{
 "approved_by_author": "\u231b",
 "citation": "Lu, Ake T., et al. \"DNA methylation GrimAge strongly predicts lifespan and healthspan.\" Aging (Albany NY) 11 (2019): 303\u2013327.",
 "citations": 2610,
 "citations_date": "2026-07-05",
 "clock_name": "grimage",
 "data_type": "DNA methylation",
 "doi": "https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.101684",
 "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)",
 "last_author": "Steve Horvath",
 "model_type": "two-stage elastic net + Cox regression",
 "n_features": 1032,
 "notes": "Age-calibrated mortality-risk estimator built in two stages from DNAm surrogates for plasma proteins and smoking pack-years, chronological age, and sex.",
 "platform": [
  "Illumina 450K"
 ],
 "population": "adults",
 "postprocess": "cox_to_years",
 "predicts": [
  "mortality risk"
 ],
 "reference_values": true,
 "research_only": true,
 "species": "Homo sapiens",
 "tissue": [
  "whole blood"
 ],
 "training_target": [
  "mortality"
 ],
 "unit": [
  "years"
 ],
 "version": "0.5.0",
 "year": 2019
}