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The age of behavior: where ideas and narratives were increasingly defining behavior and identity and allegiances. | Adferdsalderen: hvor ideer og narrativer i større grad definerer adferd og identitet og troskap. | en-nb |
So as I said, we looked to the status quo and ridiculed it. | Donc comme je l'ai dit, nous regardions le statu quo et le tournions en ridicule. | en-fr |
And it's not just Islamist extremists that did this. | და არა მხოლოდ ისლამისტ-ექსტრემისტები იქცეოდნენ ასე, | en-ka |
But even if you look across the mood music in Europe of late, far-right fascism is also on the rise. | Ακόμα κι αν κανείς κοιτάξει το κλίμα που επικρατεί στην Ευρώπη του σήμερα, και ο ακροδεξιός φασισμός είναι σε ανοδική πορεία. | en-el |
A form of anti-Islam rhetoric is also on the rise and it's transnational. | Uma forma de retórica anti-islâmica também está em alta e é transnacional. | en-pt-br |
And the consequences that this is having is that it's affecting the political climate across Europe. | والنتائج الطبيعية لذلك هو أن يكون له تأثيره المباشر على المناخ السياسي عبر أوروبا . | en-ar |
What's actually happening is that what were previously localized parochialisms, individual or groupings of extremists who were isolated from one another, have become interconnected in a globalized way and have thus become, or are becoming, mainstream. | 今 起きていることは 以前は地域ごとに限定され 分け隔てられていた 考えや個人 原理主義者の団体が 国家を超えて相互に結びつき 主流になってきているということです | en-ja |
Because the Internet and connection technologies are connecting them across the world. | Fordi internettet og forbindende teknologier binder dem sammen verden over. | en-da |
If you look at the rise of far-right fascism across Europe of late, you will see some things that are happening that are influencing domestic politics, yet the phenomenon is transnational. | 昨今の欧州での極右ファシズムの隆盛を見ると 国内政治に影響を与えつつ 同時に国家を超えた現象として 起きている現象があることに気付くでしょう | en-ja |
In certain countries, mosque minarets are being banned. | こうして話している間にも | en-ja |
In others, headscarves are being banned. | Diğerlerinde, baş örtüleri yasaklandı | en-tr |
In others, kosher and halal meat are being banned, as we speak. | ในบางประเทศ กำลังมีการสั่งข้ามขายเนื้อโคเชอร์และเนื้อฮาลาล ในขณะนี้ | en-th |
And on the flip side, we have transnational Islamist extremists doing the same thing across their own societies. | E no lado oposto, temos extremistas islâmicos transnacionais fazendo a mesma coisa em suas próprias sociedades. | en-pt-br |
And so they are pockets of parochialism that are being connected in a way that makes them feel like they are mainstream. | De er altså små lommer af snæversyn, der forbindes på en måde, hvor de føler sig mainstream. | en-da |
Now that never would have been possible before. | ذلك لم يكن من الممكن حدوثه من قبل أبداً . | en-ar |
They would have felt isolated, until these sorts of technologies came around and connected them in a way that made them feel part of a larger phenomenon. | Sie hätten sich isoliert gefühlt, bevor diese Technologien auftauchten und sie in einer Weise verbanden, durch die sie sich als Teil eines größeren Phänomens fühlen. | en-de |
Where does that leave democracy aspirants? | Och var står då de som förespråkar demokrati? | en-sv |
Well I believe they're getting left far behind. | მგონი რომ ისინი ძალიან ჩამორჩებიან. | en-ka |
And I'll give you an example here at this stage. | E vi farò un esempio proprio da questo palco. | en-it |
If any of you remembers the Christmas Day bomb plot: there's a man called Anwar al-Awlaki. | أي منكم يذكر حكاية قنبلة يوم الكريسماس : كان هناك رجل إسمه أنور العولقي ( الملهم لتنظيم القاعدة ). | en-ar |
As an American citizen, ethnically a Yemeni, in hiding currently in Yemen, who inspired a Nigerian, son of the head of Nigeria's national bank. | به عنوان یک شهروند آمریکایی، که در واقع یمنی است، و در حال حاضر در جایی در یمن مخفی شده است، که یک نیجریه ای را تحت تاثیر قرار داد، پسر رییس بانک ملی نیجریه. | en-fa |
This Nigerian student studied in London, trained in Yemen, boarded a flight in Amsterdam to attack America. | นักศึกษาชาวไนจีเรียนคนนี้เรียนหนังสือที่ลอนดอน ไปฝึกที่เยเมน ขึ้นเครื่องบินจากอัมสเตอร์ดัมไปโจมตีอเมริกา | en-th |
In the meanwhile, the Old mentality with a capital O, was represented by his father, the head of the Nigerian bank, warning the CIA that his own son was about to attack, and this warning fell on deaf ears. | Mientras, su padre, el director del banco de Nigeria, que representaba la mentalidad Conservadora, con C mayúscula, avisó a la CIA de que su hijo estaba a punto de atacarles y nadie le hizo caso. | en-es |
The Old mentality with a capital O, as represented by the nation-state, not yet fully into the age of behavior, not recognizing the power of transnational social movements, got left behind. | La Vielle mentalité avec un V majuscule, telle que représentée par l’État-nation, pas encore complètement dans l'ère du comportement, ne reconnaissant pas la puissance des mouvements sociaux transnationaux, a été dépassée. | en-fr |
And the Christmas Day bomber almost succeeded in attacking the United States of America. | Dan pemboman pada Hari Natal hampir sukses menyerang Amerika Serikat. | en-id |
Again with the example of the far right: that we find, ironically, xenophobic nationalists are utilizing the benefits of globalization. | Kolejny przykład ze skrajnej prawicy: jak na ironię, ksenofobiczni nacjonaliści wykorzystują pożytki płynące z globalizacji. | en-pl |
So why are they succeeding? | Så varför lyckas de? | en-sv |
And why are democracy aspirants falling behind? | En waarom raken kandidaten voor de democratie achterop? | en-nl |
Well we need to understand the power of the social movements who understand this. | 我们首先需要了解社会运动的力量来真正了解这个问题 | en-zh-cn |
And a social movement is comprised, in my view, it's comprised of four main characteristics. | 사회운동은 포괄합니다, 제 관점으로는, 네 가지의 주된 특징을 포괄합니다 | en-ko |
It's comprised of ideas and narratives and symbols and leaders. | É formado por ideias, por narrativas, por símbolos e por líderes. | en-pt |
I'll talk you through one example, and that's the example that everyone here will be aware of, and that's the example of Al-Qaeda. | Tôi sẽ kể cho các bạn một ví dụ, một ví dụ mà mọi người ở đây đều sẽ biết, và đó là ví dụ về Al-Qaeda. | en-vi |
If I asked you to think of the ideas of Al-Qaeda, that's something that comes to your mind immediately. | 如果我問你你認為基地組織的概念是什麼， 立即便有東西來到你的腦內。 | en-zh-tw |
If I ask you to think of their narratives -- the West being at war with Islam, the need to defend Islam against the West -- these narratives, they come to your mind immediately. | Om jag ber er tänka på deras berättelser -- att Väst ligger i krig med islam, behovet av ett försvar för islam mot Väst -- de här berättelserna dyker på en gång upp i era huvuden. | en-sv |
Incidentally, the difference between ideas and narratives: the idea is the cause that one believes in; and the narrative is the way to sell that cause -- the propaganda, if you like, of the cause. | اتفاقا" ، تفاوت بین ایده ها و روایات اینست که: ایده و طرز تفکر دلیل برای باور افراد است؛ و روایت و حکایت ها طریقه ی فروخته شدن به آن جنبش است، که همان تبلیغات آن جنبش است. | en-fa |
So the ideas and the narratives of Al-Qaeda come to your mind immediately. | So, die Ideen und die Erzählungen von Al-Quaida sind Ihnen sofort präsent. | en-de |
If I ask you to think of their symbols and their leaders, they come to your mind immediately. | Si les preguntara por sus símbolos y sus líderes, también sería muy fácil. | en-es |
One of their leaders was killed in Pakistan recently. | ერთ-ერთი მათი ლიდერი, ცოტა ხნის წინ მოკლეს პაკისტანში. | en-ka |
So these symbols and these leaders come to your mind immediately. | Estes símbolos e estes líderes vêm imediatamente à cabeça. | en-pt |
And that's the power of social movements. | Dan itulah kekuatan dari pergerakan sosial. | en-id |
They're transnational, and they bond around these ideas and narratives and these symbols and these leaders. | آنها فراملی هستند، و آنها گرد این ایده ها و این روایت و این سمبل ها و این رهبران جمع میشوند و به آنها میپیوندند. | en-fa |
However, if I ask your minds to focus currently on Pakistan, and I ask you to think of the symbols and the leaders for democracy in Pakistan today, you'll be hard pressed to think beyond perhaps the assassination of Benazir Bhutto. | Обаче, ако ви помоля да съсредоточите съзнанието си в момента на Пакистан, и ви помоля да се замислите за символите и лидерите на демокрацията в Пакистан днес, ще бъдете силно притиснати да помислите отвъд, може би, убийството на Беназир Бхуто. | en-bg |
Which means, by definition, that particular leader no longer exists. | το οποίο εξ'ορισμού σημαίνει ότι δεν υπάρχει πια ο συγκεκριμένος ηγέτης. | en-el |
One of the problems we're facing is, in my view, that there are no globalized, youth-led, grassroots social movements advocating for democratic culture across Muslim-majority societies. | 在我看來, 我們面臨的問題之一是， 沒有全球化 青年領導，基層民主文化的社會運動 倡導跨越穆斯林 佔多數的社會。 | en-zh-tw |
There is no equivalent of the Al-Qaeda, without the terrorism, for democracy across Muslim-majority societies. | Không có đối thủ của Al-Qaeda, không phải là khủng bố, cho dân chủ ở các xã hội mà Hồi giáo chiếm chủ yếu. | en-vi |
There are no ideas and narratives and leaders and symbols advocating the democratic culture on the ground. | Nejsou tu žádné myšlenky, příběhy, vůdci ani symboly, které by prosazovaly demokratickou kulturu mezi lidmi. | en-cs |
So that begs the next question. | پس، سوال بعدی اینجا ایجاد میشود. | en-fa |
Why is it that extremist organizations, whether of the far-right or of the Islamist extremism -- Islamism meaning those who wish to impose one version of Islam over the rest of society -- why is it that they are succeeding in organizing in a globalized way, whereas those who aspire to democratic culture are falling behind? | מדוע זה שארגונים קיצוניים, ימניים קיצוניים או איסלמיסטים קיצוניים— איסלמיסטים, משמע אלה שמבקשים לכפות גירסה מסוימת של האיסלם על שאר החברה— מדוע זה הם מצליחים להתארגן בצורה גלובלית, ואילו שוחרי התרבות הדמוקרטית מפגרים אחריהם? | en-he |
And I believe that's for four reasons. | 제가 믿는 바로는 그건 네 가지 이유에서 입니다 | en-ko |
I believe, number one, it's complacency. | Yang pertama adalah kepuasan. | en-id |
Because those who aspire to democratic culture are in power, or have societies that are leading globalized, powerful societies, powerful countries. | 因為那些渴望期於民主文化的人 都擁有權力， 或都駐於 全球化領先的，強大的社會， 強大的國家的社會。 | en-zh-tw |
And that level of complacency means they don't feel the need to advocate for that culture. | 这种程度的自满意味着 他们不觉得需要提倡这种文化。 | en-zh-cn |
The second, I believe, is political correctness. | Druhý, myslím, je politická korektnost. | en-cs |
That we have a hesitation in espousing the universality of democratic culture because we are associating that -- we associate believing in the universality of our values -- with extremists. | Avem o ezitare în a adopta universalitatea culturii democratice, pentru că asociem asta-- asociem a crede în universalitatea valorilor noastre-- cu extremiştii. | en-ro |
Yet actually, whenever we talk about human rights, we do say that human rights are universal. | И въпреки това, когато говорим за човешки права, казваме, че човешките права са универсални. | en-bg |
But actually going out to propagate that view is associated with either neoconservativism or with Islamist extremism. | Mais, en fait, aller propager cette vision est associé soit au néoconservatisme soit à l'extrémisme islamiste. | en-fr |
To go around saying that I believe democratic culture is the best that we've arrived at as a form of political organizing is associated with extremism. | للإلتفاف حول قول أنني أؤمن بأن ثقافة الديمقراطية هي أفضل ما وصلنا إليه كصورة للتنظيم السياسي فهذا مقترن بالتطرف. | en-ar |
And the third, democratic choice in Muslim-majority societies has been relegated to a political choice, meaning political parties in many of these societies ask people to vote for them as the democratic party, but then the other parties ask them to vote for them as the military party -- wanting to rule by military dictatorship. | والسبب الثالث ، الإختيار الديمقراطي في مجتمعات ذات الأغلبية المسلمة آخذ في الهبوط إلى مستوى الإختيار السياسي ، بمعنى أن أحزاب سياسية في كثير من هذه المجتمعات تسأل الناس للتصويت من أجلهم كحزب ديموقراطي ، لكن عندها الأحزاب الأخرى تسألهم أن يصوتوا من أجلهم كحزب عسكري -- يريدون أن يحكموا حكم عسكري مطلق . | en-ar |
And then you have a third party saying, "Vote for us; we'll establish a theocracy." | 这时又会有第三种党派站出来说， “给我们投票吧，我们会建立一个神权政体。” | en-zh-cn |
So democracy has become merely one political choice among many other forms of political choices available in those societies. | Böylece demokrasi, toplumdaki geçerli diğer siyasi seçenek şekilleri arasından sadece biri haline geliyor. | en-tr |
And what happens as a result of this is, when those parties are elected, and inevitably they fail, or inevitably they make political mistakes, democracy takes the blame for their political mistakes. | ამის შედეგად ხდება ის, რომ როცა ამ პარტიებს ირჩევენ და ისინი გარდაუვლად მარცხს განიცდიან, ან გარდაუვლად უშვებენ პოლიტიკურ შეცდომებს, მათ პოლიტიკურ შეცდომებში დამნაშავედ დემოკრატია აღიქმება | en-ka |
And then people say, "We've tried democracy. It doesn't really work. | Und die Leute sagen, "Wir haben es mit Demokratie versucht. | en-de |
Let's bring the military back again." | Nu låter vi militären återta makten." | en-sv |
And the fourth reason, I believe, is what I've labeled here on the slide as the ideology of resistance. | De vierde reden is, denk ik, wat ik hier heb aangemerkt als de tegenstandsideologie. | en-nl |
What I mean by that is, if the world superpower today was a communist, it would be much easier for democracy activists to use democracy activism as a form of resistance against colonialism, than it is today with the world superpower being America, occupying certain lands and also espousing democratic ideals. | Ciò che intendo con quell'espressione è che, se la superpotenza mondiale d'oggi fosse comunista, sarebbe molto più facile per gli attivisti della democrazia utilizzare l'attivismo per la democrazia come forma di resistenza contro il colonialismo, di quanto non lo sia avere una superpotenza mondiale come l'America, che occupa certi territori ed essa stessa abbraccia gli ideali democratici. | en-it |
So roughly these four reasons make it a lot more difficult for democratic culture to spread as a civilizational choice, not merely as a political choice. | Yani kabaca bu dört neden, demokratik kültürün, sadece siyasi bir seçenek olarak değil, uygar bir seçenek olarak da yayılmasını çok daha zor hale getiriyor. | en-tr |
When talking about those reasons, let's break down certain preconceptions. | 当我们谈到这些理由时， 我们应该先打破某些先入概念。 | en-zh-cn |
Is it just about grievances? | Este vorba doar despre lipsuri? | en-ro |
Is it just about a lack of education? | Handlar det bara om brist på utbildning? | en-sv |
Well statistically, the majority of those who join extremist organizations are highly educated. | No, podle statistik, většina těch, kteří se přidávají do extrémistických organizací, má vysoké vzdělání. | en-cs |
Statistically, they are educated, on average, above the education levels of Western society. | Theo các số liệu, trình độ học vấn trung bình của họ cao hơn trình độ học vấn trung bình của xã hội Phương Tây. | en-vi |
Anecdotally, we can demonstrate that if poverty was the only factor, well Bin Laden is from one of the richest families in Saudi Arabia. | Au passage, nous pouvons démontrer que si la pauvreté était le seul facteur, Ben Laden vient d'une des familles les plus riches d'Arabie Saoudite. | en-fr |
His deputy, Ayman al-Zawahiri, was a pediatrician -- not an ill-educated man. | Il suo vice, Ayman al-Zawahiri, era un pediatra -- non era un uomo poco istruito. | en-it |
International aid and development has been going on for years, but extremism in those societies, in many of those societies, has been on the rise. | کمک ها و توسعه های بین المللی هر ساله در جریان بوده است، ولی افراط گرایی در آن اجتماعا،ت و در بسیاری دیگر از اجتماعات، در حال افزایش است. | en-fa |
And what I believe is missing is genuine grassroots activism on the ground, in addition to international aid, in addition to education, in addition to health. | tem vindo a aumentar. O que eu penso que faz falta é um ativismo popular genuíno no terreno. Para além da ajuda internacional, para além da educação, para além da saúde, | en-pt |
Not exclusive to these things, but in addition to them, is propagating a genuine demand for democracy on the ground. | Autentyczną potrzebę demokracji należy propagować tam nie w oderwaniu od tych rzeczy, ale jako dodatek do nich. | en-pl |
And this is where I believe neoconservatism had it upside-down. | É aqui que eu acredito que o neoconservadorismo atuou de ponta-cabeça. | en-pt-br |
Neoconservatism had the philosophy that you go in with a supply-led approach to impose democratic values from the top down. | Neo-konservatisme hadde en filosofi om at du går inn med et tilbudsbasert tilnærming ved å pålegge demokratiske verdier fra ovenfra og ned. | en-nb |
Whereas Islamists and far-right organizations, for decades, have been building demand for their ideology on the grassroots. | Wohingegen die Islamisten und ultra-rechten Organizationen, jahrzehntelang, eine Nachfrage für ihre Ideologie an der Basis geschaffen haben. | en-de |
They've been building civilizational demand for their values on the grassroots, and we've been seeing those societies slowly transition to societies that are increasingly asking for a form of Islamism. | Han fomentado la reivindicación cívica de sus valores entre las bases y vemos como estas sociedades, lentamente, se transforman en sociedades que demandan algún tipo de islamismo. | en-es |
Mass movements in Pakistan have been represented after the Arab uprisings mainly by organizations claiming for some form of theocracy, rather than for a democratic uprising. | Massebevægelser i Pakistan er efter de arabiske opstande hovedsagligt blevet repræsenteret af organisationer, der går ind for en eller anden form for teokrati, i stedet for en demokratisk opstand | en-da |
Because since pre-partition, they've been building demand for their ideology on the ground. | Fordi lige siden før Indiens deling har de opbygget efterspørgslen for deres ideologi på landjorden. | en-da |
And what's needed is a genuine transnational youth-led movement that works to actively advocate for the democratic culture -- which is necessarily more than just elections. | و آنچه که نیازمند است فراملی واقعی است جنبشهایی که جوانان رهبران آن هستند که فعالانه حمایت میکنند از سنت دموکراتیک -- که الزاما باید بیشتر از یک رای گیری باشد. | en-fa |
But without freedom of speech, you can't have free and fair elections. | Men uten ytringsfrihet, kan du ikke du ha frie og rettferdige valg. | en-nb |
Without human rights, you don't have the protection granted to you to campaign. | Zonder mensenrechten heb je niet de bescherming om campagne te voeren. | en-nl |
Without freedom of belief, you don't have the right to join organizations. | Fără libertatea religioasă, nu ai dreptul de intra în organizaţii. | en-ro |
So what's needed is those organizations on the ground advocating for the democratic culture itself to create the demand on the ground for this culture. | Så det som behövs är att dessa gräsrotsorganisationer förespråkare den demokratiska kulturen i sig för att skapa efterfrågan för den kulturen. | en-sv |
What that will do is avoid the problem I was talking about earlier, where currently we have political parties presenting democracy as merely a political choice in those societies alongside other choices such as military rule and theocracy. | สิ่งที่จะตามมา ก็คือ เราจะไม่เจอปัญหาที่ผมพูดถึงก่อนหน้านี้ ปัญหาเวลาที่เรามีพรรคการเมืองต่างๆ นำเสนอประชาธิปไตย ในฐานะที่เป็นแค่ตัวเลือกต่างๆ ทางการเมืองในสังคมเหล่านี้ นอกเหนือจากตัวเลือกอื่น เช่นการปกครองโดยทหาร และรัฐศาสนา | en-th |
Whereas if we start building this demand on the ground on a civilizational level, rather than merely on a political level, a level above politics -- movements that are not political parties, but are rather creating this civilizational demand for this democratic culture. | Khi mà nếu chúng ra bắt đầu gây dựng nhu cầu trong dân chúng trên một cấp độ văn minh, hơn là đơn thuần trên một cấp độ chính trị, một cấp độ vượt lên chính trị -- những phong trào không phải là các đảng chính trị mà là để tạo nên nhu cầu văn minh cho nền văn hóa dân chủ. | en-vi |
What we'll have in the end is this ideal that you see on the slide here -- the ideal that people should vote in an existing democracy, not for a democracy. | 我们最后会拥有的 会是你们可以在这个幻灯片上看到的理想情况 一种人们可以在民主中投票 而不是为了民主投票的理想 | en-zh-cn |
But to get to that stage, where democracy builds the fabric of society and the political choices within that fabric, but are certainly not theocratic and military dictatorship -- i.e. you're voting in a democracy, in an existing democracy, and that democracy is not merely one of the choices at the ballot box. | Ale k tomu, aby demokracie tvořila základy společnosti a politické volby v rámci těchto základů, rozhodně nejsou ani theokracie ani diktatura -- když volíte v demokracii, ve skutečné demokracii, tak demokracie není jen jedna z možností na volebním lístku. | en-cs |
To get to that stage, we genuinely need to start building demand in those societies on the ground. | 그 단계에 도달하기 위해서는 우리가 진정으로 그러한 사회의 현장에서 요구를 구축하기를 시작할 필요가 있다는 것입니다 | en-ko |
Now to conclude, how does that happen? | برای نتیجه گیری، چگونه این اتفاق می افتاد؟ | en-fa |
Well, Egypt is a good starting point. | Vel, Egypt er et godt utgangspunkt. | en-nb |
The Arab uprisings have demonstrated that this is already beginning. | 아랍국가에서의 반란은 이미 이것이 시작되었다는걸 제시했습니다 | en-ko |
But what happened in the Arab uprisings and what happened in Egypt was particularly cathartic for me. | אך מה שקרה בעולם הערבי ובמצרים היה במיוחד מזכך עבורי. | en-he |
What happened there was a political coalition gathered together for a political goal, and that was to remove the leader. | Lo que pasó es que una coalición política se unió con un objetivo político: derribar al líder político. | en-es |
We need to move one step beyond that now. | Biz şimdi bir adım daha öteye gitmeliyiz. | en-tr |
We need to see how we can help those societies move from political coalitions, loosely based political coalitions, to civilizational coalitions that are working for the ideals and narratives of the democratic culture on the ground. | Precisamos de dar mais um passo agora. Precisamos de ver como podemos ajudar estas sociedades passar das coligações políticas de bases frouxas para coligações civilizacionais, que funcionem para os ideais e as narrativas | en-pt |
Because it's not enough to remove a leader or ruler or dictator. | Detta eftersom det inte är tillräckligt att bara få bort en ledare eller en statschef eller en diktator. | en-sv |
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