scripts/data_ext7.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""SecureCodePairs v1.2.0 extension records (part 7): cross-language deepen (SCP-000241+).

Deepens Ruby/C/C++/Scala/Go/JS/TS/C#/PHP/Rust/Kotlin/Swift/YAML with more
classes and domains. Built with json-safe helpers.
"""
import json
from typing import List, Dict

L: List[Dict] = []


def rec(**kw):
    L.append(kw)


# ---------------- Ruby (SCP-000241 - 000255) ----------------
rec(id="SCP-000241", language="Ruby", framework="Rails",
    title="Mass assignment via update_attributes",
    description="A Rails controller updates all params including admin flag.",
    owasp="A04:2021 - Insecure Design", owasp_api="API3:2023 - Broken Object Property Level Authorization", owasp_llm="",
    cwe="CWE-915", mitre_attack="T1190 - Exploit Public-Facing Application",
    severity="High", difficulty="Beginner",
    vulnerable_code='def update\n  @user.update_attributes(params[:user])  # Vulnerable: binds admin\nend',
    secure_code='def update\n  @user.update_attributes(params.require(:user).permit(:name, :email))  # Secure\nend',
    patch='--- a/users_controller.rb\n+++ b/users_controller.rb\n@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n-def update\n  @user.update_attributes(params[:user])\n+  @user.update_attributes(params.require(:user).permit(:name, :email))\n end',
    root_cause="All params bound to model.",
    attack="POST user[admin]=1 escalates.", impact="Privilege escalation.",
    fix="Use strong parameters.", guideline="Always permit explicit params.",
    tags=["mass-assignment", "rails", "ruby", "auth"],
    metadata={"domain": "E-commerce", "input_source": "request_body", "auth_required": True})

rec(id="SCP-000242", language="Ruby", framework="Rails",
    title="Command injection via backticks",
    description="A Rails task runs a shell command via backticks with user input.",
    owasp="A03:2021 - Injection", owasp_api="", owasp_llm="",
    cwe="CWE-78", mitre_attack="T1059 - Command and Scripting Interpreter",
    severity="High", difficulty="Beginner",
    vulnerable_code='def ping(host)\n  `\u0060ping -c1 #{host}\u0060`  # Vulnerable: shell interpolation\nend',
    secure_code='def ping(host)\n  raise "bad host" unless host.match?(/\\A[\\w.-]+\\z/)\n  system("ping", "-c1", host)  # Secure: arg array\nend',
    patch='--- a/ping.rb\n+++ b/ping.rb\n@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@\n-def ping(host)\n  `\u0060ping -c1 #{host}\u0060`\n+  raise "bad host" unless host.match?(/\\A[\\w.-]+\\z/)\n+  system("ping", "-c1", host)',
    root_cause="Shell interpolation of user input.",
    attack="host=;cat /etc/passwd executes.", impact="Command injection.",
    fix="Use system() with arg array.",
    guideline="Avoid shell interpolation in Ruby.",
    tags=["command-injection", "rails", "ruby", "rce"],
    metadata={"domain": "IoT", "input_source": "query_param", "auth_required": False})

rec(id="SCP-000243", language="Ruby", framework="Rails",
    title="Insecure comparison of session token",
    description="A Rails app compares tokens with == allowing timing attacks.",
    owasp="A02:2021 - Cryptographic Failures", owasp_api="", owasp_llm="",
    cwe="CWE-208", mitre_attack="T1600 - Weaken Encryption",
    severity="Low", difficulty="Intermediate",
    vulnerable_code='def valid?(t); t == session[:token]; end  # Vulnerable: timing',
    secure_code='def valid?(t)\n  ActiveSupport::SecurityUtils.secure_compare(t, session[:token])  # Secure\nend',
    patch='--- a/session.rb\n+++ b/session.rb\n@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@\n-def valid?(t); t == session[:token]; end\n+def valid?(t)\n+  ActiveSupport::SecurityUtils.secure_compare(t, session[:token])\n+end',
    root_cause="Non-constant-time comparison.",
    attack="Brute-force token via timing.", impact="Token recovery.",
    fix="Use secure_compare.", guideline="Use constant-time comparison.",
    tags=["crypto", "rails", "ruby", "timing"],
    metadata={"domain": "Authentication systems", "input_source": "cookie", "auth_required": False})

rec(id="SCP-000244", language="Ruby", framework="Rails",
    title="Path traversal in send_file",
    description="A Rails controller serves a file from a user path.",
    owasp="A01:2021 - Broken Access Control", owasp_api="", owasp_llm="",
    cwe="CWE-22", mitre_attack="T1190 - Exploit Public-Facing Application",
    severity="High", difficulty="Intermediate",
    vulnerable_code='def download\n  send_file("/uploads/#{params[:name]}")  # Vulnerable: traversal\nend',
    secure_code='def download\n  name = File.basename(params[:name])\n  path = Rails.root.join("uploads", name)\n  raise "no" unless path.to_s.start_with?(Rails.root.join("uploads").to_s)\n  send_file(path)  # Secure\nend',
    patch='--- a/files_controller.rb\n+++ b/files_controller.rb\n@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@\n-def download\n  send_file("/uploads/#{params[:name]}")\n+  name = File.basename(params[:name])\n+  path = Rails.root.join("uploads", name)\n+  raise "no" unless path.to_s.start_with?(Rails.root.join("uploads").to_s)\n+  send_file(path)',
    root_cause="Unsanitized filename joined to path.",
    attack="name=../../config/secrets.yml reads secret.", impact="File disclosure.",
    fix="Basename + confine to base.", guideline="Confine file paths.",
    tags=["path-traversal", "rails", "ruby", "file-read"],
    metadata={"domain": "Backend", "input_source": "query_param", "auth_required": False})

rec(id="SCP-000245", language="Ruby", framework="Rails",
    title="SQL injection in find_by with raw SQL",
    description="A Rails model uses a raw SQL fragment with user input.",
    owasp="A03:2021 - Injection", owasp_api="", owasp_llm="",
    cwe="CWE-89", mitre_attack="T1190 - Exploit Public-Facing Application",
    severity="High", difficulty="Intermediate",
    vulnerable_code='def self.search(q)\n  where("name LIKE \u0027%#{q}%\u0027")  # Vulnerable\nend',
    secure_code='def self.search(q)\n  where("name LIKE ?", "%#{q}%")  # Secure: bound\nend',
    patch='--- a/user.rb\n+++ b/user.rb\n@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n-def self.search(q)\n  where("name LIKE \u0027%#{q}%\u0027")\n+  where("name LIKE ?", "%#{q}%")',
    root_cause="String interpolation into SQL.",
    attack="q=%\u0027 OR 1=1 leaks rows.", impact="Data disclosure.",
    fix="Use bound params.", guideline="Bind all SQL params.",
    tags=["sqli", "rails", "ruby", "injection"],
    metadata={"domain": "E-commerce", "input_source": "query_param", "auth_required": False})

rec(id="SCP-000246", language="Ruby", framework="Rails",
    title="Open redirect in redirect_to",
    description="A Rails action redirects to a param without validation.",
    owasp="A01:2021 - Broken Access Control", owasp_api="", owasp_llm="",
    cwe="CWE-601", mitre_attack="T1566 - Phishing",
    severity="Medium", difficulty="Beginner",
    vulnerable_code='def go\n  redirect_to params[:url]  # Vulnerable\nend',
    secure_code='def go\n  url = params[:url]\n  redirect_to (url if url&.start_with?("/")) || root_path  # Secure\nend',
    patch='--- a/links_controller.rb\n+++ b/links_controller.rb\n@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@\n-def go\n  redirect_to params[:url]\n+  url = params[:url]\n+  redirect_to (url if url&.start_with?("/")) || root_path',
    root_cause="Unvalidated redirect target.",
    attack="url=//evil.com phishing.", impact="Phishing.",
    fix="Allowlist relative paths.", guideline="Validate redirects.",
    tags=["open-redirect", "rails", "ruby", "phishing"],
    metadata={"domain": "Authentication systems", "input_source": "query_param", "auth_required": False})

rec(id="SCP-000247", language="Ruby", framework="Rails",
    title="Weak secret token in secrets.yml",
    description="A Rails app commits a static secret_key_base.",
    owasp="A02:2021 - Cryptographic Failures", owasp_api="", owasp_llm="",
    cwe="CWE-798", mitre_attack="T1552.001 - Unsecured Credentials: Credentials In Files",
    severity="High", difficulty="Beginner",
    vulnerable_code='production:\n  secret_key_base: "abc123static"  # Vulnerable',
    secure_code='production:\n  secret_key_base: "<%= ENV["SECRET_KEY_BASE"] %>"  # Secure: env',
    patch='--- a/config/secrets.yml\n+++ b/config/secrets.yml\n@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n-production:\n  secret_key_base: "abc123static"\n+production:\n  secret_key_base: "<%= ENV["SECRET_KEY_BASE"] %>"',
    root_cause="Static secret in repo.",
    attack="Forge signed cookies.", impact="Auth bypass.",
    fix="Load from env/secret.", guideline="Externalize secret_key_base.",
    tags=["secrets", "rails", "ruby", "config"],
    metadata={"domain": "Backend", "input_source": "source_code", "auth_required": False})

rec(id="SCP-000248", language="Ruby", framework="Rails",
    title="Cross-site scripting in raw HTML",
    description="A Rails view renders a param with raw().",
    owasp="A03:2021 - Injection", owasp_api="", owasp_llm="",
    cwe="CWE-79", mitre_attack="T1059.007 - Command and Scripting Interpreter: JavaScript",
    severity="Medium", difficulty="Beginner",
    vulnerable_code='<div><%= raw(@comment) %></div>  <!-- Vulnerable: unescaped -->',
    secure_code='<div><%= @comment %></div>  <!-- Secure: escaped -->',
    patch='--- a/show.html.erb\n+++ b/show.html.erb\n@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@\n-<div><%= raw(@comment) %></div>\n+<div><%= @comment %></div>',
    root_cause="raw() disables escaping.",
    attack="comment=<script>steal()</script> runs.", impact="XSS.",
    fix="Use default escaping.", guideline="Avoid raw() on user input.",
    tags=["xss", "rails", "ruby", "template"],
    metadata={"domain": "E-commerce", "input_source": "db", "auth_required": False})

rec(id="SCP-000249", language="Ruby", framework="Rails",
    title="IDOR on message read",
    description="A Rails action returns a message by id without owner check.",
    owasp="A01:2021 - Broken Access Control", owasp_api="API1:2023 - Broken Object Level Authorization", owasp_llm="",
    cwe="CWE-639", mitre_attack="T1190 - Exploit Public-Facing Application",
    severity="High", difficulty="Beginner",
    vulnerable_code='def show\n  @msg = Message.find(params[:id])  # Vulnerable: no owner\nend',
    secure_code='def show\n  @msg = current_user.messages.find(params[:id])  # Secure: scoped\nend',
    patch='--- a/messages_controller.rb\n+++ b/messages_controller.rb\n@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n-def show\n  @msg = Message.find(params[:id])\n+  @msg = current_user.messages.find(params[:id])',
    root_cause="No ownership scoping on read.",
    attack="Enumerator reads others messages.", impact="PII disclosure.",
    fix="Scope by owner.", guideline="Scope reads by owner.",
    tags=["idor", "rails", "ruby", "access-control"],
    metadata={"domain": "E-commerce", "input_source": "path_param", "auth_required": True})

rec(id="SCP-000250", language="Ruby", framework="Rails",
    title="No rate limit on password reset",
    description="A Rails reset has no throttle, enabling enumeration.",
    owasp="A07:2021 - Identification and Authentication Failures", owasp_api="API4:2023 - Unrestricted Resource Consumption", owasp_llm="",
    cwe="CWE-307", mitre_attack="T1110 - Brute Force",
    severity="Medium", difficulty="Beginner",
    vulnerable_code='def create\n  User.send_reset(params[:email])  # Vulnerable: no throttle\n  redirect_to root_path\nend',
    secure_code='def create\n  if rate_limited?("reset", request.ip); render status: 429; return; end\n  User.send_reset(params[:email])\n  redirect_to root_path\nend',
    patch='--- a/passwords_controller.rb\n+++ b/passwords_controller.rb\n@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@\n-def create\n  User.send_reset(params[:email])\n+  if rate_limited?("reset", request.ip); render status: 429; return; end\n+  User.send_reset(params[:email])\n  redirect_to root_path',
    root_cause="No throttle on reset.",
    attack="Mass reset emails; enumerate.", impact="Abuse, enumeration.",
    fix="Rate limit reset.", guideline="Throttle password reset.",
    tags=["rate-limiting", "rails", "ruby", "auth"],
    metadata={"domain": "Authentication systems", "input_source": "request_body", "auth_required": False})

rec(id="SCP-000251", language="Ruby", framework="Rails",
    title="CSRF protection disabled",
    description="A Rails controller skips CSRF for a state-changing action.",
    owasp="A01:2021 - Broken Access Control", owasp_api="", owasp_llm="",
    cwe="CWE-352", mitre_attack="T1190 - Exploit Public-Facing Application",
    severity="Medium", difficulty="Beginner",
    vulnerable_code='class ApiController < ApplicationController\n  skip_before_action :verify_authenticity_token  # Vulnerable\nend',
    secure_code='class ApiController < ApplicationController\n  protect_from_forgery with: :exception  # Secure\nend',
    patch='--- a/api_controller.rb\n+++ b/api_controller.rb\n@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n-class ApiController < ApplicationController\n  skip_before_action :verify_authenticity_token\n+  protect_from_forgery with: :exception',
    root_cause="CSRF skipping on mutating action.",
    attack="Cross-site POST forges change.", impact="Unauthorized action.",
    fix="Keep CSRF protection.", guideline="Don't skip CSRF on state changes.",
    tags=["csrf", "rails", "ruby", "config"],
    metadata={"domain": "E-commerce", "input_source": "form_field", "auth_required": True})

rec(id="SCP-000252", language="Ruby", framework="Rails",
    title="Business logic: integer overflow in points",
    description="A Rails service adds loyalty points without overflow guard.",
    owasp="A04:2021 - Insecure Design", owasp_api="API3:2023 - Broken Object Property Level Authorization", owasp_llm="",
    cwe="CWE-190", mitre_attack="T1190 - Exploit Public-Facing Application",
    severity="Medium", difficulty="Intermediate",
    vulnerable_code='def add_points(u, n)\n  u.points += n  # Vulnerable: wraps at max\nend',
    secure_code='def add_points(u, n)\n  u.points = [u.points + n, MAX_POINTS].min  # Secure: cap\nend',
    patch='--- a/loyalty.rb\n+++ b/loyalty.rb\n@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n-def add_points(u, n)\n  u.points += n\n+  u.points = [u.points + n, MAX_POINTS].min',
    root_cause="Unbounded integer addition.",
    attack="Add huge n to overflow to small.", impact="Logic abuse.",
    fix="Cap accumulators.", guideline="Validate numeric bounds.",
    tags=["business-logic", "rails", "ruby", "overflow"],
    metadata={"domain": "E-commerce", "input_source": "request_body", "auth_required": True})

rec(id="SCP-000253", language="Ruby", framework="Rails",
    title="Insecure random with rand",
    description="A Rails token generator uses Kernel.rand.",
    owasp="A02:2021 - Cryptographic Failures", owasp_api="", owasp_llm="",
    cwe="CWE-338", mitre_attack="T1600 - Weaken Encryption",
    severity="High", difficulty="Intermediate",
    vulnerable_code='def token\n  SecureRandom.base64(16)  # vulnerable if SecureRandom not loaded\nend',
    secure_code='require "securerandom"\ndef token\n  SecureRandom.urlsafe_base64(24)  # Secure: CSPRNG\nend',
    patch='--- a/token.rb\n+++ b/token.rb\n@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@\n-def token\n  SecureRandom.base64(16)\n+require "securerandom"\n+def token\n+  SecureRandom.urlsafe_base64(24)',
    root_cause="Non-CSPRNG token (or missing require).",
    attack="Predict token values.", impact="Token forgery.",
    fix="Use SecureRandom always.", guideline="Use CSPRNG for tokens.",
    tags=["crypto", "rails", "ruby", "tokens"],
    metadata={"domain": "Authentication systems", "input_source": "server", "auth_required": False})

rec(id="SCP-000254", language="Ruby", framework="Rails",
    title="File upload without type check",
    description="A Rails upload stores any content type.",
    owasp="A04:2021 - Insecure Design", owasp_api="", owasp_llm="",
    cwe="CWE-434", mitre_attack="T1190 - Exploit Public-Facing Application",
    severity="High", difficulty="Intermediate",
    vulnerable_code='def create\n  Upload.create!(file: params[:file])  # Vulnerable: any type\nend',
    secure_code='ALLOWED = %w[image/png image/jpeg].freeze\ndef create\n  raise "bad" unless ALLOWED.include?(params[:file].content_type)\n  Upload.create!(file: params[:file])  # Secure\nend',
    patch='--- a/uploads_controller.rb\n+++ b/uploads_controller.rb\n@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@\n-def create\n  Upload.create!(file: params[:file])\n+  raise "bad" unless ALLOWED.include?(params[:file].content_type)\n+  Upload.create!(file: params[:file])',
    root_cause="No content-type validation.",
    attack="Upload .rb webshell.", impact="RCE.",
    fix="Allowlist types; randomize name.", guideline="Validate upload types.",
    tags=["file-upload", "rails", "ruby", "rce"],
    metadata={"domain": "E-commerce", "input_source": "form_field", "auth_required": True})

rec(id="SCP-000255", language="Ruby", framework="Rails",
    title="Authorization missing on destroy",
    description="A Rails destroy action has no ownership or role check.",
    owasp="A01:2021 - Broken Access Control", owasp_api="API1:2023 - Broken Object Level Authorization", owasp_llm="",
    cwe="CWE-862", mitre_attack="T1190 - Exploit Public-Facing Application",
    severity="Critical", difficulty="Beginner",
    vulnerable_code='def destroy\n  Comment.find(params[:id]).destroy  # Vulnerable: anyone\nend',
    secure_code='def destroy\n  Comment.where(id: params[:id], user_id: current_user.id).destroy_all  # Secure\nend',
    patch='--- a/comments_controller.rb\n+++ b/comments_controller.rb\n@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n-def destroy\n  Comment.find(params[:id]).destroy\n+  Comment.where(id: params[:id], user_id: current_user.id).destroy_all',
    root_cause="No ownership on delete.",
    attack="Anyone deletes any comment.", impact="Data loss.",
    fix="Scope delete by owner.", guideline="Authorize deletions.",
    tags=["authorization", "rails", "ruby", "broken-access-control"],
    metadata={"domain": "E-commerce", "input_source": "path_param", "auth_required": True})

# ---------------- C (SCP-000256 - 000270) ----------------
rec(id="SCP-000256", language="C", framework="POSIX",
    title="Buffer overflow in strcpy",
    description="A C function copies input with strcpy into a fixed buffer.",
    owasp="A03:2021 - Injection", owasp_api="", owasp_llm="",
    cwe="CWE-120", mitre_attack="T1203 - Exploitation for Client Execution",
    severity="High", difficulty="Intermediate",
    vulnerable_code='void copy(char *in) {\n  char buf[32];\n  strcpy(buf, in);  // Vulnerable: no bounds\n}',
    secure_code='void copy(char *in) {\n  char buf[32];\n  strncpy(buf, in, sizeof(buf) - 1);  // Secure: bounded\n  buf[sizeof(buf)-1] = \u002700\u0027;\n}',
    patch='--- a/copy.c\n+++ b/copy.c\n@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@\n-  strcpy(buf, in);\n+  strncpy(buf, in, sizeof(buf) - 1);\n+  buf[sizeof(buf)-1] = \u002700\u0027;',
    root_cause="Unbounded copy into stack buffer.",
    attack="Long input overwrites return address.", impact="RCE.",
    fix="Use bounded copies.", guideline="Avoid strcpy; use strncpy/snprintf.",
    tags=["buffer-overflow", "c", "memory-safety"],
    metadata={"domain": "IoT", "input_source": "argv", "auth_required": False})

rec(id="SCP-000257", language="C", framework="POSIX",
    title="Format string vulnerability",
    description="A C program uses user input as a printf format.",
    owasp="A03:2021 - Injection", owasp_api="", owasp_llm="",
    cwe="CWE-134", mitre_attack="T1203 - Exploitation for Client Execution",
    severity="Medium", difficulty="Intermediate",
    vulnerable_code='void log_msg(char *m) {\n  printf(m);  // Vulnerable: format string\n}',
    secure_code='void log_msg(char *m) {\n  printf("%s", m);  // Secure: positional\n}',
    patch='--- a/log.c\n+++ b/log.c\n@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n-  printf(m);\n+  printf("%s", m);',
    root_cause="User input as format.",
    attack="%x.%x reads stack.", impact="Info leak.",
    fix="Use %s positional.", guideline="Never use user input as format.",
    tags=["format-string", "c", "logging"],
    metadata={"domain": "IoT", "input_source": "argv", "auth_required": False})

rec(id="SCP-000258", language="C", framework="POSIX",
    title="Use-after-free",
    description="A C program dereferences memory after free.",
    owasp="A03:2021 - Injection", owasp_api="", owasp_llm="",
    cwe="CWE-416", mitre_attack="T1203 - Exploitation for Client Execution",
    severity="High", difficulty="Advanced",
    vulnerable_code='void proc() {\n  int *p = malloc(8); *p = 1;\n  free(p);\n  *p = 2;  // Vulnerable: use-after-free\n}',
    secure_code='void proc() {\n  int *p = malloc(8); *p = 1;\n  free(p); p = NULL;  // Secure: null after free\n  if (p) *p = 2;\n}',
    patch='--- a/proc.c\n+++ b/proc.c\n@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@\n-  free(p);\n-  *p = 2;\n+  free(p); p = NULL;\n+  if (p) *p = 2;',
    root_cause="Deref after free.",
    attack="Heap spray / type confusion.", impact="Memory corruption.",
    fix="Null pointers after free.", guideline="Set freed pointers to NULL.",
    tags=["use-after-free", "c", "memory-safety"],
    metadata={"domain": "IoT", "input_source": "internal", "auth_required": False})

rec(id="SCP-000259", language="C", framework="POSIX",
    title="Integer overflow in allocation",
    description="A C function multiplies for allocation size without overflow check.",
    owasp="A03:2021 - Injection", owasp_api="", owasp_llm="",
    cwe="CWE-190", mitre_attack="T1203 - Exploitation for Client Execution",
    severity="High", difficulty="Advanced",
    vulnerable_code='void *make(size_t n, size_t sz) {\n  return malloc(n * sz);  // Vulnerable: overflow\n}',
    secure_code='void *make(size_t n, size_t sz) {\n  if (n > 0 && sz > 0 && n > SIZE_MAX / sz) return NULL;  // Secure\n  return malloc(n * sz);\n}',
    patch='--- a/make.c\n+++ b/make.c\n@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@\n-  return malloc(n * sz);\n+  if (n > 0 && sz > 0 && n > SIZE_MAX / sz) return NULL;\n+  return malloc(n * sz);',
    root_cause="Unchecked multiplication for size.",
    attack="Trigger small allocation, overflow.", impact="Memory corruption.",
    fix="Check overflow before alloc.", guideline="Validate allocation sizes.",
    tags=["integer-overflow", "c", "memory-safety"],
    metadata={"domain": "IoT", "input_source": "argv", "auth_required": False})

rec(id="SCP-000260", language="C", framework="POSIX",
    title="Double free",
    description="A C program frees the same pointer twice.",
    owasp="A03:2021 - Injection", owasp_api="", owasp_llm="",
    cwe="CWE-415", mitre_attack="T1203 - Exploitation for Client Execution",
    severity="High", difficulty="Advanced",
    vulnerable_code='void run() {\n  char *p = malloc(16);\n  free(p); free(p);  // Vulnerable: double free\n}',
    secure_code='void run() {\n  char *p = malloc(16);\n  free(p); p = NULL;  // Secure: null after free\n}',
    patch='--- a/run.c\n+++ b/run.c\n@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@\n-  free(p); free(p);\n+  free(p); p = NULL;',
    root_cause="Freeing same pointer twice.",
    attack="Heap corruption / RCE.", impact="Memory corruption.",
    fix="Null after free.", guideline="Avoid double free.",
    tags=["double-free", "c", "memory-safety"],
    metadata={"domain": "IoT", "input_source": "internal", "auth_required": False})

rec(id="SCP-000261", language="C", framework="POSIX",
    title="Command injection via system()",
    description="A C program passes user input to system().",
    owasp="A03:2021 - Injection", owasp_api="", owasp_llm="",
    cwe="CWE-78", mitre_attack="T1059 - Command and Scripting Interpreter",
    severity="High", difficulty="Intermediate",
    vulnerable_code='void run(char *f) {\n  char cmd[128];\n  sprintf(cmd, "convert %s out.png", f);\n  system(cmd);  // Vulnerable\n}',
    secure_code='void run(char *f) {\n  if (strpbrk(f, ";|&$\u0027\"") != NULL) return;  // Secure: validate\n  char cmd[128];\n  snprintf(cmd, sizeof cmd, "convert %s out.png", f);\n  system(cmd);\n}',
    patch='--- a/run.c\n+++ b/run.c\n@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@\n-  sprintf(cmd, "convert %s out.png", f);\n-  system(cmd);\n+  if (strpbrk(f, ";|&$\u0027\"") != NULL) return;\n+  snprintf(cmd, sizeof cmd, "convert %s out.png", f);\n+  system(cmd);',
    root_cause="User input into shell command.",
    attack="f=img.png;cat /etc/passwd executes.", impact="Command injection.",
    fix="Validate + avoid system.", guideline="Avoid system() with input.",
    tags=["command-injection", "c", "rce"],
    metadata={"domain": "IoT", "input_source": "argv", "auth_required": False})

rec(id="SCP-000262", language="C", framework="POSIX",
    title="Insecure temporary file",
    description="A C program creates a temp file with a predictable name.",
    owasp="A01:2021 - Broken Access Control", owasp_api="", owasp_llm="",
    cwe="CWE-377", mitre_attack="T1190 - Exploit Public-Facing Application",
    severity="Medium", difficulty="Intermediate",
    vulnerable_code='void save(char *d) {\n  int fd = open("/tmp/data.txt", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT, 0644);  // Vulnerable: predictable\n  write(fd, d, strlen(d));\n}',
    secure_code='void save(char *d) {\n  char tmpl[] = "/tmp/dataXXXXXX";\n  int fd = mkstemp(tmpl);  // Secure: unpredictable\n  write(fd, d, strlen(d));\n}',
    patch='--- a/save.c\n+++ b/save.c\n@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@\n-  int fd = open("/tmp/data.txt", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT, 0644);\n+  char tmpl[] = "/tmp/dataXXXXXX";\n+  int fd = mkstemp(tmpl);\n  write(fd, d, strlen(d));',
    root_cause="Predictable temp file name.",
    attack="Symlink / pre-create the file.", impact="File tampering.",
    fix="Use mkstemp.", guideline="Use mkstemp for temp files.",
    tags=["temp-file", "c", "file-write"],
    metadata={"domain": "IoT", "input_source": "internal", "auth_required": False})

rec(id="SCP-000263", language="C", framework="POSIX",
    title="Off-by-one in loop copy",
    description="A C loop copies N+1 bytes into an N-byte buffer.",
    owasp="A03:2021 - Injection", owasp_api="", owasp_llm="",
    cwe="CWE-193", mitre_attack="T1203 - Exploitation for Client Execution",
    severity="Medium", difficulty="Intermediate",
    vulnerable_code='void cp(char *src, char *dst, int n) {\n  for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) dst[i] = src[i];  // Vulnerable: <= off-by-one\n}',
    secure_code='void cp(char *src, char *dst, int n) {\n  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) dst[i] = src[i];  // Secure: < not <=\n}',
    patch='--- a/cp.c\n+++ b/cp.c\n@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n-  for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) dst[i] = src[i];\n+  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) dst[i] = src[i];',
    root_cause="Loop bound off-by-one.",
    attack="Write one byte past buffer.", impact="Memory corruption.",
    fix="Correct loop bounds.", guideline="Audit loop bounds.",
    tags=["off-by-one", "c", "memory-safety"],
    metadata={"domain": "IoT", "input_source": "internal", "auth_required": False})

rec(id="SCP-000264", language="C", framework="POSIX",
    title="Null pointer dereference",
    description="A C function dereferences a pointer that may be NULL.",
    owasp="A03:2021 - Injection", owasp_api="", owasp_llm="",
    cwe="CWE-476", mitre_attack="T1203 - Exploitation for Client Execution",
    severity="Medium", difficulty="Beginner",
    vulnerable_code='void show(User *u) {\n  printf("%s\\n", u->name);  // Vulnerable: u may be NULL\n}',
    secure_code='void show(User *u) {\n  if (!u) return;  // Secure: NULL check\n  printf("%s\\n", u->name);\n}',
    patch='--- a/show.c\n+++ b/show.c\n@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@\n-  printf("%s\\n", u->name);\n+  if (!u) return;\n+  printf("%s\\n", u->name);',
    root_cause="Missing NULL check.",
    attack="Pass NULL to crash service.", impact="DoS.",
    fix="Check pointers before deref.", guideline="Null-check inputs.",
    tags=["null-deref", "c", "memory-safety"],
    metadata={"domain": "IoT", "input_source": "argv", "auth_required": False})

rec(id="SCP-000265", language="C", framework="POSIX",
    title="Hardcoded credentials in binary",
    description="A C client embeds a password string in source.",
    owasp="A02:2021 - Cryptographic Failures", owasp_api="", owasp_llm="",
    cwe="CWE-798", mitre_attack="T1552.001 - Unsecured Credentials: Credentials In Files",
    severity="High", difficulty="Beginner",
    vulnerable_code='const char *PW = "admin123";  // Vulnerable: hardcoded',
    secure_code='char *get_pw() { return getenv("APP_PW"); }  // Secure: from env',
    patch='--- a/client.c\n+++ b/client.c\n@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@\n-const char *PW = "admin123";\n+char *get_pw() { return getenv("APP_PW"); }',
    root_cause="Credential in binary.",
    attack="Extract string from binary.", impact="Credential leak.",
    fix="Load from env/secret.", guideline="Externalize credentials.",
    tags=["secrets", "c", "config"],
    metadata={"domain": "IoT", "input_source": "source_code", "auth_required": False})

rec(id="SCP-000266", language="C", framework="POSIX",
    title="Stack buffer overflow via gets",
    description="A C program reads input with gets().",
    owasp="A03:2021 - Injection", owasp_api="", owasp_llm="",
    cwe="CWE-120", mitre_attack="T1203 - Exploitation for Client Execution",
    severity="High", difficulty="Beginner",
    vulnerable_code='void read_line() {\n  char buf[64];\n  gets(buf);  // Vulnerable: no bound\n}',
    secure_code='void read_line() {\n  char buf[64];\n  if (fgets(buf, sizeof buf, stdin) == NULL) return;  // Secure: bounded\n}',
    patch='--- a/read.c\n+++ b/read.c\n@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@\n-  char buf[64];\n-  gets(buf);\n+  char buf[64];\n+  if (fgets(buf, sizeof buf, stdin) == NULL) return;',
    root_cause="gets() has no bounds.",
    attack="Overflow stack with long input.", impact="RCE.",
    fix="Use fgets with size.", guideline="Never use gets().",
    tags=["buffer-overflow", "c", "memory-safety"],
    metadata={"domain": "IoT", "input_source": "stdin", "auth_required": False})

rec(id="SCP-000267", language="C", framework="POSIX",
    title="Insecure rand() for token",
    description="A C service generates a session token with rand().",
    owasp="A02:2021 - Cryptographic Failures", owasp_api="", owasp_llm="",
    cwe="CWE-338", mitre_attack="T1600 - Weaken Encryption",
    severity="High", difficulty="Intermediate",
    vulnerable_code='char *tok() {\n  static char t[17];\n  sprintf(t, "%ld", random());  // Vulnerable: weak\n  return t;\n}',
    secure_code='#include <openssl/rand.h>\nchar *tok() {\n  static unsigned char t[16];\n  RAND_bytes(t, 16);  // Secure: CSPRNG\n  return hex(t, 16);\n}',
    patch='--- a/tok.c\n+++ b/tok.c\n@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@\n-  sprintf(t, "%ld", random());\n+#include <openssl/rand.h>\n+  RAND_bytes(t, 16);',
    root_cause="Non-CSPRNG token.",
    attack="Predict token sequence.", impact="Session hijack.",
    fix="Use RAND_bytes / getrandom.", guideline="Use CSPRNG for tokens.",
    tags=["crypto", "c", "tokens"],
    metadata={"domain": "Authentication systems", "input_source": "server", "auth_required": False})

rec(id="SCP-000268", language="C", framework="POSIX",
    title="Unchecked return of malloc",
    description="A C program uses malloc result without NULL check.",
    owasp="A03:2021 - Injection", owasp_api="", owasp_llm="",
    cwe="CWE-252", mitre_attack="T1203 - Exploitation for Client Execution",
    severity="Medium", difficulty="Beginner",
    vulnerable_code='void *p = malloc(n);\nmemcpy(p, src, n);  // Vulnerable: p may be NULL',
    secure_code='void *p = malloc(n);\nif (!p) return -1;  // Secure: check\nmemcpy(p, src, n);',
    patch='--- a/alloc.c\n+++ b/alloc.c\n@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@\n-void *p = malloc(n);\n-memcpy(p, src, n);\n+void *p = malloc(n);\n+if (!p) return -1;\n+memcpy(p, src, n);',
    root_cause="Unchecked allocation.",
    attack="Force OOM to get NULL then crash.", impact="DoS / corruption.",
    fix="Check malloc return.", guideline="Always check alloc returns.",
    tags=["memory-safety", "c", "error-handling"],
    metadata={"domain": "IoT", "input_source": "internal", "auth_required": False})

rec(id="SCP-000269", language="C", framework="POSIX",
    title="Race condition on shared file",
    description="A C program checks then opens a file (TOCTOU).",
    owasp="A01:2021 - Broken Access Control", owasp_api="", owasp_llm="",
    cwe="CWE-367", mitre_attack="T1203 - Exploitation for Client Execution",
    severity="High", difficulty="Advanced",
    vulnerable_code='if (access(path, R_OK) == 0) { fd = open(path, O_RDONLY); }  // Vulnerable: TOCTOU',
    secure_code='fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);\nif (fd >= 0) { struct stat st; fstat(fd, &st); }  // Secure: fd-based',
    patch='--- a/open.c\n+++ b/open.c\n@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@\n-if (access(path, R_OK) == 0) { fd = open(path, O_RDONLY); }\n+fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);\n+if (fd >= 0) { struct stat st; fstat(fd, &st); }',
    root_cause="Check-then-open race.",
    attack="Swap file between access and open.", impact="Arbitrary read.",
    fix="Operate on fd.", guideline="Avoid TOCTOU with fd.",
    tags=["toctou", "c", "race-condition"],
    metadata={"domain": "IoT", "input_source": "file", "auth_required": False})

rec(id="SCP-000270", language="C", framework="POSIX",
    title="Improper certificate validation (always true)",
    description="A C TLS client ignores certificate verification.",
    owasp="A02:2021 - Cryptographic Failures", owasp_api="", owasp_llm="",
    cwe="CWE-295", mitre_attack="T1557 - Adversary-in-the-Middle",
    severity="Critical", difficulty="Advanced",
    vulnerable_code='SSL_CTX_set_verify(ctx, SSL_VERIFY_NONE, NULL);  // Vulnerable: no verify',
    secure_code='SSL_CTX_set_verify(ctx, SSL_VERIFY_PEER, NULL);  // Secure: verify peer\nSSL_CTX_set_default_verify_paths(ctx);',
    patch='--- a/tls.c\n+++ b/tls.c\n@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@\n-SSL_CTX_set_verify(ctx, SSL_VERIFY_NONE, NULL);\n+SSL_CTX_set_verify(ctx, SSL_VERIFY_PEER, NULL);\n+SSL_CTX_set_default_verify_paths(ctx);',
    root_cause="Certificate verification disabled.",
    attack="MITM intercepts TLS.", impact="Credential/data theft.",
    fix="Enable peer verification.", guideline="Always verify TLS peers.",
    tags=["tls", "c", "mitm"],
    metadata={"domain": "Banking", "input_source": "network", "auth_required": False})

RECORDS_EXT7 = L