024 * 1024),
            "max_size_gb": self.config.max_size_gb,
            "utilization_percent": (total_size / (self.config.max_size_gb * 1024 * 1024 * 1024)) * 100,
            "cache_dir": str(self.config.cache_dir),
            "namespaces": {
                ns: sum(1 for e in self._index.values() if ns in str(e.path))
                for ns in self.NAMESPACES
            }
        }


# Global cache instance
_global_cache: Optional[DocumentCache] = None


def get_document_cache(config: Optional[CacheConfig] = None) -> DocumentCache:
    """Get or create global document cache."""
    global _global_cache

    if _global_cache is None or config is not None:
        _global_cache = DocumentCache(config)

    return _global_cache


def cached_page(
    cache: Optional[DocumentCache] = None,
    dpi: int = 200
) -> Callable:
    """
    Decorator for caching page rendering results.

    Usage:
        @cached_page(cache, dpi=200)
        def render_page(doc_path, page_number):
            # ... rendering logic
            return image_array
    """
    def decorator(func: Callable) -> Callable:
        def wrapper(doc_path: Union[str, Path], page_number: int, *args, **kwargs):
            _cache = cache or get_document_cache()

            # Try cache first
            cached = _cache.get_page_image(doc_path, page_number, dpi)
            if cached is not None:
                return cached

            # Compute and cache
            result = func(doc_path, page_number, *args, **kwargs)

            if result is not None:
                _cache.set_page_image(doc_path, page_number, result, dpi)

            return result

        return wrapper
    return decorator