id stringlengths 17 17 | subset stringclasses 2
values | is_combinatorial bool 2
classes | hardness_tier stringclasses 5
values | context stringlengths 0 4.02k | question stringlengths 1 845 | options stringlengths 26 1.73k | answer stringclasses 53
values | true_statement stringclasses 5
values | reasoning_type stringclasses 4
values | task_format stringclasses 9
values | tier_config stringclasses 22
values | tier stringclasses 5
values | gold_score float64 37.9 790 | original_id stringlengths 0 17 | full_metrics stringlengths 331 343 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LOGI-753ea760d119 | base | false | base | The price of gold has increased by almost thirty-five percent across the globe over the last year. As a result, previously abandoned gold mines, which were once seen as financially unviable, have been re-opened. An example of this can be seen at the southern Indian state of Karnataka, where companies are re-opening gol... | Indias demand for imported old is increasing | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 87.93 | {"gold_score": 87.93, "coherence_depth": 0.15, "cognitive_entropy": 0.18, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 47, "logic_density": 2.23, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 3375, "reasoning_segments": 158, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-140127aa77a2 | base | false | base | Some motors are books. Some scooters are motors. All girls are scooters. | Some girls are books. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | syllogism | {} | 48.74 | {"gold_score": 48.74, "coherence_depth": 0.12, "cognitive_entropy": 0.18, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 26, "logic_density": 1.76, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.6, "thinking_length": 2826, "reasoning_segments": 206, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-a7df1e61ed62 | combinatorial | true | Hard | 螺旋锥蝇是一种极具攻击性的食肉蝇，偏好鲜血和活肉，喜欢攻击恒温动物（比如人类、牲畜）身上的小伤口，传播各类病菌。科学研究发现，雌螺旋锥蝇是单配性的，一生只能交配一次。据此，有科学家提出一种'以蝇制蝇'的昆虫绝育方法来消灭螺旋锥蝇，即将雄蝇置于超高辐射之下使其失去繁殖能力后放生到野外，如果雌蝇与之交配，产下的卵将不会孵化，日积月累，整个螺旋锥蝇种族就会自然消失。
以下各项如果为真，则除哪项外均能质疑上述科学家的建议：
I. 经实验改造的绝育雄蝇数量不一定多于自然状态下有生育能力的雄蝇
II. 用放射性手段改变雄螺旋锥蝇的特性，可能会破坏大自然的生态平衡
III. 雌螺旋锥蝇有可能会排斥经过超高辐射而失去繁殖能力的雄螺旋锥蝇
IV. 虽... | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "B. I \u6216 II", "C. \u975e I", "D. \u4ec5 III", "E. IV \u6216 I"] | ["C", "E"] | IV | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["NOT", "OR"], "tier": "Hard"} | Hard | 204.03 | LOGI-a7df1e61ed62 | {"gold_score": 204.03, "coherence_depth": 0.24, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 126, "logic_density": 3.57, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.8, "thinking_length": 3822, "reasoning_segments": 273, "is_hi... |
LOGI-baa53de1b5df | base | false | base | Byrne: One of our club's bylaws specifies that any officer who fails to appear on time for any one of the quarterly board meetings, or who misses two of our monthly general meetings, must be suspended. Thibodeaux, an officer, was recently suspended. But Thibodeaux has never missed a monthly general meeting. Therefore, ... | The reasoning in Byrne's argument is flawed in that the argument | ["A. fails to consider the possibility that Thibodeaux has arrived late for two or more monthly general meetings", "B. presumes, without providing justification, that if certain events each produce a particular result, then no other event is sufficient to produce that result", "C. takes for granted that an assumption r... | "B" | abductive | argument analysis | {} | 86.04 | {"gold_score": 86.04, "coherence_depth": 0.19, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 46, "logic_density": 2.86, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 6719, "reasoning_segments": 378, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-d5ad6368e3c2 | base | false | base | Recently, photons and neutrinos emitted by a distant supernova, an explosion of a star, reached Earth at virtually the same time. This finding supports Einstein's claim that gravity is a property of space itself, in the sense that a body exerts gravitational pull by curving the space around it. The simultaneous arrival... | Which statement most strengthens this reasoning? | ["A. Einstein predicted that photons and neutrinos emitted by any one supernova would reach Earth simultaneously.", "B. If gravity is not a property of space itself, then photons and neutrinos emitted simultaneously by a distant event will reach Earth at different times.", "C. Photons and neutrinos emitted by distant e... | "B" | abductive | argument analysis | {} | 47.89 | {"gold_score": 47.89, "coherence_depth": 0.18, "cognitive_entropy": 0.18, "abductive_strength": 1.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 18, "logic_density": 2.71, "dim_awareness": 3.0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.3, "thinking_length": 4452, "reasoning_segments": 286, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-a8ee4d572e54 | base | false | base | M Z 3 + T # & I H N % 8 $ J Q 1 L M * @ X R 6 4 # D F + | How many letters are either immediately followed by number or preceded by symbol but not both? | ["A. None", "B. One", "C. Two", "D. Three", "E. More than 3"] | "E" | inductive | logical sequence | {} | 55.47 | {"gold_score": 55.47, "coherence_depth": 0.1, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 2, "pivot_count": 35, "logic_density": 1.54, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 1.0, "fallacy_risk": 3.2, "thinking_length": 10798, "reasoning_segments": 935, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-6d3760c413c6 | base | false | base | In a certain code language, 'action speaks louder' is coded as '6ca 7ka 8ud', 'movie speaks truth' is coded as '4vm 8ud 5ht', 'action packed movie' is coded as '2ck 6ca 4vm', 'truth louder lie' is coded as '3el 5ht 7ka'. | ["A. 7ka 5ht", "B. 2ck 3el", "C. 3el 5ht", "D. 2ck 5ht", "E. Can't be determined"] | "D" | inductive | coding and decoding | {} | 60.58 | {"gold_score": 60.58, "coherence_depth": 0.13, "cognitive_entropy": 0.3, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 33, "logic_density": 1.98, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 6276, "reasoning_segments": 386, "is_high_qu... | ||||
LOGI-2ab89db2f693 | base | false | base | To get the free dessert, one must order an entree and a salad. But anyone who orders either an entree or a salad can receive a free soft drink. Thus, anyone who is not eligible for a free soft drink is not eligible for a free dessert. | The reasoning in the argument above is most similar to the reasoning in which one of the following arguments? | ["A. To get an executive position at Teltech, one needs a university diploma and sales experience. But anyone who has worked at Teltech for more than six months who does not have sales experience has a university diploma. Thus, one cannot get an executive position at Teltech unless one has worked there for six months."... | "C" | analogical | argument analysis | {} | 50.18 | {"gold_score": 50.18, "coherence_depth": 0.09, "cognitive_entropy": 0.16, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 25, "logic_density": 1.37, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 10054, "reasoning_segments": 508, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-d5fda90d76e9 | combinatorial | true | Easy | Pointing to a girl, Abhisek says, 'This girl is daughter of only child of my father.'
What is relation of Abhisek's wife to that girl?
I. Daughter
II. Mother
III. Aunt
IV. Sister | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u53ea\u6709 II", "B. \u4ec5 III", "C. \u4ec5 I", "D. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb"] | ["A"] | II | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 4, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Easy"} | Easy | 53.4 | LOGI-d5fda90d76e9 | {"gold_score": 53.4, "coherence_depth": 0.18, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 24, "logic_density": 2.66, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 1.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.3, "thinking_length": 4483, "reasoning_segments": 216, "is_high_... |
LOGI-6b0c169bc275 | base | false | base | It has been suggested that listening to music may develop an individuals imaginative ability. It can help people concentrate on thoughts, brainstorm ideas, help creativity in the formation of art and inventions and help people formulate solutions to complex tasks and theories. There have been examples of scientists who... | If an individual listened to classical music, originality may be achieved | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 38.69 | {"gold_score": 38.69, "coherence_depth": 0.13, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 17, "logic_density": 1.93, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 1918, "reasoning_segments": 100, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-a0015d60650e | base | false | base | Although autism was first discovered in 1943, it is still a relatively unknown disability. Children with autism do not show any signs of physical disability. It is a lifelong development disability that affects an individuals social interaction, social imagination and communication skills. Most sufferers can often have... | Autistic children are able to comprehend and put forward new ideas about creative play | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 46.1 | {"gold_score": 46.1, "coherence_depth": 0.12, "cognitive_entropy": 0.54, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 19, "logic_density": 1.73, "dim_awareness": 3.0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.8, "thinking_length": 3373, "reasoning_segments": 146, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-724689509295 | base | false | base | Which is the odd one out? | ["A. Penthouse", "B. Terrace", "C. Semi", "D. Town", "E. Country"] | "A" | analogical | odd one out | {} | 53.74 | {"gold_score": 53.74, "coherence_depth": 0.1, "cognitive_entropy": 0.32, "abductive_strength": 0.9, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 29, "logic_density": 1.43, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 7784, "reasoning_segments": 472, "is_high_qu... | ||||
LOGI-09c2772b5270 | base | false | base | Humans have hunted whales for thousands of years, but in the 18th and 19th centuries whaling became an important industry, due to high demand for whale oil. Even after industrialisation, whaling carried on at unsustainable levels and by the mid-twentieth century whale populations had severely declined. The Internationa... | Japan, Norway and Iceland are the only nations in favour of repealing the 1986 whaling moratorium. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 66.69 | {"gold_score": 66.69, "coherence_depth": 0.12, "cognitive_entropy": 0.54, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 35, "logic_density": 1.77, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 5128, "reasoning_segments": 246, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-274b9c599ec1 | base | false | base | Are supermarkets to blame for the increase in obesity in the UK? Critics suggest that the low cost of high-fatty foods, such as ready meals, has led to the alarming rates of obesity in the UK. However, an opposing school of thought suggests that other factors are in fact to blame. One possible reason for this is the he... | Low cost of junk food may be to blame for the high levels of obesity. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | abductive | textual entailment | {} | 76.04 | {"gold_score": 76.04, "coherence_depth": 0.15, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 41, "logic_density": 2.2, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.8, "thinking_length": 4812, "reasoning_segments": 231, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-6f9ddbca4fbb | base | false | base | On 17th February 2013, at the annual Sports Conference conference, Government has been accused of "turning its back on school sport" and undermining the Olympic legacy six months after the Games. Shadow Sports Minister Clive Efford MP told the BBC: "What has gone on in school sport is absolutely disastrous. Education S... | Two hours of PE are no longer done at any UK schools | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 91.36 | {"gold_score": 91.36, "coherence_depth": 0.15, "cognitive_entropy": 0.84, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 54, "logic_density": 2.18, "dim_awareness": 3.0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 4.0, "thinking_length": 6189, "reasoning_segments": 348, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-aad6f406eefe | base | false | base | The debate over the British Museums Parthenon sculptures, also called the Elgin Marbles, has run for nearly two centuries. Marble statues were removed with official permission from the ruins of the Parthenon in 1801 by Lord Elgin, the British Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire. He sold these ancient Greek treasures to ... | Greeks believe that the Elgin Marbles technically do not belong to the British Museum. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 60.46 | {"gold_score": 60.46, "coherence_depth": 0.04, "cognitive_entropy": 0.18, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 36, "logic_density": 0.58, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 2835, "reasoning_segments": 120, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-be9981c751f4 | base | false | base | The Far Eastern practical philosophy of Confucianism did not begin as a religion and, unlike other religious institutions, does not have a clergy or church associated with tt. It has been followed for two millennia in China and was the state orthodoxy until the Chinese Revolution in 1911. Whilst it 1s not an organised ... | Confucianism is both a religion and a system of philosophy. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 40.67 | {"gold_score": 40.67, "coherence_depth": 0.1, "cognitive_entropy": 0.54, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 20, "logic_density": 1.51, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 4239, "reasoning_segments": 175, "is_high_qu... | |||
LOGI-a4d110098a33 | base | false | base | Genuine altruism, when defined as selfless helping, has been shown in recent years to be a most elusive, indeed paradoxical, concept. In fact, some people now view it as some kind of ideal that never really existed. How could anybody be entirely selfless and help without any expectation of a reward of some type? Accord... | We can now say that altruistic behavior, that is selfless helping, used to be better understood in the past. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 39.47 | {"gold_score": 39.47, "coherence_depth": 0.05, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.33, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 16, "logic_density": 0.77, "dim_awareness": 3.0, "option_coverage": 0.75, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 1965, "reasoning_segments": 125, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-f4a5e1944b13 | base | false | base | Outside the cities, people have no alternative but to drive their cars to get their children to school, get to hospitals and to go shopping. They already pay among the highest petrol duties in the world and an annual road tax that raises far more than is spent on the national infrastructure. Now they face, within a dec... | The rich will be able to drive along unencumbered by the mass of ordinary drivers only if the charges are so high that the majority of road users are priced off the roads. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 64.63 | {"gold_score": 64.63, "coherence_depth": 0.13, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 32, "logic_density": 1.96, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 6115, "reasoning_segments": 342, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-f9790a629019 | base | false | base | A leading supermarket recently announced plans to open twenty-five new stores, despite the difficult economic conditions facing the country. It is hoped that the expansion will create more than 6,500 jobs over the next year, with the focus placed on local residents who are currently unemployed. This announcement comes ... | It was recently announced that a supermarket opens new stores, despite financial problems. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 49.21 | {"gold_score": 49.21, "coherence_depth": 0.09, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 27, "logic_density": 1.28, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 3686, "reasoning_segments": 144, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-1da058c482fe | base | false | base | In a certain code language, all the consonants of English alphabet series are coded from 1 to 6 such that B is coded as 1, C as 2 and so on till H is coded as 6, thereafter the codes get repeated i.e. J is coded as 1, K as 2 and so on. The codes for vowels start with the code of Y. If Y is coded as 1, then A's code wil... | ["A. TRIBAL", "B. CREATE", "C. FISCAL", "D. ALBUMS", "E. None of these"] | "B" | inductive | coding and decoding | {} | 68.12 | {"gold_score": 68.12, "coherence_depth": 0.04, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 42, "logic_density": 0.57, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 15216, "reasoning_segments": 834, "is_high... | ||||
LOGI-2b13bb935563 | base | false | base | False chicory's taproot is always one half as long as the plant is tall. Furthermore, the more rain false chicory receives, the taller it tends to grow. In fact, false chicory plants that receive greater than twice the average rainfall of the species' usual habitat always reach above-average heights for false chicory. | If the statements above are true, then which one of the following must also be true? | ["A. If two false chicory plants differ in height, then it is likely that the one with the shorter taproot has received less than twice the average rainfall of the species' usual habitat.", "B. If a false chicory plant has a longer-than-average taproot, then it is likely to have received more than twice the average rai... | "E" | deductive | argument analysis | {} | 88.53 | {"gold_score": 88.53, "coherence_depth": 0.19, "cognitive_entropy": 0.3, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 48, "logic_density": 2.83, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.3, "thinking_length": 6957, "reasoning_segments": 385, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-cfc45d4d480f | base | false | base | Principle: It is healthy for children to engage in an activity that promotes their intellectual development only if engaging in that activity does not detract from their social development. Application: Although Megan's frequent reading stimulates her intellectually, it reduces the amount of time she spends interacting... | The application of the principle is most vulnerable to criticism on which one of the following grounds? | ["A. It misinterprets the principle as a universal claim intended to hold in all cases without exception, rather than as a mere generalization.", "B. It overlooks the possibility that the benefits of a given activity may sometimes be important enough to outweigh the adverse health effects.", "C. It misinterprets the pr... | "D" | abductive | argument analysis | {} | 91.39 | {"gold_score": 91.39, "coherence_depth": 0.14, "cognitive_entropy": 0.1, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 50, "logic_density": 2.09, "dim_awareness": 3.0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.6, "thinking_length": 6613, "reasoning_segments": 430, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-871d9d878f86 | base | false | base | In casual language, the terms theory and model are often used interchangeably. From a technical point of view there is an important difference. Theories provide a general framework, but because of the generality of the specification, a theory cannot be shown to be useful or useless until it is fully specified in the fo... | Most people fail to understand the difference between a theory and a model. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 56.32 | {"gold_score": 56.32, "coherence_depth": 0.08, "cognitive_entropy": 0.96, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 29, "logic_density": 1.21, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 5312, "reasoning_segments": 291, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-19af26679426 | combinatorial | true | Hard | In family A,B,C,D,E,F: two married couples; D is grandmother of A and mother of B; C is B's wife and F's mother; F is E's granddaughter.
Identify couples.
I. CD
II. DE
III. EB
IV. None | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u975e III", "B. \u4ec5 I", "C. \u4ec5 II", "D. \u975e II", "E. \u4ec5 III"] | ["A", "D"] | IV | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["NOT"], "tier": "Hard"} | Hard | 125.43 | LOGI-19af26679426 | {"gold_score": 125.43, "coherence_depth": 0.35, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 71, "logic_density": 5.18, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 6465, "reasoning_segments": 803, "is_hig... |
LOGI-0a4bf8abd2e6 | combinatorial | true | Medium | Pick the odd one out from the given options.
I. Eyes
II. Tongue
III. Nose
IV. Chin | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. II \u6216 IV", "B. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "C. IV \u6216 I", "D. \u4ec5 I", "E. II \u6216 III"] | ["A", "E"] | II | analogical | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["OR"], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 42.74 | LOGI-0a4bf8abd2e6 | {"gold_score": 42.74, "coherence_depth": 0.11, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 1.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 18, "logic_density": 1.67, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 3426, "reasoning_segments": 235, "is_high... |
LOGI-87412c546902 | base | false | base | An important skill when working in an office environment is the ability to get on well with those around you. As many people spend the majority of their waking day at work, the ability to be polite and respectful has never been more important. For this reason, when hiring new staff, employers look at the inter-personal... | Many people spend the majority of their day at work. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 43.48 | {"gold_score": 43.48, "coherence_depth": 0.14, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 20, "logic_density": 2.14, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 1.0, "thinking_length": 6927, "reasoning_segments": 357, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-c0fc2e31c672 | combinatorial | true | Easy | Anupam said to a lady, 'The only daughter of my wife's brother is sister-in-law of your sister's brother.'
How is lady's husband related to Anupam?
I. Maternal uncle
II. Uncle
III. Father
IV. Son-in-law | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u53ea\u6709 IV", "B. \u4ec5 II", "C. \u4ec5 I", "D. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb"] | ["A"] | IV | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 4, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Easy"} | Easy | 196.28 | LOGI-c0fc2e31c672 | {"gold_score": 196.28, "coherence_depth": 0.17, "cognitive_entropy": 0.68, "abductive_strength": 1.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 119, "logic_density": 2.61, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 17799, "reasoning_segments": 852, "is_h... |
LOGI-27898b1c1c98 | combinatorial | true | Expert | 在自然选择中，只有有性繁殖才能产生随机变异，环境压力（如疾病侵害）会使有益的突变（如获得抗病性）固定下来。但在无性繁殖中，后代的遗传物质不会随繁殖代数的增加发生变异。由于华蕉（香蕉的一个品种）主要通过扦插繁殖，全球范围内种植的所有华蕉均为同一植物的无性繁殖后代。因此，一旦有新型病菌开始侵染，华蕉很可能会和19世纪中期因感染病菌而绝迹的大麦克香蕉品种一样全军覆没。
根据这段文字，可以推出：
I. 若后代的遗传物质不通过繁殖发生变异，那么这种繁殖就不是无性繁殖
II. 若环境变化不能使有益的突变固定下来，那么有性繁殖就没有产生变异
III. 只要被新型病菌感染，华蕉品种就会像大麦克香蕉的品种一样逐渐消亡
IV. 如果华蕉品种采用扦插繁殖... | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u975e II \u4e14\u975e III", "B. IV \u6216 III", "C. \u4ec5 II", "D. \u975e II", "E. \u4ec5 I", "F. \u4ec5 III"] | ["A", "B", "D"] | IV | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 6, "n_correct": 3, "operators": ["NOT", "OR"], "tier": "Expert"} | Expert | 211.85 | LOGI-27898b1c1c98 | {"gold_score": 211.85, "coherence_depth": 0.19, "cognitive_entropy": 0.36, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 129, "logic_density": 2.83, "dim_awareness": 3.0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 1.4, "thinking_length": 11958, "reasoning_segments": 859, "is_... |
LOGI-fb48cefdcd12 | combinatorial | true | Easy | Pointing to Gopi, Nalni says, 'I am the daughter of the only son of his grandfather.'
How is Nalni related to Gopi?
I. Niece
II. Daughter
III. Sister
IV. Cannot be determined | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u53ea\u6709 III", "B. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "C. \u4ec5 I", "D. \u4ec5 IV"] | ["A"] | III | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 4, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Easy"} | Easy | 85.45 | LOGI-fb48cefdcd12 | {"gold_score": 85.45, "coherence_depth": 0.25, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 45, "logic_density": 3.75, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 11485, "reasoning_segments": 578, "is_high... |
LOGI-49e239a1f641 | base | false | base | Competition between television channel providers to broadcast movies is fierce. The following information has been gathered by the UK Competition Commission, who investigated the acquisition of movie rights by a number of leading broadcasters in the UK.The Commission found that competition is limited by the dominant pr... | The Competition Commission looks at all broadcasters in the UK. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 64.33 | {"gold_score": 64.33, "coherence_depth": 0.08, "cognitive_entropy": 0.72, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 34, "logic_density": 1.24, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 10503, "reasoning_segments": 451, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-ff6b7e0d3029 | base | false | base | An important skill when working in an office environment is the ability to get on well with those around you. As many people spend the majority of their waking day at work, the ability to be polite and respectful has never been more important. For this reason, when hiring new staff, employers look at the inter-personal... | Respectful individuals are more likely to get promoted. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 40.13 | {"gold_score": 40.13, "coherence_depth": 0.09, "cognitive_entropy": 0.24, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 18, "logic_density": 1.3, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 2791, "reasoning_segments": 156, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-945bdae4fc42 | base | false | base | The average British company uses only 55 per cent of tts office space and two-thirds of employees are unhappy with their work environment, according to a survey recently undertaken by the design consultancy Best Desks Ltd. This inefficient use of space equates to over ten billion pounds of waste in London alone. The ad... | The passage suggests that most British companies should move into smaller premises, thus saving money. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 67.09 | {"gold_score": 67.09, "coherence_depth": 0.11, "cognitive_entropy": 0.54, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 36, "logic_density": 1.6, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 7196, "reasoning_segments": 380, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-9ba87953fdc8 | base | false | base | In the mid-nineteenth century, the French novelist Emile lola announced to his publisher that he was embarking on a cycle of novels in the style of Balzac that would explore various aspects of life in France during the Second Empire. Unlike La Comedie Humaine, though, lola's cycle would focus its attentions on one fami... | Zola'snovels are set in Paris. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 50.94 | {"gold_score": 50.94, "coherence_depth": 0.13, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 30, "logic_density": 1.99, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 2.3, "thinking_length": 10456, "reasoning_segments": 528, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-42dabace00ef | base | false | base | Hybrid cars use half as much fuel as their petrol-only equivalents; a petrol engine is used to drive the wheels and to charge a large battery that powers an electric motor and in turn also drives the wheels. Hybrids cost around $3,500 more than an equivalent petrol car. This high price makes the economics questionable ... | An economic case for buying a hybrid car might be made in the United States but not in Europe. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 46.43 | {"gold_score": 46.43, "coherence_depth": 0.14, "cognitive_entropy": 0.3, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 22, "logic_density": 2.16, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.3, "thinking_length": 4045, "reasoning_segments": 196, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-42b9ccbc755d | base | false | base | The history of bread and cake starts with Neolithic cooks and marches through time according to ingredient availability, advances in technology, economic conditions, socio- cultural influences, legal rights (Medieval guilds), and evolving taste. The earliest breads were unleavened. Variations in grain, thickness, shape... | Yeast was used in 4004 B. C | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | abductive | textual entailment | {} | 83.07 | {"gold_score": 83.07, "coherence_depth": 0.15, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 44, "logic_density": 2.19, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 6169, "reasoning_segments": 311, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-438dab977ce5 | base | false | base | Some pearls are gems. All gems are diamonds. No diamond is stone. Some stones are corals. | Some corals being diamond is a possibility. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | syllogism | {} | 82.12 | {"gold_score": 82.12, "coherence_depth": 0.18, "cognitive_entropy": 0.6, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 44, "logic_density": 2.7, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 5565, "reasoning_segments": 322, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-bfde8d51b7e2 | base | false | base | Even when policies seem gender-neutral they can still affect men and women differently. Soon laws will mean that all public bodies in every area, from health and education to transport, will have a new responsibility to demonstrate that they are treating men and women equally. The law is outcome-focused rather than pro... | It can be inferred from the passage that seemingly gender- neutral policies may affect men and women differently because men and women often have different needs. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 61.32 | {"gold_score": 61.32, "coherence_depth": 0.23, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 27, "logic_density": 3.46, "dim_awareness": 3.0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 2325, "reasoning_segments": 149, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-20ea6fcf53f7 | base | false | base | About 40 percent of urban Indian husbands think it is a good idea for wives with school age children to work outside the home. Only about ten percent of rural Indian husbands approve of the same. Every second urban Indian wife, and one in four rural Indian wives with school age children has a job outside her home. | Rural Indian husbands would seem to be less satisfied about working wives who have school-age children than urban Indian husbands. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 102.77 | {"gold_score": 102.77, "coherence_depth": 0.14, "cognitive_entropy": 0.78, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 60, "logic_density": 2.16, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.8, "thinking_length": 11403, "reasoning_segments": 732, "is_h... | |||
LOGI-ddbcecd1bd01 | combinatorial | true | Hard | 研究认为7万年前多巴火山喷发使非洲以外人类灭绝，非洲人是其他地区人群直接祖先。
最能质疑的是：
I. 火山喷发后非洲外仍有人类活动
II. 火山仅对附近有毁灭性影响
III. 10-4万年前东亚人类演化未中断
IV. 尼安德特人基因现存智人中 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. III \u6216 IV", "B. \u975e II", "C. \u975e IV", "D. \u4ec5 IV", "E. \u4ec5 II"] | ["A", "B", "C"] | III | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 3, "operators": ["NOT", "OR"], "tier": "Hard"} | Hard | 312.72 | LOGI-ddbcecd1bd01 | {"gold_score": 312.72, "coherence_depth": 0.14, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 198, "logic_density": 2.14, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.7, "thinking_length": 6123, "reasoning_segments": 422, "is_hi... |
LOGI-0a17261de25f | base | false | base | Over half the population of the UK take a form of food supplement daily. Food supplements, such as vitamin c, are said to make up for a lack of nutrients in an individuals diet. An example of this can be seen with vegetarianism. Vegetarians are recommended to take iron supplements to make-up for a lack of iron, most co... | Half the UK population take multivitamin daily | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 43.65 | {"gold_score": 43.65, "coherence_depth": 0.19, "cognitive_entropy": 0.54, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 19, "logic_density": 2.88, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 5704, "reasoning_segments": 259, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-e4b4e2810940 | base | false | base | An advertisement for a leading racquet manufacturer made the following claim: The last five Wimbledon mens single champions have all changed to Heads new tennis rackets the only racket that uses genuine nano technology in its frame. In that case, isnt now the time to add power to your tennis strokes and to trade in you... | Nano technology strengthened frames make tennis rackets stronger and allow the player to make more powerful strokes. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 41.44 | {"gold_score": 41.44, "coherence_depth": 0.07, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 22, "logic_density": 1.02, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 3290, "reasoning_segments": 146, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-05aca675af6e | base | false | base | Even though the minimum age for obtaining a driving license has increased in recent years a substantial increase in car sales over the corresponding years has resulted in a staggering rise in fatal car accident numbers. As the latest figures show, fatal car accidents are especially prevalent among young drivers who hav... | The considerable increase in car sales is the reason behind the sharp increase in fatal car accidents. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 86.48 | {"gold_score": 86.48, "coherence_depth": 0.13, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 45, "logic_density": 1.89, "dim_awareness": 3.0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 6457, "reasoning_segments": 351, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-3ed447ec03af | base | false | base | To determine whether interbreeding took place among Homo species before the populations that became modern humans left Africa, evolutionary biologists studied DNA from two African hunter-gatherer groups, the Biaka Pygmies and the San, and from a West African agricultural population, the Mandenka. Each of these groups i... | Since the genetic diversity of the three African populations was high, while that of the indigenous population was low, researchers concluded that the three African populations had interbred. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 83.81 | {"gold_score": 83.81, "coherence_depth": 0.09, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 50, "logic_density": 1.33, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.3, "thinking_length": 6798, "reasoning_segments": 306, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-d46feb408c77 | base | false | base | The first ever low-cost tablet with a three-hour battery which works only with Wi-Fi for accessing the Internet will be a game changer for Indias rural population who have been on the wrong side of the digital divide in the country. Stated Company X, the manufacturers of the tabled on their role in providing access to... | Other tablets did not have the features such as Wi-Fi connectivity. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 54.9 | {"gold_score": 54.9, "coherence_depth": 0.15, "cognitive_entropy": 0.24, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 27, "logic_density": 2.18, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.75, "fallacy_risk": 0.9, "thinking_length": 4030, "reasoning_segments": 222, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-bc1348313c8c | base | false | base | Internet experts are warning of a new multitude of extremely dangerous computer viruses that have recently been causing devastation and could potentially cripple entire global computer systems. These viruses can replicate thousands of copies within hours and are capable of extirpating security software that, in turn, e... | Internet experts are advising computer users to replace their software if they suspect it has been tampered with. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 43.7 | {"gold_score": 43.7, "coherence_depth": 0.13, "cognitive_entropy": 0.48, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 23, "logic_density": 1.94, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 4519, "reasoning_segments": 235, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-fefdc89051d7 | base | false | base | Friskies is an animal rescue centre based in the East End of London. It operates on a donations basis, gaining financial support from the local community. However, due to the current economic climate, Friskies has noticed a reduction in the amount of funds it receives. For this reason, they have decided to host a fund-... | Friskies open day aims to raise awareness of animal cruelty. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | abductive | textual entailment | {} | 44.84 | {"gold_score": 44.84, "coherence_depth": 0.12, "cognitive_entropy": 0.36, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 23, "logic_density": 1.83, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 4113, "reasoning_segments": 180, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-3db8aba1349f | base | false | base | Oil sands are most commonly found in Venezuelas Orinoco Basin and Alberta, Canada. Modern technology has made the extraction of crude bitumen, or unconventional oil, from these oil sands much easier. The crude oil that is extracted from traditional oil wells is a free-flowing mixture of hydrocarbons, whereas oil sands ... | Bitumen is a highly viscous form of petroleum that needs to be heated to flow. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 42.98 | {"gold_score": 42.98, "coherence_depth": 0.08, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 21, "logic_density": 1.27, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 6370, "reasoning_segments": 299, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-a12b9f03200f | base | false | base | Look at this series: 7, 10, 19, 14, 17, 19, 21 | What numbers should come next? | ["A. 24, 17", "B. 24, 19", "C. 24, 27", "D. 25, 28", "E. 19, 22"] | "B" | inductive | logical sequence | {} | 43.57 | {"gold_score": 43.57, "coherence_depth": 0.11, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 2, "pivot_count": 25, "logic_density": 1.71, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.3, "thinking_length": 3916, "reasoning_segments": 290, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-8f3bff43ba30 | base | false | base | Dense fog disrupted movement of several passenger trains under East Central Railway (ECR) division. Many trains on Patna-New Delhi-Patna route were delayed due to dense fog. | Only the trains operating under ECR get delayed in the winter season. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 39.7 | {"gold_score": 39.7, "coherence_depth": 0.15, "cognitive_entropy": 0.36, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 21, "logic_density": 2.22, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 3.2, "thinking_length": 4048, "reasoning_segments": 247, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-1177769f4c66 | combinatorial | true | Medium | 听古典音乐有助于提高儿童智商，这一发现被形象地称作'莫扎特效应'。心理学家弗朗西斯·罗彻对36位大学生做了一个实验，他让其中18位学生在做一些空间推理题之前听10分钟莫扎特的D小调奏鸣曲。结果，在将一张纸叠几次剪开后会是什么形状的测试中，这18人有明显进步。
以下各项如果为真，最不能削弱上述观点的是：
I. 听古典音乐的效果有1.5个智商点的提高，但仅限于折纸实验
II. 听了莫扎特音乐的学生学习能力本身就比其他学生更强
III. 听反向莫扎特音乐（把莫扎特音乐的音符以相反序列排列）对人有负效应，即其行为认知能力减退
IV. 演奏乐器时的触觉反应刺激了大脑中的皮层，使得人的脑功能达到最优化状态 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u53ea\u6709 IV", "B. \u4ec5 IV", "C. \u4ec5 III", "D. \u4ec5 II", "E. III \u6216 I"] | ["A", "B"] | IV | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["EXACT"], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 96.02 | LOGI-1177769f4c66 | {"gold_score": 96.02, "coherence_depth": 0.19, "cognitive_entropy": 0.66, "abductive_strength": 1.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 52, "logic_density": 2.82, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 7396, "reasoning_segments": 569, "is_hig... |
LOGI-2c05de32b63e | combinatorial | true | Medium | 近来，有科学家研究了历史上气候变化对人类社会的影响。他们发现，全球超过80%的国家及地区在气候寒冷时期爆发的战争次数是温暖时期的两倍；在中国过去的1000多年里，战争、大范围动乱和朝代更替大都对应着特别漫长的寒冷时期；欧洲1550年到1850年的'小冰期'与欧洲历史上发生过的猎巫事件甚至法国大革命之间都存在紧密的联系。由此，他们得出结论：气候变冷会导致社会冲突和朝代更替的发生。
以下哪项如果为真，最能质疑上述科学家的观点：
I. 气候变化总在发生，社会冲突、朝代更替也总在发生，共同发生变化的东西不一定存在因果联系
II. 气候变暖是引发人类冲突与战争的重要原因，例如，在1981年到2002年间的温度升高期间，撒哈拉以南非洲国家内战的... | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. III \u6216 II", "B. \u4ec5 I", "C. \u4ec5 III", "D. I \u6216 III", "E. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb"] | ["B", "D"] | I | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["EXACT", "OR"], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 152.31 | LOGI-2c05de32b63e | {"gold_score": 152.31, "coherence_depth": 0.14, "cognitive_entropy": 0.24, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 90, "logic_density": 2.13, "dim_awareness": 3.0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.6, "thinking_length": 3671, "reasoning_segments": 255, "is_hi... |
LOGI-275afa318f3c | base | false | base | Jurist: A nation's laws must be viewed as expressions of a moral code that transcends those laws and serves as a measure of their adequacy. Otherwise, a society can have no sound basis for preferring any given set of laws to all others. Thus, any moral prohibition against the violation of statutes must leave room for e... | Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the jurist's statements? | ["A. Those who formulate statutes are not primarily concerned with morality when they do so.", "B. Sometimes criteria other than the criteria derived from a moral code should be used in choosing one set of laws over another.", "C. Unless it is legally forbidden ever to violate some moral rules, moral behavior and compl... | "E" | deductive | argument analysis | {} | 59.87 | {"gold_score": 59.87, "coherence_depth": 0.27, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 32, "logic_density": 4.02, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.6, "thinking_length": 3660, "reasoning_segments": 282, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-de5b9d2e9404 | combinatorial | true | Easy | 某公司年会，准备排练一个话剧节目，需要四个男演员，分别是男一号、男二号、男三号、男四号，经过抽签，由甲、乙、丙、丁四个人各演一个角色。已知：①丙不当男一号，也不当男四号；②乙不当男一号，也不当男三号；③丁不当男三号，也不当男四号；④甲不当男一号，也不当男四号；⑤除非丁不当男一号，否则甲当男三号。
由此可以推出：
I. 乙当男三号，丁当男四号
II. 甲当男二号，丙当男三号
III. 丙当男二号，甲当男三号
IV. 丁当男三号，丙当男二号 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ec5 II", "B. III \u4e3a\u771f", "C. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "D. \u4ec5 I"] | ["B"] | III | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 4, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Easy"} | Easy | 65.71 | LOGI-de5b9d2e9404 | {"gold_score": 65.71, "coherence_depth": 0.34, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 33, "logic_density": 5.04, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 5123, "reasoning_segments": 552, "is_high_q... |
LOGI-c8f6252437ef | combinatorial | true | Medium | 家里有四个孩子，分别为甲、乙、丙和丁，一天，放在餐桌上的糖果少了几颗，母亲问是谁偷吃了糖果，四个孩子各有说辞：甲说：我们中有人偷吃了糖果；乙说：我们四个都没偷吃糖果；丙说：乙和丁至少有一人没有偷吃糖果；丁说：我没偷吃糖果。
如果四个孩子中有两个说真话，有两个说假话，则说真话的是：
I. 说真话的是甲和丙
II. 说真话的是甲和丁
III. 说真话的是乙和丙
IV. 说真话的是乙和丁 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. II \u6216 III", "B. \u4ec5 III", "C. \u4ec5 II", "D. I \u4e3a\u771f", "E. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb"] | ["D"] | I | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 40.6 | LOGI-c8f6252437ef | {"gold_score": 40.6, "coherence_depth": 0.23, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 18, "logic_density": 3.38, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 4569, "reasoning_segments": 435, "is_high_... |
LOGI-cdc6efce0d90 | base | false | base | Statement: The water situation is grim as the total storage in 91 main reservoirs across the country has gone below the last 10- year average, says the report of the Central Water Commission (CWC). | Less rainfall across the country | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | abductive | textual entailment | {} | 44.81 | {"gold_score": 44.81, "coherence_depth": 0.18, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 2, "pivot_count": 23, "logic_density": 2.74, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 1579, "reasoning_segments": 100, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-dd51e47d5697 | base | false | base | The Dead Sea Scrolls are probably the most significant archaeological discovery of the twentieth century. More than 800 ancient documents, written on papyrus and parchment, were found in 1947 in desert caves at Qumran, near the Dead Sea. The texts mainly date from between the last century BCE and the first century CE a... | The Dead Sea Scrolls include the oldest known copy of the Book of Isaiah. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 39.22 | {"gold_score": 39.22, "coherence_depth": 0.12, "cognitive_entropy": 0.42, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 20, "logic_density": 1.73, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 4312, "reasoning_segments": 182, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-40c81a17442e | base | false | base | Our solar system has nine planets, each of which orbits the sun in an anticlockwise direction on the same plane so forming a disc-shaped system. The four inner ones, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, are spheres of rock while the four much larger outer planets, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, are gigantic balls of g... | Pluto has at least one moon. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 38.18 | {"gold_score": 38.18, "coherence_depth": 0.05, "cognitive_entropy": 0.24, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 20, "logic_density": 0.78, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 5868, "reasoning_segments": 213, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-29c85f0ce303 | base | false | base | In recent years, many issues have been considered when attempting to ameliorate the wellbeing of patients and the efficiency of hospital administration. Patients have often complained about endless waiting lists, low standards of cleanliness, poor hospital food, and unsatisfactory doctor-patient communication and now, ... | New hospital legislation states that healthcare professionals must have clean fingernails. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 51.5 | {"gold_score": 51.5, "coherence_depth": 0.1, "cognitive_entropy": 0.72, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 26, "logic_density": 1.57, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 1.4, "thinking_length": 6919, "reasoning_segments": 267, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-7c59fbd2f995 | combinatorial | true | Hard | 自1999年，人类在哥伦比亚西南部发现彩毛腿蜂鸟不久之后，彩毛腿蜂鸟的数量急剧减少，被世界自然保护联盟红色名录列入极危级别。所以人类的捕杀导致彩毛腿蜂鸟濒临灭绝。
下列哪项如果为真，能够对上述结论提出最大的质疑：
I. 由于人类的砍伐，每年平均有8.3%适合彩毛腿蜂鸟的栖息地消失掉
II. 彩毛腿蜂鸟的翅膀微黑，脚呈粉红色，非常可爱
III. 人类在发现彩毛腿蜂鸟后，向其栖息地引进了其他物种
IV. 世界自然保护联盟红色名录记载的都是濒临灭绝的生物 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "B. \u975e II", "C. II \u6216 III", "D. III \u6216 II", "E. I \u6216 III"] | ["B", "E"] | I | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["NOT", "OR"], "tier": "Hard"} | Hard | 59.55 | LOGI-7c59fbd2f995 | {"gold_score": 59.55, "coherence_depth": 0.16, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 31, "logic_density": 2.45, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 2026, "reasoning_segments": 142, "is_hig... |
LOGI-088cdc81bfff | combinatorial | true | Medium | 某单位开展内部竞岗，小李、小张、小陈、小王几名关系要好的同事都参加了竞岗，关于这几名同事的竞聘岗位及目前的薪酬信息如下：①小李和另外一个人竞聘财务主管，剩余的两个人，一个参加行政主管的竞聘，一人参加法务主管的竞聘；②竞聘行政主管的人目前年薪比小陈高；③小王并没有竞聘法务主管；④小王目前的年薪比小陈低。
根据以上信息，可以推断出：
I. 小陈和小李竞聘财务主管
II. 小张目前的年薪比小王低
III. 小陈并非竞聘法务主管
IV. 小张参加行政主管的竞聘 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "B. \u53ea\u6709 IV", "C. IV \u6216 III", "D. \u4ec5 I", "E. III \u6216 I"] | ["B", "C"] | IV | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["OR"], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 68.61 | LOGI-088cdc81bfff | {"gold_score": 68.61, "coherence_depth": 0.17, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 36, "logic_density": 2.52, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 4164, "reasoning_segments": 452, "is_hig... |
LOGI-f58d7c453087 | combinatorial | true | Medium | Introducing a boy, a girl said, 'He is the son of the daughter of the father of my uncle.'
How is the boy related to the girl?
I. Brother
II. Nephew
III. Uncle
IV. Son-in-law | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. III \u6216 II", "B. IV \u6216 II", "C. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "D. \u53ea\u6709 I", "E. I \u6216 II"] | ["D", "E"] | I | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 2, "operators": ["OR"], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 41.38 | LOGI-f58d7c453087 | {"gold_score": 41.38, "coherence_depth": 0.17, "cognitive_entropy": 0.18, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 19, "logic_density": 2.54, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.75, "fallacy_risk": 0.3, "thinking_length": 5095, "reasoning_segments": 228, "is_high... |
LOGI-c52ccb3956b9 | combinatorial | true | Medium | 研究人员对40名在校大学生进行了实验，他们让这些学生记忆斯瓦西里语对应的英文单词，一共十组，每组十对词汇，每学习完一组，对参与者进行回想测验，测验中，每错一次，他们将会看到两种图片的一种，一种是可以产生负面情绪的图片，例如一把指向自己的枪；另一种是普通的图片，例如一把椅子或是一个空白影像。随后对他们进行一分钟的附加实验，清除短暂记忆的效果。最后再对这一百对词汇的记忆情况进行检测。测验结果显示，那些获得最好成绩的学生之前看的都是有负面影响的图片。因此，研究人员认为，负面情绪有助于记忆力提高。
以下哪项如果为真，能够解释这一现象：
I. 看有负面影响的图片时，大脑仍在进行记忆信息的处理
II. 这40名被试大学生中，有的人曾经学过斯瓦西... | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. II \u6216 III", "B. \u4ec5 IV", "C. I \u6216 II", "D. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "E. \u4ec5 III"] | ["C"] | I | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 1, "operators": ["OR"], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 43.17 | LOGI-c52ccb3956b9 | {"gold_score": 43.17, "coherence_depth": 0.11, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 21, "logic_density": 1.67, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 2090, "reasoning_segments": 134, "is_high... |
LOGI-6be8616e8f26 | base | false | base | What is patriotism? Is it love of ones birthplace, the place of childhoods recollections and hopes, dreams and aspirations? Is it the place where, in child- like naivety, we would watch the fleeting clouds and wonder why we too could not run so swiftly? The place where we would count the milliard glittering stars, terr... | Few Americans of today are patriotic | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 98.7 | {"gold_score": 98.7, "coherence_depth": 0.14, "cognitive_entropy": 0.36, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 59, "logic_density": 2.13, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 9249, "reasoning_segments": 500, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-cf472baeea20 | combinatorial | true | Medium | P5QR P4QS P3QT ____ PQV
What combination should fill the blank?
I. PQW
II. PQV2
III. P2QU
IV. PQ3U | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. II \u6216 I", "B. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "C. III \u4e3a\u771f", "D. IV \u6216 I", "E. \u4ec5 II"] | ["C"] | III | inductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 45.65 | LOGI-cf472baeea20 | {"gold_score": 45.65, "coherence_depth": 0.14, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.33, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 23, "logic_density": 2.12, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 1.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.6, "thinking_length": 3441, "reasoning_segments": 259, "is_high_... |
LOGI-c2d076029621 | base | false | base | John and his partner Sarah are keen supporters of Midchester City Football Club and were travelling from Midchester to Oldfield to watch their team play in the FA Cup. The distance from Midchester to Oldfield is about 190 miles and John estimated that the travelling time would be about four hours. After they had been t... | The service station is about halfway between Midchester and Oldfield. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | situational judgement | {} | 70.32 | {"gold_score": 70.32, "coherence_depth": 0.17, "cognitive_entropy": 0.72, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 39, "logic_density": 2.48, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 6633, "reasoning_segments": 387, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-d9d7436951a9 | combinatorial | true | Hard | Here are some words translated from an artificial language: myncabel means saddle horse, conowir means trail ride, cabelalma means horse blanket
Which word could mean horse ride?
I. cabelwir
II. conocabel
III. almamyn
IV. conoalma | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. III \u6216 II", "B. \u4ec5 IV", "C. I \u6216 III", "D. \u53ea\u6709 I", "E. \u975e III"] | ["C", "D", "E"] | I | inductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 3, "operators": ["NOT", "OR"], "tier": "Hard"} | Hard | 45.55 | LOGI-d9d7436951a9 | {"gold_score": 45.55, "coherence_depth": 0.12, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 24, "logic_density": 1.74, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 7765, "reasoning_segments": 444, "is_high_q... |
LOGI-ca09f468af0b | base | false | base | There are many comic tropes a comedian or group of comedians may want to employ in their set or act, but for the purpose of this extract we shall focus on the device of the call-back. A call-back is a reference made to a previous joke, in a different context: for example, a comedian may make the joke why did the chicke... | A call-back cannot be used in an un-comic setting. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 41.42 | {"gold_score": 41.42, "coherence_depth": 0.15, "cognitive_entropy": 0.78, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 18, "logic_density": 2.24, "dim_awareness": 3.0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 2.4, "thinking_length": 4224, "reasoning_segments": 194, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-a4f26fa78744 | base | false | base | Most workers in the UK over the age of 16 are legally entitled to a minimum rate of pay, called the national minimum wage. An independent body called the Low Pay Commission (LPC) each year reviews this rate and passes their recommendation to the government, who then set and enforce the rate. With few exceptions, the mi... | Au pairs generally receive less than the minimum wage. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 57.32 | {"gold_score": 57.32, "coherence_depth": 0.1, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 27, "logic_density": 1.56, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.75, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 7141, "reasoning_segments": 396, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-aea20fdf42a1 | combinatorial | true | Medium | It is a crime to harm or threaten to harm someone who has reported a crime or someone who has plans to testify in court about a crime. This is called Retaliation.
Which situation below is the best example of Retaliation?
I. Ernie breaks Harold's nose with his fist. Ernie tells Harold he will break both of his legs if h... | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "B. III \u6216 II", "C. \u4ec5 III", "D. \u53ea\u6709 I", "E. II \u6216 III"] | ["D"] | I | analogical | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 73.29 | LOGI-aea20fdf42a1 | {"gold_score": 73.29, "coherence_depth": 0.09, "cognitive_entropy": 0.6, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 41, "logic_density": 1.41, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 8538, "reasoning_segments": 417, "is_high_... |
LOGI-a677b6e22a07 | combinatorial | true | Hard | 努力奋斗：脱贫攻坚
I. 地球自转：昼夜交替
II. 不入虎穴：焉得虎子
III. 大雁迁徙：季节变换
IV. 塞翁失马：焉知非福 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. I \u6216 II", "B. \u4ec5 II", "C. I \u6216 IV", "D. \u975e III", "E. II \u6216 III"] | ["A", "C", "D"] | I | analogical | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 3, "operators": ["NOT", "OR"], "tier": "Hard"} | Hard | 44.38 | LOGI-a677b6e22a07 | {"gold_score": 44.38, "coherence_depth": 0.1, "cognitive_entropy": 0.24, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 19, "logic_density": 1.55, "dim_awareness": 3.0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 3711, "reasoning_segments": 336, "is_high_... |
LOGI-e8f69166aac4 | base | false | base | Many businesses have clients, suppliers and employees all over the world. Keeping up with the demands of an international corporation would be impossible, or at least incredibly difficult, without a modern communications infrastructure. Today, with e-mail, cell phones, teleconferencing and video chats, it is possible t... | Thanks to modern communications infrastructure, conversational pleasantries have become uncommon. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 38.64 | {"gold_score": 38.64, "coherence_depth": 0.06, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 20, "logic_density": 0.83, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 3319, "reasoning_segments": 143, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-b8a54b8cabc8 | base | false | base | Horticulturalists must take into account many factors when planning the reproduction of plants. Propagation by seed is the most common method employed as it is relatively easy and has a good expected rate of germination, although this can drop if the seed has been packaged for more than a year. Many seeds can remain vi... | The rate at which seeds sprout can decline after the first year of being packaged. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 39.79 | {"gold_score": 39.79, "coherence_depth": 0.16, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 20, "logic_density": 2.36, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.3, "thinking_length": 2145, "reasoning_segments": 109, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-7fccd376583a | base | false | base | The cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation is the afterglow from the Big Bang, and weak as it may be today, these primeval microwaves hold valuable information about fundamental properties of the early universe. Slight differences, or anisotropies, in the brightness and polarization of the CMB reveal clues about t... | The wave lengths of the foreground signals are disregarded once they have been distinguished from the CMB. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 78.37 | {"gold_score": 78.37, "coherence_depth": 0.11, "cognitive_entropy": 0.54, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 43, "logic_density": 1.61, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 7977, "reasoning_segments": 385, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-141f16aeaa6d | base | false | base | Half of all the worlds wealth is now held by 2 per cent of the worlds population. There are estimated to be 500 dollar billion- aires and over half a billion dollar millionaires. At the other end of the spectrum, the poorest half of the worlds adult population cannot lay claim to even 1 per cent of global wealth. Per c... | The author would not agree that wealth is largely the monopoly of people living in North America, Europe and a few Asia Pacific countries. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 41.32 | {"gold_score": 41.32, "coherence_depth": 0.06, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 22, "logic_density": 0.87, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.75, "fallacy_risk": 0.7, "thinking_length": 2529, "reasoning_segments": 148, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-c3da2c1efd2e | base | false | base | A recent study on medicine addiction found out that there are principally three main factors that determine the risk of becoming dependant on or addicted to medicines. The first factor is the type of medicine, the second is the personality of the individual, and the third factor is controlled by the circumstances in wh... | Alcohol is a safe medicine since very few people become dependent on it. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 64.56 | {"gold_score": 64.56, "coherence_depth": 0.1, "cognitive_entropy": 0.42, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 31, "logic_density": 1.53, "dim_awareness": 3.0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 7974, "reasoning_segments": 470, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-accace0fd330 | base | false | base | The level of air pollution in London is at a record high, with the level of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) the highest of any EU country. As a result of such high levels of pollution, the UK has received a number of warnings from the EU for its failure to comply with European laws, and may face a possible fine.In addition to t... | The UK has been fined for the high levels of pollution in London. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 52.83 | {"gold_score": 52.83, "coherence_depth": 0.15, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 25, "logic_density": 2.22, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 2201, "reasoning_segments": 129, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-367978651c16 | base | false | base | Researchers in Pegasus Electronics found that a fifth of all sick leave in the company was stress-related. Very high work demands led to stress, but boring jobs were equally detrimental. The Board of Directors therefore decided to take corrective action by getting supervisors to re-organise the production lines so that... | Pegasus Electronics has now decided that all staff must be trained to recognise the signs of stress-related illness. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 56.64 | {"gold_score": 56.64, "coherence_depth": 0.21, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 30, "logic_density": 3.16, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 3367, "reasoning_segments": 148, "is_high_... | |||
LOGI-59784e8edc0c | base | false | base | Cynthia: Corporations amply fund research that generates marketable new technologies. But the fundamental goal of science is to achieve a comprehensive knowledge of the workings of the universe. The government should help fund those basic scientific research projects that seek to further our theoretical knowledge of na... | Cynthia’s and Luis’s statements provide the most support for the contention that they would disagree with each other about the truth of which one of the following statements? | ["A. The government should help fund pure theoretical research because such research might have unforeseen practical applications in fields such as agriculture and medicine.", "B. A proposed study of the effects of chemical fertilizers on crops, for the purpose of developing more-resistant and higher-yielding breeds, s... | "E" | deductive | argument analysis | {} | 47.46 | {"gold_score": 47.46, "coherence_depth": 0.2, "cognitive_entropy": 0.18, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 25, "logic_density": 3.0, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 2753, "reasoning_segments": 144, "is_high_qua... | |||
LOGI-31d02e7c1b99 | base | false | base | A family trip includes A, B, C, D, E, F. A and C are married with child B. C is not B's mother. E is C's brother. F is B's brother. D is A's daughter. | Which statement is incorrect? | ["A. E is the Brother-in-law of A", "B. D is the sister of F", "C. F is male", "D. A is female", "E. None is incorrect"] | "C" | deductive | blood relations | {} | 80.3 | {"gold_score": 80.3, "coherence_depth": 0.19, "cognitive_entropy": 0.36, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 47, "logic_density": 2.81, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 10463, "reasoning_segments": 946, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-3278b05625dd | base | false | base | Diamonds are transparent and graphite is dark grey both are forms of the element carbon, a non metal. Diamonds are the hardest naturally occurring material. Graphite is a very good conductor of electricity. Both are crystalline in form. There are a great number of carbon-based compounds and many are found in living tis... | The passage described three qualities of diamonds. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 39.01 | {"gold_score": 39.01, "coherence_depth": 0.07, "cognitive_entropy": 0.18, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 18, "logic_density": 1.02, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 5685, "reasoning_segments": 286, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-70f4fda17ec0 | combinatorial | true | Medium | 一项实验让两组人员观察20张图像后，A组服用咖啡因药丸，B组服用安慰剂药丸。24小时后，再向两组人员展示20张图像，其中包含若干之前的图像，结果显示，A组人员能更快速、更准确地辨认出之前的图像。因此，该实验表明，喝咖啡可以增强记忆。
以下哪项如果为真，最能削弱上述结论：
I. B组人员平均年龄比A组大15岁
II. 大部分图像都非常复杂，难以记住
III. 咖啡因在人体内作用最多持续8小时
IV. 服用的咖啡因药丸剂量大于一杯咖啡 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. III \u6216 II", "B. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "C. I \u6216 II", "D. \u4ec5 III", "E. \u4ec5 II"] | ["C"] | I | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 1, "operators": ["OR"], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 93.24 | LOGI-70f4fda17ec0 | {"gold_score": 93.24, "coherence_depth": 0.28, "cognitive_entropy": 0.9, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 50, "logic_density": 4.2, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.7, "thinking_length": 5881, "reasoning_segments": 360, "is_high_q... |
LOGI-80b5179a4290 | combinatorial | true | Easy | 近日，有科学家撰文指出，即使保持现有的城市和农田面积，地球上至少还有种植1万亿棵或1.5万亿棵树的空间，面积可达900万平方公里，大致相当于美国的国土面积。而这些新树未来几十年里可以从大气中吸收近7500亿吨导致温室效应的二氧化碳，这几乎等同于人类在过去25年排放的碳污染的总和。因此，该科学家认为，对抗全球变暖最根本的方法是，种植1万亿棵或1.5万亿棵树。
以下各项如果为真，最能质疑这位科学家观点的是：
I. 还有其他可行方法可以应对气候变化，例如让人们从吃肉转向吃素
II. 对燃烧石油、煤炭和天然气的依赖，才是导致全球变暖的根本原因
III. 随着全球变暖尤其是热带地区变干燥，当前树木植被已在大片消失
IV. 只有年轻的树木才能从... | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "B. \u4ec5 III", "C. II \u4e3a\u771f", "D. \u4ec5 I"] | ["C"] | II | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 4, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Easy"} | Easy | 64.18 | LOGI-80b5179a4290 | {"gold_score": 64.18, "coherence_depth": 0.11, "cognitive_entropy": 0.0, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 34, "logic_density": 1.67, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 1930, "reasoning_segments": 120, "is_high... |
LOGI-6d3760c413c6 | base | false | base | In a certain code language, 'action speaks louder' is coded as '6ca 7ka 8ud', 'movie speaks truth' is coded as '4vm 8ud 5ht', 'action packed movie' is coded as '2ck 6ca 4vm', 'truth louder lie' is coded as '3el 5ht 7ka'. | ["A. action", "B. movie", "C. packed", "D. louder", "E. None of these"] | "C" | inductive | coding and decoding | {} | 160.07 | {"gold_score": 160.07, "coherence_depth": 0.07, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 101, "logic_density": 1.12, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 10975, "reasoning_segments": 576, "is_hig... | ||||
LOGI-b2ae28e2c78e | combinatorial | true | Easy | 从世界经济的发展历程来看，如果一国或者地区的经济保持着稳定的增长速度，大多数商品和服务的价格必然会随之上涨，只要这种涨幅始终在一个较小的区间内就不会对经济造成负面影响。
由此可以推出，在一定时期内：
I. 如果大多数商品价格上涨，说明该国经济在稳定增长
II. 如果大多数商品价格涨幅过大，对该国经济必然有负面影响
III. 如果大多数商品价格不上涨，说明该国经济没有保持稳定增长
IV. 如果经济发展水平下降，该国的大多数商品价格也会下降 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ec5 IV", "B. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "C. \u4ec5 II", "D. III \u4e3a\u771f"] | ["D"] | III | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 4, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Easy"} | Easy | 65.06 | LOGI-b2ae28e2c78e | {"gold_score": 65.06, "coherence_depth": 0.17, "cognitive_entropy": 0.42, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 33, "logic_density": 2.53, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 3067, "reasoning_segments": 219, "is_high... |
LOGI-964a2cc5c539 | combinatorial | true | Easy | 宿舍有甲乙丙丁四名室友，某日，宿舍里的凳子少了几把，辅导员问是谁拿走了凳子，四位室友各有说辞：
甲说：'我们中有人拿走了凳子'
乙说：'我们四人都没有拿走凳子'
丙说：'乙和丁至少有一人没有拿走凳子'
丁说：'我没有拿走凳子'
已知有两人说真话，两人说假话。
说真话的是：
I. 甲和丙
II. 甲和丁
III. 乙和丙
IV. 乙和丁 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "B. \u4ec5 III", "C. \u4ec5 IV", "D. \u53ea\u6709 I"] | ["D"] | I | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 4, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Easy"} | Easy | 47.85 | LOGI-964a2cc5c539 | {"gold_score": 47.85, "coherence_depth": 0.32, "cognitive_entropy": 0.12, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 22, "logic_density": 4.85, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 4765, "reasoning_segments": 484, "is_high_q... |
LOGI-02f345c76266 | base | false | base | Two men posing as council workers have been accused of stealing £500 from an 84-year-old man after offering to clear up leaves from the driveway of his home. The two men called at a house in Aspenwood Drive, Sherlston, owned and lived in by Mr Stephen Pimblett during the morning of 12 October. After introducing themsel... | One of the two men entered the house and stole the money while Mr Pimblett was asleep in an armchair in front of the television. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | deductive | situational judgement | {} | 96.94 | {"gold_score": 96.94, "coherence_depth": 0.12, "cognitive_entropy": 0.18, "abductive_strength": 1.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 54, "logic_density": 1.74, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 7966, "reasoning_segments": 436, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-ff4436839041 | base | false | base | A government organisation that monitors the trading of narcotics has recently released report, declaring tax evasion should be included in all treaties of extradition as an important step of fighting drug trafficking and money laundering. This organisation claims that, to fight international drug dealers, it is very Im... | Flawless speeches are always persuasive. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 68.52 | {"gold_score": 68.52, "coherence_depth": 0.15, "cognitive_entropy": 0.24, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 43, "logic_density": 2.32, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 2.8, "thinking_length": 3966, "reasoning_segments": 201, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-4d545443d9df | base | false | base | Statement: Spitting on streets could cost people dear as the Maharashtra state cabinet approved an innovative anti-spitting law that combines monetary punishment with mandatory community service. | The law is likely to act as a precursor to banning chewing tobacco in public | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 91.68 | {"gold_score": 91.68, "coherence_depth": 0.21, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.6, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 50, "logic_density": 3.11, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 1.1, "thinking_length": 6032, "reasoning_segments": 381, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-b3dcba0a43e2 | base | false | base | Have Researchers Created Synthetic Life at the J. Craig Venter Institute? Researchers often insert a gene or two into an organism in order to make it do something unique. For example, researchers inserted the insulin gene into bacteria in order to make them produce human insulin. However, researchers at the J. Craig Ve... | The synthetic bacteria can only replicate for several generations. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 42.39 | {"gold_score": 42.39, "coherence_depth": 0.19, "cognitive_entropy": 0.66, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 18, "logic_density": 2.88, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 5954, "reasoning_segments": 306, "is_hi... | |||
LOGI-4ed2bd906e28 | base | false | base | Pay day loans are becoming an increasing common phenomenon in the United Kingdom, with pay-day loans a now 2 billion a year industry. These loans are often extremely high interest over a short period of time, often reaching or exceeding 4000% APR. Due to these high interest rates, missing payments can lead to a debt sp... | Pay day loans can lead to a debt spiralling effect | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 41.11 | {"gold_score": 41.11, "coherence_depth": 0.13, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 21, "logic_density": 1.9, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.5, "fallacy_risk": 0.3, "thinking_length": 1298, "reasoning_segments": 60, "is_high_qua... | |||
LOGI-f36f455ea5b4 | base | false | base | An atlas that is attributed to Christopher Saxton and printed around 1580 includes the earliest known printed plan of a city in the modern-day United States. Christopher Saxton was born an Englishman, in fact a Yorkshire man. His atlas contains five coloured charts created by the cartographer Giovanni Battista. They il... | You can infer from the passage that the atlas was multifunctional. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 52.62 | {"gold_score": 52.62, "coherence_depth": 0.09, "cognitive_entropy": 0.78, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 26, "logic_density": 1.34, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 5635, "reasoning_segments": 284, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-6d6cb018f2a8 | base | false | base | Advertisement: Our oat bran cereal is the only one that has printed right on its package all of its claimed health benefits. And really health-conscious consumers have demonstrated that these health claims are true by buying our cereal since they would not have bought our cereal unless the claims were true. How do we k... | Which one of the following employs a flawed argumentative strategy that is most closely parallel to the flawed argumentative strategy in the advertisement above? | ["A. Greeting one\u2019s coworkers must be a polite thing to do, because people who are considered polite always greet their coworkers. The proof that these people really are polite is that they are consistently polite in their daily lives.", "B. This card game must be intellectually challenging, because it is played b... | "B" | analogical | argument analysis | {} | 57.66 | {"gold_score": 57.66, "coherence_depth": 0.12, "cognitive_entropy": 0.1, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 30, "logic_density": 1.73, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 10603, "reasoning_segments": 525, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-8473c03b982e | combinatorial | true | Medium | 某中学的教师都很有爱心。有些经常志愿献血的教师免费为学习困难的学生补课，凡是资助了贫困生的教师都和困难家庭结成了帮困对子，但所有免费为学习困难的学生补课的教师都没有人和困难家庭结成帮困对子。
根据以上前提，下列哪项一定为真：
I. 有些经常志愿献血的教师没有资助贫困生
II. 有些资助了贫困生的教师没有志愿献血
III. 有些资助了贫困生的教师经常献血
IV. 有些经常志愿献血的教师跟困难家庭结成了帮困对子 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "B. IV \u6216 II", "C. II \u6216 III", "D. III \u6216 II", "E. I \u4e3a\u771f"] | ["E"] | I | deductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 99.33 | LOGI-8473c03b982e | {"gold_score": 99.33, "coherence_depth": 0.2, "cognitive_entropy": 0.18, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 57, "logic_density": 3.05, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 1.2, "thinking_length": 6333, "reasoning_segments": 524, "is_high... |
LOGI-367978651c16 | base | false | base | Researchers in Pegasus Electronics found that a fifth of all sick leave in the company was stress-related. Very high work demands led to stress, but boring jobs were equally detrimental. The Board of Directors therefore decided to take corrective action by getting supervisors to re-organise the production lines so that... | Pegasus Electronics has now decided that all staff must be trained to recognise the signs of stress-related illness. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 56.58 | {"gold_score": 56.58, "coherence_depth": 0.22, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 30, "logic_density": 3.25, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.0, "thinking_length": 3020, "reasoning_segments": 159, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-6afdf072cc3c | base | false | base | GREGGS Bakery Greggs plc is the largest bakery chain in the United Kingdom and has 1,671 outlets. It specialises in savoury products such as pasties, sausage rolls but also sells sandwiches and sweet items including doughnuts and vanilla slices. The Perfect Start to your Day Why not get your day off to a great start wi... | If you have forgotten to bring some money you could pay by mobile phone. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "A" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 66.42 | {"gold_score": 66.42, "coherence_depth": 0.13, "cognitive_entropy": 1.0, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 38, "logic_density": 1.98, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.25, "fallacy_risk": 0.6, "thinking_length": 9908, "reasoning_segments": 536, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-8fa6a6945285 | base | false | base | The number of very young children with diabetes has risen dramatically in the past 20 years. The number of children under 5 who have the type 1 form of the condition has increased fivefold. This dramatic increase is either the symptom of a marked improvement in diagnosis, or because more genetically suscep- tible child... | It is reasonable to conclude from the passage that five times as many young children develop diabetes now than did 20 years ago. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | inductive | textual entailment | {} | 73.06 | {"gold_score": 73.06, "coherence_depth": 0.13, "cognitive_entropy": 0.66, "abductive_strength": 0.3, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 3, "pivot_count": 42, "logic_density": 2.01, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 7035, "reasoning_segments": 321, "is_high_q... | |||
LOGI-68d138cb65cc | base | false | base | Demand for mobile phones in underdeveloped markets such as China and India is leading to ever-higher predictions for global sales. This year analysts have raised their forecasts for the third time to 640 million handsets. This is almost 100 million higher than forecast at the beginning of the year. Some are already for... | The most recent increase in this years forecast for sales was almost 100 million handsets higher than the previous forecast. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "B" | deductive | textual entailment | {} | 59.35 | {"gold_score": 59.35, "coherence_depth": 0.11, "cognitive_entropy": 0.16, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 32, "logic_density": 1.66, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.5, "thinking_length": 6553, "reasoning_segments": 329, "is_hig... | |||
LOGI-5a82391ac75c | base | false | base | In 2011, the army announced that thirty thousand redundancies were to be made over the next ten years as a result of the economic climate. Such cuts, while perhaps economically necessary, are likely to leave those troops on the front line exposed and at further risk. At what point do the hindrances of economical cut ba... | Legal aid provides for fictitious claims and encourages divorce. | ["A. true", "B. false", "C. uncertain"] | "C" | abductive | textual entailment | {} | 43.46 | {"gold_score": 43.46, "coherence_depth": 0.08, "cognitive_entropy": 0.36, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 1.0, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 21, "logic_density": 1.14, "dim_awareness": 1.5, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.2, "thinking_length": 5996, "reasoning_segments": 318, "is_high... | |||
LOGI-16721d4d827a | combinatorial | true | Medium | 美国斯坦福大学的研究人员对130名同时患有血脂异常、高血压的患者进行了长达12年的试验。试验结果显示，服用松树皮提取物人员的各项指标与服用安慰剂人员的各项指标并无明显的差别。由此可知，松树皮提取物无降血压、降血糖、降血脂以及预防心血管疾病等功效。
以下各项如果为真，最能反驳上述结论的是:
I. 两组试验患者仅人数相等，其血压和血脂等的原始指标差异较大
II. 对照组服用安慰剂，对高血压和高血脂患者有心理暗示作用
III. 12年的实验时间太长，这有可能使一些重要的实验数据失真
IV. 参加实验的患者人数仅130人，样本太小，代表性不够 | 以下哪项是正确的？ | ["A. \u4ec5 IV", "B. \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u9879\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb", "C. \u53ea\u6709 I", "D. II \u6216 III", "E. \u4ec5 III"] | ["C"] | I | abductive | combinatorial_multi_select | {"n_options": 5, "n_correct": 1, "operators": [], "tier": "Medium"} | Medium | 39.54 | LOGI-16721d4d827a | {"gold_score": 39.54, "coherence_depth": 0.22, "cognitive_entropy": 0.06, "abductive_strength": 0.0, "dialectic_quality": 0.67, "abstraction_level": 4, "pivot_count": 19, "logic_density": 3.31, "dim_awareness": 0, "option_coverage": 0.0, "fallacy_risk": 0.4, "thinking_length": 1891, "reasoning_segments": 94, "is_high_q... |
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