---
library_name: peft
pipeline_tag: text-generation
base_model: Qwen/Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct
license: mit
tags:
  - co-lmlm
  - annotation
  - lora
---

# CoLMLM-Question-Generator

The **question generator** used to build the training corpora for
[**Co-LMLM: Continuous-Query Limited Memory Language Models**](https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.07707).

Co-LMLM is trained on text in which each factual span carries the question it answers. Producing
those questions with a frontier LLM is far too expensive to run over a pretraining-scale corpus, so
this model distills that step: given a document whose fact spans are already marked and numbered,
and the id of one of them, it emits the question that span answers plus a paraphrased answer.

It is the second stage of a two-stage annotation pipeline. The first stage,
[CoLMLM-Fact-Span-Annotator](https://huggingface.co/lil-lab/CoLMLM-Fact-Span-Annotator), marks the
spans this model is asked about.

This repository contains a **LoRA adapter**, not a standalone model — the base weights are loaded
from `Qwen/Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct` at inference time.

## Model details

|                     |                                                                                                       |
| ------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Base model          | [`Qwen/Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct`](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct)                         |
| Adaptation          | LoRA, r=64, α=64, dropout 0.05, on all linear projections (`q,k,v,o,gate,up,down`)                       |
| Also trained        | embeddings for the 8 added annotation tokens (`<FACT>`, `</FACT>`, `<FACT_ID>`, `<QUESTION>`, `</QUESTION>`, `<ANSWER>`, `</ANSWER>`, `<DOC_SEP>`) |
| Precision           | bfloat16                                                                                                 |
| Sequence length     | 8192 tokens                                                                                              |

## Prompt format

The user message is the numbered document, then `<DOC_SEP>`, then the question for one fact id.
The chat template is Qwen's default (no system prompt is supplied, so Qwen's default system block
is used — matching training).

```
<document with <FACT>N<FACT_ID>span</FACT> tags><DOC_SEP>

What are the question and paraphrased answer for <FACT>N<FACT_ID>?
```

The model responds with `<QUESTION>...</QUESTION><ANSWER>...</ANSWER>`.

## Usage

For more details and the full annotation pipeline, see the code repository:

👉 **[github.com/lil-lab/Co-LMLM](https://github.com/lil-lab/Co-LMLM)**

Standalone:

```python
import torch
from peft import PeftModel
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer

adapter_id = "lil-lab/CoLMLM-Question-Generator"
base_id = "Qwen/Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct"

tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(adapter_id)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(base_id, dtype=torch.bfloat16)
model = PeftModel.from_pretrained(model, adapter_id).eval()

context = ("Marie Curie was born in <FACT>1<FACT_ID>Warsaw</FACT> in "
           "<FACT>2<FACT_ID>1867</FACT> and won <FACT>3<FACT_ID>two</FACT> Nobel Prizes.")
fact_id = 1

user = (f"{context}<DOC_SEP>\n\n"
        f"What are the question and paraphrased answer for <FACT>{fact_id}<FACT_ID>?\n")
prompt = tokenizer.apply_chat_template([{"role": "user", "content": user}],
                                       add_generation_prompt=True, tokenize=False)

inputs = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)
with torch.no_grad():
    output = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=64, do_sample=False)
print(tokenizer.decode(output[0, inputs["input_ids"].shape[1]:], skip_special_tokens=False))
# <QUESTION>Where was Marie Curie born?</QUESTION><ANSWER>Warsaw</ANSWER><|im_end|>
```

This model is part of the [**Co-LMLM** collection](https://huggingface.co/collections/lil-lab/co-lmlm-6a4e8216d55eae83af348f57).

## Citation

```bibtex
@misc{feldman2026colmlmcontinuousquerylimitedmemory,
      title={Co-LMLM: Continuous-Query Limited Memory Language Models},
      author={Yair Feldman and Linxi Zhao and Nathan Godey and Dongyoung Go and Yilun Hua and Kilian Q. Weinberger and Jennifer J. Sun and Yoav Artzi},
      year={2026},
      eprint={2607.07707},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.07707},
}
```