Datasets:
cjvt
/
WALS-Bench

Dataset card Data Studio Files
xet
Community
1
feature_id
stringlengths
2
4
feature_name
stringlengths
3
104
domain
stringclasses
12 values
question
stringlengths
51
172
possible_answers
stringlengths
30
3.05k
ground_truth
unknown
1A
Consonant Inventories
Phonology
How large is the consonant inventory in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Small; Moderately small; Average; Moderately large; Large
{ "Abipón": "Moderately small", "Abkhaz": "Large", "Alabama": "Small", "Aché": "Small", "Achumawi": "Moderately small", "Acoma": "Large", "Andoke": "Small", "Adzera": "Moderately small", "Aleut (Eastern)": "Average", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Moderately large", "Aghem": "Average", "Ahtna": "Moderately large", "Aikaná": "Average", "Ainu": "Small", "Aizi": "Average", "Akan": "Average", "Akawaio": "Small", "Alamblak": "Moderately small", "Albanian": "Average", "Alladian": "Average", "Alawa": "Average", "Amahuaca": "Small", "Amele": "Moderately small", "Amharic": "Moderately large", "Amo": "Average", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "Large", "Amuesha": "Average", "Amuzgo": "Average", "Araona": "Average", "Angas": "Moderately large", "//Ani": "Large", "Angaataha": "Small", "Ao": "Small", "Apinayé": "Small", "Apurinã": "Small", "Arabela": "Small", "Archi": "Large", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Moderately large", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Moderately small", "Asmat": "Small", "Atayal": "Average", "Avar": "Large", "Awngi": "Moderately large", "Awa Pit": "Small", "Aymara (Central)": "Moderately large", "Azerbaijani": "Average", "Bagirmi": "Moderately large", "Bai": "Moderately small", "Bajau (Sama)": "Moderately large", "Bambara": "Average", "Bawm": "Average", "Bobo Madaré (Northern)": "Average", "Bella Coola": "Moderately large", "Beembe": "Moderately small", "Beja": "Average", "Bengali": "Moderately large", "Berta": "Average", "Bété": "Average", "Birom": "Average", "Bisa": "Moderately small", "Bakairí": "Moderately small", "Batak (Karo)": "Moderately small", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Moderately large", "Qaqet": "Small", "Waimaha": "Small", "Bodo": "Moderately small", "Brao": "Average", "Bariba": "Moderately small", "Bardi": "Moderately small", "Breton": "Average", "Brahui": "Average", "Bribri": "Moderately small", "Burmese": "Moderately large", "Bororo": "Small", "Bru (Western)": "Average", "Bashkir": "Moderately large", "Basque": "Average", "Batak (Toba)": "Moderately small", "Burarra": "Moderately small", "Bulgarian": "Average", "Burushaski": "Large", "Bandjalang (Yugumbir)": "Small", "Cacua": "Small", "Caddo": "Average", "Cahuilla": "Average", "Camsá": "Average", "Carib": "Moderately small", "Campa (Axininca)": "Moderately small", "Cayapa": "Average", "Chickasaw": "Moderately small", "Cocopa": "Average", "Chamorro": "Average", "Cherokee": "Small", "Chukchi": "Moderately small", "Chehalis (Upper)": "Moderately large", "Chipewyan": "Large", "Chinantec (Quiotepec)": "Moderately large", "Nivacle": "Average", "Chuvash": "Average", "Cham (Western)": "Average", "CiLuba": "Average", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Average", "Comanche": "Small", "Canela": "Small", "Cantonese": "Average", "Cofán": "Moderately large", "Coos (Hanis)": "Large", "Cree (Plains)": "Small", "Chatino (Sierra Occidental)": "Moderately small", "Chin (Tiddim)": "Average", "Catalan": "Average", "Cubeo": "Small", "Chuave": "Small", "Cayuvava": "Moderately small", "Dadibi": "Small", "Daga": "Small", "Dahalo": "Large", "Dan": "Average", "Darai": "Moderately large", "Daju (Dar Fur)": "Average", "Dla (Proper)": "Small", "Deti": "Large", "Dagbani": "Average", "Dagur": "Average", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "Average", "Dinka": "Average", "Diola-Fogny": "Average", "Diyari": "Average", "Dizi": "Average", "Djapu": "Average", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Small", "Dangaléat (Western)": "Average", "Dong (Southern)": "Average", "Doyayo": "Average", "Drehu": "Moderately large", "Toro So": "Moderately small", "Dumo": "Small", "Dyirbal": "Small", "Efik": "Small", "Ejagham": "Average", "Ekari": "Small", "English": "Average", "Epena Pedee": "Moderately small", "Evenki": "Moderately small", "Even": "Moderately small", "Ewe": "Moderately large", "Ewondo": "Moderately large", "Eyak": "Moderately large", "Fasu": "Small", "Fe'fe'": "Moderately small", "Fijian": "Average", "Finnish": "Moderately small", "French": "Average", "Fulniô": "Average", "Fur": "Moderately small", "Fuzhou": "Small", "Fyem": "Large", "Gã": "Moderately large", "Great Andamanese": "Average", "Garo": "Moderately small", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "Moderately large", "Gadsup": "Small", "Georgian": "Moderately large", "German": "Average", "Guahibo": "Moderately small", "Gelao": "Moderately large", "Guambiano": "Moderately small", "Goajiro": "Small", "Gooniyandi": "Average", "Grebo": "Average", "Greek (Modern)": "Average", "Garrwa": "Average", "Greenlandic (West)": "Average", "Guaraní": "Moderately small", "Gwari": "Average", "Hadza": "Large", "Haida": "Large", "Hakka": "Moderately small", "Hamtai": "Small", "Hausa": "Moderately large", "Hawaiian": "Small", "Hebrew (Modern Ashkenazic)": "Moderately small", "Hindi": "Large", "Hixkaryana": "Moderately small", "Hmong Njua": "Large", "Hamer": "Average", "Min (Southern)": "Average", "Hopi": "Average", "Huastec": "Average", "Huitoto (Murui)": "Moderately small", "Hungarian": "Moderately large", "Hupa": "Moderately large", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "Average", "Hunzib": "Large", "Iaai": "Large", "Iban": "Average", "Igbo": "Moderately large", "Ignaciano": "Average", "Ingessana": "Average", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "Average", "Ik": "Moderately large", "Ika": "Moderately small", "Imonda": "Small", "Indonesian": "Average", "Ingush": "Large", "Irish (Donegal)": "Large", "Iraqw": "Moderately large", "Irarutu": "Small", "Iranxe": "Average", "Isoko": "Moderately large", "Itelmen": "Moderately large", "Itonama": "Average", "Ivatan": "Average", "Iwam": "Small", "Jakaltek": "Moderately large", "Jaqaru": "Large", "Javanese": "Average", "Jebero": "Average", "Jeh": "Large", "Jivaro": "Moderately small", "Jingpho": "Average", "Jomang": "Small", "Japanese": "Moderately small", "Japreria": "Small", "Ju|'hoan": "Large", "Kabardian": "Large", "Kadugli": "Average", "Kalami": "Large", "Kashmiri": "Moderately large", "Kayardild": "Moderately small", "Koyra Chiini": "Moderately small", "Kedang": "Moderately small", "Kefa": "Average", "K'ekchí": "Average", "Kera": "Average", "Ket": "Moderately small", "Kewa": "Moderately small", "Koromfe": "Moderately small", "Konyagi": "Large", "Kalkatungu": "Average", "Kirghiz": "Average", "Khalkha": "Average", "Khmer": "Average", "Nama": "Moderately large", "Kharia": "Moderately large", "Khasi": "Average", "Kiowa": "Average", "Kiwai (Southern)": "Small", "Konkani": "Average", "Lusi": "Moderately small", "Klao": "Small", "Klamath": "Moderately large", "Kilivila": "Average", "Kala Lagaw Ya": "Moderately small", "Kunimaipa": "Moderately small", "Khmu'": "Average", "Kannada": "Moderately large", "Kaingang": "Small", "Kanakuru": "Average", "Kunama": "Average", "Kanuri": "Average", "Koasati": "Small", "Kobon": "Average", "Kohumono": "Moderately large", "Koiari": "Small", "Komo": "Average", "Korean": "Average", "Kota": "Average", "Koya": "Average", "Kpan": "Average", "Kpelle": "Average", "Kiribati": "Small", "Kurdish (Central)": "Moderately large", "Karok": "Moderately small", "Krongo": "Average", "Koryak": "Moderately small", "Koyraboro Senni": "Moderately small", "Karen (Sgaw)": "Moderately large", "Kisi (Southern)": "Moderately small", "Kotoko": "Moderately large", "Khanty": "Moderately small", "Kullo": "Average", "Kuna": "Moderately small", "Kurukh": "Average", "Kutenai": "Moderately large", "Kwaio": "Moderately small", "Kwakw'ala": "Large", "Kwoma": "Average", "Kawaiisu": "Average", "Kuku-Yalanji": "Small", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "Average", "Komi-Zyrian": "Moderately large", "Ladakhi": "Moderately large", "Lahu": "Moderately large", "Lak": "Large", "Lamé": "Moderately large", "Lango": "Moderately small", "Latvian": "Moderately large", "Lavukaleve": "Moderately small", "Lenakel": "Moderately small", "Lepcha": "Moderately large", "Lezgian": "Large", "Lithuanian": "Large", "Lakkia": "Moderately large", "Lakhota": "Average", "Lelemi": "Average", "Lü": "Average", "Lua": "Average", "Lugbara": "Moderately large", "Luiseño": "Average", "Luo": "Moderately large", "Lushootseed": "Large", "Luvale": "Moderately small", "Maasai": "Average", "Maba": "Average", "Malagasy": "Moderately large", "Maori": "Small", "Mapudungun": "Average", "Maricopa": "Average", "Maung": "Moderately small", "Maxakalí": "Small", "Maybrat": "Small", "Mazahua": "Large", "Mba": "Average", "Mbabaram": "Average", "Mbum": "Moderately large", "Meithei": "Average", "Mangghuer": "Average", "Mien": "Moderately large", "Maranungku": "Small", "Mambila": "Average", "Malakmalak": "Small", "Mari (Meadow)": "Average", "Manchu": "Moderately small", "Mandarin": "Average", "Maidu (Northeast)": "Moderately small", "Moghol": "Average", "Mor": "Small", "Movima": "Moderately small", "Murrinh-Patha": "Average", "Marind": "Moderately small", "Margi": "Moderately large", "Murle": "Average", "Maranao": "Small", "Moro": "Average", "Martuthunira": "Average", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Moderately small", "Mixe (Totontepec)": "Small", "Muinane": "Average", "Mumuye": "Average", "Mundari": "Moderately large", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Moderately small", "Mixtec (Molinos)": "Moderately small", "Ma'ya": "Small", "Mangarrayi": "Moderately small", "Mazatec (Chiquihuitlán)": "Average", "Nanai": "Moderately small", "Nandi": "Small", "Neo-Aramaic (Persian Azerbaijan)": "Average", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "Average", "Nasioi": "Small", "Navajo": "Moderately large", "Naxi": "Large", "Natügu": "Moderately large", "Ndut": "Moderately large", "Ndyuka": "Moderately small", "Nepali": "Moderately large", "Newari (Kathmandu)": "Average", "Nez Perce": "Moderately large", "Nganasan": "Average", "Ngizim": "Large", "Nahuatl (North Puebla)": "Moderately small", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Moderately small", "Nimboran": "Small", "Nyishi": "Moderately small", "Nivkh": "Moderately large", "Nkore-Kiga": "Average", "Nyah Kur (Tha Pong)": "Moderately large", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "Average", "Nancowry": "Moderately small", "Nobiin": "Moderately small", "Noni": "Average", "Norwegian": "Average", "Ngiti": "Large", "Nenets": "Moderately large", "Nunggubuyu": "Average", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "Average", "Nuuchahnulth": "Large", "Nyangi": "Moderately small", "Nyimang": "Moderately small", "Ocaina": "Moderately large", "Ogbia": "Average", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "Moderately small", "Oneida": "Small", "O'odham": "Average", "Oromo (Harar)": "Moderately large", "Ormuri": "Average", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Average", "Pacoh": "Average", "Páez": "Large", "Paiwan": "Average", "Paumarí": "Average", "Pawaian": "Small", "Pech": "Moderately small", "Phlong": "Average", "Pitjantjatjara": "Moderately small", "Paamese": "Moderately small", "Panare": "Small", "Po-Ai": "Moderately small", "Pohnpeian": "Small", "Polish": "Large", "Pirahã": "Small", "Persian": "Average", "Pashto": "Moderately large", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Moderately small", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Moderately large", "Parauk": "Large", "Purépecha": "Moderately large", "Qawasqar": "Average", "Quechua (Cochabamba)": "Moderately large", "Quileute": "Moderately large", "Rama": "Moderately small", "Rapanui": "Small", "Resígaro": "Moderately large", "Romanian": "Average", "Roro": "Small", "Romansch (Scharans)": "Average", "Rotokas": "Small", "Rukai (Tanan)": "Average", "Russian": "Moderately large", "Rutul": "Large", "Sa'ban": "Average", "Sango": "Moderately large", "Sáliba (in Colombia)": "Average", "Saami (Central-South)": "Large", "Sindhi": "Large", "Sandawe": "Large", "Sebei": "Small", "Sedang": "Large", "Selknam": "Average", "Shan": "Average", "Shiriana": "Small", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Moderately small", "Shasta": "Moderately small", "Shuswap": "Large", "Siona": "Moderately small", "Selkup": "Moderately small", "Slave": "Moderately large", "Selepet": "Moderately small", "Semelai": "Moderately large", "Seneca": "Small", "Senadi": "Average", "Sinhala": "Average", "Sanuma": "Small", "Sentani": "Small", "Somali": "Average", "Soqotri": "Moderately large", "Sora": "Moderately small", "Spanish": "Average", "Squamish": "Large", "Sre": "Moderately large", "Sirionó": "Average", "Suena": "Small", "Sui": "Large", "Supyire": "Average", "Savosavo": "Moderately small", "Swahili": "Moderately large", "Taba": "Moderately small", "Tacana": "Moderately small", "Tagalog": "Moderately small", "Tamang (Eastern)": "Average", "Tehuelche": "Moderately large", "Telugu": "Moderately large", "Tera": "Large", "Tigak": "Small", "Tigré": "Moderately large", "Thai": "Average", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "Large", "Ticuna": "Moderately small", "Tiwi": "Average", "Teke (Southern)": "Average", "Tlingit": "Large", "Tlapanec": "Average", "Tama": "Average", "Temein": "Moderately small", "Tampulma": "Average", "Temne": "Moderately small", "Toaripi": "Small", "Tarok": "Moderately large", "Tol": "Average", "Tonkawa": "Moderately small", "Totonac (Papantla)": "Moderately small", "Trumai": "Average", "Tiruray": "Moderately small", "Tausug": "Moderately small", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Large", "Tsou": "Moderately small", "Tetun": "Small", "Tsova-Tush": "Large", "Tuareg (Ahaggar)": "Average", "Tukang Besi": "Average", "Tulu": "Average", "Tunica": "Moderately small", "Turkish": "Average", "Tuvan": "Average", "Tiwa (Northern)": "Moderately large", "Tzeltal (Aguacatenango)": "Average", "UMbundu": "Average", "Una": "Average", "Ungarinjin": "Moderately small", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Moderately small", "Usan": "Small", "Uzbek (Northern)": "Average", "Vietnamese": "Average", "Wahgi": "Moderately small", "Wambaya": "Moderately small", "Wappo": "Moderately large", "Wari'": "Moderately small", "Wichí": "Average", "Western Desert (Ooldea)": "Moderately small", "Wichita": "Average", "Wintu": "Moderately large", "Wiyot": "Average", "Wolof": "Moderately large", "West Makian": "Moderately small", "Wik Munkan": "Small", "Wantoat": "Moderately small", "Woisika": "Moderately small", "Wapishana": "Moderately small", "Warao": "Small", "Wardaman": "Moderately small", "Waris": "Small", "Waray (in Australia)": "Moderately small", "Wu": "Average", "!Xóõ": "Large", "Yagua": "Small", "Yana": "Average", "Yapese": "Average", "Yaqui": "Moderately small", "Yareba": "Small", "Yawa": "Small", "Yay": "Average", "Yucuna": "Moderately small", "Yucatec": "Average", "Yelî Dnye": "Large", "Yessan-Mayo": "Moderately small", "Yeyi": "Large", "Yagaria": "Small", "Yidiny": "Small", "Yimas": "Small", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Average", "Yakut": "Average", "Yanyuwa": "Moderately large", "Yoruba": "Moderately small", "Yukaghir (Tundra)": "Average", "Yuchi": "Large", "Yulu": "Large", "Yurok": "Moderately large", "Yupik (Siberian)": "Moderately large", "Zande": "Average", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Moderately small", "Zulu": "Moderately large", "Zuni": "Average" }
2A
Vowel Quality Inventories
Phonology
How large is the vowel quality inventory in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Small vowel inventory (2-4); Average vowel inventory (5-6); Large vowel inventory (7-14)
{ "Abipón": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Abkhaz": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Alabama": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Aché": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Achumawi": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Acoma": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Andoke": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Adzera": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Aleut (Eastern)": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Aghem": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Ahtna": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Aikaná": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Ainu": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Aizi": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Akan": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Akawaio": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Alamblak": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Albanian": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Alladian": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Alawa": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Amahuaca": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Amele": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Amharic": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Amo": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Amuesha": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Amuzgo": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Araona": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Angas": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "//Ani": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Angaataha": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Ao": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Apinayé": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Apurinã": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Arabela": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Archi": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Asmat": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Atayal": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Avar": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Awngi": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Awa Pit": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Aymara (Central)": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Azerbaijani": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Bagirmi": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Bai": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Bajau (Sama)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Bambara": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Bawm": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Bobo Madaré (Northern)": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Bella Coola": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Beembe": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Beja": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Bengali": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Berta": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Bété": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Birom": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Bisa": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Bakairí": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Batak (Karo)": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Qaqet": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Waimaha": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Bodo": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Brao": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Bariba": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Bardi": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Breton": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Brahui": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Bribri": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Burmese": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Bororo": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Bru (Western)": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Bashkir": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Basque": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Batak (Toba)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Burarra": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Bulgarian": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Burushaski": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Bandjalang (Yugumbir)": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Cacua": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Caddo": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Cahuilla": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Camsá": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Carib": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Campa (Axininca)": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Cayapa": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Chickasaw": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Cocopa": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Chamorro": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Cherokee": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Chukchi": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Chehalis (Upper)": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Chipewyan": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Chinantec (Quiotepec)": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Nivacle": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Chuvash": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Cham (Western)": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "CiLuba": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Comanche": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Canela": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Cantonese": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Cofán": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Coos (Hanis)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Cree (Plains)": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Chatino (Sierra Occidental)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Chin (Tiddim)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Catalan": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Cubeo": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Chuave": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Cayuvava": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Dadibi": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Daga": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Dahalo": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Dan": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Darai": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Daju (Dar Fur)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Dla (Proper)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Deti": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Dagbani": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Dagur": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Dinka": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Diola-Fogny": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Diyari": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Dizi": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Djapu": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Dangaléat (Western)": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Dong (Southern)": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Doyayo": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Drehu": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Toro So": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Dumo": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Dyirbal": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Efik": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Ejagham": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Ekari": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "English": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Epena Pedee": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Evenki": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Even": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Ewe": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Ewondo": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Eyak": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Fasu": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Fe'fe'": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Fijian": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Finnish": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "French": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Fulniô": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Fur": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Fuzhou": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Fyem": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Gã": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Great Andamanese": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Garo": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Gadsup": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Georgian": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "German": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Guahibo": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Gelao": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Guambiano": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Goajiro": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Gooniyandi": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Grebo": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Greek (Modern)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Garrwa": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Greenlandic (West)": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Guaraní": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Gwari": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Hadza": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Haida": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Hakka": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Hamtai": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Hausa": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Hawaiian": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Hebrew (Modern Ashkenazic)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Hindi": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Hixkaryana": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Hmong Njua": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Hamer": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Min (Southern)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Hopi": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Huastec": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Huitoto (Murui)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Hungarian": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Hupa": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Hunzib": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Iaai": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Iban": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Igbo": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Ignaciano": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Ingessana": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Ik": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Ika": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Imonda": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Indonesian": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Ingush": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Irish (Donegal)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Iraqw": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Irarutu": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Iranxe": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Isoko": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Itelmen": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Itonama": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Ivatan": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Iwam": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Jakaltek": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Jaqaru": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Javanese": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Jebero": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Jeh": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Jivaro": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Jingpho": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Jomang": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Japanese": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Japreria": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Ju|'hoan": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Kabardian": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Kadugli": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Kalami": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Kashmiri": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Kayardild": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Koyra Chiini": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Kedang": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Kefa": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "K'ekchí": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Kera": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Ket": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Kewa": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Koromfe": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Kalkatungu": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Kirghiz": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Khalkha": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Khmer": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Nama": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Kharia": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Khasi": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Kiowa": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Kiwai (Southern)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Konkani": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Lusi": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Klao": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Klamath": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Kilivila": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Kala Lagaw Ya": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Kunimaipa": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Khmu'": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Kannada": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Kaingang": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Kanakuru": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Kunama": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Kanuri": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Koasati": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Kobon": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Kohumono": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Koiari": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Komo": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Korean": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Kota": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Koya": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Kpan": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Kpelle": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Kiribati": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Kurdish (Central)": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Karok": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Krongo": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Koryak": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Koyraboro Senni": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Karen (Sgaw)": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Kisi (Southern)": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Kotoko": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Khanty": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Kullo": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Kuna": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Kurukh": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Kutenai": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Kwaio": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Kwakw'ala": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Kwoma": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Kawaiisu": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Kuku-Yalanji": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Komi-Zyrian": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Ladakhi": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Lahu": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Lak": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Lamé": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Lango": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Latvian": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Lavukaleve": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Lenakel": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Lepcha": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Lezgian": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Lithuanian": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Lakkia": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Lakhota": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Lelemi": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Lü": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Lua": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Lugbara": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Luiseño": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Luo": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Lushootseed": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Luvale": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Maasai": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Maba": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Makah": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Malagasy": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Maori": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Mapudungun": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Maricopa": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Maung": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Maxakalí": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Maybrat": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Mazahua": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Mba": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Mbabaram": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Meithei": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Mangghuer": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Mien": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Maranungku": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Mambila": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Malakmalak": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Mari (Meadow)": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Manchu": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Mandarin": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Maidu (Northeast)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Moghol": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Mor": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Movima": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Murrinh-Patha": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Marind": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Margi": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Murle": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Maranao": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Moro": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Martuthunira": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Mixe (Totontepec)": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Muinane": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Mumuye": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Mundari": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Mixtec (Molinos)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Ma'ya": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Mangarrayi": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Mazatec (Chiquihuitlán)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Nanai": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Nandi": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Neo-Aramaic (Persian Azerbaijan)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Nasioi": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Navajo": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Naxi": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Natügu": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Ndut": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Ndyuka": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Nepali": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Newari (Kathmandu)": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Nez Perce": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Nganasan": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Ngiyambaa": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Ngizim": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Nahuatl (North Puebla)": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Nimboran": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Nyishi": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Nivkh": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Nkore-Kiga": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Nyah Kur (Tha Pong)": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Nancowry": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Nobiin": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Noni": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Norwegian": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Ngiti": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Nenets": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Nunggubuyu": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Nuuchahnulth": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Nyangi": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Nyimang": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Ocaina": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Ogbia": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Oneida": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "O'odham": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Oromo (Harar)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Ormuri": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Pacoh": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Páez": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Paiwan": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Paumarí": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Pawaian": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Pech": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Phlong": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Pitjantjatjara": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Paamese": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Panare": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Po-Ai": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Pohnpeian": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Polish": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Pirahã": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Persian": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Pashto": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Parauk": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Purépecha": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Qawasqar": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Quechua (Cochabamba)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Quileute": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Rama": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Rapanui": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Resígaro": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Romanian": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Roro": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Romansch (Scharans)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Rotokas": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Rukai (Tanan)": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Russian": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Rutul": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Sa'ban": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Sango": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Sáliba (in Colombia)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Saami (Central-South)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Sindhi": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Sandawe": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Sebei": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Sedang": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Selknam": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Shan": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Shiriana": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Shasta": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Shuswap": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Siona": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Selkup": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Slave": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Selepet": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Semelai": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Seneca": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Senadi": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Sinhala": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Sanuma": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Sentani": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Somali": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Soqotri": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Sora": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Spanish": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Squamish": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Sre": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Sirionó": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Suena": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Sui": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Supyire": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Savosavo": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Swahili": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Taba": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Tacana": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Tagalog": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Tamang (Eastern)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Tashlhiyt": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Tehuelche": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Telugu": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Tera": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Tigak": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Tigré": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Thai": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Ticuna": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Tiwi": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Teke (Southern)": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Tlingit": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Tama": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Temein": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Tampulma": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Temne": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Toaripi": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Tarok": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Tol": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Tonkawa": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Totonac (Papantla)": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Trumai": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Tiruray": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Tausug": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Tsou": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Tetun": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Tsova-Tush": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Tuareg (Ahaggar)": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Tukang Besi": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Tulu": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Tunica": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Turkish": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Tuvan": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Tiwa (Northern)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Tzeltal (Aguacatenango)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "UMbundu": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Una": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Ungarinjin": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Usan": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Uzbek (Northern)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Vietnamese": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Wahgi": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Wambaya": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Waorani": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Wappo": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Wari'": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Wichí": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Western Desert (Ooldea)": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Wichita": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Wintu": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Wiyot": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Wolof": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "West Makian": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Wik Munkan": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Wantoat": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Woisika": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Wapishana": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Warao": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Wardaman": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Waris": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Waray (in Australia)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Wu": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "!Xóõ": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Yagua": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Yana": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Yapese": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Yaqui": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Yareba": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Yawa": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Yay": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Yucuna": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Yucatec": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Yelî Dnye": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Yessan-Mayo": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Yeyi": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Yagaria": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Yidiny": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Yimas": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Yakut": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Yanyuwa": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Yoruba": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Yukaghir (Tundra)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Yuchi": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Yulu": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Yurok": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Yupik (Siberian)": "Small vowel inventory (2-4)", "Zande": "Large vowel inventory (7-14)", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Zulu": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)", "Zuni": "Average vowel inventory (5-6)" }
3A
Consonant-Vowel Ratio
Phonology
What is the consonant–vowel ratio in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Low; Moderately low; Average; Moderately high; High
{ "Abipón": "Average", "Abkhaz": "High", "Alabama": "Moderately high", "Aché": "Moderately low", "Achumawi": "Average", "Acoma": "High", "Andoke": "Low", "Adzera": "Moderately high", "Aleut (Eastern)": "High", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Moderately high", "Aghem": "Moderately low", "Ahtna": "Moderately high", "Aikaná": "Average", "Ainu": "Moderately low", "Aizi": "Moderately low", "Akan": "Moderately low", "Akawaio": "Low", "Alamblak": "Moderately low", "Albanian": "Average", "Alladian": "Average", "Alawa": "Moderately high", "Amahuaca": "Average", "Amele": "Average", "Amharic": "Moderately high", "Amo": "Moderately low", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "High", "Amuesha": "High", "Amuzgo": "Average", "Araona": "Moderately high", "Angas": "Moderately high", "//Ani": "High", "Angaataha": "Low", "Ao": "Moderately low", "Apinayé": "Low", "Apurinã": "Average", "Arabela": "Moderately low", "Archi": "High", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Moderately high", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Moderately low", "Asmat": "Low", "Atayal": "Average", "Avar": "High", "Awngi": "Average", "Awa Pit": "Average", "Aymara (Central)": "High", "Azerbaijani": "Moderately low", "Bagirmi": "Average", "Bai": "Low", "Bajau (Sama)": "Average", "Bambara": "Average", "Bawm": "Moderately high", "Bobo Madaré (Northern)": "Average", "Bella Coola": "High", "Beembe": "Average", "Beja": "Average", "Bengali": "Average", "Berta": "Moderately high", "Bété": "Low", "Birom": "Average", "Bisa": "Average", "Bakairí": "Moderately low", "Batak (Karo)": "Moderately low", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "High", "Qaqet": "Average", "Waimaha": "Low", "Bodo": "Moderately low", "Brao": "Average", "Bariba": "Moderately low", "Bardi": "Average", "Breton": "Average", "Brahui": "Moderately high", "Bribri": "Average", "Burmese": "Average", "Bororo": "Low", "Bru (Western)": "Low", "Bashkir": "Average", "Basque": "Moderately high", "Batak (Toba)": "Average", "Burarra": "Average", "Bulgarian": "Average", "Burushaski": "High", "Bandjalang (Yugumbir)": "Average", "Cacua": "Moderately low", "Caddo": "High", "Cahuilla": "Moderately high", "Camsá": "Average", "Carib": "Moderately low", "Campa (Axininca)": "Moderately high", "Cayapa": "Moderately high", "Chickasaw": "Moderately high", "Cocopa": "Moderately high", "Chamorro": "Average", "Cherokee": "Low", "Chukchi": "Moderately low", "Chehalis (Upper)": "High", "Chipewyan": "High", "Chinantec (Quiotepec)": "Average", "Nivacle": "Moderately high", "Chuvash": "Moderately low", "Cham (Western)": "Moderately low", "CiLuba": "Average", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Average", "Comanche": "Low", "Canela": "Low", "Cantonese": "Moderately low", "Cofán": "Moderately high", "Coos (Hanis)": "High", "Cree (Plains)": "Moderately low", "Chatino (Sierra Occidental)": "Average", "Chin (Tiddim)": "Average", "Catalan": "Average", "Cubeo": "Low", "Chuave": "Moderately low", "Cayuvava": "Moderately low", "Dadibi": "Moderately low", "Daga": "Moderately low", "Dahalo": "High", "Dan": "Low", "Darai": "Moderately high", "Daju (Dar Fur)": "Average", "Dla (Proper)": "Moderately low", "Deti": "High", "Dagbani": "Moderately high", "Dagur": "Average", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "Moderately high", "Dinka": "Average", "Diola-Fogny": "Low", "Diyari": "High", "Dizi": "Average", "Djapu": "High", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Low", "Dangaléat (Western)": "Average", "Dong (Southern)": "Average", "Doyayo": "Average", "Drehu": "Average", "Toro So": "Moderately low", "Dumo": "Low", "Dyirbal": "Average", "Efik": "Low", "Ejagham": "Average", "Ekari": "Low", "English": "Low", "Epena Pedee": "Moderately low", "Evenki": "Average", "Even": "Average", "Ewe": "Average", "Ewondo": "Average", "Eyak": "High", "Fasu": "Moderately low", "Fe'fe'": "Moderately low", "Fijian": "Average", "Finnish": "Moderately low", "French": "Low", "Fulniô": "Average", "Fur": "Moderately low", "Fuzhou": "Moderately low", "Fyem": "High", "Gã": "Average", "Great Andamanese": "Average", "Garo": "Average", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "Average", "Gadsup": "Average", "Georgian": "Moderately high", "German": "Low", "Guahibo": "Average", "Gelao": "Average", "Guambiano": "Average", "Goajiro": "Average", "Gooniyandi": "Moderately high", "Grebo": "Moderately low", "Greek (Modern)": "Average", "Garrwa": "Moderately high", "Greenlandic (West)": "Moderately high", "Guaraní": "Average", "Gwari": "Average", "Hadza": "High", "Haida": "High", "Hakka": "Average", "Hamtai": "Low", "Hausa": "Moderately high", "Hawaiian": "Low", "Hebrew (Modern Ashkenazic)": "Average", "Hindi": "Moderately high", "Hixkaryana": "Average", "Hmong Njua": "High", "Hamer": "Moderately high", "Min (Southern)": "Average", "Hopi": "Average", "Huastec": "Average", "Huitoto (Murui)": "Moderately low", "Hungarian": "Average", "Hupa": "High", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "Average", "Hunzib": "Average", "Iaai": "Average", "Iban": "Average", "Igbo": "Average", "Ignaciano": "Moderately high", "Ingessana": "Average", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "Moderately low", "Ik": "Average", "Ika": "Moderately low", "Imonda": "Low", "Indonesian": "Average", "Ingush": "High", "Irish (Donegal)": "Moderately high", "Iraqw": "High", "Irarutu": "Low", "Iranxe": "Average", "Isoko": "Average", "Itelmen": "Moderately high", "Itonama": "Average", "Ivatan": "Moderately high", "Iwam": "Low", "Jakaltek": "Moderately high", "Jaqaru": "High", "Javanese": "Moderately low", "Jebero": "Moderately high", "Jeh": "Average", "Jivaro": "Average", "Jingpho": "Moderately high", "Jomang": "Low", "Japanese": "Average", "Japreria": "Low", "Ju|'hoan": "High", "Kabardian": "High", "Kadugli": "Average", "Kalami": "Moderately high", "Kashmiri": "Average", "Kayardild": "Moderately high", "Koyra Chiini": "Average", "Kedang": "Moderately low", "Kefa": "Average", "K'ekchí": "Average", "Kera": "Average", "Ket": "Moderately low", "Kewa": "Average", "Koromfe": "Low", "Kalkatungu": "High", "Kirghiz": "Average", "Khalkha": "Moderately low", "Khmer": "Moderately low", "Nama": "Moderately high", "Kharia": "Moderately high", "Khasi": "Average", "Kiowa": "Average", "Kiwai (Southern)": "Moderately low", "Konkani": "Moderately low", "Lusi": "Average", "Klao": "Low", "Klamath": "High", "Kilivila": "Average", "Kala Lagaw Ya": "Average", "Kunimaipa": "Average", "Khmu'": "Moderately low", "Kannada": "Moderately low", "Kaingang": "Low", "Kanakuru": "Average", "Kunama": "Average", "Kanuri": "Average", "Koasati": "Moderately high", "Kobon": "Moderately low", "Kohumono": "Average", "Koiari": "Moderately low", "Komo": "Average", "Korean": "Moderately low", "Kota": "Moderately high", "Koya": "Average", "Kpan": "Moderately high", "Kpelle": "Average", "Kiribati": "Low", "Kurdish (Central)": "Average", "Karok": "Average", "Krongo": "Moderately low", "Koryak": "Average", "Koyraboro Senni": "Average", "Karen (Sgaw)": "Average", "Kisi (Southern)": "Moderately low", "Kotoko": "Average", "Khanty": "Average", "Kullo": "Moderately high", "Kuna": "Moderately low", "Kurukh": "Average", "Kutenai": "High", "Kwaio": "Average", "Kwakw'ala": "High", "Kwoma": "Average", "Kawaiisu": "Average", "Kuku-Yalanji": "Average", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "Low", "Komi-Zyrian": "Average", "Ladakhi": "High", "Lahu": "Average", "Lak": "High", "Lamé": "Moderately high", "Lango": "Low", "Latvian": "Average", "Lavukaleve": "Average", "Lenakel": "Moderately low", "Lepcha": "Average", "Lezgian": "High", "Lithuanian": "Moderately high", "Lakkia": "Moderately high", "Lakhota": "Moderately high", "Lelemi": "Average", "Lü": "Moderately low", "Lua": "Average", "Lugbara": "Average", "Luiseño": "Average", "Luo": "Average", "Lushootseed": "High", "Luvale": "Average", "Maasai": "Moderately low", "Maba": "Average", "Makah": "High", "Malagasy": "High", "Maori": "Low", "Mapudungun": "Average", "Maricopa": "Moderately high", "Maung": "Average", "Maxakalí": "Low", "Maybrat": "Moderately low", "Mazahua": "High", "Mba": "Average", "Mbabaram": "Moderately high", "Meithei": "Average", "Mangghuer": "Moderately high", "Mien": "Moderately high", "Maranungku": "Moderately low", "Mambila": "Moderately low", "Malakmalak": "Average", "Mari (Meadow)": "Average", "Manchu": "Average", "Mandarin": "Average", "Maidu (Northeast)": "Average", "Moghol": "Moderately high", "Mor": "Average", "Movima": "Average", "Murrinh-Patha": "Moderately high", "Marind": "Average", "Margi": "High", "Murle": "Moderately low", "Maranao": "Average", "Moro": "Average", "Martuthunira": "High", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Moderately low", "Mixe (Totontepec)": "Low", "Muinane": "Average", "Mumuye": "Average", "Mundari": "Moderately high", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Average", "Mixtec (Molinos)": "Average", "Ma'ya": "Average", "Mangarrayi": "Average", "Mazatec (Chiquihuitlán)": "Average", "Nanai": "Average", "Nandi": "Low", "Neo-Aramaic (Persian Azerbaijan)": "Moderately high", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "Average", "Nasioi": "Low", "Navajo": "High", "Naxi": "Average", "Natügu": "Average", "Ndut": "Average", "Ndyuka": "Average", "Nepali": "Moderately high", "Newari (Kathmandu)": "Moderately high", "Nez Perce": "Moderately high", "Nganasan": "Moderately low", "Ngiyambaa": "Moderately high", "Ngizim": "High", "Nahuatl (North Puebla)": "Average", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Average", "Nimboran": "Low", "Nyishi": "Moderately low", "Nivkh": "Moderately high", "Nkore-Kiga": "Average", "Nyah Kur (Tha Pong)": "Average", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "Moderately high", "Nancowry": "Moderately low", "Nobiin": "Average", "Noni": "Moderately low", "Norwegian": "Moderately low", "Ngiti": "Moderately high", "Nenets": "Moderately high", "Nunggubuyu": "Moderately high", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "Average", "Nuuchahnulth": "High", "Nyangi": "Low", "Nyimang": "Moderately low", "Ocaina": "Moderately high", "Ogbia": "Moderately low", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "Average", "Oneida": "Moderately low", "O'odham": "Average", "Oromo (Harar)": "Moderately high", "Ormuri": "Average", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Average", "Pacoh": "Low", "Páez": "High", "Paiwan": "Moderately high", "Paumarí": "High", "Pawaian": "Moderately low", "Pech": "Average", "Phlong": "Average", "Pitjantjatjara": "Moderately high", "Paamese": "Average", "Panare": "Low", "Po-Ai": "Low", "Pohnpeian": "Low", "Polish": "Moderately high", "Pirahã": "Moderately low", "Persian": "Average", "Pashto": "Moderately high", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Average", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Moderately high", "Parauk": "Average", "Purépecha": "Moderately high", "Qawasqar": "High", "Quechua (Cochabamba)": "Moderately high", "Quileute": "High", "Rama": "Moderately high", "Rapanui": "Moderately low", "Resígaro": "Moderately high", "Romanian": "Average", "Roro": "Low", "Romansch (Scharans)": "Moderately high", "Rotokas": "Low", "Rukai (Tanan)": "Moderately high", "Russian": "High", "Rutul": "High", "Sa'ban": "Moderately low", "Sango": "Average", "Sáliba (in Colombia)": "Average", "Saami (Central-South)": "High", "Sindhi": "Moderately high", "Sandawe": "High", "Sebei": "Moderately low", "Sedang": "Moderately high", "Selknam": "High", "Shan": "Average", "Shiriana": "Moderately low", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Average", "Shasta": "Average", "Shuswap": "Moderately high", "Siona": "Average", "Selkup": "Low", "Slave": "Moderately high", "Selepet": "Moderately low", "Semelai": "Average", "Seneca": "Low", "Senadi": "Average", "Sinhala": "Average", "Sanuma": "Low", "Sentani": "Low", "Somali": "Moderately low", "Soqotri": "Moderately high", "Sora": "Average", "Spanish": "Average", "Squamish": "High", "Sre": "Average", "Sirionó": "Moderately low", "Suena": "Moderately low", "Sui": "High", "Supyire": "Average", "Savosavo": "Average", "Swahili": "Moderately high", "Taba": "Average", "Tacana": "Moderately high", "Tagalog": "Average", "Tamang (Eastern)": "Average", "Tashlhiyt": "High", "Tehuelche": "High", "Telugu": "Moderately high", "Tera": "High", "Tigak": "Moderately low", "Tigré": "Moderately high", "Thai": "Moderately low", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "Average", "Ticuna": "Average", "Tiwi": "Moderately high", "Teke (Southern)": "Average", "Tlingit": "High", "Tama": "Moderately low", "Temein": "Moderately low", "Tampulma": "Moderately low", "Temne": "Moderately low", "Toaripi": "Low", "Tarok": "Average", "Tol": "Average", "Tonkawa": "Average", "Totonac (Papantla)": "Moderately high", "Trumai": "Average", "Tiruray": "Moderately low", "Tausug": "Moderately high", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "High", "Tsou": "Average", "Tetun": "Moderately low", "Tsova-Tush": "High", "Tuareg (Ahaggar)": "Average", "Tukang Besi": "Average", "Tulu": "Average", "Tunica": "Moderately low", "Turkish": "Average", "Tuvan": "Moderately low", "Tiwa (Northern)": "Average", "Tzeltal (Aguacatenango)": "Moderately high", "UMbundu": "Average", "Una": "Moderately low", "Ungarinjin": "Average", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Moderately low", "Usan": "Moderately low", "Uzbek (Northern)": "Average", "Vietnamese": "Low", "Wahgi": "Average", "Wambaya": "Moderately high", "Waorani": "Moderately low", "Wappo": "Moderately high", "Wari'": "Moderately low", "Wichí": "Average", "Western Desert (Ooldea)": "Moderately high", "Wichita": "Average", "Wintu": "Moderately high", "Wiyot": "Moderately high", "Wolof": "Average", "West Makian": "Average", "Wik Munkan": "Moderately low", "Wantoat": "Moderately low", "Woisika": "Low", "Wapishana": "Average", "Warao": "Moderately low", "Wardaman": "Average", "Waris": "Low", "Waray (in Australia)": "Average", "Wu": "Average", "!Xóõ": "High", "Yagua": "Low", "Yana": "Average", "Yapese": "Average", "Yaqui": "Average", "Yareba": "Moderately low", "Yawa": "Average", "Yay": "Average", "Yucuna": "Average", "Yucatec": "Average", "Yelî Dnye": "Moderately high", "Yessan-Mayo": "Average", "Yeyi": "High", "Yagaria": "Average", "Yidiny": "Average", "Yimas": "Moderately high", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Average", "Yakut": "Moderately low", "Yanyuwa": "High", "Yoruba": "Moderately low", "Yukaghir (Tundra)": "Average", "Yuchi": "Moderately high", "Yulu": "Moderately high", "Yurok": "Moderately high", "Yupik (Siberian)": "High", "Zande": "Average", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Moderately low", "Zulu": "High", "Zuni": "Average" }
4A
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives
Phonology
Does the <LANGUAGE> language have a voicing contrast in plosives and/or fricatives?
No voicing contrast; Voicing contrast in plosives alone; Voicing contrast in fricatives alone; Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives
{ "Abipón": "No voicing contrast", "Abkhaz": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Alabama": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Aché": "No voicing contrast", "Achumawi": "No voicing contrast", "Acoma": "No voicing contrast", "Andoke": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Adzera": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Aleut (Eastern)": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Aghem": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Ahtna": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Aikaná": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Ainu": "No voicing contrast", "Aizi": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Akan": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Akawaio": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Alamblak": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Albanian": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Alladian": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Alawa": "No voicing contrast", "Amahuaca": "No voicing contrast", "Amele": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Amharic": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Amo": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "No voicing contrast", "Amuesha": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Amuzgo": "No voicing contrast", "Araona": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Angas": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "//Ani": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Angaataha": "No voicing contrast", "Ao": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Apinayé": "No voicing contrast", "Apurinã": "No voicing contrast", "Arabela": "No voicing contrast", "Archi": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Asmat": "No voicing contrast", "Atayal": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Avar": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Awngi": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Awa Pit": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Aymara (Central)": "No voicing contrast", "Azerbaijani": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Bagirmi": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Bai": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Bajau (Sama)": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Bambara": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Bawm": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Bobo Madaré (Northern)": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Bella Coola": "No voicing contrast", "Beembe": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Beja": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Bengali": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Berta": "No voicing contrast", "Bété": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Birom": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Bisa": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Bakairí": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Batak (Karo)": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Qaqet": "No voicing contrast", "Waimaha": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Bodo": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Brao": "No voicing contrast", "Bariba": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Bardi": "No voicing contrast", "Breton": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Brahui": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Bribri": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Burmese": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Bororo": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Bru (Western)": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Bashkir": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Basque": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Batak (Toba)": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Burarra": "No voicing contrast", "Bulgarian": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Burushaski": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Bandjalang (Yugumbir)": "No voicing contrast", "Cacua": "No voicing contrast", "Caddo": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Cahuilla": "No voicing contrast", "Camsá": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Carib": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Campa (Axininca)": "No voicing contrast", "Cayapa": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Chickasaw": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Cocopa": "No voicing contrast", "Chamorro": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Cherokee": "No voicing contrast", "Chukchi": "No voicing contrast", "Chehalis (Upper)": "No voicing contrast", "Chipewyan": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Chinantec (Quiotepec)": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Nivacle": "No voicing contrast", "Chuvash": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Cham (Western)": "No voicing contrast", "CiLuba": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Comanche": "No voicing contrast", "Canela": "No voicing contrast", "Cantonese": "No voicing contrast", "Cofán": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Coos (Hanis)": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Cree (Plains)": "No voicing contrast", "Chatino (Sierra Occidental)": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Chin (Tiddim)": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Catalan": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Cubeo": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Chuave": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Cayuvava": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Dadibi": "No voicing contrast", "Daga": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Dahalo": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Dan": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Darai": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Daju (Dar Fur)": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Dla (Proper)": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Deti": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Dagbani": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Dagur": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Dinka": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Diola-Fogny": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Diyari": "No voicing contrast", "Dizi": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Djapu": "No voicing contrast", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "No voicing contrast", "Dangaléat (Western)": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Dong (Southern)": "No voicing contrast", "Doyayo": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Drehu": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Toro So": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Dumo": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Dyirbal": "No voicing contrast", "Efik": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Ejagham": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Ekari": "No voicing contrast", "English": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Epena Pedee": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Evenki": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Even": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Ewe": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Ewondo": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Eyak": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Fasu": "No voicing contrast", "Fe'fe'": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Fijian": "No voicing contrast", "Finnish": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "French": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Fulniô": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Fur": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Fuzhou": "No voicing contrast", "Fyem": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Gã": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Great Andamanese": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Garo": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Gadsup": "No voicing contrast", "Georgian": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "German": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Guahibo": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Gelao": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Guambiano": "No voicing contrast", "Goajiro": "No voicing contrast", "Gooniyandi": "No voicing contrast", "Grebo": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Greek (Modern)": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Garrwa": "No voicing contrast", "Greenlandic (West)": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Guaraní": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Gwari": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Hadza": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Haida": "No voicing contrast", "Hakka": "No voicing contrast", "Hamtai": "No voicing contrast", "Hausa": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Hawaiian": "No voicing contrast", "Hebrew (Modern Ashkenazic)": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Hindi": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Hixkaryana": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Hmong Njua": "No voicing contrast", "Hamer": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Min (Southern)": "No voicing contrast", "Hopi": "No voicing contrast", "Huastec": "No voicing contrast", "Huitoto (Murui)": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Hungarian": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Hupa": "No voicing contrast", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Hunzib": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Iaai": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Iban": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Igbo": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Ignaciano": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Ingessana": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Ik": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Ika": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Imonda": "No voicing contrast", "Indonesian": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Ingush": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Irish (Donegal)": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Iraqw": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Irarutu": "No voicing contrast", "Iranxe": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Isoko": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Itelmen": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Itonama": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Ivatan": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Iwam": "No voicing contrast", "Jakaltek": "No voicing contrast", "Jaqaru": "No voicing contrast", "Javanese": "No voicing contrast", "Jebero": "No voicing contrast", "Jeh": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Jivaro": "No voicing contrast", "Jingpho": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Jomang": "No voicing contrast", "Japanese": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Japreria": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Ju|'hoan": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Kabardian": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Kadugli": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Kalami": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Kashmiri": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Kayardild": "No voicing contrast", "Koyra Chiini": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Kedang": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Kefa": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "K'ekchí": "No voicing contrast", "Kera": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Ket": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Kewa": "No voicing contrast", "Koromfe": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Konyagi": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Kalkatungu": "No voicing contrast", "Kirghiz": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Khalkha": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Khmer": "No voicing contrast", "Nama": "No voicing contrast", "Kharia": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Khasi": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Kiowa": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Kiwai (Southern)": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Konkani": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Lusi": "No voicing contrast", "Klao": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Klamath": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Kilivila": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Kala Lagaw Ya": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Kunimaipa": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Khmu'": "No voicing contrast", "Kannada": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Kaingang": "No voicing contrast", "Kanakuru": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Kunama": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Kanuri": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Koasati": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Kobon": "No voicing contrast", "Kohumono": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Koiari": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Komo": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Korean": "No voicing contrast", "Kota": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Koya": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Kpan": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Kpelle": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Kiribati": "No voicing contrast", "Kurdish (Central)": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Karok": "No voicing contrast", "Krongo": "No voicing contrast", "Koryak": "No voicing contrast", "Koyraboro Senni": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Karen (Sgaw)": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Kisi (Southern)": "No voicing contrast", "Kotoko": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Khanty": "No voicing contrast", "Kullo": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Kuna": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Kurukh": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Kutenai": "No voicing contrast", "Kwaio": "No voicing contrast", "Kwakw'ala": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Kwoma": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Kawaiisu": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Kuku-Yalanji": "No voicing contrast", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Komi-Zyrian": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Ladakhi": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Lahu": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Lak": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Lamé": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Lango": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Latvian": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Lavukaleve": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Lenakel": "No voicing contrast", "Lepcha": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Lezgian": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Lithuanian": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Lakkia": "No voicing contrast", "Lakhota": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Lelemi": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Lü": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Lua": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Lugbara": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Luiseño": "No voicing contrast", "Luo": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Lushootseed": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Luvale": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Maasai": "No voicing contrast", "Maba": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Makah": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Malagasy": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Maori": "No voicing contrast", "Mapudungun": "No voicing contrast", "Maricopa": "No voicing contrast", "Maung": "No voicing contrast", "Maxakalí": "No voicing contrast", "Maybrat": "No voicing contrast", "Mazahua": "No voicing contrast", "Mba": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Mbabaram": "No voicing contrast", "Mbum": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Meithei": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Mangghuer": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Mien": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Maranungku": "No voicing contrast", "Mambila": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Malakmalak": "No voicing contrast", "Mari (Meadow)": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Manchu": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Mandarin": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Maidu (Northeast)": "No voicing contrast", "Moghol": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Mor": "No voicing contrast", "Movima": "No voicing contrast", "Murrinh-Patha": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Marind": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Margi": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Murle": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Maranao": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Moro": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Martuthunira": "No voicing contrast", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "No voicing contrast", "Mixe (Totontepec)": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Muinane": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Mumuye": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Mundari": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Mixtec (Molinos)": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Ma'ya": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Mangarrayi": "No voicing contrast", "Mazatec (Chiquihuitlán)": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Nanai": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Nandi": "No voicing contrast", "Neo-Aramaic (Persian Azerbaijan)": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Nasioi": "No voicing contrast", "Navajo": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Naxi": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Natügu": "No voicing contrast", "Ndut": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Ndyuka": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Nepali": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Newari (Kathmandu)": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Nez Perce": "No voicing contrast", "Nganasan": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Ngiyambaa": "No voicing contrast", "Ngizim": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Nahuatl (North Puebla)": "No voicing contrast", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "No voicing contrast", "Nimboran": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Nyishi": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Nivkh": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Nkore-Kiga": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Nyah Kur (Tha Pong)": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "No voicing contrast", "Nancowry": "No voicing contrast", "Nobiin": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Noni": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Norwegian": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Ngiti": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Nenets": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Nunggubuyu": "No voicing contrast", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "No voicing contrast", "Nuuchahnulth": "No voicing contrast", "Nyangi": "No voicing contrast", "Nyimang": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Ocaina": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Ogbia": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "No voicing contrast", "Oneida": "No voicing contrast", "O'odham": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Oromo (Harar)": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Ormuri": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Pacoh": "No voicing contrast", "Páez": "No voicing contrast", "Paiwan": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Paumarí": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Pawaian": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Pech": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Phlong": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Pitjantjatjara": "No voicing contrast", "Paamese": "No voicing contrast", "Panare": "No voicing contrast", "Po-Ai": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Pohnpeian": "No voicing contrast", "Polish": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Pirahã": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Persian": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Pashto": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "No voicing contrast", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Parauk": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Purépecha": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Qawasqar": "No voicing contrast", "Quechua (Cochabamba)": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Quileute": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Rama": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Rapanui": "No voicing contrast", "Resígaro": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Romanian": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Roro": "No voicing contrast", "Romansch (Scharans)": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Rotokas": "No voicing contrast", "Rukai (Tanan)": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Russian": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Rutul": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Sa'ban": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Sango": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Sáliba (in Colombia)": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Saami (Central-South)": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Sindhi": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Sandawe": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Sebei": "No voicing contrast", "Sedang": "No voicing contrast", "Selknam": "No voicing contrast", "Shan": "No voicing contrast", "Shiriana": "No voicing contrast", "Shipibo-Konibo": "No voicing contrast", "Shasta": "No voicing contrast", "Shuswap": "No voicing contrast", "Siona": "No voicing contrast", "Selkup": "No voicing contrast", "Slave": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Selepet": "No voicing contrast", "Semelai": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Seneca": "No voicing contrast", "Senadi": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Sinhala": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Sanuma": "No voicing contrast", "Sentani": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Somali": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Soqotri": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Sora": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Spanish": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Squamish": "No voicing contrast", "Sre": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Sirionó": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Suena": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Sui": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Supyire": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Savosavo": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Swahili": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Taba": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Tacana": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Tagalog": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Tamang (Eastern)": "No voicing contrast", "Tashlhiyt": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Tehuelche": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Telugu": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Tera": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Tigak": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Tigré": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Thai": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Ticuna": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Tiwi": "No voicing contrast", "Teke (Southern)": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Tlingit": "No voicing contrast", "Tlapanec": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Tama": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Temein": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Tampulma": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Temne": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Toaripi": "No voicing contrast", "Tarok": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Tol": "No voicing contrast", "Tonkawa": "No voicing contrast", "Totonac (Papantla)": "No voicing contrast", "Trumai": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Tiruray": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Tausug": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Tsou": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Tetun": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Tsova-Tush": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Tuareg (Ahaggar)": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Tukang Besi": "No voicing contrast", "Tulu": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Tunica": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Turkish": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Tuvan": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Tiwa (Northern)": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Tzeltal (Aguacatenango)": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "UMbundu": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Una": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Ungarinjin": "No voicing contrast", "Urubú-Kaapor": "No voicing contrast", "Usan": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Uzbek (Northern)": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Vietnamese": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Wahgi": "No voicing contrast", "Wambaya": "No voicing contrast", "Waorani": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Wappo": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Wari'": "No voicing contrast", "Wichí": "No voicing contrast", "Western Desert (Ooldea)": "No voicing contrast", "Wichita": "No voicing contrast", "Wintu": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Wiyot": "No voicing contrast", "Wolof": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "West Makian": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Wik Munkan": "No voicing contrast", "Wantoat": "No voicing contrast", "Woisika": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Wapishana": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Warao": "No voicing contrast", "Wardaman": "No voicing contrast", "Waris": "No voicing contrast", "Waray (in Australia)": "No voicing contrast", "Wu": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "!Xóõ": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Yagua": "No voicing contrast", "Yana": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Yapese": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Yaqui": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Yareba": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Yawa": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Yay": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Yucuna": "No voicing contrast", "Yucatec": "No voicing contrast", "Yelî Dnye": "No voicing contrast", "Yessan-Mayo": "No voicing contrast", "Yeyi": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Yagaria": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Yidiny": "No voicing contrast", "Yimas": "No voicing contrast", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Yakut": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Yanyuwa": "No voicing contrast", "Yoruba": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Yukaghir (Tundra)": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Yuchi": "Voicing contrast in plosives alone", "Yulu": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Yurok": "No voicing contrast", "Yupik (Siberian)": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Zande": "Voicing contrast in both plosives and fricatives", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "No voicing contrast", "Zulu": "Voicing contrast in fricatives alone", "Zuni": "No voicing contrast" }
5A
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems
Phonology
What is the pattern of plosive sounds in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Other; /p t k b d g/; Missing /p/; Missing /g/; Both missing
{ "Abipón": "Other", "Abkhaz": "/p t k b d g/", "Alabama": "Other", "Aché": "Other", "Achumawi": "Other", "Acoma": "Other", "Andoke": "Missing /g/", "Adzera": "/p t k b d g/", "Aleut (Eastern)": "Other", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Missing /p/", "Aghem": "Missing /p/", "Ahtna": "Other", "Aikaná": "/p t k b d g/", "Ainu": "Other", "Aizi": "/p t k b d g/", "Akan": "/p t k b d g/", "Akawaio": "/p t k b d g/", "Alamblak": "/p t k b d g/", "Albanian": "/p t k b d g/", "Alladian": "/p t k b d g/", "Alawa": "Other", "Amahuaca": "Other", "Amele": "Missing /p/", "Amharic": "/p t k b d g/", "Amo": "/p t k b d g/", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "Other", "Amuesha": "Other", "Amuzgo": "Other", "Araona": "Missing /g/", "Angas": "/p t k b d g/", "//Ani": "/p t k b d g/", "Angaataha": "Other", "Ao": "Other", "Apinayé": "Other", "Apurinã": "Other", "Arabela": "Other", "Archi": "Other", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Other", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "/p t k b d g/", "Asmat": "Other", "Atayal": "Other", "Avar": "Other", "Awngi": "/p t k b d g/", "Awa Pit": "Other", "Aymara (Central)": "Other", "Azerbaijani": "/p t k b d g/", "Bagirmi": "/p t k b d g/", "Bai": "Other", "Bajau (Sama)": "/p t k b d g/", "Bambara": "/p t k b d g/", "Bawm": "Missing /g/", "Bobo Madaré (Northern)": "/p t k b d g/", "Bella Coola": "Other", "Beembe": "Other", "Beja": "Missing /p/", "Bengali": "/p t k b d g/", "Berta": "Other", "Bété": "/p t k b d g/", "Birom": "/p t k b d g/", "Bisa": "/p t k b d g/", "Bakairí": "/p t k b d g/", "Batak (Karo)": "/p t k b d g/", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Missing /p/", "Qaqet": "Other", "Waimaha": "/p t k b d g/", "Bodo": "/p t k b d g/", "Brao": "Other", "Bariba": "/p t k b d g/", "Bardi": "Other", "Breton": "/p t k b d g/", "Brahui": "/p t k b d g/", "Bribri": "/p t k b d g/", "Burmese": "/p t k b d g/", "Bororo": "/p t k b d g/", "Bru (Western)": "Missing /g/", "Bashkir": "/p t k b d g/", "Basque": "/p t k b d g/", "Batak (Toba)": "/p t k b d g/", "Burarra": "Other", "Bulgarian": "/p t k b d g/", "Burushaski": "/p t k b d g/", "Bandjalang (Yugumbir)": "Other", "Cacua": "Other", "Caddo": "Missing /g/", "Cahuilla": "Other", "Camsá": "/p t k b d g/", "Carib": "/p t k b d g/", "Campa (Axininca)": "Other", "Cayapa": "/p t k b d g/", "Chickasaw": "Other", "Cocopa": "Other", "Chamorro": "/p t k b d g/", "Cherokee": "Other", "Chukchi": "Other", "Chehalis (Upper)": "Other", "Chipewyan": "Other", "Chinantec (Quiotepec)": "Other", "Nivacle": "Other", "Chuvash": "/p t k b d g/", "Cham (Western)": "Other", "CiLuba": "Missing /g/", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "/p t k b d g/", "Comanche": "Other", "Canela": "Other", "Cantonese": "Other", "Cofán": "/p t k b d g/", "Coos (Hanis)": "/p t k b d g/", "Cree (Plains)": "Other", "Chatino (Sierra Occidental)": "/p t k b d g/", "Chin (Tiddim)": "/p t k b d g/", "Catalan": "/p t k b d g/", "Cubeo": "Missing /g/", "Chuave": "Missing /p/", "Cayuvava": "Missing /g/", "Dadibi": "Other", "Daga": "/p t k b d g/", "Dahalo": "/p t k b d g/", "Dan": "/p t k b d g/", "Darai": "/p t k b d g/", "Daju (Dar Fur)": "/p t k b d g/", "Dla (Proper)": "/p t k b d g/", "Deti": "/p t k b d g/", "Dagbani": "/p t k b d g/", "Dagur": "/p t k b d g/", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "Other", "Dinka": "/p t k b d g/", "Diola-Fogny": "/p t k b d g/", "Diyari": "Other", "Dizi": "Missing /p/", "Djapu": "Other", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Other", "Dangaléat (Western)": "/p t k b d g/", "Dong (Southern)": "Other", "Doyayo": "/p t k b d g/", "Drehu": "/p t k b d g/", "Toro So": "/p t k b d g/", "Dumo": "Other", "Dyirbal": "Other", "Efik": "Both missing", "Ejagham": "/p t k b d g/", "Ekari": "Missing /g/", "English": "/p t k b d g/", "Epena Pedee": "/p t k b d g/", "Evenki": "/p t k b d g/", "Even": "/p t k b d g/", "Ewe": "/p t k b d g/", "Ewondo": "Missing /p/", "Eyak": "Other", "Fasu": "Other", "Fe'fe'": "Missing /p/", "Fijian": "Other", "Finnish": "/p t k b d g/", "French": "/p t k b d g/", "Fulniô": "Other", "Fur": "Missing /p/", "Fuzhou": "Other", "Fyem": "Other", "Gã": "/p t k b d g/", "Great Andamanese": "/p t k b d g/", "Garo": "/p t k b d g/", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "/p t k b d g/", "Gadsup": "Other", "Georgian": "Other", "German": "/p t k b d g/", "Guahibo": "Missing /g/", "Gelao": "Other", "Guambiano": "Other", "Goajiro": "Other", "Gooniyandi": "Other", "Grebo": "/p t k b d g/", "Greek (Modern)": "/p t k b d g/", "Garrwa": "Other", "Greenlandic (West)": "Other", "Guaraní": "Other", "Gwari": "/p t k b d g/", "Hadza": "/p t k b d g/", "Haida": "Other", "Hakka": "Other", "Hamtai": "Other", "Hausa": "Missing /p/", "Hawaiian": "Other", "Hebrew (Modern Ashkenazic)": "/p t k b d g/", "Hindi": "/p t k b d g/", "Hixkaryana": "Missing /g/", "Hmong Njua": "Other", "Hamer": "/p t k b d g/", "Min (Southern)": "/p t k b d g/", "Hopi": "Other", "Huastec": "Other", "Huitoto (Murui)": "Missing /p/", "Hungarian": "/p t k b d g/", "Hupa": "Other", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "Missing /g/", "Hunzib": "/p t k b d g/", "Iaai": "/p t k b d g/", "Iban": "/p t k b d g/", "Igbo": "/p t k b d g/", "Ignaciano": "Missing /g/", "Ingessana": "/p t k b d g/", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "/p t k b d g/", "Ik": "/p t k b d g/", "Ika": "/p t k b d g/", "Imonda": "Other", "Indonesian": "/p t k b d g/", "Ingush": "/p t k b d g/", "Irish (Donegal)": "/p t k b d g/", "Iraqw": "/p t k b d g/", "Irarutu": "Other", "Iranxe": "Missing /g/", "Isoko": "/p t k b d g/", "Itelmen": "Other", "Itonama": "Missing /g/", "Ivatan": "/p t k b d g/", "Iwam": "Other", "Jakaltek": "Other", "Jaqaru": "Other", "Javanese": "Other", "Jebero": "Other", "Jeh": "/p t k b d g/", "Jivaro": "Other", "Jingpho": "/p t k b d g/", "Jomang": "Other", "Japanese": "/p t k b d g/", "Japreria": "Other", "Ju|'hoan": "/p t k b d g/", "Kabardian": "/p t k b d g/", "Kadugli": "/p t k b d g/", "Kalami": "/p t k b d g/", "Kashmiri": "/p t k b d g/", "Kayardild": "Other", "Koyra Chiini": "Missing /p/", "Kedang": "/p t k b d g/", "Kefa": "/p t k b d g/", "K'ekchí": "Other", "Kera": "/p t k b d g/", "Ket": "Both missing", "Kewa": "Other", "Koromfe": "/p t k b d g/", "Konyagi": "/p t k b d g/", "Kalkatungu": "Other", "Kirghiz": "/p t k b d g/", "Khalkha": "/p t k b d g/", "Khmer": "Other", "Nama": "Other", "Kharia": "/p t k b d g/", "Khasi": "Missing /g/", "Kiowa": "/p t k b d g/", "Kiwai (Southern)": "/p t k b d g/", "Konkani": "/p t k b d g/", "Lusi": "Other", "Klao": "Missing /g/", "Klamath": "/p t k b d g/", "Kilivila": "/p t k b d g/", "Kala Lagaw Ya": "/p t k b d g/", "Kunimaipa": "/p t k b d g/", "Khmu'": "Other", "Kannada": "/p t k b d g/", "Kaingang": "Other", "Kanakuru": "/p t k b d g/", "Kunama": "Missing /p/", "Kanuri": "Missing /p/", "Koasati": "Other", "Kobon": "Other", "Kohumono": "/p t k b d g/", "Koiari": "Missing /p/", "Komo": "/p t k b d g/", "Korean": "Other", "Kota": "/p t k b d g/", "Koya": "/p t k b d g/", "Kpan": "/p t k b d g/", "Kpelle": "/p t k b d g/", "Kiribati": "Other", "Kurdish (Central)": "/p t k b d g/", "Karok": "Other", "Krongo": "Other", "Koryak": "Other", "Koyraboro Senni": "Missing /p/", "Karen (Sgaw)": "Other", "Kisi (Southern)": "Other", "Kotoko": "/p t k b d g/", "Khanty": "Other", "Kullo": "Missing /p/", "Kuna": "/p t k b d g/", "Kurukh": "/p t k b d g/", "Kutenai": "Other", "Kwaio": "Other", "Kwakw'ala": "/p t k b d g/", "Kwoma": "Other", "Kawaiisu": "Missing /g/", "Kuku-Yalanji": "Other", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "Missing /g/", "Komi-Zyrian": "/p t k b d g/", "Ladakhi": "/p t k b d g/", "Lahu": "/p t k b d g/", "Lak": "/p t k b d g/", "Lamé": "/p t k b d g/", "Lango": "/p t k b d g/", "Latvian": "/p t k b d g/", "Lavukaleve": "Missing /g/", "Lenakel": "Other", "Lepcha": "/p t k b d g/", "Lezgian": "/p t k b d g/", "Lithuanian": "/p t k b d g/", "Lakkia": "Other", "Lakhota": "Other", "Lelemi": "/p t k b d g/", "Lü": "Missing /g/", "Lua": "/p t k b d g/", "Lugbara": "/p t k b d g/", "Luiseño": "Other", "Luo": "/p t k b d g/", "Lushootseed": "/p t k b d g/", "Luvale": "Other", "Maasai": "Other", "Maba": "Missing /p/", "Makah": "Missing /g/", "Malagasy": "/p t k b d g/", "Maori": "Other", "Mapudungun": "Other", "Maricopa": "Other", "Maung": "Other", "Maxakalí": "Other", "Maybrat": "Other", "Mazahua": "Other", "Mba": "/p t k b d g/", "Mbabaram": "Other", "Mbum": "/p t k b d g/", "Meithei": "/p t k b d g/", "Mangghuer": "/p t k b d g/", "Mien": "/p t k b d g/", "Maranungku": "Other", "Mambila": "/p t k b d g/", "Malakmalak": "Other", "Mari (Meadow)": "Other", "Manchu": "/p t k b d g/", "Mandarin": "Other", "Maidu (Northeast)": "Other", "Moghol": "/p t k b d g/", "Mor": "Other", "Movima": "Other", "Murrinh-Patha": "/p t k b d g/", "Marind": "/p t k b d g/", "Margi": "/p t k b d g/", "Murle": "/p t k b d g/", "Maranao": "/p t k b d g/", "Moro": "/p t k b d g/", "Martuthunira": "Other", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Other", "Mixe (Totontepec)": "Other", "Muinane": "/p t k b d g/", "Mumuye": "/p t k b d g/", "Mundari": "/p t k b d g/", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Other", "Mixtec (Molinos)": "Other", "Ma'ya": "/p t k b d g/", "Mangarrayi": "Other", "Mazatec (Chiquihuitlán)": "Other", "Nanai": "/p t k b d g/", "Nandi": "Other", "Neo-Aramaic (Persian Azerbaijan)": "/p t k b d g/", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "Missing /p/", "Nasioi": "Other", "Navajo": "Other", "Naxi": "/p t k b d g/", "Natügu": "Other", "Ndut": "/p t k b d g/", "Ndyuka": "/p t k b d g/", "Nepali": "/p t k b d g/", "Newari (Kathmandu)": "/p t k b d g/", "Nez Perce": "Other", "Nganasan": "/p t k b d g/", "Ngiyambaa": "Other", "Ngizim": "/p t k b d g/", "Nahuatl (North Puebla)": "Other", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Other", "Nimboran": "/p t k b d g/", "Nyishi": "/p t k b d g/", "Nivkh": "Other", "Nkore-Kiga": "/p t k b d g/", "Nyah Kur (Tha Pong)": "Missing /g/", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "Other", "Nancowry": "Other", "Nobiin": "Missing /p/", "Noni": "Missing /p/", "Norwegian": "/p t k b d g/", "Ngiti": "/p t k b d g/", "Nenets": "Other", "Nunggubuyu": "Other", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "Other", "Nuuchahnulth": "Other", "Nyangi": "Other", "Nyimang": "Missing /p/", "Ocaina": "Other", "Ogbia": "/p t k b d g/", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "Other", "Oneida": "Other", "O'odham": "/p t k b d g/", "Oromo (Harar)": "Missing /p/", "Ormuri": "/p t k b d g/", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "/p t k b d g/", "Pacoh": "Other", "Páez": "Other", "Paiwan": "/p t k b d g/", "Paumarí": "/p t k b d g/", "Pawaian": "/p t k b d g/", "Pech": "Other", "Phlong": "Other", "Pitjantjatjara": "Other", "Paamese": "Other", "Panare": "Other", "Po-Ai": "Other", "Pohnpeian": "Other", "Polish": "/p t k b d g/", "Pirahã": "Other", "Persian": "/p t k b d g/", "Pashto": "/p t k b d g/", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Other", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Missing /g/", "Parauk": "/p t k b d g/", "Purépecha": "/p t k b d g/", "Qawasqar": "Other", "Quechua (Cochabamba)": "Other", "Quileute": "/p t k b d g/", "Rama": "/p t k b d g/", "Rapanui": "Other", "Resígaro": "/p t k b d g/", "Romanian": "/p t k b d g/", "Roro": "Other", "Romansch (Scharans)": "/p t k b d g/", "Rotokas": "Other", "Rukai (Tanan)": "/p t k b d g/", "Russian": "/p t k b d g/", "Rutul": "/p t k b d g/", "Sa'ban": "/p t k b d g/", "Sango": "/p t k b d g/", "Sáliba (in Colombia)": "/p t k b d g/", "Saami (Central-South)": "/p t k b d g/", "Sindhi": "/p t k b d g/", "Sandawe": "/p t k b d g/", "Sebei": "Other", "Sedang": "Other", "Selknam": "Other", "Shan": "Other", "Shiriana": "Other", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Other", "Shasta": "Other", "Shuswap": "Other", "Siona": "Other", "Selkup": "Other", "Slave": "Other", "Selepet": "Other", "Semelai": "/p t k b d g/", "Seneca": "Other", "Senadi": "/p t k b d g/", "Sinhala": "/p t k b d g/", "Sanuma": "Other", "Sentani": "Other", "Somali": "Missing /p/", "Soqotri": "Missing /p/", "Sora": "/p t k b d g/", "Spanish": "Other", "Squamish": "Other", "Sre": "/p t k b d g/", "Sirionó": "/p t k b d g/", "Suena": "/p t k b d g/", "Sui": "Missing /g/", "Supyire": "Missing /g/", "Savosavo": "Other", "Swahili": "/p t k b d g/", "Taba": "/p t k b d g/", "Tacana": "Missing /g/", "Tagalog": "/p t k b d g/", "Tamang (Eastern)": "Other", "Tashlhiyt": "Missing /p/", "Tehuelche": "Missing /g/", "Telugu": "/p t k b d g/", "Tera": "/p t k b d g/", "Tigak": "Other", "Tigré": "Missing /p/", "Thai": "Missing /g/", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "/p t k b d g/", "Ticuna": "/p t k b d g/", "Tiwi": "Other", "Teke (Southern)": "/p t k b d g/", "Tlingit": "Other", "Tlapanec": "/p t k b d g/", "Tama": "Missing /p/", "Temein": "/p t k b d g/", "Tampulma": "/p t k b d g/", "Temne": "Missing /g/", "Toaripi": "Other", "Tarok": "/p t k b d g/", "Tol": "Other", "Tonkawa": "Other", "Totonac (Papantla)": "Other", "Trumai": "Other", "Tiruray": "Missing /p/", "Tausug": "/p t k b d g/", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "/p t k b d g/", "Tsou": "Other", "Tetun": "Missing /g/", "Tsova-Tush": "Other", "Tuareg (Ahaggar)": "Missing /p/", "Tukang Besi": "Other", "Tulu": "/p t k b d g/", "Tunica": "/p t k b d g/", "Turkish": "/p t k b d g/", "Tuvan": "/p t k b d g/", "Tiwa (Northern)": "/p t k b d g/", "Tzeltal (Aguacatenango)": "/p t k b d g/", "UMbundu": "Other", "Una": "Both missing", "Ungarinjin": "Other", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Other", "Usan": "Other", "Uzbek (Northern)": "/p t k b d g/", "Vietnamese": "Other", "Wahgi": "Other", "Wambaya": "Other", "Waorani": "/p t k b d g/", "Wappo": "/p t k b d g/", "Wari'": "Other", "Wichí": "Other", "Western Desert (Ooldea)": "Other", "Wichita": "Other", "Wintu": "Missing /g/", "Wiyot": "Other", "Wolof": "/p t k b d g/", "West Makian": "/p t k b d g/", "Wik Munkan": "Other", "Wantoat": "Other", "Woisika": "/p t k b d g/", "Wapishana": "Other", "Warao": "Other", "Wardaman": "Other", "Waris": "Other", "Waray (in Australia)": "Other", "Wu": "Other", "!Xóõ": "/p t k b d g/", "Yagua": "Other", "Yana": "/p t k b d g/", "Yapese": "/p t k b d g/", "Yaqui": "Other", "Yareba": "Missing /p/", "Yawa": "Missing /g/", "Yay": "Missing /g/", "Yucuna": "Other", "Yucatec": "Other", "Yelî Dnye": "Other", "Yessan-Mayo": "Other", "Yeyi": "/p t k b d g/", "Yagaria": "/p t k b d g/", "Yidiny": "Other", "Yimas": "Other", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "/p t k b d g/", "Yakut": "/p t k b d g/", "Yanyuwa": "Other", "Yoruba": "Missing /p/", "Yukaghir (Tundra)": "/p t k b d g/", "Yuchi": "/p t k b d g/", "Yulu": "/p t k b d g/", "Yurok": "Other", "Yupik (Siberian)": "Other", "Zande": "/p t k b d g/", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Other", "Zulu": "Other", "Zuni": "Other" }
6A
Uvular Consonants
Phonology
Which types of uvular consonants are present in the <LANGUAGE> language?
No uvulars; Uvular stops only; Uvular continuants only; Uvular stops and continuants
{ "Abipón": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Abkhaz": "Uvular stops only", "Alabama": "No uvulars", "Aché": "No uvulars", "Achumawi": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Acoma": "No uvulars", "Andoke": "No uvulars", "Adzera": "No uvulars", "Aleut (Eastern)": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Aghem": "No uvulars", "Ahtna": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Aikaná": "No uvulars", "Ainu": "No uvulars", "Aizi": "No uvulars", "Akan": "No uvulars", "Akawaio": "No uvulars", "Alamblak": "No uvulars", "Albanian": "No uvulars", "Alladian": "No uvulars", "Alawa": "No uvulars", "Amahuaca": "No uvulars", "Amele": "No uvulars", "Amharic": "No uvulars", "Amo": "No uvulars", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "No uvulars", "Amuesha": "No uvulars", "Amuzgo": "No uvulars", "Araona": "No uvulars", "Angas": "No uvulars", "//Ani": "Uvular stops only", "Angaataha": "No uvulars", "Ao": "No uvulars", "Apinayé": "No uvulars", "Apurinã": "No uvulars", "Arabela": "No uvulars", "Archi": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Uvular continuants only", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "No uvulars", "Asmat": "No uvulars", "Atayal": "Uvular stops only", "Avar": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Awngi": "Uvular stops only", "Awa Pit": "No uvulars", "Aymara (Central)": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Azerbaijani": "No uvulars", "Bagirmi": "No uvulars", "Bai": "No uvulars", "Bajau (Sama)": "No uvulars", "Bambara": "No uvulars", "Bawm": "No uvulars", "Bobo Madaré (Northern)": "No uvulars", "Bella Coola": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Beembe": "No uvulars", "Beja": "No uvulars", "Bengali": "No uvulars", "Berta": "No uvulars", "Bété": "No uvulars", "Birom": "No uvulars", "Bisa": "No uvulars", "Bakairí": "No uvulars", "Batak (Karo)": "No uvulars", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Uvular stops only", "Qaqet": "No uvulars", "Waimaha": "No uvulars", "Bodo": "No uvulars", "Brao": "No uvulars", "Bariba": "No uvulars", "Bardi": "No uvulars", "Breton": "No uvulars", "Brahui": "No uvulars", "Bribri": "No uvulars", "Burmese": "No uvulars", "Bororo": "No uvulars", "Bru (Western)": "No uvulars", "Bashkir": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Basque": "No uvulars", "Batak (Toba)": "No uvulars", "Burarra": "No uvulars", "Bulgarian": "No uvulars", "Burushaski": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Bandjalang (Yugumbir)": "No uvulars", "Cacua": "No uvulars", "Caddo": "No uvulars", "Cahuilla": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Camsá": "No uvulars", "Carib": "No uvulars", "Campa (Axininca)": "No uvulars", "Cayapa": "No uvulars", "Chickasaw": "No uvulars", "Cocopa": "No uvulars", "Chamorro": "No uvulars", "Cherokee": "No uvulars", "Chukchi": "Uvular stops only", "Chehalis (Upper)": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Chipewyan": "No uvulars", "Chinantec (Quiotepec)": "No uvulars", "Nivacle": "No uvulars", "Chuvash": "No uvulars", "Cham (Western)": "No uvulars", "CiLuba": "No uvulars", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "No uvulars", "Comanche": "No uvulars", "Canela": "No uvulars", "Cantonese": "No uvulars", "Cofán": "No uvulars", "Coos (Hanis)": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Cree (Plains)": "No uvulars", "Chatino (Sierra Occidental)": "No uvulars", "Chin (Tiddim)": "No uvulars", "Catalan": "No uvulars", "Cubeo": "No uvulars", "Chuave": "No uvulars", "Cayuvava": "No uvulars", "Dadibi": "No uvulars", "Daga": "No uvulars", "Dahalo": "No uvulars", "Dan": "No uvulars", "Darai": "No uvulars", "Daju (Dar Fur)": "Uvular continuants only", "Dla (Proper)": "No uvulars", "Deti": "No uvulars", "Dagbani": "No uvulars", "Dagur": "No uvulars", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "Uvular stops only", "Dinka": "No uvulars", "Diola-Fogny": "No uvulars", "Diyari": "No uvulars", "Dizi": "No uvulars", "Djapu": "No uvulars", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "No uvulars", "Dangaléat (Western)": "No uvulars", "Dong (Southern)": "Uvular continuants only", "Doyayo": "No uvulars", "Drehu": "No uvulars", "Toro So": "No uvulars", "Dumo": "No uvulars", "Dyirbal": "No uvulars", "Efik": "No uvulars", "Ejagham": "No uvulars", "Ekari": "No uvulars", "English": "No uvulars", "Epena Pedee": "No uvulars", "Evenki": "No uvulars", "Even": "No uvulars", "Ewe": "No uvulars", "Ewondo": "No uvulars", "Eyak": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Fasu": "No uvulars", "Fe'fe'": "No uvulars", "Fijian": "No uvulars", "Finnish": "No uvulars", "French": "Uvular continuants only", "Fulniô": "No uvulars", "Fur": "No uvulars", "Fuzhou": "No uvulars", "Fyem": "No uvulars", "Gã": "No uvulars", "Great Andamanese": "No uvulars", "Garo": "No uvulars", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "No uvulars", "Gadsup": "No uvulars", "Georgian": "Uvular stops and continuants", "German": "Uvular continuants only", "Guahibo": "No uvulars", "Gelao": "Uvular stops only", "Guambiano": "No uvulars", "Goajiro": "No uvulars", "Gooniyandi": "No uvulars", "Grebo": "No uvulars", "Greek (Modern)": "No uvulars", "Garrwa": "No uvulars", "Greenlandic (West)": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Guaraní": "No uvulars", "Gwari": "No uvulars", "Hadza": "No uvulars", "Haida": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Hakka": "No uvulars", "Hamtai": "Uvular stops only", "Hausa": "No uvulars", "Hawaiian": "No uvulars", "Hebrew (Modern Ashkenazic)": "Uvular continuants only", "Hindi": "No uvulars", "Hixkaryana": "No uvulars", "Hmong Njua": "Uvular stops only", "Hamer": "Uvular stops only", "Min (Southern)": "No uvulars", "Hopi": "Uvular stops only", "Huastec": "No uvulars", "Huitoto (Murui)": "No uvulars", "Hungarian": "No uvulars", "Hupa": "Uvular stops only", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "No uvulars", "Hunzib": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Iaai": "No uvulars", "Iban": "No uvulars", "Igbo": "No uvulars", "Ignaciano": "No uvulars", "Ingessana": "No uvulars", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "No uvulars", "Ik": "No uvulars", "Ika": "No uvulars", "Imonda": "No uvulars", "Indonesian": "No uvulars", "Ingush": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Irish (Donegal)": "No uvulars", "Iraqw": "Uvular stops only", "Irarutu": "No uvulars", "Iranxe": "No uvulars", "Isoko": "No uvulars", "Itelmen": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Itonama": "No uvulars", "Ivatan": "No uvulars", "Iwam": "No uvulars", "Jakaltek": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Jaqaru": "Uvular stops only", "Javanese": "No uvulars", "Jebero": "No uvulars", "Jeh": "No uvulars", "Jivaro": "No uvulars", "Jingpho": "No uvulars", "Jomang": "No uvulars", "Japanese": "Uvular continuants only", "Japreria": "No uvulars", "Ju|'hoan": "No uvulars", "Kabardian": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Kadugli": "No uvulars", "Kalami": "Uvular stops only", "Kashmiri": "No uvulars", "Kayardild": "No uvulars", "Koyra Chiini": "No uvulars", "Kedang": "No uvulars", "Kefa": "No uvulars", "K'ekchí": "Uvular stops only", "Kera": "No uvulars", "Ket": "Uvular stops only", "Kewa": "No uvulars", "Koromfe": "No uvulars", "Konyagi": "No uvulars", "Kalkatungu": "No uvulars", "Kirghiz": "Uvular stops only", "Khalkha": "No uvulars", "Khmer": "No uvulars", "Nama": "No uvulars", "Kharia": "No uvulars", "Khasi": "No uvulars", "Kiowa": "No uvulars", "Kiwai (Southern)": "No uvulars", "Konkani": "No uvulars", "Lusi": "No uvulars", "Klao": "No uvulars", "Klamath": "Uvular stops only", "Kilivila": "No uvulars", "Kala Lagaw Ya": "No uvulars", "Kunimaipa": "Uvular stops only", "Khmu'": "No uvulars", "Kannada": "No uvulars", "Kaingang": "No uvulars", "Kanakuru": "No uvulars", "Kunama": "No uvulars", "Kanuri": "No uvulars", "Koasati": "No uvulars", "Kobon": "No uvulars", "Kohumono": "No uvulars", "Koiari": "No uvulars", "Komo": "No uvulars", "Korean": "No uvulars", "Kota": "No uvulars", "Koya": "No uvulars", "Kpan": "No uvulars", "Kpelle": "No uvulars", "Kiribati": "No uvulars", "Kurdish (Central)": "Uvular stops only", "Karok": "No uvulars", "Krongo": "No uvulars", "Koryak": "Uvular stops only", "Koyraboro Senni": "No uvulars", "Karen (Sgaw)": "No uvulars", "Kisi (Southern)": "No uvulars", "Kotoko": "No uvulars", "Khanty": "No uvulars", "Kullo": "No uvulars", "Kuna": "No uvulars", "Kurukh": "Uvular continuants only", "Kutenai": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Kwaio": "No uvulars", "Kwakw'ala": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Kwoma": "No uvulars", "Kawaiisu": "No uvulars", "Kuku-Yalanji": "No uvulars", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "No uvulars", "Komi-Zyrian": "No uvulars", "Ladakhi": "No uvulars", "Lahu": "Uvular stops only", "Lak": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Lamé": "No uvulars", "Lango": "No uvulars", "Latvian": "No uvulars", "Lavukaleve": "No uvulars", "Lenakel": "No uvulars", "Lepcha": "No uvulars", "Lezgian": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Lithuanian": "No uvulars", "Lakkia": "No uvulars", "Lakhota": "No uvulars", "Lelemi": "No uvulars", "Lü": "No uvulars", "Lua": "No uvulars", "Lugbara": "No uvulars", "Luiseño": "Uvular stops only", "Luo": "No uvulars", "Lushootseed": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Luvale": "No uvulars", "Maasai": "No uvulars", "Maba": "No uvulars", "Makah": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Malagasy": "No uvulars", "Maori": "No uvulars", "Mapudungun": "No uvulars", "Maricopa": "Uvular stops only", "Maung": "No uvulars", "Maxakalí": "No uvulars", "Maybrat": "No uvulars", "Mazahua": "No uvulars", "Mba": "No uvulars", "Mbabaram": "No uvulars", "Mbum": "No uvulars", "Meithei": "No uvulars", "Mangghuer": "Uvular stops only", "Mien": "No uvulars", "Maranungku": "No uvulars", "Mambila": "No uvulars", "Malakmalak": "No uvulars", "Mari (Meadow)": "No uvulars", "Manchu": "No uvulars", "Mandarin": "No uvulars", "Maidu (Northeast)": "No uvulars", "Moghol": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Mor": "No uvulars", "Movima": "No uvulars", "Murrinh-Patha": "No uvulars", "Marind": "No uvulars", "Margi": "No uvulars", "Murle": "No uvulars", "Maranao": "No uvulars", "Moro": "No uvulars", "Martuthunira": "No uvulars", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "No uvulars", "Mixe (Totontepec)": "No uvulars", "Muinane": "No uvulars", "Mumuye": "No uvulars", "Mundari": "No uvulars", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "No uvulars", "Mixtec (Molinos)": "No uvulars", "Ma'ya": "No uvulars", "Mangarrayi": "No uvulars", "Mazatec (Chiquihuitlán)": "No uvulars", "Nanai": "No uvulars", "Nandi": "No uvulars", "Neo-Aramaic (Persian Azerbaijan)": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "No uvulars", "Nasioi": "No uvulars", "Navajo": "No uvulars", "Naxi": "Uvular continuants only", "Natügu": "No uvulars", "Ndut": "No uvulars", "Ndyuka": "No uvulars", "Nepali": "No uvulars", "Newari (Kathmandu)": "No uvulars", "Nez Perce": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Nganasan": "No uvulars", "Ngiyambaa": "No uvulars", "Ngizim": "No uvulars", "Nahuatl (North Puebla)": "No uvulars", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "No uvulars", "Nimboran": "No uvulars", "Nyishi": "No uvulars", "Nivkh": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Nkore-Kiga": "No uvulars", "Nyah Kur (Tha Pong)": "No uvulars", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "No uvulars", "Nancowry": "No uvulars", "Nobiin": "No uvulars", "Noni": "No uvulars", "Norwegian": "No uvulars", "Ngiti": "No uvulars", "Nenets": "No uvulars", "Nunggubuyu": "No uvulars", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "No uvulars", "Nuuchahnulth": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Nyangi": "No uvulars", "Nyimang": "No uvulars", "Ocaina": "No uvulars", "Ogbia": "No uvulars", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "No uvulars", "Oneida": "No uvulars", "O'odham": "No uvulars", "Oromo (Harar)": "No uvulars", "Ormuri": "Uvular continuants only", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "No uvulars", "Pacoh": "No uvulars", "Páez": "No uvulars", "Paiwan": "Uvular stops only", "Paumarí": "No uvulars", "Pawaian": "No uvulars", "Pech": "No uvulars", "Phlong": "No uvulars", "Pitjantjatjara": "No uvulars", "Paamese": "No uvulars", "Panare": "No uvulars", "Po-Ai": "No uvulars", "Pohnpeian": "No uvulars", "Polish": "No uvulars", "Pirahã": "No uvulars", "Persian": "Uvular stops only", "Pashto": "Uvular continuants only", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "No uvulars", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Parauk": "No uvulars", "Purépecha": "No uvulars", "Qawasqar": "No uvulars", "Quechua (Cochabamba)": "Uvular stops only", "Quileute": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Rama": "No uvulars", "Rapanui": "No uvulars", "Resígaro": "No uvulars", "Romanian": "No uvulars", "Roro": "No uvulars", "Romansch (Scharans)": "No uvulars", "Rotokas": "No uvulars", "Rukai (Tanan)": "No uvulars", "Russian": "No uvulars", "Rutul": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Sa'ban": "No uvulars", "Sango": "No uvulars", "Sáliba (in Colombia)": "No uvulars", "Saami (Central-South)": "No uvulars", "Sindhi": "No uvulars", "Sandawe": "No uvulars", "Sebei": "No uvulars", "Sedang": "No uvulars", "Selknam": "Uvular stops only", "Shan": "No uvulars", "Shiriana": "No uvulars", "Shipibo-Konibo": "No uvulars", "Shasta": "No uvulars", "Shuswap": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Siona": "No uvulars", "Selkup": "Uvular stops only", "Slave": "No uvulars", "Selepet": "No uvulars", "Semelai": "No uvulars", "Seneca": "No uvulars", "Senadi": "No uvulars", "Sinhala": "No uvulars", "Sanuma": "No uvulars", "Sentani": "No uvulars", "Somali": "Uvular stops only", "Soqotri": "No uvulars", "Sora": "No uvulars", "Spanish": "No uvulars", "Squamish": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Sre": "No uvulars", "Sirionó": "No uvulars", "Suena": "No uvulars", "Sui": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Supyire": "No uvulars", "Savosavo": "No uvulars", "Swahili": "No uvulars", "Taba": "No uvulars", "Tacana": "No uvulars", "Tagalog": "No uvulars", "Tamang (Eastern)": "No uvulars", "Tashlhiyt": "No uvulars", "Tehuelche": "Uvular stops only", "Telugu": "No uvulars", "Tera": "No uvulars", "Tigak": "No uvulars", "Tigré": "No uvulars", "Thai": "No uvulars", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "No uvulars", "Ticuna": "No uvulars", "Tiwi": "No uvulars", "Teke (Southern)": "No uvulars", "Tlingit": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Tlapanec": "No uvulars", "Tama": "No uvulars", "Temein": "No uvulars", "Tampulma": "No uvulars", "Temne": "No uvulars", "Toaripi": "No uvulars", "Tarok": "No uvulars", "Tol": "No uvulars", "Tonkawa": "No uvulars", "Totonac (Papantla)": "Uvular stops only", "Trumai": "No uvulars", "Tiruray": "No uvulars", "Tausug": "No uvulars", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Uvular stops only", "Tsou": "No uvulars", "Tetun": "No uvulars", "Tsova-Tush": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Tuareg (Ahaggar)": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Tukang Besi": "No uvulars", "Tulu": "No uvulars", "Tunica": "No uvulars", "Turkish": "No uvulars", "Tuvan": "No uvulars", "Tiwa (Northern)": "No uvulars", "Tzeltal (Aguacatenango)": "No uvulars", "UMbundu": "No uvulars", "Una": "No uvulars", "Ungarinjin": "No uvulars", "Urubú-Kaapor": "No uvulars", "Usan": "No uvulars", "Uzbek (Northern)": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Vietnamese": "No uvulars", "Wahgi": "No uvulars", "Wambaya": "No uvulars", "Waorani": "No uvulars", "Wappo": "No uvulars", "Wari'": "No uvulars", "Wichí": "Uvular stops only", "Western Desert (Ooldea)": "No uvulars", "Wichita": "No uvulars", "Wintu": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Wiyot": "No uvulars", "Wolof": "No uvulars", "West Makian": "No uvulars", "Wik Munkan": "No uvulars", "Wantoat": "No uvulars", "Woisika": "No uvulars", "Wapishana": "No uvulars", "Warao": "No uvulars", "Wardaman": "No uvulars", "Waris": "No uvulars", "Waray (in Australia)": "No uvulars", "Wu": "No uvulars", "!Xóõ": "Uvular stops only", "Yagua": "No uvulars", "Yana": "No uvulars", "Yapese": "No uvulars", "Yaqui": "No uvulars", "Yareba": "No uvulars", "Yawa": "No uvulars", "Yay": "No uvulars", "Yucuna": "No uvulars", "Yucatec": "No uvulars", "Yelî Dnye": "No uvulars", "Yessan-Mayo": "No uvulars", "Yeyi": "No uvulars", "Yagaria": "No uvulars", "Yidiny": "No uvulars", "Yimas": "No uvulars", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Yakut": "No uvulars", "Yanyuwa": "No uvulars", "Yoruba": "No uvulars", "Yukaghir (Tundra)": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Yuchi": "No uvulars", "Yulu": "No uvulars", "Yurok": "No uvulars", "Yupik (Siberian)": "Uvular stops and continuants", "Zande": "No uvulars", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "No uvulars", "Zulu": "No uvulars", "Zuni": "No uvulars" }
7A
Glottalized Consonants
Phonology
Which types of glottalized consonants are present in the <LANGUAGE> language?
No glottalized consonants; Ejectives only; Implosives only; Glottalized resonants only; Ejectives and implosives; Ejectives and glottalized resonants; Implosives and glottalized resonants; Ejectives, implosives and glottalized resonants
{ "Abipón": "No glottalized consonants", "Abkhaz": "Ejectives only", "Alabama": "No glottalized consonants", "Aché": "No glottalized consonants", "Achumawi": "No glottalized consonants", "Acoma": "Ejectives and glottalized resonants", "Andoke": "No glottalized consonants", "Adzera": "No glottalized consonants", "Aleut (Eastern)": "No glottalized consonants", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "No glottalized consonants", "Aghem": "No glottalized consonants", "Ahtna": "Ejectives only", "Aikaná": "No glottalized consonants", "Ainu": "No glottalized consonants", "Aizi": "Implosives only", "Akan": "No glottalized consonants", "Akawaio": "No glottalized consonants", "Alamblak": "No glottalized consonants", "Albanian": "No glottalized consonants", "Alladian": "No glottalized consonants", "Alawa": "No glottalized consonants", "Amahuaca": "No glottalized consonants", "Amele": "No glottalized consonants", "Amharic": "Ejectives only", "Amo": "No glottalized consonants", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "No glottalized consonants", "Amuesha": "No glottalized consonants", "Amuzgo": "No glottalized consonants", "Araona": "No glottalized consonants", "Angas": "Implosives only", "//Ani": "Ejectives only", "Angaataha": "No glottalized consonants", "Ao": "No glottalized consonants", "Apinayé": "No glottalized consonants", "Apurinã": "No glottalized consonants", "Arabela": "No glottalized consonants", "Archi": "Ejectives only", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Ejectives only", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "No glottalized consonants", "Asmat": "No glottalized consonants", "Atayal": "No glottalized consonants", "Avar": "Ejectives only", "Awngi": "No glottalized consonants", "Awa Pit": "No glottalized consonants", "Aymara (Central)": "Ejectives only", "Azerbaijani": "No glottalized consonants", "Bagirmi": "Implosives only", "Bai": "No glottalized consonants", "Bajau (Sama)": "No glottalized consonants", "Bambara": "No glottalized consonants", "Bawm": "No glottalized consonants", "Bobo Madaré (Northern)": "No glottalized consonants", "Bella Coola": "Ejectives only", "Beembe": "No glottalized consonants", "Beja": "No glottalized consonants", "Bengali": "No glottalized consonants", "Berta": "Ejectives only", "Bété": "Implosives only", "Birom": "No glottalized consonants", "Bisa": "No glottalized consonants", "Bakairí": "No glottalized consonants", "Batak (Karo)": "No glottalized consonants", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "No glottalized consonants", "Qaqet": "No glottalized consonants", "Waimaha": "No glottalized consonants", "Bodo": "No glottalized consonants", "Brao": "Implosives only", "Bariba": "No glottalized consonants", "Bardi": "No glottalized consonants", "Breton": "No glottalized consonants", "Brahui": "No glottalized consonants", "Bribri": "No glottalized consonants", "Burmese": "No glottalized consonants", "Bororo": "No glottalized consonants", "Bru (Western)": "No glottalized consonants", "Bashkir": "No glottalized consonants", "Basque": "No glottalized consonants", "Batak (Toba)": "No glottalized consonants", "Burarra": "No glottalized consonants", "Bulgarian": "No glottalized consonants", "Burushaski": "No glottalized consonants", "Bandjalang (Yugumbir)": "No glottalized consonants", "Cacua": "No glottalized consonants", "Caddo": "Ejectives only", "Cahuilla": "No glottalized consonants", "Camsá": "No glottalized consonants", "Carib": "No glottalized consonants", "Campa (Axininca)": "No glottalized consonants", "Cayapa": "No glottalized consonants", "Chickasaw": "No glottalized consonants", "Cocopa": "No glottalized consonants", "Chamorro": "No glottalized consonants", "Cherokee": "No glottalized consonants", "Chukchi": "No glottalized consonants", "Chehalis (Upper)": "Ejectives only", "Chipewyan": "Ejectives only", "Chinantec (Quiotepec)": "Glottalized resonants only", "Nivacle": "Ejectives only", "Chuvash": "No glottalized consonants", "Cham (Western)": "Implosives only", "CiLuba": "No glottalized consonants", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "No glottalized consonants", "Comanche": "No glottalized consonants", "Canela": "No glottalized consonants", "Cantonese": "No glottalized consonants", "Cofán": "No glottalized consonants", "Coos (Hanis)": "Ejectives only", "Cree (Plains)": "No glottalized consonants", "Chatino (Sierra Occidental)": "No glottalized consonants", "Chin (Tiddim)": "Glottalized resonants only", "Catalan": "No glottalized consonants", "Cubeo": "No glottalized consonants", "Chuave": "No glottalized consonants", "Cayuvava": "No glottalized consonants", "Dadibi": "No glottalized consonants", "Daga": "No glottalized consonants", "Dahalo": "Ejectives and implosives", "Dan": "Implosives only", "Darai": "No glottalized consonants", "Daju (Dar Fur)": "Implosives only", "Dla (Proper)": "No glottalized consonants", "Deti": "Ejectives and implosives", "Dagbani": "No glottalized consonants", "Dagur": "No glottalized consonants", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "No glottalized consonants", "Dinka": "No glottalized consonants", "Diola-Fogny": "No glottalized consonants", "Diyari": "No glottalized consonants", "Dizi": "Ejectives only", "Djapu": "No glottalized consonants", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "No glottalized consonants", "Dangaléat (Western)": "Implosives only", "Dong (Southern)": "No glottalized consonants", "Doyayo": "Implosives only", "Drehu": "No glottalized consonants", "Toro So": "No glottalized consonants", "Dumo": "No glottalized consonants", "Dyirbal": "No glottalized consonants", "Efik": "No glottalized consonants", "Ejagham": "No glottalized consonants", "Ekari": "No glottalized consonants", "English": "No glottalized consonants", "Epena Pedee": "No glottalized consonants", "Evenki": "No glottalized consonants", "Even": "No glottalized consonants", "Ewe": "No glottalized consonants", "Ewondo": "No glottalized consonants", "Eyak": "Ejectives only", "Fasu": "No glottalized consonants", "Fe'fe'": "No glottalized consonants", "Fijian": "No glottalized consonants", "Finnish": "No glottalized consonants", "French": "No glottalized consonants", "Fulniô": "No glottalized consonants", "Fur": "No glottalized consonants", "Fuzhou": "No glottalized consonants", "Fyem": "Implosives only", "Gã": "No glottalized consonants", "Great Andamanese": "No glottalized consonants", "Garo": "No glottalized consonants", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "Implosives only", "Gadsup": "No glottalized consonants", "Georgian": "Ejectives only", "German": "No glottalized consonants", "Guahibo": "No glottalized consonants", "Gelao": "No glottalized consonants", "Guambiano": "No glottalized consonants", "Goajiro": "No glottalized consonants", "Gooniyandi": "No glottalized consonants", "Grebo": "No glottalized consonants", "Greek (Modern)": "No glottalized consonants", "Garrwa": "No glottalized consonants", "Greenlandic (West)": "No glottalized consonants", "Guaraní": "No glottalized consonants", "Gwari": "Implosives only", "Hadza": "Ejectives only", "Haida": "Ejectives and glottalized resonants", "Hakka": "No glottalized consonants", "Hamtai": "No glottalized consonants", "Hausa": "Ejectives and implosives", "Hawaiian": "No glottalized consonants", "Hebrew (Modern Ashkenazic)": "No glottalized consonants", "Hindi": "No glottalized consonants", "Hixkaryana": "No glottalized consonants", "Hmong Njua": "No glottalized consonants", "Hamer": "Ejectives and implosives", "Min (Southern)": "No glottalized consonants", "Hopi": "No glottalized consonants", "Huastec": "Ejectives only", "Huitoto (Murui)": "No glottalized consonants", "Hungarian": "No glottalized consonants", "Hupa": "Ejectives only", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "No glottalized consonants", "Hunzib": "Ejectives only", "Iaai": "No glottalized consonants", "Iban": "No glottalized consonants", "Igbo": "No glottalized consonants", "Ignaciano": "No glottalized consonants", "Ingessana": "No glottalized consonants", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "No glottalized consonants", "Ik": "Ejectives and implosives", "Ika": "No glottalized consonants", "Imonda": "No glottalized consonants", "Indonesian": "No glottalized consonants", "Ingush": "Ejectives only", "Irish (Donegal)": "No glottalized consonants", "Iraqw": "Ejectives and implosives", "Irarutu": "No glottalized consonants", "Iranxe": "No glottalized consonants", "Isoko": "No glottalized consonants", "Itelmen": "Ejectives only", "Itonama": "Ejectives only", "Ivatan": "No glottalized consonants", "Iwam": "No glottalized consonants", "Jakaltek": "Ejectives only", "Jaqaru": "Ejectives only", "Javanese": "No glottalized consonants", "Jebero": "Ejectives and glottalized resonants", "Jeh": "Implosives only", "Jivaro": "No glottalized consonants", "Jingpho": "No glottalized consonants", "Jomang": "No glottalized consonants", "Japanese": "No glottalized consonants", "Japreria": "No glottalized consonants", "Ju|'hoan": "Ejectives only", "Kabardian": "Ejectives only", "Kadugli": "Implosives only", "Kalami": "No glottalized consonants", "Kashmiri": "No glottalized consonants", "Kayardild": "No glottalized consonants", "Koyra Chiini": "No glottalized consonants", "Kedang": "No glottalized consonants", "Kefa": "Ejectives only", "K'ekchí": "Ejectives and implosives", "Kera": "Implosives only", "Ket": "No glottalized consonants", "Kewa": "No glottalized consonants", "Koromfe": "No glottalized consonants", "Konyagi": "Implosives only", "Kalkatungu": "No glottalized consonants", "Kirghiz": "No glottalized consonants", "Khalkha": "No glottalized consonants", "Khmer": "Implosives only", "Nama": "No glottalized consonants", "Kharia": "No glottalized consonants", "Khasi": "No glottalized consonants", "Kiowa": "Ejectives only", "Kiwai (Southern)": "No glottalized consonants", "Konkani": "No glottalized consonants", "Lusi": "No glottalized consonants", "Klao": "No glottalized consonants", "Klamath": "Ejectives and glottalized resonants", "Kilivila": "No glottalized consonants", "Kala Lagaw Ya": "No glottalized consonants", "Kunimaipa": "No glottalized consonants", "Khmu'": "Implosives and glottalized resonants", "Kannada": "No glottalized consonants", "Kaingang": "No glottalized consonants", "Kanakuru": "Implosives only", "Kunama": "No glottalized consonants", "Kanuri": "No glottalized consonants", "Koasati": "No glottalized consonants", "Kobon": "No glottalized consonants", "Kohumono": "Implosives only", "Koiari": "No glottalized consonants", "Komo": "Ejectives and implosives", "Korean": "Ejectives only", "Kota": "No glottalized consonants", "Koya": "No glottalized consonants", "Kpan": "No glottalized consonants", "Kpelle": "Implosives only", "Kiribati": "No glottalized consonants", "Kurdish (Central)": "No glottalized consonants", "Karok": "No glottalized consonants", "Krongo": "Implosives only", "Koryak": "No glottalized consonants", "Koyraboro Senni": "No glottalized consonants", "Karen (Sgaw)": "Implosives only", "Kisi (Southern)": "Implosives only", "Kotoko": "Ejectives and implosives", "Khanty": "No glottalized consonants", "Kullo": "Ejectives and implosives", "Kuna": "No glottalized consonants", "Kurukh": "No glottalized consonants", "Kutenai": "Ejectives and glottalized resonants", "Kwaio": "No glottalized consonants", "Kwakw'ala": "Ejectives and glottalized resonants", "Kwoma": "No glottalized consonants", "Kawaiisu": "No glottalized consonants", "Kuku-Yalanji": "No glottalized consonants", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "No glottalized consonants", "Komi-Zyrian": "No glottalized consonants", "Ladakhi": "No glottalized consonants", "Lahu": "No glottalized consonants", "Lak": "Ejectives only", "Lamé": "Implosives only", "Lango": "No glottalized consonants", "Latvian": "No glottalized consonants", "Lavukaleve": "No glottalized consonants", "Lenakel": "No glottalized consonants", "Lepcha": "No glottalized consonants", "Lezgian": "Ejectives only", "Lithuanian": "No glottalized consonants", "Lakkia": "Implosives only", "Lakhota": "Ejectives only", "Lelemi": "No glottalized consonants", "Lü": "No glottalized consonants", "Lua": "Implosives only", "Lugbara": "Implosives and glottalized resonants", "Luiseño": "No glottalized consonants", "Luo": "No glottalized consonants", "Lushootseed": "Ejectives, implosives and glottalized resonants", "Luvale": "No glottalized consonants", "Maasai": "Implosives only", "Maba": "No glottalized consonants", "Makah": "Ejectives only", "Malagasy": "No glottalized consonants", "Maori": "No glottalized consonants", "Mapudungun": "No glottalized consonants", "Maricopa": "No glottalized consonants", "Maung": "No glottalized consonants", "Maxakalí": "No glottalized consonants", "Maybrat": "No glottalized consonants", "Mazahua": "Ejectives, implosives and glottalized resonants", "Mba": "Implosives only", "Mbabaram": "No glottalized consonants", "Mbum": "Implosives only", "Meithei": "No glottalized consonants", "Mangghuer": "No glottalized consonants", "Mien": "No glottalized consonants", "Maranungku": "No glottalized consonants", "Mambila": "No glottalized consonants", "Malakmalak": "No glottalized consonants", "Mari (Meadow)": "No glottalized consonants", "Manchu": "No glottalized consonants", "Mandarin": "No glottalized consonants", "Maidu (Northeast)": "Ejectives and implosives", "Moghol": "No glottalized consonants", "Mor": "No glottalized consonants", "Movima": "Implosives only", "Murrinh-Patha": "No glottalized consonants", "Marind": "No glottalized consonants", "Margi": "Implosives only", "Murle": "Implosives only", "Maranao": "No glottalized consonants", "Moro": "No glottalized consonants", "Martuthunira": "No glottalized consonants", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "No glottalized consonants", "Mixe (Totontepec)": "No glottalized consonants", "Muinane": "No glottalized consonants", "Mumuye": "Implosives only", "Mundari": "No glottalized consonants", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "No glottalized consonants", "Mixtec (Molinos)": "No glottalized consonants", "Ma'ya": "No glottalized consonants", "Mangarrayi": "No glottalized consonants", "Mazatec (Chiquihuitlán)": "No glottalized consonants", "Nanai": "No glottalized consonants", "Nandi": "No glottalized consonants", "Neo-Aramaic (Persian Azerbaijan)": "No glottalized consonants", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "No glottalized consonants", "Nasioi": "No glottalized consonants", "Navajo": "Ejectives only", "Naxi": "No glottalized consonants", "Natügu": "No glottalized consonants", "Ndut": "Implosives only", "Ndyuka": "No glottalized consonants", "Nepali": "No glottalized consonants", "Newari (Kathmandu)": "No glottalized consonants", "Nez Perce": "Ejectives and glottalized resonants", "Nganasan": "No glottalized consonants", "Ngiyambaa": "No glottalized consonants", "Ngizim": "Implosives only", "Nahuatl (North Puebla)": "No glottalized consonants", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "No glottalized consonants", "Nimboran": "No glottalized consonants", "Nyishi": "No glottalized consonants", "Nivkh": "No glottalized consonants", "Nkore-Kiga": "No glottalized consonants", "Nyah Kur (Tha Pong)": "No glottalized consonants", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "Ejectives, implosives and glottalized resonants", "Nancowry": "No glottalized consonants", "Nobiin": "No glottalized consonants", "Noni": "No glottalized consonants", "Norwegian": "No glottalized consonants", "Ngiti": "Implosives only", "Nenets": "No glottalized consonants", "Nunggubuyu": "No glottalized consonants", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "Implosives only", "Nuuchahnulth": "Ejectives and glottalized resonants", "Nyangi": "Implosives only", "Nyimang": "No glottalized consonants", "Ocaina": "No glottalized consonants", "Ogbia": "Implosives only", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "No glottalized consonants", "Oneida": "No glottalized consonants", "O'odham": "No glottalized consonants", "Oromo (Harar)": "Ejectives and implosives", "Ormuri": "No glottalized consonants", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "No glottalized consonants", "Pacoh": "Implosives only", "Páez": "No glottalized consonants", "Paiwan": "No glottalized consonants", "Paumarí": "Implosives only", "Pawaian": "No glottalized consonants", "Pech": "No glottalized consonants", "Phlong": "Implosives only", "Pitjantjatjara": "No glottalized consonants", "Paamese": "No glottalized consonants", "Panare": "No glottalized consonants", "Po-Ai": "No glottalized consonants", "Pohnpeian": "No glottalized consonants", "Polish": "No glottalized consonants", "Pirahã": "No glottalized consonants", "Persian": "No glottalized consonants", "Pashto": "No glottalized consonants", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "No glottalized consonants", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Ejectives only", "Parauk": "No glottalized consonants", "Purépecha": "No glottalized consonants", "Qawasqar": "Ejectives only", "Quechua (Cochabamba)": "Ejectives only", "Quileute": "Ejectives only", "Rama": "No glottalized consonants", "Rapanui": "No glottalized consonants", "Resígaro": "No glottalized consonants", "Romanian": "No glottalized consonants", "Roro": "No glottalized consonants", "Romansch (Scharans)": "No glottalized consonants", "Rotokas": "No glottalized consonants", "Rukai (Tanan)": "No glottalized consonants", "Russian": "No glottalized consonants", "Rutul": "Ejectives only", "Sa'ban": "No glottalized consonants", "Sango": "Implosives only", "Sáliba (in Colombia)": "No glottalized consonants", "Saami (Central-South)": "No glottalized consonants", "Sindhi": "Implosives only", "Sandawe": "Ejectives only", "Sebei": "No glottalized consonants", "Sedang": "Implosives and glottalized resonants", "Selknam": "Ejectives only", "Shan": "No glottalized consonants", "Shiriana": "No glottalized consonants", "Shipibo-Konibo": "No glottalized consonants", "Shasta": "Ejectives only", "Shuswap": "Ejectives and glottalized resonants", "Siona": "Ejectives only", "Selkup": "No glottalized consonants", "Slave": "Ejectives and glottalized resonants", "Selepet": "No glottalized consonants", "Semelai": "Glottalized resonants only", "Seneca": "No glottalized consonants", "Senadi": "No glottalized consonants", "Sinhala": "No glottalized consonants", "Sanuma": "No glottalized consonants", "Sentani": "No glottalized consonants", "Somali": "No glottalized consonants", "Soqotri": "Ejectives and glottalized resonants", "Sora": "No glottalized consonants", "Spanish": "No glottalized consonants", "Squamish": "Ejectives and glottalized resonants", "Sre": "Implosives only", "Sirionó": "No glottalized consonants", "Suena": "No glottalized consonants", "Sui": "Implosives and glottalized resonants", "Supyire": "No glottalized consonants", "Savosavo": "No glottalized consonants", "Swahili": "No glottalized consonants", "Taba": "No glottalized consonants", "Tacana": "No glottalized consonants", "Tagalog": "No glottalized consonants", "Tamang (Eastern)": "No glottalized consonants", "Tashlhiyt": "No glottalized consonants", "Tehuelche": "Ejectives only", "Telugu": "No glottalized consonants", "Tera": "Implosives only", "Tigak": "No glottalized consonants", "Tigré": "Ejectives only", "Thai": "No glottalized consonants", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "No glottalized consonants", "Ticuna": "No glottalized consonants", "Tiwi": "No glottalized consonants", "Teke (Southern)": "No glottalized consonants", "Tlingit": "Ejectives only", "Tlapanec": "No glottalized consonants", "Tama": "Implosives only", "Temein": "No glottalized consonants", "Tampulma": "No glottalized consonants", "Temne": "No glottalized consonants", "Toaripi": "No glottalized consonants", "Tarok": "Implosives only", "Tol": "Ejectives only", "Tonkawa": "No glottalized consonants", "Totonac (Papantla)": "No glottalized consonants", "Trumai": "Ejectives only", "Tiruray": "No glottalized consonants", "Tausug": "No glottalized consonants", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Ejectives and glottalized resonants", "Tsou": "Implosives only", "Tetun": "No glottalized consonants", "Tsova-Tush": "Ejectives only", "Tuareg (Ahaggar)": "No glottalized consonants", "Tukang Besi": "Implosives only", "Tulu": "No glottalized consonants", "Tunica": "No glottalized consonants", "Turkish": "No glottalized consonants", "Tuvan": "No glottalized consonants", "Tiwa (Northern)": "Ejectives only", "Tzeltal (Aguacatenango)": "Ejectives only", "UMbundu": "No glottalized consonants", "Una": "No glottalized consonants", "Ungarinjin": "No glottalized consonants", "Urubú-Kaapor": "No glottalized consonants", "Usan": "No glottalized consonants", "Uzbek (Northern)": "No glottalized consonants", "Vietnamese": "Implosives only", "Wahgi": "No glottalized consonants", "Wambaya": "No glottalized consonants", "Waorani": "No glottalized consonants", "Wappo": "Ejectives and glottalized resonants", "Wari'": "Glottalized resonants only", "Wichí": "Ejectives and glottalized resonants", "Western Desert (Ooldea)": "No glottalized consonants", "Wichita": "Ejectives and glottalized resonants", "Wintu": "Ejectives only", "Wiyot": "No glottalized consonants", "Wolof": "No glottalized consonants", "West Makian": "No glottalized consonants", "Wik Munkan": "No glottalized consonants", "Wantoat": "No glottalized consonants", "Woisika": "No glottalized consonants", "Wapishana": "Implosives only", "Warao": "No glottalized consonants", "Wardaman": "No glottalized consonants", "Waris": "No glottalized consonants", "Waray (in Australia)": "No glottalized consonants", "Wu": "No glottalized consonants", "!Xóõ": "Ejectives and glottalized resonants", "Yagua": "No glottalized consonants", "Yana": "Ejectives only", "Yapese": "Ejectives and glottalized resonants", "Yaqui": "No glottalized consonants", "Yareba": "No glottalized consonants", "Yawa": "No glottalized consonants", "Yay": "No glottalized consonants", "Yucuna": "No glottalized consonants", "Yucatec": "Ejectives and implosives", "Yelî Dnye": "No glottalized consonants", "Yessan-Mayo": "No glottalized consonants", "Yeyi": "Ejectives only", "Yagaria": "Implosives only", "Yidiny": "No glottalized consonants", "Yimas": "No glottalized consonants", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "No glottalized consonants", "Yakut": "No glottalized consonants", "Yanyuwa": "No glottalized consonants", "Yoruba": "No glottalized consonants", "Yukaghir (Tundra)": "No glottalized consonants", "Yuchi": "Ejectives and glottalized resonants", "Yulu": "Implosives only", "Yurok": "Ejectives and glottalized resonants", "Yupik (Siberian)": "No glottalized consonants", "Zande": "No glottalized consonants", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "No glottalized consonants", "Zulu": "Ejectives and implosives", "Zuni": "Ejectives only" }
8A
Lateral Consonants
Phonology
Which types of lateral consonants are present in the <LANGUAGE> language?
No laterals; /l/, no obstruent laterals; Laterals, but no /l/, no obstruent lateral; /l/ and lateral obstruents; No /l/, but lateral obstruents
{ "Abipón": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Abkhaz": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Alabama": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Aché": "Laterals, but no /l/, no obstruent lateral", "Achumawi": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Acoma": "No laterals", "Andoke": "No laterals", "Adzera": "No laterals", "Aleut (Eastern)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Aghem": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Ahtna": "No /l/, but lateral obstruents", "Aikaná": "Laterals, but no /l/, no obstruent lateral", "Ainu": "No laterals", "Aizi": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Akan": "No laterals", "Akawaio": "No laterals", "Alamblak": "No laterals", "Albanian": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Alladian": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Alawa": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Amahuaca": "No laterals", "Amele": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Amharic": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Amo": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Amuesha": "Laterals, but no /l/, no obstruent lateral", "Amuzgo": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Araona": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Angas": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "//Ani": "No laterals", "Angaataha": "Laterals, but no /l/, no obstruent lateral", "Ao": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Apinayé": "No laterals", "Apurinã": "No laterals", "Arabela": "No laterals", "Archi": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Armenian (Eastern)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Asmat": "No laterals", "Atayal": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Avar": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Awngi": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Awa Pit": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Aymara (Central)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Azerbaijani": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Bagirmi": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Bai": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Bajau (Sama)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Bambara": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Bawm": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Bobo Madaré (Northern)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Bella Coola": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Beembe": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Beja": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Bengali": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Berta": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Bété": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Birom": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Bisa": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Bakairí": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Batak (Karo)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Qaqet": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Waimaha": "No laterals", "Bodo": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Brao": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Bariba": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Bardi": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Breton": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Brahui": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Bribri": "No laterals", "Burmese": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Bororo": "No laterals", "Bru (Western)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Bashkir": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Basque": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Batak (Toba)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Burarra": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Bulgarian": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Burushaski": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Bandjalang (Yugumbir)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Cacua": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Caddo": "No laterals", "Cahuilla": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Camsá": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Carib": "No laterals", "Campa (Axininca)": "No laterals", "Cayapa": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Chickasaw": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Cocopa": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Chamorro": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Cherokee": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Chukchi": "No /l/, but lateral obstruents", "Chehalis (Upper)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Chipewyan": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Chinantec (Quiotepec)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Nivacle": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Chuvash": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Cham (Western)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "CiLuba": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Comanche": "No laterals", "Canela": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Cantonese": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Cofán": "No laterals", "Coos (Hanis)": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Cree (Plains)": "No laterals", "Chatino (Sierra Occidental)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Chin (Tiddim)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Catalan": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Cubeo": "No laterals", "Chuave": "No laterals", "Cayuvava": "No laterals", "Dadibi": "No laterals", "Daga": "No laterals", "Dahalo": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Dan": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Darai": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Daju (Dar Fur)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Dla (Proper)": "No laterals", "Deti": "No laterals", "Dagbani": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Dagur": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Dinka": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Diola-Fogny": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Diyari": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Dizi": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Djapu": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Dangaléat (Western)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Dong (Southern)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Doyayo": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Drehu": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Toro So": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Dumo": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Dyirbal": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Efik": "No laterals", "Ejagham": "No laterals", "Ekari": "Laterals, but no /l/, no obstruent lateral", "English": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Epena Pedee": "No laterals", "Evenki": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Even": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Ewe": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Ewondo": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Eyak": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Fasu": "No laterals", "Fe'fe'": "No laterals", "Fijian": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Finnish": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "French": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Fulniô": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Fur": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Fuzhou": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Fyem": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Gã": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Great Andamanese": "Laterals, but no /l/, no obstruent lateral", "Garo": "No laterals", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Gadsup": "No laterals", "Georgian": "Laterals, but no /l/, no obstruent lateral", "German": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Guahibo": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Gelao": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Guambiano": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Goajiro": "Laterals, but no /l/, no obstruent lateral", "Gooniyandi": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Grebo": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Greek (Modern)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Garrwa": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Greenlandic (West)": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Guaraní": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Gwari": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Hadza": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Haida": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Hakka": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Hamtai": "No laterals", "Hausa": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Hawaiian": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Hebrew (Modern Ashkenazic)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Hindi": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Hixkaryana": "Laterals, but no /l/, no obstruent lateral", "Hmong Njua": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Hamer": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Min (Southern)": "No laterals", "Hopi": "No laterals", "Huastec": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Huitoto (Murui)": "No laterals", "Hungarian": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Hupa": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Hunzib": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Iaai": "Laterals, but no /l/, no obstruent lateral", "Iban": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Igbo": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Ignaciano": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Ingessana": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Ik": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Ika": "No laterals", "Imonda": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Indonesian": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Ingush": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Irish (Donegal)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Iraqw": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Irarutu": "No laterals", "Iranxe": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Isoko": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Itelmen": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Itonama": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Ivatan": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Iwam": "No laterals", "Jakaltek": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Jaqaru": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Javanese": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Jebero": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Jeh": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Jivaro": "No laterals", "Jingpho": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Jomang": "No laterals", "Japanese": "No laterals", "Japreria": "Laterals, but no /l/, no obstruent lateral", "Ju|'hoan": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Kabardian": "No /l/, but lateral obstruents", "Kadugli": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Kalami": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Kashmiri": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Kayardild": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Koyra Chiini": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Kedang": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Kefa": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "K'ekchí": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Kera": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Ket": "Laterals, but no /l/, no obstruent lateral", "Kewa": "Laterals, but no /l/, no obstruent lateral", "Koromfe": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Konyagi": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Kalkatungu": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Kirghiz": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Khalkha": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Khmer": "Laterals, but no /l/, no obstruent lateral", "Nama": "No laterals", "Kharia": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Khasi": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Kiowa": "No /l/, but lateral obstruents", "Kiwai (Southern)": "No laterals", "Konkani": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Lusi": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Klao": "No laterals", "Klamath": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Kilivila": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Kala Lagaw Ya": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Kunimaipa": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Khmu'": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Kannada": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Kaingang": "No laterals", "Kanakuru": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Kunama": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Kanuri": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Koasati": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Kobon": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Kohumono": "No laterals", "Koiari": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Komo": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Korean": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Kota": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Koya": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Kpan": "No laterals", "Kpelle": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Kiribati": "No laterals", "Kurdish (Central)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Karok": "No laterals", "Krongo": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Koryak": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Koyraboro Senni": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Karen (Sgaw)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Kisi (Southern)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Kotoko": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Khanty": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Kullo": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Kuna": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Kurukh": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Kutenai": "No /l/, but lateral obstruents", "Kwaio": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Kwakw'ala": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Kwoma": "No laterals", "Kawaiisu": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Kuku-Yalanji": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Komi-Zyrian": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Ladakhi": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Lahu": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Lak": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Lamé": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Lango": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Latvian": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Lavukaleve": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Lenakel": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Lepcha": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Lezgian": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Lithuanian": "Laterals, but no /l/, no obstruent lateral", "Lakkia": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Lakhota": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Lelemi": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Lü": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Lua": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Lugbara": "Laterals, but no /l/, no obstruent lateral", "Luiseño": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Luo": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Lushootseed": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Luvale": "Laterals, but no /l/, no obstruent lateral", "Maasai": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Maba": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Makah": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Malagasy": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Maori": "No laterals", "Mapudungun": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Maricopa": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Maung": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Maxakalí": "No laterals", "Maybrat": "No laterals", "Mazahua": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Mba": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Mbabaram": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Mbum": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Meithei": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Mangghuer": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Mien": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Maranungku": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Mambila": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Malakmalak": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Mari (Meadow)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Manchu": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Mandarin": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Maidu (Northeast)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Moghol": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Mor": "No laterals", "Movima": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Murrinh-Patha": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Marind": "Laterals, but no /l/, no obstruent lateral", "Margi": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Murle": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Maranao": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Moro": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Martuthunira": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Mixe (Totontepec)": "No laterals", "Muinane": "No laterals", "Mumuye": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Mundari": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Mixtec (Molinos)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Ma'ya": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Mangarrayi": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Mazatec (Chiquihuitlán)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Nanai": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Nandi": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Neo-Aramaic (Persian Azerbaijan)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Nasioi": "No laterals", "Navajo": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Naxi": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Natügu": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Ndut": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Ndyuka": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Nepali": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Newari (Kathmandu)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Nez Perce": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Nganasan": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Ngiyambaa": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Ngizim": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Nahuatl (North Puebla)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "No laterals", "Nimboran": "No laterals", "Nyishi": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Nivkh": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Nkore-Kiga": "No laterals", "Nyah Kur (Tha Pong)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "Laterals, but no /l/, no obstruent lateral", "Nancowry": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Nobiin": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Noni": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Norwegian": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Ngiti": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Nenets": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Nunggubuyu": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Nuuchahnulth": "No /l/, but lateral obstruents", "Nyangi": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Nyimang": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Ocaina": "No laterals", "Ogbia": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Oneida": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "O'odham": "Laterals, but no /l/, no obstruent lateral", "Oromo (Harar)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Ormuri": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Pacoh": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Páez": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Paiwan": "Laterals, but no /l/, no obstruent lateral", "Paumarí": "No laterals", "Pawaian": "Laterals, but no /l/, no obstruent lateral", "Pech": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Phlong": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Pitjantjatjara": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Paamese": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Panare": "No laterals", "Po-Ai": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Pohnpeian": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Polish": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Pirahã": "No laterals", "Persian": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Pashto": "Laterals, but no /l/, no obstruent lateral", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Parauk": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Purépecha": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Qawasqar": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Quechua (Cochabamba)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Quileute": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Rama": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Rapanui": "No laterals", "Resígaro": "No laterals", "Romanian": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Roro": "No laterals", "Romansch (Scharans)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Rotokas": "No laterals", "Rukai (Tanan)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Russian": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Rutul": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Sa'ban": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Sango": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Sáliba (in Colombia)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Saami (Central-South)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Sindhi": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Sandawe": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Sebei": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Sedang": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Selknam": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Shan": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Shiriana": "No laterals", "Shipibo-Konibo": "No laterals", "Shasta": "No laterals", "Shuswap": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Siona": "No laterals", "Selkup": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Slave": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Selepet": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Semelai": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Seneca": "No laterals", "Senadi": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Sinhala": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Sanuma": "No laterals", "Sentani": "No laterals", "Somali": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Soqotri": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Sora": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Spanish": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Squamish": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Sre": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Sirionó": "No laterals", "Suena": "No laterals", "Sui": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Supyire": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Savosavo": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Swahili": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Taba": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Tacana": "No laterals", "Tagalog": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Tamang (Eastern)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Tashlhiyt": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Tehuelche": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Telugu": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Tera": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Tigak": "No /l/, but lateral obstruents", "Tigré": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Thai": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Ticuna": "No laterals", "Tiwi": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Teke (Southern)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Tlingit": "No /l/, but lateral obstruents", "Tlapanec": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Tama": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Temein": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Tampulma": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Temne": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Toaripi": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Tarok": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Tol": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Tonkawa": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Totonac (Papantla)": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Trumai": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Tiruray": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Tausug": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Tsou": "No laterals", "Tetun": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Tsova-Tush": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Tuareg (Ahaggar)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Tukang Besi": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Tulu": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Tunica": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Turkish": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Tuvan": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Tiwa (Northern)": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Tzeltal (Aguacatenango)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "UMbundu": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Una": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Ungarinjin": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Urubú-Kaapor": "No laterals", "Usan": "No laterals", "Uzbek (Northern)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Vietnamese": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Wahgi": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Wambaya": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Waorani": "No laterals", "Wappo": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Wari'": "No laterals", "Wichí": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Western Desert (Ooldea)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Wichita": "No laterals", "Wintu": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Wiyot": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Wolof": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "West Makian": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Wik Munkan": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Wantoat": "No laterals", "Woisika": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Wapishana": "No laterals", "Warao": "Laterals, but no /l/, no obstruent lateral", "Wardaman": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Waris": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Waray (in Australia)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Wu": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "!Xóõ": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Yagua": "No laterals", "Yana": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Yapese": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Yaqui": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Yareba": "No laterals", "Yawa": "No laterals", "Yay": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Yucuna": "Laterals, but no /l/, no obstruent lateral", "Yucatec": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Yelî Dnye": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Yessan-Mayo": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Yeyi": "Laterals, but no /l/, no obstruent lateral", "Yagaria": "Laterals, but no /l/, no obstruent lateral", "Yidiny": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Yimas": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Yakut": "Laterals, but no /l/, no obstruent lateral", "Yanyuwa": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Yoruba": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Yukaghir (Tundra)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Yuchi": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Yulu": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Yurok": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Yupik (Siberian)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Zande": "Laterals, but no /l/, no obstruent lateral", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "/l/, no obstruent laterals", "Zulu": "/l/ and lateral obstruents", "Zuni": "/l/ and lateral obstruents" }
9A
The Velar Nasal
Phonology
Is there a velar nasal in the <LANGUAGE> language, and is it used initially?
Velar nasal, also initially; Velar nasal, but not initially; No velar nasal
{ "Abipón": "No velar nasal", "Abkhaz": "No velar nasal", "Alabama": "No velar nasal", "Abaza": "No velar nasal", "Acoma": "No velar nasal", "Andoke": "No velar nasal", "Adyghe (Abzakh)": "No velar nasal", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "No velar nasal", "Aguaruna": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Aguacatec": "No velar nasal", "Arapaho": "No velar nasal", "Aikaná": "No velar nasal", "Ainu": "No velar nasal", "Aka-Biada": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Aka-Cari": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Aka-Kede": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Alamblak": "No velar nasal", "Albanian": "No velar nasal", "Aleut": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Alune": "No velar nasal", "Alutor": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Amele": "No velar nasal", "Amharic": "No velar nasal", "Amanab": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Arabic (Moroccan)": "No velar nasal", "Amuesha": "No velar nasal", "Amuzgo": "No velar nasal", "Araona": "No velar nasal", "A-Pucikwar": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Apurinã": "No velar nasal", "Lokono": "No velar nasal", "Arabela": "No velar nasal", "Archi": "No velar nasal", "Armenian (Eastern)": "No velar nasal", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "No velar nasal", "Asmat": "No velar nasal", "Altai (Southern)": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Atsugewi": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Awngi": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Awa Pit": "No velar nasal", "Akhvakh": "No velar nasal", "Aymara (Central)": "No velar nasal", "Azerbaijani": "No velar nasal", "Bagirmi": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Bambara": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Bao'an": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Bawm": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Budukh": "No velar nasal", "Beja": "No velar nasal", "Bezhta": "No velar nasal", "Bagvalal": "No velar nasal", "Batak (Karo)": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Blackfoot": "No velar nasal", "Baluchi": "No velar nasal", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "No velar nasal", "Bandjalang": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Bora": "No velar nasal", "Brahui": "No velar nasal", "Bribri": "No velar nasal", "Burmese": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Bororo": "No velar nasal", "Barasano": "No velar nasal", "Bashkir": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Basque": "No velar nasal", "Bathari": "No velar nasal", "Burushaski": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Buriat": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Cahuilla": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Carib": "No velar nasal", "Cashibo": "No velar nasal", "Cavineña": "No velar nasal", "Chinantec (Comaltepec)": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Cocopa": "No velar nasal", "Choctaw": "No velar nasal", "Chamorro": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Chechen": "No velar nasal", "Chaha": "No velar nasal", "Chimariko": "No velar nasal", "Chukchi": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Chehalis (Upper)": "No velar nasal", "Chamalal": "No velar nasal", "Chrau": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Chatino (Nopala)": "No velar nasal", "Chuvash": "No velar nasal", "Cheke Holo": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Clallam": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Chulym": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Chemehuevi": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Chemakum": "No velar nasal", "Comanche": "No velar nasal", "Chontal Maya": "No velar nasal", "Canela": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Cantonese": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Coos (Hanis)": "No velar nasal", "Cora": "No velar nasal", "Cree (Plains)": "No velar nasal", "Crimean Tatar": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Carijona": "No velar nasal", "Chinantec (Sochiapan)": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Cuiba": "No velar nasal", "Cayuvava": "No velar nasal", "Daga": "No velar nasal", "Dagur": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Diola-Fogny": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Dolgan": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Drehu": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Eipo": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Emberá (Northern)": "No velar nasal", "Enga": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Enets": "Velar nasal, also initially", "English": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Epena Pedee": "No velar nasal", "Ese Ejja": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Esselen": "No velar nasal", "Etsako": "No velar nasal", "Evenki": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Even": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Ewe": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Fijian": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Finnish": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Fordata": "Velar nasal, also initially", "French": "No velar nasal", "Fur": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Futuna-Aniwa": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Gagauz": "No velar nasal", "Gapapaiwa": "No velar nasal", "Garo": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Gavião": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Georgian": "No velar nasal", "German": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Bunan": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Galela": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Godoberi": "No velar nasal", "Gooniyandi": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Grebo": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Garífuna": "No velar nasal", "Greek (Modern)": "No velar nasal", "Greenlandic (West)": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Guató": "No velar nasal", "Guaraní": "No velar nasal", "Gujarati": "No velar nasal", "Guaque": "No velar nasal", "Haida": "No velar nasal", "Halia": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Hamtai": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Hausa": "No velar nasal", "Havasupai": "No velar nasal", "Hebrew (Modern)": "No velar nasal", "Hianacoto": "No velar nasal", "Hidatsa": "No velar nasal", "Hindi": "No velar nasal", "Hixkaryana": "No velar nasal", "Hualapai": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Huitoto (Minica)": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Hmong Njua": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Hinuq": "No velar nasal", "Hup": "No velar nasal", "Harsusi": "No velar nasal", "Hungarian": "No velar nasal", "Hunzib": "No velar nasal", "Igbo": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Ika": "No velar nasal", "Imonda": "No velar nasal", "Indonesian": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Ingush": "No velar nasal", "Inuktitut (Quebec-Labrador)": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Irish": "No velar nasal", "Iraqw": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Itelmen": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Itonama": "No velar nasal", "Ixil": "No velar nasal", "Jakaltek": "No velar nasal", "Jabutí": "No velar nasal", "Jebero": "No velar nasal", "Jibbali": "No velar nasal", "Jivaro": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Jur Mödö": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Japanese": "No velar nasal", "Juruna": "No velar nasal", "Ju|'hoan": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Jurchen": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Karajá": "No velar nasal", "Kabardian": "No velar nasal", "Kâte": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Kayardild": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Kazakh": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Ket": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Kewa": "No velar nasal", "Koromfe": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Kirghiz (Fu-Yu)": "No velar nasal", "Kirghiz": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Khalkha": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Khaling": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Khinalug": "No velar nasal", "Khakas": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Khmer": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Nama": "No velar nasal", "Khasi": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Khwarshi": "No velar nasal", "Kiowa": "No velar nasal", "Kalmyk (Issyk-Kul)": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Kitsai": "No velar nasal", "Karakalpak": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Kilivila": "No velar nasal", "Kalmyk": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Kunimaipa": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Khmu'": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Kannada": "No velar nasal", "Kunama": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Kanuri": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Koasati": "No velar nasal", "Kobon": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Kola": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Korean": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Kiribati": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Karachay-Balkar": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Kurdish (Central)": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Krahô": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Karok": "No velar nasal", "Karaim": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Krongo": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Kerek": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Karata": "No velar nasal", "Koryak": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Kryz": "No velar nasal", "Koyraboro Senni": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Kashaya": "No velar nasal", "Ksingmul": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Kisar": "No velar nasal", "Khanty": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Kuot": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Kumyk": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Kutenai": "No velar nasal", "Kwoma": "No velar nasal", "Kawaiisu": "No velar nasal", "Kwaza": "No velar nasal", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Krymchak": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Ladakhi": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Lahu": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Lak": "No velar nasal", "Lango": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Latvian": "No velar nasal", "Lavukaleve": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Lepcha": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Lezgian": "No velar nasal", "Laha": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Lillooet": "No velar nasal", "Limbu": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Lakhota": "No velar nasal", "Loniu": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Larike": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Luiseño": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Lummi": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Luvale": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Makah": "No velar nasal", "Malagasy": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Mam": "No velar nasal", "Maori": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Mapudungun": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Maricopa": "No velar nasal", "Maung": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Maxakalí": "No velar nasal", "Maybrat": "No velar nasal", "Miwok (Central Sierra)": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Madurese": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Mehri": "No velar nasal", "Meithei": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Mangghuer": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Midob": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Máku": "No velar nasal", "Maltese": "No velar nasal", "Mandaic (Modern)": "No velar nasal", "Mandarin": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Mansi": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Moghol": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Mosetén": "No velar nasal", "Movima": "No velar nasal", "Martuthunira": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Muinane": "No velar nasal", "Mundari": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Muong": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Miwok (Northern Sierra)": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "No velar nasal", "Mixtec (Ayutla)": "No velar nasal", "Mangarrayi": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Neo-Aramaic (Amadiya)": "No velar nasal", "Nabak": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Nanai": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Namia": "No velar nasal", "Navajo": "No velar nasal", "Ndyuka": "No velar nasal", "Negidal": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Nevome": "No velar nasal", "Nez Perce": "No velar nasal", "Nganasan": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Ngiyambaa": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Ngizim": "No velar nasal", "Nahuatl (North Puebla)": "No velar nasal", "Nivkh": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Nkore-Kiga": "No velar nasal", "Nankina": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Noghay": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Noghay (Karagash)": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Ngiti": "No velar nasal", "Nenets": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Nunggubuyu": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Nyamkad": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Ocaina": "No velar nasal", "Oksapmin": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Olo": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Oneida": "No velar nasal", "Onge": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Oroch": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Oromo (Harar)": "No velar nasal", "Orok": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Orokolo": "No velar nasal", "Orokaiva": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Osage": "No velar nasal", "Ossetic": "No velar nasal", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "No velar nasal", "Paiwan": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Patep": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Paumarí": "No velar nasal", "Pipil": "No velar nasal", "Pitjantjatjara": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Paamese": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Paiute (Northern)": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Pirahã": "No velar nasal", "Persian": "No velar nasal", "Pashto": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "No velar nasal", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "No velar nasal", "Pattani": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Paiute (Southern)": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Quechua (Ecuadorean)": "No velar nasal", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "No velar nasal", "Quileute": "No velar nasal", "Rama": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Rapanui": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Russian": "No velar nasal", "Rutul": "No velar nasal", "Rawa": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Saek": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Sango": "No velar nasal", "Sáliba (in Colombia)": "No velar nasal", "Saanich": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Sedang": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Selknam": "No velar nasal", "Songish": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Shipibo-Konibo": "No velar nasal", "Shor": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Shawnee": "No velar nasal", "Selkup": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Slave": "No velar nasal", "Salar": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Semelai": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Sanuma": "No velar nasal", "Sentani": "No velar nasal", "Soddo": "No velar nasal", "Solon": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Somali": "No velar nasal", "Sooke": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Soqotri": "No velar nasal", "Spanish": "No velar nasal", "Spitian": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Squamish": "No velar nasal", "Sre": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Salish (Samish Straits)": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Santa": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Stieng": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Suena": "No velar nasal", "Sulka": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Supyire": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Swahili": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Shoshone (Wind River)": "No velar nasal", "Saryg Yughur": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Taba": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Tacana": "No velar nasal", "Tagalog": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Tashlhiyt": "No velar nasal", "Tübatulabal": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Tabaru": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Tarahumara (Central)": "No velar nasal", "Tectiteco": "No velar nasal", "Tehuelche": "No velar nasal", "Tewa (Arizona)": "No velar nasal", "Turkic (East-Central Xorasan)": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Thai": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Thadou": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Tidore": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Tillamook": "No velar nasal", "Tinrin": "No velar nasal", "Tiwi": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Turkmen": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Tatar-Noghay (Alabugat)": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Tlingit": "No velar nasal", "Tlapanec": "No velar nasal", "Temiar": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Tindi": "No velar nasal", "Tinani": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Tod": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Tofa": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Tepehuan (Southeastern)": "No velar nasal", "Trumai": "No velar nasal", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "No velar nasal", "Tsez": "No velar nasal", "Tatar (Baraba)": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Tsova-Tush": "No velar nasal", "Tukang Besi": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Tunica": "No velar nasal", "Turkish": "No velar nasal", "Tuvan": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Tatar": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Tiwa (Northern)": "No velar nasal", "Turkic (West Xorasan)": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Ubykh": "No velar nasal", "Udihe": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Udi": "No velar nasal", "Ulcha": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Umaua": "No velar nasal", "Una": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Ungarinjin": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Urum": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Usan": "No velar nasal", "Ute": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Uyghur": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Uzbek": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Vai": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Vietnamese": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Wambaya": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Wappo": "No velar nasal", "Wari'": "No velar nasal", "Washo": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Wichí": "No velar nasal", "Wichita": "No velar nasal", "Wikchamni": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Wintu": "No velar nasal", "Winnebago": "No velar nasal", "Warao": "No velar nasal", "Wardaman": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Warembori": "No velar nasal", "Xavánte": "No velar nasal", "Yagua": "No velar nasal", "Yaqui": "No velar nasal", "Yidiny": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Yimas": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Yuki": "No velar nasal", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Yukpa": "No velar nasal", "Yakut": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Yamdena": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Yanomámi": "No velar nasal", "Yoruba": "No velar nasal", "Yup'ik (Central)": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Yuracare": "No velar nasal", "Yupik (Sirenik)": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Yurt Tatar": "No velar nasal", "Yuchi": "No velar nasal", "Yugh": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Yurok": "No velar nasal", "Zulu (Northern)": "Velar nasal, also initially", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Velar nasal, but not initially", "Zulu (Southern)": "No velar nasal", "Zuni": "No velar nasal" }
10A
Vowel Nasalization
Phonology
Are contrastive nasal vowels present in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Contrastive nasal vowels present; Contrastive nasal vowels absent
{ "Abipón": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Abkhaz": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Acoma": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Ainu": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Aka": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Alamblak": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Amahuaca": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Amele": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Araona": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Ao": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Apurinã": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Asmat": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Avatime": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Awa Pit": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Bagirmi": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Bana": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Biafada": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Bafia": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Batak (Karo)": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Baoulé": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Balanta": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Brahui": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Burmese": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Barasano": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Basque": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Basari": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Burushaski": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Buli (in Ghana)": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Cahuilla": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Carib": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Cocopa": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Chamorro": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Chukchi": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Chinantec (Quiotepec)": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Comanche": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Coos (Hanis)": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Cree (Plains)": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Chitimacha": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Cayuvava": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Daga": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Day": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Dagaare": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Dagbani": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Doyayo": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Drehu": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Toro So": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Ebira": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Ega": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Eipo": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Ekari": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "English": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Epena Pedee": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Evenki": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Fijian": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Finnish": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "French": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Fur": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Fula (Senegal)": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Gade": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Garo": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Gbaya (Northwest)": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Georgian": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "German": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Gula Iro": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Gooniyandi": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Grebo": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Greek (Modern)": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Gurma": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Greenlandic (West)": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Guaraní": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Haida": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Hausa": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Hayu": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Hindi": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Hixkaryana": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Harsusi": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Hungarian": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Hunzib": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Igbo": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Ila": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Imonda": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Indonesian": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Ingush": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Irish": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Iraqw": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Jakaltek": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Jaqaru": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Japanese": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Kana": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Kayardild": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Koyra Chiini": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Kemant": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Ket": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Koromfe": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Umbu Ungu": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Khalkha": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Khmer": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Nama": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Khasi": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Kisi": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Kilivila": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Khmu'": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Kannada": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Kaingang": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Kunama": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Kanuri": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Koasati": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Kobon": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Kongo": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Korean": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Kiribati": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Karok": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Krongo": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Korowai": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Kosop": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Kotoko": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Kutenai": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Kwerba": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Kwakw'ala": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Laal": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Ladakhi": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Lak": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Lamé": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Lango": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Latvian": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Lavukaleve": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Lezgian": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Lakhota": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Loko": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Maba": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Malagasy": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Maori": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Mapudungun": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Maricopa": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Maung": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Maybrat": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Mbay": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Mandinka": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Mbodomo": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Mada (in Nigeria)": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Meithei": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Midob": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Maranungku": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Mandarin": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Mun": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Mooré": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Murle": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Martuthunira": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Mulao": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Mundari": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Mangarrayi": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Navajo": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Ndyuka": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Nez Perce": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Ngiyambaa": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Nahuatl (North Puebla)": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Nivkh": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Nkore-Kiga": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Ngiti": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Ngaanyatjarra": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Nenets": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Nunggubuyu": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Ocaina": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Oku": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Onge": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Emai": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Oromo (Harar)": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Paiwan": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Paumarí": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Pawaian": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Pomo (Eastern)": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Paamese": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Podoko": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Pirahã": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Persian": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Qawasqar": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Rama": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Rapanui": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Russian": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Sango": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Selknam": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Slave": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Semelai": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Seneca": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Senadi": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Sanuma": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Spanish": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Squamish": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Suena": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Supyire": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Swahili": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Taba": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Tagalog": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Tabla": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Thai": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Tikar": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Tiwi": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Tlingit": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Tumak": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Temne": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Teribe": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Trumai": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Tukang Besi": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Tunica": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Turkish": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Ungarinjin": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Usan": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Vietnamese": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Wambaya": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Wari'": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Wichí": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Wichita": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Wolof": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Wéménugbé": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Warao": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Wardaman": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Xasonga": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "!Xóõ": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Yagua": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Yaqui": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Yemba": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Yidiny": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Yimas": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Yukpa": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Yoruba": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Yup'ik (Central)": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Yuchi": "Contrastive nasal vowels present", "Yurok": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Popoluca (Sierra)": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent", "Zulu": "Contrastive nasal vowels absent" }
10B
Nasal Vowels in West Africa
Phonology
How is the nasal–oral vowel contrast expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language?
No nasal vs. oral vowel contrast; Two-way nasal vs. oral vowel contrast (/ṽ/ vs. /V/) without nasal spreading; Two-way nasal vs. oral vowel contrast (/ṽ/ vs. /V/) with nasal spreading; Four-way nasal vs. oral vowel contrast (/ṽ/ vs. /ṽː/ vs. /V/ vs. /Vː/) without nasal spreading; Four-way nasal vs. oral vowel contrast (/ṽ/ vs. /ṽː/ vs. /V/ v /Vː/) with nasal spreading
{ "Aka": "No nasal vs. oral vowel contrast", "Avatime": "Two-way nasal vs. oral vowel contrast (/ṽ/ vs. /V/) without nasal spreading", "Bana": "No nasal vs. oral vowel contrast", "Biafada": "No nasal vs. oral vowel contrast", "Bafia": "No nasal vs. oral vowel contrast", "Baoulé": "Two-way nasal vs. oral vowel contrast (/ṽ/ vs. /V/) without nasal spreading", "Balanta": "No nasal vs. oral vowel contrast", "Basari": "No nasal vs. oral vowel contrast", "Buli (in Ghana)": "Four-way nasal vs. oral vowel contrast (/ṽ/ vs. /ṽː/ vs. /V/ vs. /Vː/) without nasal spreading", "Day": "Two-way nasal vs. oral vowel contrast (/ṽ/ vs. /V/) without nasal spreading", "Dagaare": "Two-way nasal vs. oral vowel contrast (/ṽ/ vs. /V/) with nasal spreading", "Dagbani": "No nasal vs. oral vowel contrast", "Doyayo": "Four-way nasal vs. oral vowel contrast (/ṽ/ vs. /ṽː/ vs. /V/ v /Vː/) with nasal spreading", "Toro So": "Four-way nasal vs. oral vowel contrast (/ṽ/ vs. /ṽː/ vs. /V/ vs. /Vː/) without nasal spreading", "Ebira": "No nasal vs. oral vowel contrast", "Ega": "No nasal vs. oral vowel contrast", "Pulaar": "No nasal vs. oral vowel contrast", "Gade": "No nasal vs. oral vowel contrast", "Gbaya (Northwest)": "Four-way nasal vs. oral vowel contrast (/ṽ/ vs. /ṽː/ vs. /V/ v /Vː/) with nasal spreading", "Gula Iro": "Four-way nasal vs. oral vowel contrast (/ṽ/ vs. /ṽː/ vs. /V/ v /Vː/) with nasal spreading", "Gurma": "Four-way nasal vs. oral vowel contrast (/ṽ/ vs. /ṽː/ vs. /V/ vs. /Vː/) without nasal spreading", "Kisi": "No nasal vs. oral vowel contrast", "Korana": "Two-way nasal vs. oral vowel contrast (/ṽ/ vs. /V/) with nasal spreading", "Kosop": "Two-way nasal vs. oral vowel contrast (/ṽ/ vs. /V/) without nasal spreading", "Kotoko": "No nasal vs. oral vowel contrast", "Laal": "No nasal vs. oral vowel contrast", "Lamé": "No nasal vs. oral vowel contrast", "Loko": "Two-way nasal vs. oral vowel contrast (/ṽ/ vs. /V/) with nasal spreading", "Mbay": "Four-way nasal vs. oral vowel contrast (/ṽ/ vs. /ṽː/ vs. /V/ vs. /Vː/) without nasal spreading", "Mandinka": "No nasal vs. oral vowel contrast", "Mbodomo": "Two-way nasal vs. oral vowel contrast (/ṽ/ vs. /V/) with nasal spreading", "Mada (in Nigeria)": "Two-way nasal vs. oral vowel contrast (/ṽ/ vs. /V/) without nasal spreading", "Mooré": "Four-way nasal vs. oral vowel contrast (/ṽ/ vs. /ṽː/ vs. /V/ vs. /Vː/) without nasal spreading", "Oku": "No nasal vs. oral vowel contrast", "Podoko": "No nasal vs. oral vowel contrast", "Senadi": "Four-way nasal vs. oral vowel contrast (/ṽ/ vs. /ṽː/ vs. /V/ v /Vː/) with nasal spreading", "Tikar": "No nasal vs. oral vowel contrast", "Temne": "Two-way nasal vs. oral vowel contrast (/ṽ/ vs. /V/) without nasal spreading", "Wéménugbé": "Two-way nasal vs. oral vowel contrast (/ṽ/ vs. /V/) without nasal spreading", "Yemba": "No nasal vs. oral vowel contrast" }
11A
Front Rounded Vowels
Phonology
How are front rounded vowels distributed in the <LANGUAGE> language?
None; High and mid; High only; Mid only
{ "Abipón": "None", "Abkhaz": "None", "Alabama": "None", "Aché": "None", "Achumawi": "None", "Acoma": "None", "Andoke": "None", "Adzera": "None", "Aleut (Eastern)": "None", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "None", "Aghem": "None", "Ahtna": "None", "Aikaná": "High and mid", "Ainu": "None", "Aizi": "None", "Akan": "None", "Akawaio": "None", "Alamblak": "None", "Albanian": "High only", "Alladian": "None", "Alawa": "None", "Amahuaca": "None", "Amele": "None", "Amharic": "None", "Amo": "None", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "None", "Amuesha": "None", "Amuzgo": "None", "Araona": "None", "Angas": "None", "//Ani": "None", "Angaataha": "None", "Ao": "None", "Apinayé": "None", "Apurinã": "None", "Arabela": "None", "Archi": "None", "Armenian (Eastern)": "None", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "None", "Asmat": "None", "Atayal": "None", "Avar": "None", "Awngi": "None", "Awa Pit": "None", "Aymara (Central)": "None", "Azerbaijani": "High and mid", "Bagirmi": "None", "Bai": "None", "Bajau (Sama)": "None", "Bambara": "None", "Bawm": "None", "Bobo Madaré (Northern)": "None", "Bella Coola": "None", "Beembe": "None", "Beja": "None", "Bengali": "None", "Berta": "None", "Bété": "None", "Birom": "None", "Bisa": "None", "Bakairí": "None", "Batak (Karo)": "None", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "None", "Qaqet": "None", "Waimaha": "None", "Bodo": "None", "Brao": "None", "Bariba": "None", "Bardi": "None", "Breton": "High and mid", "Brahui": "None", "Bribri": "None", "Burmese": "None", "Bororo": "None", "Bru (Western)": "None", "Bashkir": "High and mid", "Basque": "None", "Batak (Toba)": "None", "Burarra": "None", "Bulgarian": "None", "Burushaski": "None", "Bandjalang (Yugumbir)": "None", "Cacua": "None", "Caddo": "None", "Cahuilla": "None", "Camsá": "None", "Carib": "None", "Campa (Axininca)": "None", "Cayapa": "None", "Chickasaw": "None", "Cocopa": "None", "Chamorro": "None", "Cherokee": "None", "Chukchi": "None", "Chehalis (Upper)": "None", "Chipewyan": "None", "Chinantec (Quiotepec)": "High and mid", "Nivacle": "None", "Chuvash": "High and mid", "Cham (Western)": "None", "CiLuba": "None", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "None", "Comanche": "None", "Canela": "None", "Cantonese": "High and mid", "Cofán": "None", "Coos (Hanis)": "None", "Cree (Plains)": "None", "Chatino (Sierra Occidental)": "None", "Chin (Tiddim)": "None", "Catalan": "None", "Cubeo": "None", "Chuave": "None", "Cayuvava": "None", "Dadibi": "None", "Daga": "None", "Dahalo": "None", "Dan": "None", "Darai": "None", "Daju (Dar Fur)": "None", "Dla (Proper)": "None", "Deti": "None", "Dagbani": "None", "Dagur": "High only", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "None", "Dinka": "None", "Diola-Fogny": "None", "Diyari": "None", "Dizi": "None", "Djapu": "None", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "None", "Dangaléat (Western)": "None", "Dong (Southern)": "None", "Doyayo": "None", "Drehu": "None", "Toro So": "None", "Dumo": "None", "Dyirbal": "None", "Efik": "None", "Ejagham": "High only", "Ekari": "None", "English": "None", "Epena Pedee": "None", "Evenki": "None", "Even": "None", "Ewe": "None", "Ewondo": "None", "Eyak": "None", "Fasu": "None", "Fe'fe'": "None", "Fijian": "None", "Finnish": "High and mid", "French": "High and mid", "Fulniô": "None", "Fur": "None", "Fuzhou": "High and mid", "Fyem": "None", "Gã": "None", "Great Andamanese": "None", "Garo": "None", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "None", "Gadsup": "None", "Georgian": "None", "German": "High and mid", "Guahibo": "None", "Gelao": "None", "Guambiano": "None", "Goajiro": "None", "Gooniyandi": "None", "Grebo": "None", "Greek (Modern)": "None", "Garrwa": "None", "Greenlandic (West)": "None", "Guaraní": "None", "Gwari": "None", "Hadza": "None", "Haida": "None", "Hakka": "None", "Hamtai": "None", "Hausa": "None", "Hawaiian": "None", "Hebrew (Modern Ashkenazic)": "None", "Hindi": "None", "Hixkaryana": "None", "Hmong Njua": "None", "Hamer": "None", "Min (Southern)": "None", "Hopi": "Mid only", "Huastec": "None", "Huitoto (Murui)": "None", "Hungarian": "High and mid", "Hupa": "None", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "None", "Hunzib": "None", "Iaai": "High and mid", "Iban": "None", "Igbo": "None", "Ignaciano": "None", "Ingessana": "None", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "None", "Ik": "None", "Ika": "None", "Imonda": "None", "Indonesian": "None", "Ingush": "None", "Irish (Donegal)": "None", "Iraqw": "None", "Irarutu": "None", "Iranxe": "None", "Isoko": "None", "Itelmen": "None", "Itonama": "None", "Ivatan": "None", "Iwam": "None", "Jakaltek": "None", "Jaqaru": "None", "Javanese": "None", "Jebero": "None", "Jeh": "None", "Jivaro": "None", "Jingpho": "None", "Jomang": "None", "Japanese": "None", "Japreria": "None", "Ju|'hoan": "None", "Kabardian": "None", "Kadugli": "None", "Kalami": "None", "Kashmiri": "None", "Kayardild": "None", "Koyra Chiini": "None", "Kedang": "None", "Kefa": "None", "K'ekchí": "None", "Kera": "None", "Ket": "None", "Kewa": "None", "Koromfe": "None", "Kalkatungu": "None", "Kirghiz": "High and mid", "Khalkha": "None", "Khmer": "None", "Nama": "None", "Kharia": "None", "Khasi": "None", "Kiowa": "None", "Kiwai (Southern)": "None", "Konkani": "None", "Lusi": "None", "Klao": "None", "Klamath": "None", "Kilivila": "None", "Kala Lagaw Ya": "None", "Kunimaipa": "None", "Khmu'": "None", "Kannada": "None", "Kaingang": "None", "Kanakuru": "None", "Kunama": "None", "Kanuri": "None", "Koasati": "None", "Kobon": "None", "Kohumono": "None", "Koiari": "None", "Komo": "None", "Korean": "None", "Kota": "None", "Koya": "None", "Kpan": "None", "Kpelle": "None", "Kiribati": "None", "Kurdish (Central)": "None", "Karok": "None", "Krongo": "None", "Koryak": "None", "Koyraboro Senni": "None", "Karen (Sgaw)": "None", "Kisi (Southern)": "None", "Kotoko": "None", "Khanty": "None", "Kullo": "None", "Kuna": "None", "Kurukh": "None", "Kutenai": "None", "Kwaio": "None", "Kwakw'ala": "None", "Kwoma": "None", "Kawaiisu": "None", "Kuku-Yalanji": "None", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "None", "Komi-Zyrian": "None", "Ladakhi": "None", "Lahu": "None", "Lak": "None", "Lamé": "None", "Lango": "None", "Latvian": "None", "Lavukaleve": "None", "Lenakel": "None", "Lepcha": "Mid only", "Lezgian": "High only", "Lithuanian": "None", "Lakkia": "None", "Lakhota": "None", "Lelemi": "None", "Lü": "None", "Lua": "None", "Lugbara": "None", "Luiseño": "None", "Luo": "None", "Lushootseed": "None", "Luvale": "None", "Maasai": "None", "Maba": "None", "Makah": "None", "Malagasy": "None", "Maori": "None", "Mapudungun": "None", "Maricopa": "None", "Maung": "None", "Maxakalí": "None", "Maybrat": "None", "Mazahua": "None", "Mba": "None", "Mbabaram": "None", "Meithei": "None", "Mangghuer": "None", "Mien": "None", "Maranungku": "None", "Mambila": "None", "Malakmalak": "Mid only", "Mari (Meadow)": "High and mid", "Manchu": "Mid only", "Mandarin": "High only", "Maidu (Northeast)": "None", "Moghol": "None", "Mor": "None", "Movima": "None", "Murrinh-Patha": "None", "Marind": "None", "Margi": "None", "Murle": "None", "Maranao": "None", "Moro": "None", "Martuthunira": "None", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "None", "Mixe (Totontepec)": "None", "Muinane": "None", "Mumuye": "None", "Mundari": "None", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "None", "Mixtec (Molinos)": "None", "Ma'ya": "None", "Mangarrayi": "None", "Mazatec (Chiquihuitlán)": "None", "Nanai": "None", "Nandi": "None", "Neo-Aramaic (Persian Azerbaijan)": "None", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "None", "Nasioi": "None", "Navajo": "None", "Naxi": "High only", "Natügu": "High and mid", "Ndut": "None", "Ndyuka": "None", "Nepali": "None", "Newari (Kathmandu)": "None", "Nez Perce": "None", "Nganasan": "High only", "Ngiyambaa": "None", "Ngizim": "None", "Nahuatl (North Puebla)": "None", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "None", "Nimboran": "None", "Nyishi": "None", "Nivkh": "None", "Nkore-Kiga": "None", "Nyah Kur (Tha Pong)": "None", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "None", "Nancowry": "None", "Nobiin": "None", "Noni": "None", "Norwegian": "High and mid", "Ngiti": "None", "Nenets": "None", "Nunggubuyu": "None", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "None", "Nuuchahnulth": "None", "Nyangi": "None", "Nyimang": "None", "Ocaina": "None", "Ogbia": "None", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "None", "Oneida": "None", "O'odham": "None", "Oromo (Harar)": "None", "Ormuri": "None", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "None", "Pacoh": "None", "Páez": "None", "Paiwan": "None", "Paumarí": "None", "Pawaian": "None", "Pech": "None", "Phlong": "None", "Pitjantjatjara": "None", "Paamese": "None", "Panare": "None", "Po-Ai": "None", "Pohnpeian": "None", "Polish": "None", "Pirahã": "None", "Persian": "None", "Pashto": "None", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "None", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "None", "Parauk": "None", "Purépecha": "None", "Qawasqar": "None", "Quechua (Cochabamba)": "None", "Quileute": "None", "Rama": "None", "Rapanui": "None", "Resígaro": "None", "Romanian": "None", "Roro": "None", "Romansch (Scharans)": "None", "Rotokas": "None", "Rukai (Tanan)": "None", "Russian": "None", "Rutul": "None", "Sa'ban": "None", "Sango": "None", "Sáliba (in Colombia)": "None", "Saami (Central-South)": "None", "Sindhi": "None", "Sandawe": "None", "Sebei": "None", "Sedang": "None", "Shan": "None", "Shiriana": "None", "Shipibo-Konibo": "None", "Shasta": "None", "Shuswap": "None", "Siona": "None", "Selkup": "High and mid", "Slave": "None", "Selepet": "None", "Semelai": "None", "Seneca": "None", "Senadi": "None", "Sinhala": "None", "Sanuma": "None", "Sentani": "None", "Somali": "None", "Soqotri": "None", "Sora": "None", "Spanish": "None", "Squamish": "None", "Sre": "None", "Sirionó": "None", "Suena": "None", "Sui": "None", "Supyire": "None", "Savosavo": "None", "Swahili": "None", "Taba": "None", "Tacana": "None", "Tagalog": "None", "Tamang (Eastern)": "None", "Tashlhiyt": "None", "Tehuelche": "None", "Telugu": "None", "Tera": "None", "Tigak": "None", "Tigré": "None", "Thai": "None", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "High and mid", "Ticuna": "None", "Tiwi": "None", "Teke (Southern)": "None", "Tlingit": "None", "Tama": "None", "Temein": "None", "Tampulma": "None", "Temne": "None", "Toaripi": "None", "Tarok": "None", "Tol": "None", "Tonkawa": "None", "Trumai": "None", "Tiruray": "None", "Tausug": "None", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "None", "Tsou": "None", "Tetun": "None", "Tsova-Tush": "None", "Tuareg (Ahaggar)": "None", "Tukang Besi": "None", "Tulu": "None", "Tunica": "None", "Turkish": "High and mid", "Tuvan": "High and mid", "Tiwa (Northern)": "None", "Tzeltal (Aguacatenango)": "None", "UMbundu": "None", "Una": "None", "Ungarinjin": "None", "Urubú-Kaapor": "None", "Usan": "None", "Uzbek (Northern)": "None", "Vietnamese": "None", "Wahgi": "None", "Wambaya": "None", "Waorani": "None", "Wappo": "None", "Wari'": "High and mid", "Wichí": "None", "Western Desert (Ooldea)": "None", "Wichita": "None", "Wintu": "None", "Wiyot": "None", "Wolof": "None", "West Makian": "None", "Wik Munkan": "None", "Wantoat": "None", "Woisika": "None", "Wapishana": "None", "Warao": "None", "Wardaman": "None", "Waris": "None", "Waray (in Australia)": "None", "Wu": "High only", "!Xóõ": "None", "Yagua": "None", "Yana": "None", "Yapese": "None", "Yaqui": "None", "Yareba": "None", "Yawa": "None", "Yay": "None", "Yucuna": "None", "Yucatec": "None", "Yelî Dnye": "None", "Yessan-Mayo": "None", "Yeyi": "None", "Yagaria": "None", "Yidiny": "None", "Yimas": "None", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Mid only", "Yakut": "High and mid", "Yanyuwa": "None", "Yoruba": "None", "Yukaghir (Tundra)": "Mid only", "Yuchi": "None", "Yulu": "None", "Yurok": "None", "Yupik (Siberian)": "None", "Zande": "None", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "None", "Zulu": "None", "Zuni": "None" }
12A
Syllable Structure
Phonology
How complex is the syllable structure of the <LANGUAGE> language?
Simple syllable structure; Moderately complex syllable structure; Complex syllable structure
{ "Abipón": "Complex syllable structure", "Abkhaz": "Complex syllable structure", "Aché": "Simple syllable structure", "Acoma": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Andoke": "Simple syllable structure", "Aleut (Eastern)": "Complex syllable structure", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Complex syllable structure", "Aghem": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Ahtna": "Complex syllable structure", "Aikaná": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Ainu": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Aizi": "Complex syllable structure", "Akan": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Akawaio": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Alamblak": "Complex syllable structure", "Albanian": "Complex syllable structure", "Alladian": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Alawa": "Complex syllable structure", "Amele": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Amharic": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Amo": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Amuesha": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Amuzgo": "Complex syllable structure", "Araona": "Simple syllable structure", "Angas": "Complex syllable structure", "//Ani": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Angaataha": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Ao": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Apurinã": "Simple syllable structure", "Arabela": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Archi": "Complex syllable structure", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Asmat": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Avar": "Complex syllable structure", "Awngi": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Awa Pit": "Complex syllable structure", "Aymara (Central)": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Azerbaijani": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Bagirmi": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Bai": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Bajau (Sama)": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Bambara": "Simple syllable structure", "Bawm": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Bobo Madaré (Northern)": "Simple syllable structure", "Bella Coola": "Complex syllable structure", "Beembe": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Beja": "Complex syllable structure", "Bengali": "Complex syllable structure", "Berta": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Bété": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Birom": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Bisa": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Bakairí": "Simple syllable structure", "Batak (Karo)": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Complex syllable structure", "Qaqet": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Waimaha": "Simple syllable structure", "Bodo": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Brao": "Complex syllable structure", "Bardi": "Complex syllable structure", "Breton": "Complex syllable structure", "Brahui": "Complex syllable structure", "Burmese": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Bororo": "Simple syllable structure", "Bru (Western)": "Complex syllable structure", "Bashkir": "Complex syllable structure", "Basque": "Complex syllable structure", "Burarra": "Complex syllable structure", "Bulgarian": "Complex syllable structure", "Burushaski": "Complex syllable structure", "Bandjalang (Yugumbir)": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Cacua": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Caddo": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Cahuilla": "Complex syllable structure", "Camsá": "Complex syllable structure", "Carib": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Campa (Axininca)": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Chickasaw": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Cocopa": "Complex syllable structure", "Chamorro": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Cherokee": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Chukchi": "Complex syllable structure", "Chehalis (Upper)": "Complex syllable structure", "Chipewyan": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Chinantec (Quiotepec)": "Simple syllable structure", "Chuvash": "Complex syllable structure", "Cham (Western)": "Complex syllable structure", "CiLuba": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Comanche": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Canela": "Complex syllable structure", "Cantonese": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Coos (Hanis)": "Complex syllable structure", "Cree (Plains)": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Chin (Tiddim)": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Catalan": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Cubeo": "Simple syllable structure", "Cayuvava": "Simple syllable structure", "Dadibi": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Daga": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Dan": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Darai": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Daju (Dar Fur)": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Dla (Proper)": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Deti": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Dagbani": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Dagur": "Complex syllable structure", "Dinka": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Diola-Fogny": "Complex syllable structure", "Diyari": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Dizi": "Complex syllable structure", "Djapu": "Complex syllable structure", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Dangaléat (Western)": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Dong (Southern)": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Doyayo": "Complex syllable structure", "Drehu": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Toro So": "Simple syllable structure", "Dyirbal": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Efik": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Ejagham": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Ekari": "Simple syllable structure", "English": "Complex syllable structure", "Epena Pedee": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Evenki": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Ewe": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Ewondo": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Eyak": "Complex syllable structure", "Fasu": "Simple syllable structure", "Fe'fe'": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Fijian": "Simple syllable structure", "Finnish": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "French": "Complex syllable structure", "Fulniô": "Complex syllable structure", "Fur": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Fuzhou": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Fyem": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Gã": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Great Andamanese": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Garo": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Gadsup": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Georgian": "Complex syllable structure", "German": "Complex syllable structure", "Gelao": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Guambiano": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Gooniyandi": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Grebo": "Simple syllable structure", "Greek (Modern)": "Complex syllable structure", "Garrwa": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Greenlandic (West)": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Guaraní": "Simple syllable structure", "Gwari": "Complex syllable structure", "Hadza": "Simple syllable structure", "Haida": "Complex syllable structure", "Hakka": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Hamtai": "Complex syllable structure", "Hausa": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Hawaiian": "Simple syllable structure", "Hebrew (Modern Ashkenazic)": "Complex syllable structure", "Hindi": "Complex syllable structure", "Hixkaryana": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Hmong Njua": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Hamer": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Min (Southern)": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Hopi": "Complex syllable structure", "Huastec": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Huitoto (Murui)": "Simple syllable structure", "Hungarian": "Complex syllable structure", "Hupa": "Complex syllable structure", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Hunzib": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Iaai": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Iban": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Igbo": "Simple syllable structure", "Ingessana": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "Simple syllable structure", "Ik": "Complex syllable structure", "Ika": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Imonda": "Complex syllable structure", "Indonesian": "Complex syllable structure", "Ingush": "Complex syllable structure", "Irish (Donegal)": "Complex syllable structure", "Iraqw": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Irarutu": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Iranxe": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Isoko": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Itelmen": "Complex syllable structure", "Itonama": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Ivatan": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Jakaltek": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Jaqaru": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Jebero": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Jeh": "Complex syllable structure", "Jingpho": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Jomang": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Japanese": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Japreria": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Ju|'hoan": "Simple syllable structure", "Kadugli": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Kalami": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Kayardild": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Koyra Chiini": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Kedang": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Kefa": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Kera": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Ket": "Complex syllable structure", "Kewa": "Simple syllable structure", "Koromfe": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Kalkatungu": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Kirghiz": "Complex syllable structure", "Khmer": "Complex syllable structure", "Nama": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Kharia": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Khasi": "Complex syllable structure", "Kiowa": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Kiwai (Southern)": "Simple syllable structure", "Lusi": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Klao": "Simple syllable structure", "Klamath": "Complex syllable structure", "Kilivila": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Kala Lagaw Ya": "Complex syllable structure", "Kunimaipa": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Khmu'": "Complex syllable structure", "Kannada": "Complex syllable structure", "Kaingang": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Kanakuru": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Kunama": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Kanuri": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Koasati": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Kobon": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Koiari": "Simple syllable structure", "Komo": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Korean": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Kota": "Complex syllable structure", "Koya": "Complex syllable structure", "Kpan": "Complex syllable structure", "Kpelle": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Kiribati": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Kurdish (Central)": "Complex syllable structure", "Krongo": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Koryak": "Complex syllable structure", "Karen (Sgaw)": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Kisi (Southern)": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Kotoko": "Complex syllable structure", "Khanty": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Kullo": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Kuna": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Kutenai": "Complex syllable structure", "Kwaio": "Simple syllable structure", "Kwakw'ala": "Complex syllable structure", "Kwoma": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Kuku-Yalanji": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Komi-Zyrian": "Complex syllable structure", "Ladakhi": "Complex syllable structure", "Lahu": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Lak": "Complex syllable structure", "Lango": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Latvian": "Complex syllable structure", "Lavukaleve": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Lenakel": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Lepcha": "Complex syllable structure", "Lezgian": "Complex syllable structure", "Lithuanian": "Complex syllable structure", "Lakkia": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Lakhota": "Complex syllable structure", "Lelemi": "Simple syllable structure", "Lü": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Lua": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Lugbara": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Luo": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Lushootseed": "Complex syllable structure", "Luvale": "Simple syllable structure", "Maasai": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Maba": "Complex syllable structure", "Makah": "Complex syllable structure", "Malagasy": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Maori": "Simple syllable structure", "Mapudungun": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Maricopa": "Complex syllable structure", "Maung": "Complex syllable structure", "Maxakalí": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Maybrat": "Simple syllable structure", "Mba": "Simple syllable structure", "Mbabaram": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Meithei": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Mangghuer": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Maranungku": "Complex syllable structure", "Mambila": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Malakmalak": "Complex syllable structure", "Mandarin": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Maidu (Northeast)": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Moghol": "Complex syllable structure", "Mor": "Simple syllable structure", "Movima": "Simple syllable structure", "Murrinh-Patha": "Complex syllable structure", "Marind": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Murle": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Moro": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Martuthunira": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Mixe (Totontepec)": "Complex syllable structure", "Muinane": "Simple syllable structure", "Mumuye": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Mundari": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Simple syllable structure", "Ma'ya": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Mangarrayi": "Complex syllable structure", "Mazatec (Chiquihuitlán)": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Nanai": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Nandi": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Neo-Aramaic (Persian Azerbaijan)": "Complex syllable structure", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Navajo": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Naxi": "Simple syllable structure", "Ndut": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Ndyuka": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Newari (Kathmandu)": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Nez Perce": "Complex syllable structure", "Nganasan": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Ngiyambaa": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Ngizim": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Nahuatl (North Puebla)": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Nyishi": "Complex syllable structure", "Nivkh": "Complex syllable structure", "Nkore-Kiga": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Nyah Kur (Tha Pong)": "Complex syllable structure", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "Complex syllable structure", "Nancowry": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Nobiin": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Noni": "Complex syllable structure", "Norwegian": "Complex syllable structure", "Ngiti": "Simple syllable structure", "Nenets": "Complex syllable structure", "Nunggubuyu": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Nuuchahnulth": "Complex syllable structure", "Nyangi": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Nyimang": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Ogbia": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Oneida": "Complex syllable structure", "O'odham": "Complex syllable structure", "Oromo (Harar)": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Ormuri": "Complex syllable structure", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Complex syllable structure", "Pacoh": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Páez": "Complex syllable structure", "Paiwan": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Paumarí": "Simple syllable structure", "Pawaian": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Pech": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Phlong": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Pitjantjatjara": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Paamese": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Panare": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Po-Ai": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Pohnpeian": "Complex syllable structure", "Polish": "Complex syllable structure", "Pirahã": "Simple syllable structure", "Persian": "Complex syllable structure", "Pashto": "Complex syllable structure", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Complex syllable structure", "Parauk": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Purépecha": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Qawasqar": "Complex syllable structure", "Rama": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Rapanui": "Simple syllable structure", "Resígaro": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Roro": "Simple syllable structure", "Romansch (Scharans)": "Complex syllable structure", "Rotokas": "Simple syllable structure", "Rukai (Tanan)": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Russian": "Complex syllable structure", "Rutul": "Complex syllable structure", "Sa'ban": "Complex syllable structure", "Sango": "Simple syllable structure", "Sáliba (in Colombia)": "Simple syllable structure", "Saami (Central-South)": "Complex syllable structure", "Sandawe": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Sedang": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Selknam": "Complex syllable structure", "Shan": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Shiriana": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Shasta": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Shuswap": "Complex syllable structure", "Selkup": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Slave": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Semelai": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Senadi": "Simple syllable structure", "Sanuma": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Somali": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Soqotri": "Complex syllable structure", "Sora": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Spanish": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Squamish": "Complex syllable structure", "Sre": "Complex syllable structure", "Sirionó": "Simple syllable structure", "Suena": "Simple syllable structure", "Sui": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Supyire": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Savosavo": "Simple syllable structure", "Swahili": "Simple syllable structure", "Taba": "Complex syllable structure", "Tacana": "Simple syllable structure", "Tagalog": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Tamang (Eastern)": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Tashlhiyt": "Complex syllable structure", "Telugu": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Tera": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Tigak": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Tigré": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Thai": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Tiwi": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Tlingit": "Complex syllable structure", "Tama": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Temein": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Tampulma": "Complex syllable structure", "Temne": "Complex syllable structure", "Toaripi": "Simple syllable structure", "Tarok": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Tol": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Tonkawa": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Trumai": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Tiruray": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Tausug": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Complex syllable structure", "Tsou": "Complex syllable structure", "Tetun": "Complex syllable structure", "Tsova-Tush": "Complex syllable structure", "Tuareg (Ahaggar)": "Complex syllable structure", "Tukang Besi": "Simple syllable structure", "Tulu": "Complex syllable structure", "Turkish": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Tuvan": "Complex syllable structure", "Tzeltal (Aguacatenango)": "Complex syllable structure", "UMbundu": "Simple syllable structure", "Una": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Ungarinjin": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Usan": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Uzbek (Northern)": "Complex syllable structure", "Vietnamese": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Wahgi": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Wambaya": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Waorani": "Simple syllable structure", "Wari'": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Wichí": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Wintu": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Wolof": "Complex syllable structure", "West Makian": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Wik Munkan": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Wantoat": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Woisika": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Wapishana": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Warao": "Simple syllable structure", "Wardaman": "Complex syllable structure", "Waris": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "!Xóõ": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Yagua": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Yapese": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Yaqui": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Yareba": "Simple syllable structure", "Yawa": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Yay": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Yucuna": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Yelî Dnye": "Simple syllable structure", "Yessan-Mayo": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Yeyi": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Yagaria": "Complex syllable structure", "Yidiny": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Yimas": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Yakut": "Complex syllable structure", "Yanyuwa": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Yoruba": "Simple syllable structure", "Yukaghir (Tundra)": "Complex syllable structure", "Yulu": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Yurok": "Complex syllable structure", "Yupik (Siberian)": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Complex syllable structure", "Zulu": "Moderately complex syllable structure", "Zuni": "Moderately complex syllable structure" }
13A
Tone
Phonology
How complex is the tone system of the <LANGUAGE> language?
No tones; Simple tone system; Complex tone system
{ "Abkhaz": "No tones", "Achumawi": "Simple tone system", "Acoma": "Complex tone system", "Andoke": "Simple tone system", "Aleut (Eastern)": "No tones", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "No tones", "Aghem": "Simple tone system", "Ahtna": "No tones", "Aikaná": "Simple tone system", "Ainu": "Simple tone system", "Akan": "Simple tone system", "Akawaio": "No tones", "Alamblak": "No tones", "Albanian": "No tones", "Alladian": "Simple tone system", "Alawa": "No tones", "Amele": "No tones", "Amharic": "No tones", "Amo": "Simple tone system", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "No tones", "Amuesha": "No tones", "Amuzgo": "Complex tone system", "Araona": "No tones", "Angas": "Complex tone system", "//Ani": "Simple tone system", "Angaataha": "Simple tone system", "Ao": "Complex tone system", "Apinayé": "No tones", "Apurinã": "No tones", "Arabela": "No tones", "Archi": "No tones", "Armenian (Eastern)": "No tones", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "No tones", "Asmat": "No tones", "Atayal": "No tones", "Avar": "No tones", "Awngi": "Simple tone system", "Awa Pit": "No tones", "Aymara (Central)": "No tones", "Azerbaijani": "No tones", "Bagirmi": "Complex tone system", "Bai": "Complex tone system", "Bajau (Sama)": "No tones", "Bambara": "Simple tone system", "Bawm": "Simple tone system", "Bobo Madaré (Northern)": "Complex tone system", "Bella Coola": "No tones", "Beembe": "Simple tone system", "Beja": "Simple tone system", "Bengali": "No tones", "Berta": "Simple tone system", "Bété": "Complex tone system", "Birom": "Complex tone system", "Bisa": "No tones", "Bakairí": "No tones", "Batak (Karo)": "No tones", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "No tones", "Qaqet": "No tones", "Waimaha": "Simple tone system", "Bodo": "Simple tone system", "Bariba": "Complex tone system", "Bardi": "No tones", "Breton": "No tones", "Brahui": "No tones", "Burmese": "Complex tone system", "Bororo": "No tones", "Bru (Western)": "No tones", "Bashkir": "No tones", "Basque": "No tones", "Batak (Toba)": "No tones", "Burarra": "No tones", "Bulgarian": "No tones", "Burushaski": "No tones", "Bandjalang (Yugumbir)": "No tones", "Cacua": "Simple tone system", "Caddo": "Simple tone system", "Cahuilla": "No tones", "Camsá": "No tones", "Carib": "No tones", "Campa (Axininca)": "No tones", "Chickasaw": "No tones", "Cocopa": "No tones", "Chamorro": "No tones", "Cherokee": "Simple tone system", "Chukchi": "No tones", "Chehalis (Upper)": "No tones", "Chipewyan": "Simple tone system", "Chinantec (Quiotepec)": "Complex tone system", "Nivacle": "No tones", "Chuvash": "No tones", "Cham (Western)": "Simple tone system", "CiLuba": "Simple tone system", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Complex tone system", "Comanche": "No tones", "Canela": "No tones", "Cantonese": "Complex tone system", "Coos (Hanis)": "No tones", "Cree (Plains)": "No tones", "Chatino (Sierra Occidental)": "Complex tone system", "Chin (Tiddim)": "Complex tone system", "Catalan": "No tones", "Cubeo": "Simple tone system", "Cayuvava": "No tones", "Dadibi": "Simple tone system", "Dahalo": "Simple tone system", "Dan": "Complex tone system", "Darai": "No tones", "Daju (Dar Fur)": "No tones", "Dla (Proper)": "No tones", "Deti": "Simple tone system", "Dagbani": "Simple tone system", "Dagur": "No tones", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "No tones", "Dinka": "Complex tone system", "Diola-Fogny": "No tones", "Diyari": "No tones", "Dizi": "Complex tone system", "Djapu": "No tones", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "No tones", "Dangaléat (Western)": "Simple tone system", "Dong (Southern)": "Complex tone system", "Doyayo": "Complex tone system", "Drehu": "No tones", "Toro So": "Simple tone system", "Dumo": "Complex tone system", "Dyirbal": "No tones", "Efik": "Simple tone system", "Ejagham": "Complex tone system", "Ekari": "Simple tone system", "English": "No tones", "Epena Pedee": "No tones", "Evenki": "No tones", "Even": "No tones", "Ewe": "Simple tone system", "Ewondo": "Complex tone system", "Eyak": "No tones", "Fasu": "Simple tone system", "Fe'fe'": "Complex tone system", "Fijian": "No tones", "Finnish": "No tones", "French": "No tones", "Fulniô": "Simple tone system", "Fur": "Simple tone system", "Fuzhou": "Complex tone system", "Fyem": "Simple tone system", "Gã": "Complex tone system", "Great Andamanese": "No tones", "Garo": "No tones", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "Simple tone system", "Gadsup": "Complex tone system", "Georgian": "No tones", "German": "No tones", "Gelao": "Complex tone system", "Gooniyandi": "No tones", "Grebo": "Complex tone system", "Greek (Modern)": "No tones", "Garrwa": "No tones", "Greenlandic (West)": "No tones", "Guaraní": "No tones", "Gwari": "Complex tone system", "Hadza": "Simple tone system", "Haida": "No tones", "Hakka": "Complex tone system", "Hamtai": "Simple tone system", "Hausa": "Simple tone system", "Hawaiian": "No tones", "Hebrew (Modern Ashkenazic)": "No tones", "Hindi": "No tones", "Hixkaryana": "No tones", "Hmong Njua": "Complex tone system", "Hamer": "Simple tone system", "Min (Southern)": "Complex tone system", "Hopi": "Simple tone system", "Huastec": "No tones", "Huitoto (Murui)": "No tones", "Hungarian": "No tones", "Hupa": "No tones", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "Simple tone system", "Hunzib": "No tones", "Iaai": "No tones", "Iban": "No tones", "Igbo": "Simple tone system", "Ingessana": "Simple tone system", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "Simple tone system", "Ik": "Simple tone system", "Ika": "No tones", "Imonda": "No tones", "Indonesian": "No tones", "Ingush": "No tones", "Irish (Donegal)": "No tones", "Iraqw": "Simple tone system", "Irarutu": "No tones", "Iranxe": "No tones", "Isoko": "Simple tone system", "Ivatan": "No tones", "Jakaltek": "No tones", "Jaqaru": "No tones", "Javanese": "No tones", "Jebero": "No tones", "Jeh": "No tones", "Jingpho": "Complex tone system", "Jomang": "Simple tone system", "Japanese": "Simple tone system", "Japreria": "No tones", "Ju|'hoan": "Complex tone system", "Kabardian": "No tones", "Kadugli": "Complex tone system", "Kalami": "Simple tone system", "Kashmiri": "No tones", "Kayardild": "No tones", "Koyra Chiini": "No tones", "Kedang": "No tones", "Kefa": "Simple tone system", "Kera": "Complex tone system", "Ket": "No tones", "Kewa": "Simple tone system", "Koromfe": "No tones", "Konyagi": "Simple tone system", "Kalkatungu": "No tones", "Kirghiz": "No tones", "Khalkha": "No tones", "Khmer": "No tones", "Nama": "Complex tone system", "Kharia": "No tones", "Khasi": "No tones", "Kiowa": "Simple tone system", "Kiwai (Southern)": "Simple tone system", "Konkani": "No tones", "Lusi": "No tones", "Klao": "Complex tone system", "Klamath": "No tones", "Kilivila": "No tones", "Kala Lagaw Ya": "No tones", "Kunimaipa": "No tones", "Khmu'": "Simple tone system", "Kannada": "No tones", "Kaingang": "No tones", "Kanakuru": "Simple tone system", "Kunama": "Simple tone system", "Kanuri": "Simple tone system", "Koasati": "Complex tone system", "Kobon": "No tones", "Kohumono": "Complex tone system", "Koiari": "Simple tone system", "Komo": "Complex tone system", "Korean": "No tones", "Kota": "No tones", "Koya": "No tones", "Kpan": "Complex tone system", "Kpelle": "Complex tone system", "Kiribati": "No tones", "Kurdish (Central)": "No tones", "Karok": "Simple tone system", "Krongo": "Simple tone system", "Koryak": "No tones", "Karen (Sgaw)": "Complex tone system", "Kisi (Southern)": "Simple tone system", "Kotoko": "Simple tone system", "Khanty": "No tones", "Kullo": "Simple tone system", "Kuna": "No tones", "Kutenai": "No tones", "Kwaio": "No tones", "Kwakw'ala": "No tones", "Kawaiisu": "No tones", "Kuku-Yalanji": "No tones", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "Complex tone system", "Komi-Zyrian": "No tones", "Ladakhi": "No tones", "Lahu": "Complex tone system", "Lak": "No tones", "Lamé": "Complex tone system", "Lango": "Simple tone system", "Latvian": "Simple tone system", "Lavukaleve": "No tones", "Lenakel": "No tones", "Lezgian": "No tones", "Lakkia": "Complex tone system", "Lakhota": "No tones", "Lelemi": "Simple tone system", "Lü": "Complex tone system", "Lua": "Complex tone system", "Lugbara": "Complex tone system", "Luiseño": "No tones", "Luo": "Simple tone system", "Lushootseed": "No tones", "Luvale": "Simple tone system", "Maasai": "Simple tone system", "Maba": "Simple tone system", "Makah": "No tones", "Malagasy": "No tones", "Maori": "No tones", "Mapudungun": "No tones", "Maricopa": "No tones", "Maung": "No tones", "Maxakalí": "No tones", "Maybrat": "No tones", "Mazahua": "Simple tone system", "Mba": "Complex tone system", "Mbabaram": "No tones", "Mbum": "Simple tone system", "Meithei": "Simple tone system", "Mangghuer": "No tones", "Mien": "Complex tone system", "Maranungku": "No tones", "Mambila": "Complex tone system", "Malakmalak": "No tones", "Mandarin": "Complex tone system", "Maidu (Northeast)": "No tones", "Moghol": "No tones", "Mor": "Simple tone system", "Movima": "No tones", "Murrinh-Patha": "No tones", "Marind": "No tones", "Margi": "Simple tone system", "Murle": "Simple tone system", "Maranao": "No tones", "Moro": "Simple tone system", "Martuthunira": "No tones", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "No tones", "Mixe (Totontepec)": "No tones", "Muinane": "Simple tone system", "Mumuye": "Complex tone system", "Mundari": "No tones", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Complex tone system", "Mixtec (Molinos)": "Complex tone system", "Ma'ya": "Complex tone system", "Mangarrayi": "No tones", "Mazatec (Chiquihuitlán)": "Complex tone system", "Nanai": "No tones", "Nandi": "Simple tone system", "Neo-Aramaic (Persian Azerbaijan)": "No tones", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "Simple tone system", "Navajo": "Simple tone system", "Naxi": "Complex tone system", "Ndut": "Complex tone system", "Ndyuka": "Simple tone system", "Nepali": "No tones", "Newari (Kathmandu)": "No tones", "Nez Perce": "No tones", "Nganasan": "No tones", "Ngiyambaa": "No tones", "Ngizim": "Simple tone system", "Nahuatl (North Puebla)": "No tones", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "No tones", "Nyishi": "Simple tone system", "Nivkh": "Simple tone system", "Nkore-Kiga": "Simple tone system", "Nyah Kur (Tha Pong)": "Simple tone system", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "Complex tone system", "Nancowry": "No tones", "Nobiin": "Simple tone system", "Noni": "Complex tone system", "Norwegian": "Simple tone system", "Ngiti": "Complex tone system", "Nenets": "No tones", "Nunggubuyu": "No tones", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "Complex tone system", "Nuuchahnulth": "No tones", "Nyangi": "Simple tone system", "Nyimang": "Complex tone system", "Ocaina": "Simple tone system", "Ogbia": "Simple tone system", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "No tones", "Oneida": "Simple tone system", "O'odham": "No tones", "Oromo (Harar)": "Complex tone system", "Ormuri": "No tones", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Simple tone system", "Pacoh": "No tones", "Páez": "No tones", "Paiwan": "No tones", "Paumarí": "No tones", "Pawaian": "Simple tone system", "Pech": "Simple tone system", "Phlong": "Complex tone system", "Pitjantjatjara": "No tones", "Paamese": "No tones", "Panare": "No tones", "Po-Ai": "Complex tone system", "Pohnpeian": "No tones", "Polish": "No tones", "Pirahã": "Simple tone system", "Persian": "No tones", "Pashto": "No tones", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Simple tone system", "Parauk": "No tones", "Purépecha": "No tones", "Qawasqar": "No tones", "Quechua (Cochabamba)": "No tones", "Quileute": "Simple tone system", "Rama": "No tones", "Rapanui": "No tones", "Resígaro": "Simple tone system", "Romanian": "No tones", "Roro": "No tones", "Romansch (Scharans)": "No tones", "Rotokas": "No tones", "Rukai (Tanan)": "No tones", "Russian": "No tones", "Rutul": "Simple tone system", "Sango": "Simple tone system", "Sáliba (in Colombia)": "No tones", "Saami (Central-South)": "No tones", "Sindhi": "No tones", "Sandawe": "Simple tone system", "Sedang": "No tones", "Selknam": "No tones", "Shan": "Complex tone system", "Shiriana": "No tones", "Shipibo-Konibo": "No tones", "Shasta": "Simple tone system", "Shuswap": "No tones", "Slave": "Simple tone system", "Semelai": "No tones", "Seneca": "No tones", "Senadi": "Complex tone system", "Sinhala": "No tones", "Sanuma": "No tones", "Somali": "Simple tone system", "Soqotri": "No tones", "Sora": "No tones", "Spanish": "No tones", "Squamish": "No tones", "Sre": "Simple tone system", "Sirionó": "No tones", "Suena": "Simple tone system", "Sui": "Complex tone system", "Supyire": "Complex tone system", "Savosavo": "No tones", "Swahili": "No tones", "Taba": "No tones", "Tacana": "No tones", "Tagalog": "No tones", "Tamang (Eastern)": "Simple tone system", "Tashlhiyt": "No tones", "Tehuelche": "No tones", "Telugu": "No tones", "Tera": "Complex tone system", "Tigak": "No tones", "Tigré": "No tones", "Thai": "Complex tone system", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "Simple tone system", "Ticuna": "Complex tone system", "Tiwi": "No tones", "Teke (Southern)": "Simple tone system", "Tlingit": "Simple tone system", "Tlapanec": "Complex tone system", "Tama": "Complex tone system", "Temein": "Simple tone system", "Tampulma": "Simple tone system", "Temne": "Simple tone system", "Toaripi": "No tones", "Tarok": "Complex tone system", "Tol": "No tones", "Tonkawa": "No tones", "Totonac (Papantla)": "No tones", "Trumai": "No tones", "Tiruray": "No tones", "Tausug": "No tones", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "No tones", "Tsou": "No tones", "Tetun": "No tones", "Tsova-Tush": "No tones", "Tuareg (Ahaggar)": "No tones", "Tukang Besi": "No tones", "Tulu": "No tones", "Turkish": "No tones", "Tuvan": "No tones", "Tiwa (Northern)": "Simple tone system", "Tzeltal (Aguacatenango)": "No tones", "UMbundu": "Simple tone system", "Una": "Simple tone system", "Ungarinjin": "No tones", "Urubú-Kaapor": "No tones", "Usan": "No tones", "Uzbek (Northern)": "No tones", "Vietnamese": "Complex tone system", "Wahgi": "Simple tone system", "Wambaya": "No tones", "Waorani": "No tones", "Wappo": "No tones", "Wari'": "No tones", "Wichí": "No tones", "Western Desert (Ooldea)": "No tones", "Wichita": "No tones", "Wintu": "No tones", "Wiyot": "No tones", "Wolof": "No tones", "West Makian": "No tones", "Wik Munkan": "No tones", "Wantoat": "No tones", "Woisika": "No tones", "Wapishana": "No tones", "Warao": "No tones", "Wardaman": "No tones", "Waray (in Australia)": "No tones", "Wu": "Complex tone system", "!Xóõ": "Complex tone system", "Yagua": "Simple tone system", "Yana": "No tones", "Yapese": "No tones", "Yaqui": "Simple tone system", "Yareba": "No tones", "Yawa": "No tones", "Yay": "Complex tone system", "Yucuna": "No tones", "Yucatec": "Simple tone system", "Yelî Dnye": "No tones", "Yessan-Mayo": "No tones", "Yeyi": "Simple tone system", "Yagaria": "Simple tone system", "Yidiny": "No tones", "Yimas": "No tones", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "No tones", "Yakut": "No tones", "Yanyuwa": "No tones", "Yoruba": "Complex tone system", "Yukaghir (Tundra)": "No tones", "Yuchi": "No tones", "Yulu": "Complex tone system", "Yurok": "No tones", "Yupik (Siberian)": "No tones", "Zande": "Simple tone system", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "No tones", "Zulu": "Simple tone system", "Zuni": "No tones" }
14A
Fixed Stress Locations
Phonology
Where is fixed stress located in the <LANGUAGE> language?
No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress); Initial - stress is on the first syllable; Second - stress is on the second syllable; Third - stress is on the third syllable; Antepenultimate - stress is on the antepenultimate (third from the right) syllable; Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable; Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable
{ "Arabic (Beirut)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Abkhaz": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Acehnese": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Achagua": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Arabic (Eastern Libyan)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Anguthimri": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Aguacatec": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Arabic (Bani-Hassan)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Aklanon": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Alamblak": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Alune": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Alawa": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Alyawarra": "Second - stress is on the second syllable", "Amele": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Araona": "Second - stress is on the second syllable", "Arabic (Palestinian)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Apurinã": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Lokono": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Archi": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Arabic (Gulf)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Arabic (Hijazi)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Arabic (Lebanese)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Armenian (Eastern)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Arosi": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Arabic (Negev)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Asmat": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Arabic (Syrian)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Aralle-Tabulahan": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Alutiiq": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Au": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Avar": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Awadhi": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Arrernte (Western)": "Second - stress is on the second syllable", "Awtuw": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Aymara (Central)": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Baré": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Bagirmi": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Balinese": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Bawm": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Bambam": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Bininj Gun-Wok": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Badimaya": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Beja": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Bengali": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Banggai": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Bagvalal": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Bhojpuri": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Biak": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Bima": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Bikol": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Batak (Karo)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Balantak": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Banawá": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Banggarla": "Antepenultimate - stress is on the antepenultimate (third from the right) syllable", "Bantik": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Basque (Bidasoa Valley)": "Second - stress is on the second syllable", "Basque (Gernica)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Basque (Hondarribia)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Basque (Basaburua and Imoz)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Basque (Lekeitio)": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Basque (Northern High Navarrese)": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Basque (Oñati)": "Second - stress is on the second syllable", "Basque (Roncalese)": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Basque (Sakana)": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Basque (Zeberio)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Breton": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Bashkir": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Basque (Souletin)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Batak (Toba)": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Burarra": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Bugis": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Buli (in Indonesia)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Burushaski": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Buru": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Bandjalang (Waalubal)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Cahuilla": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Capanahua": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Carib": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Cavineña": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Cocopa": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Choctaw": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Cebuano": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Chamorro": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Chukchi": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Chuvash": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Comanche": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Canela": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Coos (Hanis)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Campa Pajonal Asheninca": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Chepang": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Cree (Plains)": "Antepenultimate - stress is on the antepenultimate (third from the right) syllable", "Creek": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Cornish": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Catalan": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Cubeo": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Cupeño": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Chatino (Yaitepec)": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Cayuga": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Cayuvava": "Antepenultimate - stress is on the antepenultimate (third from the right) syllable", "Czech": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Da'a": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Dakota": "Second - stress is on the second syllable", "Desano": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Dhurga": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Dharawal": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Diola-Fogny": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Diyari": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Djingili": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Djaru": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Dobel": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Doutai": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Drehu": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Dari": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Danish": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Dutch": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Dyirbal": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Ekari": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Embera Chami": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "English": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Enggano": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Epena Pedee": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Ese Ejja": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Estonian": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Evenki": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Faroese": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Fijian": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Finnish": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Fore": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Fordata": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "French": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Gaelic (Scots)": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Gayo": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Georgian": "Antepenultimate - stress is on the antepenultimate (third from the right) syllable", "German": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Gidabal": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Galela": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Gaalpu": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Godoberi": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Gooniyandi": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Gorowa": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Grebo": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Greek (Modern)": "Antepenultimate - stress is on the antepenultimate (third from the right) syllable", "Garrwa": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Greenlandic (West)": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Guaraní": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Gugada": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Gujarati": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Guugu Yimidhirr": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Hawaiian": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Hindi": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Hixkaryana": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Halang": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Huitoto (Muinane)": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Hanunóo": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Haida (Northern)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Hopi": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Huastec": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Hungarian": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Hunzib": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Iaai": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Icelandic": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Inga": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Indonesian": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Ingush": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Irish": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Irish (Munster)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Iraqw": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Irarutu": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Italian": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Jakaltek": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Jaqaru": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Javanese": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Júma": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Kaure": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Kalami": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Kambera": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Kela (Apoze)": "Antepenultimate - stress is on the antepenultimate (third from the right) syllable", "Kaiwá": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Kayardild": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Kei": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Kera": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Kewa": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Koromfe": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Kalkatungu": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Khalkha": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Khmer": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Khasi": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Kitsai": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Kunjen": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Konjo": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Kaili": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Klamath": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Kalapuya": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Kilivila": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Khmu'": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Kunama": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Koasati": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Kobon": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Kongo": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Kola": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Komi-Permyak": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Koya": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Kara (in Papua New Guinea)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Karok": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Karelian": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Krongo": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Kashaya": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Kisar": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Ketengban": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Kutenai": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Kuuku Ya'u": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Kulamanen": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Kwaio": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Kwakw'ala": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Kawaiisu": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Kuku-Yalanji": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Lango": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Laragia": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Latvian": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Lavukaleve": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Lenakel": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Leti": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Lezgian": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Lithuanian": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Liv": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Lauje": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Lamu-Lamu": "Second - stress is on the second syllable", "Lamaholot": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Lampung": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Larike": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Luiseño": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Luvale": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Macushi": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Mae": "Antepenultimate - stress is on the antepenultimate (third from the right) syllable", "Mari (Hill)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Maithili": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Makah": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Malagasy": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Mam": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Maori": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Mapudungun": "Second - stress is on the second syllable", "Maricopa": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Maung": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Maybrat": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Mbabaram": "Second - stress is on the second syllable", "Macedonian": "Antepenultimate - stress is on the antepenultimate (third from the right) syllable", "Miwok (Central Sierra)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Madimadi": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Meyah": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Melayu Betawi": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Menomini": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Mongondow": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Minangkabau": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Miskito": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Makassar": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Maranungku": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Malacca Creole": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Malakmalak": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Maltese": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Malay": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Mari (Meadow)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Mordvin (Moksha)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Mamasa": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Muna": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Mandarin": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Maidu (Northeast)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Manggarai": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Mantjiltjara": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Manam": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Mansi": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Mentawai": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Manx": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Margany": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Mohawk": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Marind": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Murik": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Murle": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Mairasi": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Martuthunira": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Muruwari": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Munsee": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Mentuh Tapuh": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Mundari": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Miwok (Northern Sierra)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Mangarrayi": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Malayalam": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Ma'anyan": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Mayi-Yapi": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Neo-Aramaic (Arbel Jewish)": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Navajo": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Nambas (Big)": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Nyambo": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Ndyuka": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Nepali": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Nez Perce": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Ngad'a": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Ngiyambaa": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Ngalakan": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Ngarinyeri": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Nias": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Ningil": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Nivkh": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Nyungar": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Ngalkbun": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Nengone": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Norwegian": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Napu": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Neo-Aramaic (Assyrian)": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Nenets": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Nuaulu": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Nunggubuyu": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Nyawaygi": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Obokuitai": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Occitan": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Oloh Mangtangai": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Oneida": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Ono": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Oroch": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Ossetic": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Oto": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Padoe": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Pagu": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Paiwan": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Paumarí": "Antepenultimate - stress is on the antepenultimate (third from the right) syllable", "Pintupi": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Piro": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Pitjantjatjara": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Pokomchí": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Paakantyi": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Polabian": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Paulohi": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Pulopetak": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Pomo (Eastern)": "Second - stress is on the second syllable", "Paamese": "Antepenultimate - stress is on the antepenultimate (third from the right) syllable", "Pamona": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Polish": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Portuguese": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Pitta Pitta": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Pirahã": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Persian": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Pashto": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Puluwat": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Purépecha": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Paiute (Southern)": "Second - stress is on the second syllable", "Quechua (Ayacucho)": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Quiché": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Quechan": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Rama": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Rapanui": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Ritharngu": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Romani (North Russian)": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Romanian": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Roro": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Rotuman": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Romansch (Surmeiran)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Roti": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Russian": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Sahu": "Antepenultimate - stress is on the antepenultimate (third from the right) syllable", "Sakao": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Saho": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Sama (Balangingi)": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Serbian-Croatian": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Sindhi": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Southeast Ambrym": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Sedang": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Seri": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Sangir": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Shiriana": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Shipibo-Konibo": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Sio": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Sikule": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Selkup": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Sikaritai": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Slave": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Slovene": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Selepet": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Selayar": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Semelai": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Seneca": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Sanuma": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Saami (Northern)": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Sentani": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Spanish": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Spokane": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Salish (Southern Puget Sound)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Squamish": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Sorbian": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Sardinian": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Siroi": "Second - stress is on the second syllable", "Selaru": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Stoney": "Second - stress is on the second syllable", "Sundanese": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Supyire": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Slovincian": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Slovak": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Swahili": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Swedish": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Sawai": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Taba": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Tacana": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Tagalog": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Tahitian": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Tajik": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Tashlhiyt": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Tawala": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Tübatulabal": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Tabla": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Tabaru": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Tehuelche": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Tigak": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Tarangan (West)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Thaypan": "Second - stress is on the second syllable", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Tiwi": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Tolai": "Second - stress is on the second syllable", "Talaud": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Tobelo": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Timucua": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Tongan": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Tondano": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Tanna (Southwest)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Tontemboan": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Tol": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Toratán": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Tepehuan (Southeastern)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Toraja": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Trumai": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Tiruray": "Antepenultimate - stress is on the antepenultimate (third from the right) syllable", "Tsakhur": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Timorese": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Tuamotuan": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Tukang Besi": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Tunica": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Turkish": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Tzotzil": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Uradhi": "Second - stress is on the second syllable", "Ulithian": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Uma": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Ungarinjin": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Unami": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Usan": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Uzbek (Northern)": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Votic": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Wahgi": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Wambaya": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Wangkumara": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Waorani": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Wari'": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Wambon": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Wichí": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Welsh": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Weri": "Ultimate - stress is on the ultimate (last) syllable", "Wetan": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Wichita": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Wiyot": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Walmatjari": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Wolio": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Winnebago": "Third - stress is on the third syllable", "Woisika": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Warao": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Wardaman": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Warrgamay": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Warlpiri": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Yana": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Yapese": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Yaqui": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Yup'ik (Chevak)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Yelî Dnye": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Yidiny": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Yil": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Yimas": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Yindjibarndi": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Yir Yoront": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Yamdena": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Yanyuwa": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Yup'ik (Central)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Yupik (St. Lawrence Island)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Yuchi": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Yup'ik (Norton Sound)": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Yuwaalaraay": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Yawelmani": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Yazva": "No fixed stress (mostly weight-sensitive stress)", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Zulu": "Penultimate - stress is on the penultimate (second from the right) syllable", "Zuni": "Initial - stress is on the first syllable" }
15A
Weight-Sensitive Stress
Phonology
How is stress determined in weight-sensitive systems in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable; Left-oriented - The third syllable is involved; Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable; Right-oriented - The antepenultimate is involved; Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word; Combined - Both Right-edge and unbounded; Not predictable; Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)
{ "Arabic (Beirut)": "Right-oriented - The antepenultimate is involved", "Abkhaz": "Not predictable", "Acehnese": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Achagua": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Right-oriented - The antepenultimate is involved", "Arabic (Eastern Libyan)": "Right-oriented - The antepenultimate is involved", "Anguthimri": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Aguacatec": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Arabic (Bani-Hassan)": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Aklanon": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Alamblak": "Combined - Both Right-edge and unbounded", "Alune": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Alawa": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Alyawarra": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Amele": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Araona": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Arabic (Palestinian)": "Right-oriented - The antepenultimate is involved", "Apurinã": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Lokono": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Archi": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Arabic (Gulf)": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Arabic (Hijazi)": "Right-oriented - The antepenultimate is involved", "Arabic (Lebanese)": "Right-oriented - The antepenultimate is involved", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Arosi": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Arabic (Negev)": "Combined - Both Right-edge and unbounded", "Asmat": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Arabic (Syrian)": "Right-oriented - The antepenultimate is involved", "Aralle-Tabulahan": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Alutiiq": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Au": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Avar": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Awadhi": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Arrernte (Western)": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Awtuw": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Aymara (Central)": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Baré": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Bagirmi": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Balinese": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Bawm": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Bambam": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Bininj Gun-Wok": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Badimaya": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Beja": "Right-oriented - The antepenultimate is involved", "Bengali": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Banggai": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Bagvalal": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Bhojpuri": "Right-oriented - The antepenultimate is involved", "Biak": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Bima": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Bikol": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Batak (Karo)": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Balantak": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Banawá": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Banggarla": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Bantik": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Basque (Bidasoa Valley)": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Basque (Gernica)": "Not predictable", "Basque (Hondarribia)": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Basque (Basaburua and Imoz)": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Basque (Lekeitio)": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Basque (Northern High Navarrese)": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Basque (Oñati)": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Basque (Roncalese)": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Basque (Sakana)": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Basque (Zeberio)": "Not predictable", "Breton": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Bashkir": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Basque (Souletin)": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Batak (Toba)": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Burarra": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Bugis": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Buli (in Indonesia)": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Burushaski": "Not predictable", "Buru": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Bandjalang (Waalubal)": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Cahuilla": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Capanahua": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Carib": "Combined - Both Right-edge and unbounded", "Cavineña": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Choctaw": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Cebuano": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Chamorro": "Right-oriented - The antepenultimate is involved", "Chukchi": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Chuvash": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Not predictable", "Comanche": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Canela": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Coos (Hanis)": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Campa Pajonal Asheninca": "Not predictable", "Chepang": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Cree (Plains)": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Creek": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Cornish": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Catalan": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Cubeo": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Cupeño": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Chatino (Yaitepec)": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Cayuga": "Right-oriented - The antepenultimate is involved", "Cayuvava": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Czech": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Da'a": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Dakota": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Desano": "Not predictable", "Dhurga": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Dharawal": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Diola-Fogny": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Diyari": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Djingili": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Djaru": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Dobel": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Doutai": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Drehu": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Dari": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Danish": "Combined - Both Right-edge and unbounded", "Dutch": "Right-oriented - The antepenultimate is involved", "Dyirbal": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Ekari": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Embera Chami": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "English": "Right-oriented - The antepenultimate is involved", "Enggano": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Epena Pedee": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Ese Ejja": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Estonian": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Evenki": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Faroese": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Fijian": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Finnish": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Fore": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Fordata": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "French": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Gaelic (Scots)": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Gayo": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Georgian": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "German": "Right-oriented - The antepenultimate is involved", "Gidabal": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Galela": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Gaalpu": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Godoberi": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Gooniyandi": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Gorowa": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Grebo": "Not predictable", "Greek (Modern)": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Garrwa": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Greenlandic (West)": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Guaraní": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Gugada": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Gujarati": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Guugu Yimidhirr": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Hawaiian": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Hindi": "Right-oriented - The antepenultimate is involved", "Hixkaryana": "Not predictable", "Halang": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Huitoto (Muinane)": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Hanunóo": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Haida (Northern)": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Hopi": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Huastec": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Hungarian": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Hunzib": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Iaai": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Icelandic": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Inga": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Indonesian": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Ingush": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Irish": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Irish (Munster)": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Iraqw": "Combined - Both Right-edge and unbounded", "Irarutu": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Italian": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Jakaltek": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Jaqaru": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Javanese": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Júma": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Kaure": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Kalami": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Kambera": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Kela (Apoze)": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Kaiwá": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Kayardild": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Kei": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Kera": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Kewa": "Not predictable", "Koromfe": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Kalkatungu": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Khalkha": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Khmer": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Khasi": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Kitsai": "Not predictable", "Kunjen": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Konjo": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Kaili": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Klamath": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Kalapuya": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Kilivila": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Khmu'": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Kunama": "Right-oriented - The antepenultimate is involved", "Koasati": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Kobon": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Kongo": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Kola": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Komi-Permyak": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Koya": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Kara (in Papua New Guinea)": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Karok": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Karelian": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Krongo": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Kashaya": "Left-oriented - The third syllable is involved", "Kisar": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Ketengban": "Not predictable", "Kutenai": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Kuuku Ya'u": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Kulamanen": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Kwaio": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Kwakw'ala": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Kawaiisu": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Kuku-Yalanji": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Lango": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Laragia": "Left-oriented - The third syllable is involved", "Latvian": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Lavukaleve": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Lenakel": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Leti": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Lezgian": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Lithuanian": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Liv": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Lauje": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Lamu-Lamu": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Lamaholot": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Lampung": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Larike": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Luiseño": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Luvale": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Macushi": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Mae": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Mari (Hill)": "Combined - Both Right-edge and unbounded", "Maithili": "Right-oriented - The antepenultimate is involved", "Makah": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Malagasy": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Mam": "Combined - Both Right-edge and unbounded", "Maori": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Mapudungun": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Maricopa": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Maung": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Maybrat": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Mbabaram": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Macedonian": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Miwok (Central Sierra)": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Madimadi": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Meyah": "Not predictable", "Melayu Betawi": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Menomini": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Mongondow": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Minangkabau": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Miskito": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Makassar": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Maranungku": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Malacca Creole": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Malakmalak": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Maltese": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Malay": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Mari (Meadow)": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Mordvin (Moksha)": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Mamasa": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Muna": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Mandarin": "Not predictable", "Maidu (Northeast)": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Manggarai": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Mantjiltjara": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Manam": "Right-oriented - The antepenultimate is involved", "Mansi": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Mentawai": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Manx": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Margany": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Mohawk": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Marind": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Murik": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Murle": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Mairasi": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Martuthunira": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Muruwari": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Munsee": "Right-oriented - The antepenultimate is involved", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Mentuh Tapuh": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Mundari": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Miwok (Northern Sierra)": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Mangarrayi": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Malayalam": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Ma'anyan": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Mayi-Yapi": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Neo-Aramaic (Arbel Jewish)": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Nambas (Big)": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Nyambo": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Ndyuka": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Nepali": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Nez Perce": "Not predictable", "Ngad'a": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Ngiyambaa": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Ngalakan": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Ngarinyeri": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Nias": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Ningil": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Nivkh": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Nyungar": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Ngalkbun": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Nengone": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Norwegian": "Right-oriented - The antepenultimate is involved", "Napu": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Neo-Aramaic (Assyrian)": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Nenets": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Nuaulu": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Nunggubuyu": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Nyawaygi": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Obokuitai": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Occitan": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Oloh Mangtangai": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Oneida": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Ono": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Oroch": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Ossetic": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Oto": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Padoe": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Pagu": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Paiwan": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Paumarí": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Pintupi": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Piro": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Pitjantjatjara": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Pokomchí": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Paakantyi": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Polabian": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Paulohi": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Pulopetak": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Pomo (Eastern)": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Paamese": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Pamona": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Polish": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Portuguese": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Pitta Pitta": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Pirahã": "Right-oriented - The antepenultimate is involved", "Persian": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Pashto": "Not predictable", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Right-oriented - The antepenultimate is involved", "Puluwat": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Purépecha": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Paiute (Southern)": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Quechua (Ayacucho)": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Quiché": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Quechan": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Rama": "Not predictable", "Rapanui": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Ritharngu": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Romani (North Russian)": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Romanian": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Roro": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Rotuman": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Romansch (Surmeiran)": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Roti": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Russian": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Sahu": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Sakao": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Saho": "Not predictable", "Sama (Balangingi)": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Serbian-Croatian": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Sindhi": "Combined - Both Right-edge and unbounded", "Southeast Ambrym": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Sedang": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Seri": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Sangir": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Shiriana": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Sio": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Sikule": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Selkup": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Sikaritai": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Slave": "Not predictable", "Slovene": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Selepet": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Selayar": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Semelai": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Seneca": "Right-oriented - The antepenultimate is involved", "Sanuma": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Saami (Northern)": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Sentani": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Spanish": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Spokane": "Not predictable", "Salish (Southern Puget Sound)": "Not predictable", "Squamish": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Sorbian": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Sardinian": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Siroi": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Selaru": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Stoney": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Sundanese": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Supyire": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Slovincian": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Slovak": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Swahili": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Swedish": "Right-oriented - The antepenultimate is involved", "Sawai": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Taba": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Tacana": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Tagalog": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Tahitian": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Tajik": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Tashlhiyt": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Tawala": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Tübatulabal": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Tabla": "Right-oriented - The antepenultimate is involved", "Tabaru": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Tehuelche": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Tigak": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Tarangan (West)": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Thaypan": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Tiwi": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Tolai": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Talaud": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Tobelo": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Timucua": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Tongan": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Tondano": "Right-oriented - The antepenultimate is involved", "Tanna (Southwest)": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Tontemboan": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Tol": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Toratán": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Tepehuan (Southeastern)": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Toraja": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Trumai": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Tiruray": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Tsakhur": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Timorese": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Tuamotuan": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Tukang Besi": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Tunica": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Turkish": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Tzotzil": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Uradhi": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Ulithian": "Not predictable", "Uma": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Ungarinjin": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Unami": "Right-oriented - The antepenultimate is involved", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Usan": "Not predictable", "Uzbek (Northern)": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Votic": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Wahgi": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Wambaya": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Wangkumara": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Waorani": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Wari'": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Wambon": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Wichí": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Welsh": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Weri": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Wetan": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Wichita": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Wiyot": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Walmatjari": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Wolio": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Winnebago": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Woisika": "Not predictable", "Warao": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Wardaman": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Warrgamay": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Warlpiri": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Yana": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Yapese": "Right-edge - Stress on ultimate or penultimate syllable", "Yaqui": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Yup'ik (Chevak)": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Yelî Dnye": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Yidiny": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Yil": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Yimas": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Yindjibarndi": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Yir Yoront": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Yamdena": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Yanyuwa": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Yup'ik (Central)": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Yupik (St. Lawrence Island)": "Not predictable", "Yuchi": "Not predictable", "Yup'ik (Norton Sound)": "Left-edge - Stress is on the first or second syllable", "Yuwaalaraay": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Yawelmani": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Yazva": "Unbounded - Stress can be anywhere in the word", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Zulu": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)", "Zuni": "Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)" }
16A
Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems
Phonology
Which factors determine weight in weight-sensitive stress systems in the <LANGUAGE> language?
No weight, or weight factor unknown; Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress; Coda consonant - closed syllables are heavy for stress; Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables; Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress; Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight; Combined - two of the above factors determine weight
{ "Arabic (Beirut)": "Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables", "Abkhaz": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Acehnese": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Achagua": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Arabic (Eastern Libyan)": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Anguthimri": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Aguacatec": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Arabic (Bani-Hassan)": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Aklanon": "Coda consonant - closed syllables are heavy for stress", "Alamblak": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Alune": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Alawa": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Alyawarra": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Amele": "Coda consonant - closed syllables are heavy for stress", "Araona": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Arabic (Palestinian)": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Apurinã": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Lokono": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Archi": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Arabic (Gulf)": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Arabic (Hijazi)": "Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables", "Arabic (Lebanese)": "Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Arosi": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Arabic (Negev)": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Asmat": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Arabic (Syrian)": "Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables", "Aralle-Tabulahan": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Alutiiq": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Au": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Avar": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Awadhi": "Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables", "Arrernte (Western)": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Awtuw": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Aymara (Central)": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Baré": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Bagirmi": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Balinese": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Bawm": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Bambam": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Bininj Gun-Wok": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Badimaya": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Beja": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Bengali": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Banggai": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Bagvalal": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Bhojpuri": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Biak": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Bima": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Bikol": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Batak (Karo)": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Balantak": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Banawá": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Banggarla": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Bantik": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Basque (Bidasoa Valley)": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Basque (Gernica)": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Basque (Hondarribia)": "Coda consonant - closed syllables are heavy for stress", "Basque (Basaburua and Imoz)": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Basque (Lekeitio)": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Basque (Northern High Navarrese)": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Basque (Oñati)": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Basque (Roncalese)": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Basque (Sakana)": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Basque (Zeberio)": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Breton": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Bashkir": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Basque (Souletin)": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Batak (Toba)": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Burarra": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Bugis": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Buli (in Indonesia)": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Burushaski": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Buru": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Bandjalang (Waalubal)": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Cahuilla": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Capanahua": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Carib": "Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables", "Cavineña": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Choctaw": "Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables", "Cebuano": "Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables", "Chamorro": "Coda consonant - closed syllables are heavy for stress", "Chukchi": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Chuvash": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Comanche": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Canela": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Coos (Hanis)": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Campa Pajonal Asheninca": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Chepang": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Cree (Plains)": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Creek": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Cornish": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Catalan": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Cubeo": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Cupeño": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Chatino (Yaitepec)": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Cayuga": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Cayuvava": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Czech": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Da'a": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Dakota": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Desano": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Dhurga": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Dharawal": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Diola-Fogny": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Diyari": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Djingili": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Djaru": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Dobel": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Doutai": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Drehu": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Dari": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Danish": "Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables", "Dutch": "Coda consonant - closed syllables are heavy for stress", "Dyirbal": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Ekari": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Embera Chami": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "English": "Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables", "Enggano": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Epena Pedee": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Ese Ejja": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Estonian": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Evenki": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Faroese": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Fijian": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Finnish": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Fore": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Fordata": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "French": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Gaelic (Scots)": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Gayo": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Georgian": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "German": "Coda consonant - closed syllables are heavy for stress", "Gidabal": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Galela": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Gaalpu": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Godoberi": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Gooniyandi": "Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables", "Gorowa": "Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables", "Grebo": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Greek (Modern)": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Garrwa": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Greenlandic (West)": "Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables", "Guaraní": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Gugada": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Gujarati": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Guugu Yimidhirr": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Hawaiian": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Hebrew (Modern)": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Hindi": "Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables", "Hixkaryana": "Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables", "Halang": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Huitoto (Muinane)": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Hanunóo": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Haida (Northern)": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Hopi": "Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables", "Huastec": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Hungarian": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Hunzib": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Iaai": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Icelandic": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Inga": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Indonesian": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Ingush": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Irish": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Irish (Munster)": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Iraqw": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Irarutu": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Italian": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Jakaltek": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Jaqaru": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Javanese": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Júma": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Kaure": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Kalami": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Kambera": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Kela (Apoze)": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Kaiwá": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Kayardild": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Kei": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Kera": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Kewa": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Koromfe": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Kalkatungu": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Khalkha": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Khmer": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Khasi": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Kitsai": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Kunjen": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Konjo": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Kaili": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Klamath": "Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables", "Kalapuya": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Kilivila": "Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables", "Khmu'": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Kunama": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Koasati": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Kobon": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Kongo": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Kola": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Komi-Permyak": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Koya": "Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables", "Kara (in Papua New Guinea)": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Karok": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Karelian": "Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables", "Krongo": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Kashaya": "Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables", "Kisar": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Ketengban": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Kutenai": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Kuuku Ya'u": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Kulamanen": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Kwaio": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Kwakw'ala": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Kawaiisu": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Kuku-Yalanji": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Lango": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Laragia": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Latvian": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Lavukaleve": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Lenakel": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Leti": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Lezgian": "Coda consonant - closed syllables are heavy for stress", "Lithuanian": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Liv": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Lauje": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Lamu-Lamu": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Lamaholot": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Lampung": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Larike": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Luiseño": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Luvale": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Macushi": "Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables", "Mae": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Mari (Hill)": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Maithili": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Makah": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Malagasy": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Mam": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Maori": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Mapudungun": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Maricopa": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Maung": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Maybrat": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Mbabaram": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Macedonian": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Miwok (Central Sierra)": "Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables", "Madimadi": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Meyah": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Melayu Betawi": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Menomini": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Mongondow": "Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables", "Minangkabau": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Miskito": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Makassar": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Maranungku": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Malacca Creole": "Coda consonant - closed syllables are heavy for stress", "Malakmalak": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Maltese": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Malay": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Mari (Meadow)": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Mordvin (Moksha)": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Mamasa": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Muna": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Mandarin": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Maidu (Northeast)": "Coda consonant - closed syllables are heavy for stress", "Manggarai": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Mantjiltjara": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Manam": "Coda consonant - closed syllables are heavy for stress", "Mansi": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Mentawai": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Manx": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Margany": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Mohawk": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Marind": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Murik": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Murle": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Mairasi": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Martuthunira": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Muruwari": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Munsee": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables", "Mentuh Tapuh": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Mundari": "Coda consonant - closed syllables are heavy for stress", "Miwok (Northern Sierra)": "Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables", "Mangarrayi": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Malayalam": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Ma'anyan": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Mayi-Yapi": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Neo-Aramaic (Arbel Jewish)": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Nambas (Big)": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables", "Nyambo": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Ndyuka": "Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables", "Nepali": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Nez Perce": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Ngad'a": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Ngiyambaa": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Ngalakan": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Ngarinyeri": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Nias": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Ningil": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Nivkh": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Nyungar": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Ngalkbun": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Nengone": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Norwegian": "Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables", "Napu": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Neo-Aramaic (Assyrian)": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Nenets": "Coda consonant - closed syllables are heavy for stress", "Nuaulu": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Nunggubuyu": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Nyawaygi": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Obokuitai": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Occitan": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Oloh Mangtangai": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Oneida": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Ono": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Oroch": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Ossetic": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Oto": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Padoe": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Pagu": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Paiwan": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Paumarí": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Pintupi": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Piro": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Pitjantjatjara": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Pokomchí": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Paakantyi": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Polabian": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Paulohi": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Pulopetak": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Pomo (Eastern)": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Paamese": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Pamona": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Polish": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Portuguese": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Pitta Pitta": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Pirahã": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Persian": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Pashto": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Puluwat": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Purépecha": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Paiute (Southern)": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Quechua (Ayacucho)": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Quiché": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Quechan": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Rama": "Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables", "Rapanui": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Ritharngu": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Romani (North Russian)": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Romanian": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Roro": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Rotuman": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Romansch (Surmeiran)": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Roti": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Russian": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Sahu": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Sakao": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Saho": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Sama (Balangingi)": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Serbian-Croatian": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Sindhi": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Southeast Ambrym": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Sedang": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Seri": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Sangir": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Shiriana": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Coda consonant - closed syllables are heavy for stress", "Sio": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Sikule": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Selkup": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Sikaritai": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Slave": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Slovene": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Selepet": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Selayar": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Semelai": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Seneca": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Sanuma": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Saami (Northern)": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Sentani": "Coda consonant - closed syllables are heavy for stress", "Spanish": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Spokane": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Salish (Southern Puget Sound)": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Squamish": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Sorbian": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Sardinian": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Siroi": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Selaru": "Coda consonant - closed syllables are heavy for stress", "Stoney": "Coda consonant - closed syllables are heavy for stress", "Sundanese": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Supyire": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Slovincian": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Slovak": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Swahili": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Swedish": "Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables", "Sawai": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Taba": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Tacana": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Tagalog": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Tahitian": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Tajik": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Tashlhiyt": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Tawala": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Tübatulabal": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Tabla": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Tabaru": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Tehuelche": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Tigak": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Tarangan (West)": "Coda consonant - closed syllables are heavy for stress", "Thaypan": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Tiwi": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Tolai": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Talaud": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Tobelo": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Timucua": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Tongan": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Tondano": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Tanna (Southwest)": "Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables", "Tontemboan": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Tol": "Coda consonant - closed syllables are heavy for stress", "Toratán": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Tepehuan (Southeastern)": "Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables", "Toraja": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Trumai": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Tiruray": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Tsakhur": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Timorese": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Tuamotuan": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Tukang Besi": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Tunica": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Turkish": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Tzotzil": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Uradhi": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Ulithian": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Uma": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Ungarinjin": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Unami": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Urubú-Kaapor": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Usan": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Uzbek (Northern)": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Votic": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Wahgi": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Wambaya": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Wangkumara": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Waorani": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Wari'": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Wambon": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Wichí": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Welsh": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Weri": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Wetan": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Wichita": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Wiyot": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Walmatjari": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Wolio": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Winnebago": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Woisika": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Warao": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Wardaman": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Warrgamay": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Warlpiri": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Yana": "Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables", "Yapese": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Yaqui": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Yup'ik (Chevak)": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Yelî Dnye": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Yidiny": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Yil": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Yimas": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Yindjibarndi": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Yir Yoront": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Long vowel + Coda - long vowels or closed syllables", "Yamdena": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Yanyuwa": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Yup'ik (Central)": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Yupik (St. Lawrence Island)": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Yuchi": "Lexical - lexical stress, diacritic weight", "Yup'ik (Norton Sound)": "Combined - two of the above factors determine weight", "Yuwaalaraay": "Long vowel - long vowels are heavy for stress", "Yawelmani": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Yazva": "Prominence - other factors are heavy for stress", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Zulu": "No weight, or weight factor unknown", "Zuni": "No weight, or weight factor unknown" }
17A
Rhythm Types
Phonology
What is the rhythm type in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong; Iambic - right-hand syllable in the foot is strong; Dual - system has both trochaic and iambic feet; Undetermined - no clear foot type; Absent - no rhythmic stress
{ "Arabic (Beirut)": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Acehnese": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Arabic (Eastern Libyan)": "Iambic - right-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Anguthimri": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Aguacatec": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Aklanon": "Iambic - right-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Alune": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Alyawarra": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Amele": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Arabic (Palestinian)": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Apurinã": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Lokono": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Archi": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Arabic (Negev)": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Asmat": "Iambic - right-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Arabic (Syrian)": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Alutiiq": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Avar": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Awadhi": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Arrernte (Western)": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Awtuw": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Bambam": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Bininj Gun-Wok": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Badimaya": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Bengali": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Banggai": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Bagvalal": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Bhojpuri": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Bikol": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Balantak": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Banawá": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Bantik": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Basque (Bidasoa Valley)": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Basque (Gernica)": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Basque (Hondarribia)": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Basque (Basaburua and Imoz)": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Basque (Lekeitio)": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Basque (Northern High Navarrese)": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Basque (Oñati)": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Basque (Roncalese)": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Basque (Sakana)": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Basque (Zeberio)": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Bashkir": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Basque (Souletin)": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Batak (Toba)": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Burarra": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Burushaski": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Bandjalang (Waalubal)": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Cahuilla": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Capanahua": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Cavineña": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Choctaw": "Iambic - right-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Cebuano": "Iambic - right-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Chamorro": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Chuvash": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Comanche": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Coos (Hanis)": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Cree (Plains)": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Creek": "Iambic - right-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Cornish": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Catalan": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Cubeo": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Chatino (Yaitepec)": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Cayuga": "Iambic - right-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Cayuvava": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Czech": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Dakota": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Dhurga": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Dharawal": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Diyari": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Djingili": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Djaru": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Dobel": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Doutai": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Drehu": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Dari": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Dutch": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Dyirbal": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Ekari": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "English": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Ese Ejja": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Estonian": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Evenki": "Iambic - right-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Faroese": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Fijian": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Finnish": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Fore": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "French": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Gaelic (Scots)": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Gayo": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Georgian": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "German": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Gidabal": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Galela": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Gaalpu": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Godoberi": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Gooniyandi": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Gorowa": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Grebo": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Greek (Modern)": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Garrwa": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Greenlandic (West)": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Gugada": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Guugu Yimidhirr": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Hawaiian": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Hixkaryana": "Iambic - right-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Hanunóo": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Haida (Northern)": "Iambic - right-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Hopi": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Huastec": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Hungarian": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Iaai": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Icelandic": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Inga": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Indonesian": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Irish": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Iraqw": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Irarutu": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Italian": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Jaqaru": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Javanese": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Kaure": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Kalami": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Kayardild": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Kei": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Kera": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Kewa": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Koromfe": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Kalkatungu": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Khalkha": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Khmer": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Konjo": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Klamath": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Kunama": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Kobon": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Kongo": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Komi-Permyak": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Koya": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Kara (in Papua New Guinea)": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Karelian": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Krongo": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Kisar": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Ketengban": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Kutenai": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Kuuku Ya'u": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Kuku-Yalanji": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Laragia": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Latvian": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Lavukaleve": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Lenakel": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Leti": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Lithuanian": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Liv": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Larike": "Dual - system has both trochaic and iambic feet", "Luvale": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Macushi": "Iambic - right-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Mari (Hill)": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Maithili": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Malagasy": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Mapudungun": "Iambic - right-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Maricopa": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Maung": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Maybrat": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Macedonian": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Madimadi": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Meyah": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Menomini": "Iambic - right-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Maranungku": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Malacca Creole": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Malakmalak": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Maltese": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Mari (Meadow)": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Mordvin (Moksha)": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Muna": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Maidu (Northeast)": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Mantjiltjara": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Manam": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Mansi": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Margany": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Mohawk": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Marind": "Iambic - right-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Mairasi": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Martuthunira": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Muruwari": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Munsee": "Iambic - right-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Mentuh Tapuh": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Miwok (Northern Sierra)": "Iambic - right-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Mangarrayi": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Malayalam": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Mayi-Yapi": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Nambas (Big)": "Iambic - right-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Nyambo": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Ngiyambaa": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Ngalakan": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Ngarinyeri": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Ningil": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Nyungar": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Ngalkbun": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Nengone": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Norwegian": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Nenets": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Nuaulu": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Nunggubuyu": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Nyawaygi": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Obokuitai": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Oloh Mangtangai": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Oneida": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Ono": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Ossetic": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Paiwan": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Pintupi": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Piro": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Pitjantjatjara": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Pokomchí": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Paakantyi": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Pomo (Eastern)": "Iambic - right-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Polish": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Pitta Pitta": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Pashto": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Iambic - right-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Puluwat": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Paiute (Southern)": "Iambic - right-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Quechan": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Rama": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Rapanui": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Ritharngu": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Rotuman": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Roti": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Russian": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Serbian-Croatian": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Southeast Ambrym": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Sedang": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Seri": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Shiriana": "Iambic - right-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Sio": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Selkup": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Sikaritai": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Slave": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Slovene": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Selepet": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Selayar": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Semelai": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Seneca": "Iambic - right-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Sanuma": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Saami (Northern)": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Sentani": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Spanish": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Squamish": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Sorbian": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Selaru": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Stoney": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Slovak": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Swedish": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Sawai": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Taba": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Tacana": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Tagalog": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Tahitian": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Tashlhiyt": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Tawala": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Tübatulabal": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Tigak": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Tarangan (West)": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Tiwi": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Timucua": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Tongan": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Tanna (Southwest)": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Tepehuan (Southeastern)": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Tiruray": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Tsakhur": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Tuamotuan": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Tukang Besi": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Tunica": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Turkish": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Ungarinjin": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Unami": "Iambic - right-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Iambic - right-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Uzbek (Northern)": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Votic": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Wahgi": "Iambic - right-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Wambaya": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Wangkumara": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Waorani": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Wari'": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Wichí": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Weri": "Iambic - right-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Wetan": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Wichita": "Dual - system has both trochaic and iambic feet", "Wiyot": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Walmatjari": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Winnebago": "Iambic - right-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Woisika": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Warao": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Wardaman": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Warrgamay": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Warlpiri": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Yana": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Yapese": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Yaqui": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Yup'ik (Chevak)": "Iambic - right-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Yelî Dnye": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Yidiny": "Dual - system has both trochaic and iambic feet", "Yimas": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Yindjibarndi": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Yir Yoront": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Yamdena": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Yanyuwa": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Yup'ik (Central)": "Iambic - right-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Yupik (St. Lawrence Island)": "Iambic - right-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Yuchi": "Undetermined - no clear foot type", "Yup'ik (Norton Sound)": "Iambic - right-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Yuwaalaraay": "Dual - system has both trochaic and iambic feet", "Yazva": "Absent - no rhythmic stress", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong", "Zulu": "Trochaic - left-hand syllable in the foot is strong" }
18A
Absence of Common Consonants
Phonology
Which common consonants are absent in the <LANGUAGE> language?
All present; No bilabials; No fricatives; No nasals; No bilabials or nasals; No fricatives or nasals
{ "Abipón": "All present", "Abkhaz": "All present", "Alabama": "All present", "Aché": "All present", "Achumawi": "All present", "Acoma": "All present", "Andoke": "No nasals", "Adzera": "All present", "Aleut (Eastern)": "All present", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "All present", "Aghem": "All present", "Ahtna": "All present", "Aikaná": "All present", "Ainu": "All present", "Aizi": "All present", "Akan": "All present", "Akawaio": "All present", "Alamblak": "All present", "Albanian": "All present", "Alladian": "All present", "Alawa": "No fricatives", "Amahuaca": "All present", "Amele": "All present", "Amharic": "All present", "Amo": "All present", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "No fricatives", "Amuesha": "All present", "Amuzgo": "All present", "Araona": "All present", "Angas": "All present", "//Ani": "All present", "Angaataha": "No fricatives", "Ao": "All present", "Apinayé": "All present", "Apurinã": "All present", "Arabela": "All present", "Archi": "All present", "Armenian (Eastern)": "All present", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "All present", "Asmat": "All present", "Atayal": "All present", "Avar": "All present", "Awngi": "All present", "Awa Pit": "All present", "Aymara (Central)": "All present", "Azerbaijani": "All present", "Bagirmi": "All present", "Bai": "All present", "Bajau (Sama)": "All present", "Bambara": "All present", "Bawm": "All present", "Bobo Madaré (Northern)": "All present", "Bella Coola": "All present", "Beembe": "All present", "Beja": "All present", "Bengali": "All present", "Berta": "All present", "Bété": "All present", "Birom": "All present", "Bisa": "All present", "Bakairí": "All present", "Batak (Karo)": "All present", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "All present", "Qaqet": "All present", "Waimaha": "No nasals", "Bodo": "All present", "Brao": "All present", "Bariba": "All present", "Bardi": "No fricatives", "Breton": "All present", "Brahui": "All present", "Bribri": "All present", "Burmese": "All present", "Bororo": "No fricatives", "Bru (Western)": "All present", "Bashkir": "All present", "Basque": "All present", "Batak (Toba)": "All present", "Burarra": "No fricatives", "Bulgarian": "All present", "Burushaski": "All present", "Bandjalang (Yugumbir)": "No fricatives", "Cacua": "No fricatives", "Caddo": "All present", "Cahuilla": "All present", "Camsá": "All present", "Carib": "All present", "Campa (Axininca)": "All present", "Cayapa": "All present", "Chickasaw": "All present", "Cocopa": "All present", "Chamorro": "All present", "Cherokee": "All present", "Chukchi": "All present", "Chehalis (Upper)": "All present", "Chipewyan": "No bilabials", "Chinantec (Quiotepec)": "All present", "Nivacle": "All present", "Chuvash": "All present", "Cham (Western)": "All present", "CiLuba": "All present", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "All present", "Comanche": "All present", "Canela": "All present", "Cantonese": "All present", "Cofán": "All present", "Coos (Hanis)": "All present", "Cree (Plains)": "All present", "Chatino (Sierra Occidental)": "All present", "Chin (Tiddim)": "All present", "Catalan": "All present", "Cubeo": "No nasals", "Chuave": "All present", "Cayuvava": "All present", "Dadibi": "All present", "Daga": "All present", "Dahalo": "All present", "Dan": "All present", "Darai": "All present", "Daju (Dar Fur)": "All present", "Dla (Proper)": "No fricatives", "Deti": "All present", "Dagbani": "All present", "Dagur": "All present", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "All present", "Dinka": "No fricatives", "Diola-Fogny": "All present", "Diyari": "No fricatives", "Dizi": "All present", "Djapu": "No fricatives", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "All present", "Dangaléat (Western)": "All present", "Dong (Southern)": "All present", "Doyayo": "All present", "Drehu": "All present", "Toro So": "All present", "Dumo": "All present", "Dyirbal": "No fricatives", "Efik": "All present", "Ejagham": "All present", "Ekari": "No fricatives", "English": "All present", "Epena Pedee": "No nasals", "Evenki": "All present", "Even": "All present", "Ewe": "All present", "Ewondo": "All present", "Eyak": "No bilabials or nasals", "Fasu": "All present", "Fe'fe'": "All present", "Fijian": "All present", "Finnish": "All present", "French": "All present", "Fulniô": "All present", "Fur": "All present", "Fuzhou": "All present", "Fyem": "All present", "Gã": "All present", "Great Andamanese": "No fricatives", "Garo": "All present", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "All present", "Gadsup": "No fricatives", "Georgian": "All present", "German": "All present", "Guahibo": "All present", "Gelao": "All present", "Guambiano": "All present", "Goajiro": "All present", "Gooniyandi": "No fricatives", "Grebo": "All present", "Greek (Modern)": "All present", "Garrwa": "No fricatives", "Greenlandic (West)": "All present", "Guaraní": "All present", "Gwari": "All present", "Hadza": "All present", "Haida": "All present", "Hakka": "All present", "Hamtai": "All present", "Hausa": "All present", "Hawaiian": "No fricatives", "Hebrew (Modern Ashkenazic)": "All present", "Hindi": "All present", "Hixkaryana": "All present", "Hmong Njua": "All present", "Hamer": "All present", "Min (Southern)": "All present", "Hopi": "All present", "Huastec": "All present", "Huitoto (Murui)": "All present", "Hungarian": "All present", "Hupa": "All present", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "All present", "Hunzib": "All present", "Iaai": "All present", "Iban": "All present", "Igbo": "All present", "Ignaciano": "All present", "Ingessana": "All present", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "All present", "Ik": "All present", "Ika": "All present", "Imonda": "All present", "Indonesian": "All present", "Ingush": "All present", "Irish (Donegal)": "All present", "Iraqw": "All present", "Irarutu": "All present", "Iranxe": "All present", "Isoko": "All present", "Itelmen": "All present", "Itonama": "All present", "Ivatan": "All present", "Iwam": "All present", "Jakaltek": "All present", "Jaqaru": "All present", "Javanese": "All present", "Jebero": "All present", "Jeh": "All present", "Jivaro": "All present", "Jingpho": "All present", "Jomang": "All present", "Japanese": "All present", "Japreria": "All present", "Ju|'hoan": "All present", "Kabardian": "All present", "Kadugli": "All present", "Kalami": "All present", "Kashmiri": "All present", "Kayardild": "No fricatives", "Koyra Chiini": "All present", "Kedang": "All present", "Kefa": "All present", "K'ekchí": "All present", "Kera": "All present", "Ket": "All present", "Kewa": "All present", "Koromfe": "All present", "Konyagi": "All present", "Kalkatungu": "No fricatives", "Kirghiz": "All present", "Khalkha": "All present", "Khmer": "All present", "Nama": "All present", "Kharia": "All present", "Khasi": "All present", "Kiowa": "All present", "Kiwai (Southern)": "All present", "Konkani": "All present", "Lusi": "All present", "Klao": "No nasals", "Klamath": "All present", "Kilivila": "All present", "Kala Lagaw Ya": "All present", "Kunimaipa": "All present", "Khmu'": "All present", "Kannada": "All present", "Kaingang": "No nasals", "Kanakuru": "All present", "Kunama": "All present", "Kanuri": "All present", "Koasati": "All present", "Kobon": "All present", "Kohumono": "All present", "Koiari": "All present", "Komo": "All present", "Korean": "All present", "Kota": "All present", "Koya": "All present", "Kpan": "No nasals", "Kpelle": "All present", "Kiribati": "No fricatives", "Kurdish (Central)": "All present", "Karok": "All present", "Krongo": "All present", "Koryak": "All present", "Koyraboro Senni": "All present", "Karen (Sgaw)": "All present", "Kisi (Southern)": "All present", "Kotoko": "All present", "Khanty": "All present", "Kullo": "All present", "Kuna": "All present", "Kurukh": "All present", "Kutenai": "All present", "Kwaio": "All present", "Kwakw'ala": "All present", "Kwoma": "All present", "Kawaiisu": "All present", "Kuku-Yalanji": "No fricatives", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "All present", "Komi-Zyrian": "All present", "Ladakhi": "All present", "Lahu": "All present", "Lak": "All present", "Lamé": "All present", "Lango": "No fricatives", "Latvian": "All present", "Lavukaleve": "All present", "Lenakel": "All present", "Lepcha": "All present", "Lezgian": "All present", "Lithuanian": "All present", "Lakkia": "All present", "Lakhota": "All present", "Lelemi": "All present", "Lü": "All present", "Lua": "All present", "Lugbara": "All present", "Luiseño": "All present", "Luo": "All present", "Lushootseed": "All present", "Luvale": "All present", "Maasai": "All present", "Maba": "All present", "Makah": "All present", "Malagasy": "All present", "Maori": "All present", "Mapudungun": "All present", "Maricopa": "All present", "Maung": "All present", "Maxakalí": "No fricatives or nasals", "Maybrat": "All present", "Mazahua": "All present", "Mba": "All present", "Mbabaram": "No fricatives", "Mbum": "All present", "Meithei": "All present", "Mangghuer": "All present", "Mien": "All present", "Maranungku": "No fricatives", "Mambila": "All present", "Malakmalak": "No fricatives", "Mari (Meadow)": "All present", "Manchu": "All present", "Mandarin": "All present", "Maidu (Northeast)": "All present", "Moghol": "All present", "Mor": "All present", "Movima": "All present", "Murrinh-Patha": "No fricatives", "Marind": "All present", "Margi": "All present", "Murle": "All present", "Maranao": "No fricatives", "Moro": "All present", "Martuthunira": "No fricatives", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "All present", "Mixe (Totontepec)": "All present", "Muinane": "All present", "Mumuye": "All present", "Mundari": "All present", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "All present", "Mixtec (Molinos)": "All present", "Ma'ya": "All present", "Mangarrayi": "No fricatives", "Mazatec (Chiquihuitlán)": "All present", "Nanai": "All present", "Nandi": "All present", "Neo-Aramaic (Persian Azerbaijan)": "All present", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "All present", "Nasioi": "All present", "Navajo": "All present", "Naxi": "All present", "Natügu": "All present", "Ndut": "All present", "Ndyuka": "All present", "Nepali": "All present", "Newari (Kathmandu)": "All present", "Nez Perce": "All present", "Nganasan": "All present", "Ngiyambaa": "All present", "Ngizim": "All present", "Nahuatl (North Puebla)": "All present", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "All present", "Nimboran": "All present", "Nyishi": "All present", "Nivkh": "All present", "Nkore-Kiga": "All present", "Nyah Kur (Tha Pong)": "All present", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "All present", "Nancowry": "All present", "Nobiin": "All present", "Noni": "All present", "Norwegian": "All present", "Ngiti": "All present", "Nenets": "All present", "Nunggubuyu": "No fricatives", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "All present", "Nuuchahnulth": "All present", "Nyangi": "All present", "Nyimang": "All present", "Ocaina": "All present", "Ogbia": "All present", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "All present", "Oneida": "No bilabials", "O'odham": "All present", "Oromo (Harar)": "All present", "Ormuri": "All present", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "All present", "Pacoh": "All present", "Páez": "All present", "Paiwan": "All present", "Paumarí": "All present", "Pawaian": "All present", "Pech": "All present", "Phlong": "All present", "Pitjantjatjara": "No fricatives", "Paamese": "All present", "Panare": "No fricatives", "Po-Ai": "All present", "Pohnpeian": "All present", "Polish": "All present", "Pirahã": "No nasals", "Persian": "All present", "Pashto": "All present", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "All present", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "All present", "Parauk": "All present", "Purépecha": "All present", "Qawasqar": "All present", "Quechua (Cochabamba)": "All present", "Quileute": "No nasals", "Rama": "All present", "Rapanui": "All present", "Resígaro": "All present", "Romanian": "All present", "Roro": "All present", "Romansch (Scharans)": "All present", "Rotokas": "No nasals", "Rukai (Tanan)": "All present", "Russian": "All present", "Rutul": "All present", "Sa'ban": "All present", "Sango": "All present", "Sáliba (in Colombia)": "All present", "Saami (Central-South)": "All present", "Sindhi": "All present", "Sandawe": "All present", "Sebei": "All present", "Sedang": "All present", "Selknam": "All present", "Shan": "All present", "Shiriana": "All present", "Shipibo-Konibo": "All present", "Shasta": "All present", "Shuswap": "All present", "Siona": "All present", "Selkup": "All present", "Slave": "All present", "Selepet": "All present", "Semelai": "All present", "Seneca": "All present", "Senadi": "All present", "Sinhala": "All present", "Sanuma": "All present", "Sentani": "All present", "Somali": "All present", "Soqotri": "All present", "Sora": "All present", "Spanish": "All present", "Squamish": "All present", "Sre": "All present", "Sirionó": "All present", "Suena": "All present", "Sui": "All present", "Supyire": "All present", "Savosavo": "All present", "Swahili": "All present", "Taba": "All present", "Tacana": "All present", "Tagalog": "All present", "Tamang (Eastern)": "All present", "Tashlhiyt": "All present", "Tehuelche": "All present", "Telugu": "All present", "Tera": "All present", "Tigak": "All present", "Tigré": "All present", "Thai": "All present", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "All present", "Ticuna": "All present", "Tiwi": "All present", "Teke (Southern)": "All present", "Tlingit": "No bilabials", "Tlapanec": "All present", "Tama": "All present", "Temein": "All present", "Tampulma": "All present", "Temne": "All present", "Toaripi": "All present", "Tarok": "All present", "Tol": "All present", "Tonkawa": "All present", "Totonac (Papantla)": "All present", "Trumai": "All present", "Tiruray": "All present", "Tausug": "All present", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "All present", "Tsou": "All present", "Tetun": "All present", "Tsova-Tush": "All present", "Tuareg (Ahaggar)": "All present", "Tukang Besi": "All present", "Tulu": "All present", "Tunica": "All present", "Turkish": "All present", "Tuvan": "All present", "Tiwa (Northern)": "All present", "Tzeltal (Aguacatenango)": "All present", "UMbundu": "All present", "Una": "All present", "Ungarinjin": "No fricatives", "Urubú-Kaapor": "All present", "Usan": "All present", "Uzbek (Northern)": "All present", "Vietnamese": "All present", "Wahgi": "No fricatives", "Wambaya": "No fricatives", "Waorani": "No fricatives", "Wappo": "All present", "Wari'": "No fricatives", "Wichí": "All present", "Western Desert (Ooldea)": "No fricatives", "Wichita": "No bilabials", "Wintu": "All present", "Wiyot": "All present", "Wolof": "All present", "West Makian": "All present", "Wik Munkan": "No fricatives", "Wantoat": "All present", "Woisika": "All present", "Wapishana": "All present", "Warao": "All present", "Wardaman": "No fricatives", "Waris": "All present", "Waray (in Australia)": "No fricatives", "Wu": "All present", "!Xóõ": "All present", "Yagua": "No fricatives", "Yana": "All present", "Yapese": "All present", "Yaqui": "All present", "Yareba": "All present", "Yawa": "All present", "Yay": "All present", "Yucuna": "All present", "Yucatec": "All present", "Yelî Dnye": "No fricatives", "Yessan-Mayo": "All present", "Yeyi": "All present", "Yagaria": "All present", "Yidiny": "No fricatives", "Yimas": "No fricatives", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "All present", "Yakut": "All present", "Yanyuwa": "No fricatives", "Yoruba": "All present", "Yukaghir (Tundra)": "All present", "Yuchi": "All present", "Yulu": "All present", "Yurok": "All present", "Yupik (Siberian)": "All present", "Zande": "All present", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "All present", "Zulu": "All present", "Zuni": "All present" }
19A
Presence of Uncommon Consonants
Phonology
Which uncommon consonants are present in the <LANGUAGE> language?
None; Clicks; Labial-velars; Pharyngeals; Th' sounds; Clicks, pharyngeals, and 'th'; Pharyngeals and 'th'
{ "Abipón": "None", "Abkhaz": "Pharyngeals", "Alabama": "None", "Aché": "None", "Achumawi": "None", "Acoma": "Th' sounds", "Andoke": "None", "Adzera": "None", "Aleut (Eastern)": "Th' sounds", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Pharyngeals", "Aghem": "Labial-velars", "Ahtna": "None", "Aikaná": "None", "Ainu": "None", "Aizi": "Labial-velars", "Akan": "None", "Akawaio": "None", "Alamblak": "None", "Albanian": "Th' sounds", "Alladian": "Labial-velars", "Alawa": "None", "Amahuaca": "Th' sounds", "Amele": "Labial-velars", "Amharic": "None", "Amo": "Labial-velars", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "None", "Amuesha": "None", "Amuzgo": "None", "Araona": "None", "Angas": "None", "//Ani": "Clicks", "Angaataha": "None", "Ao": "None", "Apinayé": "None", "Apurinã": "None", "Arabela": "None", "Archi": "Pharyngeals", "Armenian (Eastern)": "None", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "None", "Asmat": "None", "Atayal": "Pharyngeals", "Avar": "Pharyngeals", "Awngi": "None", "Awa Pit": "None", "Aymara (Central)": "None", "Azerbaijani": "None", "Bagirmi": "None", "Bai": "None", "Bajau (Sama)": "None", "Bambara": "None", "Bawm": "None", "Bobo Madaré (Northern)": "Labial-velars", "Bella Coola": "None", "Beembe": "None", "Beja": "None", "Bengali": "None", "Berta": "Th' sounds", "Bété": "Labial-velars", "Birom": "Labial-velars", "Bisa": "None", "Bakairí": "None", "Batak (Karo)": "None", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Pharyngeals", "Qaqet": "None", "Waimaha": "None", "Bodo": "None", "Brao": "Pharyngeals", "Bariba": "Labial-velars", "Bardi": "None", "Breton": "None", "Brahui": "None", "Bribri": "None", "Burmese": "Th' sounds", "Bororo": "None", "Bru (Western)": "None", "Bashkir": "Th' sounds", "Basque": "None", "Batak (Toba)": "None", "Burarra": "None", "Bulgarian": "None", "Burushaski": "None", "Bandjalang (Yugumbir)": "None", "Cacua": "None", "Caddo": "None", "Cahuilla": "None", "Camsá": "None", "Carib": "None", "Campa (Axininca)": "None", "Cayapa": "None", "Chickasaw": "None", "Cocopa": "None", "Chamorro": "None", "Cherokee": "None", "Chukchi": "None", "Chehalis (Upper)": "None", "Chipewyan": "Th' sounds", "Chinantec (Quiotepec)": "Th' sounds", "Nivacle": "None", "Chuvash": "None", "Cham (Western)": "None", "CiLuba": "None", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "None", "Comanche": "None", "Canela": "None", "Cantonese": "None", "Cofán": "None", "Coos (Hanis)": "None", "Cree (Plains)": "None", "Chatino (Sierra Occidental)": "None", "Chin (Tiddim)": "None", "Catalan": "None", "Cubeo": "Th' sounds", "Chuave": "None", "Cayuvava": "None", "Dadibi": "None", "Daga": "None", "Dahalo": "Clicks, pharyngeals, and 'th'", "Dan": "Labial-velars", "Darai": "None", "Daju (Dar Fur)": "None", "Dla (Proper)": "None", "Deti": "Clicks", "Dagbani": "Labial-velars", "Dagur": "None", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "None", "Dinka": "None", "Diola-Fogny": "None", "Diyari": "None", "Dizi": "None", "Djapu": "None", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "None", "Dangaléat (Western)": "None", "Dong (Southern)": "None", "Doyayo": "Labial-velars", "Drehu": "Th' sounds", "Toro So": "Th' sounds", "Dumo": "None", "Dyirbal": "None", "Efik": "Labial-velars", "Ejagham": "Labial-velars", "Ekari": "None", "English": "Th' sounds", "Epena Pedee": "None", "Evenki": "None", "Even": "None", "Ewe": "Labial-velars", "Ewondo": "Labial-velars", "Eyak": "None", "Fasu": "None", "Fe'fe'": "None", "Fijian": "Th' sounds", "Finnish": "None", "French": "None", "Fulniô": "None", "Fur": "None", "Fuzhou": "None", "Fyem": "None", "Gã": "Labial-velars", "Great Andamanese": "None", "Garo": "None", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "Labial-velars", "Gadsup": "None", "Georgian": "None", "German": "None", "Guahibo": "None", "Gelao": "None", "Guambiano": "None", "Goajiro": "None", "Gooniyandi": "None", "Grebo": "Labial-velars", "Greek (Modern)": "Th' sounds", "Garrwa": "None", "Greenlandic (West)": "None", "Guaraní": "None", "Gwari": "Labial-velars", "Hadza": "Clicks", "Haida": "None", "Hakka": "None", "Hamtai": "None", "Hausa": "None", "Hawaiian": "None", "Hebrew (Modern Ashkenazic)": "None", "Hindi": "None", "Hixkaryana": "None", "Hmong Njua": "None", "Hamer": "None", "Min (Southern)": "None", "Hopi": "None", "Huastec": "Th' sounds", "Huitoto (Murui)": "Th' sounds", "Hungarian": "None", "Hupa": "None", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "Th' sounds", "Hunzib": "Pharyngeals", "Iaai": "Th' sounds", "Iban": "None", "Igbo": "Labial-velars", "Ignaciano": "None", "Ingessana": "Th' sounds", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "Labial-velars", "Ik": "None", "Ika": "None", "Imonda": "None", "Indonesian": "None", "Ingush": "Pharyngeals", "Irish (Donegal)": "None", "Iraqw": "Pharyngeals", "Irarutu": "None", "Iranxe": "None", "Isoko": "Labial-velars", "Itelmen": "None", "Itonama": "None", "Ivatan": "None", "Iwam": "None", "Jakaltek": "None", "Jaqaru": "None", "Javanese": "None", "Jebero": "None", "Jeh": "None", "Jivaro": "None", "Jingpho": "None", "Jomang": "None", "Japanese": "None", "Japreria": "None", "Ju|'hoan": "Clicks", "Kabardian": "Pharyngeals and 'th'", "Kadugli": "None", "Kalami": "None", "Kashmiri": "None", "Kayardild": "None", "Koyra Chiini": "None", "Kedang": "None", "Kefa": "None", "K'ekchí": "None", "Kera": "None", "Ket": "None", "Kewa": "None", "Koromfe": "None", "Konyagi": "None", "Kalkatungu": "None", "Kirghiz": "None", "Khalkha": "None", "Khmer": "None", "Nama": "Clicks", "Kharia": "None", "Khasi": "None", "Kiowa": "None", "Kiwai (Southern)": "None", "Konkani": "None", "Lusi": "None", "Klao": "Labial-velars", "Klamath": "None", "Kilivila": "None", "Kala Lagaw Ya": "None", "Kunimaipa": "None", "Khmu'": "None", "Kannada": "None", "Kaingang": "None", "Kanakuru": "None", "Kunama": "None", "Kanuri": "None", "Koasati": "None", "Kobon": "None", "Kohumono": "Labial-velars", "Koiari": "None", "Komo": "None", "Korean": "None", "Kota": "None", "Koya": "None", "Kpan": "Labial-velars", "Kpelle": "Labial-velars", "Kiribati": "None", "Kurdish (Central)": "Pharyngeals", "Karok": "None", "Krongo": "None", "Koryak": "None", "Koyraboro Senni": "None", "Karen (Sgaw)": "Th' sounds", "Kisi (Southern)": "Labial-velars", "Kotoko": "Labial-velars", "Khanty": "None", "Kullo": "None", "Kuna": "None", "Kurukh": "None", "Kutenai": "None", "Kwaio": "None", "Kwakw'ala": "None", "Kwoma": "None", "Kawaiisu": "None", "Kuku-Yalanji": "None", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "None", "Komi-Zyrian": "None", "Ladakhi": "None", "Lahu": "None", "Lak": "Pharyngeals", "Lamé": "None", "Lango": "None", "Latvian": "None", "Lavukaleve": "None", "Lenakel": "None", "Lepcha": "None", "Lezgian": "None", "Lithuanian": "None", "Lakkia": "Th' sounds", "Lakhota": "None", "Lelemi": "Labial-velars", "Lü": "None", "Lua": "None", "Lugbara": "Labial-velars", "Luiseño": "None", "Luo": "None", "Lushootseed": "None", "Luvale": "None", "Maasai": "None", "Maba": "None", "Makah": "None", "Malagasy": "None", "Maori": "None", "Mapudungun": "Th' sounds", "Maricopa": "Th' sounds", "Maung": "None", "Maxakalí": "None", "Maybrat": "None", "Mazahua": "None", "Mba": "Labial-velars", "Mbabaram": "None", "Mbum": "Labial-velars", "Meithei": "None", "Mangghuer": "None", "Mien": "None", "Maranungku": "None", "Mambila": "None", "Malakmalak": "None", "Mari (Meadow)": "Th' sounds", "Manchu": "None", "Mandarin": "None", "Maidu (Northeast)": "None", "Moghol": "None", "Mor": "None", "Movima": "None", "Murrinh-Patha": "None", "Marind": "None", "Margi": "None", "Murle": "Th' sounds", "Maranao": "None", "Moro": "Th' sounds", "Martuthunira": "None", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "None", "Mixe (Totontepec)": "None", "Muinane": "None", "Mumuye": "Labial-velars", "Mundari": "None", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Th' sounds", "Mixtec (Molinos)": "Th' sounds", "Ma'ya": "None", "Mangarrayi": "None", "Mazatec (Chiquihuitlán)": "None", "Nanai": "None", "Nandi": "None", "Neo-Aramaic (Persian Azerbaijan)": "None", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "None", "Nasioi": "None", "Navajo": "None", "Naxi": "None", "Natügu": "None", "Ndut": "None", "Ndyuka": "None", "Nepali": "None", "Newari (Kathmandu)": "None", "Nez Perce": "None", "Nganasan": "Th' sounds", "Ngiyambaa": "Th' sounds", "Ngizim": "None", "Nahuatl (North Puebla)": "None", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "None", "Nimboran": "None", "Nyishi": "None", "Nivkh": "None", "Nkore-Kiga": "None", "Nyah Kur (Tha Pong)": "None", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "None", "Nancowry": "None", "Nobiin": "None", "Noni": "None", "Norwegian": "None", "Ngiti": "Labial-velars", "Nenets": "Pharyngeals and 'th'", "Nunggubuyu": "None", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "None", "Nuuchahnulth": "Pharyngeals", "Nyangi": "None", "Nyimang": "None", "Ocaina": "None", "Ogbia": "Labial-velars", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "None", "Oneida": "None", "O'odham": "None", "Oromo (Harar)": "None", "Ormuri": "None", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Th' sounds", "Pacoh": "None", "Páez": "None", "Paiwan": "None", "Paumarí": "None", "Pawaian": "None", "Pech": "None", "Phlong": "None", "Pitjantjatjara": "None", "Paamese": "None", "Panare": "None", "Po-Ai": "None", "Pohnpeian": "None", "Polish": "None", "Pirahã": "None", "Persian": "None", "Pashto": "None", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "None", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "None", "Parauk": "None", "Purépecha": "None", "Qawasqar": "None", "Quechua (Cochabamba)": "Th' sounds", "Quileute": "None", "Rama": "None", "Rapanui": "None", "Resígaro": "None", "Romanian": "None", "Roro": "None", "Romansch (Scharans)": "None", "Rotokas": "Th' sounds", "Rukai (Tanan)": "Th' sounds", "Russian": "None", "Rutul": "Pharyngeals", "Sa'ban": "None", "Sango": "Labial-velars", "Sáliba (in Colombia)": "None", "Saami (Central-South)": "None", "Sindhi": "None", "Sandawe": "Clicks", "Sebei": "None", "Sedang": "None", "Selknam": "None", "Shan": "None", "Shiriana": "None", "Shipibo-Konibo": "None", "Shasta": "None", "Shuswap": "None", "Siona": "None", "Selkup": "None", "Slave": "None", "Selepet": "None", "Semelai": "None", "Seneca": "None", "Senadi": "Labial-velars", "Sinhala": "None", "Sanuma": "None", "Sentani": "None", "Somali": "Pharyngeals", "Soqotri": "Pharyngeals", "Sora": "None", "Spanish": "Th' sounds", "Squamish": "Pharyngeals", "Sre": "None", "Sirionó": "None", "Suena": "None", "Sui": "None", "Supyire": "None", "Savosavo": "None", "Swahili": "Th' sounds", "Taba": "None", "Tacana": "Th' sounds", "Tagalog": "None", "Tamang (Eastern)": "None", "Tashlhiyt": "Pharyngeals", "Tehuelche": "None", "Telugu": "None", "Tera": "None", "Tigak": "None", "Tigré": "Pharyngeals", "Thai": "None", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "None", "Ticuna": "None", "Tiwi": "None", "Teke (Southern)": "None", "Tlingit": "None", "Tlapanec": "None", "Tama": "Pharyngeals", "Temein": "None", "Tampulma": "Labial-velars", "Temne": "Labial-velars", "Toaripi": "None", "Tarok": "Labial-velars", "Tol": "None", "Tonkawa": "None", "Totonac (Papantla)": "None", "Trumai": "None", "Tiruray": "None", "Tausug": "None", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "None", "Tsou": "None", "Tetun": "None", "Tsova-Tush": "Pharyngeals", "Tuareg (Ahaggar)": "None", "Tukang Besi": "None", "Tulu": "None", "Tunica": "None", "Turkish": "None", "Tuvan": "None", "Tiwa (Northern)": "None", "Tzeltal (Aguacatenango)": "None", "UMbundu": "None", "Una": "None", "Ungarinjin": "None", "Urubú-Kaapor": "None", "Usan": "None", "Uzbek (Northern)": "None", "Vietnamese": "None", "Wahgi": "None", "Wambaya": "None", "Waorani": "None", "Wappo": "None", "Wari'": "None", "Wichí": "None", "Western Desert (Ooldea)": "None", "Wichita": "None", "Wintu": "None", "Wiyot": "None", "Wolof": "None", "West Makian": "None", "Wik Munkan": "None", "Wantoat": "None", "Woisika": "None", "Wapishana": "None", "Warao": "None", "Wardaman": "None", "Waris": "None", "Waray (in Australia)": "None", "Wu": "None", "!Xóõ": "Clicks", "Yagua": "None", "Yana": "None", "Yapese": "Th' sounds", "Yaqui": "None", "Yareba": "None", "Yawa": "None", "Yay": "Th' sounds", "Yucuna": "None", "Yucatec": "None", "Yelî Dnye": "Labial-velars", "Yessan-Mayo": "None", "Yeyi": "Clicks", "Yagaria": "None", "Yidiny": "None", "Yimas": "None", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "None", "Yakut": "None", "Yanyuwa": "None", "Yoruba": "Labial-velars", "Yukaghir (Tundra)": "None", "Yuchi": "None", "Yulu": "Labial-velars", "Yurok": "None", "Yupik (Siberian)": "None", "Zande": "Labial-velars", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "None", "Zulu": "Clicks", "Zuni": "None" }
20A
Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives
Morphology
Which types of fusion of selected inflectional formatives are present in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Exclusively concatenative; Exclusively isolating; Exclusively tonal; Tonal/isolating; Tonal/concatenative; Ablaut/concatenative; Isolating/concatenative
{ "Abipón": "Exclusively concatenative", "Abkhaz": "Exclusively concatenative", "Acoma": "Exclusively concatenative", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Ablaut/concatenative", "Alamblak": "Exclusively concatenative", "Amele": "Exclusively concatenative", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "Exclusively concatenative", "Araona": "Exclusively concatenative", "Apurinã": "Exclusively concatenative", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Exclusively concatenative", "Asmat": "Exclusively concatenative", "Atakapa": "Exclusively concatenative", "Awa Pit": "Exclusively concatenative", "Aymara (Central)": "Exclusively concatenative", "Bagirmi": "Exclusively concatenative", "Bininj Gun-Wok": "Exclusively concatenative", "Beja": "Ablaut/concatenative", "Belhare": "Exclusively concatenative", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Ablaut/concatenative", "Bandjalang": "Exclusively concatenative", "Brahui": "Exclusively concatenative", "Burmese": "Exclusively concatenative", "Barasano": "Exclusively concatenative", "Basque": "Exclusively concatenative", "Burushaski": "Exclusively concatenative", "Cahuilla": "Exclusively concatenative", "Cocopa": "Exclusively concatenative", "Chamorro": "Isolating/concatenative", "Chukchi": "Exclusively concatenative", "Chontal (Highland)": "Exclusively concatenative", "Chinook (Upper)": "Exclusively concatenative", "Canela": "Exclusively concatenative", "Coos (Hanis)": "Exclusively concatenative", "Cree (Plains)": "Isolating/concatenative", "Cayuvava": "Exclusively concatenative", "Daga": "Exclusively concatenative", "Digaro": "Exclusively concatenative", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Exclusively concatenative", "Ekari": "Exclusively concatenative", "English": "Exclusively concatenative", "Epena Pedee": "Exclusively concatenative", "Evenki": "Exclusively concatenative", "Fijian": "Exclusively isolating", "Finnish": "Exclusively concatenative", "French": "Exclusively concatenative", "Garo": "Exclusively concatenative", "Georgian": "Exclusively concatenative", "German": "Exclusively concatenative", "Gooniyandi": "Isolating/concatenative", "Grebo": "Exclusively concatenative", "Greek (Modern)": "Exclusively concatenative", "Greenlandic (West)": "Exclusively concatenative", "Guaraní": "Exclusively concatenative", "Haida": "Exclusively concatenative", "Hatam": "Exclusively concatenative", "Hausa": "Exclusively isolating", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Ablaut/concatenative", "Hindi": "Exclusively concatenative", "Hixkaryana": "Exclusively concatenative", "Hmong Njua": "Exclusively isolating", "Hungarian": "Exclusively concatenative", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "Exclusively concatenative", "Hunzib": "Exclusively concatenative", "Iau": "Exclusively tonal", "Imonda": "Exclusively concatenative", "Indonesian": "Exclusively isolating", "Ingush": "Exclusively concatenative", "Jakaltek": "Exclusively concatenative", "Jeli": "Exclusively isolating", "Japanese": "Exclusively concatenative", "Kayardild": "Exclusively concatenative", "Koyra Chiini": "Exclusively isolating", "Ket": "Exclusively concatenative", "Kewa": "Exclusively concatenative", "Khalkha": "Exclusively concatenative", "Nama": "Isolating/concatenative", "Khasi": "Exclusively isolating", "Kiowa": "Exclusively concatenative", "Kisi": "Exclusively tonal", "Kiwai (Southern)": "Exclusively concatenative", "Kannada": "Exclusively concatenative", "Kunama": "Isolating/concatenative", "Koasati": "Exclusively concatenative", "Koiari": "Exclusively concatenative", "Korean": "Exclusively concatenative", "Kipea": "Exclusively isolating", "Karok": "Exclusively concatenative", "Krongo": "Exclusively concatenative", "Kutenai": "Exclusively concatenative", "Lahu": "Exclusively isolating", "Lai": "Exclusively isolating", "Lango": "Exclusively tonal", "Lavukaleve": "Exclusively concatenative", "Lezgian": "Exclusively concatenative", "Lakhota": "Isolating/concatenative", "Lugbara": "Ablaut/concatenative", "Luvale": "Exclusively concatenative", "Maasai": "Tonal/concatenative", "Malagasy": "Exclusively concatenative", "Maori": "Isolating/concatenative", "Mapudungun": "Exclusively concatenative", "Maricopa": "Exclusively concatenative", "Maung": "Exclusively concatenative", "Maybrat": "Exclusively concatenative", "Meithei": "Exclusively concatenative", "Mandarin": "Isolating/concatenative", "Motuna": "Exclusively concatenative", "Martuthunira": "Exclusively concatenative", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Exclusively concatenative", "Mundari": "Exclusively concatenative", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Exclusively concatenative", "Mangarrayi": "Exclusively concatenative", "Nahali": "Exclusively concatenative", "Nandi": "Tonal/concatenative", "Navajo": "Exclusively concatenative", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Exclusively concatenative", "Ngiyambaa": "Exclusively concatenative", "Nivkh": "Exclusively concatenative", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "Exclusively concatenative", "Nenets": "Exclusively concatenative", "Oneida": "Exclusively concatenative", "Oromo (Harar)": "Exclusively concatenative", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Exclusively concatenative", "Paiwan": "Isolating/concatenative", "Pirahã": "Exclusively concatenative", "Persian": "Exclusively concatenative", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Exclusively concatenative", "Purépecha": "Exclusively concatenative", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Exclusively concatenative", "Rama": "Exclusively concatenative", "Rapanui": "Exclusively isolating", "Russian": "Exclusively concatenative", "Sango": "Exclusively concatenative", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Exclusively concatenative", "Slave": "Exclusively concatenative", "Sanuma": "Exclusively concatenative", "Spanish": "Exclusively concatenative", "Squamish": "Exclusively concatenative", "Supyire": "Exclusively isolating", "Swahili": "Exclusively concatenative", "Tagalog": "Exclusively concatenative", "Tera": "Exclusively isolating", "Thai": "Isolating/concatenative", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "Exclusively concatenative", "Tiwi": "Exclusively concatenative", "Tlingit": "Exclusively concatenative", "Totonac (Misantla)": "Exclusively concatenative", "Trumai": "Isolating/concatenative", "Tukang Besi": "Isolating/concatenative", "Turkish": "Exclusively concatenative", "Vietnamese": "Exclusively isolating", "Wari'": "Exclusively isolating", "Wichí": "Exclusively isolating", "Wembawemba": "Exclusively concatenative", "Wichita": "Exclusively concatenative", "Warao": "Isolating/concatenative", "Wardaman": "Exclusively concatenative", "Warembori": "Exclusively concatenative", "Yagua": "Exclusively concatenative", "Yaqui": "Exclusively concatenative", "Yidiny": "Exclusively concatenative", "Yoruba": "Tonal/isolating", "Yurok": "Exclusively concatenative", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Exclusively concatenative", "Zulu": "Exclusively concatenative" }
21A
Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives
Morphology
What is the exponence of selected inflectional formatives in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Monoexponential case; Case + number; Case + referentiality; Case + tense-aspect-mood; No case
{ "Abipón": "No case", "Abkhaz": "No case", "Acoma": "No case", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "No case", "Alamblak": "No case", "Amele": "No case", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "Monoexponential case", "Araona": "Monoexponential case", "Apurinã": "No case", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "No case", "Asmat": "No case", "Atakapa": "No case", "Awa Pit": "Monoexponential case", "Aymara (Central)": "Monoexponential case", "Bagirmi": "No case", "Bininj Gun-Wok": "No case", "Beja": "Monoexponential case", "Belhare": "Monoexponential case", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Monoexponential case", "Bandjalang": "Monoexponential case", "Brahui": "Monoexponential case", "Burmese": "Monoexponential case", "Bororo": "No case", "Barasano": "Monoexponential case", "Basque": "Monoexponential case", "Burushaski": "Monoexponential case", "Cahuilla": "Monoexponential case", "Cocopa": "Monoexponential case", "Chamorro": "No case", "Chukchi": "Case + number", "Chontal (Highland)": "No case", "Chinook (Upper)": "No case", "Canela": "No case", "Cree (Plains)": "Case + referentiality", "Cayuvava": "No case", "Daga": "No case", "Digaro": "Monoexponential case", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "No case", "Ekari": "No case", "English": "No case", "Epena Pedee": "Monoexponential case", "Evenki": "Case + referentiality", "Fijian": "No case", "Finnish": "Case + number", "French": "No case", "Garo": "Monoexponential case", "Georgian": "Monoexponential case", "German": "Case + number", "Gooniyandi": "Monoexponential case", "Grebo": "No case", "Greek (Modern)": "Case + number", "Greenlandic (West)": "Case + number", "Guaraní": "No case", "Haida": "No case", "Hatam": "No case", "Hausa": "No case", "Hebrew (Modern)": "No case", "Hindi": "Monoexponential case", "Hixkaryana": "No case", "Hmong Njua": "No case", "Hungarian": "Monoexponential case", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "No case", "Hunzib": "Monoexponential case", "Iau": "No case", "Imonda": "Monoexponential case", "Indonesian": "No case", "Ingush": "Monoexponential case", "Jakaltek": "No case", "Jeli": "No case", "Japanese": "Monoexponential case", "Kayardild": "Case + tense-aspect-mood", "Koyra Chiini": "No case", "Ket": "No case", "Kewa": "Monoexponential case", "Khalkha": "Monoexponential case", "Nama": "Monoexponential case", "Khasi": "Monoexponential case", "Kiowa": "No case", "Kisi": "No case", "Kiwai (Southern)": "No case", "Kannada": "Monoexponential case", "Kunama": "Monoexponential case", "Koasati": "Monoexponential case", "Koiari": "No case", "Korean": "Monoexponential case", "Karok": "No case", "Krongo": "No case", "Kutenai": "Case + referentiality", "Lahu": "Monoexponential case", "Lai": "Monoexponential case", "Lango": "No case", "Lavukaleve": "No case", "Lezgian": "Monoexponential case", "Lakhota": "No case", "Lugbara": "Case + tense-aspect-mood", "Luvale": "No case", "Maasai": "Monoexponential case", "Malagasy": "Monoexponential case", "Maori": "Monoexponential case", "Mapudungun": "No case", "Maricopa": "Monoexponential case", "Maung": "No case", "Maybrat": "No case", "Meithei": "Monoexponential case", "Mandarin": "Monoexponential case", "Margi": "No case", "Martuthunira": "Monoexponential case", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Monoexponential case", "Mundari": "Monoexponential case", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "No case", "Mangarrayi": "Monoexponential case", "Nahali": "Monoexponential case", "Nandi": "Monoexponential case", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Monoexponential case", "Ngiyambaa": "Monoexponential case", "Nivkh": "No case", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "No case", "Nenets": "Case + number", "Oneida": "No case", "Oromo (Harar)": "Monoexponential case", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "No case", "Paiwan": "Case + referentiality", "Pirahã": "No case", "Persian": "Monoexponential case", "Purépecha": "Monoexponential case", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Monoexponential case", "Rama": "Monoexponential case", "Rapanui": "Monoexponential case", "Russian": "Case + number", "Sango": "No case", "Slave": "No case", "Sanuma": "Monoexponential case", "Spanish": "Monoexponential case", "Squamish": "Monoexponential case", "Supyire": "No case", "Swahili": "No case", "Tagalog": "Case + referentiality", "Tera": "No case", "Thai": "No case", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "Monoexponential case", "Tiwi": "No case", "Tlingit": "Monoexponential case", "Totonac (Misantla)": "No case", "Trumai": "Monoexponential case", "Tukang Besi": "Case + referentiality", "Turkish": "Monoexponential case", "Vietnamese": "No case", "Wari'": "No case", "Wichí": "No case", "Wembawemba": "Monoexponential case", "Wichita": "Monoexponential case", "Warao": "Monoexponential case", "Wardaman": "Monoexponential case", "Warembori": "No case", "Yagua": "No case", "Yaqui": "Case + number", "Yidiny": "Monoexponential case", "Yoruba": "Monoexponential case", "Yuchi": "No case", "Yurok": "No case", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Monoexponential case", "Zulu": "No case" }
21B
Exponence of Tense-Aspect-Mood Inflection
Morphology
What is the exponence of tense-aspect-mood formatives in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood; Tense-aspect-mood + agreement; Tense-aspect-mood + agreement + diathesis; Tense-aspect-mood + agreement + construct; Tense-aspect-mood + polarity; No tense-aspect-mood
{ "Abipón": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Abkhaz": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Acoma": "Tense-aspect-mood + agreement", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Tense-aspect-mood + agreement + diathesis", "Alamblak": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Amele": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Araona": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Apurinã": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Asmat": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Atakapa": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Awa Pit": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Aymara (Central)": "Tense-aspect-mood + agreement", "Bagirmi": "Tense-aspect-mood + agreement", "Bininj Gun-Wok": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Beja": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Belhare": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Bandjalang": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Brahui": "Tense-aspect-mood + agreement", "Burmese": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Bororo": "No tense-aspect-mood", "Barasano": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Basque": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Burushaski": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Chamorro": "Tense-aspect-mood + agreement", "Chukchi": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Chontal (Highland)": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Chinook (Upper)": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Canela": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Cree (Plains)": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Cayuvava": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Daga": "Tense-aspect-mood + agreement", "Digaro": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Ekari": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "English": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Epena Pedee": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Evenki": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Fijian": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Finnish": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "French": "Tense-aspect-mood + agreement", "Garo": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Georgian": "Tense-aspect-mood + agreement", "German": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Gooniyandi": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Grebo": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Greek (Modern)": "Tense-aspect-mood + agreement + diathesis", "Greenlandic (West)": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Guaraní": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Haida": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Hatam": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Hausa": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Tense-aspect-mood + agreement + diathesis", "Hindi": "Tense-aspect-mood + agreement", "Hixkaryana": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Hmong Njua": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Hungarian": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "Tense-aspect-mood + agreement", "Hunzib": "Tense-aspect-mood + polarity", "Iau": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Imonda": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Indonesian": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Ingush": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Jakaltek": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Jeli": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Japanese": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Kayardild": "Tense-aspect-mood + polarity", "Koyra Chiini": "Tense-aspect-mood + polarity", "Ket": "Tense-aspect-mood + agreement", "Kewa": "Tense-aspect-mood + agreement + diathesis", "Khalkha": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Nama": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Khasi": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Kiowa": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Kisi": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Kiwai (Southern)": "Tense-aspect-mood + agreement", "Kannada": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Kunama": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Koasati": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Koiari": "Tense-aspect-mood + agreement", "Korean": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Karok": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Krongo": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Kutenai": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Lahu": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Lai": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Lango": "Tense-aspect-mood + agreement + construct", "Lavukaleve": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Lezgian": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Lakhota": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Lugbara": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Luvale": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Maasai": "Tense-aspect-mood + polarity", "Malagasy": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Maori": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Mapudungun": "Tense-aspect-mood + agreement", "Maricopa": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Maung": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Maybrat": "No tense-aspect-mood", "Meithei": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Mandarin": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Margi": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Martuthunira": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Mundari": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Mangarrayi": "Tense-aspect-mood + polarity", "Nahali": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Nandi": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Ngiyambaa": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Nivkh": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Nenets": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Oneida": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Oromo (Harar)": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Tense-aspect-mood + agreement", "Paiwan": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Pirahã": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Persian": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Purépecha": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Rama": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Rapanui": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Russian": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Sango": "No tense-aspect-mood", "Slave": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Sanuma": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Spanish": "Tense-aspect-mood + agreement", "Squamish": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Supyire": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Swahili": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Tagalog": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Tera": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Thai": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "Tense-aspect-mood + agreement", "Tiwi": "No tense-aspect-mood", "Tlingit": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Totonac (Misantla)": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Trumai": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Tukang Besi": "Tense-aspect-mood + agreement", "Turkish": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Vietnamese": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Wari'": "Tense-aspect-mood + agreement", "Wichí": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Wembawemba": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Wichita": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Warao": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Wardaman": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Warembori": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Yagua": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Yaqui": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Yidiny": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Yoruba": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Yuchi": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Yurok": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood", "Zulu": "Monoexponential tense-aspect-mood" }
22A
Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb
Morphology
What is the level of inflectional synthesis of the verb in the <LANGUAGE> language?
0-1 category per word; 2-3 categories per word; 4-5 categories per word; 6-7 categories per word; 8-9 categories per word; 10-11 categories per word; 12-13 categories per word
{ "Abkhaz": "10-11 categories per word", "Acoma": "4-5 categories per word", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "6-7 categories per word", "Ainu": "4-5 categories per word", "Alamblak": "10-11 categories per word", "Amele": "6-7 categories per word", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "4-5 categories per word", "Apurinã": "6-7 categories per word", "Armenian (Eastern)": "2-3 categories per word", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "4-5 categories per word", "Adyghe (Shapsugh)": "8-9 categories per word", "Asmat": "4-5 categories per word", "Atakapa": "8-9 categories per word", "Awa Pit": "8-9 categories per word", "Aymara (Central)": "8-9 categories per word", "Bagirmi": "6-7 categories per word", "Beja": "4-5 categories per word", "Belhare": "6-7 categories per word", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "6-7 categories per word", "Brahui": "2-3 categories per word", "Burmese": "2-3 categories per word", "Bororo": "4-5 categories per word", "Barasano": "4-5 categories per word", "Basque": "4-5 categories per word", "Burushaski": "8-9 categories per word", "Chamorro": "6-7 categories per word", "Chukchi": "4-5 categories per word", "Chinook (Upper)": "10-11 categories per word", "Canela": "4-5 categories per word", "Cree (Plains)": "6-7 categories per word", "Cayuvava": "6-7 categories per word", "Daga": "8-9 categories per word", "Digaro": "4-5 categories per word", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "6-7 categories per word", "Ekari": "4-5 categories per word", "English": "2-3 categories per word", "Epena Pedee": "4-5 categories per word", "Evenki": "6-7 categories per word", "Fijian": "6-7 categories per word", "Finnish": "2-3 categories per word", "French": "4-5 categories per word", "Garo": "2-3 categories per word", "Georgian": "8-9 categories per word", "German": "2-3 categories per word", "Gooniyandi": "6-7 categories per word", "Grebo": "6-7 categories per word", "Greek (Modern)": "4-5 categories per word", "Greenlandic (West)": "4-5 categories per word", "Guaraní": "4-5 categories per word", "Haida": "8-9 categories per word", "Hatam": "2-3 categories per word", "Hausa": "6-7 categories per word", "Hebrew (Modern)": "4-5 categories per word", "Hindi": "2-3 categories per word", "Hixkaryana": "4-5 categories per word", "Hmong Njua": "2-3 categories per word", "Hungarian": "4-5 categories per word", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "4-5 categories per word", "Hunzib": "6-7 categories per word", "Imonda": "10-11 categories per word", "Indonesian": "4-5 categories per word", "Ingush": "10-11 categories per word", "Jakaltek": "4-5 categories per word", "Japanese": "4-5 categories per word", "Kayardild": "4-5 categories per word", "Koyra Chiini": "2-3 categories per word", "Ket": "2-3 categories per word", "Kewa": "6-7 categories per word", "Khalkha": "2-3 categories per word", "Nama": "6-7 categories per word", "Khasi": "4-5 categories per word", "Kiowa": "8-9 categories per word", "Kisi": "2-3 categories per word", "Kannada": "2-3 categories per word", "Koasati": "12-13 categories per word", "Korean": "6-7 categories per word", "Karok": "8-9 categories per word", "Krongo": "4-5 categories per word", "Karen (Sgaw)": "2-3 categories per word", "Kutenai": "4-5 categories per word", "Lai": "8-9 categories per word", "Lango": "6-7 categories per word", "Lavukaleve": "4-5 categories per word", "Lezgian": "2-3 categories per word", "Lakhota": "10-11 categories per word", "Luvale": "8-9 categories per word", "Maasai": "6-7 categories per word", "Malagasy": "4-5 categories per word", "Mapudungun": "8-9 categories per word", "Maricopa": "8-9 categories per word", "Maung": "4-5 categories per word", "Maybrat": "0-1 category per word", "Meithei": "4-5 categories per word", "Mandarin": "0-1 category per word", "Martuthunira": "2-3 categories per word", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "4-5 categories per word", "Mundari": "6-7 categories per word", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "4-5 categories per word", "Mangarrayi": "6-7 categories per word", "Nahali": "0-1 category per word", "Nandi": "4-5 categories per word", "Nicobarese (Car)": "6-7 categories per word", "Ngiyambaa": "4-5 categories per word", "Nivkh": "8-9 categories per word", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "8-9 categories per word", "Nisgha": "4-5 categories per word", "Nenets": "2-3 categories per word", "Oneida": "8-9 categories per word", "Oromo (Harar)": "6-7 categories per word", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "8-9 categories per word", "Paiwan": "4-5 categories per word", "Pipil": "4-5 categories per word", "Pirahã": "8-9 categories per word", "Persian": "4-5 categories per word", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "4-5 categories per word", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "8-9 categories per word", "Rama": "2-3 categories per word", "Rapanui": "8-9 categories per word", "Russian": "4-5 categories per word", "Sango": "0-1 category per word", "Shipibo-Konibo": "6-7 categories per word", "Slave": "8-9 categories per word", "Sanuma": "4-5 categories per word", "Spanish": "4-5 categories per word", "Squamish": "8-9 categories per word", "Supyire": "2-3 categories per word", "Swahili": "4-5 categories per word", "Tagalog": "2-3 categories per word", "Thai": "2-3 categories per word", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "4-5 categories per word", "Tiwi": "4-5 categories per word", "Trumai": "8-9 categories per word", "Tukang Besi": "6-7 categories per word", "Turkish": "6-7 categories per word", "Vietnamese": "0-1 category per word", "Wari'": "4-5 categories per word", "Wichí": "2-3 categories per word", "Wichita": "12-13 categories per word", "Warao": "4-5 categories per word", "Yagua": "10-11 categories per word", "Yaqui": "4-5 categories per word", "Yoruba": "6-7 categories per word", "Yurok": "6-7 categories per word", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "6-7 categories per word", "Zulu": "4-5 categories per word" }
23A
Locus of Marking in the Clause
Morphology
What is the locus of marking in transitive clauses in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Patient is head-marked; Patient is dependent-marked; Patient is double-marked; Patient has no marking; Other types
{ "Abkhaz": "Patient is head-marked", "Acehnese": "Patient is head-marked", "Acoma": "Patient is head-marked", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Patient has no marking", "Ainu": "Patient has no marking", "Alamblak": "Patient is head-marked", "Ambulas": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Amele": "Patient is head-marked", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Anêm": "Patient is head-marked", "Apurinã": "Patient is head-marked", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Patient is head-marked", "Asmat": "Patient is head-marked", "Atakapa": "Patient is head-marked", "Awa Pit": "Patient is double-marked", "Awtuw": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Aymara (Central)": "Patient is double-marked", "Bagirmi": "Patient is head-marked", "Bininj Gun-Wok": "Patient is head-marked", "Beja": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Belhare": "Patient is double-marked", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Brahui": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Bribri": "Patient has no marking", "Burmese": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Bororo": "Patient is head-marked", "Barasano": "Patient is double-marked", "Basque": "Patient is double-marked", "Burushaski": "Patient is double-marked", "Buru": "Patient has no marking", "Bauzi": "Patient has no marking", "Cocopa": "Patient is double-marked", "Chamorro": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Chukchi": "Patient is double-marked", "Chontal (Highland)": "Patient is head-marked", "Chayahuita": "Patient is double-marked", "Chumash (Ineseño)": "Patient is head-marked", "Chichimeca-Jonaz": "Patient is head-marked", "Chinook (Upper)": "Patient is head-marked", "Canela": "Patient is head-marked", "Coos (Hanis)": "Patient is head-marked", "Cree (Plains)": "Patient is head-marked", "Chitimacha": "Patient is head-marked", "Cayuvava": "Patient has no marking", "Daga": "Patient is head-marked", "Diyari": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Dizi": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Djingili": "Patient is double-marked", "Djapu": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Patient is head-marked", "Dumo": "Patient has no marking", "Dyirbal": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Ekari": "Patient is head-marked", "English": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Epena Pedee": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Evenki": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Ewe": "Patient has no marking", "Fijian": "Patient is head-marked", "Finnish": "Patient is dependent-marked", "French": "Patient has no marking", "Fur": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Georgian": "Patient is double-marked", "German": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Gününa Küne": "Patient has no marking", "Gumuz": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Gooniyandi": "Patient is double-marked", "Grebo": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Greek (Modern)": "Patient is double-marked", "Garrwa": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Greenlandic (West)": "Patient is double-marked", "Guaraní": "Patient is head-marked", "Haida": "Patient has no marking", "Hatam": "Patient has no marking", "Hausa": "Patient is double-marked", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Hindi": "Patient is double-marked", "Hixkaryana": "Patient is head-marked", "Hmong Njua": "Patient has no marking", "Hua": "Patient is double-marked", "Hungarian": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "Patient is head-marked", "Iau": "Patient has no marking", "Icelandic": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "Patient has no marking", "Ik": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Ika": "Patient has no marking", "Imonda": "Patient is double-marked", "Indonesian": "Patient has no marking", "Ingush": "Patient is double-marked", "Jakaltek": "Patient is head-marked", "Jeli": "Patient has no marking", "Jivaro": "Patient is double-marked", "Japanese": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Ju|'hoan": "Patient has no marking", "Kayardild": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Koyra Chiini": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Ket": "Patient is head-marked", "Kewa": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Khalkha": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Nama": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Kimaghama": "Patient is head-marked", "Kiowa": "Patient is head-marked", "Kisi": "Patient has no marking", "Kui (in Indonesia)": "Patient is head-marked", "Kirikiri": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Kombai": "Patient has no marking", "Kannada": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Kunama": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Kanum (Ngkâlmpw)": "Patient is double-marked", "Kanuri": "Patient is double-marked", "Koasati": "Patient is double-marked", "Kobon": "Patient has no marking", "Korean": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Kipea": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Karok": "Patient is head-marked", "Krongo": "Patient has no marking", "Kutenai": "Patient is double-marked", "Lai": "Patient is double-marked", "Lango": "Patient is head-marked", "Lavukaleve": "Patient is head-marked", "Lezgian": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Lakhota": "Patient is head-marked", "Lamaholot": "Patient has no marking", "Lugbara": "Patient has no marking", "Luvale": "Patient is head-marked", "Maithili": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Malagasy": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Maori": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Mapudungun": "Patient is double-marked", "Maricopa": "Patient is double-marked", "Maung": "Patient is head-marked", "Maybrat": "Patient has no marking", "Meithei": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Miskito": "Patient has no marking", "Malakmalak": "Other types", "Mandarin": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Motuna": "Patient is double-marked", "Murrinh-Patha": "Patient is double-marked", "Marrithiyel": "Patient is head-marked", "Martuthunira": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Patient is double-marked", "Mundari": "Patient is double-marked", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Patient has no marking", "Mangarrayi": "Patient is double-marked", "Nahali": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Natchez": "Patient is head-marked", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Nicobarese (Car)": "Patient has no marking", "Nepali": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Ngiyambaa": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Nivkh": "Patient is head-marked", "Nakkara": "Patient is head-marked", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "Patient is head-marked", "Nisgha": "Patient is head-marked", "Ngaanyatjarra": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Nenets": "Patient is double-marked", "Nunggubuyu": "Patient is double-marked", "Nuuchahnulth": "Patient has no marking", "Nyigina": "Patient is double-marked", "Oneida": "Patient is head-marked", "Oromo (Harar)": "Patient has no marking", "Orig": "Patient has no marking", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Patient is head-marked", "Paiwan": "Patient is double-marked", "Paumarí": "Patient is double-marked", "Pipil": "Patient is head-marked", "Pirahã": "Patient has no marking", "Persian": "Patient is double-marked", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Purépecha": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Quileute": "Patient is double-marked", "Rama": "Patient is double-marked", "Rapanui": "Patient is double-marked", "Russian": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Sahu": "Patient is head-marked", "Sango": "Patient has no marking", "Sandawe": "Patient has no marking", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Siuslaw": "Patient is double-marked", "Slave": "Patient is head-marked", "Semelai": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Sanuma": "Patient is head-marked", "Spanish": "Patient is double-marked", "Squamish": "Patient is double-marked", "Suena": "Patient has no marking", "Supyire": "Patient has no marking", "Swahili": "Patient is head-marked", "Salt-Yui": "Patient has no marking", "Tagalog": "Patient is double-marked", "Tauya": "Patient is double-marked", "Tanglapui": "Patient is head-marked", "Thai": "Patient has no marking", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Tiwi": "Patient is head-marked", "Takelma": "Patient is head-marked", "Telefol": "Patient is head-marked", "Tlingit": "Patient is head-marked", "Timucua": "Patient is head-marked", "Tonkawa": "Patient is double-marked", "Trumai": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Tukang Besi": "Patient has no marking", "Tunica": "Patient is head-marked", "Turkish": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Uradhi": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Ungarinjin": "Patient is head-marked", "Usan": "Patient is head-marked", "Vietnamese": "Patient has no marking", "Waorani": "Patient has no marking", "Wari'": "Patient is head-marked", "Washo": "Patient is head-marked", "Wichí": "Patient is double-marked", "Wembawemba": "Patient is double-marked", "Wichita": "Patient is head-marked", "Wintu": "Patient is double-marked", "Warao": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Warlpiri": "Patient is double-marked", "Warndarang": "Patient is head-marked", "Waray (in Australia)": "Patient is double-marked", "Waskia": "Patient is double-marked", "Xokleng": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Yagua": "Other types", "Yaqui": "Patient is double-marked", "Yessan-Mayo": "Patient is head-marked", "Yimas": "Patient is head-marked", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Patient is dependent-marked", "Yali": "Patient is head-marked", "Yoruba": "Patient is double-marked", "Yup'ik (Central)": "Patient is double-marked", "Yuchi": "Patient is head-marked", "Yurok": "Patient is head-marked", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Patient is double-marked", "Zulu": "Patient is head-marked", "Zuni": "Patient is double-marked" }
24A
Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases
Morphology
What is the locus of marking in possessive noun phrases in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Possessor is head-marked; Possessor is dependent-marked; Possessor is double-marked; Possessor has no marking; Other types
{ "Abkhaz": "Possessor is head-marked", "Acehnese": "Possessor is head-marked", "Acoma": "Possessor is head-marked", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Possessor has no marking", "Ainu": "Possessor is head-marked", "Alamblak": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Ambulas": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Amele": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Anêm": "Possessor is head-marked", "Apurinã": "Possessor is head-marked", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Asmat": "Possessor has no marking", "Atakapa": "Possessor has no marking", "Awa Pit": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Awtuw": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Aymara (Central)": "Possessor is double-marked", "Bagirmi": "Possessor has no marking", "Bininj Gun-Wok": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Beja": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Belhare": "Possessor is double-marked", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Brahui": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Bribri": "Possessor has no marking", "Burmese": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Bororo": "Possessor is head-marked", "Barasano": "Possessor is head-marked", "Basque": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Burushaski": "Possessor is double-marked", "Buru": "Possessor is head-marked", "Bauzi": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Cocopa": "Possessor is head-marked", "Chamorro": "Possessor is head-marked", "Chukchi": "Possessor has no marking", "Chontal (Highland)": "Possessor is head-marked", "Chayahuita": "Possessor has no marking", "Chumash (Ineseño)": "Possessor is head-marked", "Chichimeca-Jonaz": "Possessor is head-marked", "Chinook (Upper)": "Possessor is head-marked", "Canela": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Coos (Hanis)": "Possessor is head-marked", "Cree (Plains)": "Possessor is head-marked", "Chitimacha": "Possessor has no marking", "Cayuvava": "Possessor is head-marked", "Daga": "Possessor is head-marked", "Diyari": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Dizi": "Possessor is double-marked", "Djingili": "Possessor is double-marked", "Djapu": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Possessor is double-marked", "Dumo": "Possessor is head-marked", "Dyirbal": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Ekari": "Possessor has no marking", "English": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Epena Pedee": "Possessor has no marking", "Evenki": "Possessor is double-marked", "Ewe": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Fijian": "Possessor is head-marked", "Finnish": "Possessor is double-marked", "French": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Fur": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Georgian": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "German": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Gününa Küne": "Possessor is head-marked", "Gumuz": "Possessor has no marking", "Gooniyandi": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Grebo": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Greek (Modern)": "Possessor is double-marked", "Garrwa": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Greenlandic (West)": "Possessor is double-marked", "Guaraní": "Possessor is head-marked", "Haida": "Possessor is head-marked", "Hatam": "Possessor is head-marked", "Hausa": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Hindi": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Hixkaryana": "Possessor is head-marked", "Hmong Njua": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Hua": "Possessor is double-marked", "Hungarian": "Possessor is head-marked", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "Possessor is head-marked", "Iau": "Possessor is head-marked", "Icelandic": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "Possessor has no marking", "Ik": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Ika": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Imonda": "Possessor is double-marked", "Indonesian": "Possessor has no marking", "Ingush": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Jakaltek": "Possessor is head-marked", "Jeli": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Jivaro": "Possessor is double-marked", "Japanese": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Ju|'hoan": "Possessor has no marking", "Kayardild": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Koyra Chiini": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Ket": "Possessor is head-marked", "Kewa": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Khalkha": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Nama": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Kimaghama": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Kiowa": "Possessor is head-marked", "Kisi": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Kui (in Indonesia)": "Possessor is head-marked", "Kirikiri": "Possessor has no marking", "Kombai": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Kannada": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Kunama": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Kanum (Ngkâlmpw)": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Kanuri": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Koasati": "Possessor is head-marked", "Kobon": "Possessor has no marking", "Korean": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Kipea": "Possessor is double-marked", "Karok": "Possessor is head-marked", "Krongo": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Kutenai": "Possessor is head-marked", "Lai": "Possessor has no marking", "Lango": "Possessor is head-marked", "Lavukaleve": "Possessor is head-marked", "Lezgian": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Lakhota": "Possessor is head-marked", "Lamaholot": "Possessor has no marking", "Lugbara": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Luvale": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Maithili": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Malagasy": "Other types", "Maori": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Mapudungun": "Possessor is head-marked", "Maricopa": "Possessor is head-marked", "Maung": "Possessor has no marking", "Maybrat": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Meithei": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Miskito": "Possessor is head-marked", "Malakmalak": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Mandarin": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Motuna": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Murrinh-Patha": "Possessor has no marking", "Marrithiyel": "Possessor is head-marked", "Martuthunira": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Possessor is double-marked", "Mundari": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Possessor has no marking", "Mangarrayi": "Possessor is double-marked", "Nahali": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "Possessor has no marking", "Natchez": "Possessor is head-marked", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Nicobarese (Car)": "Possessor has no marking", "Nepali": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Ngiyambaa": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Nivkh": "Possessor is head-marked", "Nakkara": "Other types", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "Possessor is head-marked", "Nisgha": "Possessor is head-marked", "Ngaanyatjarra": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Nenets": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Nunggubuyu": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Nuuchahnulth": "Possessor is head-marked", "Nyigina": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Oneida": "Possessor is head-marked", "Oromo (Harar)": "Other types", "Orig": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Possessor is head-marked", "Paiwan": "Possessor is double-marked", "Paumarí": "Possessor is head-marked", "Pipil": "Possessor is head-marked", "Pirahã": "Possessor has no marking", "Persian": "Possessor is head-marked", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Purépecha": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Quileute": "Possessor is head-marked", "Rama": "Other types", "Rapanui": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Russian": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Sahu": "Possessor is head-marked", "Sango": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Sandawe": "Possessor has no marking", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Siuslaw": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Slave": "Possessor is head-marked", "Semelai": "Possessor has no marking", "Sanuma": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Spanish": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Squamish": "Possessor is head-marked", "Suena": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Supyire": "Possessor is head-marked", "Swahili": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Salt-Yui": "Possessor has no marking", "Tagalog": "Other types", "Tauya": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Tanglapui": "Possessor is head-marked", "Thai": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Tiwi": "Possessor has no marking", "Takelma": "Possessor is head-marked", "Telefol": "Possessor is head-marked", "Tlingit": "Possessor is head-marked", "Timucua": "Possessor has no marking", "Tonkawa": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Trumai": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Tukang Besi": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Tunica": "Possessor is head-marked", "Turkish": "Possessor is double-marked", "Uradhi": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Ungarinjin": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Usan": "Possessor is head-marked", "Vietnamese": "Possessor has no marking", "Waorani": "Possessor has no marking", "Wari'": "Possessor is head-marked", "Washo": "Possessor is head-marked", "Wichí": "Possessor is head-marked", "Wembawemba": "Possessor is double-marked", "Wichita": "Possessor is head-marked", "Wintu": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Warao": "Other types", "Warlpiri": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Warndarang": "Possessor is head-marked", "Waray (in Australia)": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Waskia": "Possessor is head-marked", "Xokleng": "Possessor is head-marked", "Yagua": "Possessor is head-marked", "Yaqui": "Possessor is double-marked", "Yessan-Mayo": "Possessor is head-marked", "Yimas": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Possessor has no marking", "Yali": "Possessor is head-marked", "Yoruba": "Possessor is head-marked", "Yup'ik (Central)": "Possessor is double-marked", "Yuchi": "Possessor is head-marked", "Yurok": "Possessor is head-marked", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Possessor is double-marked", "Zulu": "Possessor is dependent-marked", "Zuni": "Possessor is head-marked" }
25A
Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology
Morphology
What is the overall locus of marking in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Consistently head-marking; Consistently dependent-marking; Consistently double-marking; Consistently zero-marking; Inconsistent marking or other type
{ "Abkhaz": "Consistently head-marking", "Acehnese": "Consistently head-marking", "Acoma": "Consistently head-marking", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Ainu": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Alamblak": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Ambulas": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Amele": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Anêm": "Consistently head-marking", "Apurinã": "Consistently head-marking", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Asmat": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Atakapa": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Awa Pit": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Awtuw": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Aymara (Central)": "Consistently double-marking", "Bagirmi": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Bininj Gun-Wok": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Beja": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Belhare": "Consistently double-marking", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Brahui": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Bribri": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Burmese": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Bororo": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Barasano": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Basque": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Burushaski": "Consistently double-marking", "Buru": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Bauzi": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Cocopa": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Chamorro": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Chukchi": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Chontal (Highland)": "Consistently head-marking", "Chayahuita": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Chumash (Ineseño)": "Consistently head-marking", "Chichimeca-Jonaz": "Consistently head-marking", "Chinook (Upper)": "Consistently head-marking", "Canela": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Coos (Hanis)": "Consistently head-marking", "Cree (Plains)": "Consistently head-marking", "Chitimacha": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Cayuvava": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Daga": "Consistently head-marking", "Diyari": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Dizi": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Djingili": "Consistently double-marking", "Djapu": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Dumo": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Dyirbal": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Ekari": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "English": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Epena Pedee": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Evenki": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Ewe": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Fijian": "Consistently head-marking", "Finnish": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "French": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Fur": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Georgian": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "German": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Gününa Küne": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Gumuz": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Gooniyandi": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Grebo": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Greek (Modern)": "Consistently double-marking", "Garrwa": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Greenlandic (West)": "Consistently double-marking", "Guaraní": "Consistently head-marking", "Haida": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Hatam": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Hausa": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Hindi": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Hixkaryana": "Consistently head-marking", "Hmong Njua": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Hua": "Consistently double-marking", "Hungarian": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "Consistently head-marking", "Iau": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Icelandic": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "Consistently zero-marking", "Ik": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Ika": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Imonda": "Consistently double-marking", "Indonesian": "Consistently zero-marking", "Ingush": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Jakaltek": "Consistently head-marking", "Jeli": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Jivaro": "Consistently double-marking", "Japanese": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Ju|'hoan": "Consistently zero-marking", "Kayardild": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Koyra Chiini": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Ket": "Consistently head-marking", "Kewa": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Khalkha": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Nama": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Kimaghama": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Kiowa": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Kisi": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Kui (in Indonesia)": "Consistently head-marking", "Kirikiri": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Kombai": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Kannada": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Kunama": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Kanum (Ngkâlmpw)": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Kanuri": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Koasati": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Kobon": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Korean": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Kipea": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Karok": "Consistently head-marking", "Krongo": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Kutenai": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Lai": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Lango": "Consistently head-marking", "Lavukaleve": "Consistently head-marking", "Lezgian": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Lakhota": "Consistently head-marking", "Lamaholot": "Consistently zero-marking", "Lugbara": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Luvale": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Maithili": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Malagasy": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Maori": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Mapudungun": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Maricopa": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Maung": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Maybrat": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Meithei": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Miskito": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Malakmalak": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Mandarin": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Motuna": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Murrinh-Patha": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Marrithiyel": "Consistently head-marking", "Martuthunira": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Consistently double-marking", "Mundari": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Mangarrayi": "Consistently double-marking", "Nahali": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Natchez": "Consistently head-marking", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Nicobarese (Car)": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Nepali": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Ngiyambaa": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Nivkh": "Consistently head-marking", "Nakkara": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "Consistently head-marking", "Nisgha": "Consistently head-marking", "Ngaanyatjarra": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Nenets": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Nunggubuyu": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Nuuchahnulth": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Nyigina": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Oneida": "Consistently head-marking", "Oromo (Harar)": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Orig": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Consistently head-marking", "Paiwan": "Consistently double-marking", "Paumarí": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Pipil": "Consistently head-marking", "Pirahã": "Consistently zero-marking", "Persian": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Purépecha": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Quileute": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Rama": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Rapanui": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Russian": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Sahu": "Consistently head-marking", "Sango": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Sandawe": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Siuslaw": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Slave": "Consistently head-marking", "Semelai": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Sanuma": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Spanish": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Squamish": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Suena": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Supyire": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Swahili": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Salt-Yui": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Tagalog": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Tauya": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Tanglapui": "Consistently head-marking", "Thai": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Tiwi": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Takelma": "Consistently head-marking", "Telefol": "Consistently head-marking", "Tlingit": "Consistently head-marking", "Timucua": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Tonkawa": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Trumai": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Tukang Besi": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Tunica": "Consistently head-marking", "Turkish": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Uradhi": "Consistently dependent-marking", "Ungarinjin": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Usan": "Consistently head-marking", "Vietnamese": "Consistently zero-marking", "Waorani": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Wari'": "Consistently head-marking", "Washo": "Consistently head-marking", "Wichí": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Wembawemba": "Consistently double-marking", "Wichita": "Consistently head-marking", "Wintu": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Warao": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Warlpiri": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Warndarang": "Consistently head-marking", "Waray (in Australia)": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Waskia": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Xokleng": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Yagua": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Yaqui": "Consistently double-marking", "Yessan-Mayo": "Consistently head-marking", "Yimas": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Yali": "Consistently head-marking", "Yoruba": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Yup'ik (Central)": "Consistently double-marking", "Yuchi": "Consistently head-marking", "Yurok": "Consistently head-marking", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Consistently double-marking", "Zulu": "Inconsistent marking or other type", "Zuni": "Inconsistent marking or other type" }
25B
Zero Marking of A and P Arguments
Morphology
Does the <LANGUAGE> language have zero marking of subject and object in transitive clauses?
Zero-marking; Non-zero marking
{ "Abkhaz": "Non-zero marking", "Acehnese": "Non-zero marking", "Acoma": "Non-zero marking", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Non-zero marking", "Ainu": "Non-zero marking", "Alamblak": "Non-zero marking", "Ambulas": "Non-zero marking", "Amele": "Non-zero marking", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "Non-zero marking", "Anêm": "Non-zero marking", "Apurinã": "Non-zero marking", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Non-zero marking", "Asmat": "Non-zero marking", "Atakapa": "Non-zero marking", "Awa Pit": "Non-zero marking", "Awtuw": "Non-zero marking", "Aymara (Central)": "Non-zero marking", "Bagirmi": "Non-zero marking", "Bininj Gun-Wok": "Non-zero marking", "Beja": "Non-zero marking", "Belhare": "Non-zero marking", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Non-zero marking", "Brahui": "Non-zero marking", "Bribri": "Non-zero marking", "Burmese": "Non-zero marking", "Bororo": "Non-zero marking", "Barasano": "Non-zero marking", "Basque": "Non-zero marking", "Burushaski": "Non-zero marking", "Buru": "Zero-marking", "Bauzi": "Zero-marking", "Chamorro": "Non-zero marking", "Chukchi": "Non-zero marking", "Chontal (Highland)": "Non-zero marking", "Chayahuita": "Non-zero marking", "Chumash (Ineseño)": "Non-zero marking", "Chichimeca-Jonaz": "Non-zero marking", "Chinook (Upper)": "Non-zero marking", "Canela": "Non-zero marking", "Coos (Hanis)": "Non-zero marking", "Cree (Plains)": "Non-zero marking", "Chitimacha": "Non-zero marking", "Cayuvava": "Non-zero marking", "Daga": "Non-zero marking", "Diyari": "Non-zero marking", "Dizi": "Non-zero marking", "Djingili": "Non-zero marking", "Djapu": "Non-zero marking", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Non-zero marking", "Dumo": "Non-zero marking", "Dyirbal": "Non-zero marking", "Ekari": "Non-zero marking", "English": "Non-zero marking", "Epena Pedee": "Non-zero marking", "Evenki": "Non-zero marking", "Ewe": "Zero-marking", "Fijian": "Non-zero marking", "Finnish": "Non-zero marking", "French": "Non-zero marking", "Fur": "Non-zero marking", "Georgian": "Non-zero marking", "German": "Non-zero marking", "Gününa Küne": "Non-zero marking", "Gumuz": "Non-zero marking", "Gooniyandi": "Non-zero marking", "Grebo": "Non-zero marking", "Greek (Modern)": "Non-zero marking", "Garrwa": "Non-zero marking", "Greenlandic (West)": "Non-zero marking", "Guaraní": "Non-zero marking", "Haida": "Zero-marking", "Hatam": "Non-zero marking", "Hausa": "Non-zero marking", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Non-zero marking", "Hindi": "Non-zero marking", "Hixkaryana": "Non-zero marking", "Hmong Njua": "Zero-marking", "Hua": "Non-zero marking", "Hungarian": "Non-zero marking", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "Non-zero marking", "Iau": "Zero-marking", "Icelandic": "Non-zero marking", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "Zero-marking", "Ik": "Non-zero marking", "Ika": "Non-zero marking", "Imonda": "Non-zero marking", "Indonesian": "Zero-marking", "Ingush": "Non-zero marking", "Jakaltek": "Non-zero marking", "Jeli": "Zero-marking", "Jivaro": "Non-zero marking", "Japanese": "Non-zero marking", "Ju|'hoan": "Zero-marking", "Kayardild": "Non-zero marking", "Koyra Chiini": "Non-zero marking", "Ket": "Non-zero marking", "Kewa": "Non-zero marking", "Khalkha": "Non-zero marking", "Nama": "Non-zero marking", "Kimaghama": "Non-zero marking", "Kiowa": "Non-zero marking", "Kisi": "Zero-marking", "Kirikiri": "Non-zero marking", "Kombai": "Non-zero marking", "Kannada": "Non-zero marking", "Kunama": "Non-zero marking", "Kanum (Ngkâlmpw)": "Non-zero marking", "Kanuri": "Non-zero marking", "Koasati": "Non-zero marking", "Kobon": "Non-zero marking", "Korean": "Non-zero marking", "Kipea": "Non-zero marking", "Karok": "Non-zero marking", "Krongo": "Non-zero marking", "Kui (in India)": "Non-zero marking", "Kutenai": "Non-zero marking", "Lai": "Non-zero marking", "Lango": "Non-zero marking", "Lavukaleve": "Non-zero marking", "Lezgian": "Non-zero marking", "Lakhota": "Non-zero marking", "Lamaholot": "Zero-marking", "Lugbara": "Non-zero marking", "Luvale": "Non-zero marking", "Maithili": "Non-zero marking", "Malagasy": "Non-zero marking", "Maori": "Non-zero marking", "Mapudungun": "Non-zero marking", "Maricopa": "Non-zero marking", "Maung": "Non-zero marking", "Maybrat": "Non-zero marking", "Meithei": "Non-zero marking", "Miskito": "Non-zero marking", "Malakmalak": "Non-zero marking", "Mandarin": "Non-zero marking", "Motuna": "Non-zero marking", "Murrinh-Patha": "Non-zero marking", "Marrithiyel": "Non-zero marking", "Martuthunira": "Non-zero marking", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Non-zero marking", "Mundari": "Non-zero marking", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Non-zero marking", "Mangarrayi": "Non-zero marking", "Nahali": "Non-zero marking", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "Non-zero marking", "Natchez": "Non-zero marking", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Non-zero marking", "Nicobarese (Car)": "Non-zero marking", "Nepali": "Non-zero marking", "Ngiyambaa": "Non-zero marking", "Nivkh": "Non-zero marking", "Nakkara": "Non-zero marking", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "Non-zero marking", "Nisgha": "Non-zero marking", "Nenets": "Non-zero marking", "Nunggubuyu": "Non-zero marking", "Nuuchahnulth": "Non-zero marking", "Nyigina": "Non-zero marking", "Oneida": "Non-zero marking", "Oromo (Harar)": "Non-zero marking", "Orig": "Non-zero marking", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Non-zero marking", "Paiwan": "Non-zero marking", "Paumarí": "Non-zero marking", "Pipil": "Non-zero marking", "Pirahã": "Zero-marking", "Persian": "Non-zero marking", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Non-zero marking", "Purépecha": "Non-zero marking", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Non-zero marking", "Quileute": "Non-zero marking", "Rama": "Non-zero marking", "Rapanui": "Non-zero marking", "Russian": "Non-zero marking", "Sahu": "Non-zero marking", "Sango": "Non-zero marking", "Sandawe": "Non-zero marking", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Non-zero marking", "Siuslaw": "Non-zero marking", "Slave": "Non-zero marking", "Semelai": "Non-zero marking", "Sanuma": "Non-zero marking", "Spanish": "Non-zero marking", "Squamish": "Non-zero marking", "Suena": "Non-zero marking", "Supyire": "Zero-marking", "Swahili": "Non-zero marking", "Salt-Yui": "Non-zero marking", "Tagalog": "Non-zero marking", "Tauya": "Non-zero marking", "Tanglapui": "Non-zero marking", "Thai": "Zero-marking", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "Non-zero marking", "Tiwi": "Non-zero marking", "Takelma": "Non-zero marking", "Telefol": "Non-zero marking", "Tlingit": "Non-zero marking", "Timucua": "Non-zero marking", "Tonkawa": "Non-zero marking", "Trumai": "Non-zero marking", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "Non-zero marking", "Tukang Besi": "Non-zero marking", "Tunica": "Non-zero marking", "Turkish": "Non-zero marking", "Uradhi": "Non-zero marking", "Ungarinjin": "Non-zero marking", "Usan": "Non-zero marking", "Vietnamese": "Zero-marking", "Waorani": "Non-zero marking", "Wari'": "Non-zero marking", "Washo": "Non-zero marking", "Wichí": "Non-zero marking", "Wembawemba": "Non-zero marking", "Wichita": "Non-zero marking", "Wintu": "Non-zero marking", "Warao": "Non-zero marking", "Warlpiri": "Non-zero marking", "Warndarang": "Non-zero marking", "Waray (in Australia)": "Non-zero marking", "Waskia": "Non-zero marking", "Xokleng": "Non-zero marking", "Yagua": "Non-zero marking", "Yaqui": "Non-zero marking", "Yessan-Mayo": "Non-zero marking", "Yimas": "Non-zero marking", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Non-zero marking", "Yali": "Non-zero marking", "Yankuntjatjara": "Non-zero marking", "Yoruba": "Non-zero marking", "Yup'ik (Central)": "Non-zero marking", "Yuchi": "Non-zero marking", "Yurok": "Non-zero marking", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Non-zero marking", "Zulu": "Non-zero marking", "Zuni": "Non-zero marking" }
26A
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology
Morphology
What is the balance between prefixing and suffixing in inflectional morphology in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Little or no inflectional morphology; Predominantly suffixing; Moderate preference for suffixing; Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing; Moderate preference for prefixing; Predominantly prefixing
{ "Aari": "Predominantly suffixing", "Abipón": "Predominantly suffixing", "Abkhaz": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Arabana": "Predominantly suffixing", "Abun": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Abui": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Acehnese": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Achagua": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Acholi": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Acoma": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Achuar": "Predominantly suffixing", "Adang": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Adioukrou": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Adynyamathanha": "Predominantly suffixing", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Agarabi": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Agta (Central)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Angami": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Anguthimri": "Predominantly suffixing", "Ainu": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Akha": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Akan": "Predominantly prefixing", "Alamblak": "Predominantly suffixing", "Albanian": "Predominantly suffixing", "Aleut": "Predominantly suffixing", "Ala'ala": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Alune": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Alawa": "Predominantly suffixing", "Alyawarra": "Predominantly suffixing", "Amahuaca": "Predominantly suffixing", "Amele": "Predominantly suffixing", "Amharic": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Ambae (Lolovoli Northeast)": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Amanab": "Predominantly suffixing", "Amo": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Ambai": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Arabic (Moroccan)": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Arabic (Modern Standard)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Anamuxra": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Araona": "Predominantly suffixing", "Angas": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Anggor": "Predominantly suffixing", "Anejom": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Anindilyakwa": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Anufo": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Anywa": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Ao": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Mufian": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Apalaí": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Apatani": "Predominantly suffixing", "Apurinã": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Apache (Western)": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Lokono": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Archi": "Predominantly suffixing", "Arabic (Gulf)": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Arosi": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Arabic (Iraqi)": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Armenian (Western)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Asmat": "Predominantly suffixing", "Assamese": "Predominantly suffixing", "Arabic (Syrian)": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Atayal": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Athpare": "Predominantly suffixing", "Au": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Avar": "Predominantly suffixing", "Awa": "Predominantly suffixing", "Arrernte (Western)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Awa Pit": "Predominantly suffixing", "Awtuw": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Aymara (Central)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Azerbaijani": "Predominantly suffixing", "Azari (Iranian)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Barai": "Predominantly suffixing", "Bachamal": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Baré": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Bagirmi": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Bai": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Bambara": "Predominantly suffixing", "Baure": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Bari": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Bawm": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Barambu": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Bininj Gun-Wok": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Bella Coola": "Predominantly suffixing", "Budu": "Predominantly prefixing", "Beja": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Belhare": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Berta": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Berber (Figuig)": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Bongo": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Bagiro": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Bhojpuri": "Predominantly suffixing", "Biri": "Predominantly suffixing", "Biak": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Bilua": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Nai": "Predominantly suffixing", "Birom": "Predominantly prefixing", "Baka (in South Sudan)": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Betta Kurumba": "Predominantly suffixing", "Bikol": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Batak (Karo)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Blackfoot": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Bilin": "Predominantly suffixing", "Belorussian": "Predominantly suffixing", "Balti": "Predominantly suffixing", "Biloxi": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Bimoba": "Predominantly suffixing", "Burum": "Predominantly suffixing", "Bandjalang": "Predominantly suffixing", "Banoni": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Bilinarra": "Predominantly suffixing", "Bularnu": "Predominantly suffixing", "Bodo": "Predominantly suffixing", "Breton": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Berber (Rif)": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Brahui": "Predominantly suffixing", "Bribri": "Predominantly suffixing", "Burmese": "Predominantly suffixing", "Burunge": "Predominantly suffixing", "Barupu": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Bororo": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Barasano": "Predominantly suffixing", "Baruya": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Bushoong": "Predominantly prefixing", "Bashkir": "Predominantly suffixing", "Basque": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Betoi": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Bontok": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Batak (Toba)": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Burarra": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Buduma": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Bulgarian": "Predominantly suffixing", "Buin": "Predominantly suffixing", "Burushaski": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Buriat": "Predominantly suffixing", "Bali-Vitu": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Bajau (West Coast)": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Byansi": "Predominantly suffixing", "Cahuilla": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Camsá": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Carib": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Cashibo": "Predominantly suffixing", "Campa (Axininca)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Cayapa": "Predominantly suffixing", "Chumash (Barbareño)": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Chácobo": "Predominantly suffixing", "Chinantec (Comaltepec)": "Predominantly prefixing", "Choctaw": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Carib (De'kwana)": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Cèmuhî": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Chamorro": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Chechen": "Predominantly suffixing", "Cherokee": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Chang": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Chaha": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Chimariko": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Chukchi": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Chipewyan": "Predominantly prefixing", "Chinantec (Quiotepec)": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Chrau": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Chin (Siyin)": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Chuvash": "Predominantly suffixing", "Chontal (Huamelultec Oaxaca)": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Chinook (Lower)": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Cholón": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Chemehuevi": "Predominantly suffixing", "Comanche": "Predominantly suffixing", "Chontal Maya": "Predominantly suffixing", "Canela": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Canamarí": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Cantonese": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Coahuilteco": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Cocama": "Predominantly suffixing", "Coos (Hanis)": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Coptic": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Rumsien": "Predominantly suffixing", "Chinantec (Palantla)": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Chipaya": "Predominantly suffixing", "Cree (Plains)": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Cornish": "Predominantly suffixing", "Carapana": "Predominantly suffixing", "Chin (Tiddim)": "Predominantly prefixing", "Chitimacha": "Predominantly suffixing", "Cubeo": "Predominantly suffixing", "Cupeño": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Cayuvava": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Czech": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Daga": "Predominantly suffixing", "Donno So": "Predominantly suffixing", "Desano": "Predominantly suffixing", "Deuri": "Predominantly suffixing", "Dagbani": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Dongo": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Dagur": "Predominantly suffixing", "Dhargari": "Predominantly suffixing", "Dharawal": "Predominantly suffixing", "Didinga": "Predominantly suffixing", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Digaro": "Predominantly suffixing", "Dime": "Predominantly suffixing", "Dinka": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Diola-Fogny": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Diyari": "Predominantly suffixing", "Djabugay": "Predominantly suffixing", "Djingili": "Predominantly suffixing", "Djambarrpuyngu": "Predominantly suffixing", "Djinang": "Predominantly suffixing", "Djapu": "Predominantly suffixing", "Djaru": "Predominantly suffixing", "Dla (Menggwa)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Domaaki": "Predominantly suffixing", "Dimasa": "Predominantly suffixing", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Domari": "Predominantly suffixing", "Doyayo": "Predominantly suffixing", "Drehu": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Darma": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Danish": "Predominantly suffixing", "Duka": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Duna": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Dutch": "Predominantly suffixing", "Dyirbal": "Predominantly suffixing", "Engenni": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Eipo": "Predominantly suffixing", "Emberá (Northern)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Émérillon": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Enets": "Predominantly suffixing", "English": "Predominantly suffixing", "Enggano": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Epena Pedee": "Predominantly suffixing", "Efate (South)": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Ese Ejja": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Estonian": "Predominantly suffixing", "Eudeve": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Evenki": "Predominantly suffixing", "Even": "Predominantly suffixing", "Ewe": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Ewondo": "Predominantly prefixing", "Fasu": "Predominantly suffixing", "Fijian": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Finnish": "Predominantly suffixing", "Fore": "Predominantly suffixing", "Momu": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "French": "Predominantly suffixing", "Fulfulde (Adamawa)": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Fulniô": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Fur": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Futuna-Aniwa": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Fyem": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Gaagudju": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Gaelic (Scots)": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Gahuku": "Predominantly suffixing", "Galo": "Predominantly suffixing", "Garo": "Predominantly suffixing", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "Predominantly suffixing", "Gbaya (Southwest)": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Gadsup": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Georgian": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "German": "Predominantly suffixing", "Gureng Gureng": "Predominantly suffixing", "Gimira": "Predominantly suffixing", "Gününa Küne": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Golin": "Predominantly suffixing", "Gumawana": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Gumuz": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Gunin": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Goajiro": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Goemai": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Gokana": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Gondi": "Predominantly suffixing", "Gooniyandi": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Grebo": "Predominantly suffixing", "Greek (Modern)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Garrwa": "Predominantly suffixing", "Greenlandic (West)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Guaraní": "Predominantly prefixing", "Gude": "Predominantly suffixing", "Gugada": "Predominantly suffixing", "Gula (in Central African Republic)": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Gurung": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Guugu Yimidhirr": "Predominantly suffixing", "Gyarong (Cogtse)": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Haida": "Predominantly suffixing", "Halia": "Predominantly suffixing", "Hamtai": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Hatam": "Predominantly prefixing", "Hausa": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Hawaiian": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Hayu": "Predominantly suffixing", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Hindi": "Predominantly suffixing", "Hixkaryana": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Hualapai": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Hmar": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Huitoto (Minica)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Hmong Njua": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Hunde": "Predominantly prefixing", "Ho": "Predominantly suffixing", "Hoava": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Hopi": "Predominantly suffixing", "Hup": "Predominantly suffixing", "Huastec": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Hua": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Huichol": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Huitoto (Murui)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Hungarian": "Predominantly suffixing", "Hupa": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Hunzib": "Predominantly suffixing", "Iaai": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Iban": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Icelandic": "Predominantly suffixing", "Iduna": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Ifugao (Batad)": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Ignaciano": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Ingessana": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Ik": "Predominantly suffixing", "Ika": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Inanwatan": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Indonesian": "Predominantly suffixing", "Ingush": "Predominantly suffixing", "Innamincka": "Predominantly suffixing", "Iquito": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Irish": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Iraqw": "Predominantly suffixing", "Irarutu": "Predominantly prefixing", "Iranxe": "Predominantly suffixing", "I'saka": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Italian": "Predominantly suffixing", "Itelmen": "Predominantly suffixing", "Izi": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Jabêm": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Jakaltek": "Predominantly prefixing", "Jaqaru": "Predominantly suffixing", "Jebero": "Predominantly suffixing", "Jivaro": "Predominantly suffixing", "Jur Mödö": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Jamsay": "Predominantly suffixing", "Jingpho": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Japanese": "Predominantly suffixing", "Ju|'hoan": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Jukun": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Karó (Arára)": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Kabardian": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Kachari": "Predominantly suffixing", "Kana": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Kara (in Central African Republic)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Kayardild": "Predominantly suffixing", "Kamba": "Predominantly prefixing", "Kanembu": "Predominantly suffixing", "Karen (Bwe)": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Koyra Chiini": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Kele": "Predominantly prefixing", "Kemant": "Predominantly suffixing", "Kenga": "Predominantly suffixing", "Kera": "Predominantly suffixing", "Ket": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Kewa": "Predominantly suffixing", "Koromfe": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Kirghiz": "Predominantly suffixing", "Khalkha": "Predominantly suffixing", "Khaling": "Predominantly suffixing", "Khinalug": "Predominantly suffixing", "Khalaj": "Predominantly suffixing", "Khmer": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Nama": "Predominantly suffixing", "Kharia": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Khasi": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Kikuyu": "Predominantly prefixing", "Kimaghama": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Kiowa": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Kirma": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Kiwai (Southern)": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Karakalpak": "Predominantly suffixing", "Kokota": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Korku": "Predominantly suffixing", "Lusi": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Klamath": "Predominantly suffixing", "Kalispel": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Kilivila": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Kiliwa": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Kamaiurá": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Kombai": "Predominantly suffixing", "Kham": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Karimojong": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Kalmyk": "Predominantly suffixing", "Kuman": "Predominantly suffixing", "Koiali (Mountain)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Kunimaipa": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Kamoro": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Kamass": "Predominantly suffixing", "Khmu'": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Kamasau": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Kugu Nganhcara": "Predominantly suffixing", "Kannada": "Predominantly suffixing", "Konni": "Predominantly suffixing", "Kanakuru": "Predominantly suffixing", "Kunama": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Kinnauri": "Predominantly suffixing", "Kanuri": "Predominantly suffixing", "Konkow": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Koasati": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Kobon": "Predominantly suffixing", "Koegu": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Kokborok": "Predominantly suffixing", "Kolami": "Predominantly suffixing", "Komo": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Kongo": "Predominantly prefixing", "Komi-Permyak": "Predominantly suffixing", "Korean": "Predominantly suffixing", "Kosraean": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Koya": "Predominantly suffixing", "Kiribati": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Karachay-Balkar": "Predominantly suffixing", "Kurdish (Central)": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Kresh": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Kipea": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Karadjeri": "Predominantly suffixing", "Karok": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Korana": "Predominantly suffixing", "Krongo": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Kairiru": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Korowai": "Predominantly suffixing", "Koryak": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Keresan (Santa Ana)": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Koyraboro Senni": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Karen (Sgaw)": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Koita": "Predominantly suffixing", "Katcha": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Katla": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Khanty": "Predominantly suffixing", "Kuot": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Kutenai": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Kuvi": "Predominantly suffixing", "Kwangali": "Predominantly prefixing", "Kwoma": "Predominantly suffixing", "Kawaiisu": "Predominantly suffixing", "Kwomtari": "Predominantly suffixing", "Kwaza": "Predominantly suffixing", "Kuku-Yalanji": "Predominantly suffixing", "Kyaka": "Predominantly suffixing", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Laal": "Predominantly suffixing", "Lacandón": "Predominantly suffixing", "Ladakhi": "Predominantly suffixing", "Lagwan": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Lahu": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Lai": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Lalo": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Lango": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Lao": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Laragia": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Latvian": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Lavukaleve": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Lunda": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Luganda": "Predominantly prefixing", "Lendu": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Leko": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Lele": "Predominantly suffixing", "Lenakel": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Lepcha": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Lewo": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Lezgian": "Predominantly suffixing", "Longgu": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Lhomi": "Predominantly suffixing", "Limbu": "Predominantly suffixing", "Lithuanian": "Predominantly suffixing", "Lakhota": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Lelemi": "Predominantly prefixing", "Lamang": "Predominantly suffixing", "Lamaholot": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Lamani": "Predominantly suffixing", "Lampung": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Linda": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Loniu": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Lotha": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Lou": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Lugbara": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Luiseño": "Predominantly suffixing", "Luo": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Luvale": "Predominantly prefixing", "Maasai": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Maba": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Macushi": "Predominantly suffixing", "Ma'di": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Mae": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Maithili": "Predominantly suffixing", "Majang": "Predominantly suffixing", "Makah": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Malagasy": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Mam": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Mano": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Maori": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Mapudungun": "Predominantly suffixing", "Maricopa": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Maung": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Maybrat": "Predominantly prefixing", "Mba": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Mbum": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Mbara": "Predominantly suffixing", "Mangbetu": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Mbay": "Predominantly suffixing", "Mochica": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Mocoví": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Mende": "Predominantly suffixing", "Madimadi": "Predominantly suffixing", "Mandan": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Mbodomo": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Meyah": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Me'en": "Predominantly suffixing", "Mehri": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Meithei": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Mekens": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Menomini": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Meryam Mir": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Mondunga": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Mangghuer": "Predominantly suffixing", "Mungaka": "Predominantly prefixing", "Musgu": "Predominantly suffixing", "Marathi": "Predominantly suffixing", "Mien": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Mikir": "Predominantly suffixing", "Minangkabau": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Miskito": "Predominantly suffixing", "Miya": "Predominantly suffixing", "Mizo": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Mauka": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Mongol (Khamnigan)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Mikasuki": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Makasae": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Maranungku": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Malgwa": "Predominantly suffixing", "Mari (Meadow)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Mamanwa": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Mamvu": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Muna": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Manchu": "Predominantly suffixing", "Mandarin": "Predominantly suffixing", "Maidu (Northeast)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Manggarai": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Manam": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Mono (in United States)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Mansi": "Predominantly suffixing", "Margany": "Predominantly suffixing", "Mordvin (Erzya)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Moghol": "Predominantly suffixing", "Mohawk": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Mokilese": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Mon": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Mooré": "Predominantly suffixing", "Motuna": "Predominantly suffixing", "Moru": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Maipure": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Mian": "Predominantly suffixing", "Mara": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Margi": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Murle": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Moro": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Martuthunira": "Predominantly suffixing", "Maru": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Muruwari": "Predominantly suffixing", "Muisca": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Mising": "Predominantly suffixing", "Masakin": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Masalit": "Predominantly suffixing", "Maisin": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Matuumbi": "Predominantly prefixing", "Matis": "Predominantly suffixing", "Motu": "Predominantly suffixing", "Muinane": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Mumuye": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Mundari": "Predominantly suffixing", "Mupun": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Mursi": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Mussau": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Mutsun": "Predominantly suffixing", "Manobo (Western Bukidnon)": "Predominantly prefixing", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Predominantly prefixing", "Mixtec (Jicaltepec)": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Mixtec (Ocotepec)": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Mixtec (Peñoles)": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Mangarrayi": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Mazatec (Huautla)": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Nabak": "Predominantly suffixing", "Nagatman": "Predominantly suffixing", "Neo-Aramaic (Arbel Jewish)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Nakanai": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Namia": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Nandi": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Nasioi": "Predominantly suffixing", "Navajo": "Predominantly prefixing", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Nicobarese (Car)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Ndebele": "Predominantly prefixing", "Ndjébbana": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Ndonga": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Ndut": "Predominantly suffixing", "Ndyuka": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Nepali": "Predominantly suffixing", "Nevome": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Newari (Kathmandu)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Nez Perce": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Nganasan": "Predominantly suffixing", "Ngad'a": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Ngiyambaa": "Predominantly suffixing", "Ngadjumaja": "Predominantly suffixing", "Ngalakan": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Ngambay": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Ngandi": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Ngoni": "Predominantly prefixing", "Naga (Tangkhul)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Ngawun": "Predominantly suffixing", "Ngizim": "Predominantly suffixing", "Nhanda": "Predominantly suffixing", "Nahuatl (Huasteca)": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Nahuatl (Michoacán)": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Nias": "Predominantly prefixing", "Nyishi": "Predominantly suffixing", "Niuean": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Nivkh": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Ngalkbun": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Nkonya": "Predominantly prefixing", "Nkore-Kiga": "Predominantly prefixing", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Nocte": "Predominantly suffixing", "Noghay": "Predominantly suffixing", "Noni": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Noon": "Predominantly suffixing", "Norwegian": "Predominantly suffixing", "Nar-Phu": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Nisgha": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Nisenan": "Predominantly suffixing", "Ngiti": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Nenets": "Predominantly suffixing", "Nuaulu": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Nuer": "Predominantly suffixing", "Nunggubuyu": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Nupe": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Newar (Dolakha)": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Nyimang": "Predominantly suffixing", "Nyamwezi": "Predominantly prefixing", "Nyulnyul": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Nzakara": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Naga (Zeme)": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Ogbronuagum": "Predominantly prefixing", "Obolo": "Predominantly prefixing", "Ocuilteco": "Predominantly prefixing", "Olo": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Ömie": "Predominantly suffixing", "Oneida": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Onge": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "O'odham": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Oromo (Harar)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Orok": "Predominantly suffixing", "Osage": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Ossetic": "Predominantly suffixing", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Otoro": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Oriya": "Predominantly suffixing", "Pa'a": "Predominantly suffixing", "Páez": "Predominantly suffixing", "Paiwan": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Palauan": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Pame": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Panjabi": "Predominantly suffixing", "Päri": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Paumarí": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Pawaian": "Predominantly suffixing", "Pima Bajo": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Folopa": "Predominantly suffixing", "Pero": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Pilagá": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Piaroa": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Pipil": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Piro": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Paakantyi": "Predominantly suffixing", "Pokot": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Paulohi": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Palikur": "Predominantly suffixing", "Pomo (Eastern)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Paamese": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Paiute (Northern)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Bunu (Younuo)": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Pohnpeian": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Poko-Rawo": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Polish": "Predominantly suffixing", "Portuguese": "Predominantly suffixing", "Pitta Pitta": "Predominantly suffixing", "Pare": "Predominantly prefixing", "Pirahã": "Predominantly suffixing", "Purki": "Predominantly suffixing", "Persian": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Pashto": "Predominantly suffixing", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Patwin": "Predominantly suffixing", "Puluwat": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Pumi": "Predominantly suffixing", "Purépecha": "Predominantly suffixing", "Pawnee": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Qawasqar": "Predominantly suffixing", "Quechua (Huallaga)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Qiang": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Quileute": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Sipakapense": "Predominantly prefixing", "Rama": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Rapanui": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Rashad": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Rawang": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Remo": "Predominantly suffixing", "Resígaro": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Ritharngu": "Predominantly suffixing", "Runyankore": "Predominantly prefixing", "Romanian": "Predominantly suffixing", "Rotuman": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Rukai (Tanan)": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Rumu": "Predominantly suffixing", "Runga": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Russian": "Predominantly suffixing", "Rutul": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Romani (Welsh)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Sa'a": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Sahu": "Predominantly prefixing", "Sakao": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Salinan": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Samoan": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Sango": "Predominantly prefixing", "Savi": "Predominantly suffixing", "Serbian-Croatian": "Predominantly suffixing", "Sandawe": "Predominantly suffixing", "Sedang": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Sema": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Seri": "Predominantly prefixing", "Shiriana": "Predominantly suffixing", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Predominantly suffixing", "Shilluk": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Shambala": "Predominantly prefixing", "Shona": "Predominantly prefixing", "Shoshone": "Predominantly suffixing", "Klikitat": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Shatt": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Shuswap": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Siane": "Predominantly suffixing", "Sidaama": "Predominantly suffixing", "Siona": "Predominantly suffixing", "Sio": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Sisiqa": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Siuslaw": "Predominantly suffixing", "Sikkimese": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Selkup": "Predominantly suffixing", "Slave": "Predominantly prefixing", "Saliba (in Papua New Guinea)": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Slovene": "Predominantly suffixing", "Selepet": "Predominantly suffixing", "Seminole": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Shina": "Predominantly suffixing", "Sinaugoro": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Sanuma": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Saami (Northern)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Sentani": "Predominantly suffixing", "So": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Sobei": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Somali": "Predominantly suffixing", "Sonsorol-Tobi": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Spanish": "Predominantly suffixing", "Squamish": "Predominantly suffixing", "Sarcee": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Sardinian": "Predominantly suffixing", "Sirionó": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Siroi": "Predominantly suffixing", "Santa": "Predominantly suffixing", "Stieng": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Santali": "Predominantly suffixing", "Suena": "Predominantly suffixing", "Suki": "Predominantly suffixing", "Sulka": "Predominantly prefixing", "Sundanese": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Supyire": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Savosavo": "Predominantly suffixing", "Swahili": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Swedish": "Predominantly suffixing", "Salt-Yui": "Predominantly suffixing", "Taba": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Tacana": "Predominantly suffixing", "Tagalog": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Tahitian": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Tajik": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Takia": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Tamang (Eastern)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Tarao": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Tariana": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Tashlhiyt": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Tauya": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Tawala": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Tboli": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Tubu": "Predominantly suffixing", "Tepehua (Huehuetla)": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Telugu": "Predominantly suffixing", "Tennet": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Teop": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Tepehua (Tlachichilco)": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Tera": "Predominantly suffixing", "Teso": "Predominantly prefixing", "Tuareg (Ghat)": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Tigak": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Tshangla": "Predominantly suffixing", "Tigré": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Thai": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Thangmi": "Predominantly suffixing", "Kuuk Thaayorre": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Ticuna": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Tidore": "Predominantly prefixing", "Timugon": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Tinrin": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Tiriyo": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Tiwi": "Predominantly prefixing", "Tiipay (Jamul)": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Takelma": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Tolai": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Tlingit": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Tobelo": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Tlapanec": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Tama": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Tamil": "Predominantly suffixing", "Temein": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Tibetan (Modern Literary)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Temiar": "Predominantly prefixing", "Turkana": "Predominantly prefixing", "Tanacross": "Predominantly prefixing", "Temne": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Tongan": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Tunen": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Tondano": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Tenyer": "Predominantly suffixing", "Toba": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Tonkawa": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Totonac (Misantla)": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Southern Toussian": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Tonga (in Zambia)": "Predominantly prefixing", "Tepehuan (Northern)": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Tapieté": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Teribe": "Predominantly suffixing", "Trique (Copala)": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Tirmaga": "Predominantly suffixing", "Tairora": "Predominantly suffixing", "Trumai": "Predominantly suffixing", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "Predominantly suffixing", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Tamashek": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Tsez": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Tutelo": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Tetun": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Tsova-Tush": "Predominantly suffixing", "Tucano": "Predominantly suffixing", "Tukang Besi": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Tunica": "Predominantly suffixing", "Turkish": "Predominantly suffixing", "Tuscarora": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Tuvan": "Predominantly suffixing", "Tatar": "Predominantly suffixing", "Tarahumara (Western)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Tiwa (Northern)": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Totonac (Xicotepec de Juárez)": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Tzotzil": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Tzutujil": "Predominantly prefixing", "Ubykh": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Udi": "Predominantly suffixing", "Udmurt": "Predominantly suffixing", "Uradhi": "Predominantly suffixing", "Ukrainian": "Predominantly suffixing", "Uldeme": "Predominantly prefixing", "Ulithian": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Una": "Predominantly suffixing", "Ungarinjin": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Urdu": "Predominantly suffixing", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Urak Lawoi'": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Urarina": "Predominantly suffixing", "Urat": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Usarufa": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Ute": "Predominantly suffixing", "Uyghur": "Predominantly suffixing", "Uzbek": "Predominantly suffixing", "Vai": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Vietnamese": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Wagiman": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Wahgi": "Predominantly suffixing", "Wakhi": "Predominantly suffixing", "Walman": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Wambaya": "Predominantly suffixing", "Waorani": "Predominantly suffixing", "Wappo": "Predominantly suffixing", "Wari'": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Washo": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Watjarri": "Predominantly suffixing", "Waunana": "Predominantly suffixing", "Wambon": "Predominantly suffixing", "Wichí": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Wedau": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Welsh": "Predominantly suffixing", "Wembawemba": "Predominantly suffixing", "Wichita": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Wikchamni": "Predominantly suffixing", "Wintu": "Predominantly suffixing", "Wiyot": "Predominantly suffixing", "Wolof": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Wolio": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Wolaytta": "Predominantly suffixing", "West Makian": "Predominantly prefixing", "Wik Munkan": "Predominantly suffixing", "Woleaian": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Warao": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Warrnambool": "Predominantly suffixing", "Wardaman": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Warrgamay": "Predominantly suffixing", "Warekena": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Warlpiri": "Predominantly suffixing", "Warndarang": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Warrwa": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Waskia": "Predominantly suffixing", "Xârâcùù": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Xasonga": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Xavánte": "Moderate preference for prefixing", "Kombio": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Xhosa": "Predominantly prefixing", "Yagua": "Predominantly suffixing", "Yale (Kosarek)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Yapese": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Yaqui": "Predominantly suffixing", "Yareba": "Predominantly suffixing", "Yagaria": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Yidiny": "Predominantly suffixing", "Yimas": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Yindjibarndi": "Predominantly suffixing", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Yakut": "Predominantly suffixing", "Yingkarta": "Predominantly suffixing", "Yokuts (Yaudanchi)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Yoruba": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Yup'ik (Central)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Yukaghir (Tundra)": "Predominantly suffixing", "Yuchi": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Yukulta": "Predominantly suffixing", "Yulu": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Yurok": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Yuwaalaraay": "Predominantly suffixing", "Yawelmani": "Predominantly suffixing", "Beria": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Zapotec (Isthmus)": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Zande": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Zapotec (Mitla)": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Zayse": "Predominantly suffixing", "Zhuang (Northern)": "Little or no inflectional morphology", "Zaparo": "Moderate preference for suffixing", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Zoque (Ostuacan)": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Popoluca (Sierra)": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing", "Zulu": "Predominantly prefixing", "Zapotec (Zoogocho)": "Approximately equal amounts of suffixing and prefixing" }
27A
Reduplication
Morphology
How is reduplication expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Productive full and partial reduplication; Full reduplication only; No productive reduplication
{ "Abkhaz": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Alabama": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Andoke": "No productive reduplication", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Agta (Central)": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Aghul": "No productive reduplication", "Ainu": "Full reduplication only", "Akan": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Alamblak": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Alawa": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Alyawarra": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Amele": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Amharic": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Apinayé": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Apalaí": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Apurinã": "No productive reduplication", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Full reduplication only", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Armenian (Western)": "Full reduplication only", "Asmat": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Assamese": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Arabic (Syrian)": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Awa Pit": "No productive reduplication", "Aymara (Central)": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Bagirmi": "Full reduplication only", "Bajau (Sama)": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Balinese": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Bella Coola": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Beja": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Bisa": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Bikol": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Bole": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Biloxi": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Bandjalang": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Baniwa": "No productive reduplication", "Burmese": "Full reduplication only", "Barasano": "No productive reduplication", "Bislama": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Basque": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Burarra": "Full reduplication only", "Bulu": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Cahuilla": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Carib": "No productive reduplication", "Campa (Axininca)": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Chumash (Barbareño)": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Chickasaw": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Cocopa": "Full reduplication only", "Choctaw": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Chamorro": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Chaha": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Chukchi": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Chehalis (Upper)": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Chrau": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Chumash (Ineseño)": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Clallam": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Full reduplication only", "Chemakum": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Comanche": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Comox": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Canela": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Coeur d'Alene": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Chol": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Coos (Hanis)": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Rumsien": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Cree (Plains)": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Catalan": "No productive reduplication", "Chuukese": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Chavacano": "Full reduplication only", "Columbia-Wenatchi": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Cayuvava": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Daga": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Dahalo": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Dagaare": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Dhimal": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Diyari": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Djingili": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Djapu": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Djaru": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Drehu": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Dari": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Dyirbal": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "English": "No productive reduplication", "Epena Pedee": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Erromangan": "Full reduplication only", "Evenki": "No productive reduplication", "Ewe": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Fijian": "Full reduplication only", "Finnish": "No productive reduplication", "Fox": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "French": "No productive reduplication", "Fulfulde (Adamawa)": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Gaelic (Scots)": "No productive reduplication", "Garo": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Georgian": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "German": "No productive reduplication", "Gumatj": "Full reduplication only", "Gooniyandi": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Greek (Modern)": "No productive reduplication", "Greenlandic (West)": "No productive reduplication", "Gumbaynggir": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Hamtai": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Hausa": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Hawaiian": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Hiligaynon": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Hindi": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Hixkaryana": "No productive reduplication", "Hualapai": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Halkomelem (Upriver)": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Hmong Njua": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Hopi": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Harari": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Huastec": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Huichol": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Hungarian": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "Full reduplication only", "Hunzib": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Iaai": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Igbo": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Ika": "No productive reduplication", "Ilocano": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Indonesian": "Full reduplication only", "Irish": "No productive reduplication", "Italian": "No productive reduplication", "Itzaj": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Jakaltek": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Jaqaru": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Japanese": "Full reduplication only", "Karó (Arára)": "Full reduplication only", "Kayardild": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Koromfe": "No productive reduplication", "Khalkha": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Khmer": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Nama": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Khasi": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Kikuyu": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Kiowa": "No productive reduplication", "Kunjen": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Lusi": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Klamath": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Kalispel": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Kilivila": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Kamaiurá": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Kannada": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Kanuri": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Koasati": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Kolami": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Kola": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Korean": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Koya": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Kapampangan": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Kiribati": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Karok": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Krongo": "No productive reduplication", "Korowai": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Kuot": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Kutenai": "No productive reduplication", "Kwakw'ala": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Kuku-Yalanji": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Lacandón": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Lango": "No productive reduplication", "Lavukaleve": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Lezgian": "No productive reduplication", "Lillooet": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Lakhota": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Lampung": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Lardil": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Luiseño": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Luo": "Full reduplication only", "Lushootseed": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Luvale": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Majang": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Malagasy": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Mam": "No productive reduplication", "Maori": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Maricopa": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Maung": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Maninka (Western)": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Maybrat": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Miwok (Central Sierra)": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Madurese": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Meithei": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Menomini": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Minangkabau": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Miya": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Mixtec (Jamiltepec)": "No productive reduplication", "Mikasuki": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Makassar": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Maranungku": "Full reduplication only", "Malakmalak": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Mangap-Mbula": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Mari (Meadow)": "No productive reduplication", "Mandarin": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Maidu (Northeast)": "No productive reduplication", "Manam": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Margany": "Full reduplication only", "Mojave": "No productive reduplication", "Mokilese": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Mooré": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Mosetén": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Murrinh-Patha": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Mara": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Marquesan": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Martuthunira": "Full reduplication only", "Marshallese": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Muher": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Mwera": "Full reduplication only", "Mixtec (Alacatlatzala)": "Full reduplication only", "Mangarrayi": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Malayalam": "Full reduplication only", "Nakanai": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Nauruan": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Navajo": "No productive reduplication", "Ndebele": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Nande": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Ndyuka": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Nez Perce": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Nganasan": "No productive reduplication", "Ngiyambaa": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Ngankikurungkurr": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Ngalakan": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Ngawun": "Full reduplication only", "Nahuatl (Central)": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Nias": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Nivkh": "Full reduplication only", "Nukuoro": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Nancowry": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Nisenan": "No productive reduplication", "Nenets": "No productive reduplication", "Nunggubuyu": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Nuuchahnulth": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Nyigina": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Ojibwa (Severn)": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Okanagan": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Olo": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Oneida": "No productive reduplication", "O'odham": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Oromo (Harar)": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Orokaiva": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Pacoh": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Paiwan": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Panjabi": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Paumarí": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Pingilapese": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Pipil": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Paakantyi": "Full reduplication only", "Paamese": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Pangasinan": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Pohnpeian": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Portuguese": "No productive reduplication", "Pitta Pitta": "Full reduplication only", "Pirahã": "No productive reduplication", "Persian": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Pashto": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Puluwat": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Paiute (Southern)": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Pawnee": "No productive reduplication", "Quechua (Ayacucho)": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Full reduplication only", "Quileute": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Rapanui": "Full reduplication only", "Ritharngu": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Rembarnga": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Rundi": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Runyankore": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Rotuman": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Rukai (Tanan)": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Russian": "No productive reduplication", "Samoan": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Sedang": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Seri": "No productive reduplication", "Sesotho": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Klikitat": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Shuswap": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Siuslaw": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Slave": "No productive reduplication", "Semelai": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Somali": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Spanish": "No productive reduplication", "Spokane": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Squamish": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Sirionó": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Siroi": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Siraya": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Salish (Straits)": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Santali": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Sundanese": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Swahili": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Sawai": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Swati": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Tagalog": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Tübatulabal": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Tigak": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Tigré": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Thai": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Thompson": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Thao": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Tidore": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Tigrinya": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Tillamook": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Timugon": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Tinrin": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Tiwi": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Tiipay (Jamul)": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Turkmen": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Tlapanec": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Tamil": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Temiar": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Tanacross": "No productive reduplication", "Tongan": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Tojolabal": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Totonac (Misantla)": "No productive reduplication", "Tepehuan (Southeastern)": "Full reduplication only", "Trumai": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Tausug": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Tsou": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Tswana": "Full reduplication only", "Tukang Besi": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Turkish": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Tuvan": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Twana": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Tzeltal": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Tzotzil": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Uradhi": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Ungarinjin": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Uyghur": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Vietnamese": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Wappo": "No productive reduplication", "Wari'": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Washo": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Watjarri": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Wichí": "No productive reduplication", "Welsh": "No productive reduplication", "Wichita": "No productive reduplication", "Wikchamni": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Wolof": "Full reduplication only", "Wik Munkan": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Wardaman": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Warekena": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Warlpiri": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Waray (in Australia)": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Waskia": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Waray-Waray": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Xavánte": "No productive reduplication", "Xhosa": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Yagua": "No productive reduplication", "Yana": "No productive reduplication", "Yaqui": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Yucatec": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Yidiny": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Yimas": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Yindjibarndi": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Yir Yoront": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "No productive reduplication", "Yankuntjatjara": "Full reduplication only", "Yanyuwa": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Yoruba": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Yup'ik (Central)": "No productive reduplication", "Yuchi": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Yukulta": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Yurok": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Yawelmani": "Productive full and partial reduplication", "Zhuang (Northern)": "Full reduplication only", "Zulu": "Full reduplication only", "Zuni": "No productive reduplication" }
28A
Case Syncretism
Morphology
How is case syncretism expressed in inflectional case marking in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal; Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core cases only; Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core and non-core cases; Inflectional case marking is never syncretic
{ "Abipón": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Abkhaz": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Acoma": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Ainu": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Alamblak": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Amele": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Araona": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core and non-core cases", "Apurinã": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core and non-core cases", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Asmat": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Awa Pit": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Aymara (Central)": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Bagirmi": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Bambara": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Bawm": "Inflectional case marking is never syncretic", "Beja": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Batak (Karo)": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Brahui": "Inflectional case marking is never syncretic", "Bribri": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Burmese": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Barasano": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Basque": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core cases only", "Burushaski": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core and non-core cases", "Cahuilla": "Inflectional case marking is never syncretic", "Carib": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Cocopa": "Inflectional case marking is never syncretic", "Chamorro": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Chukchi": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core and non-core cases", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Comanche": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core and non-core cases", "Canela": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Coos (Hanis)": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Cree (Plains)": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Cayuvava": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Daga": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Diola-Fogny": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Drehu": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Ekari": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "English": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core cases only", "Epena Pedee": "Inflectional case marking is never syncretic", "Evenki": "Inflectional case marking is never syncretic", "Ewe": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Fijian": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core cases only", "Finnish": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core and non-core cases", "French": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core and non-core cases", "Fur": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Garo": "Inflectional case marking is never syncretic", "Georgian": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core and non-core cases", "German": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core and non-core cases", "Gooniyandi": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Grebo": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Greek (Modern)": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core and non-core cases", "Greenlandic (West)": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core cases only", "Guaraní": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Haida": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Hamtai": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Hausa": "Inflectional case marking is never syncretic", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Hindi": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core and non-core cases", "Hixkaryana": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Huitoto (Minica)": "Inflectional case marking is never syncretic", "Hmong Njua": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Hungarian": "Inflectional case marking is never syncretic", "Hunzib": "Inflectional case marking is never syncretic", "Igbo": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Ika": "Inflectional case marking is never syncretic", "Imonda": "Inflectional case marking is never syncretic", "Indonesian": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Ingush": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core and non-core cases", "Irish": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core and non-core cases", "Iraqw": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Jakaltek": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Japanese": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Ju|'hoan": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Kayardild": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core and non-core cases", "Kera": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Ket": "Inflectional case marking is never syncretic", "Kewa": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Koromfe": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Khalkha": "Inflectional case marking is never syncretic", "Khmer": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Nama": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Khasi": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Kiowa": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Kilivila": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Khmu'": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Kannada": "Inflectional case marking is never syncretic", "Kunama": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Kanuri": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Koasati": "Inflectional case marking is never syncretic", "Kobon": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Kongo": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Korean": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Kiribati": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Karok": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Krongo": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core and non-core cases", "Koyraboro Senni": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Kutenai": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Ladakhi": "Inflectional case marking is never syncretic", "Lak": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core cases only", "Lango": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Latvian": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core and non-core cases", "Lavukaleve": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Lepcha": "Inflectional case marking is never syncretic", "Lezgian": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core and non-core cases", "Lakhota": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Luvale": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Maba": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Malagasy": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Maori": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Mapudungun": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Maricopa": "Inflectional case marking is never syncretic", "Maung": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Maybrat": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Meithei": "Inflectional case marking is never syncretic", "Maranungku": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Mandarin": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Marind": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Murle": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core cases only", "Martuthunira": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core and non-core cases", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Inflectional case marking is never syncretic", "Mundari": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Mangarrayi": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core cases only", "Navajo": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Inflectional case marking is never syncretic", "Ndyuka": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Nez Perce": "Inflectional case marking is never syncretic", "Ngiyambaa": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core and non-core cases", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Nivkh": "Inflectional case marking is never syncretic", "Nkore-Kiga": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Ngiti": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Nenets": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core and non-core cases", "Nunggubuyu": "Inflectional case marking is never syncretic", "Oromo (Harar)": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core cases only", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Paiwan": "Inflectional case marking is never syncretic", "Paumarí": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core cases only", "Pitjantjatjara": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core cases only", "Paamese": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Pirahã": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Persian": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Inflectional case marking is never syncretic", "Qawasqar": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Inflectional case marking is never syncretic", "Rama": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Rapanui": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Russian": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core and non-core cases", "Sango": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Selknam": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Slave": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Sanuma": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Sentani": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Spanish": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core and non-core cases", "Squamish": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Suena": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core cases only", "Supyire": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Swahili": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Taba": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Tagalog": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Thai": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Tiwi": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Tlingit": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Trumai": "Inflectional case marking is never syncretic", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Tukang Besi": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Tunica": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Turkish": "Inflectional case marking is never syncretic", "Una": "Inflectional case marking is never syncretic", "Ungarinjin": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Usan": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Vietnamese": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Wambaya": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core cases only", "Wari'": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Wichí": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Wichita": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Warao": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core cases only", "Wardaman": "Inflectional case marking is never syncretic", "Yagua": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Yaqui": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core cases only", "Yidiny": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core cases only", "Yimas": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core cases only", "Yoruba": "Inflectional case marking is never syncretic", "Yup'ik (Central)": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core cases only", "Yuchi": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal", "Yurok": "Inflectional case marking is syncretic for core cases only", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Inflectional case marking is never syncretic", "Zulu": "Inflectional case marking is absent or minimal" }
29A
Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking
Morphology
What is the pattern of subject person/number marking in the <LANGUAGE> language?
No subject person/number marking; Subject person/number marking is syncretic; Subject person/number marking is never syncretic
{ "Abipón": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Abkhaz": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Acoma": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Ainu": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Alamblak": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Amele": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Araona": "No subject person/number marking", "Apurinã": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Asmat": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Awa Pit": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Aymara (Central)": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Bagirmi": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Bambara": "No subject person/number marking", "Bawm": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Beja": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Batak (Karo)": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Brahui": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Bribri": "No subject person/number marking", "Burmese": "No subject person/number marking", "Barasano": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Basque": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Burushaski": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Cahuilla": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Carib": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Cocopa": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Chamorro": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Chukchi": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Comanche": "No subject person/number marking", "Canela": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Coos (Hanis)": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Cree (Plains)": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Cayuvava": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Daga": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Diola-Fogny": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Drehu": "No subject person/number marking", "Ekari": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "English": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Epena Pedee": "No subject person/number marking", "Evenki": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Ewe": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Fijian": "No subject person/number marking", "Finnish": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "French": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Fur": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Garo": "No subject person/number marking", "Georgian": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "German": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Gooniyandi": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Grebo": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Greek (Modern)": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Greenlandic (West)": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Guaraní": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Haida": "No subject person/number marking", "Hamtai": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Hausa": "No subject person/number marking", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Hindi": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Hixkaryana": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Huitoto (Minica)": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Hmong Njua": "No subject person/number marking", "Hungarian": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Hunzib": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Igbo": "No subject person/number marking", "Ika": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Imonda": "No subject person/number marking", "Indonesian": "No subject person/number marking", "Ingush": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Irish": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Iraqw": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Jakaltek": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Japanese": "No subject person/number marking", "Ju|'hoan": "No subject person/number marking", "Kayardild": "No subject person/number marking", "Kera": "No subject person/number marking", "Ket": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Kewa": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Koromfe": "No subject person/number marking", "Khalkha": "No subject person/number marking", "Khmer": "No subject person/number marking", "Nama": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Khasi": "No subject person/number marking", "Kiowa": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Kilivila": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Khmu'": "No subject person/number marking", "Kannada": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Kunama": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Kanuri": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Koasati": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Kobon": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Kongo": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Korean": "No subject person/number marking", "Kiribati": "No subject person/number marking", "Karok": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Krongo": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Koyraboro Senni": "No subject person/number marking", "Kutenai": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "No subject person/number marking", "Ladakhi": "No subject person/number marking", "Lak": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Lango": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Latvian": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Lavukaleve": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Lepcha": "No subject person/number marking", "Lezgian": "No subject person/number marking", "Lakhota": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Luvale": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Maba": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Malagasy": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Maori": "No subject person/number marking", "Mapudungun": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Maricopa": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Maung": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Maybrat": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Meithei": "No subject person/number marking", "Maranungku": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Mandarin": "No subject person/number marking", "Marind": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Murle": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Martuthunira": "No subject person/number marking", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Mundari": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Mangarrayi": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Navajo": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Ndyuka": "No subject person/number marking", "Nez Perce": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Ngiyambaa": "No subject person/number marking", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Nivkh": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Nkore-Kiga": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Ngiti": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Nenets": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Nunggubuyu": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Oneida": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Oromo (Harar)": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Paiwan": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Paumarí": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Pitjantjatjara": "No subject person/number marking", "Paamese": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Pirahã": "No subject person/number marking", "Persian": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "No subject person/number marking", "Qawasqar": "No subject person/number marking", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Rama": "No subject person/number marking", "Rapanui": "No subject person/number marking", "Russian": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Sango": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Selknam": "No subject person/number marking", "Shipibo-Konibo": "No subject person/number marking", "Slave": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Sanuma": "No subject person/number marking", "Sentani": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Spanish": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Squamish": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Suena": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Supyire": "No subject person/number marking", "Swahili": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Taba": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Tagalog": "No subject person/number marking", "Thai": "No subject person/number marking", "Tiwi": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Tlingit": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Trumai": "No subject person/number marking", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Tukang Besi": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Tunica": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Turkish": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Una": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Ungarinjin": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Usan": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Vietnamese": "No subject person/number marking", "Wambaya": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Wari'": "No subject person/number marking", "Wichí": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Wichita": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Warao": "No subject person/number marking", "Wardaman": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Yagua": "No subject person/number marking", "Yaqui": "No subject person/number marking", "Yidiny": "No subject person/number marking", "Yimas": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic", "Yoruba": "No subject person/number marking", "Yup'ik (Central)": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Yuchi": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Yurok": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Subject person/number marking is never syncretic", "Zulu": "Subject person/number marking is syncretic" }
30A
Number of Genders
Nominal Categories
How many genders are present in the <LANGUAGE> language?
None; Two; Three; Four; Five or more
{ "Abkhaz": "Three", "Arabana": "None", "Arbore": "Two", "Acoma": "None", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Two", "Alagwa": "Two", "Ainu": "None", "Alamblak": "Two", "Aleut": "None", "Amele": "None", "Amharic": "Two", "Apurinã": "Two", "Archi": "Four", "Arabic (Gulf)": "Two", "Armenian (Eastern)": "None", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Five or more", "Asmat": "None", "Arabic (Syrian)": "Two", "Awa Pit": "None", "Babungo": "Five or more", "Bagirmi": "None", "Bawm": "None", "Bininj Gun-Wok": "Four", "Beja": "Two", "Batak (Karo)": "None", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Two", "Brahui": "None", "Burmese": "None", "Barasano": "Three", "Basque": "None", "Burushaski": "Four", "Bayso": "Two", "Cahuilla": "None", "Carib": "None", "Campa (Axininca)": "Two", "Cocopa": "None", "Chamorro": "None", "Chimariko": "None", "Chukchi": "None", "Chuvash": "None", "Chichewa": "Five or more", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Two", "Comanche": "None", "Canela": "None", "Cantonese": "None", "Coos (Hanis)": "None", "Cree (Plains)": "Two", "Cayuvava": "None", "Daga": "None", "Defaka": "Three", "Diola-Fogny": "Five or more", "Diyari": "Two", "Dizi": "Two", "Djaru": "None", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "None", "Dong (Southern)": "None", "Dyirbal": "Four", "English": "Three", "Epena Pedee": "None", "Erromangan": "None", "Evenki": "None", "Ewe": "None", "Fula (Guinean)": "Five or more", "Fijian": "None", "Finnish": "None", "French": "Two", "Gaelic (Scots)": "Two", "Godié": "Four", "Georgian": "None", "German": "Three", "Godoberi": "Three", "Gooniyandi": "None", "Grebo": "Three", "Greek (Modern)": "Three", "Greenlandic (West)": "None", "Guaraní": "None", "Guugu Yimidhirr": "None", "Haida": "None", "Hatam": "None", "Hausa": "Two", "Hawaiian": "None", "Hayu": "None", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Two", "Hindi": "Two", "Hixkaryana": "Two", "Hmong Njua": "None", "Hungarian": "None", "Hunzib": "Five or more", "Iaai": "None", "Icelandic": "Three", "Igbo": "None", "Ika": "None", "Imonda": "None", "Indonesian": "None", "Ingush": "Five or more", "Iraqw": "Two", "Itelmen": "None", "Jaqaru": "None", "Ju|'hoan": "Five or more", "Kambera": "None", "Kashmiri": "Two", "Kayardild": "None", "Ket": "Three", "Kewa": "None", "Koromfe": "Three", "Kirghiz": "None", "Khalkha": "None", "Khakas": "None", "Khalaj": "None", "Khmer": "None", "Nama": "Three", "Khasi": "Two", "Kisi": "Five or more", "Kilivila": "None", "Khmu'": "Two", "Kannada": "Three", "Kanuri": "None", "Koasati": "None", "Kobon": "None", "Kolami": "Two", "Kongo": "Five or more", "Karok": "None", "Koyraboro Senni": "None", "Kutenai": "None", "Ladakhi": "None", "Lahu": "None", "Lak": "Four", "Lango": "None", "Latvian": "Two", "Lavukaleve": "Three", "Lele": "Two", "Lepcha": "None", "Lezgian": "None", "Lingala": "Five or more", "Luvale": "Five or more", "Macushi": "Two", "Makah": "None", "Malagasy": "None", "Maori": "None", "Mapudungun": "None", "Maricopa": "None", "Maung": "Five or more", "Maybrat": "Two", "Meithei": "None", "Marathi": "Three", "Miya": "Two", "Maltese": "Two", "Mandarin": "None", "Mansi": "None", "Margany": "None", "Mokilese": "None", "Mosetén": "Two", "Marind": "Four", "Murle": "None", "Martuthunira": "None", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "None", "Mundari": "Two", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Five or more", "Mangarrayi": "Three", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "None", "Nicobarese (Car)": "Three", "Ndyuka": "None", "Nez Perce": "None", "Ngan'gityemerri": "Five or more", "Ngiyambaa": "None", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "None", "Nivkh": "None", "Nkore-Kiga": "Five or more", "Nenets": "None", "Nunggubuyu": "Five or more", "Nyiha": "Five or more", "Nyamwezi": "Five or more", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "Two", "Oneida": "Three", "Oromo (Harar)": "Two", "Orok": "None", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "None", "Paiwan": "None", "Palauan": "None", "Panjabi": "Two", "Paumarí": "Four", "Pileni": "None", "Pipil": "None", "Pitjantjatjara": "None", "Pomo (Central)": "None", "Pitta Pitta": "Two", "Pirahã": "Four", "Persian": "None", "Pashto": "Two", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Two", "Qafar": "Two", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "None", "Rama": "None", "Rapanui": "None", "Rendille": "Two", "Retuarã": "Three", "Russian": "Three", "Sango": "None", "Sawu": "None", "Shipibo-Konibo": "None", "Shona": "Five or more", "Semelai": "None", "Sahaptin (Umatilla)": "None", "Seneca": "Three", "Sentani": "None", "Spanish": "Two", "Sirionó": "None", "Suena": "None", "Supyire": "Five or more", "Swahili": "Five or more", "Taba": "None", "Tagalog": "Two", "Taiap": "Two", "Tigré": "Two", "Thai": "None", "Thompson": "None", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "None", "Tidore": "Three", "Tiwi": "Two", "Tamil": "Three", "Tol": "None", "Totonac (Misantla)": "None", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "None", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "None", "Tsez": "Four", "Tukang Besi": "None", "Tunica": "Two", "Turkish": "None", "Tuvaluan": "None", "Uradhi": "None", "Ukrainian": "Three", "Una": "None", "Urubú-Kaapor": "None", "Usan": "None", "Uzbek": "None", "Vietnamese": "None", "Wambaya": "Four", "Wari'": "Three", "Watjarri": "None", "Wichita": "None", "Warao": "None", "Wardaman": "Three", "Yaqui": "None", "Yazgulyam": "Two", "Yelî Dnye": "None", "Yidiny": "None", "Yimas": "Five or more", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "None", "Yakut": "None", "Yulparija": "None", "Yoruba": "None", "Yup'ik (Central)": "None", "Yurok": "None", "Zande": "Four", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "None", "Zulu": "Five or more", "Zuni": "None" }
31A
Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems
Nominal Categories
Which type of gender system is present in the <LANGUAGE> language?
No gender system; Sex-based gender system; Non-sex-based gender system
{ "Abkhaz": "Sex-based gender system", "Arabana": "No gender system", "Arbore": "Sex-based gender system", "Acoma": "No gender system", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Sex-based gender system", "Alagwa": "Sex-based gender system", "Ainu": "No gender system", "Alamblak": "Sex-based gender system", "Aleut": "No gender system", "Amele": "No gender system", "Amharic": "Sex-based gender system", "Apurinã": "Sex-based gender system", "Archi": "Sex-based gender system", "Arabic (Gulf)": "Sex-based gender system", "Armenian (Eastern)": "No gender system", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Sex-based gender system", "Asmat": "No gender system", "Arabic (Syrian)": "Sex-based gender system", "Awa Pit": "No gender system", "Babungo": "Non-sex-based gender system", "Bagirmi": "No gender system", "Bawm": "No gender system", "Bininj Gun-Wok": "Sex-based gender system", "Beja": "Sex-based gender system", "Batak (Karo)": "No gender system", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Sex-based gender system", "Brahui": "No gender system", "Burmese": "No gender system", "Barasano": "Sex-based gender system", "Basque": "No gender system", "Burushaski": "Sex-based gender system", "Bayso": "Sex-based gender system", "Cahuilla": "No gender system", "Carib": "No gender system", "Campa (Axininca)": "Sex-based gender system", "Cocopa": "No gender system", "Chamorro": "No gender system", "Chimariko": "No gender system", "Chukchi": "No gender system", "Chuvash": "No gender system", "Chichewa": "Non-sex-based gender system", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Non-sex-based gender system", "Comanche": "No gender system", "Canela": "No gender system", "Cantonese": "No gender system", "Coos (Hanis)": "No gender system", "Cree (Plains)": "Non-sex-based gender system", "Cayuvava": "No gender system", "Daga": "No gender system", "Defaka": "Sex-based gender system", "Diola-Fogny": "Non-sex-based gender system", "Diyari": "Sex-based gender system", "Dizi": "Sex-based gender system", "Djaru": "No gender system", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "No gender system", "Dong (Southern)": "No gender system", "Dyirbal": "Sex-based gender system", "English": "Sex-based gender system", "Epena Pedee": "No gender system", "Erromangan": "No gender system", "Evenki": "No gender system", "Ewe": "No gender system", "Fula (Guinean)": "Non-sex-based gender system", "Fijian": "No gender system", "Finnish": "No gender system", "French": "Sex-based gender system", "Gaelic (Scots)": "Sex-based gender system", "Godié": "Non-sex-based gender system", "Georgian": "No gender system", "German": "Sex-based gender system", "Godoberi": "Sex-based gender system", "Gooniyandi": "No gender system", "Grebo": "Non-sex-based gender system", "Greek (Modern)": "Sex-based gender system", "Greenlandic (West)": "No gender system", "Guaraní": "No gender system", "Guugu Yimidhirr": "No gender system", "Haida": "No gender system", "Hatam": "No gender system", "Hausa": "Sex-based gender system", "Hawaiian": "No gender system", "Hayu": "No gender system", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Sex-based gender system", "Hindi": "Sex-based gender system", "Hixkaryana": "Non-sex-based gender system", "Hmong Njua": "No gender system", "Hungarian": "No gender system", "Hunzib": "Sex-based gender system", "Iaai": "No gender system", "Icelandic": "Sex-based gender system", "Igbo": "No gender system", "Ika": "No gender system", "Imonda": "No gender system", "Indonesian": "No gender system", "Ingush": "Sex-based gender system", "Iraqw": "Sex-based gender system", "Itelmen": "No gender system", "Jaqaru": "No gender system", "Ju|'hoan": "Non-sex-based gender system", "Kambera": "No gender system", "Kashmiri": "Sex-based gender system", "Kayardild": "No gender system", "Ket": "Sex-based gender system", "Kewa": "No gender system", "Koromfe": "Non-sex-based gender system", "Kirghiz": "No gender system", "Khalkha": "No gender system", "Khakas": "No gender system", "Khalaj": "No gender system", "Khmer": "No gender system", "Nama": "Sex-based gender system", "Khasi": "Sex-based gender system", "Kisi": "Non-sex-based gender system", "Kilivila": "No gender system", "Khmu'": "Sex-based gender system", "Kannada": "Sex-based gender system", "Kanuri": "No gender system", "Koasati": "No gender system", "Kobon": "No gender system", "Kolami": "Sex-based gender system", "Kongo": "Non-sex-based gender system", "Karok": "No gender system", "Koyraboro Senni": "No gender system", "Kutenai": "No gender system", "Ladakhi": "No gender system", "Lahu": "No gender system", "Lak": "Sex-based gender system", "Lango": "No gender system", "Latvian": "Sex-based gender system", "Lavukaleve": "Sex-based gender system", "Lele": "Sex-based gender system", "Lepcha": "No gender system", "Lezgian": "No gender system", "Lingala": "Non-sex-based gender system", "Luvale": "Non-sex-based gender system", "Macushi": "Non-sex-based gender system", "Makah": "No gender system", "Malagasy": "No gender system", "Maori": "No gender system", "Mapudungun": "No gender system", "Maricopa": "No gender system", "Maung": "Sex-based gender system", "Maybrat": "Sex-based gender system", "Meithei": "No gender system", "Marathi": "Sex-based gender system", "Miya": "Sex-based gender system", "Maltese": "Sex-based gender system", "Mandarin": "No gender system", "Mansi": "No gender system", "Margany": "No gender system", "Mokilese": "No gender system", "Mosetén": "Sex-based gender system", "Marind": "Sex-based gender system", "Murle": "No gender system", "Martuthunira": "No gender system", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "No gender system", "Mundari": "Non-sex-based gender system", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Sex-based gender system", "Mangarrayi": "Sex-based gender system", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "No gender system", "Nicobarese (Car)": "Non-sex-based gender system", "Ndyuka": "No gender system", "Nez Perce": "No gender system", "Ngan'gityemerri": "Sex-based gender system", "Ngiyambaa": "No gender system", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "No gender system", "Nivkh": "No gender system", "Nkore-Kiga": "Non-sex-based gender system", "Nenets": "No gender system", "Nunggubuyu": "Sex-based gender system", "Nyiha": "Non-sex-based gender system", "Nyamwezi": "Non-sex-based gender system", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "Non-sex-based gender system", "Oneida": "Sex-based gender system", "Oromo (Harar)": "Sex-based gender system", "Orok": "No gender system", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "No gender system", "Paiwan": "No gender system", "Palauan": "No gender system", "Panjabi": "Sex-based gender system", "Paumarí": "Sex-based gender system", "Pileni": "No gender system", "Pipil": "No gender system", "Pitjantjatjara": "No gender system", "Pomo (Central)": "No gender system", "Pitta Pitta": "Sex-based gender system", "Pirahã": "Sex-based gender system", "Persian": "No gender system", "Pashto": "Sex-based gender system", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Non-sex-based gender system", "Qafar": "Sex-based gender system", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "No gender system", "Rama": "No gender system", "Rapanui": "No gender system", "Rendille": "Sex-based gender system", "Retuarã": "Sex-based gender system", "Russian": "Sex-based gender system", "Sango": "No gender system", "Sawu": "No gender system", "Shipibo-Konibo": "No gender system", "Shona": "Non-sex-based gender system", "Semelai": "No gender system", "Sahaptin (Umatilla)": "No gender system", "Seneca": "Sex-based gender system", "Sentani": "No gender system", "Spanish": "Sex-based gender system", "Sirionó": "No gender system", "Suena": "No gender system", "Supyire": "Non-sex-based gender system", "Swahili": "Non-sex-based gender system", "Taba": "No gender system", "Tagalog": "Sex-based gender system", "Taiap": "Sex-based gender system", "Tigré": "Sex-based gender system", "Thai": "No gender system", "Thompson": "No gender system", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "No gender system", "Tidore": "Sex-based gender system", "Tiwi": "Sex-based gender system", "Tamil": "Sex-based gender system", "Tol": "No gender system", "Totonac (Misantla)": "No gender system", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "No gender system", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "No gender system", "Tsez": "Sex-based gender system", "Tukang Besi": "No gender system", "Tunica": "Sex-based gender system", "Turkish": "No gender system", "Tuvaluan": "No gender system", "Uradhi": "No gender system", "Ukrainian": "Sex-based gender system", "Una": "No gender system", "Urubú-Kaapor": "No gender system", "Usan": "No gender system", "Uzbek": "No gender system", "Vietnamese": "No gender system", "Wambaya": "Sex-based gender system", "Wari'": "Sex-based gender system", "Watjarri": "No gender system", "Wichita": "No gender system", "Warao": "No gender system", "Wardaman": "Non-sex-based gender system", "Yaqui": "No gender system", "Yazgulyam": "Sex-based gender system", "Yelî Dnye": "No gender system", "Yidiny": "No gender system", "Yimas": "Sex-based gender system", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "No gender system", "Yakut": "No gender system", "Yulparija": "No gender system", "Yoruba": "No gender system", "Yup'ik (Central)": "No gender system", "Yurok": "No gender system", "Zande": "Sex-based gender system", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "No gender system", "Zulu": "Non-sex-based gender system", "Zuni": "No gender system" }
32A
Systems of Gender Assignment
Nominal Categories
How are genders assigned in the <LANGUAGE> language?
No gender system; Semantic assignment; Semantic and formal assignment
{ "Abkhaz": "Semantic assignment", "Arabana": "No gender system", "Arbore": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Acoma": "No gender system", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Alagwa": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Ainu": "No gender system", "Alamblak": "Semantic assignment", "Aleut": "No gender system", "Amele": "No gender system", "Amharic": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Apurinã": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Archi": "Semantic assignment", "Arabic (Gulf)": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Armenian (Eastern)": "No gender system", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Asmat": "No gender system", "Arabic (Syrian)": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Awa Pit": "No gender system", "Babungo": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Bagirmi": "No gender system", "Bawm": "No gender system", "Bininj Gun-Wok": "Semantic assignment", "Beja": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Batak (Karo)": "No gender system", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Brahui": "No gender system", "Burmese": "No gender system", "Barasano": "Semantic assignment", "Basque": "No gender system", "Burushaski": "Semantic assignment", "Bayso": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Cahuilla": "No gender system", "Carib": "No gender system", "Campa (Axininca)": "Semantic assignment", "Cocopa": "No gender system", "Chamorro": "No gender system", "Chimariko": "No gender system", "Chukchi": "No gender system", "Chuvash": "No gender system", "Chichewa": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Semantic assignment", "Comanche": "No gender system", "Canela": "No gender system", "Cantonese": "No gender system", "Coos (Hanis)": "No gender system", "Cree (Plains)": "Semantic assignment", "Cayuvava": "No gender system", "Daga": "No gender system", "Defaka": "Semantic assignment", "Diola-Fogny": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Diyari": "Semantic assignment", "Dizi": "Semantic assignment", "Djaru": "No gender system", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "No gender system", "Dong (Southern)": "No gender system", "Dyirbal": "Semantic assignment", "English": "Semantic assignment", "Epena Pedee": "No gender system", "Erromangan": "No gender system", "Evenki": "No gender system", "Ewe": "No gender system", "Fula (Guinean)": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Fijian": "No gender system", "Finnish": "No gender system", "French": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Gaelic (Scots)": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Godié": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Georgian": "No gender system", "German": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Godoberi": "Semantic assignment", "Gooniyandi": "No gender system", "Grebo": "Semantic assignment", "Greek (Modern)": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Greenlandic (West)": "No gender system", "Guaraní": "No gender system", "Guugu Yimidhirr": "No gender system", "Haida": "No gender system", "Hatam": "No gender system", "Hausa": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Hawaiian": "No gender system", "Hayu": "No gender system", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Hindi": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Hixkaryana": "Semantic assignment", "Hmong Njua": "No gender system", "Hungarian": "No gender system", "Hunzib": "Semantic assignment", "Iaai": "No gender system", "Icelandic": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Igbo": "No gender system", "Ika": "No gender system", "Imonda": "No gender system", "Indonesian": "No gender system", "Ingush": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Iraqw": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Itelmen": "No gender system", "Jaqaru": "No gender system", "Ju|'hoan": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Kambera": "No gender system", "Kashmiri": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Kayardild": "No gender system", "Ket": "Semantic assignment", "Kewa": "No gender system", "Koromfe": "Semantic assignment", "Kirghiz": "No gender system", "Khalkha": "No gender system", "Khakas": "No gender system", "Khalaj": "No gender system", "Khmer": "No gender system", "Nama": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Khasi": "Semantic assignment", "Kisi": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Kilivila": "No gender system", "Khmu'": "Semantic assignment", "Kannada": "Semantic assignment", "Kanuri": "No gender system", "Koasati": "No gender system", "Kobon": "No gender system", "Kolami": "Semantic assignment", "Kongo": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Karok": "No gender system", "Koyraboro Senni": "No gender system", "Kutenai": "No gender system", "Ladakhi": "No gender system", "Lahu": "No gender system", "Lak": "Semantic assignment", "Lango": "No gender system", "Latvian": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Lavukaleve": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Lele": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Lepcha": "No gender system", "Lezgian": "No gender system", "Lingala": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Luvale": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Macushi": "Semantic assignment", "Makah": "No gender system", "Malagasy": "No gender system", "Maori": "No gender system", "Mapudungun": "No gender system", "Maricopa": "No gender system", "Maung": "Semantic assignment", "Maybrat": "Semantic assignment", "Meithei": "No gender system", "Marathi": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Miya": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Maltese": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Mandarin": "No gender system", "Mansi": "No gender system", "Margany": "No gender system", "Mokilese": "No gender system", "Mosetén": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Marind": "Semantic assignment", "Murle": "No gender system", "Martuthunira": "No gender system", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "No gender system", "Mundari": "Semantic assignment", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Semantic assignment", "Mangarrayi": "Semantic assignment", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "No gender system", "Nicobarese (Car)": "Semantic assignment", "Ndyuka": "No gender system", "Nez Perce": "No gender system", "Ngan'gityemerri": "Semantic assignment", "Ngiyambaa": "No gender system", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "No gender system", "Nivkh": "No gender system", "Nkore-Kiga": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Nenets": "No gender system", "Nunggubuyu": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Nyiha": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Nyamwezi": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "Semantic assignment", "Oneida": "Semantic assignment", "Oromo (Harar)": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Orok": "No gender system", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "No gender system", "Paiwan": "No gender system", "Palauan": "No gender system", "Panjabi": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Paumarí": "Semantic assignment", "Pileni": "No gender system", "Pipil": "No gender system", "Pitjantjatjara": "No gender system", "Pomo (Central)": "No gender system", "Pitta Pitta": "Semantic assignment", "Pirahã": "Semantic assignment", "Persian": "No gender system", "Pashto": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Semantic assignment", "Qafar": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "No gender system", "Rama": "No gender system", "Rapanui": "No gender system", "Rendille": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Retuarã": "Semantic assignment", "Russian": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Sango": "No gender system", "Sawu": "No gender system", "Shipibo-Konibo": "No gender system", "Shona": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Semelai": "No gender system", "Sahaptin (Umatilla)": "No gender system", "Seneca": "Semantic assignment", "Sentani": "No gender system", "Spanish": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Sirionó": "No gender system", "Suena": "No gender system", "Supyire": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Swahili": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Taba": "No gender system", "Tagalog": "Semantic assignment", "Taiap": "Semantic assignment", "Tigré": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Thai": "No gender system", "Thompson": "No gender system", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "No gender system", "Tidore": "Semantic assignment", "Tiwi": "Semantic assignment", "Tamil": "Semantic assignment", "Tol": "No gender system", "Totonac (Misantla)": "No gender system", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "No gender system", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "No gender system", "Tsez": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Tukang Besi": "No gender system", "Tunica": "Semantic assignment", "Turkish": "No gender system", "Tuvaluan": "No gender system", "Uradhi": "No gender system", "Ukrainian": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Una": "No gender system", "Urubú-Kaapor": "No gender system", "Usan": "No gender system", "Uzbek": "No gender system", "Vietnamese": "No gender system", "Wambaya": "Semantic assignment", "Wari'": "Semantic assignment", "Watjarri": "No gender system", "Wichita": "No gender system", "Warao": "No gender system", "Wardaman": "Semantic assignment", "Yaqui": "No gender system", "Yazgulyam": "Semantic assignment", "Yelî Dnye": "No gender system", "Yidiny": "No gender system", "Yimas": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "No gender system", "Yakut": "No gender system", "Yulparija": "No gender system", "Yoruba": "No gender system", "Yup'ik (Central)": "No gender system", "Yurok": "No gender system", "Zande": "Semantic assignment", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "No gender system", "Zulu": "Semantic and formal assignment", "Zuni": "No gender system" }
33A
Coding of Nominal Plurality
Nominal Categories
How is nominal plurality expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Plural prefix; Plural suffix; Plural stem change; Plural tone; Plural by complete reduplication of stem; Morphological plural with no method primary; Plural word; Plural clitic; No plural
{ "Aari": "No plural", "Abipón": "Plural suffix", "Abkhaz": "Plural suffix", "Arabana": "Plural suffix", "Abun": "No plural", "Abui": "Plural word", "Acehnese": "No plural", "Achagua": "Plural suffix", "Acholi": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Acoma": "Plural suffix", "Adang": "No plural", "Adioukrou": "Plural prefix", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Agta (Central)": "Plural word", "Agta (Dupaningan)": "Plural word", "Angami": "Plural clitic", "Anguthimri": "Plural suffix", "Ainu": "Plural suffix", "Ajagbe": "Plural clitic", "Akan": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Alamblak": "Plural clitic", "Albanian": "Plural suffix", "Aleut": "Plural suffix", "Arop-Lokep": "Plural word", "Alune": "Plural suffix", "Alawa": "Plural prefix", "Alyawarra": "No plural", "Amele": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Amharic": "Plural suffix", "Ambae (Lolovoli Northeast)": "Plural word", "Amanab": "No plural", "Amo": "Plural prefix", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "No plural", "Ambai": "Plural clitic", "Arabic (Moroccan)": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Anamuxra": "Plural suffix", "Araona": "Plural word", "Angas": "Plural word", "Anejom": "Plural prefix", "Anindilyakwa": "Plural prefix", "Anufo": "Plural clitic", "Anywa": "Plural suffix", "Ao": "Plural suffix", "Mufian": "Plural word", "Apinayé": "Plural word", "Apalaí": "Plural word", "Apatani": "Plural word", "Apurinã": "Plural suffix", "Lokono": "Plural suffix", "Archi": "Plural suffix", "Arabic (Gulf)": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Arabic (Kuwaiti)": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Plural suffix", "Arosi": "Plural word", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Plural suffix", "Arabic (Iraqi)": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Armenian (Western)": "Plural suffix", "Asmat": "Plural suffix", "Arabic (Syrian)": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Athpare": "Plural suffix", "Avar": "Plural suffix", "Avikam": "Plural word", "Avokaya": "Plural suffix", "Awa": "Plural suffix", "Arrernte (Western)": "Plural suffix", "Awa Pit": "Plural suffix", "Awtuw": "Plural suffix", "Anyi": "Plural prefix", "Aymara (Central)": "Plural suffix", "Azerbaijani": "Plural suffix", "Azari (Iranian)": "Plural suffix", "Barai": "Plural suffix", "Baré": "Plural suffix", "Bagirmi": "Plural clitic", "Bai": "Plural word", "Baka (in Cameroon)": "Plural clitic", "Bambara": "Plural suffix", "Bao'an": "Plural clitic", "Baure": "Plural suffix", "Bari": "Plural suffix", "Basaá": "Plural prefix", "Bawm": "Plural word", "Bobo Madaré (Northern)": "Plural clitic", "Barambu": "Plural prefix", "Bininj Gun-Wok": "Plural prefix", "Bella Coola": "Plural prefix", "Badimaya": "Plural suffix", "Budu": "Plural prefix", "Beja": "Plural suffix", "Berta": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Berber (Figuig)": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Bafia": "Plural prefix", "Benga": "Plural prefix", "Bugun": "Plural suffix", "Bongo": "Plural clitic", "Bagiro": "Plural word", "Bhojpuri": "Plural suffix", "Bidiya": "Plural suffix", "Binga": "Plural suffix", "Biri": "No plural", "Biak": "Plural clitic", "Bilua": "Plural word", "Binandere": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Birom": "Plural prefix", "Baka (in South Sudan)": "Plural clitic", "Betta Kurumba": "Plural suffix", "Bikol": "Plural word", "Batak (Karo)": "Plural by complete reduplication of stem", "Bakueri": "Plural prefix", "Blackfoot": "Plural suffix", "Balangao": "Plural prefix", "Bilin": "Plural suffix", "Balti": "Plural suffix", "Bena-Lulua": "Plural prefix", "Biloxi": "No plural", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Berber (Mzab)": "Plural suffix", "Bunuba": "Plural clitic", "Bini": "No plural", "Bankon": "Plural prefix", "Banoni": "Plural word", "Bularnu": "Plural suffix", "Bobangi": "Plural prefix", "Bodo": "Plural suffix", "Breton": "Plural suffix", "Berber (Rif)": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Brahui": "Plural suffix", "Bribri": "Plural suffix", "Burmese": "Plural word", "Burunge": "Plural suffix", "Barupu": "No plural", "Barasano": "Plural suffix", "Baruya": "Plural clitic", "Bushoong": "Plural prefix", "Berber (Siwa)": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Bashkir": "Plural suffix", "Basque": "Plural clitic", "Betoi": "Plural suffix", "Bontok": "Plural prefix", "Batak (Toba)": "Plural word", "Buduma": "Plural suffix", "Bulgarian": "Plural suffix", "Buin": "Plural suffix", "Burushaski": "Plural suffix", "Busa": "Plural clitic", "Buriat": "Plural suffix", "Bali-Vitu": "Plural word", "Bajau (West Coast)": "Plural word", "Byansi": "Plural suffix", "Cahuilla": "Plural suffix", "Chai": "Plural suffix", "Cakchiquel": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Camsá": "Plural suffix", "Carib": "Plural suffix", "Cashibo": "Plural suffix", "Cavineña": "Plural clitic", "Campa (Axininca)": "Plural suffix", "Chácobo": "Plural word", "Chinantec (Comaltepec)": "Plural word", "Choctaw": "No plural", "Carib (De'kwana)": "Plural suffix", "Cèmuhî": "Plural word", "Chamorro": "Plural word", "Chambri": "Plural suffix", "Chechen": "Plural suffix", "Cherokee": "Plural prefix", "Chang": "Plural suffix", "Chaha": "No plural", "Chimariko": "No plural", "Chukchi": "Plural suffix", "Chantyal": "Plural suffix", "Chinantec (Quiotepec)": "No plural", "Chrau": "No plural", "Chin (Siyin)": "Plural suffix", "Chuvash": "Plural suffix", "Chontal (Huamelultec Oaxaca)": "Plural suffix", "Chichewa": "Plural prefix", "Chinook (Lower)": "Plural suffix", "Chaldean (Modern)": "Plural suffix", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Plural word", "Cholón": "Plural suffix", "Chemehuevi": "Plural suffix", "Comanche": "Plural suffix", "Chin (Mara)": "Plural word", "Chontal Maya": "Plural suffix", "Canela": "No plural", "Canamarí": "Plural word", "Cantonese": "No plural", "Cocama": "Plural suffix", "Coeur d'Alene": "Plural word", "Coos (Hanis)": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Coptic": "No plural", "Chinantec (Palantla)": "No plural", "Chipaya": "Plural suffix", "Chiquitano": "Plural suffix", "Cree (Plains)": "Plural suffix", "Cornish": "Plural suffix", "Crow": "Plural suffix", "Carapana": "Plural suffix", "Chatino (Sierra Occidental)": "No plural", "Chin (Tiddim)": "No plural", "Chitimacha": "Plural suffix", "Cupeño": "Plural suffix", "Chatino (Yaitepec)": "No plural", "Cayuvava": "Plural clitic", "Czech": "Plural suffix", "Dan": "Plural word", "Dâw": "Plural clitic", "Day": "Plural word", "Donno So": "Plural clitic", "Desano": "Plural suffix", "Deuri": "Plural suffix", "Dagbani": "Plural suffix", "Dongo": "Plural suffix", "Dhargari": "Plural suffix", "Dharawal": "Plural suffix", "Didinga": "Plural suffix", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "No plural", "Dime": "Plural clitic", "Dinka": "Plural stem change", "Diola-Fogny": "Plural prefix", "Djingili": "Plural suffix", "Djinang": "Plural suffix", "Djapu": "Plural word", "Djaru": "Plural by complete reduplication of stem", "Domaaki": "Plural suffix", "Dimasa": "Plural suffix", "Domari": "Plural suffix", "Dong (Southern)": "No plural", "Doyayo": "Plural suffix", "Drehu": "Plural word", "Dargwa": "Plural suffix", "Darma": "Plural word", "Danish": "Plural suffix", "Dulong": "Plural word", "Duna": "Plural clitic", "Dutch": "Plural suffix", "Engenni": "No plural", "Eipo": "Plural suffix", "Emberá (Northern)": "Plural suffix", "Émérillon": "Plural clitic", "Enets": "Plural suffix", "English": "Plural suffix", "Enggano": "Plural prefix", "Enya": "Plural prefix", "Epena Pedee": "Plural clitic", "Erromangan": "Plural word", "Ese Ejja": "Plural word", "Estonian": "Plural suffix", "Eudeve": "Plural prefix", "Evenki": "Plural suffix", "Even": "Plural suffix", "Ewe": "Plural clitic", "Ewondo": "Plural prefix", "Finnish": "Plural suffix", "Fongbe": "Plural word", "Fore": "Plural suffix", "Momu": "No plural", "French": "Plural suffix", "Fulfulde (Adamawa)": "Plural suffix", "Fulniô": "Plural suffix", "Fur": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Futuna-Aniwa": "Plural word", "Fyem": "Plural prefix", "Gã": "Plural suffix", "Gaelic (Scots)": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Gahuku": "Plural suffix", "Galo": "Plural suffix", "Gamo": "Plural suffix", "Garo": "Plural clitic", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "Plural word", "Gbaya (Southwest)": "Plural prefix", "Gadsup": "Plural suffix", "Gela": "Plural word", "Georgian": "Plural suffix", "German": "Plural suffix", "Gureng Gureng": "Plural suffix", "Gilaki": "Plural suffix", "Gimira": "Plural suffix", "Gitksan": "Plural prefix", "Giziga": "Plural word", "Gününa Küne": "No plural", "Golin": "Plural word", "Gumawana": "Plural suffix", "Ga'anda": "Plural suffix", "Gunin": "No plural", "Goajiro": "Plural suffix", "Godoberi": "Plural suffix", "Goemai": "Plural word", "Gokana": "Plural word", "Gondi": "Plural suffix", "Gooniyandi": "Plural clitic", "Grebo": "Plural suffix", "Garífuna": "Plural suffix", "Greek (Modern)": "Plural suffix", "Greenlandic (West)": "Plural suffix", "Guaraní": "Plural word", "Gude": "Plural suffix", "Guhu-Samane": "Plural suffix", "Gula (in Central African Republic)": "Plural word", "Gumbaynggir": "Plural suffix", "Gurung": "Plural word", "Guugu Yimidhirr": "Plural suffix", "Gworok": "Plural tone", "Gyarong (Cogtse)": "Plural suffix", "Haida": "Plural suffix", "Halia": "Plural word", "Hatam": "Plural clitic", "Hausa": "Plural suffix", "Hawaiian": "Plural word", "Hayu": "Plural suffix", "Hdi": "Plural suffix", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Plural suffix", "Hemba": "Plural prefix", "Hanga Hundi": "Plural suffix", "Hidatsa": "Plural suffix", "Hindi": "Plural suffix", "Hixkaryana": "Plural word", "Hualapai": "Plural suffix", "Hmar": "Plural suffix", "Huitoto (Minica)": "Plural suffix", "Mina": "Plural clitic", "Hunde": "Plural prefix", "Ho": "Plural suffix", "Hoava": "Plural word", "Hopi": "Plural suffix", "Hup": "Plural clitic", "Huastec": "Plural suffix", "Huichol": "Plural suffix", "Huitoto (Murui)": "Plural suffix", "Hungarian": "Plural suffix", "Hupa": "No plural", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "Plural prefix", "Haya": "Plural prefix", "Hunzib": "Plural suffix", "Iaai": "Plural word", "Iban": "No plural", "Icelandic": "Plural suffix", "Iduna": "Plural suffix", "Ifumu": "Plural prefix", "Igbo": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Ignaciano": "Plural suffix", "Ingessana": "Plural suffix", "Iha": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "Plural suffix", "Ik": "Plural suffix", "Ika": "Plural word", "Ila": "Plural prefix", "Imonda": "No plural", "Inanwatan": "Plural suffix", "Indonesian": "Plural by complete reduplication of stem", "Ingush": "Plural suffix", "Innamincka": "Plural suffix", "Irish": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Iraqw": "Plural suffix", "Iranxe": "No plural", "I'saka": "No plural", "Italian": "Plural suffix", "Itelmen": "Plural suffix", "Itonama": "Plural suffix", "Izi": "No plural", "Jakaltek": "Plural word", "Jaqaru": "Plural suffix", "Izere": "Plural prefix", "Jebero": "Plural suffix", "Jeli": "Plural clitic", "Jivaro": "Plural suffix", "Luwo": "Plural suffix", "Jur Mödö": "Plural word", "Jamsay": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Jingpho": "Plural word", "Japanese": "Plural suffix", "Jugli": "Plural suffix", "Ju|'hoan": "Plural clitic", "Jukun": "Plural prefix", "Karajá": "Plural suffix", "Karó (Arára)": "Plural clitic", "Kabardian": "Plural suffix", "Kachari": "Plural suffix", "Kadugli": "Plural prefix", "Kaian": "Plural suffix", "Kana": "Plural word", "Kara (in Central African Republic)": "Plural clitic", "Kayardild": "No plural", "Kamba": "Plural prefix", "Kanembu": "Plural suffix", "Karen (Bwe)": "No plural", "Koyra Chiini": "Plural word", "Kadiwéu": "Plural suffix", "Kele": "No plural", "Kemant": "Plural suffix", "Kenga": "Plural clitic", "Kera": "Plural prefix", "Ket": "Plural suffix", "Kewa": "Plural suffix", "Koromfe": "Plural suffix", "Kinga": "Plural prefix", "Kagulu": "Plural prefix", "Kyirong": "Plural clitic", "Kirghiz": "Plural suffix", "Khalkha": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Kham (Dege)": "Plural clitic", "Khaling": "Plural suffix", "Khinalug": "Plural suffix", "Khalaj": "Plural suffix", "Khmer": "Plural word", "Nama": "Plural suffix", "Kharia": "Plural clitic", "Khasi": "Plural word", "Kire": "Plural suffix", "Kikuyu": "Plural prefix", "Kimaghama": "Plural word", "Kiowa": "Plural suffix", "Kirma": "Plural suffix", "Kisi": "Plural clitic", "Kiwai (Southern)": "Plural suffix", "Karakalpak": "Plural suffix", "Kokota": "Plural word", "Korku": "Plural suffix", "Lusi": "Plural prefix", "Klao": "Plural suffix", "Klamath": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Kilivila": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Kiliwa": "Plural suffix", "Kamaiurá": "Plural suffix", "Kham": "Plural suffix", "Karimojong": "Plural prefix", "Kalmyk": "Plural suffix", "Koiali (Mountain)": "Plural suffix", "Kamass": "Plural suffix", "Khmu'": "No plural", "Kamasau": "No plural", "Kugu Nganhcara": "No plural", "Kannada": "Plural suffix", "Konni": "Plural suffix", "Kanakuru": "Plural suffix", "Kunama": "Plural clitic", "Kinnauri": "Plural suffix", "Kanuri": "Plural suffix", "Konkow": "Plural suffix", "Koasati": "Plural clitic", "Kobon": "Plural suffix", "Koegu": "Plural clitic", "Kokborok": "Plural suffix", "Kolami": "Plural suffix", "Komo": "Plural prefix", "Kongo": "Plural prefix", "Komi-Permyak": "Plural suffix", "Korean": "Plural suffix", "Koya": "Plural suffix", "Kpelle": "Plural suffix", "Kposo": "Plural clitic", "Kiribati": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Karachay-Balkar": "Plural suffix", "Kurdish (Central)": "Plural suffix", "Kresh": "Plural word", "Kipea": "Plural suffix", "Karok": "Plural suffix", "Korana": "Plural suffix", "Krongo": "Plural prefix", "Kairiru": "Plural word", "Korowai": "Plural suffix", "Koryak": "Plural suffix", "Keresan (Santa Ana)": "Plural clitic", "Koyraboro Senni": "Plural clitic", "Karen (Sgaw)": "Plural word", "Koita": "Plural suffix", "Katcha": "Plural prefix", "Katla": "Plural prefix", "Kathlamet": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Khanty": "Plural suffix", "Kumauni": "Plural suffix", "Kuot": "Plural word", "Kutenai": "Plural prefix", "Kuvi": "Plural suffix", "Kwaio": "Plural word", "Kwangali": "Plural prefix", "Kwoma": "Plural word", "Kawaiisu": "Plural suffix", "Kwomtari": "Plural suffix", "Iwoyo": "Plural prefix", "Kwaza": "No plural", "Kxoe": "Plural suffix", "Kuku-Yalanji": "Plural by complete reduplication of stem", "Kyaka": "Plural word", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "No plural", "Kanyok": "Plural prefix", "Kyuquot": "Plural suffix", "Kayabí": "No plural", "Laal": "Plural stem change", "Ladakhi": "Plural suffix", "Lafofa": "Plural prefix", "Lagwan": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Lahu": "Plural suffix", "Lai": "Plural word", "Lalo": "No plural", "Lango": "Plural suffix", "Lao": "No plural", "Laragia": "Plural suffix", "Latvian": "Plural suffix", "Lavukaleve": "Plural suffix", "Lunda": "Plural prefix", "Luganda": "Plural prefix", "Londo": "Plural prefix", "Lendu": "Plural suffix", "Leko": "Plural suffix", "Lega": "Plural prefix", "Lele": "Plural suffix", "Lenakel": "Plural word", "Lepcha": "Plural word", "Lese": "Plural suffix", "Leti": "Plural clitic", "Lewo": "Plural word", "Lezgian": "Plural suffix", "Longgu": "Plural clitic", "Limbu": "No plural", "Lithuanian": "Plural suffix", "Lakhota": "Plural word", "Lelemi": "Plural prefix", "Lamba": "Plural prefix", "Lamang": "Plural suffix", "Lamaholot": "Plural by complete reduplication of stem", "Lamani": "Plural suffix", "Lamen": "Plural word", "Linda": "Plural word", "Lengua": "Plural suffix", "Loniu": "Plural word", "Lotha": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Lou": "Plural word", "Lugbara": "Plural suffix", "Luiseño": "Plural suffix", "Lule": "Plural suffix", "Lungchang": "Plural suffix", "Luo": "Plural suffix", "Luvale": "Plural prefix", "Ma": "Plural suffix", "Maasai": "Plural suffix", "Maba": "Plural suffix", "Macushi": "Plural suffix", "Ma'di": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Mae": "Plural word", "Magar": "Plural suffix", "Maithili": "Plural word", "Majang": "Plural suffix", "Makah": "Plural clitic", "Malagasy": "No plural", "Mam": "Plural clitic", "Mano": "Plural suffix", "Maori": "Plural word", "Mapudungun": "Plural word", "Maricopa": "Plural stem change", "Masa": "Plural suffix", "Maung": "Plural word", "Maninka (Western)": "Plural clitic", "Maybrat": "No plural", "Mba": "Plural suffix", "Mbili": "Plural prefix", "Mbole": "Plural prefix", "Mbum": "Plural word", "Mbara": "Plural suffix", "Mangbetu": "Plural prefix", "Mbay": "Plural clitic", "Mochica": "Plural clitic", "Mixe (Coatlán)": "Plural word", "Mocoví": "Plural suffix", "Mada (in Cameroon)": "Plural word", "Mende": "Plural suffix", "Mundang": "Plural clitic", "Mandan": "Plural suffix", "Mbodomo": "Plural prefix", "Meyah": "Plural suffix", "Me'en": "Plural suffix", "Mehri": "Plural suffix", "Mekens": "Plural clitic", "Menomini": "Plural suffix", "Meryam Mir": "Plural suffix", "Mondunga": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Mangghuer": "Plural clitic", "Magahi": "Plural suffix", "Mungaka": "Plural prefix", "Mango": "Plural suffix", "Musgu": "Plural suffix", "Mien": "No plural", "Miju": "Plural suffix", "Mikir": "Plural word", "Minangkabau": "No plural", "Miskito": "Plural word", "Miya": "Plural suffix", "Mizo": "Plural word", "Mauka": "Plural word", "Mandinka (Gambian)": "Plural suffix", "Mongol (Khamnigan)": "Plural suffix", "Mikasuki": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Makasae": "Plural clitic", "Mikarew": "Plural suffix", "Maranungku": "No plural", "Malgwa": "Plural suffix", "Mari (Meadow)": "Plural suffix", "Mambai": "Plural suffix", "Mamanwa": "Plural word", "Mamvu": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Muna": "Plural suffix", "Manchu": "Plural suffix", "Mandarin": "Plural suffix", "Maidu (Northeast)": "Plural suffix", "Manggarai": "No plural", "Manam": "No plural", "Mono (in United States)": "Plural suffix", "Mansi": "Plural suffix", "Margany": "Plural suffix", "Munzombo": "Plural clitic", "Mordvin (Erzya)": "Plural suffix", "Mofu-Gudur": "Plural word", "Moghol": "Plural suffix", "Mohawk": "Plural prefix", "Mokilese": "Plural clitic", "Mon": "Plural word", "Mor": "Plural suffix", "Mosetén": "Plural suffix", "Motuna": "Plural suffix", "Moru": "Plural suffix", "Maipure": "Plural suffix", "Mian": "Plural suffix", "Mara": "Plural prefix", "Margi": "Plural clitic", "Murle": "Plural suffix", "Moro": "Plural prefix", "Martuthunira": "Plural suffix", "Maru": "Plural word", "Muruwari": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Mising": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Masakin": "Plural prefix", "Masalit": "Plural suffix", "Maisin": "Plural clitic", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Plural suffix", "Matuumbi": "Plural prefix", "Matis": "Plural suffix", "Massachusett": "Plural suffix", "Motu": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Makua": "Plural prefix", "Muinane": "Plural suffix", "Mumuye": "Plural word", "Mundari": "Plural suffix", "Mupun": "Plural word", "Mursi": "Plural suffix", "Mussau": "Plural word", "Mutsun": "Plural suffix", "Mundurukú": "Plural suffix", "Manobo (Western Bukidnon)": "Plural word", "Mwera": "Plural prefix", "Mwotlap": "Plural word", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Plural word", "Mixtec (Jicaltepec)": "No plural", "Mixtec (Ocotepec)": "Plural word", "Mixtec (Peñoles)": "Plural word", "Mixtec (Yosondúa)": "Plural word", "Mayogo": "Plural prefix", "Mangarrayi": "Plural suffix", "Mazanderani": "Plural suffix", "Nabak": "Plural suffix", "Nagatman": "Plural suffix", "Neo-Aramaic (Arbel Jewish)": "Plural suffix", "Nakanai": "Plural word", "Nalik": "Plural word", "Namia": "No plural", "Nandi": "Plural suffix", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "Plural suffix", "Navajo": "Plural suffix", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Plural suffix", "Ngäbere": "Plural suffix", "Nicobarese (Car)": "No plural", "Ncàm": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Ndebele": "Plural prefix", "Nande": "Plural prefix", "Ndonga": "Plural prefix", "Ndut": "Plural suffix", "Ndumu": "Plural prefix", "Ndyuka": "Plural word", "Nepali": "Plural suffix", "Nevome": "Plural prefix", "Newari (Kathmandu)": "Plural clitic", "Ngbaka (Minagende)": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Ngad'a": "No plural", "Ngiyambaa": "Plural suffix", "Ngadjumaja": "Plural suffix", "Ngankikurungkurr": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Ngalakan": "No plural", "Ngambay": "Plural suffix", "Ngandi": "Plural prefix", "Ngoni": "Plural prefix", "Naga (Tangkhul)": "Plural clitic", "Ngizim": "Plural suffix", "Nhanda": "Plural suffix", "Nahuatl (Huasteca)": "Plural suffix", "Nahuatl (Michoacán)": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Nahuatl (North Puebla)": "Plural suffix", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Plural suffix", "Nias": "Plural prefix", "Niuafo'ou": "Plural word", "Nyishi": "Plural word", "Niuean": "Plural word", "Nivkh": "Plural suffix", "Ngalkbun": "Plural suffix", "Nkem": "Plural prefix", "Nkonya": "Plural prefix", "Nkore-Kiga": "Plural prefix", "Naga (Mao)": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Nocte": "Plural suffix", "Noghay": "Plural suffix", "Noni": "Plural prefix", "Norwegian": "Plural suffix", "Nar-Phu": "Plural clitic", "Nanerge": "Plural suffix", "Nisgha": "No plural", "Ngiti": "Plural tone", "Nenets": "Plural suffix", "Nuaulu": "Plural suffix", "Nuer": "Plural stem change", "Nunggubuyu": "Plural prefix", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "Plural word", "Nupe": "Plural clitic", "Newar (Dolakha)": "Plural clitic", "Nyimang": "No plural", "Nyamwezi": "Plural prefix", "Nzakara": "Plural prefix", "Naga (Zeme)": "Plural word", "Ogbronuagum": "Plural prefix", "Obolo": "No plural", "Ocuilteco": "Plural prefix", "Oirat": "Plural suffix", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "Plural suffix", "Oksapmin": "Plural suffix", "Olo": "Plural suffix", "Ömie": "No plural", "Oneida": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "One": "Plural suffix", "Onge": "Plural suffix", "O'odham": "Plural prefix", "Ordos": "Plural suffix", "Oromo (Harar)": "No plural", "Orok": "Plural suffix", "Orokaiva": "Plural by complete reduplication of stem", "Oromo (Waata)": "No plural", "Osage": "Plural word", "Ossetic": "Plural suffix", "Otoro": "Plural prefix", "Oriya": "Plural suffix", "Pa'a": "Plural suffix", "Páez": "Plural suffix", "Palauan": "Plural prefix", "Pame": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Panjabi": "Plural suffix", "Päri": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Paumarí": "No plural", "Pima Bajo": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Folopa": "Plural suffix", "Pero": "No plural", "Pilagá": "Plural suffix", "Piaroa": "Plural suffix", "Pipil": "Plural suffix", "Paakantyi": "No plural", "Pokot": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Paulohi": "Plural suffix", "Palikur": "Plural suffix", "Pomo (Eastern)": "Plural suffix", "Paamese": "Plural word", "Paiute (Northern)": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Bunu (Younuo)": "No plural", "Pohnpeian": "No plural", "Poko-Rawo": "No plural", "Polish": "Plural suffix", "Portuguese": "Plural suffix", "Pare": "Plural prefix", "Pirahã": "No plural", "Purki": "Plural suffix", "Persian": "Plural suffix", "Pashto": "Plural suffix", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Plural suffix", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Plural suffix", "Port Sandwich": "Plural word", "Pattani": "Plural suffix", "Patwin": "Plural suffix", "Pumi": "Plural clitic", "Purépecha": "Plural suffix", "Pawnee": "Plural suffix", "Quechua (Huallaga)": "Plural suffix", "Qiang": "Plural clitic", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Plural suffix", "Quileute": "Plural prefix", "Sipakapense": "Plural word", "Raga": "Plural word", "Rama": "Plural clitic", "Rao": "No plural", "Rapanui": "Plural word", "Rashad": "Plural suffix", "Rawang": "Plural word", "Remo": "Plural suffix", "Resígaro": "Plural suffix", "rGyalrong (Caodeng)": "Plural suffix", "Ritharngu": "Plural suffix", "Raji": "No plural", "Runyankore": "Plural suffix", "Romanian": "Plural suffix", "Rukai (Tanan)": "Plural prefix", "Runga": "Plural suffix", "Russian": "Plural suffix", "Rutul": "Plural suffix", "Romani (Welsh)": "Plural suffix", "Sa'a": "Plural word", "Sahu": "No plural", "Sakao": "Plural prefix", "Salinan": "Plural suffix", "Samoan": "Plural word", "Sango": "Plural prefix", "Sare": "Plural clitic", "Savi": "Plural suffix", "Serbian-Croatian": "Plural suffix", "Sandawe": "Plural suffix", "Southeast Ambrym": "Plural word", "Sebei": "Plural suffix", "Secoya": "Plural suffix", "Sedang": "Plural word", "Sema": "Plural clitic", "Seri": "Plural suffix", "Sougb": "Plural suffix", "Shabo": "Plural word", "Sherdukpen": "Plural suffix", "Shiriana": "Plural word", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Plural suffix", "Shilluk": "Plural suffix", "Shambala": "Plural prefix", "Shona": "Plural prefix", "Shoshone": "Plural suffix", "Klikitat": "Plural suffix", "Shatt": "Plural suffix", "Shira Yughur": "Plural suffix", "Siane": "No plural", "Sidaama": "Plural suffix", "Sila": "Plural suffix", "Siona": "Plural suffix", "Sisiqa": "Plural word", "Siuslaw": "Plural suffix", "Sikkimese": "Plural word", "Selkup": "Plural suffix", "Slave": "Plural suffix", "Saliba (in Papua New Guinea)": "Plural suffix", "Samba Leko": "Plural word", "Slovene": "Plural suffix", "Selepet": "Plural suffix", "Seme": "Plural tone", "Seminole": "Plural suffix", "Shompen": "No plural", "Shina": "Plural suffix", "Sinaugoro": "Plural clitic", "Sanuma": "Plural word", "Saami (Northern)": "Plural suffix", "Sentani": "No plural", "So": "Plural suffix", "Sobei": "Plural suffix", "Somali": "Plural suffix", "Sonsorol-Tobi": "No plural", "Sora": "Plural suffix", "Spanish": "Plural suffix", "Spitian": "Plural suffix", "Sarcee": "Plural suffix", "Sardinian": "Plural suffix", "Sre": "Plural prefix", "Siroi": "Plural word", "Santa": "Plural suffix", "Stieng": "Plural word", "Santali": "Plural suffix", "Sotho (Northern)": "Plural prefix", "Subiya": "Plural prefix", "Sudest": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Sungor": "Plural suffix", "Suki": "Plural suffix", "Sulka": "Plural prefix", "Sundanese": "Plural by complete reduplication of stem", "Supyire": "Plural suffix", "Savosavo": "Plural clitic", "Swahili": "Plural prefix", "Swedish": "Plural suffix", "Salt-Yui": "No plural", "Taba": "Plural clitic", "Tacana": "Plural word", "Tagalog": "Plural word", "Tahitian": "Plural word", "Tajik": "Plural suffix", "Takia": "Plural word", "Tamang (Eastern)": "Plural word", "Tarao": "Plural suffix", "Tariana": "Plural suffix", "Tashlhiyt": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Tauya": "No plural", "Tabare": "No plural", "Tboli": "Plural word", "Tubu": "Plural suffix", "Tabwa": "Plural prefix", "Tepehua (Huehuetla)": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Telugu": "Plural suffix", "Tennet": "Plural suffix", "Teop": "Plural word", "Tepehua (Tlachichilco)": "Plural suffix", "Tera": "Plural clitic", "Teso": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Tuareg (Ghat)": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Tigak": "Plural word", "Tshangla": "Plural clitic", "Tugun": "Plural word", "Tsogo": "Plural prefix", "Tigré": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Thakali": "Plural suffix", "Thangmi": "Plural suffix", "Thulung": "No plural", "Kuuk Thaayorre": "No plural", "Tima": "Plural prefix", "Ticuna": "Plural suffix", "Tidore": "No plural", "Tigrinya": "Plural suffix", "Timugon": "Plural clitic", "Tinrin": "Plural word", "Tiriyo": "Plural suffix", "Tiwi": "Plural suffix", "Tiipay (Jamul)": "Plural stem change", "Takelma": "Plural suffix", "Tolai": "Plural word", "Telefol": "Plural suffix", "Tlingit": "Plural suffix", "Tobelo": "No plural", "Tlapanec": "No plural", "Tama": "Plural suffix", "Timucua": "Plural suffix", "Tamagario": "No plural", "Tamil": "Plural suffix", "Temein": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Tibetan (Modern Literary)": "Plural word", "Turkana": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Tanacross": "Plural suffix", "Temne": "Plural prefix", "Tongan": "Plural word", "Tungak": "Plural word", "Tunen": "Plural prefix", "Tondano": "Plural word", "Tenyer": "Plural suffix", "Toba": "Plural suffix", "Tonkawa": "Plural suffix", "Totonac (Misantla)": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Southern Toussian": "Plural suffix", "Tonga (in Zambia)": "Plural prefix", "Tepehuan (Northern)": "Plural prefix", "Tepehuan (Southeastern)": "Plural prefix", "Tapieté": "Plural suffix", "Teribe": "Plural suffix", "Trique (Copala)": "No plural", "Tirmaga": "Plural suffix", "Tairora": "Plural suffix", "Trumai": "Plural word", "Torwali": "Plural suffix", "Tsafiki": "Plural clitic", "Tausug": "Plural word", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "Plural suffix", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Plural prefix", "Tamashek": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Tsez": "Plural suffix", "Tetun Dili": "Plural word", "Tetun": "Plural word", "Tati (Southern)": "Plural suffix", "Tsova-Tush": "Plural suffix", "Tucano": "Plural suffix", "Tukang Besi": "No plural", "Tulu": "Plural suffix", "Tunica": "Plural suffix", "Turkish": "Plural suffix", "Tuscarora": "Plural prefix", "Tuvan": "Plural suffix", "Tuvaluan": "Plural word", "Tatar": "Plural suffix", "Tarahumara (Western)": "Plural stem change", "Tiwa (Northern)": "Plural suffix", "Tzotzil": "Plural suffix", "Tzutujil": "Plural word", "Ubykh": "Plural suffix", "Udi": "Plural suffix", "Udmurt": "Plural suffix", "Ukrainian": "Plural suffix", "Uldeme": "Plural word", "Ungarinjin": "Plural by complete reduplication of stem", "Ura": "Plural word", "Urdu": "Plural suffix", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Plural suffix", "Urak Lawoi'": "No plural", "Urarina": "Plural suffix", "Urat": "Plural word", "Usarufa": "Plural suffix", "Ute": "Plural suffix", "Uyghur": "Plural suffix", "Uzbek": "Plural suffix", "Vai": "Plural word", "Vietnamese": "Plural word", "Vinmavis": "Plural word", "Wahgi": "No plural", "Wakhi": "Plural suffix", "Walman": "Plural suffix", "Waorani": "Plural suffix", "Wappo": "Plural suffix", "Wari'": "Plural word", "Waunana": "Plural suffix", "Wambon": "Plural suffix", "Wichí": "Plural suffix", "Wedau": "Plural prefix", "Welsh": "Plural suffix", "Wichita": "No plural", "Wikchamni": "Plural suffix", "Wirangu": "No plural", "Wiyot": "No plural", "Wolof": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Wolio": "Plural word", "Wolaytta": "Plural suffix", "Wambule": "Plural word", "Warao": "Plural suffix", "Wardaman": "Plural suffix", "Warekena": "Plural suffix", "Warlpiri": "Plural suffix", "Warndarang": "Plural prefix", "Warrwa": "Plural clitic", "Xârâcùù": "Plural word", "Xasonga": "Plural suffix", "Xavánte": "No plural", "Kombio": "Plural word", "Xhosa": "Plural prefix", "!Xóõ": "Plural suffix", "Yagua": "Plural suffix", "Yaminahua": "Plural suffix", "Yapese": "Plural word", "Yaqui": "Plural suffix", "Yareba": "Plural suffix", "Yucuna": "Plural suffix", "Yelî Dnye": "Plural word", "Yagaria": "Plural clitic", "Yidiny": "No plural", "Yimas": "Plural suffix", "Yindjibarndi": "Plural suffix", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Plural suffix", "Yakut": "Plural suffix", "Yanyuwa": "Plural prefix", "Yokuts (Yaudanchi)": "Plural suffix", "Yoruba": "Plural word", "Yup'ik (Central)": "Plural suffix", "Yukaghir (Tundra)": "Plural suffix", "Yuchi": "Plural word", "Yukulta": "Plural suffix", "Yulu": "Plural clitic", "Yurok": "Morphological plural with no method primary", "Yuwaalaraay": "Plural suffix", "Yawelmani": "Plural suffix", "Beria": "Plural tone", "Zapotec (Isthmus)": "Plural word", "Zande": "Plural prefix", "Zapotec (Mitla)": "Plural prefix", "Zarma": "Plural clitic", "Zayse": "Plural suffix", "Zhuang (Northern)": "No plural", "Zaparo": "Plural suffix", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Plural suffix", "Zulu": "Plural prefix", "Zuni": "Plural suffix" }
34A
Occurrence of Nominal Plurality
Nominal Categories
How frequently is nominal plurality marked in the <LANGUAGE> language?
No nominal plural; Plural only in human nouns, optional; Plural only in human nouns, obligatory; Plural in all nouns, always optional; Plural in all nouns, optional in inanimates; Plural in all nouns, always obligatory
{ "Abkhaz": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Abun": "No nominal plural", "Acehnese": "No nominal plural", "Acoma": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Adyghe (Abzakh)": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Ainu": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Alamblak": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Alyawarra": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Amele": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Ambae (Lolovoli Northeast)": "Plural only in human nouns, optional", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Anong": "Plural only in human nouns, optional", "Apurinã": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Lokono": "Plural in all nouns, optional in inanimates", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Babungo": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Baré": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Bagirmi": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Baka (in Cameroon)": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Bao'an": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Bawm": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Bininj Gun-Wok": "Plural only in human nouns, optional", "Belhare": "Plural in all nouns, optional in inanimates", "Biri": "No nominal plural", "Brokskat": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Blackfoot": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Baale": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Bozo (Tigemaxo)": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Brahui": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Barasano": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Basque": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Buduma": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Burushaski": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Buriat": "Plural in all nouns, optional in inanimates", "Cocopa": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Chamorro": "Plural only in human nouns, optional", "Chimariko": "No nominal plural", "Chukchi": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Chantyal": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Chuvash": "Plural in all nouns, optional in inanimates", "Chichewa": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Chemehuevi": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Comanche": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Coos (Hanis)": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Coptic": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Cree (Plains)": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Chitimacha": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Dahalo": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Degema": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Dagbani": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Dagur": "Plural only in human nouns, optional", "Dhaasanac": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Dhivehi": "Plural in all nouns, optional in inanimates", "Didinga": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Djabugay": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Djingili": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Doyayo": "Plural in all nouns, optional in inanimates", "Dargwa": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Dullay (Gollango)": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Dutch": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Dyirbal": "Plural in all nouns, optional in inanimates", "English": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Epena Pedee": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Erromangan": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Evenki": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Finnish": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Fongbe": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "French": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Fyem": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Gaagudju": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Gapapaiwa": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Garo": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Georgian": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "German": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Gola": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Grebo": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Gurr-goni": "No nominal plural", "Greek (Modern)": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Greenlandic (West)": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Guaraní": "Plural only in human nouns, optional", "Gujarati": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Gusii": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Hatam": "Plural only in human nouns, optional", "Hausa": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Hdi": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Hindi": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Hixkaryana": "Plural only in human nouns, optional", "Hmar": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Hmong Njua": "No nominal plural", "Hoava": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Hungarian": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Hunzib": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Icelandic": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Ik": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Imonda": "No nominal plural", "Indonesian": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Irish": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Iraqw": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Italian": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Itzaj": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Jakaltek": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Jaminjung": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Japanese": "Plural only in human nouns, optional", "Ju|'hoan": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Kana": "No nominal plural", "Kâte": "Plural only in human nouns, optional", "Kayardild": "No nominal plural", "Koyra Chiini": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Konda": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Kemant": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Ket": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Koromfe": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Kalkatungu": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Khalkha": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Khmer": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Konkani": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Korku": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Kamaiurá": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Kombai": "No nominal plural", "Kham": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Kannada": "Plural in all nouns, optional in inanimates", "Kanuri": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Koasati": "Plural only in human nouns, optional", "Kobon": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Kodava": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Kolami": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Kurdish (Central)": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Krongo": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Korowai": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Kukú": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Kuot": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Kutenai": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Kwaio": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Kuku-Yalanji": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Lak": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Lango": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Latvian": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Lavukaleve": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Laz": "Plural in all nouns, optional in inanimates", "Lele": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Lepcha": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Lezgian": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Lillooet": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Lithuanian": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Lamang": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Limilngan": "No nominal plural", "Lugbara": "Plural in all nouns, optional in inanimates", "Luvale": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Macushi": "Plural in all nouns, optional in inanimates", "Ma'di": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Majang": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Mam": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Maori": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Mapudungun": "No nominal plural", "Maricopa": "Plural only in human nouns, optional", "Maybrat": "No nominal plural", "Mundang": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Madimadi": "No nominal plural", "Madurese": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Mehri": "Plural in all nouns, optional in inanimates", "Mangghuer": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Midob": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Migama": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Miya": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Maranungku": "No nominal plural", "Maltese": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Mandarin": "Plural only in human nouns, optional", "Manam": "No nominal plural", "Moghol": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Mokilese": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Mosetén": "Plural in all nouns, optional in inanimates", "Maipure": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Malto": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Matis": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Malayalam": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Matsés": "Plural only in human nouns, optional", "Nabak": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Ndebele": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Nepali": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Newari (Kathmandu)": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Ngiyambaa": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Ngalakan": "Plural only in human nouns, optional", "Nhanda": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Nias": "No nominal plural", "Niuean": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Nivkh": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Nahuatl (Mecayapan Isthmus)": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Nar-Phu": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Nsenga": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Ngiti": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Nuaulu": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Olutec": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Oromo (Harar)": "Plural only in human nouns, optional", "Oriya": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Palauan": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Panjabi": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Pero": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Pilagá": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Pomo (Central)": "Plural only in human nouns, optional", "Pomo (Eastern)": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Paiute (Northern)": "Plural in all nouns, optional in inanimates", "Portuguese": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Pirahã": "No nominal plural", "Pattani": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Qafar": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Qiang": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Rama": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Rapanui": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Retuarã": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Romanian": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Rotuman": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Russian": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Serbian-Croatian": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Sandawe": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Southeast Ambrym": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Sedang": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Sangu": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Shoshone": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Siar": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Saami (Kildin)": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Selkup": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Saliba (in Papua New Guinea)": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Saami (Northern)": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Somali": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Sonsorol-Tobi": "No nominal plural", "Soqotri": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Spanish": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Sudest": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Suena": "Plural only in human nouns, optional", "Sundanese": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Supyire": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Swahili": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Swedish": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Salt-Yui": "No nominal plural", "Taba": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Taiof": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Tagalog": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Tauya": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Tugun": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Tidore": "No nominal plural", "Tigrinya": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Tikar": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Tinrin": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Tibetan (Shigatse)": "No nominal plural", "Tiwi": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Tiipay (Jamul)": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Takelma": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Tobelo": "No nominal plural", "Tamil": "Plural in all nouns, optional in inanimates", "Tamabo": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Tepehuan (Northern)": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Tepehuan (Southeastern)": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Teribe": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Trumai": "Plural only in human nouns, obligatory", "Torwali": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Tetun": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Turkish": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Tuvaluan": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Tzutujil": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Udihe": "Plural only in human nouns, optional", "Udmurt": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Ulithian": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Usan": "No nominal plural", "Vietnamese": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Wambaya": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Wirangu": "No nominal plural", "Wardaman": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Yaqui": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Yeyi": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Yidiny": "No nominal plural", "Yimas": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Yingkarta": "No nominal plural", "Yanyuwa": "Plural only in human nouns, optional", "Yoruba": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Yup'ik (Central)": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Yawelmani": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Yawuru": "Plural in all nouns, always optional", "Zapotec (Quiegolani)": "No nominal plural", "Zayse": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Zazaki": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Zoque (Chimalapa)": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Zulu": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory", "Zuni": "Plural in all nouns, always obligatory" }
35A
Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns
Nominal Categories
How is plurality marked in independent personal pronouns in the <LANGUAGE> language?
No independent subject pronouns; Number-indifferent pronouns; Person-number affixes; Person-number stem; Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix; Person-number stem with a nominal plural affix; Person stem with a pronominal plural affix; Person stem with a nominal plural affix
{ "Abipón": "Person-number stem", "Abkhaz": "Person-number stem", "Arabana": "Person-number stem", "Acoma": "No independent subject pronouns", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Person-number stem", "Ainu": "Person-number affixes", "Alamblak": "Person-number stem with a nominal plural affix", "Aleut": "Person-number affixes", "Amele": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Amharic": "Person-number stem", "Araona": "Person stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Apurinã": "Person-number affixes", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Asmat": "Person stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Awa Pit": "Person-number stem", "Aymara (Central)": "Person-number stem with a nominal plural affix", "Bagirmi": "Person-number stem with a nominal plural affix", "Bambara": "Person-number stem", "Bawm": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Beja": "Person-number stem", "Batak (Karo)": "Person-number stem", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Brahui": "Person-number stem", "Bribri": "Person-number stem", "Burmese": "Number-indifferent pronouns", "Barasano": "Person stem with a nominal plural affix", "Basque": "Person-number stem", "Burushaski": "Person-number stem", "Buriat": "Person stem with a nominal plural affix", "Cahuilla": "Person-number stem with a nominal plural affix", "Carib": "Person-number stem", "Cocopa": "Number-indifferent pronouns", "Chamorro": "Person-number stem", "Chukchi": "Person stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Chipewyan": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Chuvash": "Person stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Person-number affixes", "Comanche": "Person stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Canela": "Number-indifferent pronouns", "Cantonese": "Person stem with a nominal plural affix", "Coos (Hanis)": "Person-number affixes", "Cree (Plains)": "Person-number affixes", "Chitimacha": "Person-number stem", "Cayuvava": "Person-number affixes", "Daga": "Person-number stem", "Dagur": "Person stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "Person stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Diola-Fogny": "Person-number stem", "Djaru": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Drehu": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Dargwa": "Person stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Ekari": "Person stem with a pronominal plural affix", "English": "Person-number stem", "Epena Pedee": "Person-number stem", "Erromangan": "Person-number stem", "Evenki": "Person stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Ewe": "Person-number stem with a nominal plural affix", "Fijian": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Finnish": "Person-number stem", "French": "Person-number stem with a nominal plural affix", "Fur": "Person-number stem", "Futuna-Aniwa": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Garo": "Person-number stem", "Georgian": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "German": "Person-number stem", "Gooniyandi": "Person-number stem with a nominal plural affix", "Grebo": "Person-number stem", "Greek (Modern)": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Greenlandic (West)": "Person-number stem", "Guaraní": "Person-number stem", "Guugu Yimidhirr": "Person-number stem", "Haida": "Person-number stem with a nominal plural affix", "Hamtai": "Person-number stem", "Hausa": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Hawaiian": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Person-number stem", "Hindi": "Person-number stem", "Hixkaryana": "Person-number stem", "Huitoto (Minica)": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Hmong Njua": "Person-number stem", "Hungarian": "Person-number stem", "Hunzib": "Person-number stem", "Iban": "Person-number stem", "Igbo": "Person-number stem", "Ika": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Imonda": "Number-indifferent pronouns", "Indonesian": "Person-number stem", "Ingush": "Person-number stem", "Irish": "Person-number stem", "Iraqw": "Person-number stem", "Itelmen": "Person-number stem with a nominal plural affix", "Jakaltek": "Person-number affixes", "Japanese": "Person stem with a nominal plural affix", "Ju|'hoan": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Kambera": "Person-number affixes", "Kayardild": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Kera": "Person-number stem", "Ket": "Person-number stem with a nominal plural affix", "Kewa": "Person-number stem", "Koromfe": "Person-number affixes", "Khalkha": "Person stem with a nominal plural affix", "Khmer": "Person-number stem", "Nama": "Person-number affixes", "Khasi": "Person stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Kiowa": "Number-indifferent pronouns", "Kilivila": "Person-number stem", "Kalmyk": "Person stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Khmu'": "Person-number stem", "Kannada": "Person stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Kunama": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Kanuri": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Koasati": "Person-number affixes", "Kobon": "Person-number stem", "Kongo": "Person-number stem", "Korean": "Person-number stem with a nominal plural affix", "Kosraean": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Kiribati": "Person-number stem", "Kurdish (Central)": "Person-number stem", "Karok": "Person-number stem", "Krongo": "Person-number stem", "Koyraboro Senni": "Person-number stem", "Kutenai": "Person-number stem", "Kwaio": "Person-number stem", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "Person-number stem", "Ladakhi": "Person stem with a nominal plural affix", "Lahu": "Person stem with a nominal plural affix", "Lak": "Person-number stem", "Lango": "Person-number affixes", "Latvian": "Person-number stem", "Lavukaleve": "Person-number stem", "Lepcha": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Lezgian": "Person-number stem", "Limbu": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Lingala": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Lakhota": "Person-number affixes", "Luvale": "Person-number stem", "Maba": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Macushi": "Person-number stem", "Makah": "Person-number stem", "Malagasy": "Person-number stem", "Maori": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Mapudungun": "Person-number stem", "Maricopa": "Number-indifferent pronouns", "Maung": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Maybrat": "Person-number stem", "Mehri": "Person-number stem", "Meithei": "Person stem with a nominal plural affix", "Maranungku": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Muna": "Person-number stem", "Mandarin": "Person stem with a nominal plural affix", "Mansi": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Margany": "Person-number stem", "Mokilese": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Marind": "Person stem with a nominal plural affix", "Murle": "Person stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Martuthunira": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Person-number stem", "Mundari": "Person-number affixes", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Person stem with a nominal plural affix", "Mangarrayi": "Person-number stem with a nominal plural affix", "Navajo": "Person-number stem with a nominal plural affix", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Person-number stem", "Ngäbere": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Ndyuka": "Person-number stem", "Nez Perce": "Person-number stem", "Ngiyambaa": "Person-number stem", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Person-number stem with a nominal plural affix", "Nicobarese": "Person-number stem", "Nivkh": "Person stem with a nominal plural affix", "Nkore-Kiga": "Person-number stem", "Ngiti": "Person stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Nenets": "Person stem with a nominal plural affix", "Nunggubuyu": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "Person-number affixes", "Oneida": "Number-indifferent pronouns", "Oromo (Harar)": "Person-number stem", "Orok": "Person stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Person-number affixes", "Paiwan": "Person-number stem", "Paumarí": "Person-number affixes", "Pileni": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Pipil": "Person-number stem with a nominal plural affix", "Pitjantjatjara": "Person-number affixes", "Paamese": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Panyjima": "Person-number stem with a nominal plural affix", "Pitta Pitta": "Person-number stem", "Pirahã": "Number-indifferent pronouns", "Persian": "Person-number stem", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Person-number affixes", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Person-number stem with a nominal plural affix", "Qawasqar": "Number-indifferent pronouns", "Quechua (Huallaga)": "Person stem with a nominal plural affix", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Person-number stem", "Rama": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Rapanui": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Retuarã": "Person stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Russian": "Person-number stem with a nominal plural affix", "Samoan": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Sango": "Person-number stem", "Selknam": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Person-number stem", "Slave": "Person-number stem", "Semelai": "Person stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Sanuma": "Person stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Sentani": "Person-number stem", "Spanish": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Squamish": "Person-number stem", "Suena": "Person stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Supyire": "Person-number stem", "Swahili": "Person-number stem", "Taba": "Person-number stem", "Tagalog": "Person-number stem", "Telugu": "Person-number stem", "Thai": "Person-number stem", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "Person stem with a nominal plural affix", "Tinrin": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Tiwi": "Person-number stem", "Tlingit": "Person-number stem", "Tamil": "Person-number stem with a nominal plural affix", "Tommo So": "Person-number stem", "Tol": "Person-number stem", "Tonkawa": "Person-number stem with a nominal plural affix", "Tepehuan (Southeastern)": "Person-number affixes", "Trumai": "Person stem with a nominal plural affix", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "Person stem with a nominal plural affix", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Person-number affixes", "Tukang Besi": "Person-number stem", "Tunica": "Person-number affixes", "Turkish": "Person stem with a nominal plural affix", "Tuvaluan": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Uradhi": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Una": "Person-number stem", "Ungarinjin": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Person-number stem", "Usan": "Person-number stem", "Uzbek": "Person-number stem with a nominal plural affix", "Vietnamese": "Person stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Wambaya": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Wari'": "No independent subject pronouns", "Watjarri": "Person-number stem", "Wichí": "Person stem with a nominal plural affix", "Wichita": "Person-number affixes", "Wolof": "Person-number stem", "Warao": "Person-number stem", "Wardaman": "Person-number stem with a nominal plural affix", "Yagua": "Person-number stem", "Yaqui": "Person-number stem", "Yelî Dnye": "Person-number stem", "Yidiny": "Person-number stem", "Yimas": "Person-number stem", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Person stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Yakut": "Person-number stem with a pronominal plural affix", "Yupik (Naukan)": "Person-number stem", "Yoruba": "Person-number stem", "Yuchi": "Person-number affixes", "Yurok": "Person-number stem", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Person-number stem", "Zulu": "Person-number stem", "Zuni": "Person stem with a pronominal plural affix" }
36A
The Associative Plural
Nominal Categories
How is the associative plural marked in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals; Special bound associative plural marker; Special non-bound associative plural marker; Associative plural absent
{ "Abkhaz": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Acoma": "Associative plural absent", "Adyghe (Temirgoy)": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Associative plural absent", "Afrikaans": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Aghul": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Ainu": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Akan": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Alamblak": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Albanian": "Associative plural absent", "Alutor": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Amele": "Associative plural absent", "Amharic": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Araona": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Apalaí": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Apurinã": "Associative plural absent", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Associative plural absent", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Asmat": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Awtuw": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Baré": "Associative plural absent", "Bambara": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Berbice Dutch Creole": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Belhare": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Bengali": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Bagvalal": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Bandi": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Baniwa": "Associative plural absent", "Brahui": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Burmese": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Barasano": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Bashkir": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Basque": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Bulgarian": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Buriat": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Buru": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Chamorro": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Chechen": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Chukchi": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Chamalal": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Chantyal": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Chuvash": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Comanche": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Cantonese": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Cree (Plains)": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Crimean Tatar": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Desano": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Dargwa": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Dutch": "Associative plural absent", "Dyirbal": "Special bound associative plural marker", "English": "Associative plural absent", "Estonian": "Associative plural absent", "Evenki": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Ewe": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Finnish": "Associative plural absent", "Pulaar": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "French": "Associative plural absent", "Frisian": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Fulfulde (Adamawa)": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Gagauz": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Garo": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Georgian": "Special bound associative plural marker", "German": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Gurindji": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Gooniyandi": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Greek (Modern)": "Associative plural absent", "Greenlandic (West)": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Guaraní": "Associative plural absent", "Gude": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Hausa": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Hawaiian": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Hayu": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Associative plural absent", "Hindi": "Associative plural absent", "Hixkaryana": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Hungarian": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Hawaiian Creole": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Icelandic": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Ifugao (Batad)": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Indonesian (Papuan)": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Ik": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Indonesian": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Ingush": "Associative plural absent", "Irish": "Associative plural absent", "Italian": "Associative plural absent", "Jamaican Creole": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Japanese": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Kabardian": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Kayardild": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Kazakh": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Kera": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Kriol (Fitzroy Crossing)": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Khalkha": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Khakas": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Nama": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Kulung": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Kalispel": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Kannada": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Kriol (Ngukurr)": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Kanuri": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Kongo": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Komi-Permyak": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Korean": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Kpelle": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Kiribati": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Karachay-Balkar": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Krongo": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Koryak": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Koyraboro Senni": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Khanty": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Kati (in Afghanistan)": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Kumyk": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Kutenai": "Associative plural absent", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Koyukon": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Komi-Zyrian": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Lahu": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Lak": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Lango": "Associative plural absent", "Lao": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Lavukaleve": "Associative plural absent", "Lesser Antillean French Creole": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Luganda": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Lepcha": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Lezgian": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Limbu": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Lakhota": "Associative plural absent", "Loma": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Loko": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Lugbara": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Luvale": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Magar": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Makah": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Malagasy": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Maori": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Manambu": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Mískito Coast English Creole": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Mauritian Creole": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Mandinka": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Manadonese": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Meithei": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Maltese": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Mangap-Mbula": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Mari (Meadow)": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Muna": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Manchu": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Mandarin": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Mordvin (Erzya)": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Marind": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Margi": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Martuthunira": "Associative plural absent", "Masakin": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Mupun": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Mwotlap": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Associative plural absent", "Mangarrayi": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Malayalam": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Nanai": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Ndyuka": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Nepali": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Newari (Kathmandu)": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Nganasan": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Ngan'gityemerri": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Ngiyambaa": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Nias": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Nivkh": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Nobiin": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Norwegian": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Nunggubuyu": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Newar (Dolakha)": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Nyimang": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Oneida": "Associative plural absent", "Oroch": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Ossetic": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Associative plural absent", "Panjabi": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Papiamentu": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Paumarí": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Palikur": "Associative plural absent", "Pomo (Central)": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Polish": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Portuguese": "Associative plural absent", "Persian": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Associative plural absent", "Rapanui": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Shughni": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Russian": "Associative plural absent", "Rutul": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Sango": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Sesotho": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Shatt": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Sila": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Slave": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Sinhala": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Saami (Northern)": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Spanish": "Associative plural absent", "Supyire": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Swahili": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Tagalog": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Tamang (Eastern)": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Tariana": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Tabassaran": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Thai": "Associative plural absent", "Takelma": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Telefol": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Tobelo": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Tommo So": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Tat (Muslim)": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Tofa": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Toqabaqita": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Tok Pisin": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Tsez": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Tucano": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Tukang Besi": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Turkish": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Tuvaluan": "Special non-bound associative plural marker", "Tatar": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Udihe": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Udmurt": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Uyghur": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Uzbek": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Vietnamese": "Associative plural absent", "Wichí": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Wichita": "Associative plural absent", "Wardaman": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Warekena": "Associative plural absent", "Yagua": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Yaqui": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Yidiny": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Yoruba": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals", "Yup'ik (Central)": "Special bound associative plural marker", "Zulu": "Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals" }
37A
Definite Articles
Nominal Categories
How is definiteness marked in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Definite word distinct from demonstrative; Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness; Definite affix on noun; No definite article but indefinite article; Neither definite nor indefinite article
{ "Aari": "Definite affix on noun", "Abkhaz": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Abun": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Acehnese": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Acholi": "Definite affix on noun", "Acoma": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Adang": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Adioukrou": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Adyghe (Abzakh)": "Definite affix on noun", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Definite affix on noun", "Leggbó": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Agta (Central)": "Definite affix on noun", "Angami": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Akan": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Alamblak": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Albanian": "Definite affix on noun", "Alune": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Ambulas": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Amahuaca": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Amele": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Amharic": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Amanab": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Ambai": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Arabic (Moroccan)": "Definite affix on noun", "Arabic (Modern Standard)": "Definite affix on noun", "Araona": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Anggor": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Anejom": "Definite affix on noun", "Anufo": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Anywa": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Ao": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Apalaí": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Apurinã": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Apache (Western)": "Definite affix on noun", "Lokono": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Archi": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Arabic (Gulf)": "Definite affix on noun", "Arabic (Kuwaiti)": "Definite affix on noun", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Definite affix on noun", "Arosi": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Arabic (Iraqi)": "Definite affix on noun", "Armenian (Western)": "Definite affix on noun", "Asmat": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Arabic (Syrian)": "Definite affix on noun", "Atayal": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Atsugewi": "Definite affix on noun", "Au": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Avikam": "Definite affix on noun", "Awa Pit": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Awtuw": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Azari (Iranian)": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Babungo": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Bagirmi": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Bajau (Sama)": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Baka (in Cameroon)": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Bambara": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Baure": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Bari": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Bawm": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Bobo Madaré (Northern)": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Barambu": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Bininj Gun-Wok": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Bella Coola": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Budu": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Beja": "Definite affix on noun", "Berber (Figuig)": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Bafia": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Bagiro": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Biak": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Bilua": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Binandere": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Birom": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Batak (Karo)": "Definite affix on noun", "Blackfoot": "Definite affix on noun", "Balti": "Definite affix on noun", "Balanta": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Bimoba": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Bini": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Bodo": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Breton": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Berber (Rif)": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Burmese": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Burunge": "Definite affix on noun", "Barupu": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Berber (Siwa)": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Bashkir": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Basque": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Batak (Toba)": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Bulgarian": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Buma": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Burushaski": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Bali-Vitu": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Bajau (West Coast)": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Byansi": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Cashibo": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Campa (Axininca)": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Chácobo": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Chinantec (Comaltepec)": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Cebuano": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Cèmuhî": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Chamorro": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Chechen": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Cherokee": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Chang": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Chaha": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Chimariko": "Definite affix on noun", "Chukchi": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Chrau": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Chuvash": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Comanche": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Chin (Mara)": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Comox": "Definite affix on noun", "Chontal Maya": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Canela": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Cantonese": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Cocama": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Coos (Hanis)": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Coptic": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Cora": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Cornish": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Chatino (Sierra Occidental)": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Chin (Tiddim)": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Cupeño": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Czech": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Daga": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Day": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Dadjriwalé": "Definite affix on noun", "Donno So": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Degema": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Dagaare": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Dagbani": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Dhargari": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Dime": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Dinka": "Definite affix on noun", "Diola-Fogny": "Definite affix on noun", "Diyari": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Dla (Menggwa)": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Dumi": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Doyayo": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Drehu": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Danish": "Definite affix on noun", "Duka": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Dutch": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Engenni": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "English": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Epena Pedee": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Estonian": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Eudeve": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Evenki": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Even": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Ewe": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Ewondo": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Fijian": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Finnish": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "French": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Frisian": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Fulfulde (Adamawa)": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Futuna-Aniwa": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Fyem": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Gã": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Gaelic (Scots)": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Gahuku": "Definite affix on noun", "Gamo": "Definite affix on noun", "Garo": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "Definite affix on noun", "Gela": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "German": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Gilaki": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Gitksan": "Definite affix on noun", "Golin": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Gumawana": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Gumuz": "Definite affix on noun", "Ga'anda": "Definite affix on noun", "Gunin": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Goajiro": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Goemai": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Gokana": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Gondi": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Gooniyandi": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Grebo": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Greek (Modern)": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Greenlandic (West)": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Guaraní": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Gude": "Definite affix on noun", "Gula (in Central African Republic)": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Gurung": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Gwari": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Haida": "Definite affix on noun", "Hatam": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Hausa": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Hawaiian": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Definite affix on noun", "Hidatsa": "Definite affix on noun", "Hindi": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Hixkaryana": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Huitoto (Minica)": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Hunde": "Definite affix on noun", "Huastec": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Hungarian": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Hupa": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Hunzib": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Iaai": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Iban": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Icelandic": "Definite affix on noun", "Ingessana": "Definite affix on noun", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "Definite affix on noun", "Ika": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Imonda": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Inanwatan": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Indonesian": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Ingush": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Irish": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Iraqw": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Irarutu": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "I'saka": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Italian": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Itelmen": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Izi": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Jabêm": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Jakaltek": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Jur Mödö": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Jamsay": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Jingpho": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Japanese": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Ju|'hoan": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Karó (Arára)": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Kabardian": "Definite affix on noun", "Kadugli": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Kana": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Kaulong": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Kayardild": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Kamba": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Karen (Bwe)": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Koyra Chiini": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Kele": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Kenga": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Kera": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Ket": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Kewa": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Koromfe": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Khalkha": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Khaling": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Khalaj": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Khmer": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Khasi": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Kiowa": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Kisi": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Kokota": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Kalispel": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Kilivila": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Kamaiurá": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Kombai": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Kham": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Karimojong": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Kalmyk": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Kamass": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Kugu Nganhcara": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Konni": "Definite affix on noun", "Kanakuru": "Definite affix on noun", "Kunama": "Definite affix on noun", "Kanuri": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Konkow": "Definite affix on noun", "Koasati": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Kobon": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Komi-Permyak": "Definite affix on noun", "Korean": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Kosraean": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Kposo": "Definite affix on noun", "Karachay-Balkar": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Kurdish (Central)": "Definite affix on noun", "Kresh": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Karok": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Korana": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Krongo": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Kairiru": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Korowai": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Koyraboro Senni": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Karen (Sgaw)": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Kutenai": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Kwangali": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Kwoma": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Kwomtari": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Kyaka": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Kyuquot": "Definite affix on noun", "Laal": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Lagwan": "Definite affix on noun", "Lahu": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Lai": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Lalo": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Lango": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Lao": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Laragia": "Definite affix on noun", "Latvian": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Lavukaleve": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Lunda": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Lebeo": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Lenakel": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Lepcha": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Lewo": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Lezgian": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Logoti": "Definite affix on noun", "Longgu": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Lithuanian": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Lakhota": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Lelemi": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Lamang": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Lamaholot": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Lamani": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Lampung": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Linda": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Loniu": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Lotha": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Lugbara": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Luo": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Luvale": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Maasai": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Maba": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Macushi": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Ma'di": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Mae": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Malagasy": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Mam": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Maori": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Mapudungun": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Maricopa": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Maybrat": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Mbili": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Mbum": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Mbara": "Definite affix on noun", "Macedonian": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Mende": "Definite affix on noun", "Mandan": "Definite affix on noun", "Meyah": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Meithei": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Mangghuer": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Musgu": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Marathi": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Mikir": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Minangkabau": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Miskito": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Miya": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Mizo": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Mauka": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Makasae": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Mokilko": "Definite affix on noun", "Maleu": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Manam": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Mono (in United States)": "Definite affix on noun", "Mansi": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Mono-Alu": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Mordvin (Erzya)": "Definite affix on noun", "Mofu-Gudur": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Mokilese": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Mon": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Mooré": "Definite affix on noun", "Moru": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Mian": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Mara": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Margi": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Moro": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Marquesan": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Maru": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Mising": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Masalit": "Definite affix on noun", "Musom": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Maisin": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Matuumbi": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Motu": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Muinane": "Definite affix on noun", "Mumuye": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Mundari": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Mupun": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Mursi": "Definite affix on noun", "Mussau": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Manobo (Western Bukidnon)": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Mwotlap": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Mixtec (Peñoles)": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Mangarrayi": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Ma'anyan": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Neo-Aramaic (Arbel Jewish)": "Definite affix on noun", "Namia": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Nandi": "Definite affix on noun", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Nasioi": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Ngäbere": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Nicobarese (Car)": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Ndebele": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Ndjébbana": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Ndonga": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Ndumu": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Ndyuka": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Neyo": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Ngad'a": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Ngiyambaa": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Ngalakan": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Ngambay": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Ngizim": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Niuafo'ou": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Niuean": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Nkonya": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "Definite affix on noun", "Noni": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Noon": "Definite affix on noun", "Norwegian": "Definite affix on noun", "Nanerge": "Definite affix on noun", "Nisgha": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Ngiti": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Nuaulu": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Nunggubuyu": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Nupe": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Newar (Dolakha)": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Nyamwezi": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Nyulnyul": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Ogbronuagum": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Obolo": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Ocuilteco": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Oksapmin": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Oneida": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Onge": "Definite affix on noun", "O'odham": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Oromo (Harar)": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Oromo (Waata)": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Oriya": "Definite affix on noun", "Páez": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Palauan": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Panjabi": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Päri": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Paumarí": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Folopa": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Pero": "Definite affix on noun", "Pilagá": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Piaroa": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Pipil": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Piro": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Pokot": "Definite affix on noun", "Palikur": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Paamese": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Paiute (Northern)": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Polish": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Portuguese": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Prasuni": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Pirahã": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Persian": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Pashto": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Puluwat": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Qafar": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Quechua (Huallaga)": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Qiang": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Sipakapense": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Rama": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Rapanui": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Rawang": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Remo": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Resígaro": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Retuarã": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Romanian": "Definite affix on noun", "Ron": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Roviana": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Runga": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Russian": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Romani (Welsh)": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Salinan": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Samoan": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Sango": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Sare": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Serbian-Croatian": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Sandawe": "Definite affix on noun", "Sebei": "Definite affix on noun", "Seri": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Shambala": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Siane": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Sidaama": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Sio": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Siar": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Sisiqa": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Sikkimese": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Slave": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Saliba (in Papua New Guinea)": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Shina": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Saami (Northern)": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Somali": "Definite affix on noun", "Spanish": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Squamish": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Sarcee": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Sirionó": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Siroi": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Sisaala": "Definite affix on noun", "Stieng": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Santali": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Sotho (Northern)": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Sulka": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Supyire": "Definite affix on noun", "Savosavo": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Swahili": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Swedish": "Definite affix on noun", "Taba": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Tacana": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Tajik": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Takia": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Tamang (Eastern)": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Tangale": "Definite affix on noun", "Tariana": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Tashlhiyt": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Tauya": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Tawala": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Tubu": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Tarahumara (Central)": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Tepehua (Huehuetla)": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Tennet": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Tepehua (Tlachichilco)": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Teso": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Tigak": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Tsogo": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Tigré": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Thai": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Kuuk Thaayorre": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Tidore": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Tigrinya": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Timugon": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Tinrin": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Tiwi": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Tiipay (Jamul)": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Tokelauan": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Takelma": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Tolai": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Telefol": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Tama": "Definite affix on noun", "Tibetan (Modern Literary)": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Turkana": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Temne": "Definite affix on noun", "Tongan": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Tungak": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Totonac (Misantla)": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Tepehuan (Northern)": "Definite affix on noun", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Tutelo": "Definite affix on noun", "Tetun": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Tati (Southern)": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Tsova-Tush": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Tucano": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Tukang Besi": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Tulu": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Turkish": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Tuvan": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Tuvaluan": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Tatar": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Tutsa": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Tarahumara (Western)": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Totonac (Xicotepec de Juárez)": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Tzutujil": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Ubykh": "Definite affix on noun", "Ukrainian": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Uldeme": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Ulithian": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Ungarinjin": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Urdu": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Urak Lawoi'": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Urarina": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Usan": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Ute": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Vai": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Vietnamese": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Wahgi": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Wakhi": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Walman": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Wappo": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Wari'": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Wambon": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Wichí": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Welsh": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Wikchamni": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Wiyot": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Wolof": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Woleaian": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Worora": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Wardaman": "Definite affix on noun", "Warrwa": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Waskia": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Xârâcùù": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Kombio": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Xhosa": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Yagua": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Yapese": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Yaqui": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Yagaria": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Yidiny": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Yimas": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Yindjibarndi": "Definite affix on noun", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Yingkarta": "Definite affix on noun", "Yokuts (Yaudanchi)": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Yoruba": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Yup'ik (Central)": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Yurok": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Yuwaalaraay": "Demonstrative word used as marker of definiteness", "Beria": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Zapotec (Isthmus)": "No definite article but indefinite article", "Zarma": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Zayse": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Zoque (Chimalapa)": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Popoluca (Sierra)": "Definite word distinct from demonstrative", "Zulu": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "Zapotec (Yatzachi)": "Definite affix on noun" }
38A
Indefinite Articles
Nominal Categories
How is indefiniteness marked in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'; Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article; Indefinite affix on noun; No indefinite article but definite article; Neither indefinite nor definite
{ "Aari": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Abkhaz": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Abun": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Acehnese": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Acoma": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Adioukrou": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Angami": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Alamblak": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Albanian": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Alune": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Ambulas": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Amahuaca": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Amele": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Amharic": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Amanab": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Ambai": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Arabic (Moroccan)": "Indefinite affix on noun", "Araona": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Anggor": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Anejom": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Anufo": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Anywa": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Ao": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Mufian": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Apalaí": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Apurinã": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Lokono": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Archi": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Arabic (Gulf)": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Arabic (Kuwaiti)": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Arosi": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Arabic (Iraqi)": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Armenian (Western)": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Arabic (Syrian)": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Atayal": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Au": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Awa Pit": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Awtuw": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Aymara (Central)": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Azari (Iranian)": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Babungo": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Bagirmi": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Bari": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Bawm": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Barambu": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Bininj Gun-Wok": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Bella Coola": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Budu": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Berber (Figuig)": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Biak": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Bilua": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Binandere": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Birom": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Batak (Karo)": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Blackfoot": "Indefinite affix on noun", "Balti": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Bini": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Bodo": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Breton": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Berber (Rif)": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Burmese": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Burunge": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Barupu": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Berber (Siwa)": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Bashkir": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Basque": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Bontok": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Batak (Toba)": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Buma": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Bajau (West Coast)": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Byansi": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Cashibo": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Campa (Axininca)": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Chumash (Barbareño)": "Indefinite affix on noun", "Chácobo": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Chinantec (Comaltepec)": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Cebuano": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Cèmuhî": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Chechen": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Cherokee": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Chang": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Chaha": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Chimariko": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Chukchi": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Chrau": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Chin (Siyin)": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Chuvash": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Comanche": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Chin (Mara)": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Chontal Maya": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Canela": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Cantonese": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Cocama": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Coos (Hanis)": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Coptic": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Chinantec (Palantla)": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Cornish": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Chin (Tiddim)": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Catalan": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Cupeño": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Czech": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Daga": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Dadjriwalé": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Degema": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Dagaare": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Dagbani": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Dhargari": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Didinga": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Diola-Fogny": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Dla (Menggwa)": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Dumi": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Doyayo": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Danish": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Duka": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Dutch": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Engenni": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Eipo": "No indefinite article but definite article", "English": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Epena Pedee": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Erromangan": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Estonian": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Eudeve": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Evenki": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Even": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Ewe": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Fijian": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Finnish": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Fongbe": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "French": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Frisian": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Futuna-Aniwa": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Fyem": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Gã": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Gaelic (Scots)": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Gahuku": "Indefinite affix on noun", "Garo": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Gela": "No indefinite article but definite article", "German": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Gilaki": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Golin": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Gumawana": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Ga'anda": "Indefinite affix on noun", "Gunin": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Goemai": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Gokana": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Gondi": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Grebo": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Greek (Modern)": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Greenlandic (West)": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Guaraní": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Gula (in Central African Republic)": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Gurung": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Gwari": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Gworok": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Haida": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Hatam": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Hausa": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Hawaiian": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Hindi": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Hixkaryana": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Huitoto (Minica)": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Hmong Njua": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Hunde": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Hoava": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Huastec": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Hungarian": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Hunzib": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Iaai": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Iban": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Icelandic": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "Indefinite affix on noun", "Ika": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Imonda": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Inanwatan": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Indonesian": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Ingush": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Irish": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Iraqw": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "I'saka": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Italian": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Itelmen": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Izi": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Jabêm": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Jakaltek": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Jur Mödö": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Jamsay": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Jingpho": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Japanese": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Ju|'hoan": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Jukun": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Karó (Arára)": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Kadugli": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Kana": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Kaulong": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Kayardild": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Karen (Bwe)": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Ket": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Kewa": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Koromfe": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Kirghiz": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Khalkha": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Khaling": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Khalaj": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Nama": "Indefinite affix on noun", "Khasi": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Kiowa": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Kisi": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Karakalpak": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Kokota": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Klao": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Kilivila": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Kiliwa": "Indefinite affix on noun", "Kamaiurá": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Kombai": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Kham": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Karimojong": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Kalmyk": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Kugu Nganhcara": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Kannada": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Konni": "Indefinite affix on noun", "Kunama": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Kinnauri": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Kanuri": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Kobon": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Korean": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Kosraean": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Kposo": "Indefinite affix on noun", "Karachay-Balkar": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Kurdish (Central)": "Indefinite affix on noun", "Korana": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Krongo": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Korowai": "Indefinite affix on noun", "Koyraboro Senni": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Karen (Sgaw)": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Kutenai": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Kwangali": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Kwoma": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Kyaka": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Ladakhi": "Indefinite affix on noun", "Lahu": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Lai": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Lalo": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Lango": "Indefinite affix on noun", "Lao": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Latvian": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Lavukaleve": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Lunda": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Lele": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Lenakel": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Lepcha": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Lewo": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Lezgian": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Limbu": "Indefinite affix on noun", "Lithuanian": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Lakhota": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Lelemi": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Lamang": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Lamaholot": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Lamani": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Lampung": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Loniu": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Lugbara": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Luo": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Luvale": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Maasai": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Macushi": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Ma'di": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Mae": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Malagasy": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Mam": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Maori": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Mapudungun": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Maricopa": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Masa": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Maybrat": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Mbili": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Mbum": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Mende": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Mandan": "Indefinite affix on noun", "Meyah": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Meithei": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Mangghuer": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Musgu": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Marathi": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Mikir": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Minangkabau": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Miskito": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Miya": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Mizo": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Mauka": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Makasae": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Maleu": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Manam": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Mansi": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Mono-Alu": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Mokilese": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Mooré": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Mian": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Mara": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Margi": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Moro": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Marquesan": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Maru": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Masalit": "Indefinite affix on noun", "Maisin": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Motu": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Mumuye": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Mundari": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Mupun": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Mwotlap": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Mixtec (Peñoles)": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Mixtec (Yosondúa)": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Ma'anyan": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Mazatec (Chiquihuitlán)": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Mazanderani": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Nabak": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Neo-Aramaic (Arbel Jewish)": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Nasioi": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Nicobarese (Car)": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Ndebele": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Ndjébbana": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Ndonga": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Ndumu": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Ndyuka": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Nevome": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Neyo": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Ngbaka (Minagende)": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Ngad'a": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Ngiyambaa": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Ngalakan": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Ngambay": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Ngizim": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Nias": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Niuafo'ou": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Nkonya": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "Indefinite affix on noun", "Nengone": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Noni": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Noon": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Norwegian": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Nar-Phu": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Nanerge": "Indefinite affix on noun", "Nisgha": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Ngiti": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Nuaulu": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Nunggubuyu": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Newar (Dolakha)": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Nyamwezi": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Nyulnyul": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Ogbronuagum": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Obolo": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Ocuilteco": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Oneida": "No indefinite article but definite article", "O'odham": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Oromo (Harar)": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Oromo (Waata)": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Osage": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Pa'a": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Páez": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Palauan": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Panjabi": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Paumarí": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Folopa": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Pero": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Pilagá": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Piaroa": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Pipil": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Palikur": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Paamese": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Paiute (Northern)": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Pohnpeian": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Polish": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Portuguese": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Prasuni": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Pirahã": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Pashto": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Puluwat": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Purépecha": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Qafar": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Quechua (Huallaga)": "Indefinite affix on noun", "Qiang": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Quileute": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Sipakapense": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Rama": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Rapanui": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Rawang": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Remo": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Resígaro": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Retuarã": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Romanian": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Roviana": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Runga": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Russian": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Romani (Welsh)": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Samoan": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Sare": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Serbian-Croatian": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Sandawe": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Siane": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Sidaama": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Sio": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Siar": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Sisiqa": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Sikkimese": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Slave": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Saliba (in Papua New Guinea)": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Shina": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Saami (Northern)": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Somali": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Spanish": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Squamish": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Sarcee": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Sirionó": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Siroi": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Stieng": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Santali": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Sotho (Northern)": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Sulka": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Sundanese": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Supyire": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Savosavo": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Swedish": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Taba": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Tacana": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Taiof": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Tahitian": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Tajik": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Tamang (Eastern)": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Tariana": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Tashlhiyt": "Indefinite affix on noun", "Tauya": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Tubu": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Tarahumara (Central)": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Tepehua (Huehuetla)": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Tennet": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Tepehua (Tlachichilco)": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Teso": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Tigak": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Tshangla": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Tigré": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Thai": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Kuuk Thaayorre": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Tidore": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Tigrinya": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Tikar": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Tinrin": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Tiwi": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Tiipay (Jamul)": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Takelma": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Tolai": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Tibetan (Modern Literary)": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Turkana": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Temne": "Indefinite affix on noun", "Tongan": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Tungak": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Southern Toussian": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Tepehuan (Northern)": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Tepehuan (Southeastern)": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Trique (Copala)": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Tutelo": "Indefinite affix on noun", "Tetun": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Tati (Southern)": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Tsova-Tush": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Tucano": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Tukang Besi": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Tulu": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Turkish": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Tuvan": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Tuvaluan": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Tatar": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Tutsa": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Tarahumara (Western)": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Tzutujil": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Ubykh": "Indefinite affix on noun", "Ukrainian": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Ulithian": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Ungarinjin": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Ura": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Urdu": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Urak Lawoi'": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Vai": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Wahgi": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Walman": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Wari'": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Wambon": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Wichí": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Welsh": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Wikchamni": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Wolof": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Wambule": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Woleaian": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Worora": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Waskia": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Xârâcùù": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Xasonga": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Kombio": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Xhosa": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Yagua": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Yapese": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Yaqui": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Yagaria": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Yidiny": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Yimas": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Yokuts (Yaudanchi)": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Yoruba": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Yup'ik (Central)": "Neither indefinite nor definite", "Yuchi": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Yuwaalaraay": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Beria": "Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'", "Zapotec (Isthmus)": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Zarma": "Numeral for 'one' is used as indefinite article", "Zayse": "No indefinite article but definite article", "Zulu": "Neither indefinite nor definite" }
39A
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns
Nominal Categories
How are inclusive/exclusive distinctions expressed in independent pronouns in the <LANGUAGE> language?
No grammaticalised marking at all; We' and 'I' identical; No inclusive/exclusive opposition; Only inclusive differentiated; Inclusive and exclusive differentiated
{ "Abipón": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Abkhaz": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Acoma": "No grammaticalised marking at all", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Ainu": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Alamblak": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Amele": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Araona": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Apurinã": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Armenian (Eastern)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Asmat": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Awa Pit": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Aymara (Central)": "Only inclusive differentiated", "Bagirmi": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Bambara": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Bawm": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Beja": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Batak (Karo)": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Brahui": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Bribri": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Burmese": "We' and 'I' identical", "Barasano": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Basque": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Burushaski": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Cahuilla": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Carib": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Chamorro": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Chukchi": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Comanche": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Canela": "Only inclusive differentiated", "Coos (Hanis)": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Cree (Plains)": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Cayuvava": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Daga": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Diola-Fogny": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Drehu": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Ekari": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "English": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Epena Pedee": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Evenki": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Ewe": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Fijian": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Finnish": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "French": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Fur": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Garo": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Georgian": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "German": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Gooniyandi": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Grebo": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Greek (Modern)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Greenlandic (West)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Guaraní": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Haida": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Hamtai": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Hausa": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Hebrew (Modern)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Hindi": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Hixkaryana": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Hmong Njua": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Huitoto (Murui)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Hungarian": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Hunzib": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Igbo": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Ika": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Imonda": "Only inclusive differentiated", "Indonesian": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Ingush": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Irish": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Iraqw": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Jakaltek": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Japanese": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Ju|'hoan": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Kayardild": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Kera": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Ket": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Kewa": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Koromfe": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Khalkha": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Khmer": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Nama": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Khasi": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Kiowa": "We' and 'I' identical", "Kilivila": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Khmu'": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Kannada": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Kunama": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Kanuri": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Koasati": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Kobon": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Kongo": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Korean": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Kiribati": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Karok": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Krongo": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Koyraboro Senni": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Kutenai": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Ladakhi": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Lak": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Lango": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Latvian": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Lavukaleve": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Lepcha": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Lezgian": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Lakhota": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Luvale": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Maba": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Makah": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Malagasy": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Maori": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Mapudungun": "We' and 'I' identical", "Maricopa": "We' and 'I' identical", "Maung": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Maybrat": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Meithei": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Maranungku": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Mandarin": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Marind": "We' and 'I' identical", "Murle": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Martuthunira": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Mundari": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Only inclusive differentiated", "Mangarrayi": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Navajo": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Ndyuka": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Nez Perce": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Ngiyambaa": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Nivkh": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Nkore-Kiga": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Ngiti": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Nenets": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Nunggubuyu": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Otomí (Ixtenco)": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Oneida": "We' and 'I' identical", "Oromo (Harar)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Paiwan": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Paumarí": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Pitjantjatjara": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Paamese": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Pirahã": "No grammaticalised marking at all", "Persian": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Qawasqar": "We' and 'I' identical", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Rama": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Rapanui": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Russian": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Sango": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Selknam": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Shipibo-Konibo": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Slave": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Semelai": "Only inclusive differentiated", "Sanuma": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Sentani": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Spanish": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Squamish": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Suena": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Supyire": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Swahili": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Taba": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Tagalog": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Thai": "We' and 'I' identical", "Tiwi": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Tlingit": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Trumai": "We' and 'I' identical", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Tukang Besi": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Tunica": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Turkish": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Una": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Ungarinjin": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Urubú-Kaapor": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Usan": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Vietnamese": "We' and 'I' identical", "Wambaya": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Wari'": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Wichí": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Wichita": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Warao": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Wardaman": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Yagua": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Yaqui": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Yidiny": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Yimas": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Yoruba": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Yup'ik (Central)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Yuchi": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Yurok": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Zulu": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition" }
39B
Inclusive/Exclusive Forms in Pama-Nyungan
Nominal Categories
Are inclusive and exclusive forms distinguished in pronouns in the <LANGUAGE> language?
No inclusive/exclusive opposition; Inclusive and exclusive differentiated
{ "Arabana": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Anguthimri": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Alyawarra": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Arrernte": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Biri": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Palyku": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Bayungu": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Dhalandji": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Dhargari": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Diyari": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Djabugay": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Djapu": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Djaru": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Dyirbal": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Gugadj": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Gidabal": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Gunya": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Gupapuyngu": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Gumbaynggir": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Guugu Yimidhirr": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Kalkatungu": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Kugu Nganhcara": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Kuku-Yalanji": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Kaytej": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Linngithig": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Mbabaram": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Mudburra": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Madimadi": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Margany": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Mirniny": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Martuthunira": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Muruwari": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Ngiyambaa": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Ngarinyeri": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Ngawun": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Nhanda": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Nyungar": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Ngarla": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Ngarluma": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Nyamal": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Nyawaygi": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Nyangumarda": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Pitjantjatjara": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Paakantyi": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Panyjima": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Pitta Pitta": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Uradhi": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Umpila": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Kariera": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Watjarri": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Wanman": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Western Desert (Ooldea)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Wembawemba": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Wangkangurru": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Warrongo": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Wagawaga": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Walmatjari": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Wik Munkan": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Warrgamay": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Warlpiri": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Warumungu": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Woiwurrung": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Yidiny": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Yindjibarndi": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Yulparija": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Yalarnnga": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Yingkarta": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Yanyuwa": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Yuwaalaraay": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Yaygir": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition" }
40A
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection
Nominal Categories
How are inclusive/exclusive distinctions marked in verbal inflection in the <LANGUAGE> language?
No person marking at all; We' and 'I' identical; No inclusive/exclusive opposition; Only inclusive differentiated; Inclusive and exclusive differentiated
{ "Abipón": "We' and 'I' identical", "Abkhaz": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Acoma": "We' and 'I' identical", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Ainu": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Alamblak": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Amele": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Araona": "No person marking at all", "Apurinã": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Armenian (Eastern)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Asmat": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Awa Pit": "We' and 'I' identical", "Aymara (Central)": "Only inclusive differentiated", "Bagirmi": "No person marking at all", "Bambara": "No person marking at all", "Bawm": "No person marking at all", "Beja": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Batak (Karo)": "No person marking at all", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Brahui": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Bribri": "No person marking at all", "Burmese": "No person marking at all", "Barasano": "No person marking at all", "Basque": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Burushaski": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Cahuilla": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Carib": "Only inclusive differentiated", "Chamorro": "No person marking at all", "Chukchi": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Comanche": "No person marking at all", "Canela": "Only inclusive differentiated", "Coos (Hanis)": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Cree (Plains)": "Only inclusive differentiated", "Cayuvava": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Daga": "We' and 'I' identical", "Diola-Fogny": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Drehu": "No person marking at all", "Ekari": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "English": "We' and 'I' identical", "Epena Pedee": "No person marking at all", "Evenki": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Ewe": "No person marking at all", "Fijian": "No person marking at all", "Finnish": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "French": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Fur": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Garo": "No person marking at all", "Georgian": "We' and 'I' identical", "German": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Gooniyandi": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Grebo": "No person marking at all", "Greek (Modern)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Greenlandic (West)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Guaraní": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Haida": "No person marking at all", "Hamtai": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Hausa": "No person marking at all", "Hebrew (Modern)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Hindi": "No person marking at all", "Hixkaryana": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Hmong Njua": "No person marking at all", "Huitoto (Murui)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Hungarian": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Hunzib": "No person marking at all", "Igbo": "No person marking at all", "Ika": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Imonda": "No person marking at all", "Indonesian": "No person marking at all", "Ingush": "No person marking at all", "Irish": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Iraqw": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Jakaltek": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Japanese": "No person marking at all", "Ju|'hoan": "No person marking at all", "Kayardild": "No person marking at all", "Kera": "No person marking at all", "Ket": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Kewa": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Koromfe": "No person marking at all", "Khalkha": "No person marking at all", "Khmer": "No person marking at all", "Nama": "No person marking at all", "Khasi": "No person marking at all", "Kiowa": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Kilivila": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Khmu'": "No person marking at all", "Kannada": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Kunama": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Kanuri": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Koasati": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Kobon": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Kongo": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Korean": "No person marking at all", "Kiribati": "No person marking at all", "Karok": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Krongo": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Koyraboro Senni": "No person marking at all", "Kutenai": "We' and 'I' identical", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "No person marking at all", "Ladakhi": "No person marking at all", "Lak": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Lango": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Latvian": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Lavukaleve": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Lepcha": "No person marking at all", "Lezgian": "No person marking at all", "Lakhota": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Luvale": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Maba": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Makah": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Malagasy": "No person marking at all", "Maori": "No person marking at all", "Mapudungun": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Maricopa": "We' and 'I' identical", "Maung": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Maybrat": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Meithei": "No person marking at all", "Maranungku": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Mandarin": "No person marking at all", "Marind": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Murle": "We' and 'I' identical", "Martuthunira": "No person marking at all", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Mundari": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Only inclusive differentiated", "Mangarrayi": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Navajo": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Ndyuka": "No person marking at all", "Nez Perce": "We' and 'I' identical", "Ngiyambaa": "No person marking at all", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Nivkh": "No person marking at all", "Nkore-Kiga": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Ngiti": "Only inclusive differentiated", "Nenets": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Nunggubuyu": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Otomí (Ixtenco)": "We' and 'I' identical", "Oneida": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Oromo (Harar)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Paiwan": "No person marking at all", "Paumarí": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Pitjantjatjara": "No person marking at all", "Paamese": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Pirahã": "No person marking at all", "Persian": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Only inclusive differentiated", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "No person marking at all", "Qawasqar": "No person marking at all", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Rama": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Rapanui": "No person marking at all", "Russian": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Sango": "No person marking at all", "Selknam": "No person marking at all", "Shipibo-Konibo": "No person marking at all", "Slave": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Semelai": "Only inclusive differentiated", "Sanuma": "No person marking at all", "Sentani": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Spanish": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Squamish": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Suena": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Supyire": "No person marking at all", "Swahili": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Taba": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Tagalog": "No person marking at all", "Thai": "No person marking at all", "Tiwi": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Tlingit": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Trumai": "No person marking at all", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Tukang Besi": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Tunica": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Turkish": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Una": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Ungarinjin": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Urubú-Kaapor": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Usan": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Vietnamese": "No person marking at all", "Wambaya": "No person marking at all", "Wari'": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Wichí": "We' and 'I' identical", "Wichita": "Only inclusive differentiated", "Warao": "No person marking at all", "Wardaman": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Yagua": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Yaqui": "No person marking at all", "Yidiny": "No person marking at all", "Yimas": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Yoruba": "No person marking at all", "Yup'ik (Central)": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Yuchi": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Yurok": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Inclusive and exclusive differentiated", "Zulu": "No inclusive/exclusive opposition" }
41A
Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives
Nominal Categories
How many distance contrasts are marked in demonstratives in the <LANGUAGE> language?
No distance contrast; Two-way contrast; Three-way contrast; Four-way contrast; Five (or more)-way contrast
{ "Abkhaz": "Two-way contrast", "Arabana": "Three-way contrast", "Acehnese": "Three-way contrast", "Acoma": "Three-way contrast", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Two-way contrast", "Afrikaans": "Two-way contrast", "Ainu": "Two-way contrast", "Alamblak": "Two-way contrast", "Alyawarra": "Three-way contrast", "Ambulas": "Three-way contrast", "Amele": "Three-way contrast", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "Three-way contrast", "//Ani": "Three-way contrast", "Anywa": "Three-way contrast", "Ao": "Two-way contrast", "Apalaí": "Three-way contrast", "Apurinã": "Two-way contrast", "Arabic (Gulf)": "Two-way contrast", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Two-way contrast", "Asmat": "Four-way contrast", "Bade": "Two-way contrast", "Baka (in Cameroon)": "Two-way contrast", "Belhare": "Two-way contrast", "Berber (Figuig)": "Two-way contrast", "Burmese": "Two-way contrast", "Barasano": "Three-way contrast", "Basque": "Three-way contrast", "Burushaski": "Two-way contrast", "Byansi": "Two-way contrast", "Chamorro": "Three-way contrast", "Chukchi": "Three-way contrast", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Three-way contrast", "Comanche": "Three-way contrast", "Canela": "Two-way contrast", "Cantonese": "Two-way contrast", "Coos (Hanis)": "Two-way contrast", "Cree (Plains)": "Three-way contrast", "Cubeo": "Two-way contrast", "Czech": "Two-way contrast", "Djaru": "Two-way contrast", "Dong (Southern)": "Three-way contrast", "Drehu": "Two-way contrast", "Dargwa": "Three-way contrast", "Dyirbal": "Two-way contrast", "Engenni": "Two-way contrast", "English": "Two-way contrast", "Epena Pedee": "Two-way contrast", "Evenki": "Two-way contrast", "Even": "Two-way contrast", "Ewe": "Two-way contrast", "Ewondo": "Three-way contrast", "Fijian": "Three-way contrast", "Finnish": "Two-way contrast", "French": "No distance contrast", "Futuna-Aniwa": "Three-way contrast", "Georgian": "Three-way contrast", "German": "No distance contrast", "Gooniyandi": "Two-way contrast", "Greek (Modern)": "Three-way contrast", "Greenlandic (West)": "Three-way contrast", "Guaraní": "Three-way contrast", "Guugu Yimidhirr": "Two-way contrast", "Hausa": "Four-way contrast", "Hawaiian": "Three-way contrast", "Hdi": "Three-way contrast", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Two-way contrast", "Hixkaryana": "Three-way contrast", "Halkomelem (Upriver)": "Three-way contrast", "Hmong Njua": "Three-way contrast", "Hua": "Three-way contrast", "Hungarian": "Two-way contrast", "Hunzib": "Three-way contrast", "Ika": "Three-way contrast", "Imonda": "Two-way contrast", "Indonesian": "Two-way contrast", "Ingush": "Two-way contrast", "Inuktitut (Aivilingmiutut)": "Two-way contrast", "Irish": "Three-way contrast", "Iraqw": "Four-way contrast", "Italian": "Two-way contrast", "Jakaltek": "Two-way contrast", "Japanese": "Three-way contrast", "Ju|'hoan": "Three-way contrast", "Kabardian": "Two-way contrast", "Kambera": "Four-way contrast", "Kashmiri": "Two-way contrast", "Kayardild": "Two-way contrast", "Kabyle": "Three-way contrast", "Kera": "No distance contrast", "Ket": "Three-way contrast", "Koromfe": "No distance contrast", "Khalkha": "Two-way contrast", "Nama": "Two-way contrast", "Khasi": "Three-way contrast", "Kiowa": "Two-way contrast", "Kisi": "Two-way contrast", "Kilba": "Three-way contrast", "Klamath": "Two-way contrast", "Kilivila": "Three-way contrast", "Kannada": "Two-way contrast", "Kunama": "Two-way contrast", "Kanuri": "Two-way contrast", "Koasati": "Five (or more)-way contrast", "Kobon": "Two-way contrast", "Kokborok": "Two-way contrast", "Korean": "Three-way contrast", "Kosraean": "Three-way contrast", "Karanga": "Two-way contrast", "Krongo": "Three-way contrast", "Kairiru": "Three-way contrast", "Koyraboro Senni": "No distance contrast", "Kutenai": "Three-way contrast", "Kwaio": "Two-way contrast", "Kwami": "Two-way contrast", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "Two-way contrast", "Lango": "Three-way contrast", "Latvian": "Two-way contrast", "Lavukaleve": "Three-way contrast", "Lezgian": "Three-way contrast", "Limbu": "Two-way contrast", "Lithuanian": "Two-way contrast", "Lakhota": "Three-way contrast", "Loniu": "Two-way contrast", "Luo": "Three-way contrast", "Macushi": "Two-way contrast", "Makah": "Two-way contrast", "Malagasy": "Five (or more)-way contrast", "Mam": "No distance contrast", "Maori": "Three-way contrast", "Mapudungun": "Three-way contrast", "Maricopa": "Five (or more)-way contrast", "Maung": "Three-way contrast", "Maybrat": "Three-way contrast", "Meithei": "Two-way contrast", "Marathi": "Two-way contrast", "Miya": "Two-way contrast", "Maltese": "Two-way contrast", "Mandarin": "Two-way contrast", "Manam": "Two-way contrast", "Mojave": "Two-way contrast", "Mokilese": "Three-way contrast", "Margi": "Two-way contrast", "Martuthunira": "Two-way contrast", "Marshallese": "Four-way contrast", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Two-way contrast", "Mulao": "Two-way contrast", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Two-way contrast", "Malayalam": "Two-way contrast", "Nandi": "Three-way contrast", "Navajo": "Five (or more)-way contrast", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Two-way contrast", "Ndyuka": "Two-way contrast", "Nez Perce": "Two-way contrast", "Ngiyambaa": "Two-way contrast", "Ngalakan": "Two-way contrast", "Ngizim": "Two-way contrast", "Nivkh": "Two-way contrast", "Nkore-Kiga": "Three-way contrast", "Nubian (Kunuz)": "Two-way contrast", "Ngiti": "Three-way contrast", "Nunggubuyu": "Three-way contrast", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "Two-way contrast", "Oneida": "Two-way contrast", "Oromo (Harar)": "Two-way contrast", "Paiwan": "Two-way contrast", "Panjabi": "Two-way contrast", "Paumarí": "Three-way contrast", "Pipil": "Two-way contrast", "Paakantyi": "Four-way contrast", "Pangasinan": "Two-way contrast", "Pohnpeian": "Three-way contrast", "Pirahã": "Two-way contrast", "Persian": "Two-way contrast", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Three-way contrast", "Quechua (Huallaga)": "Three-way contrast", "Quileute": "Four-way contrast", "Rama": "Two-way contrast", "Rapanui": "Three-way contrast", "Retuarã": "Two-way contrast", "Russian": "Two-way contrast", "Samoan": "Three-way contrast", "Slave": "Two-way contrast", "Semelai": "Two-way contrast", "Sanuma": "Three-way contrast", "So": "Two-way contrast", "Somali": "Four-way contrast", "Spanish": "Three-way contrast", "Supyire": "No distance contrast", "Swahili": "Two-way contrast", "Swedish": "Two-way contrast", "Swati": "Three-way contrast", "Tagalog": "Three-way contrast", "Tashlhiyt": "Three-way contrast", "Tauya": "Two-way contrast", "Tinrin": "Three-way contrast", "Tiwi": "Two-way contrast", "Tlingit": "Four-way contrast", "Tamil": "Two-way contrast", "Turkana": "Two-way contrast", "Tongan": "Two-way contrast", "Tonkawa": "Three-way contrast", "Trumai": "Two-way contrast", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "Three-way contrast", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Two-way contrast", "Tukang Besi": "Three-way contrast", "Turkish": "Two-way contrast", "Tuscarora": "Two-way contrast", "Tuvaluan": "Three-way contrast", "Tiwa (Northern)": "Three-way contrast", "Tzutujil": "Three-way contrast", "Udihe": "Two-way contrast", "Urdu": "Two-way contrast", "Urim": "Three-way contrast", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Three-way contrast", "Ute": "Two-way contrast", "Vietnamese": "Two-way contrast", "Wambaya": "Two-way contrast", "Wari'": "Three-way contrast", "Watjarri": "Three-way contrast", "Welsh": "Two-way contrast", "Wichita": "Two-way contrast", "Wolaytta": "Two-way contrast", "Warao": "Three-way contrast", "Wardaman": "Three-way contrast", "Warrgamay": "Two-way contrast", "Warekena": "Two-way contrast", "Yagua": "Two-way contrast", "Yagaria": "Three-way contrast", "Yidiny": "Three-way contrast", "Yimas": "Three-way contrast", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Two-way contrast", "Yankuntjatjara": "Two-way contrast", "Yoruba": "Two-way contrast", "Yupik (Siberian)": "Two-way contrast" }
42A
Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives
Nominal Categories
How are pronominal and adnominal demonstratives used in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Same forms; Different stems; Different inflectional features
{ "Abkhaz": "Same forms", "Arabana": "Same forms", "Acehnese": "Same forms", "Acoma": "Same forms", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Same forms", "Afrikaans": "Same forms", "Ainu": "Different stems", "Alamblak": "Same forms", "Alyawarra": "Same forms", "Ambulas": "Different stems", "Amele": "Same forms", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "Same forms", "Anywa": "Different stems", "Ao": "Same forms", "Apalaí": "Same forms", "Apurinã": "Same forms", "Arabic (Gulf)": "Different stems", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Same forms", "Babungo": "Same forms", "Bade": "Different stems", "Baka (in Cameroon)": "Different stems", "Berber (Figuig)": "Different stems", "Barasano": "Same forms", "Basque": "Same forms", "Burushaski": "Different inflectional features", "Byansi": "Different inflectional features", "Chamorro": "Same forms", "Chukchi": "Same forms", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Different inflectional features", "Comanche": "Same forms", "Canela": "Same forms", "Cantonese": "Same forms", "Cree (Plains)": "Same forms", "Cubeo": "Same forms", "Czech": "Same forms", "Djaru": "Same forms", "Dong (Southern)": "Same forms", "Drehu": "Same forms", "Dargwa": "Same forms", "Dyirbal": "Same forms", "Engenni": "Same forms", "English": "Same forms", "Epena Pedee": "Different inflectional features", "Evenki": "Same forms", "Ewondo": "Same forms", "Fijian": "Same forms", "Finnish": "Same forms", "French": "Different stems", "Futuna-Aniwa": "Same forms", "Georgian": "Different inflectional features", "German": "Same forms", "Greek (Modern)": "Same forms", "Greenlandic (West)": "Same forms", "Guaraní": "Different stems", "Guugu Yimidhirr": "Same forms", "Hausa": "Same forms", "Hawaiian": "Same forms", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Same forms", "Hixkaryana": "Same forms", "Halkomelem (Upriver)": "Different stems", "Hmong Njua": "Same forms", "Hungarian": "Same forms", "Hunzib": "Different inflectional features", "Imonda": "Same forms", "Indonesian": "Same forms", "Inuktitut (Aivilingmiutut)": "Same forms", "Irish": "Same forms", "Iraqw": "Different stems", "Italian": "Same forms", "Japanese": "Different inflectional features", "Kabardian": "Different inflectional features", "Kambera": "Same forms", "Kashmiri": "Same forms", "Kayardild": "Same forms", "Kabyle": "Different stems", "Kera": "Same forms", "Ket": "Different inflectional features", "Koromfe": "Same forms", "Khalkha": "Different inflectional features", "Khasi": "Same forms", "Kiowa": "Same forms", "Kisi": "Same forms", "Kilba": "Different stems", "Klamath": "Same forms", "Kilivila": "Same forms", "Kannada": "Different inflectional features", "Kunama": "Different stems", "Koasati": "Same forms", "Kobon": "Same forms", "Kokborok": "Different stems", "Korean": "Different stems", "Kosraean": "Same forms", "Karanga": "Same forms", "Krongo": "Same forms", "Kairiru": "Same forms", "Koyraboro Senni": "Same forms", "Kutenai": "Same forms", "Kwami": "Same forms", "Lango": "Different stems", "Latvian": "Same forms", "Lavukaleve": "Different stems", "Lezgian": "Different inflectional features", "Limbu": "Different inflectional features", "Lithuanian": "Same forms", "Lakhota": "Same forms", "Luo": "Different stems", "Macushi": "Same forms", "Makah": "Same forms", "Malagasy": "Same forms", "Mam": "Different stems", "Maori": "Same forms", "Mapudungun": "Different stems", "Maricopa": "Same forms", "Maung": "Same forms", "Maybrat": "Same forms", "Meithei": "Same forms", "Marathi": "Same forms", "Miya": "Same forms", "Maltese": "Same forms", "Mandarin": "Same forms", "Mojave": "Same forms", "Margi": "Different stems", "Martuthunira": "Same forms", "Marshallese": "Same forms", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Same forms", "Mulao": "Different stems", "Malayalam": "Different inflectional features", "Nandi": "Different stems", "Navajo": "Same forms", "Ndyuka": "Different stems", "Nez Perce": "Same forms", "Ngiyambaa": "Same forms", "Ngalakan": "Same forms", "Ngizim": "Different stems", "Nivkh": "Different inflectional features", "Nkore-Kiga": "Same forms", "Nubian (Kunuz)": "Same forms", "Ngiti": "Same forms", "Nunggubuyu": "Same forms", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "Same forms", "Oneida": "Same forms", "Oromo (Harar)": "Same forms", "Paiwan": "Same forms", "Panjabi": "Same forms", "Paumarí": "Same forms", "Pipil": "Same forms", "Paakantyi": "Same forms", "Pangasinan": "Different stems", "Pohnpeian": "Different stems", "Pirahã": "Same forms", "Persian": "Different inflectional features", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Same forms", "Paiute (Southern)": "Same forms", "Quechua (Huallaga)": "Same forms", "Rapanui": "Same forms", "Retuarã": "Same forms", "Russian": "Same forms", "Samoan": "Same forms", "Slave": "Same forms", "Semelai": "Same forms", "So": "Different stems", "Somali": "Different inflectional features", "Spanish": "Same forms", "Supyire": "Same forms", "Swahili": "Same forms", "Swedish": "Same forms", "Tagalog": "Same forms", "Tashlhiyt": "Different stems", "Tauya": "Different inflectional features", "Tiwi": "Same forms", "Tamil": "Different inflectional features", "Tongan": "Different stems", "Trumai": "Same forms", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "Same forms", "Tukang Besi": "Same forms", "Turkish": "Different inflectional features", "Tuscarora": "Same forms", "Tuvaluan": "Same forms", "Tzutujil": "Same forms", "Udihe": "Different inflectional features", "Urdu": "Same forms", "Urim": "Same forms", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Same forms", "Ute": "Same forms", "Wambaya": "Same forms", "Wari'": "Different stems", "Watjarri": "Same forms", "Welsh": "Different stems", "Wichita": "Same forms", "Wolaytta": "Different stems", "Warao": "Different stems", "Wardaman": "Same forms", "Warrgamay": "Same forms", "Warekena": "Same forms", "Yagua": "Same forms", "Yagaria": "Different stems", "Yimas": "Same forms", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Different stems", "Yankuntjatjara": "Same forms", "Yoruba": "Same forms", "Yupik (Siberian)": "Same forms" }
43A
Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives
Nominal Categories
How are third-person pronouns related to demonstratives in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives; Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives; Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to remote demonstratives; Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to non-remote demonstratives; Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related by gender markers; Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related for non-human reference
{ "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related by gender markers", "Angami": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Ainu": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Alamblak": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related by gender markers", "Aleut": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Ambulas": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Amele": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Apurinã": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related by gender markers", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to remote demonstratives", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to non-remote demonstratives", "Asmat": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to non-remote demonstratives", "Athpare": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to remote demonstratives", "Awa Pit": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related for non-human reference", "Babungo": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related by gender markers", "Bagirmi": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Bawm": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Brahui": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to non-remote demonstratives", "Burmese": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Barasano": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to remote demonstratives", "Basque": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Burushaski": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to remote demonstratives", "Buriat": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Campa (Axininca)": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Chamorro": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Chukchi": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Chuvash": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to non-remote demonstratives", "Chaldean (Modern)": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to non-remote demonstratives", "Chemehuevi": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Canela": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Cantonese": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Cree (Plains)": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Cubeo": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Cayuvava": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Digaro": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Diola-Fogny": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related by gender markers", "Djaru": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Dumi": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related for non-human reference", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to remote demonstratives", "Dong (Southern)": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "English": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Epena Pedee": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Erromangan": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to non-remote demonstratives", "Evenki": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Fijian": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Finnish": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "French": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related by gender markers", "Futuna-Aniwa": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Garo": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related for non-human reference", "Godié": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related for non-human reference", "Georgian": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to remote demonstratives", "German": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related by gender markers", "Godoberi": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related by gender markers", "Gooniyandi": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Grebo": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related by gender markers", "Greenlandic (West)": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to non-remote demonstratives", "Guaraní": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Guugu Yimidhirr": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related for non-human reference", "Hausa": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Hawaiian": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to remote demonstratives", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Hindi": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Hixkaryana": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Hungarian": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related for non-human reference", "Hunzib": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Ika": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Ila": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related by gender markers", "Imonda": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Indonesian": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Ingush": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Irish": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to remote demonstratives", "Iraqw": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Jakaltek": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Jaqaru": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related for non-human reference", "Japanese": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Ju|'hoan": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related by gender markers", "Juang": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Kambera": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Kayardild": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related for non-human reference", "Koyra Chiini": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Kewa": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Koromfe": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Khalkha": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Nama": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Kharia": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Khasi": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Kisi": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related by gender markers", "Kilivila": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to non-remote demonstratives", "Khmu'": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Kannada": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to remote demonstratives", "Kanuri": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Koasati": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Kobon": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Korean": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Kosraean": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Kiribati": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Koyraboro Senni": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Kwakw'ala": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Kawaiisu": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Lahu": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Lango": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Latvian": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related by gender markers", "Lavukaleve": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Lepcha": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Lezgian": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to non-remote demonstratives", "Lillooet": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Limbu": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to remote demonstratives", "Lakhota": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Lampung": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related for non-human reference", "Luvale": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related by gender markers", "Macushi": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Maori": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to remote demonstratives", "Mapudungun": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to non-remote demonstratives", "Maricopa": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Maung": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related by gender markers", "Maybrat": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related by gender markers", "Mbay": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Meithei": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Marathi": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Micmac": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Miya": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Maltese": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related by gender markers", "Mandarin": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related for non-human reference", "Mokilese": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Margi": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Martuthunira": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Marshallese": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to non-remote demonstratives", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Mundani": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Mundari": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Mupun": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related for non-human reference", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Mixtec (Ocotepec)": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Mixtec (Yosondúa)": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Mangarrayi": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Malayalam": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Ndyuka": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Nez Perce": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Ngiyambaa": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Nivkh": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related for non-human reference", "Nkore-Kiga": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related by gender markers", "Nubian (Kunuz)": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Naga (Mao)": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Ngiti": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Nunggubuyu": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Oneida": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Oromo (Harar)": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Palauan": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Panjabi": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Paumarí": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Pero": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related by gender markers", "Pipil": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to remote demonstratives", "Pitjantjatjara": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to non-remote demonstratives", "Pomo (Eastern)": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Paamese": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Pohnpeian": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Pitta Pitta": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Pirahã": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to remote demonstratives", "Persian": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related for non-human reference", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related for non-human reference", "Quechua (Tarma)": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related for non-human reference", "Rama": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Rapanui": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to remote demonstratives", "Rejang": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Remo": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Retuarã": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Samoan": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to remote demonstratives", "Sango": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Sawu": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Serbian-Croatian": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Shona": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related by gender markers", "Klikitat": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Slave": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related for non-human reference", "Semelai": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Sinhala": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Sentani": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Spanish": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Supyire": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Taba": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Tagalog": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Tauya": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Thai": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Tidore": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Tiipay (Jamul)": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Turkana": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Tonkawa": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Toqabaqita": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Totonac (Misantla)": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Trumai": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related by gender markers", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Tutelo": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Tukang Besi": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Tunica": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Turkish": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to remote demonstratives", "Tuvaluan": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to remote demonstratives", "Tzutujil": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Usan": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Venda": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related by gender markers", "Vietnamese": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to remote demonstratives", "Wambaya": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Wari'": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Wichita": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Wikchamni": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Wintu": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to non-remote demonstratives", "Warao": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to non-remote demonstratives", "Wardaman": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Yagua": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related for non-human reference", "Yaqui": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Yidiny": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Yimas": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Yoruba": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Yup'ik (Central)": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives", "Yuchi": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related by gender markers", "Yukulta": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Yurok": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related to all demonstratives", "Zulu": "Third person pronouns and demonstratives are related by gender markers" }
44A
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns
Nominal Categories
How are gender distinctions expressed in personal pronouns in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Gender distinctions in 3rd person plus 1st and/or 2nd person; Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular; Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only; Gender distinctions in 1st or 2nd person but not 3rd; Gender distinctions in 3rd person non-singular only; No gender distinctions
{ "Abipón": "No gender distinctions", "Abkhaz": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person plus 1st and/or 2nd person", "Arabana": "No gender distinctions", "Abun": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Acehnese": "No gender distinctions", "Achumawi": "No gender distinctions", "Adzera": "No gender distinctions", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person plus 1st and/or 2nd person", "Ainu": "No gender distinctions", "Alamblak": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Albanian": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Amele": "No gender distinctions", "Amharic": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person plus 1st and/or 2nd person", "Amuesha": "No gender distinctions", "Araona": "No gender distinctions", "Anêm": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "//Ani": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person plus 1st and/or 2nd person", "Anejom": "No gender distinctions", "Apurinã": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Lokono": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Armenian (Eastern)": "No gender distinctions", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Asmat": "No gender distinctions", "Atayal": "No gender distinctions", "Atakapa": "No gender distinctions", "Au": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Awa Pit": "No gender distinctions", "Awtuw": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Aymara (Central)": "No gender distinctions", "Barai": "No gender distinctions", "Babungo": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Bagirmi": "No gender distinctions", "Bambara": "No gender distinctions", "Bari": "No gender distinctions", "Bawm": "No gender distinctions", "Beja": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person plus 1st and/or 2nd person", "Berta": "No gender distinctions", "Batak (Karo)": "No gender distinctions", "Bilin": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person plus 1st and/or 2nd person", "Bandjalang": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Brahui": "No gender distinctions", "Bribri": "No gender distinctions", "Burmese": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Burunge": "Gender distinctions in 1st or 2nd person but not 3rd", "Broken": "No gender distinctions", "Bororo": "No gender distinctions", "Barasano": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Basque": "No gender distinctions", "Burushaski": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Byansi": "No gender distinctions", "Cahuilla": "No gender distinctions", "Candoshi": "No gender distinctions", "Capanahua": "No gender distinctions", "Carib": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Cavineña": "No gender distinctions", "Campa (Axininca)": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Chumash (Barbareño)": "No gender distinctions", "Chácobo": "No gender distinctions", "Chamorro": "No gender distinctions", "Chukchi": "No gender distinctions", "Chrau": "No gender distinctions", "Chinook (Lower)": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "No gender distinctions", "Comanche": "No gender distinctions", "Comox": "No gender distinctions", "Canela": "No gender distinctions", "Coos (Hanis)": "No gender distinctions", "Coptic": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person plus 1st and/or 2nd person", "Cora": "No gender distinctions", "Chepang": "No gender distinctions", "Cree (Plains)": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Crimean Tatar": "No gender distinctions", "Cubeo": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Cayuvava": "No gender distinctions", "Daga": "No gender distinctions", "Dagaare": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person non-singular only", "Dagur": "No gender distinctions", "Diola-Fogny": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Dizi": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "No gender distinctions", "Dong (Southern)": "No gender distinctions", "Doyayo": "No gender distinctions", "Drehu": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Dumo": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person plus 1st and/or 2nd person", "Dutch": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Ekari": "No gender distinctions", "English": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Epena Pedee": "No gender distinctions", "Erromangan": "No gender distinctions", "Evenki": "No gender distinctions", "Ewe": "No gender distinctions", "Fijian": "No gender distinctions", "Finnish": "No gender distinctions", "French": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Fulfulde (Adamawa)": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Fur": "No gender distinctions", "Garo": "No gender distinctions", "Georgian": "No gender distinctions", "German": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Gumawana": "No gender distinctions", "Godoberi": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Gooniyandi": "No gender distinctions", "Grebo": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Greek (Modern)": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Greenlandic (West)": "No gender distinctions", "Guaraní": "No gender distinctions", "Gude": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Guugu Yimidhirr": "No gender distinctions", "Haida": "No gender distinctions", "Hamtai": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Hatam": "No gender distinctions", "Hausa": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person plus 1st and/or 2nd person", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person plus 1st and/or 2nd person", "Hindi": "No gender distinctions", "Hixkaryana": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Halkomelem (Upriver)": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Hmong Njua": "No gender distinctions", "Hamer": "No gender distinctions", "Huitoto (Muinane)": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Hua": "No gender distinctions", "Hungarian": "No gender distinctions", "Hunzib": "No gender distinctions", "Igbo": "No gender distinctions", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Ika": "No gender distinctions", "Imonda": "No gender distinctions", "Indonesian": "No gender distinctions", "Ingush": "No gender distinctions", "Iquito": "No gender distinctions", "Irish": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Iraqw": "Gender distinctions in 1st or 2nd person but not 3rd", "Italian": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Jakaltek": "No gender distinctions", "Jaqaru": "No gender distinctions", "Japanese": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Ju|'hoan": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Kashmiri": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Kayardild": "No gender distinctions", "Koyra Chiini": "No gender distinctions", "Kera": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person plus 1st and/or 2nd person", "Ket": "No gender distinctions", "Kewa": "No gender distinctions", "Koromfe": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Kalkatungu": "No gender distinctions", "Khalkha": "No gender distinctions", "Khmer": "No gender distinctions", "Nama": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person plus 1st and/or 2nd person", "Khasi": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Kiowa": "No gender distinctions", "Kisi": "No gender distinctions", "Konjo": "No gender distinctions", "Lusi": "No gender distinctions", "Koh": "No gender distinctions", "Kilivila": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Khmu'": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person plus 1st and/or 2nd person", "Karitiâna": "No gender distinctions", "Kannada": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Kunama": "No gender distinctions", "Kanuri": "No gender distinctions", "Koasati": "No gender distinctions", "Kobon": "No gender distinctions", "Komo": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Kongo": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Korean": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Kosraean": "No gender distinctions", "Kapampangan": "No gender distinctions", "Kiribati": "No gender distinctions", "Kurdish (Central)": "No gender distinctions", "Karok": "No gender distinctions", "Krongo": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Koyraboro Senni": "No gender distinctions", "Katla": "No gender distinctions", "Kukú": "No gender distinctions", "Kutenai": "No gender distinctions", "Kawaiisu": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Kwaza": "No gender distinctions", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "No gender distinctions", "Ladakhi": "No gender distinctions", "Lahu": "No gender distinctions", "Lak": "No gender distinctions", "Lango": "No gender distinctions", "Latvian": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Lavukaleve": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Lele": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person plus 1st and/or 2nd person", "Lepcha": "No gender distinctions", "Lezgian": "No gender distinctions", "Limbu": "No gender distinctions", "Lakhota": "No gender distinctions", "Larike": "No gender distinctions", "Luvale": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Maba": "No gender distinctions", "Macushi": "No gender distinctions", "Makah": "No gender distinctions", "Malagasy": "No gender distinctions", "Maori": "No gender distinctions", "Mapudungun": "No gender distinctions", "Maricopa": "No gender distinctions", "Maung": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Maybrat": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Mauritian Creole": "No gender distinctions", "Mende": "No gender distinctions", "Meithei": "No gender distinctions", "Miskito": "No gender distinctions", "Mizo": "No gender distinctions", "Maranungku": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Maale": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Malakmalak": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Mlabri (Minor)": "No gender distinctions", "Muna": "No gender distinctions", "Mandarin": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Maidu (Northeast)": "No gender distinctions", "Mono-Alu": "No gender distinctions", "Mohawk": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Marind": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Murle": "No gender distinctions", "Martuthunira": "No gender distinctions", "Masalit": "No gender distinctions", "Maisin": "No gender distinctions", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "No gender distinctions", "Mumuye": "No gender distinctions", "Mundari": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Mupun": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person plus 1st and/or 2nd person", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "No gender distinctions", "Mangarrayi": "No gender distinctions", "Nadëb": "No gender distinctions", "Nanai": "No gender distinctions", "Nakanai": "No gender distinctions", "Nandi": "No gender distinctions", "Nasioi": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Navajo": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "No gender distinctions", "Ngäbere": "No gender distinctions", "Ndonga": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Ndyuka": "No gender distinctions", "Nez Perce": "No gender distinctions", "Ngiyambaa": "No gender distinctions", "Ngankikurungkurr": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Ngalakan": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "No gender distinctions", "Nivkh": "No gender distinctions", "Nkore-Kiga": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Noon": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Ngiti": "No gender distinctions", "Nenets": "No gender distinctions", "Nunggubuyu": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person plus 1st and/or 2nd person", "Nupe": "No gender distinctions", "Nuuchahnulth": "No gender distinctions", "Nyulnyul": "No gender distinctions", "Oneida": "No gender distinctions", "Oromo (Harar)": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Ossetic": "No gender distinctions", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "No gender distinctions", "Paiwan": "No gender distinctions", "Palauan": "No gender distinctions", "Päri": "No gender distinctions", "Paumarí": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Pech": "No gender distinctions", "Pipil": "No gender distinctions", "Pitjantjatjara": "No gender distinctions", "Palikur": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Paamese": "No gender distinctions", "Panyjima": "No gender distinctions", "Polish": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Pirahã": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Persian": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Popoloca (San Juan Atzingo)": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Purépecha": "No gender distinctions", "Qawasqar": "No gender distinctions", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "No gender distinctions", "Quileute": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Rama": "No gender distinctions", "Rapanui": "No gender distinctions", "Remo": "No gender distinctions", "Retuarã": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Russian": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Sahu": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Salinan": "No gender distinctions", "Samoan": "No gender distinctions", "Sango": "No gender distinctions", "Sawu": "No gender distinctions", "Selknam": "No gender distinctions", "Sema": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Shipibo-Konibo": "No gender distinctions", "Siuslaw": "No gender distinctions", "Slave": "No gender distinctions", "Selepet": "No gender distinctions", "Semelai": "No gender distinctions", "Sanuma": "No gender distinctions", "Sentani": "No gender distinctions", "So": "No gender distinctions", "Spanish": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person plus 1st and/or 2nd person", "Squamish": "No gender distinctions", "Saramaccan": "No gender distinctions", "Suena": "No gender distinctions", "Sundanese": "No gender distinctions", "Supyire": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Swahili": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Salt-Yui": "No gender distinctions", "Taba": "No gender distinctions", "Tagalog": "No gender distinctions", "Taiap": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Tauya": "No gender distinctions", "Tawala": "No gender distinctions", "Tigak": "No gender distinctions", "Thai": "No gender distinctions", "Tidore": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Tinrin": "No gender distinctions", "Tiriyo": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Tiwi": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Tiipay (Jamul)": "No gender distinctions", "Takelma": "No gender distinctions", "Tolai": "No gender distinctions", "Tlingit": "No gender distinctions", "Temiar": "No gender distinctions", "Tommo So": "No gender distinctions", "Turkana": "No gender distinctions", "Tol": "No gender distinctions", "Tonkawa": "No gender distinctions", "Totonac (Misantla)": "No gender distinctions", "Tepehuan (Northern)": "No gender distinctions", "Teribe": "No gender distinctions", "Trique (Copala)": "No gender distinctions", "Trumai": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "No gender distinctions", "Tsou": "No gender distinctions", "Tukang Besi": "No gender distinctions", "Tunica": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person plus 1st and/or 2nd person", "Turkish": "No gender distinctions", "Tzutujil": "No gender distinctions", "Udihe": "No gender distinctions", "Uradhi": "No gender distinctions", "Uma": "No gender distinctions", "Una": "No gender distinctions", "Ungarinjin": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Ura": "No gender distinctions", "Urubú-Kaapor": "No gender distinctions", "Usan": "No gender distinctions", "Vietnamese": "No gender distinctions", "Wambaya": "No gender distinctions", "Waorani": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Wappo": "No gender distinctions", "Wari'": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Washo": "No gender distinctions", "Wambon": "No gender distinctions", "Wichí": "No gender distinctions", "Welsh": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Wichita": "No gender distinctions", "Wikchamni": "No gender distinctions", "Wintu": "No gender distinctions", "West Makian": "No gender distinctions", "Warao": "No gender distinctions", "Wardaman": "No gender distinctions", "Warekena": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Waskia": "No gender distinctions", "Xokleng": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Yagua": "No gender distinctions", "Yapese": "No gender distinctions", "Yaqui": "No gender distinctions", "Yawa": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Yelî Dnye": "No gender distinctions", "Yessan-Mayo": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Yidiny": "No gender distinctions", "Yimas": "No gender distinctions", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "No gender distinctions", "Yoruba": "No gender distinctions", "Yup'ik (Central)": "No gender distinctions", "Yuchi": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Yukulta": "No gender distinctions", "Yurok": "No gender distinctions", "Zande": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person singular only", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "No gender distinctions", "Zapotec (San Lucas Quiaviní)": "No gender distinctions", "Zulu": "Gender distinctions in 3rd person only, but in both singular and non-singular", "Zuni": "No gender distinctions" }
45A
Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns
Nominal Categories
How are politeness distinctions encoded in pronouns in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction; Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction; Second person pronouns encode multiple politeness distinctions; Second person pronouns are dominantly avoided for politeness reasons
{ "Abun": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Acoma": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Angolar": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Ainu": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Alamblak": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Albanian": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Amele": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Apurinã": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Asmat": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Awa Pit": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Aymara (Central)": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Babungo": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Bagirmi": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Bambara": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Baoulé": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Breton": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Brahui": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Bribri": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Burmese": "Second person pronouns are dominantly avoided for politeness reasons", "Barasano": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Basque": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Batak (Toba)": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Burushaski": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Chamorro": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Chukchi": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Comanche": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Canela": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Coptic": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Cree (Plains)": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Cornish": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Cayuvava": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Daga": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Dumi": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Danish": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Dutch": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Dyirbal": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "English": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Evenki": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Ewe": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Fijian": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Finnish": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "French": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Fur": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Gaelic (Scots)": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Garo": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Georgian": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "German": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Gooniyandi": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Grebo": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Greek (Modern)": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Greenlandic (West)": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Guaraní": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Hatam": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Hausa": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Hawaiian": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Hindi": "Second person pronouns encode multiple politeness distinctions", "Hixkaryana": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Hmong Njua": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Hungarian": "Second person pronouns encode multiple politeness distinctions", "Igbo": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Imonda": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Indonesian": "Second person pronouns are dominantly avoided for politeness reasons", "Irish": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Iraqw": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Italian": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Jakaltek": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Jaqaru": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Japanese": "Second person pronouns are dominantly avoided for politeness reasons", "Ju|'hoan": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Kambera": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Kashmiri": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Kayardild": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Kera": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Kewa": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Koromfe": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Khalkha": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Khmer": "Second person pronouns are dominantly avoided for politeness reasons", "Nama": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Khasi": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Kiowa": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Kisi": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Kurmanji": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Kilivila": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Kombai": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Khmu'": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Kannada": "Second person pronouns encode multiple politeness distinctions", "Kunama": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Kanuri": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Koasati": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Kobon": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Kongo": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Korean": "Second person pronouns are dominantly avoided for politeness reasons", "Kosraean": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Karok": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Krongo": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Koyraboro Senni": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Kutenai": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Lango": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Latvian": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Lavukaleve": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Lezgian": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Limbu": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Lithuanian": "Second person pronouns encode multiple politeness distinctions", "Lakhota": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Luvale": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Makah": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Malagasy": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Maori": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Mapudungun": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Maricopa": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Maung": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Maybrat": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Meithei": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Marathi": "Second person pronouns encode multiple politeness distinctions", "Mangap-Mbula": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Mandarin": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Manx": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Murle": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Martuthunira": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Masalit": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Mangarrayi": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Malayalam": "Second person pronouns encode multiple politeness distinctions", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Nepali": "Second person pronouns encode multiple politeness distinctions", "Nez Perce": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Ngiyambaa": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Nahuatl (Huasteca)": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Nahuatl (North Puebla)": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Second person pronouns encode multiple politeness distinctions", "Noon": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Norwegian": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Ngiti": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Nunggubuyu": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Oneida": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Oromo (Harar)": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Ossetic": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Paiwan": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Panjabi": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Pero": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Pipil": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Pitjantjatjara": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Pohnpeian": "Second person pronouns encode multiple politeness distinctions", "Polish": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Portuguese": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Pirahã": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Persian": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Pashto": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Rama": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Rapanui": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Romanian": "Second person pronouns encode multiple politeness distinctions", "Russian": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Sango": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Savi": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Slave": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Sinaugoro": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Sinhala": "Second person pronouns encode multiple politeness distinctions", "Sanuma": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Sentani": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Somali": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Spanish": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Suena": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Supyire": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Swahili": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Swedish": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Taba": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Tagalog": "Second person pronouns encode multiple politeness distinctions", "Tawala": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Tayo": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Thai": "Second person pronouns are dominantly avoided for politeness reasons", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Tiwi": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Tlingit": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Tamil": "Second person pronouns encode multiple politeness distinctions", "Tetun": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Tukang Besi": "Second person pronouns encode multiple politeness distinctions", "Turkish": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Ura": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Urdu": "Second person pronouns encode multiple politeness distinctions", "Vietnamese": "Second person pronouns are dominantly avoided for politeness reasons", "Wambaya": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Wari'": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Wichí": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Welsh": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Wichita": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Warao": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Yagua": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Yaqui": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Yucatec": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Yimas": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Yindjibarndi": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Yoruba": "Second person pronouns encode a binary politeness distinction", "Yurok": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction", "Zulu": "Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction" }
46A
Indefinite Pronouns
Nominal Categories
How are indefinite pronouns formed in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Interrogative-based indefinites; Generic-noun-based indefinites; Special indefinites; Mixed indefinites; Existential construction
{ "Abkhaz": "Special indefinites", "Alabama": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Abun": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Acehnese": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Acoma": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Anguthimri": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Ainu": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Alyawarra": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Amele": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Ambae (Lolovoli Northeast)": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Amuesha": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Araona": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Anong": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Altai (Southern)": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Assamese": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Atchin": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Awa Pit": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Azerbaijani": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Babungo": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Bagirmi": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Baka (in Cameroon)": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Bambara": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Bao'an": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Bawm": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Bininj Gun-Wok": "Mixed indefinites", "Badimaya": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Belorussian": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Bozo (Tigemaxo)": "Mixed indefinites", "Brahui": "Special indefinites", "Bashkir": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Basque": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Buduma": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Bugis": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Bulgarian": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Burushaski": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Buriat": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Cahuilla": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Chocho": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Chukchi": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Chantyal": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Chuvash": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Chichewa": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Comanche": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Canela": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Cantonese": "Special indefinites", "Coos (Hanis)": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Crimean Tatar": "Mixed indefinites", "Creek": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Chitimacha": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Dagbani": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Diyari": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Djabugay": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Djingili": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Djapu": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Djaru": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Doyayo": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Dutch": "Special indefinites", "Dyirbal": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Enets": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "English": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Erromangan": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Estonian": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Evenki": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Even": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Ewe": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Finnish": "Special indefinites", "Fongbe": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "French": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Futuna (East)": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Fulniô": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Gaagudju": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Gagauz": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Gamo": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Garo": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Georgian": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "German": "Mixed indefinites", "Goajiro": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Gola": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Gooniyandi": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Gurr-goni": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Greek (Modern)": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Greenlandic (West)": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Guaraní": "Mixed indefinites", "Gumbaynggir": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Guugu Yimidhirr": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Hausa": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Hayu": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Hindi": "Special indefinites", "Hmong Njua": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Huastec": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Hungarian": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Hupa": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Hunzib": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Ibibio": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Icelandic": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Ilocano": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Indonesian": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Irish": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Iraqw": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Italian": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Itzaj": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Jakaltek": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Jaminjung": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Jaqaru": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Japanese": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Kana": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Kashmiri": "Special indefinites", "Kâte": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Kayardild": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Kazakh": "Mixed indefinites", "Ket": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Koromfe": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Kalkatungu": "Special indefinites", "Kirghiz": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Khakas": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Khmer": "Mixed indefinites", "Khasi": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Kiowa": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Kurmanji": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Karakalpak": "Special indefinites", "Korku": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Kalam": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Kilivila": "Mixed indefinites", "Kamaiurá": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Kham": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Khmu'": "Special indefinites", "Kugu Nganhcara": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Kannada": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Kaingang": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Koasati": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Kobon": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Kodava": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Komi-Permyak": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Korean": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Karachay-Balkar": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Karok": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Karelian": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Karaim": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Kerek": "Special indefinites", "Koryak": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Koyraboro Senni": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Ksingmul": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Khanty": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Kutenai": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Kwamera": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Kuku-Yalanji": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Kyaka": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Komi-Zyrian": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Lak": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Lango": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Latvian": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Lavukaleve": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Lele": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Lezgian": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Longgu": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Lillooet": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Lithuanian": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Lakhota": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Limilngan": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Lugbara": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Macushi": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Mari (Hill)": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Maithili": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Makah": "Special indefinites", "Malagasy": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Maori": "Mixed indefinites", "Maricopa": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Maybrat": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Mbili": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Mbay": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Mocoví": "Existential construction", "Mende": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Meithei": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Musgu": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Marathi": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Micmac": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Miskito": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Maale": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Malgwa": "Mixed indefinites", "Malakmalak": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Maltese": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Mari (Meadow)": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Mordvin (Moksha)": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Mandarin": "Mixed indefinites", "Mansi": "Special indefinites", "Mordvin (Erzya)": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Mosetén": "Mixed indefinites", "Mara": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Margi": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Marrithiyel": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Martuthunira": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Muruwari": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Marshallese": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Mundari": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Mangarrayi": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Malayalam": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Nanai": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Navajo": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Ndebele": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Ndjébbana": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Negidal": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Nelemwa": "Special indefinites", "Nez Perce": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Nganasan": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Ngiyambaa": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Ngankikurungkurr": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Ngandi": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Nhanda": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Nias": "Mixed indefinites", "Niuean": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Nivkh": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Nkore-Kiga": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Noghay": "Mixed indefinites", "Nharo": "Mixed indefinites", "Nisgha": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Ngiti": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Ntomba": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Nenets": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Nunggubuyu": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Newar (Dolakha)": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "Special indefinites", "O'odham": "Special indefinites", "Oromo (Harar)": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Orokolo": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Ossetic": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Páez": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Palauan": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Panjabi": "Special indefinites", "Paakantyi": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Paamese": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Paiute (Northern)": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Panyjima": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Polish": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Portuguese": "Mixed indefinites", "Pitta Pitta": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Pirahã": "Mixed indefinites", "Persian": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Pashto": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Purépecha": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Quechua (Huallaga)": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Qiang": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Romanian": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Russian": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Samoan": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Sango": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Serbian-Croatian": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Seediq": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Shoshone": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Shor": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Siuslaw": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Saami (Kildin)": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Selkup": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Slave": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Semelai": "Mixed indefinites", "Saami (Northern)": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Somali": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Spanish": "Special indefinites", "Squamish": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Santali": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Mayangna": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Swahili": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Swedish": "Special indefinites", "Taba": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Tagalog": "Existential construction", "Tajik": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Thai": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Tidore": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Tibetan (Shigatse)": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Tiwi": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Tiipay (Jamul)": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Takelma": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Turkmen": "Mixed indefinites", "Tamil": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Tommo So": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Tat (Muslim)": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Tonkawa": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Tepehuan (Northern)": "Mixed indefinites", "Tepehuan (Southeastern)": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Trumai": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Tsat": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Tunica": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Turkish": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Tuvan": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Tuvaluan": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Tatar": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Totonac (Xicotepec de Juárez)": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Udihe": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Udmurt": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Ukrainian": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Upper Kuskokwim": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Mixed indefinites", "Usan": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Uzbek": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Vietnamese": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Wambaya": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Wichita": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Wik Munkan": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Warao": "Mixed indefinites", "Wardaman": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Warndarang": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Waray (in Australia)": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Yagua": "Special indefinites", "Yapese": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Yaqui": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Yidiny": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Yindjibarndi": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Yakut": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Yingkarta": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Yankuntjatjara": "Mixed indefinites", "Yoruba": "Generic-noun-based indefinites", "Yup'ik (Central)": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Yuwaalaraay": "Interrogative-based indefinites", "Yawuru": "Special indefinites", "Zazaki": "Special indefinites", "Zuni": "Interrogative-based indefinites" }
47A
Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns
Nominal Categories
What is the formal relationship between intensifiers and reflexive pronouns in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical; Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated
{ "Abkhaz": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Afrikaans": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Alamblak": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Amele": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Amharic": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Apurinã": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Arabic (Gulf)": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Asmat": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Awa Pit": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Bagirmi": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Bengali": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Bagvalal": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Batak (Karo)": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Brahui": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Burmese": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Basque": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Bulgarian": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Burushaski": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Chamorro": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Comanche": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Canela": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Cantonese": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Coos (Hanis)": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Catalan": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Cubeo": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Drehu": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Danish": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Dutch": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "English": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Evenki": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Ewe": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Fijian": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Finnish": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "French": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Fur": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Garo": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Georgian": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "German": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Godoberi": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Gooniyandi": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Greek (Modern)": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Greenlandic (West)": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Gujarati": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Hindi": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Hixkaryana": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Hmong Njua": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Hungarian": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Icelandic": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Imonda": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Indonesian": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Ingush": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Irish": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Italian": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Japanese": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Ju|'hoan": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Juang": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Kashmiri": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Kayardild": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Koyra Chiini": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Ket": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Koromfe": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Khalkha": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Khmer": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Khasi": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Kinyarwanda": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Kiowa": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Khmu'": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Kannada": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Kunama": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Koasati": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Kobon": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Korean": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Karok": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Koyraboro Senni": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Kott": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Kutenai": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Lango": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Latvian": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Lavukaleve": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Lezgian": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Lithuanian": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Lakhota": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Luvale": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Malagasy": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Maori": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Mapudungun": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Maricopa": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Maung": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Meithei": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Marathi": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Miya": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Mizo": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Maltese": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Mandarin": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Mansi": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Mupun": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Malayalam": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Navajo": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Ndyuka": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Nez Perce": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Ngiyambaa": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Nkore-Kiga": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Norwegian": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Ngiti": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Nunggubuyu": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Oneida": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Oromo (Harar)": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Oriya": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Panjabi": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Paumarí": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Pitjantjatjara": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Podoko": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Polish": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Portuguese": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Pirahã": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Persian": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Quechua (Huallaga)": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Rama": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Rapanui": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Romanian": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Russian": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Shona": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Sinhala": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Soninke": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Somali": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Spanish": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Suena": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Supyire": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Slovak": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Swahili": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Swedish": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Tagalog": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Tashlhiyt": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Telugu": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Thai": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Tiwi": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Tamil": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Turkana": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Trumai": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Tsakhur": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Tukang Besi": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Turkish": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Ungarinjin": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Urhobo": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Usan": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Venda": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Vietnamese": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Wambaya": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Wari'": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Welsh": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Wichita": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Wolof": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Warao": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Yaqui": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Yiddish": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Yimas": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally identical", "Yoruba": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated", "Zulu": "Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated" }
48A
Person Marking on Adpositions
Nominal Categories
How is person marking expressed in relation to adpositions in the <LANGUAGE> language?
No adpositions; Adpositions without person marking; Person marking for pronouns only; Person marking for pronouns and nouns
{ "Abipón": "Adpositions without person marking", "Abkhaz": "Person marking for pronouns and nouns", "Arabana": "No adpositions", "Abun": "Adpositions without person marking", "Acehnese": "Adpositions without person marking", "Achumawi": "No adpositions", "Acoma": "Adpositions without person marking", "Adzera": "Adpositions without person marking", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Ainu": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Alamblak": "Adpositions without person marking", "Albanian": "Adpositions without person marking", "Amele": "Adpositions without person marking", "Amharic": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Amuesha": "Adpositions without person marking", "Araona": "Adpositions without person marking", "Anêm": "Person marking for pronouns only", "//Ani": "Adpositions without person marking", "Anejom": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Apurinã": "No adpositions", "Lokono": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Adpositions without person marking", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "No adpositions", "Asmat": "Adpositions without person marking", "Atayal": "Adpositions without person marking", "Atakapa": "Adpositions without person marking", "Au": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Awa Pit": "Adpositions without person marking", "Awtuw": "No adpositions", "Aymara (Central)": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Barai": "Adpositions without person marking", "Babungo": "Adpositions without person marking", "Bagirmi": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Bambara": "Adpositions without person marking", "Bari": "Adpositions without person marking", "Bawm": "Adpositions without person marking", "Beja": "Adpositions without person marking", "Berta": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Batak (Karo)": "Adpositions without person marking", "Bilin": "Adpositions without person marking", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Bandjalang": "No adpositions", "Brahui": "Adpositions without person marking", "Bribri": "Adpositions without person marking", "Burmese": "Adpositions without person marking", "Burunge": "Adpositions without person marking", "Broken": "Adpositions without person marking", "Bororo": "Person marking for pronouns and nouns", "Barasano": "Adpositions without person marking", "Basque": "Adpositions without person marking", "Burushaski": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Byansi": "Adpositions without person marking", "Cahuilla": "Adpositions without person marking", "Candoshi": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Capanahua": "Adpositions without person marking", "Carib": "Person marking for pronouns and nouns", "Cavineña": "Adpositions without person marking", "Campa (Axininca)": "Adpositions without person marking", "Chumash (Barbareño)": "No adpositions", "Chácobo": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Chamorro": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Chukchi": "Adpositions without person marking", "Chrau": "Adpositions without person marking", "Chinook (Lower)": "Adpositions without person marking", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Comanche": "Adpositions without person marking", "Comox": "Adpositions without person marking", "Canela": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Coos (Hanis)": "No adpositions", "Coptic": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Cora": "Person marking for pronouns and nouns", "Chepang": "Adpositions without person marking", "Cree (Plains)": "No adpositions", "Crimean Tatar": "Adpositions without person marking", "Cubeo": "Adpositions without person marking", "Cayuvava": "No adpositions", "Daga": "Adpositions without person marking", "Dagaare": "Adpositions without person marking", "Dagur": "Adpositions without person marking", "Diola-Fogny": "Adpositions without person marking", "Dizi": "Adpositions without person marking", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Dong (Southern)": "Adpositions without person marking", "Doyayo": "Adpositions without person marking", "Drehu": "Adpositions without person marking", "Dumo": "Adpositions without person marking", "Dutch": "Adpositions without person marking", "Ekari": "Adpositions without person marking", "English": "Adpositions without person marking", "Epena Pedee": "Adpositions without person marking", "Erromangan": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Evenki": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Ewe": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Fijian": "Person marking for pronouns and nouns", "Finnish": "Person marking for pronouns only", "French": "Adpositions without person marking", "Fulfulde (Adamawa)": "Adpositions without person marking", "Fur": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Garo": "No adpositions", "Georgian": "Adpositions without person marking", "German": "Adpositions without person marking", "Gumawana": "Adpositions without person marking", "Godoberi": "Adpositions without person marking", "Gooniyandi": "Adpositions without person marking", "Grebo": "Adpositions without person marking", "Greek (Modern)": "Adpositions without person marking", "Greenlandic (West)": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Guaraní": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Gude": "Adpositions without person marking", "Guugu Yimidhirr": "No adpositions", "Haida": "Adpositions without person marking", "Hamtai": "No adpositions", "Hatam": "Adpositions without person marking", "Hausa": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Hindi": "Adpositions without person marking", "Hixkaryana": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Halkomelem (Upriver)": "No adpositions", "Huitoto (Minica)": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Hmong Njua": "Adpositions without person marking", "Hamer": "No adpositions", "Hua": "Adpositions without person marking", "Hungarian": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Hunzib": "Adpositions without person marking", "Igbo": "Adpositions without person marking", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Ika": "Adpositions without person marking", "Imonda": "Adpositions without person marking", "Indonesian": "Adpositions without person marking", "Ingush": "Adpositions without person marking", "Iquito": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Irish": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Iraqw": "Adpositions without person marking", "Italian": "Adpositions without person marking", "Jakaltek": "Person marking for pronouns and nouns", "Jaqaru": "No adpositions", "Japanese": "Adpositions without person marking", "Ju|'hoan": "Adpositions without person marking", "Kashmiri": "Adpositions without person marking", "Kayardild": "No adpositions", "Koyra Chiini": "Adpositions without person marking", "Kera": "Adpositions without person marking", "Ket": "Person marking for pronouns and nouns", "Kewa": "Adpositions without person marking", "Koromfe": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Kalkatungu": "No adpositions", "Khalkha": "Adpositions without person marking", "Khmer": "Adpositions without person marking", "Nama": "Adpositions without person marking", "Khasi": "Adpositions without person marking", "Kiowa": "No adpositions", "Kisi": "Adpositions without person marking", "Konjo": "Adpositions without person marking", "Koh": "Adpositions without person marking", "Kilivila": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Khmu'": "Adpositions without person marking", "Karitiâna": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Kannada": "Adpositions without person marking", "Kunama": "Adpositions without person marking", "Kanuri": "Adpositions without person marking", "Koasati": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Kobon": "Adpositions without person marking", "Komo": "Adpositions without person marking", "Kongo": "Adpositions without person marking", "Korean": "Adpositions without person marking", "Kosraean": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Kapampangan": "Adpositions without person marking", "Kiribati": "Person marking for pronouns and nouns", "Kurdish (Central)": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Karok": "Adpositions without person marking", "Krongo": "Adpositions without person marking", "Koyraboro Senni": "Adpositions without person marking", "Kukú": "Adpositions without person marking", "Kutenai": "No adpositions", "Kawaiisu": "Person marking for pronouns and nouns", "Kwaza": "No adpositions", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "Adpositions without person marking", "Ladakhi": "Adpositions without person marking", "Lahu": "Adpositions without person marking", "Lak": "Adpositions without person marking", "Lango": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Latvian": "Adpositions without person marking", "Lavukaleve": "Person marking for pronouns and nouns", "Lele": "Adpositions without person marking", "Lepcha": "Adpositions without person marking", "Lezgian": "Adpositions without person marking", "Limbu": "Adpositions without person marking", "Lakhota": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Larike": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Luvale": "Adpositions without person marking", "Maba": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Macushi": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Makah": "No adpositions", "Malagasy": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Maori": "Adpositions without person marking", "Mapudungun": "Adpositions without person marking", "Maricopa": "No adpositions", "Maung": "Adpositions without person marking", "Maybrat": "Person marking for pronouns and nouns", "Mbay": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Mauritian Creole": "Adpositions without person marking", "Mende": "Adpositions without person marking", "Meithei": "Adpositions without person marking", "Miskito": "Adpositions without person marking", "Mizo": "Adpositions without person marking", "Maranungku": "Adpositions without person marking", "Maale": "No adpositions", "Malakmalak": "No adpositions", "Mlabri (Minor)": "Adpositions without person marking", "Muna": "Adpositions without person marking", "Mandarin": "Adpositions without person marking", "Maidu (Northeast)": "No adpositions", "Mono-Alu": "Adpositions without person marking", "Mohawk": "No adpositions", "Marind": "Adpositions without person marking", "Murle": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Martuthunira": "No adpositions", "Masalit": "No adpositions", "Maisin": "Adpositions without person marking", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "No adpositions", "Mumuye": "Adpositions without person marking", "Mundari": "Adpositions without person marking", "Mupun": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Mangarrayi": "No adpositions", "Nadëb": "Adpositions without person marking", "Nanai": "No adpositions", "Nakanai": "Adpositions without person marking", "Nandi": "Adpositions without person marking", "Nasioi": "Adpositions without person marking", "Navajo": "Person marking for pronouns and nouns", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Ngäbere": "Adpositions without person marking", "Ndonga": "Adpositions without person marking", "Ndyuka": "Adpositions without person marking", "Nez Perce": "No adpositions", "Ngiyambaa": "No adpositions", "Ngankikurungkurr": "No adpositions", "Ngalakan": "No adpositions", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Person marking for pronouns and nouns", "Nivkh": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Nkore-Kiga": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "No adpositions", "Noon": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Ngiti": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Nenets": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Nunggubuyu": "No adpositions", "Nupe": "Adpositions without person marking", "Nuuchahnulth": "No adpositions", "Nyulnyul": "Adpositions without person marking", "Oneida": "No adpositions", "Oromo (Harar)": "Adpositions without person marking", "Ossetic": "Adpositions without person marking", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Adpositions without person marking", "Paiwan": "Adpositions without person marking", "Palauan": "Adpositions without person marking", "Päri": "Adpositions without person marking", "Paumarí": "Adpositions without person marking", "Pech": "No adpositions", "Pipil": "Person marking for pronouns and nouns", "Pitjantjatjara": "Adpositions without person marking", "Palikur": "Person marking for pronouns and nouns", "Paamese": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Panyjima": "No adpositions", "Polish": "Adpositions without person marking", "Pirahã": "Adpositions without person marking", "Persian": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Popoloca (San Juan Atzingo)": "Adpositions without person marking", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "No adpositions", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Adpositions without person marking", "Purépecha": "Adpositions without person marking", "Qawasqar": "Adpositions without person marking", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Adpositions without person marking", "Quileute": "No adpositions", "Rama": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Rapanui": "Adpositions without person marking", "Remo": "Adpositions without person marking", "Retuarã": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Russian": "Adpositions without person marking", "Sahu": "Adpositions without person marking", "Salinan": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Samoan": "Adpositions without person marking", "Sango": "Adpositions without person marking", "Sawu": "Adpositions without person marking", "Selknam": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Sema": "Adpositions without person marking", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Adpositions without person marking", "Siuslaw": "No adpositions", "Slave": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Selepet": "Adpositions without person marking", "Semelai": "Adpositions without person marking", "Sanuma": "Adpositions without person marking", "Sentani": "Adpositions without person marking", "So": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Spanish": "Adpositions without person marking", "Squamish": "No adpositions", "Saramaccan": "Adpositions without person marking", "Suena": "Adpositions without person marking", "Sundanese": "Adpositions without person marking", "Supyire": "Adpositions without person marking", "Swahili": "Adpositions without person marking", "Salt-Yui": "Adpositions without person marking", "Taba": "Adpositions without person marking", "Tagalog": "No adpositions", "Taiap": "No adpositions", "Tauya": "No adpositions", "Tawala": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Tigak": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Thai": "Adpositions without person marking", "Tidore": "Adpositions without person marking", "Tinrin": "Adpositions without person marking", "Tiriyo": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Tiwi": "Adpositions without person marking", "Tiipay (Jamul)": "No adpositions", "Takelma": "Person marking for pronouns and nouns", "Tolai": "Adpositions without person marking", "Tlingit": "Person marking for pronouns and nouns", "Temiar": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Tommo So": "Adpositions without person marking", "Turkana": "Adpositions without person marking", "Tol": "Adpositions without person marking", "Tonkawa": "Adpositions without person marking", "Totonac (Misantla)": "Adpositions without person marking", "Tepehuan (Northern)": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Teribe": "Adpositions without person marking", "Trique (Copala)": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Trumai": "Adpositions without person marking", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Adpositions without person marking", "Tsou": "Adpositions without person marking", "Tukang Besi": "Adpositions without person marking", "Tunica": "Adpositions without person marking", "Turkish": "Adpositions without person marking", "Tzutujil": "Person marking for pronouns and nouns", "Udihe": "Person marking for pronouns and nouns", "Uradhi": "No adpositions", "Uma": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Una": "Adpositions without person marking", "Ungarinjin": "No adpositions", "Ura": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Usan": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Vietnamese": "Adpositions without person marking", "Wambaya": "No adpositions", "Waorani": "Adpositions without person marking", "Wappo": "Adpositions without person marking", "Wari'": "Person marking for pronouns and nouns", "Washo": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Wambon": "Adpositions without person marking", "Wichí": "No adpositions", "Welsh": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Wichita": "No adpositions", "Wikchamni": "No adpositions", "Wintu": "No adpositions", "West Makian": "Adpositions without person marking", "Warao": "Adpositions without person marking", "Wardaman": "No adpositions", "Warekena": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Waskia": "Person marking for pronouns and nouns", "Xokleng": "Adpositions without person marking", "Yagua": "Person marking for pronouns and nouns", "Yapese": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Yaqui": "Adpositions without person marking", "Yawa": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Yelî Dnye": "Person marking for pronouns and nouns", "Yessan-Mayo": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Yidiny": "No adpositions", "Yimas": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Adpositions without person marking", "Yoruba": "Adpositions without person marking", "Yup'ik (Central)": "No adpositions", "Yuchi": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Yukulta": "No adpositions", "Yurok": "Adpositions without person marking", "Zande": "Adpositions without person marking", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "No adpositions", "Zapotec (San Lucas Quiaviní)": "Person marking for pronouns only", "Zulu": "Adpositions without person marking", "Zuni": "No adpositions" }
49A
Number of Cases
Nominal Categories
How many case categories are present in the <LANGUAGE> language?
No morphological case-marking; 2 case categories; 3 case categories; 4 case categories; 5 case categories; 6-7 case categories; 8-9 case categories; 10 or more case categories; Exclusively borderline morphological case-marking
{ "Abipón": "No morphological case-marking", "Abkhaz": "2 case categories", "Acoma": "No morphological case-marking", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "No morphological case-marking", "Ainu": "Exclusively borderline morphological case-marking", "Alamblak": "8-9 case categories", "Albanian": "4 case categories", "Aleut": "2 case categories", "Amele": "No morphological case-marking", "Amharic": "2 case categories", "Amuesha": "Exclusively borderline morphological case-marking", "Araona": "5 case categories", "Apurinã": "Exclusively borderline morphological case-marking", "Arabela": "8-9 case categories", "Armenian (Eastern)": "5 case categories", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "No morphological case-marking", "Asmat": "No morphological case-marking", "Awa Pit": "10 or more case categories", "Aymara (Central)": "6-7 case categories", "Bagirmi": "No morphological case-marking", "Bambara": "No morphological case-marking", "Bawm": "4 case categories", "Bengali (Chittagong)": "6-7 case categories", "Beja": "2 case categories", "Batak (Karo)": "No morphological case-marking", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "2 case categories", "Brahui": "10 or more case categories", "Bribri": "Exclusively borderline morphological case-marking", "Burmese": "8-9 case categories", "Barasano": "2 case categories", "Basque": "10 or more case categories", "Bulgarian": "No morphological case-marking", "Burushaski": "8-9 case categories", "Cahuilla": "5 case categories", "Carib": "No morphological case-marking", "Chumash (Barbareño)": "No morphological case-marking", "Chamorro": "No morphological case-marking", "Chukchi": "10 or more case categories", "Chuvash": "6-7 case categories", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "No morphological case-marking", "Comanche": "3 case categories", "Canela": "No morphological case-marking", "Coos (Hanis)": "8-9 case categories", "Cree (Plains)": "Exclusively borderline morphological case-marking", "Catalan": "No morphological case-marking", "Cayuvava": "Exclusively borderline morphological case-marking", "Daga": "Exclusively borderline morphological case-marking", "Diola-Fogny": "No morphological case-marking", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "6-7 case categories", "Dong (Southern)": "No morphological case-marking", "Drehu": "No morphological case-marking", "Dutch": "No morphological case-marking", "Dyirbal": "6-7 case categories", "Ekari": "Exclusively borderline morphological case-marking", "English": "2 case categories", "Epena Pedee": "10 or more case categories", "Estonian": "10 or more case categories", "Evenki": "10 or more case categories", "Ewe": "No morphological case-marking", "Fijian": "No morphological case-marking", "Finnish": "10 or more case categories", "French": "No morphological case-marking", "Frisian (Western)": "No morphological case-marking", "Fulfulde (Adamawa)": "No morphological case-marking", "Fur": "4 case categories", "Garo": "8-9 case categories", "Georgian": "6-7 case categories", "German": "4 case categories", "Gimira": "6-7 case categories", "Gooniyandi": "10 or more case categories", "Grebo": "No morphological case-marking", "Greek (Modern)": "3 case categories", "Greenlandic (West)": "8-9 case categories", "Guaraní": "No morphological case-marking", "Haida": "No morphological case-marking", "Hamtai": "10 or more case categories", "Hausa": "No morphological case-marking", "Hebrew (Modern)": "No morphological case-marking", "Hixkaryana": "No morphological case-marking", "Huitoto (Minica)": "6-7 case categories", "Hmong Njua": "No morphological case-marking", "Hua": "8-9 case categories", "Hungarian": "10 or more case categories", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "No morphological case-marking", "Hunzib": "10 or more case categories", "Iaai": "No morphological case-marking", "Icelandic": "4 case categories", "Igbo": "No morphological case-marking", "Ika": "6-7 case categories", "Ilocano": "No morphological case-marking", "Imonda": "5 case categories", "Indonesian": "No morphological case-marking", "Ingush": "10 or more case categories", "Irish": "2 case categories", "Iraqw": "Exclusively borderline morphological case-marking", "Italian": "No morphological case-marking", "Jakaltek": "No morphological case-marking", "Japanese": "8-9 case categories", "Ju|'hoan": "No morphological case-marking", "Kashmiri": "4 case categories", "Kayardild": "10 or more case categories", "Kera": "Exclusively borderline morphological case-marking", "Ket": "10 or more case categories", "Kewa": "6-7 case categories", "Koromfe": "No morphological case-marking", "Khalkha": "8-9 case categories", "Khmer": "No morphological case-marking", "Nama": "2 case categories", "Khasi": "No morphological case-marking", "Kinyarwanda": "No morphological case-marking", "Kiowa": "Exclusively borderline morphological case-marking", "Kalispel": "6-7 case categories", "Kilivila": "No morphological case-marking", "Kala Lagaw Ya": "8-9 case categories", "Kombai": "No morphological case-marking", "Khmu'": "No morphological case-marking", "Kannada": "6-7 case categories", "Kunama": "6-7 case categories", "Kanuri": "6-7 case categories", "Koasati": "6-7 case categories", "Kobon": "No morphological case-marking", "Kongo": "No morphological case-marking", "Korean": "6-7 case categories", "Kosraean": "No morphological case-marking", "Kiribati": "No morphological case-marking", "Karok": "3 case categories", "Krongo": "6-7 case categories", "Koyraboro Senni": "No morphological case-marking", "Khanty": "3 case categories", "Kutenai": "No morphological case-marking", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "No morphological case-marking", "Ladakhi": "5 case categories", "Lak": "10 or more case categories", "Lango": "No morphological case-marking", "Latvian": "5 case categories", "Lavukaleve": "No morphological case-marking", "Lepcha": "2 case categories", "Lezgian": "10 or more case categories", "Lithuanian": "6-7 case categories", "Lakhota": "No morphological case-marking", "Luvale": "No morphological case-marking", "Maba": "3 case categories", "Makah": "No morphological case-marking", "Malagasy": "No morphological case-marking", "Maori": "No morphological case-marking", "Mapudungun": "2 case categories", "Maricopa": "6-7 case categories", "Maung": "No morphological case-marking", "Maybrat": "2 case categories", "Madurese": "No morphological case-marking", "Meithei": "6-7 case categories", "Marathi": "5 case categories", "Maranungku": "Exclusively borderline morphological case-marking", "Malakmalak": "6-7 case categories", "Mandarin": "No morphological case-marking", "Mordvin (Erzya)": "10 or more case categories", "Mokilese": "No morphological case-marking", "Marind": "No morphological case-marking", "Murle": "4 case categories", "Martuthunira": "10 or more case categories", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "6-7 case categories", "Mundari": "8-9 case categories", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "No morphological case-marking", "Mangarrayi": "8-9 case categories", "Malayalam": "6-7 case categories", "Navajo": "No morphological case-marking", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "6-7 case categories", "Ndyuka": "No morphological case-marking", "Nez Perce": "10 or more case categories", "Ngiyambaa": "5 case categories", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "No morphological case-marking", "Nivkh": "8-9 case categories", "Nkore-Kiga": "No morphological case-marking", "Ngiti": "No morphological case-marking", "Nenets": "6-7 case categories", "Nunggubuyu": "10 or more case categories", "Oneida": "No morphological case-marking", "Oromo (Harar)": "6-7 case categories", "Otomí (Sierra)": "No morphological case-marking", "Páez": "6-7 case categories", "Paiwan": "No morphological case-marking", "Palauan": "No morphological case-marking", "Panjabi": "2 case categories", "Paumarí": "3 case categories", "Pitjantjatjara": "10 or more case categories", "Paamese": "No morphological case-marking", "Polish": "6-7 case categories", "Pirahã": "Exclusively borderline morphological case-marking", "Persian": "2 case categories", "Pashto": "3 case categories", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Exclusively borderline morphological case-marking", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "6-7 case categories", "Qawasqar": "2 case categories", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "8-9 case categories", "Rama": "8-9 case categories", "Rapanui": "No morphological case-marking", "Romani (Kalderash)": "6-7 case categories", "Romanian": "2 case categories", "Russian": "6-7 case categories", "Sango": "No morphological case-marking", "Serbian-Croatian": "5 case categories", "Selknam": "Exclusively borderline morphological case-marking", "Shipibo-Konibo": "6-7 case categories", "Slave": "No morphological case-marking", "Semelai": "3 case categories", "Sinhala": "5 case categories", "Sanuma": "2 case categories", "Saami (Northern)": "6-7 case categories", "Sentani": "No morphological case-marking", "Somali": "3 case categories", "Spanish": "No morphological case-marking", "Squamish": "2 case categories", "Suena": "4 case categories", "Supyire": "Exclusively borderline morphological case-marking", "Swahili": "No morphological case-marking", "Swedish": "2 case categories", "Taba": "No morphological case-marking", "Tagalog": "No morphological case-marking", "Toda": "10 or more case categories", "Thai": "No morphological case-marking", "Tinrin": "No morphological case-marking", "Tiwi": "No morphological case-marking", "Tlingit": "8-9 case categories", "Turkana": "6-7 case categories", "Trumai": "5 case categories", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "No morphological case-marking", "Tati (Southern)": "2 case categories", "Tukang Besi": "No morphological case-marking", "Tunica": "Exclusively borderline morphological case-marking", "Turkish": "6-7 case categories", "Tuvaluan": "No morphological case-marking", "Udihe": "8-9 case categories", "Udmurt": "10 or more case categories", "Una": "No morphological case-marking", "Ungarinjin": "8-9 case categories", "Urdu": "2 case categories", "Urubú-Kaapor": "No morphological case-marking", "Usan": "Exclusively borderline morphological case-marking", "Vietnamese": "No morphological case-marking", "Wambaya": "8-9 case categories", "Wari'": "No morphological case-marking", "Washo": "Exclusively borderline morphological case-marking", "Wichí": "No morphological case-marking", "Welsh": "No morphological case-marking", "Wichita": "Exclusively borderline morphological case-marking", "Wintu": "4 case categories", "Warao": "5 case categories", "Wardaman": "8-9 case categories", "Yagua": "Exclusively borderline morphological case-marking", "Yaqui": "2 case categories", "Yidiny": "8-9 case categories", "Yimas": "Exclusively borderline morphological case-marking", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "8-9 case categories", "Yoruba": "No morphological case-marking", "Yup'ik (Central)": "6-7 case categories", "Yuchi": "Exclusively borderline morphological case-marking", "Yurok": "Exclusively borderline morphological case-marking", "Yawelmani": "6-7 case categories", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "2 case categories", "Zulu": "No morphological case-marking", "Zuni": "No morphological case-marking" }
50A
Asymmetrical Case-Marking
Nominal Categories
How is case marking patterned in terms of symmetry in the <LANGUAGE> language?
No morphological case-marking; Symmetrical case-marking; Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking; Subtractive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking; Qualitatively asymmetrical case-marking; Syncretism in relevant noun phrase types
{ "Abipón": "No morphological case-marking", "Abkhaz": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Acoma": "No morphological case-marking", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "No morphological case-marking", "Ainu": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Alamblak": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Albanian": "Syncretism in relevant noun phrase types", "Aleut": "Subtractive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Amele": "No morphological case-marking", "Amharic": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Amuesha": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Araona": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Apurinã": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Arabela": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "No morphological case-marking", "Asmat": "No morphological case-marking", "Awa Pit": "Subtractive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Aymara (Central)": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Bagirmi": "No morphological case-marking", "Bambara": "No morphological case-marking", "Bawm": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Bengali (Chittagong)": "Subtractive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Beja": "Syncretism in relevant noun phrase types", "Batak (Karo)": "No morphological case-marking", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Subtractive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Brahui": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Bribri": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Burmese": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Barasano": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Basque": "Syncretism in relevant noun phrase types", "Bulgarian": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Burushaski": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Cahuilla": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Carib": "No morphological case-marking", "Chumash (Barbareño)": "No morphological case-marking", "Chamorro": "No morphological case-marking", "Chukchi": "Subtractive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Chuvash": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "No morphological case-marking", "Comanche": "Subtractive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Canela": "No morphological case-marking", "Coos (Hanis)": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Cree (Plains)": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Catalan": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Cayuvava": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Daga": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Diola-Fogny": "No morphological case-marking", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Dong (Southern)": "No morphological case-marking", "Drehu": "No morphological case-marking", "Dutch": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Dyirbal": "Qualitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Ekari": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "English": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Epena Pedee": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Estonian": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Evenki": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Ewe": "No morphological case-marking", "Fijian": "No morphological case-marking", "Finnish": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "French": "No morphological case-marking", "Frisian (Western)": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Fulfulde (Adamawa)": "No morphological case-marking", "Fur": "Subtractive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Garo": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Georgian": "Subtractive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "German": "Syncretism in relevant noun phrase types", "Gimira": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Gooniyandi": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Grebo": "No morphological case-marking", "Greek (Modern)": "Syncretism in relevant noun phrase types", "Greenlandic (West)": "Syncretism in relevant noun phrase types", "Guaraní": "No morphological case-marking", "Haida": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Hamtai": "Syncretism in relevant noun phrase types", "Hausa": "No morphological case-marking", "Hebrew (Modern)": "No morphological case-marking", "Hixkaryana": "No morphological case-marking", "Huitoto (Minica)": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Hmong Njua": "No morphological case-marking", "Hua": "Subtractive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Hungarian": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Hunzib": "Syncretism in relevant noun phrase types", "Iaai": "No morphological case-marking", "Icelandic": "Syncretism in relevant noun phrase types", "Igbo": "No morphological case-marking", "Ika": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Ilocano": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Imonda": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Indonesian": "No morphological case-marking", "Ingush": "Syncretism in relevant noun phrase types", "Irish": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Iraqw": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Italian": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Jakaltek": "No morphological case-marking", "Japanese": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Ju|'hoan": "No morphological case-marking", "Kashmiri": "Subtractive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Kayardild": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Kera": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Ket": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Kewa": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Koromfe": "No morphological case-marking", "Khalkha": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Khmer": "No morphological case-marking", "Nama": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Khasi": "No morphological case-marking", "Kinyarwanda": "No morphological case-marking", "Kiowa": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Kalispel": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Kilivila": "No morphological case-marking", "Kala Lagaw Ya": "Qualitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Kombai": "No morphological case-marking", "Khmu'": "No morphological case-marking", "Kannada": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Kunama": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Kanuri": "Subtractive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Koasati": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Kobon": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Kongo": "No morphological case-marking", "Korean": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Kosraean": "No morphological case-marking", "Kiribati": "No morphological case-marking", "Karok": "Subtractive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Krongo": "Syncretism in relevant noun phrase types", "Koyraboro Senni": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Khanty": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Kutenai": "No morphological case-marking", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "No morphological case-marking", "Ladakhi": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Lak": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Lango": "No morphological case-marking", "Latvian": "Syncretism in relevant noun phrase types", "Lavukaleve": "No morphological case-marking", "Lepcha": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Lezgian": "Syncretism in relevant noun phrase types", "Lithuanian": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Lakhota": "No morphological case-marking", "Luvale": "No morphological case-marking", "Maba": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Makah": "No morphological case-marking", "Malagasy": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Maori": "No morphological case-marking", "Mapudungun": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Maricopa": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Maung": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Maybrat": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Madurese": "No morphological case-marking", "Meithei": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Marathi": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Maranungku": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Malakmalak": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Mandarin": "No morphological case-marking", "Mordvin (Erzya)": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Mokilese": "No morphological case-marking", "Marind": "No morphological case-marking", "Murle": "Subtractive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Martuthunira": "Syncretism in relevant noun phrase types", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Mundari": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "No morphological case-marking", "Mangarrayi": "Qualitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Malayalam": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Navajo": "No morphological case-marking", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Ndyuka": "No morphological case-marking", "Nez Perce": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Ngiyambaa": "Qualitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "No morphological case-marking", "Nivkh": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Nkore-Kiga": "No morphological case-marking", "Ngiti": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Nenets": "Subtractive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Nunggubuyu": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Oneida": "No morphological case-marking", "Oromo (Harar)": "Subtractive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Otomí (Sierra)": "No morphological case-marking", "Páez": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Paiwan": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Palauan": "No morphological case-marking", "Panjabi": "Syncretism in relevant noun phrase types", "Paumarí": "Subtractive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Pitjantjatjara": "Qualitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Paamese": "No morphological case-marking", "Polish": "Syncretism in relevant noun phrase types", "Pirahã": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Persian": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Pashto": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Subtractive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Qawasqar": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Rama": "Syncretism in relevant noun phrase types", "Rapanui": "No morphological case-marking", "Romani (Kalderash)": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Romanian": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Russian": "Syncretism in relevant noun phrase types", "Sango": "No morphological case-marking", "Serbian-Croatian": "Syncretism in relevant noun phrase types", "Selknam": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Slave": "No morphological case-marking", "Semelai": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Sinhala": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Sanuma": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Saami (Northern)": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Sentani": "No morphological case-marking", "Somali": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Spanish": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Squamish": "Syncretism in relevant noun phrase types", "Suena": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Supyire": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Swahili": "No morphological case-marking", "Swedish": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Taba": "No morphological case-marking", "Tagalog": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Toda": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Thai": "No morphological case-marking", "Tinrin": "No morphological case-marking", "Tiwi": "No morphological case-marking", "Tlingit": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Turkana": "Subtractive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Trumai": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Tati (Southern)": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Tukang Besi": "No morphological case-marking", "Tunica": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Turkish": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Tuvaluan": "No morphological case-marking", "Udihe": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Udmurt": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Una": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Ungarinjin": "Subtractive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Urdu": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Urubú-Kaapor": "No morphological case-marking", "Usan": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Vietnamese": "No morphological case-marking", "Wambaya": "Qualitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Wari'": "No morphological case-marking", "Washo": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Wichí": "No morphological case-marking", "Welsh": "No morphological case-marking", "Wichita": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Wintu": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Warao": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Wardaman": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Yagua": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Yaqui": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Yidiny": "Qualitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Yimas": "Subtractive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Yoruba": "No morphological case-marking", "Yup'ik (Central)": "Syncretism in relevant noun phrase types", "Yuchi": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Yurok": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking", "Yawelmani": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Symmetrical case-marking", "Zulu": "No morphological case-marking", "Zuni": "Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical case-marking" }
51A
Position of Case Affixes
Nominal Categories
Where are case affixes positioned in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Case suffixes; Case prefixes; Case coded by tone; Case coded by changes within noun stem; Mixed morphological case strategies with none primary; Postpositional clitics; Prepositional clitics; Inpositional clitics; Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics
{ "Aari": "Case suffixes", "Abipón": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Abkhaz": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Arabana": "Case suffixes", "Abun": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Abui": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Acehnese": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Achagua": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Acholi": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Achumawi": "Case suffixes", "Achuar": "Case suffixes", "Adang": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Adioukrou": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Andoke": "Case suffixes", "Adynyamathanha": "Case suffixes", "Adyghe (Abzakh)": "Case suffixes", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Agarabi": "Case suffixes", "Agta (Central)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Anguthimri": "Case suffixes", "Ainu": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Ajagbe": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Akha": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Akan": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Alamblak": "Postpositional clitics", "Albanian": "Case suffixes", "Aleut": "Case suffixes", "Ala'ala": "Case suffixes", "Alune": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Alawa": "Case suffixes", "Alyawarra": "Case suffixes", "Ambulas": "Postpositional clitics", "Amahuaca": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Amele": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Amharic": "Case suffixes", "Ambae (Lolovoli Northeast)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Amanab": "Case suffixes", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "Postpositional clitics", "Arabic (Moroccan)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Arabic (Modern Standard)": "Case suffixes", "Araona": "Case suffixes", "Angas": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Anggor": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Anejom": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Anindilyakwa": "Inpositional clitics", "Anufo": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Anywa": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Ao": "Postpositional clitics", "Mufian": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Apinayé": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Apalaí": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Apatani": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Apurinã": "Postpositional clitics", "Apache (Western)": "Case suffixes", "Lokono": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Archi": "Case suffixes", "Arabic (Gulf)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Case suffixes", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Arabic (Iraqi)": "Prepositional clitics", "Armenian (Western)": "Case suffixes", "Asmat": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Assamese": "Case suffixes", "Arabic (Syrian)": "Prepositional clitics", "Atayal": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Athpare": "Case suffixes", "Atsugewi": "Case suffixes", "Au": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Avar": "Case suffixes", "Awa": "Case suffixes", "Arrernte (Western)": "Case suffixes", "Awa Pit": "Postpositional clitics", "Awtuw": "Postpositional clitics", "Aymara (Central)": "Postpositional clitics", "Ayomán": "Case suffixes", "Azerbaijani": "Case suffixes", "Azari (Iranian)": "Case suffixes", "Barai": "Case suffixes", "Babungo": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Bachamal": "Postpositional clitics", "Baré": "Case suffixes", "Bagirmi": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Bai": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Bao'an": "Postpositional clitics", "Baure": "Case suffixes", "Bari": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Bawm": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Bininj Gun-Wok": "Case suffixes", "Bella Coola": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Budu": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Beja": "Case suffixes", "Belhare": "Case suffixes", "Bengali": "Case suffixes", "Berber (Figuig)": "Case prefixes", "Bongo": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Bhojpuri": "Case suffixes", "Biri": "Case suffixes", "Biak": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Bilua": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Binandere": "Postpositional clitics", "Nai": "Case suffixes", "Birom": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Bisu": "Case suffixes", "Baka (in South Sudan)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Betta Kurumba": "Case suffixes", "Bikol": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Batak (Karo)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Belorussian": "Case suffixes", "Biloxi": "Case suffixes", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Case prefixes", "Bimoba": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Burum": "Case suffixes", "Bunuba": "Inpositional clitics", "Bandjalang": "Case suffixes", "Banoni": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Bilinarra": "Case suffixes", "Bularnu": "Case suffixes", "Bodo": "Case suffixes", "Boiken": "Case suffixes", "Breton": "Prepositional clitics", "Berber (Rif)": "Case prefixes", "Brahui": "Case suffixes", "Bribri": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Burmese": "Case suffixes", "Barupu": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Bororo": "Case suffixes", "Barasano": "Case suffixes", "Baruya": "Case suffixes", "Bashkir": "Case suffixes", "Basque": "Postpositional clitics", "Betoi": "Case suffixes", "Batak (Toba)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Burarra": "Case prefixes", "Buduma": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Bulgarian": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Buin": "Case suffixes", "Burushaski": "Case suffixes", "Buriat": "Case suffixes", "Bajau (West Coast)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Byansi": "Case suffixes", "Bauzi": "Postpositional clitics", "Cahuilla": "Case suffixes", "Chai": "Case suffixes", "Camsá": "Case suffixes", "Carib": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Cashibo": "Case suffixes", "Cavineña": "Postpositional clitics", "Campa (Axininca)": "Case suffixes", "Cayapa": "Case suffixes", "Chumash (Barbareño)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Chácobo": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Chinantec (Comaltepec)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Choctaw": "Postpositional clitics", "Carib (De'kwana)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Cree (Swampy)": "Case suffixes", "Cèmuhî": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Chechen": "Case suffixes", "Chang": "Postpositional clitics", "Chimariko": "Case suffixes", "Chukchi": "Case suffixes", "Chantyal": "Postpositional clitics", "Chinantec (Quiotepec)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Chrau": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Chin (Siyin)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Chuvash": "Case suffixes", "Chontal (Huamelultec Oaxaca)": "Case prefixes", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Cholón": "Case suffixes", "Chemehuevi": "Case suffixes", "Camling": "Case suffixes", "Comanche": "Case suffixes", "Chin (Mara)": "Postpositional clitics", "Chontal Maya": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Canela": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Canamarí": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Cantonese": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Coahuilteco": "Case suffixes", "Cocama": "Case suffixes", "Coos (Hanis)": "Postpositional clitics", "Coptic": "Prepositional clitics", "Rumsien": "Case suffixes", "Chinantec (Palantla)": "Prepositional clitics", "Chipaya": "Case suffixes", "Cree (Plains)": "Case suffixes", "Cornish": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Crow": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Carapana": "Case suffixes", "Chitimacha": "Case suffixes", "Cua": "Case prefixes", "Cubeo": "Case suffixes", "Cupeño": "Case suffixes", "Chatino (Yaitepec)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Cayuvava": "Prepositional clitics", "Czech": "Case suffixes", "Daga": "Case suffixes", "Dan": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Dâw": "Postpositional clitics", "Day": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Donno So": "Postpositional clitics", "Desano": "Postpositional clitics", "Dagur": "Case suffixes", "Dhaasanac": "Mixed morphological case strategies with none primary", "Dharumbal": "Case suffixes", "Dhargari": "Case suffixes", "Dharawal": "Case suffixes", "Didinga": "Case suffixes", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "Postpositional clitics", "Digaro": "Postpositional clitics", "Dime": "Postpositional clitics", "Diola-Fogny": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Diyari": "Case suffixes", "Djabugay": "Case suffixes", "Djingili": "Case suffixes", "Djambarrpuyngu": "Case suffixes", "Djinang": "Case suffixes", "Djapu": "Case suffixes", "Djaru": "Case suffixes", "Dla (Menggwa)": "Postpositional clitics", "Dumi": "Postpositional clitics", "Domaaki": "Case suffixes", "Dimasa": "Postpositional clitics", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Case suffixes", "Domari": "Case suffixes", "Doyayo": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Drehu": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Dargwa": "Case suffixes", "Darma": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Danish": "Case suffixes", "Duka": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Dumo": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Duna": "Postpositional clitics", "Dutch": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Dyirbal": "Case suffixes", "Engenni": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Eipo": "Postpositional clitics", "Emberá (Northern)": "Case suffixes", "Émérillon": "Postpositional clitics", "Emmi": "Postpositional clitics", "Enets": "Case suffixes", "English": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Enggano": "Case prefixes", "Epena Pedee": "Postpositional clitics", "Efate (South)": "Case prefixes", "Ese Ejja": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Esmeraldeño": "Case suffixes", "Esselen": "Case suffixes", "Estonian": "Case suffixes", "Eudeve": "Case suffixes", "Evenki": "Case suffixes", "Even": "Case suffixes", "Ewe": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Ewondo": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Fasu": "Postpositional clitics", "Fijian": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Finnish": "Case suffixes", "Fore": "Postpositional clitics", "Momu": "Postpositional clitics", "French": "Prepositional clitics", "Frisian": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Fulfulde (Adamawa)": "Prepositional clitics", "Fulniô": "Postpositional clitics", "Fur": "Case suffixes", "Futuna-Aniwa": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Gaagudju": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Gaelic (Scots)": "Mixed morphological case strategies with none primary", "Gahuku": "Case suffixes", "Galo": "Case suffixes", "Gamo": "Case suffixes", "Great Andamanese": "Case suffixes", "Gapapaiwa": "Case prefixes", "Garo": "Postpositional clitics", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Gbaya (Southwest)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Gadsup": "Case suffixes", "Georgian": "Case suffixes", "German": "Case suffixes", "Gureng Gureng": "Case suffixes", "Gidabal": "Case suffixes", "Gilaki": "Case suffixes", "Gimira": "Postpositional clitics", "Gitksan": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Gününa Küne": "Case suffixes", "Golin": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Gumawana": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Gumuz": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Gunin": "Postpositional clitics", "Goajiro": "Case suffixes", "Godoberi": "Case suffixes", "Goemai": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Gogodala": "Case suffixes", "Gokana": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Gondi": "Case suffixes", "Gooniyandi": "Inpositional clitics", "Grebo": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Gurr-goni": "Case prefixes", "Greek (Modern)": "Case suffixes", "Garrwa": "Case suffixes", "Greenlandic (West)": "Case suffixes", "Guaraní": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Gude": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Gugada": "Case suffixes", "Guhu-Samane": "Case suffixes", "Gula (in Central African Republic)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Gumbaynggir": "Case suffixes", "Guugu Yimidhirr": "Case suffixes", "Haida": "Postpositional clitics", "Halia": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Haruai": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Hatam": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Hausa": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Hawaiian": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Hayu": "Postpositional clitics", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Prepositional clitics", "Hindi": "Case suffixes", "Hixkaryana": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Hualapai": "Case suffixes", "Hmar": "Postpositional clitics", "Huitoto (Minica)": "Case suffixes", "Hmong Njua": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Mina": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Hunde": "Case prefixes", "Ho": "Case suffixes", "Hoava": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Hopi": "Case suffixes", "Hup": "Postpositional clitics", "Huastec": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Hua": "Case suffixes", "Huichol": "Case suffixes", "Huitoto (Murui)": "Case suffixes", "Hungarian": "Case suffixes", "Hupa": "Case suffixes", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Hunzib": "Case suffixes", "Iaai": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Iban": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Icelandic": "Case suffixes", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "Case suffixes", "Ik": "Case suffixes", "Ika": "Postpositional clitics", "Imonda": "Postpositional clitics", "Inanwatan": "Postpositional clitics", "Indonesian": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Ingush": "Case suffixes", "Innamincka": "Postpositional clitics", "Iquito": "Case suffixes", "Irish": "Mixed morphological case strategies with none primary", "Iraqw": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Irarutu": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Iranxe": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Italian": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Itelmen": "Case suffixes", "Izi": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Jabêm": "Case suffixes", "Jakaltek": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Jaqaru": "Case suffixes", "Jebero": "Case suffixes", "Jino": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Jivaro": "Case suffixes", "Jur Mödö": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Jamsay": "Case coded by tone", "Jingpho": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Japanese": "Postpositional clitics", "Ju|'hoan": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Jukun": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Karó (Arára)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Kabardian": "Case suffixes", "Kachari": "Case suffixes", "Kana": "Case prefixes", "Kara (in Central African Republic)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Kayardild": "Case suffixes", "Kanembu": "Case suffixes", "Karen (Bwe)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Koyra Chiini": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Kadazan": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Kele": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Kemant": "Case suffixes", "Kenga": "Case suffixes", "Kera": "Case suffixes", "Ket": "Case suffixes", "Kewa": "Postpositional clitics", "Koromfe": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Kalkatungu": "Case suffixes", "Kyirong": "Postpositional clitics", "Kirghiz": "Case suffixes", "Khalkha": "Case suffixes", "Kham (Dege)": "Postpositional clitics", "Khaling": "Case suffixes", "Khinalug": "Case suffixes", "Khalaj": "Case suffixes", "Khmer": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Nama": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Kharia": "Postpositional clitics", "Khasi": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Kinyarwanda": "Prepositional clitics", "Kiowa": "Case suffixes", "Kisi": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Kiwai (Southern)": "Case suffixes", "Koreguaje": "Case suffixes", "Karakalpak": "Case suffixes", "Kokota": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Korku": "Case suffixes", "Lusi": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Karankawa": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Kulung": "Case suffixes", "Kaluli": "Postpositional clitics", "Klamath": "Case suffixes", "Kalam": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Kalispel": "Case prefixes", "Kilivila": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Kiliwa": "Case suffixes", "Kamaiurá": "Case suffixes", "Kombai": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Kham": "Case suffixes", "Karimojong": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Kalmyk": "Case suffixes", "Kuman": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Koiali (Mountain)": "Case suffixes", "Kunimaipa": "Case suffixes", "Kamoro": "Case suffixes", "Kamass": "Case suffixes", "Khmu'": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Kamu": "Postpositional clitics", "Kamasau": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Kugu Nganhcara": "Postpositional clitics", "Kannada": "Case suffixes", "Konni": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Kanakuru": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Kunama": "Postpositional clitics", "Kinnauri": "Case suffixes", "Kanoê": "Case suffixes", "Kanuri": "Postpositional clitics", "Konkow": "Case suffixes", "Koasati": "Postpositional clitics", "Kobon": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Koegu": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Kokborok": "Case suffixes", "Kolami": "Case suffixes", "Komo": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Kongo": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Komi-Permyak": "Case suffixes", "Korean": "Case suffixes", "Kosraean": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Koya": "Case suffixes", "Kiribati": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Karachay-Balkar": "Case suffixes", "Kurdish (Central)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Kresh": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Kipea": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Karadjeri": "Case suffixes", "Karok": "Postpositional clitics", "Korana": "Case suffixes", "Krongo": "Case prefixes", "Kairiru": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Korowai": "Case suffixes", "Koryak": "Case suffixes", "Keresan (Santa Ana)": "Postpositional clitics", "Koyraboro Senni": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Karen (Sgaw)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Koita": "Case suffixes", "Katcha": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Katla": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Khanty": "Case suffixes", "Kumauni": "Case suffixes", "Kuot": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Kutenai": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Kuvi": "Case suffixes", "Kwoma": "Postpositional clitics", "Kawaiisu": "Case suffixes", "Kwomtari": "Postpositional clitics", "Kwaza": "Case suffixes", "Kuku-Yalanji": "Case suffixes", "Kyaka": "Postpositional clitics", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Kayapó": "Case suffixes", "Komi-Zyrian": "Case suffixes", "Ladakhi": "Case suffixes", "Lafofa": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Lahu": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Lai": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Lak": "Case suffixes", "Lalo": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Lango": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Lao": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Laragia": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Latvian": "Case suffixes", "Lavukaleve": "Case suffixes", "Lunda": "Case prefixes", "Luganda": "Prepositional clitics", "Lendu": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Leko": "Case suffixes", "Lele": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Lenakel": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Lepcha": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Lewo": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Lezgian": "Case suffixes", "Logoti": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Longgu": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Lhomi": "Case suffixes", "Limbu": "Case suffixes", "Lisu": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Lithuanian": "Case suffixes", "Lakhota": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Lelemi": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Lamang": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Lamaholot": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Limilngan": "Case suffixes", "Lamani": "Case suffixes", "Lampung": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Linda": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Loniu": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Lotha": "Postpositional clitics", "Lucazi": "Case prefixes", "Lugbara": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Luiseño": "Case suffixes", "Luo": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Maasai": "Case coded by tone", "Maba": "Case coded by tone", "Macushi": "Case suffixes", "Ma'di": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Mae": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Magar": "Case suffixes", "Maithili": "Case suffixes", "Majang": "Case suffixes", "Makah": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Malagasy": "Prepositional clitics", "Mam": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Mano": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Maori": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Mapudungun": "Case suffixes", "Maricopa": "Postpositional clitics", "Maung": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Maninka (Western)": "Case suffixes", "Maybrat": "Case prefixes", "Mba": "Case suffixes", "Mbum": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Mangbetu": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Mbay": "Case suffixes", "Mochica": "Case suffixes", "Machiguenga": "Case suffixes", "Mocoví": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Mende": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Mundang": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Madimadi": "Case suffixes", "Mandan": "Case suffixes", "Manadonese": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Meyah": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Me'en": "Case suffixes", "Mehri": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Meithei": "Postpositional clitics", "Mekens": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Menomini": "Case suffixes", "Meryam Mir": "Case suffixes", "Menya": "Postpositional clitics", "Mondunga": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Mangghuer": "Postpositional clitics", "Magahi": "Case suffixes", "Musgu": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Marathi": "Case suffixes", "Mehek": "Case suffixes", "Miri (Hill):": "Case suffixes", "Mien": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Miisiirii": "Case suffixes", "Mikir": "Case suffixes", "Minangkabau": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Miriwung": "Case suffixes", "Miya": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Mizo": "Postpositional clitics", "Mauka": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Mongol (Khamnigan)": "Case suffixes", "Mikasuki": "Case suffixes", "Makasae": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Maranungku": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Malgwa": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Malakmalak": "Case suffixes", "Maleu": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Mari (Meadow)": "Case suffixes", "Mamanwa": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Muna": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Manchu": "Case suffixes", "Mandarin": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Maidu (Northeast)": "Case suffixes", "Manggarai": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Manam": "Postpositional clitics", "Mono (in United States)": "Case suffixes", "Mansi": "Case suffixes", "Margany": "Case suffixes", "Mordvin (Erzya)": "Case suffixes", "Moghol": "Case suffixes", "Mohawk": "Case suffixes", "Mokilese": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Mon": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Mooré": "Case suffixes", "Moru": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Movima": "Prepositional clitics", "Maipure": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Mian": "Postpositional clitics", "Momuna": "Case suffixes", "Mara": "Case prefixes", "Margi": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Murle": "Case suffixes", "Moro": "Mixed morphological case strategies with none primary", "Martuthunira": "Case suffixes", "Maru": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Muruwari": "Case suffixes", "Muisca": "Case suffixes", "Mising": "Postpositional clitics", "Masakin": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Masalit": "Case suffixes", "Maisin": "Postpositional clitics", "Matis": "Case suffixes", "Motu": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Muinane": "Case suffixes", "Mumuye": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Mundari": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Mupun": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Mursi": "Case suffixes", "Mutsun": "Case suffixes", "Manobo (Western Bukidnon)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Mwotlap": "Case prefixes", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Mixtec (Jicaltepec)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Mixtec (Ocotepec)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Mixtec (Peñoles)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Mangarrayi": "Mixed morphological case strategies with none primary", "Nabak": "Postpositional clitics", "Nahali": "Case suffixes", "Neo-Aramaic (Arbel Jewish)": "Prepositional clitics", "Nakanai": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Nandi": "Case coded by tone", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "Postpositional clitics", "Nasioi": "Case suffixes", "Natchez": "Postpositional clitics", "Navajo": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Postpositional clitics", "Ngäbere": "Case suffixes", "Nicobarese (Car)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Ndebele": "Case prefixes", "Ndjébbana": "Case suffixes", "Ndonga": "Case prefixes", "Ndyuka": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Nepali": "Case suffixes", "Nevome": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Newari (Kathmandu)": "Case suffixes", "Nez Perce": "Case suffixes", "Nganasan": "Case suffixes", "Ngad'a": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Ngan'gityemerri": "Postpositional clitics", "Ngiyambaa": "Case suffixes", "Ngadjumaja": "Case suffixes", "Ngankikurungkurr": "Postpositional clitics", "Ngalakan": "Case suffixes", "Ngambay": "Case suffixes", "Ngandi": "Case suffixes", "Naga (Tangkhul)": "Case suffixes", "Ngawun": "Case suffixes", "Ngizim": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Nhanda": "Case suffixes", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Nias": "Case prefixes", "Nyishi": "Case suffixes", "Niuean": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Nivkh": "Case suffixes", "Ngalkbun": "Case suffixes", "Nkore-Kiga": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Nocte": "Case suffixes", "Noghay": "Case suffixes", "Noni": "Case prefixes", "Noon": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Norwegian": "Case suffixes", "Nar-Phu": "Postpositional clitics", "Nisgha": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Nisenan": "Case suffixes", "Ngiti": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Ngaanyatjarra": "Case suffixes", "Nenets": "Case suffixes", "Nuaulu": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Nuer": "Case coded by changes within noun stem", "Nunggubuyu": "Case suffixes", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Nupe": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Newar (Dolakha)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Nyawaygi": "Case suffixes", "Nyimang": "Case suffixes", "Nyulnyul": "Inpositional clitics", "Nzakara": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Naga (Zeme)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Ogbronuagum": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Obolo": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Ocuilteco": "Case prefixes", "Oirat": "Case suffixes", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "Case suffixes", "Oksapmin": "Postpositional clitics", "Olo": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Ömie": "Case suffixes", "Oneida": "Case suffixes", "One": "Case suffixes", "Onge": "Case suffixes", "O'odham": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Ordos": "Case suffixes", "Oromo (Harar)": "Case suffixes", "Orok": "Case suffixes", "Orokaiva": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Oromo (Waata)": "Case suffixes", "Orya": "Postpositional clitics", "Osage": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Ossetic": "Case suffixes", "Otoro": "Case suffixes", "Oriya": "Case suffixes", "Pa'a": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Páez": "Postpositional clitics", "Paiwan": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Palauan": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Pame": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Panjabi": "Case suffixes", "Päri": "Case suffixes", "Paumarí": "Postpositional clitics", "Pawaian": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Pima Bajo": "Case suffixes", "Folopa": "Postpositional clitics", "Pero": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Pilagá": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Piaroa": "Case suffixes", "Pipil": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Piro": "Case suffixes", "Pitjantjatjara": "Postpositional clitics", "Paakantyi": "Case suffixes", "Pokot": "Case suffixes", "Paulohi": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Palikur": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Pomo (Eastern)": "Case suffixes", "Paamese": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Bunu (Younuo)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Panyjima": "Case suffixes", "Pohnpeian": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Poko-Rawo": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Polish": "Case suffixes", "Portuguese": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Pitta Pitta": "Case suffixes", "Prasuni": "Case prefixes", "Pirahã": "Case suffixes", "Purki": "Case suffixes", "Persian": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Pashto": "Case suffixes", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Case suffixes", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Case suffixes", "Port Sandwich": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Pattani": "Case suffixes", "Patwin": "Case suffixes", "Pumi": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Puquina": "Case suffixes", "Purépecha": "Case suffixes", "Pawnee": "Case suffixes", "Quechua (Huallaga)": "Postpositional clitics", "Qiang": "Postpositional clitics", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Case suffixes", "Quileute": "Case suffixes", "Sipakapense": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Rama": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Rapanui": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Rashad": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Rawang": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Remo": "Case suffixes", "Resígaro": "Postpositional clitics", "Retuarã": "Postpositional clitics", "Ritharngu": "Case suffixes", "Rembarnga": "Case suffixes", "Romanian": "Case suffixes", "Rotuman": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Rukai (Tanan)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Rumu": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Runga": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Russian": "Case suffixes", "Rutul": "Case suffixes", "Romani (Welsh)": "Case suffixes", "Sa'a": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Sahu": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Salinan": "Prepositional clitics", "Samoan": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Sango": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Sare": "Postpositional clitics", "Savi": "Case suffixes", "Serbian-Croatian": "Case suffixes", "Sandawe": "Postpositional clitics", "Sedang": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Sema": "Postpositional clitics", "Seri": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Shabo": "Case suffixes", "Sharanahua": "Case suffixes", "Shiriana": "Case suffixes", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Postpositional clitics", "Shilluk": "Case coded by tone", "Shoshone": "Case suffixes", "Klikitat": "Case suffixes", "Shatt": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Shuswap": "Case prefixes", "Shira Yughur": "Case suffixes", "Siane": "Case suffixes", "Sidaama": "Mixed morphological case strategies with none primary", "Sila": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Simeulue": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Siona": "Case suffixes", "Sio": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Sisiqa": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Siuslaw": "Mixed morphological case strategies with none primary", "Sikkimese": "Postpositional clitics", "Skou": "Postpositional clitics", "Selkup": "Case suffixes", "Slave": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Saliba (in Papua New Guinea)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Slovene": "Case suffixes", "Selepet": "Case suffixes", "Semelai": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Shina": "Case suffixes", "Sinaugoro": "Postpositional clitics", "Sinhala": "Case suffixes", "Sanuma": "Postpositional clitics", "Saami (Northern)": "Case suffixes", "Sentani": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "So": "Case suffixes", "Sobei": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Somali": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Sonsorol-Tobi": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Sora": "Case suffixes", "Spanish": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Squamish": "Prepositional clitics", "Sarcee": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Siroi": "Postpositional clitics", "Santa": "Case suffixes", "Stieng": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Santali": "Case suffixes", "Suena": "Case suffixes", "Suki": "Case suffixes", "Sulka": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Sundanese": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Supyire": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Savosavo": "Postpositional clitics", "Swahili": "Mixed morphological case strategies with none primary", "Swedish": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Salt-Yui": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Taba": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Tacana": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Tahitian": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Tajik": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Talinga": "Case prefixes", "Tamang (Eastern)": "Postpositional clitics", "Tarao": "Case suffixes", "Tariana": "Postpositional clitics", "Tashlhiyt": "Case prefixes", "Tauya": "Postpositional clitics", "Tawala": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Tboli": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Tobati": "Postpositional clitics", "Tubu": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Tangbe": "Postpositional clitics", "Tarahumara (Central)": "Case suffixes", "Tepehua (Huehuetla)": "Case prefixes", "Telugu": "Case suffixes", "Tennet": "Case suffixes", "Teop": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Tepehua (Tlachichilco)": "Case prefixes", "Tera": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Teso": "Case prefixes", "Tuareg (Ghat)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Tigak": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Tshangla": "Postpositional clitics", "Tigré": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Thai": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Thangmi": "Case suffixes", "Thulung": "Case suffixes", "Kuuk Thaayorre": "Inpositional clitics", "Tima": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Ticuna": "Case suffixes", "Tidore": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Tigrinya": "Prepositional clitics", "Timugon": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Tinrin": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Tiriyo": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Tiwi": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Tiipay (Jamul)": "Postpositional clitics", "Takelma": "Case prefixes", "Tolai": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Tlingit": "Case suffixes", "Tobelo": "Case suffixes", "Tlapanec": "Case suffixes", "Tama": "Case suffixes", "Tamagario": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Tamil": "Case suffixes", "Temein": "Case suffixes", "Tibetan (Modern Literary)": "Postpositional clitics", "Temiar": "Case prefixes", "Turkana": "Mixed morphological case strategies with none primary", "Tanacross": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Tongan": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Tunen": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Toba": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Tonkawa": "Postpositional clitics", "Totonac (Misantla)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Tonga (in Zambia)": "Case prefixes", "Tepehuan (Northern)": "Case suffixes", "Tapieté": "Case suffixes", "Teribe": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Trique (Copala)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Tirmaga": "Case suffixes", "Tairora": "Case suffixes", "Trumai": "Case suffixes", "Tsafiki": "Postpositional clitics", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "Case suffixes", "Tamashek": "Case prefixes", "Tsez": "Case suffixes", "Tutelo": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Tetun": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Tsova-Tush": "Case suffixes", "Tucano": "Postpositional clitics", "Tukang Besi": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Tulu": "Case suffixes", "Tunica": "Case suffixes", "Turkish": "Case suffixes", "Tuscarora": "Case suffixes", "Tuvan": "Case suffixes", "Tuyuca": "Postpositional clitics", "Tuvaluan": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Tatar": "Case suffixes", "Tarahumara (Western)": "Case suffixes", "Tiwa (Northern)": "Case suffixes", "Tzutujil": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Ubykh": "Postpositional clitics", "Udi": "Case suffixes", "Udmurt": "Case suffixes", "Uradhi": "Case suffixes", "Ukrainian": "Case suffixes", "Uldeme": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Ulithian": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Una": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Ungarinjin": "Postpositional clitics", "Urdu": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Urak Lawoi'": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Urarina": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Urat": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Uru": "Case suffixes", "Usarufa": "Case suffixes", "Ute": "Case suffixes", "Uyghur": "Case suffixes", "Uzbek": "Case suffixes", "Vai": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Vietnamese": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Wagiman": "Case suffixes", "Wahgi": "Case suffixes", "Wakhi": "Case suffixes", "Walman": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Wambaya": "Case suffixes", "Wangkumara": "Case suffixes", "Wappo": "Case suffixes", "Wari'": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Washo": "Case suffixes", "Watjarri": "Postpositional clitics", "Waunana": "Case suffixes", "Wambon": "Postpositional clitics", "Wichí": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Wedau": "Case suffixes", "Welsh": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Wembawemba": "Case suffixes", "Wichita": "Case suffixes", "Wikchamni": "Case suffixes", "Wintu": "Case suffixes", "Wirangu": "Postpositional clitics", "Wiyot": "Case suffixes", "Wolof": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Wolio": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Wolaytta": "Case suffixes", "West Makian": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Wambule": "Postpositional clitics", "Wik Munkan": "Case suffixes", "Wik Ngathana": "Case suffixes", "Wogamusin": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Woleaian": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Womo": "Case suffixes", "Warrnambool": "Case suffixes", "Wardaman": "Case suffixes", "Warrgamay": "Case suffixes", "Warekena": "Case suffixes", "Warlpiri": "Case suffixes", "Warndarang": "Case suffixes", "Warrwa": "Inpositional clitics", "Waray (in Australia)": "Postpositional clitics", "Waskia": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Wathawurrung": "Case suffixes", "Xârâcùù": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Xasonga": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Xavánte": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Kombio": "Case suffixes", "Xhosa": "Case prefixes", "Yagua": "Case suffixes", "Yahgan": "Case suffixes", "Yale (Kosarek)": "Postpositional clitics", "Yaminahua": "Case suffixes", "Yapese": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Yaqui": "Case suffixes", "Yareba": "Case suffixes", "Yagaria": "Postpositional clitics", "Yidiny": "Case suffixes", "Yimas": "Case suffixes", "Yindjibarndi": "Case suffixes", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Case suffixes", "Yakut": "Case suffixes", "Yingkarta": "Case suffixes", "Yokuts (Yaudanchi)": "Case suffixes", "Yoruba": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Yup'ik (Central)": "Case suffixes", "Yukaghir (Tundra)": "Case suffixes", "Yuchi": "Case suffixes", "Yukulta": "Case suffixes", "Yulu": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Yurok": "Case suffixes", "Yuwaalaraay": "Case suffixes", "Yawelmani": "Case suffixes", "Yawuru": "Inpositional clitics", "Yaygir": "Case suffixes", "Beria": "Postpositional clitics", "Zapotec (Isthmus)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Zande": "Case suffixes", "Zapotec (Mitla)": "Case prefixes", "Zayse": "Case suffixes", "Zhuang (Northern)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics", "Zaparo": "Case suffixes", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Case suffixes", "Zoque (Ostuacan)": "Case suffixes", "Popoluca (Sierra)": "Case suffixes", "Zulu": "Case prefixes", "Zuni": "Case suffixes", "Zapotec (Zoogocho)": "Neither case affixes nor adpositional clitics" }
52A
Comitatives and Instrumentals
Nominal Categories
How are comitative and instrumental relations expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Identity; Differentiation; Mixed
{ "Abkhaz": "Differentiation", "Achagua": "Differentiation", "Acholi": "Identity", "Acoma": "Differentiation", "Andoke": "Identity", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Differentiation", "Afrikaans": "Identity", "Anguthimri": "Differentiation", "Ainu": "Differentiation", "Alamblak": "Differentiation", "Albanian": "Identity", "Aleut": "Mixed", "Alyawarra": "Differentiation", "Amele": "Differentiation", "Arabic (Gulf)": "Differentiation", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Differentiation", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Differentiation", "Arrernte": "Differentiation", "Auyana": "Differentiation", "Avar": "Differentiation", "Awtuw": "Identity", "Aymara (Central)": "Identity", "Bagirmi": "Differentiation", "Xiriana": "Differentiation", "Baka (in Cameroon)": "Identity", "Bambara": "Mixed", "Bari": "Identity", "Bisa": "Differentiation", "Bikol": "Identity", "Blackfoot": "Differentiation", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Differentiation", "Binumarien": "Differentiation", "Berber (Wargla)": "Differentiation", "Breton": "Identity", "Brahui": "Differentiation", "Barasano": "Identity", "Basque": "Differentiation", "Burushaski": "Differentiation", "Carib": "Differentiation", "Chocho": "Identity", "Cocopa": "Identity", "Cèmuhî": "Differentiation", "Chukchi": "Differentiation", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Identity", "Chemehuevi": "Differentiation", "Comanche": "Differentiation", "Comox": "Identity", "Cogui": "Differentiation", "Chol": "Identity", "Comorian": "Differentiation", "Coos (Hanis)": "Mixed", "Cora": "Differentiation", "Chiriguano": "Differentiation", "Catalan": "Identity", "Dahalo": "Differentiation", "Damana": "Differentiation", "Desano": "Differentiation", "Dagur": "Differentiation", "Dumi": "Differentiation", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Differentiation", "Drehu": "Differentiation", "Danish": "Identity", "Dullay (Gollango)": "Differentiation", "Efik": "Differentiation", "Enga": "Differentiation", "English": "Identity", "Estonian": "Identity", "Evenki": "Differentiation", "Even": "Differentiation", "Ewe": "Identity", "Fijian": "Differentiation", "Finnish": "Differentiation", "Fulfulde (Nigerian)": "Differentiation", "Fongbe": "Mixed", "French": "Identity", "Fur": "Identity", "Futuna-Aniwa": "Identity", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "Identity", "Gadsup": "Differentiation", "Georgian": "Mixed", "German": "Identity", "Gunin": "Differentiation", "Goajiro": "Differentiation", "Gola": "Differentiation", "Gondi": "Differentiation", "Gooniyandi": "Differentiation", "Garífuna": "Mixed", "Guarijío": "Differentiation", "Greek (Modern)": "Identity", "Greenlandic (West)": "Differentiation", "Guaraní": "Differentiation", "Gumbaynggir": "Differentiation", "Guugu Yimidhirr": "Differentiation", "Haida": "Mixed", "Hausa": "Identity", "Hawaiian": "Mixed", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Identity", "Hindi": "Differentiation", "Hixkaryana": "Differentiation", "Ho": "Differentiation", "Hua": "Differentiation", "Huichol": "Differentiation", "Hungarian": "Mixed", "Hupa": "Differentiation", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "Differentiation", "Hunzib": "Differentiation", "Icelandic": "Mixed", "Inga": "Identity", "Ila": "Identity", "Imonda": "Differentiation", "Indonesian": "Mixed", "Irish": "Identity", "Iraqw": "Mixed", "Italian": "Identity", "Itelmen": "Differentiation", "Jakaltek": "Differentiation", "Japanese": "Differentiation", "Ju|'hoan": "Identity", "Kambera": "Differentiation", "Kâte": "Differentiation", "Kayardild": "Differentiation", "Koyra Chiini": "Mixed", "Kera": "Identity", "Ket": "Identity", "Khalkha": "Differentiation", "Khalaj": "Identity", "Khmer": "Differentiation", "Nama": "Identity", "Kharia": "Differentiation", "Khasi": "Differentiation", "Kinyarwanda": "Differentiation", "Kisi": "Identity", "Kilivila": "Differentiation", "Kamass": "Identity", "Kannada": "Differentiation", "Kaingang": "Differentiation", "Kunama": "Differentiation", "Kanuri": "Differentiation", "Koasati": "Differentiation", "Kobon": "Differentiation", "Koiari": "Differentiation", "Korean": "Differentiation", "Koya": "Mixed", "Karok": "Differentiation", "Krongo": "Differentiation", "Koryak": "Differentiation", "Kott": "Differentiation", "Khanty": "Identity", "Kurukh": "Differentiation", "Kanjobal (Western)": "Differentiation", "Kwami": "Differentiation", "Kwamera": "Identity", "Kxoe": "Differentiation", "Komi-Zyrian": "Mixed", "Ladakhi": "Differentiation", "Lahu": "Differentiation", "Lak": "Differentiation", "Lango": "Mixed", "Latvian": "Identity", "Laz": "Differentiation", "Ladin": "Identity", "Lese": "Differentiation", "Lezgian": "Differentiation", "Luangiua": "Identity", "Limbu": "Differentiation", "Lithuanian": "Mixed", "Lakhota": "Differentiation", "Lugbara": "Differentiation", "Luiseño": "Differentiation", "Luo": "Differentiation", "Mari (Hill)": "Differentiation", "Maori": "Differentiation", "Mapudungun": "Differentiation", "Maninka (Western)": "Differentiation", "Meithei": "Differentiation", "Mangghuer": "Differentiation", "Marathi": "Identity", "Mbalanhu": "Identity", "Manjaku": "Differentiation", "Maltese": "Differentiation", "Mamvu": "Differentiation", "Manchu": "Differentiation", "Mandarin": "Differentiation", "Maidu (Northeast)": "Differentiation", "Mansi": "Mixed", "Mono-Alu": "Differentiation", "Moghol": "Identity", "Mokilese": "Identity", "Marind": "Differentiation", "Margi": "Differentiation", "Martuthunira": "Differentiation", "Muruwari": "Differentiation", "Marshallese": "Differentiation", "Masalit": "Identity", "Mundari": "Differentiation", "Mupun": "Differentiation", "Mixtec (Atatlahuca)": "Identity", "Mangarrayi": "Differentiation", "Mayo": "Differentiation", "Mazatec (Chiquihuitlán)": "Identity", "Nahali": "Differentiation", "Nandi": "Differentiation", "Navajo": "Differentiation", "Ngiyambaa": "Differentiation", "Ngalakan": "Mixed", "Nivkh": "Differentiation", "Nukuoro": "Differentiation", "Nahuatl (Mecayapan Isthmus)": "Differentiation", "Nobiin": "Differentiation", "Norwegian": "Identity", "Ngiti": "Differentiation", "Nenets": "Mixed", "Newar (Dolakha)": "Differentiation", "Nyawaygi": "Differentiation", "Nyulnyul": "Mixed", "Oromo (Harar)": "Differentiation", "Otomí (Sierra)": "Differentiation", "Oromo (West-Central)": "Mixed", "Páez": "Differentiation", "Paiwan": "Differentiation", "Palauan": "Differentiation", "Pengo": "Mixed", "Pero": "Differentiation", "Piaroa": "Differentiation", "Pipil": "Identity", "Polish": "Differentiation", "Portuguese": "Identity", "Pitta Pitta": "Differentiation", "Pirahã": "Differentiation", "Persian": "Identity", "Popoloca (San Juan Atzingo)": "Differentiation", "Purépecha": "Differentiation", "Qawasqar": "Differentiation", "Quechua (Ayacucho)": "Mixed", "Quiché": "Differentiation", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Identity", "Rapanui": "Differentiation", "Romani (Bugurdzi)": "Identity", "Romansch": "Identity", "Romanian": "Identity", "Russian": "Mixed", "Samoan": "Differentiation", "Sango": "Identity", "Shona": "Differentiation", "Siuslaw": "Differentiation", "Slave": "Differentiation", "Saliba (in Papua New Guinea)": "Differentiation", "Selepet": "Differentiation", "Saami (Northern)": "Identity", "So": "Differentiation", "Somali": "Differentiation", "Sora": "Identity", "Sre": "Mixed", "Sorbian (Lower)": "Identity", "Saramaccan": "Mixed", "Shinassha": "Differentiation", "Supyire": "Mixed", "Susu": "Identity", "Swahili": "Differentiation", "Swedish": "Identity", "Salt-Yui": "Differentiation", "Tagalog": "Differentiation", "Tahitian": "Differentiation", "Tashlhiyt": "Differentiation", "Tauya": "Differentiation", "Tabassaran": "Differentiation", "Tubu": "Differentiation", "Telugu": "Differentiation", "Tera": "Identity", "Tigak": "Identity", "Thai": "Differentiation", "Tikar": "Identity", "Tinrin": "Differentiation", "Tokelauan": "Differentiation", "Takelma": "Mixed", "Tlingit": "Differentiation", "Tlapanec": "Identity", "Tamil": "Differentiation", "Tongan": "Differentiation", "Toqabaqita": "Differentiation", "Trique (Copala)": "Differentiation", "Tairora": "Differentiation", "Trumai": "Differentiation", "Tuareg (Ahaggar)": "Differentiation", "Tupi": "Differentiation", "Turkish": "Identity", "Totonac (Xicotepec de Juárez)": "Differentiation", "Ubykh": "Differentiation", "Udi": "Differentiation", "Udmurt": "Identity", "Uradhi": "Differentiation", "Una": "Differentiation", "Urdu": "Differentiation", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Differentiation", "Urak Lawoi'": "Identity", "Usarufa": "Differentiation", "Uzbek": "Mixed", "Vai": "Differentiation", "Venda": "Differentiation", "Votic": "Mixed", "Wangkumara": "Differentiation", "Wayampi": "Differentiation", "Wichí": "Differentiation", "Welsh": "Mixed", "Wintu": "Differentiation", "Warao": "Differentiation", "Warrgamay": "Differentiation", "Warrwa": "Differentiation", "Waskia": "Differentiation", "/Xam": "Identity", "Yaqui": "Differentiation", "Yucatec": "Identity", "Yelî Dnye": "Differentiation", "Yir Yoront": "Differentiation", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Differentiation", "Yakut": "Differentiation", "Yoruba": "Differentiation", "Yup'ik (Central)": "Differentiation", "Yukulta": "Differentiation", "Zazaki": "Identity", "Zoque (Chimalapa)": "Differentiation", "Zapotec (Yatzachi)": "Mixed" }
53A
Ordinal Numerals
Nominal Categories
How are ordinal numerals formed in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Zero - Ordinal numerals do not exist; One - No distinction of cardinal and ordinal numerals; First - Cardinal and ordinal numerals are identical except for 'one' and 'first'; Ordinals are derived from cardinals; All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'; Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive; First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive; Other solutions
{ "Abkhaz": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Arabana": "Zero - Ordinal numerals do not exist", "Achí": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Acoma": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Afrikaans": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Angolar": "First - Cardinal and ordinal numerals are identical except for 'one' and 'first'", "Ainu": "Zero - Ordinal numerals do not exist", "Alamblak": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Albanian": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Aleut": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Amele": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Arabic (Moroccan)": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Apurinã": "Zero - Ordinal numerals do not exist", "Arabic (Gulf)": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Zero - Ordinal numerals do not exist", "Armenian (Western)": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Avar": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Awa Pit": "Zero - Ordinal numerals do not exist", "Awtuw": "Zero - Ordinal numerals do not exist", "Aymara (Central)": "First - Cardinal and ordinal numerals are identical except for 'one' and 'first'", "Azerbaijani": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Baka (in Cameroon)": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Bambara": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Bengali": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Blackfoot": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Belorussian": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Bankon": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Breton": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Brahui": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Burmese": "Other solutions", "Barasano": "Zero - Ordinal numerals do not exist", "Bashkir": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Bislama": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Basque": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Bubi": "First - Cardinal and ordinal numerals are identical except for 'one' and 'first'", "Bulgarian": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Burushaski": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Cahuilla": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Cakchiquel": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Carib": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Chocho": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Cebuano": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Cèmuhî": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Chamorro": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Chukchi": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Chuvash": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Zero - Ordinal numerals do not exist", "Canela": "Zero - Ordinal numerals do not exist", "Cantonese": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Cogui": "Other solutions", "Chortí": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Chol": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Coptic": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Cora": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Chiriguano": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Catalan": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Cayuvava": "Zero - Ordinal numerals do not exist", "Czech": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Diola-Fogny": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Dumi": "Zero - Ordinal numerals do not exist", "Drehu": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Danish": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Duala": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Dutch": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "English": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Estonian": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Evenki": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Even": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Ewe": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Ewondo": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Faroese": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Frisian (Eastern)": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Fijian": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Finnish": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Fulfulde (Nigerian)": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Frisian (North)": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "French": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Frisian (Western)": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Gaelic (Scots)": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Garo": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Guinea Bissau Crioulo": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Georgian": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "German": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Galician": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Goajiro": "First - Cardinal and ordinal numerals are identical except for 'one' and 'first'", "Gola": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Gooniyandi": "Zero - Ordinal numerals do not exist", "Grebo": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Greenlandic (East)": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Garífuna": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Greek (Modern)": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Gurenne": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Greenlandic (West)": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Guaraní": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Gujarati": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Hausa": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Hawaiian": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Haitian Creole": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Herero": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Hindi": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Hixkaryana": "Zero - Ordinal numerals do not exist", "Hopi": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Hungarian": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Hunzib": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Icelandic": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Igbo": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Ika": "Zero - Ordinal numerals do not exist", "Imonda": "Zero - Ordinal numerals do not exist", "Indonesian": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Ingush": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Irish": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Iraqw": "First - Cardinal and ordinal numerals are identical except for 'one' and 'first'", "Italian": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Itelmen": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Ixil": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Izhor": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Jakaltek": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Japanese": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Kashmiri": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Kayardild": "Zero - Ordinal numerals do not exist", "Kazakh": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "K'ekchí": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Kera": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Ket": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Kewa": "Other solutions", "Kirghiz": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Khalkha": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Khmer": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Nama": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Khasi": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Kisi": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Kurmanji": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Kilivila": "Other solutions", "Kalmyk": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Kamass": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Kannada": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Kunama": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Kanuri": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Koasati": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Kobon": "Zero - Ordinal numerals do not exist", "Kodava": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Koiari": "Zero - Ordinal numerals do not exist", "Korean": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Kpelle": "One - No distinction of cardinal and ordinal numerals", "Karelian": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Krongo": "One - No distinction of cardinal and ordinal numerals", "Koyraboro Senni": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Kashubian": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Kott": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Khanty": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Kunming": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Kuot": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Kurukh": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Kuvi": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Kanjobal (Western)": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Kwami": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Kwamera": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Komi-Zyrian": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Ladakhi": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Lango": "First - Cardinal and ordinal numerals are identical except for 'one' and 'first'", "Latvian": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Ladin": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Lese": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Lezgian": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Low German": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Limbu": "Zero - Ordinal numerals do not exist", "Lithuanian": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Liv": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Lakhota": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Ladino": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Luo": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Luvale": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Macushi": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Mari (Hill)": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Malagasy": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Mam": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Maori": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Mapudungun": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Maninka (Western)": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Maybrat": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Macedonian": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Meithei": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Manjaku": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Malacca Creole": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Maltese": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Malay": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Mamvu": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Manchu": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Mandarin": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Mansi": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Martinique Creole": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Mara": "Zero - Ordinal numerals do not exist", "Marind": "Zero - Ordinal numerals do not exist", "Martuthunira": "Zero - Ordinal numerals do not exist", "Marshallese": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Masalit": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Mundari": "First - Cardinal and ordinal numerals are identical except for 'one' and 'first'", "Mupun": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Mixtec (Atatlahuca)": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Zero - Ordinal numerals do not exist", "Mangarrayi": "Zero - Ordinal numerals do not exist", "Malayalam": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Mazatec (Chiquihuitlán)": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Nandi": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Navajo": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Ndyuka": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Nez Perce": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Ngiyambaa": "Zero - Ordinal numerals do not exist", "Nivkh": "First - Cardinal and ordinal numerals are identical except for 'one' and 'first'", "Nobiin": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Noghay": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Norwegian": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Ngiti": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Nenets": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Nunggubuyu": "Zero - Ordinal numerals do not exist", "Nyamwezi": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Occitan": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Otomí (Ixtenco)": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Oromo (Boraana)": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Oromo (Harar)": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Ossetic": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Oromo (West-Central)": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Paiwan": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Palauan": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Papiamentu": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Poqomam": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Pero": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Piaroa": "Other solutions", "Polish": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Portuguese": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Príncipense": "First - Cardinal and ordinal numerals are identical except for 'one' and 'first'", "Persian": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Pashto": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Popoloca (San Juan Atzingo)": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Quechua (Ayacucho)": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Quechua (Ecuadorean)": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Rapanui": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Romani (Kalderash)": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Romansch": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Romanian": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Russian": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Samoan": "First - Cardinal and ordinal numerals are identical except for 'one' and 'first'", "Sapuan": "One - No distinction of cardinal and ordinal numerals", "Serbian-Croatian": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Sesotho": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Seychelles Creole": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Shona": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Slave": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Saliba (in Papua New Guinea)": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Slovene": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Seneca": "Zero - Ordinal numerals do not exist", "Sinhala": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Saami (Northern)": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "So": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Somali": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Sorbian (Upper)": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Spanish": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Squamish": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Sardinian": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Sorbian (Lower)": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Shinassha": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Supyire": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Susu": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Slovak": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Swahili": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Swedish": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Taba": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Tagalog": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Tahitian": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Tauya": "Zero - Ordinal numerals do not exist", "Thai": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Tinrin": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Tiwi": "Zero - Ordinal numerals do not exist", "Turkmen": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Tamil": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Tommo So": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Turkana": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Tojolabal": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Tok Pisin": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Trumai": "Zero - Ordinal numerals do not exist", "Tsakhur": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Tukang Besi": "First - Cardinal and ordinal numerals are identical except for 'one' and 'first'", "Turkish": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Tuvan": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Tatar": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Totonac (Xicotepec de Juárez)": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Tzotzil": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Ukrainian": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Una": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Usan": "Other solutions", "Ute": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Uyghur": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Uzbek": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Veps": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Vietnamese": "Other solutions", "Votic": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Wari'": "Zero - Ordinal numerals do not exist", "Welsh": "First' and a small set of consecutive higher ordinal numerals are suppletive", "Wolof": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Wolaytta": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Warao": "First - Cardinal and ordinal numerals are identical except for 'one' and 'first'", "Wardaman": "Zero - Ordinal numerals do not exist", "!Xóõ": "Zero - Ordinal numerals do not exist", "Yaqui": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Yimas": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Yakut": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Yoruba": "Ordinals are derived from cardinals", "Yup'ik (Central)": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'", "Zazaki": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Zulu": "Ordinal numerals from 'two' upwards are derived from cardinal numerals, 'first' is suppletive", "Zapotec (Yatzachi)": "All ordinal numerals are derived from cardinal numerals with different allomorphs for 'first' one of which is morphologically independent of 'one'" }
54A
Distributive Numerals
Nominal Categories
How are distributive numerals expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language?
No distributive numerals; Marked by reduplication; Marked by prefix; Marked by suffix; Marked by preceding word; Marked by following word; Marked by mixed or other strategies
{ "Abkhaz": "Marked by mixed or other strategies", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "No distributive numerals", "Afrikaans": "No distributive numerals", "Aghul": "Marked by mixed or other strategies", "Angami": "Marked by reduplication", "Ainu": "Marked by following word", "Akan": "Marked by reduplication", "Arabic (Kormakiti)": "No distributive numerals", "Albanian": "Marked by preceding word", "Aleut": "Marked by suffix", "Alas": "Marked by reduplication", "Amele": "No distributive numerals", "Amharic": "Marked by reduplication", "Amis": "No distributive numerals", "Ambae (Lolovoli Northeast)": "Marked by reduplication", "Andi": "Marked by reduplication", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Marked by mixed or other strategies", "Arabic (San'ani)": "No distributive numerals", "Assamese": "Marked by reduplication", "Atayal": "No distributive numerals", "Balinese": "Marked by reduplication", "Batak": "Marked by mixed or other strategies", "Begak-Ida'an": "No distributive numerals", "Bengali": "Marked by reduplication", "Bezhta": "Marked by reduplication", "Bagvalal": "Marked by reduplication", "Bilaan (Koronadal)": "Marked by prefix", "Binukid": "Marked by prefix", "Batak (Karo)": "No distributive numerals", "Boko": "Marked by reduplication", "Bura-Pabir": "Marked by reduplication", "Brahui": "Marked by reduplication", "Burmese": "Marked by suffix", "Bashkir": "Marked by suffix", "Basque": "Marked by suffix", "Bontok": "Marked by mixed or other strategies", "Bugis": "Marked by prefix", "Bulgarian": "Marked by preceding word", "Burushaski": "Marked by reduplication", "Buriat": "Marked by suffix", "Cahuilla": "Marked by reduplication", "Chamorro": "Marked by mixed or other strategies", "Chukchi": "Marked by mixed or other strategies", "Chuvash": "Marked by suffix", "Chontal (Huamelultec Oaxaca)": "No distributive numerals", "Comanche": "Marked by reduplication", "Cantonese": "No distributive numerals", "Cayuvava": "Marked by suffix", "Czech": "Marked by preceding word", "Dutch (Brabantic)": "No distributive numerals", "Dogri": "Marked by reduplication", "Dutch (Limburg)": "No distributive numerals", "Dargwa": "Marked by reduplication", "Dutch": "No distributive numerals", "Dutch (Zeeuws)": "No distributive numerals", "English": "No distributive numerals", "Erromangan": "Marked by suffix", "Evenki": "Marked by suffix", "Fijian": "Marked by prefix", "Finnish": "No distributive numerals", "Pulaar": "No distributive numerals", "Fox": "Marked by reduplication", "French": "No distributive numerals", "Futuna (East)": "Marked by prefix", "Gã": "Marked by reduplication", "Gagauz": "Marked by suffix", "Garo": "Marked by reduplication", "German (Upper Austrian)": "No distributive numerals", "Gavião": "No distributive numerals", "German (Bavarian)": "No distributive numerals", "German (Bern)": "Marked by preceding word", "German (Berlin)": "No distributive numerals", "Guduf": "Marked by reduplication", "Georgian": "Marked by reduplication", "German": "Marked by preceding word", "German (Hannover)": "No distributive numerals", "German (Mansfeldisch)": "No distributive numerals", "Gooniyandi": "No distributive numerals", "German (Ostschweiz)": "Marked by preceding word", "German (Appenzell)": "Marked by preceding word", "Greek (Modern)": "Marked by preceding word", "German (Ripuarian)": "No distributive numerals", "German (Thurgau)": "Marked by preceding word", "German (Thuringian)": "No distributive numerals", "German (Timisoara)": "Marked by preceding word", "German (Westphalian)": "No distributive numerals", "German (Zurich)": "Marked by preceding word", "Haida": "Marked by suffix", "Hausa": "Marked by reduplication", "Hawaiian": "Marked by prefix", "Hebrew (Modern)": "No distributive numerals", "Hiligaynon": "Marked by prefix", "Hindi": "Marked by reduplication", "Hixkaryana": "No distributive numerals", "Hanunóo": "Marked by prefix", "Min (Southern)": "No distributive numerals", "Hup": "No distributive numerals", "Hungarian": "Marked by reduplication", "Hunzib": "Marked by reduplication", "Ibanag": "Marked by prefix", "Imonda": "No distributive numerals", "Indonesian": "No distributive numerals", "Ingush": "Marked by reduplication", "Iraqw": "Marked by reduplication", "Ishkashimi": "Marked by suffix", "Isnag": "Marked by prefix", "Italian (Turinese)": "No distributive numerals", "Ivatan": "Marked by prefix", "Javanese": "Marked by mixed or other strategies", "Japanese": "Marked by suffix", "Kabardian": "Marked by mixed or other strategies", "Kashmiri": "Marked by reduplication", "Kayardild": "Marked by mixed or other strategies", "Kabui": "Marked by reduplication", "Koyra Chiini": "Marked by reduplication", "Kefa": "Marked by reduplication", "Ket": "Marked by suffix", "Kirghiz": "Marked by suffix", "Khalkha": "Marked by suffix", "Khakas": "Marked by suffix", "Kharia": "Marked by reduplication", "Korku": "Marked by reduplication", "Kalam": "No distributive numerals", "Kilivila": "No distributive numerals", "Kombai": "No distributive numerals", "Khmu'": "No distributive numerals", "Kannada": "Marked by reduplication", "Kodava": "Marked by reduplication", "Koiari": "Marked by reduplication", "Kongo": "Marked by reduplication", "Korean": "Marked by suffix", "Kiribati": "Marked by prefix", "Kurdish (Central)": "Marked by reduplication", "Khanty": "Marked by suffix", "Kurukh": "Marked by reduplication", "Kutenai": "No distributive numerals", "Kutai": "Marked by reduplication", "Kwakw'ala": "Marked by reduplication", "Kanyok": "Marked by reduplication", "Lak": "Marked by reduplication", "Latvian": "Marked by preceding word", "Lachi": "No distributive numerals", "Lezgian": "Marked by reduplication", "Lithuanian": "Marked by preceding word", "Loven": "No distributive numerals", "Luo": "Marked by reduplication", "Malagasy": "Marked by following word", "Maori": "Marked by prefix", "Maricopa": "Marked by suffix", "Maybrat": "No distributive numerals", "Mende": "Marked by reduplication", "Meithei": "Marked by reduplication", "Magindanao": "Marked by suffix", "Marathi": "Marked by reduplication", "Minangkabau": "Marked by reduplication", "Mituku": "Marked by reduplication", "Mlabri (Minor)": "No distributive numerals", "Mordvin (Moksha)": "Marked by mixed or other strategies", "Malay (Ulu Muar)": "Marked by reduplication", "Manchu": "Marked by suffix", "Mandarin": "No distributive numerals", "Maidu (Northeast)": "Marked by reduplication", "Mordvin (Erzya)": "Marked by mixed or other strategies", "Margi": "Marked by reduplication", "Martuthunira": "No distributive numerals", "Marshallese": "Marked by mixed or other strategies", "Mundari": "Marked by reduplication", "Malayalam": "Marked by reduplication", "Ma'anyan": "Marked by reduplication", "Nauruan": "Marked by prefix", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Marked by reduplication", "Nicobarese (Car)": "Marked by prefix", "Nelemwa": "No distributive numerals", "Nganasan": "Marked by suffix", "Nahuatl (North Puebla)": "Marked by reduplication", "Nias": "Marked by reduplication", "Nivkh": "Marked by mixed or other strategies", "Nubian (Kunuz)": "Marked by reduplication", "Nisgha": "Marked by prefix", "Nenets": "Marked by suffix", "Nivkh (South Sakhalin)": "Marked by mixed or other strategies", "Nyelâyu": "No distributive numerals", "Orok": "Marked by mixed or other strategies", "Ossetic": "Marked by suffix", "Pipil": "Marked by reduplication", "Pangasinan": "Marked by mixed or other strategies", "Polish": "Marked by preceding word", "Persian": "No distributive numerals", "Pashto": "Marked by reduplication", "Paite": "Marked by reduplication", "Quechua (Cuzco)": "Marked by suffix", "Quechua (Huallaga)": "Marked by following word", "Rendille": "Marked by reduplication", "Romanian": "Marked by preceding word", "Rotuman": "No distributive numerals", "Runyoro-Rutooro": "Marked by reduplication", "Russian": "Marked by preceding word", "Samoan": "Marked by prefix", "Sindhi": "Marked by reduplication", "Shipibo-Konibo": "No distributive numerals", "Saami (Kildin)": "Marked by reduplication", "Selkup": "Marked by following word", "Salar": "No distributive numerals", "Semelai": "No distributive numerals", "Spanish": "No distributive numerals", "Shinassha": "Marked by reduplication", "Santali": "Marked by mixed or other strategies", "Supyire": "Marked by reduplication", "Swahili": "Marked by reduplication", "Tagalog": "Marked by mixed or other strategies", "Tawala": "Marked by mixed or other strategies", "Tagbanwa (Aborlan)": "Marked by prefix", "Thai": "No distributive numerals", "Thadou": "Marked by reduplication", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "Marked by reduplication", "Tiwi": "Marked by suffix", "Tolai": "Marked by reduplication", "Tamil": "Marked by reduplication", "Tongan": "Marked by prefix", "Tepehuan (Northern)": "Marked by reduplication", "Tsakhur": "Marked by mixed or other strategies", "Tausug": "Marked by reduplication", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Marked by prefix", "Tsou": "Marked by prefix", "Tetun": "Marked by reduplication", "Tukang Besi": "No distributive numerals", "Turkish": "Marked by suffix", "Tuvan": "Marked by reduplication", "Tuvaluan": "Marked by preceding word", "Tatar": "Marked by suffix", "Udihe": "Marked by mixed or other strategies", "Ukrainian": "Marked by preceding word", "Uyghur": "Marked by suffix", "Vietnamese": "No distributive numerals", "Wai Wai": "Marked by following word", "Wari'": "No distributive numerals", "Washo": "Marked by reduplication", "Wallisian": "Marked by prefix", "Wolaytta": "Marked by reduplication", "Warao": "No distributive numerals", "Yiddish (Bessarabian)": "Marked by preceding word", "Yiddish (Lodz)": "Marked by preceding word", "Yessan-Mayo": "Marked by mixed or other strategies", "Yaghnobi": "Marked by suffix", "Yimas": "No distributive numerals", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "No distributive numerals", "Yakut": "Marked by suffix", "Yiddish (Lithuanian)": "Marked by preceding word", "Yami": "Marked by prefix", "Yemsa": "Marked by reduplication", "Yoruba": "Marked by reduplication" }
55A
Numeral Classifiers
Nominal Categories
Are numeral classifiers present in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Numeral classifiers are absent; Numeral classifiers are optional; Numeral classifiers are obligatory
{ "Abkhaz": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Arbore": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Abun": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Acoma": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Alagwa": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Ainu": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Arabic (Kormakiti)": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Alamblak": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Albanian": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Alune": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Ambulas": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Amele": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Amharic": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Amis": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Amarakaeri": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Ambae (Lolovoli Northeast)": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Arabic (Moroccan)": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Apurinã": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Lokono": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Arabela": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Arosi": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Armenian (Iranian)": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Assamese": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Atayal": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Athpare": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Atakapa": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Avar": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Awtuw": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Azerbaijani": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Baré": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Balinese": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Begak-Ida'an": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Belhare": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Bengali": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Bagvalal": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Biatah": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Sama (Southern)": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Batak (Karo)": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Baniva": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Boko": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Bora": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Brahui": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Baragaunle": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Burmese": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Basque": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Bulgarian": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Burushaski": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Buriat": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Capanahua": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Chumash (Barbareño)": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Choctaw": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Chamorro": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Chechen": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Chimariko": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Chukchi": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Chantyal": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Chuvash": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Cham (Western)": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Chontal (Huamelultec Oaxaca)": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Chayahuita": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Chumash (Ineseño)": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Chichimeca-Jonaz": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Chinook (Upper)": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Cham (Eastern)": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Canela": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Cantonese": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Coos (Hanis)": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Chepang": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Cree (Plains)": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Carrier": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Chitimacha": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Culina": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Chuukese": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Cayuvava": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Datooga": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Dení": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Dagaare": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Dizi": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Djingili": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Dobel": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Drehu": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Dargwa": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Dumo": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Dyirbal": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "English": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Epena Pedee": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Erromangan": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Evenki": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Eyak": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Fijian": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Finnish": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Pulaar": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "French": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Fur": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Futuna-Aniwa": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Gaagudju": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Garo": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Gavião": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Guduf": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Georgian": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "German": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Gilaki": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Gunin": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Gooniyandi": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Garrwa": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Guaraní": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Haida": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Hatam": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Hausa": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Hawaiian": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Hindi": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Hixkaryana": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Hmong Daw": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Min (Southern)": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Hup": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Hua": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Hungarian": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Hyow": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Hunzib": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Iaai": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Igbo": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Ika": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Imonda": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Indonesian": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Ingush": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Iraqw": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Jahai": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Jakaltek": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Jaminjung": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Jaqaru": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Javanese": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Jivaro": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Jamamadi": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Japanese": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Ju|'hoan": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Komering": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Kambera": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Kana": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Kâte": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Kayan (Baram)": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Koyra Chiini": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Kei": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Keo": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Kenyah (Uma' Lung)": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Kewa": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Koromfe": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Khalkha": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Khmer": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Nama": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Kharia": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Khumi": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Kiowa": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Kiwai (Southern)": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Korku": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Klamath": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Kalapuya": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Kelabit": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Kilivila": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Kombai": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Kham": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Khmu'": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Kannada": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Kanuri": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Konua": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Kobon": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Koiari": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Korean": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Kosraean": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Kota": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Kpelle": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Kiribati": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Korafe": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Karok": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Ketapang": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Kualan": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Kutenai": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Kwaza": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Komi-Zyrian": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Lahu": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Lai": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Lango": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Latvian": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Lachi": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Luganda": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Leti": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Lezgian": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Limbu": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Lakhota": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Loniu": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Loven": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Larike": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Lucazi": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Lun Dayeh": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Lugbara": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Luiseño": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Luo": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Luri": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Maasai": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Malagasy": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Mapudungun": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Maricopa": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Maung": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Maybrat": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Mbugu": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Mende": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Mandinka": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Mandan": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Me'en": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Melanau": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Marathi": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Mah Meri": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Minangkabau": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Miskito": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Mituku": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Miya": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Makassar": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Máku": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Mali": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Malakmalak": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Molala": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Mlabri (Minor)": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Mandarin": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Maidu (Northeast)": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Mandar": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Mordvin (Erzya)": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Mokilese": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Mosetén": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Margi": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Martuthunira": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Muisca": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Magar (Syangja)": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Mupun": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Mundurukú": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Mangarrayi": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Malayalam": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Mazanderani": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Nahali": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Nanai": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Neo-Aramaic (Arbel Jewish)": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Nasioi": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Nauruan": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Navajo": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Nicobarese (Car)": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Ndyuka": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Nelemwa": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Newari (Kathmandu)": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Ngad'a": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Ngiyambaa": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Ngarinyman": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Ngizim": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Nivkh": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Napu": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Narom": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Nenets": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Nunggubuyu": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Nivkh (South Sakhalin)": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Nyelâyu": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Nyulnyul": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Ocaina": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "O'odham": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Orejón": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Oromo (Harar)": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Orig": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Padoe": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Paumarí": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Pima Bajo": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Piaroa": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Pileni": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Pipil": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Piro": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Palikur": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Paiute (Northern)": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Panare": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Pohnpeian": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Paresi": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Pirahã": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Persian": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Purépecha": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Paiute (Southern)": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Pawnee": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Quechua (Cuzco)": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Quechua (Huallaga)": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Quileute": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Rapanui": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Russian-Chinese Pidgin (Birobidjan)": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Remo": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Runyoro-Rutooro": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Romani (Sepecides)": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Rukai (Tanan)": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Russian": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Salinan": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Samoan": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Sawu": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Sandawe": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Seediq": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Sesotho": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Shasta": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Simeulue": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Siona": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Siuslaw": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Semandang": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Semelai": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Seneca": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Sinhala": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Sanuma": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Sentani": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "So": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Santali": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Suena": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Sulka": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Supyire": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Swahili": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Swati": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Salt-Yui": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Taba": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Tagalog": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Tawala": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Tuareg (Ghat)": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Thai": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Thompson": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Tehit": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Tidore": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Timugon": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Tiwi": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Takelma": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Tolai": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Telefol": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Tlingit": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Taulil": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Temiar": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Tongan": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Tunen": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Toba": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Tol": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Tonkawa": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Toqabaqita": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Southern Toussian": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Totonac (Papantla)": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Tepehuan (Southeastern)": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Teribe": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Terêna": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Tsou": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Tetun": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Tati (Southern)": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Tucano": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Tukang Besi": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Tunica": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Turkish": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Tuvan": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Tuyuca": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Tuvaluan": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Tatar": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Tzeltal": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Uradhi": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Ulithian": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Ungarinjin": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Ura": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Vafsi": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Vietnamese": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Waorani": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Wappo": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Wari'": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Washo": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Wembawemba": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Waigali": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Wintu": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Worora": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Warekena": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Warndarang": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Waurá": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "/Xam": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "!Xóõ": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Yagua": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Yapese": "Numeral classifiers are optional", "Yucatec": "Numeral classifiers are obligatory", "Yessan-Mayo": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Yidiny": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Yimas": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Yami": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Yingkarta": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Yoruba": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Yuchi": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Yukulta": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Yawelmani": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Zulu": "Numeral classifiers are absent", "Zuni": "Numeral classifiers are absent" }
56A
Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers
Nominal Categories
How are conjunctions and universal quantifiers expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Formally different; Formally similar, not involving interrogative expression; Formally similar, involving interrogative expression
{ "Abun": "Formally similar, not involving interrogative expression", "Ainu": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Amele": "Formally similar, not involving interrogative expression", "Arabic (Moroccan)": "Formally different", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Formally different", "Arabic (Borno Nigerian)": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Athpare": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Baré": "Formally different", "Begak-Ida'an": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Belhare": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Bagvalal": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Batak (Karo)": "Formally similar, not involving interrogative expression", "Brahui": "Formally different", "Burmese": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Bashkir": "Formally similar, not involving interrogative expression", "Basque": "Formally different", "Buriat": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Chukchi": "Formally similar, not involving interrogative expression", "Cantonese": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Dargwa": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Dutch": "Formally similar, not involving interrogative expression", "English": "Formally similar, not involving interrogative expression", "Epena Pedee": "Formally different", "Evenki": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Finnish": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "French": "Formally different", "Gaagudju": "Formally different", "Georgian": "Formally different", "Gooniyandi": "Formally similar, not involving interrogative expression", "Haida": "Formally different", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Formally similar, not involving interrogative expression", "Hindi": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Hixkaryana": "Formally different", "Hup": "Formally similar, not involving interrogative expression", "Haisla": "Formally similar, not involving interrogative expression", "Hungarian": "Formally similar, not involving interrogative expression", "Hunzib": "Formally different", "Ika": "Formally different", "Imonda": "Formally similar, not involving interrogative expression", "Indonesian": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Ingush": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Iraqw": "Formally similar, not involving interrogative expression", "Jaminjung": "Formally different", "Jaqaru": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Javanese": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Japanese": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Kayardild": "Formally similar, not involving interrogative expression", "Koyra Chiini": "Formally different", "Konda": "Formally similar, not involving interrogative expression", "Koromfe": "Formally similar, not involving interrogative expression", "Khalkha": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Khmer": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Nama": "Formally different", "Korku": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Kannada": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Kanuri": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Koiari": "Formally similar, not involving interrogative expression", "Kutenai": "Formally different", "Lango": "Formally different", "Latvian": "Formally different", "Lezgian": "Formally similar, not involving interrogative expression", "Lü": "Formally similar, not involving interrogative expression", "Malagasy": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Maori": "Formally different", "Maricopa": "Formally different", "Maung": "Formally different", "Maybrat": "Formally different", "Meithei": "Formally similar, not involving interrogative expression", "Marathi": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Minangkabau": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Mandarin": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Mosetén": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Margi": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Malayalam": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Formally different", "Ndyuka": "Formally different", "Ngizim": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Formally different", "Nivkh": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Nivkh (South Sakhalin)": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Nyulnyul": "Formally similar, not involving interrogative expression", "Panjabi": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Pima Bajo": "Formally different", "Pengo": "Formally similar, not involving interrogative expression", "Panare": "Formally different", "Persian": "Formally similar, not involving interrogative expression", "Quechua (Huallaga)": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Formally different", "Sawu": "Formally different", "Sesotho": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Formally similar, not involving interrogative expression", "Semelai": "Formally different", "Supyire": "Formally similar, not involving interrogative expression", "Taba": "Formally similar, not involving interrogative expression", "Tagalog": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Tamang (Eastern)": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Tawala": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Telugu": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Thai": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Tiwi": "Formally different", "Tamil": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Tepehuan (Southeastern)": "Formally different", "Teribe": "Formally different", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Formally similar, not involving interrogative expression", "Tukang Besi": "Formally different", "Turkish": "Formally different", "Tatar": "Formally similar, not involving interrogative expression", "Uzbek": "Formally similar, not involving interrogative expression", "Vafsi": "Formally different", "Vietnamese": "Formally similar, involving interrogative expression", "Wari'": "Formally different", "Washo": "Formally different", "Yidiny": "Formally similar, not involving interrogative expression", "Yimas": "Formally different", "Yakut": "Formally similar, not involving interrogative expression", "Zulu": "Formally similar, not involving interrogative expression" }
57A
Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes
Nominal Categories
Where are pronominal possessive affixes positioned in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Possessive prefixes; Possessive suffixes; Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary; No possessive affixes
{ "Aari": "No possessive affixes", "Abipón": "Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary", "Abkhaz": "Possessive prefixes", "Abui": "Possessive prefixes", "Acehnese": "No possessive affixes", "Achagua": "Possessive prefixes", "Acholi": "Possessive suffixes", "Acoma": "Possessive prefixes", "Achuar": "Possessive suffixes", "Adang": "Possessive prefixes", "Adioukrou": "No possessive affixes", "Adyghe (Abzakh)": "Possessive prefixes", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Possessive suffixes", "Agarabi": "Possessive prefixes", "Agta (Central)": "Possessive suffixes", "Aghem": "No possessive affixes", "Ainu": "Possessive prefixes", "Ajagbe": "Possessive suffixes", "Akan": "Possessive prefixes", "Alamblak": "No possessive affixes", "Albanian": "No possessive affixes", "Aleut": "Possessive suffixes", "Arop-Lokep": "Possessive suffixes", "Alune": "Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary", "Alsea": "Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary", "Alawa": "Possessive suffixes", "Alyawarra": "Possessive suffixes", "Amara": "Possessive suffixes", "Amahuaca": "Possessive prefixes", "Amele": "Possessive suffixes", "Amharic": "Possessive suffixes", "Ambae (Lolovoli Northeast)": "Possessive suffixes", "Amanab": "No possessive affixes", "Amo": "Possessive suffixes", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "Possessive suffixes", "Ambai": "Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary", "Arabic (Moroccan)": "Possessive suffixes", "Arabic (Modern Standard)": "Possessive suffixes", "Anamuxra": "Possessive prefixes", "Araona": "No possessive affixes", "Angas": "Possessive suffixes", "Anêm": "Possessive suffixes", "Anggor": "No possessive affixes", "Anejom": "Possessive suffixes", "Anindilyakwa": "Possessive suffixes", "Anufo": "No possessive affixes", "Ao": "Possessive prefixes", "Mufian": "No possessive affixes", "Apinayé": "Possessive prefixes", "Apalaí": "Possessive prefixes", "Apurinã": "Possessive prefixes", "Lokono": "Possessive prefixes", "Archi": "No possessive affixes", "Arabic (Gulf)": "Possessive suffixes", "Aribwatsa": "Possessive suffixes", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Possessive suffixes", "Arosi": "Possessive suffixes", "Arabic (Iraqi)": "Possessive suffixes", "Armenian (Western)": "Possessive suffixes", "Asmat": "No possessive affixes", "Arabic (Syrian)": "Possessive suffixes", "Athpare": "Possessive prefixes", "Atacameño": "Possessive prefixes", "Awa": "Possessive prefixes", "Aekyom": "Possessive prefixes", "Awa Pit": "No possessive affixes", "Awtuw": "No possessive affixes", "Aymara (Central)": "Possessive suffixes", "Ayomán": "Possessive prefixes", "Ayoreo": "Possessive prefixes", "Azerbaijani": "Possessive suffixes", "Azari (Iranian)": "Possessive suffixes", "Baré": "Possessive prefixes", "Bagirmi": "Possessive suffixes", "Bai": "No possessive affixes", "Baka (in Cameroon)": "Possessive suffixes", "Baure": "Possessive prefixes", "Bau": "Possessive suffixes", "Bawm": "No possessive affixes", "Barambu": "Possessive suffixes", "Berber (Chaouia)": "Possessive suffixes", "Bella Coola": "Possessive suffixes", "Beja": "Possessive suffixes", "Belhare": "Possessive prefixes", "Berta": "Possessive suffixes", "Berber (Figuig)": "Possessive suffixes", "Bongo": "Possessive suffixes", "Bagiro": "Possessive suffixes", "Bhojpuri": "No possessive affixes", "Bila": "Possessive suffixes", "Bidiya": "Possessive suffixes", "Binga": "Possessive suffixes", "Biri": "No possessive affixes", "Biak": "Possessive suffixes", "Bilua": "Possessive prefixes", "Binandere": "No possessive affixes", "Nai": "No possessive affixes", "Batak (Karo)": "Possessive suffixes", "Blackfoot": "Possessive prefixes", "Balangao": "Possessive suffixes", "Biloxi": "Possessive prefixes", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Possessive suffixes", "Burum": "Possessive suffixes", "Banoni": "Possessive suffixes", "Boazi (Kuni)": "Possessive prefixes", "Bodo": "Possessive prefixes", "Breton": "Possessive suffixes", "Berber (Rif)": "Possessive suffixes", "Brahui": "Possessive suffixes", "Bribri": "No possessive affixes", "Burunge": "Possessive suffixes", "Bororo": "Possessive prefixes", "Barasano": "No possessive affixes", "Baruya": "Possessive prefixes", "Berber (Siwa)": "Possessive suffixes", "Bashkir": "Possessive suffixes", "Basque": "No possessive affixes", "Betoi": "Possessive prefixes", "Bontok": "Possessive suffixes", "Batak (Toba)": "Possessive suffixes", "Burarra": "Possessive prefixes", "Buduma": "Possessive suffixes", "Bulgarian": "No possessive affixes", "Buin": "Possessive prefixes", "Burushaski": "Possessive prefixes", "Buriat": "Possessive suffixes", "Bali-Vitu": "Possessive suffixes", "Bajau (West Coast)": "Possessive suffixes", "Byansi": "No possessive affixes", "Cahuilla": "Possessive prefixes", "Chai": "Possessive suffixes", "Carib": "Possessive prefixes", "Cashibo": "No possessive affixes", "Campa (Axininca)": "Possessive prefixes", "Cayapa": "No possessive affixes", "Chumash (Barbareño)": "Possessive prefixes", "Chinantec (Comaltepec)": "Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary", "Choctaw": "Possessive prefixes", "Carib (De'kwana)": "Possessive prefixes", "Cèmuhî": "Possessive suffixes", "Chamorro": "Possessive suffixes", "Chechen": "No possessive affixes", "Cherokee": "Possessive prefixes", "Chang": "Possessive prefixes", "Chaha": "Possessive suffixes", "Chimariko": "Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary", "Chuj": "Possessive prefixes", "Chukchi": "No possessive affixes", "Chipewyan": "Possessive prefixes", "Chinantec (Quiotepec)": "Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary", "Chrau": "No possessive affixes", "Chin (Siyin)": "No possessive affixes", "Chuvash": "Possessive suffixes", "Chontal (Huamelultec Oaxaca)": "Possessive prefixes", "Chinook (Lower)": "Possessive prefixes", "Chaldean (Modern)": "Possessive suffixes", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary", "Cholón": "Possessive prefixes", "Chemehuevi": "Possessive suffixes", "Camling": "Possessive prefixes", "Comanche": "No possessive affixes", "Chin (Mara)": "No possessive affixes", "Comox": "Possessive prefixes", "Chontal Maya": "Possessive suffixes", "Canela": "Possessive prefixes", "Canamarí": "Possessive prefixes", "Cantonese": "No possessive affixes", "Coahuilteco": "Possessive prefixes", "Coeur d'Alene": "Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary", "Coos (Hanis)": "No possessive affixes", "Cora": "Possessive prefixes", "Chipaya": "No possessive affixes", "Chiquitano": "Possessive prefixes", "Cree (Plains)": "Possessive prefixes", "Cornish": "No possessive affixes", "Crow": "Possessive prefixes", "Chin (Tiddim)": "Possessive prefixes", "Cubeo": "No possessive affixes", "Cupeño": "Possessive prefixes", "Chatino (Yaitepec)": "No possessive affixes", "Cayuvava": "Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary", "Czech": "No possessive affixes", "Daga": "Possessive suffixes", "Damana": "No possessive affixes", "Desano": "No possessive affixes", "Dagbani": "No possessive affixes", "Dongo": "Possessive suffixes", "Dagur": "Possessive suffixes", "Didinga": "Possessive suffixes", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "Possessive prefixes", "Dinka": "Possessive suffixes", "Diola-Fogny": "Possessive suffixes", "Djapu": "No possessive affixes", "Djaru": "No possessive affixes", "Dumi": "Possessive prefixes", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Possessive prefixes", "Domari": "Possessive suffixes", "Doyayo": "Possessive suffixes", "Drehu": "Possessive suffixes", "Dargwa": "No possessive affixes", "Danish": "No possessive affixes", "Duna": "No possessive affixes", "Dutch": "No possessive affixes", "Engenni": "No possessive affixes", "Émérillon": "Possessive prefixes", "Enets": "Possessive suffixes", "English": "No possessive affixes", "Enggano": "Possessive suffixes", "Epena Pedee": "No possessive affixes", "Efate (South)": "Possessive suffixes", "Ese Ejja": "No possessive affixes", "Esmeraldeño": "Possessive suffixes", "Esselen": "Possessive prefixes", "Eudeve": "Possessive prefixes", "Evenki": "Possessive suffixes", "Even": "Possessive suffixes", "Ewe": "Possessive suffixes", "Ewondo": "No possessive affixes", "Fijian": "Possessive suffixes", "Finnish": "Possessive suffixes", "Momu": "No possessive affixes", "French": "No possessive affixes", "Fulfulde (Adamawa)": "Possessive suffixes", "Fulniô": "Possessive prefixes", "Fur": "No possessive affixes", "Futuna-Aniwa": "Possessive suffixes", "Fyem": "Possessive suffixes", "Gahuku": "Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary", "Galo": "No possessive affixes", "Great Andamanese": "Possessive prefixes", "Garo": "No possessive affixes", "Gavião": "Possessive prefixes", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "Possessive suffixes", "Gbaya (Southwest)": "Possessive suffixes", "Gadsup": "Possessive prefixes", "Gela": "Possessive suffixes", "Georgian": "No possessive affixes", "German": "No possessive affixes", "Giziga": "Possessive suffixes", "Guajajara": "Possessive prefixes", "Gününa Küne": "Possessive suffixes", "Golin": "Possessive suffixes", "Gumawana": "Possessive suffixes", "Gumuz": "Possessive suffixes", "Gunin": "Possessive prefixes", "Goajiro": "Possessive prefixes", "Gokana": "Possessive suffixes", "Gondi": "No possessive affixes", "Gooniyandi": "Possessive suffixes", "Grebo": "No possessive affixes", "Garífuna": "Possessive prefixes", "Greek (Modern)": "No possessive affixes", "Garrwa": "No possessive affixes", "Garus": "Possessive suffixes", "Greenlandic (West)": "Possessive suffixes", "Guató": "Possessive prefixes", "Guaraní": "Possessive prefixes", "Gude": "Possessive suffixes", "Gurung": "No possessive affixes", "Guugu Yimidhirr": "No possessive affixes", "Gyarong (Cogtse)": "Possessive prefixes", "Haida": "No possessive affixes", "Halia": "Possessive suffixes", "Hamtai": "Possessive prefixes", "Haruai": "Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary", "Hatam": "Possessive prefixes", "Hausa": "Possessive suffixes", "Hawaiian": "No possessive affixes", "Hayu": "No possessive affixes", "Hdi": "Possessive suffixes", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Possessive suffixes", "Hanga Hundi": "Possessive suffixes", "Hiligaynon": "No possessive affixes", "Hixkaryana": "Possessive prefixes", "Hualapai": "Possessive prefixes", "Halkomelem (Upriver)": "Possessive suffixes", "Hunde": "Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary", "Hoava": "Possessive suffixes", "Hopi": "Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary", "Hup": "No possessive affixes", "Hua": "Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary", "Huichol": "Possessive prefixes", "Hungarian": "Possessive suffixes", "Hupa": "Possessive prefixes", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "Possessive prefixes", "Hunzib": "No possessive affixes", "Iaai": "Possessive suffixes", "Iban": "No possessive affixes", "Icelandic": "No possessive affixes", "Ifumu": "No possessive affixes", "Igbo": "No possessive affixes", "Ignaciano": "Possessive prefixes", "Ingessana": "Possessive suffixes", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "Possessive prefixes", "Ika": "Possessive prefixes", "Ila": "Possessive suffixes", "Imonda": "No possessive affixes", "Inanwatan": "Possessive prefixes", "Indonesian": "No possessive affixes", "Ingush": "No possessive affixes", "Innamincka": "No possessive affixes", "Iquito": "Possessive prefixes", "Irish": "No possessive affixes", "Iraqw": "Possessive suffixes", "Irarutu": "Possessive prefixes", "Iranxe": "No possessive affixes", "I'saka": "No possessive affixes", "Italian": "No possessive affixes", "Itonama": "Possessive prefixes", "Iwaidja": "Possessive prefixes", "Ixil": "Possessive prefixes", "Izi": "No possessive affixes", "Jabêm": "Possessive suffixes", "Jakaltek": "Possessive prefixes", "Jaqaru": "Possessive suffixes", "Izere": "Possessive suffixes", "Jabutí": "Possessive prefixes", "Jebero": "Possessive suffixes", "Luwo": "Possessive suffixes", "Jamsay": "No possessive affixes", "Jingpho": "No possessive affixes", "Japanese": "No possessive affixes", "Jarawa (in Andamans)": "Possessive prefixes", "Ju|'hoan": "No possessive affixes", "Jukun": "No possessive affixes", "Karajá": "Possessive prefixes", "Karó (Arára)": "Possessive prefixes", "Kadugli": "Possessive suffixes", "Kaian": "No possessive affixes", "Kambera": "Possessive suffixes", "Kana": "No possessive affixes", "Kara (in Central African Republic)": "Possessive suffixes", "Kaulong": "Possessive suffixes", "Kanembu": "Possessive suffixes", "Karen (Bwe)": "Possessive prefixes", "Koyra Chiini": "No possessive affixes", "Kadiwéu": "Possessive prefixes", "Kele": "Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary", "Kenga": "Possessive suffixes", "Kera": "Possessive suffixes", "Ket": "Possessive prefixes", "Kewa": "No possessive affixes", "Koromfe": "No possessive affixes", "Kinga": "Possessive suffixes", "Kirghiz": "Possessive suffixes", "Khalkha": "Possessive suffixes", "Khaling": "Possessive prefixes", "Khinalug": "No possessive affixes", "Khalaj": "Possessive suffixes", "Khmer": "No possessive affixes", "Kharia": "No possessive affixes", "Khasi": "No possessive affixes", "Kikuyu": "No possessive affixes", "Kiowa": "Possessive prefixes", "Karakalpak": "Possessive suffixes", "Kokota": "Possessive suffixes", "Lusi": "Possessive suffixes", "Kulung": "Possessive prefixes", "Klamath": "No possessive affixes", "Kilivila": "Possessive suffixes", "Kiliwa": "Possessive prefixes", "Kamaiurá": "Possessive prefixes", "Kombai": "Possessive prefixes", "Kham": "Possessive prefixes", "Karimojong": "Possessive prefixes", "Kalmyk": "Possessive suffixes", "Kuman": "Possessive suffixes", "Koiali (Mountain)": "Possessive suffixes", "Kamoro": "Possessive prefixes", "Kamass": "Possessive suffixes", "Khmu'": "No possessive affixes", "Kamasau": "No possessive affixes", "Kugu Nganhcara": "No possessive affixes", "Kannada": "No possessive affixes", "Kaingang": "No possessive affixes", "Kanakuru": "No possessive affixes", "Kunama": "Possessive suffixes", "Kanuri": "Possessive suffixes", "Konkow": "Possessive prefixes", "Koasati": "Possessive prefixes", "Kobon": "Possessive prefixes", "Koegu": "No possessive affixes", "Kokborok": "Possessive prefixes", "Kongo": "No possessive affixes", "Komi-Permyak": "Possessive suffixes", "Kosraean": "Possessive suffixes", "Kiribati": "Possessive suffixes", "Karachay-Balkar": "Possessive suffixes", "Kurdish (Central)": "Possessive suffixes", "Kresh": "Possessive suffixes", "Krahô": "Possessive prefixes", "Kipea": "Possessive prefixes", "Karok": "Possessive prefixes", "Korana": "No possessive affixes", "Krongo": "No possessive affixes", "Kairiru": "Possessive suffixes", "Korowai": "Possessive prefixes", "Koryak": "No possessive affixes", "Keresan (Santa Ana)": "Possessive prefixes", "Koyraboro Senni": "No possessive affixes", "Katla": "Possessive suffixes", "Kathlamet": "Possessive prefixes", "Khanty": "Possessive suffixes", "Kuot": "No possessive affixes", "Kutenai": "Possessive suffixes", "Kwakw'ala": "Possessive suffixes", "Kwangali": "Possessive suffixes", "Kwoma": "No possessive affixes", "Kawaiisu": "Possessive suffixes", "Kwomtari": "No possessive affixes", "Kwaza": "No possessive affixes", "Kxoe": "Possessive suffixes", "Kuku-Yalanji": "No possessive affixes", "Kyaka": "No possessive affixes", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "No possessive affixes", "Kayapó": "Possessive prefixes", "Kyuquot": "Possessive suffixes", "Kayabí": "Possessive prefixes", "Laal": "Possessive suffixes", "Lagwan": "Possessive suffixes", "Lai": "No possessive affixes", "Lalo": "No possessive affixes", "Lao": "No possessive affixes", "Laragia": "Possessive suffixes", "Latvian": "No possessive affixes", "Lavukaleve": "Possessive prefixes", "Lunda": "Possessive suffixes", "Luganda": "Possessive suffixes", "Lendu": "Possessive prefixes", "Leko": "Possessive prefixes", "Lele": "Possessive suffixes", "Lenakel": "Possessive suffixes", "Lepcha": "No possessive affixes", "Lewo": "Possessive suffixes", "Lezgian": "No possessive affixes", "Longgu": "Possessive suffixes", "Lillooet": "Possessive suffixes", "Lakhota": "Possessive prefixes", "Lamang": "Possessive suffixes", "Lamaholot": "Possessive suffixes", "Limilngan": "Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary", "Lamani": "No possessive affixes", "Lengua": "Possessive prefixes", "Loniu": "Possessive suffixes", "Lou": "Possessive suffixes", "Luiseño": "Possessive prefixes", "Lule": "Possessive suffixes", "Luo": "Possessive suffixes", "Luvale": "Possessive suffixes", "Ma": "Possessive suffixes", "Maba": "No possessive affixes", "Macushi": "Possessive prefixes", "Makah": "No possessive affixes", "Malagasy": "No possessive affixes", "Mam": "Possessive prefixes", "Maori": "No possessive affixes", "Mapudungun": "No possessive affixes", "Maricopa": "Possessive prefixes", "Maung": "Possessive prefixes", "Maxakalí": "Possessive prefixes", "Maybrat": "Possessive prefixes", "Mba": "Possessive prefixes", "Mbara": "Possessive suffixes", "Mangbetu": "Possessive suffixes", "Mbay": "Possessive suffixes", "Mochica": "No possessive affixes", "Mixe (Coatlán)": "Possessive prefixes", "Mocoví": "Possessive prefixes", "Mundang": "Possessive suffixes", "Madimadi": "Possessive suffixes", "Mandan": "Possessive prefixes", "Mbodomo": "No possessive affixes", "Meyah": "Possessive prefixes", "Me'en": "Possessive suffixes", "Meithei": "Possessive prefixes", "Mekens": "Possessive prefixes", "Menomini": "Possessive prefixes", "Mangghuer": "No possessive affixes", "Musgu": "Possessive suffixes", "Migama": "Possessive suffixes", "Mikir": "Possessive prefixes", "Minangkabau": "No possessive affixes", "Miskito": "Possessive suffixes", "Miya": "Possessive suffixes", "Mizo": "No possessive affixes", "Mauka": "No possessive affixes", "Mekeo": "Possessive suffixes", "Mongol (Khamnigan)": "Possessive suffixes", "Mikasuki": "Possessive prefixes", "Makasae": "No possessive affixes", "Maklew": "Possessive suffixes", "Mokilko": "Possessive suffixes", "Maranungku": "Possessive suffixes", "Malgwa": "Possessive suffixes", "Maleu": "Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary", "Mari (Meadow)": "Possessive suffixes", "Mambai": "Possessive suffixes", "Mamvu": "Possessive prefixes", "Mambwe": "Possessive suffixes", "Muna": "Possessive suffixes", "Mandarin": "No possessive affixes", "Maidu (Northeast)": "Possessive prefixes", "Manggarai": "Possessive suffixes", "Manam": "Possessive suffixes", "Mono (in United States)": "Possessive prefixes", "Mansi": "Possessive suffixes", "Mentawai": "Possessive suffixes", "Minaveha": "Possessive suffixes", "Munzombo": "No possessive affixes", "Mono-Alu": "Possessive suffixes", "Mordvin (Erzya)": "Possessive suffixes", "Mohawk": "Possessive prefixes", "Mokilese": "Possessive suffixes", "Mon": "No possessive affixes", "Mor": "Possessive suffixes", "Motuna": "Possessive prefixes", "Moru": "Possessive suffixes", "Maipure": "Possessive prefixes", "Mian": "No possessive affixes", "Mpur": "Possessive prefixes", "Mara": "Possessive suffixes", "Marind": "Possessive prefixes", "Margi": "Possessive suffixes", "Murle": "Possessive suffixes", "Moro": "Possessive suffixes", "Mairasi": "Possessive prefixes", "Martuthunira": "Possessive suffixes", "Masalit": "Possessive suffixes", "Musom": "Possessive suffixes", "Maisin": "Possessive suffixes", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Possessive suffixes", "Matis": "No possessive affixes", "Massachusett": "Possessive prefixes", "Motu": "Possessive suffixes", "Mundani": "Possessive suffixes", "Bargam": "Possessive prefixes", "Muinane": "Possessive prefixes", "Mumuye": "No possessive affixes", "Mundari": "Possessive suffixes", "Mupun": "No possessive affixes", "Mursi": "Possessive suffixes", "Mussau": "Possessive suffixes", "Mutsun": "Possessive prefixes", "Mundurukú": "Possessive prefixes", "Mwotlap": "Possessive suffixes", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "No possessive affixes", "Mixtec (Jicaltepec)": "Possessive suffixes", "Mixtec (Peñoles)": "Possessive suffixes", "Mayogo": "No possessive affixes", "Mangarrayi": "Possessive suffixes", "Mazatec (Chiquihuitlán)": "Possessive suffixes", "Mazatec (Huautla)": "Possessive suffixes", "Nabak": "Possessive suffixes", "Nagatman": "Possessive prefixes", "Neo-Aramaic (Arbel Jewish)": "Possessive suffixes", "Nakanai": "Possessive suffixes", "Namia": "No possessive affixes", "Nandi": "Possessive suffixes", "Nasioi": "Possessive prefixes", "Navajo": "Possessive prefixes", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Possessive prefixes", "Nicobarese (Car)": "No possessive affixes", "Ncàm": "Possessive prefixes", "Ndebele": "No possessive affixes", "Ndjébbana": "Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary", "Ndonga": "Possessive suffixes", "Ndut": "No possessive affixes", "Ndumu": "No possessive affixes", "Ndyuka": "No possessive affixes", "Nehan": "Possessive suffixes", "Nevome": "Possessive prefixes", "Newari (Kathmandu)": "No possessive affixes", "Nez Perce": "Possessive prefixes", "Nganasan": "Possessive suffixes", "Ngiyambaa": "No possessive affixes", "Ngankikurungkurr": "No possessive affixes", "Ngalakan": "Possessive suffixes", "Ngambay": "Possessive suffixes", "Ngandi": "Possessive suffixes", "Ngoni": "No possessive affixes", "Ngizim": "Possessive suffixes", "Nhanda": "Possessive suffixes", "Nahuatl (Huasteca)": "Possessive prefixes", "Nahuatl (Michoacán)": "Possessive prefixes", "Nahuatl (North Puebla)": "Possessive prefixes", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Possessive prefixes", "Nias": "Possessive suffixes", "Nyishi": "No possessive affixes", "Niuean": "No possessive affixes", "Nivkh": "Possessive prefixes", "Nkem": "No possessive affixes", "Nakkara": "Possessive prefixes", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "Possessive prefixes", "Nancowry": "No possessive affixes", "Nankina": "Possessive suffixes", "Noghay": "Possessive suffixes", "Noni": "No possessive affixes", "Noon": "Possessive suffixes", "Norwegian": "No possessive affixes", "Nanerge": "No possessive affixes", "Nisgha": "Possessive suffixes", "Nisenan": "Possessive prefixes", "Ngiti": "Possessive suffixes", "Ngaanyatjarra": "Possessive suffixes", "Nenets": "Possessive suffixes", "Nuaulu": "Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary", "Nuer": "Possessive suffixes", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "No possessive affixes", "Newar (Dolakha)": "No possessive affixes", "Nyamwezi": "No possessive affixes", "Nyulnyul": "Possessive prefixes", "Nzakara": "Possessive suffixes", "Naga (Zeme)": "No possessive affixes", "Ogbronuagum": "No possessive affixes", "Obolo": "No possessive affixes", "Ocuilteco": "Possessive prefixes", "Oirat": "Possessive suffixes", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary", "Oksapmin": "Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary", "Ömie": "No possessive affixes", "Oneida": "Possessive prefixes", "Onge": "Possessive suffixes", "O'odham": "Possessive prefixes", "Ordos": "Possessive suffixes", "Oromo (Harar)": "No possessive affixes", "Orok": "Possessive suffixes", "Osage": "No possessive affixes", "Ossetic": "No possessive affixes", "Pa'a": "Possessive suffixes", "Palauan": "Possessive suffixes", "Päri": "Possessive suffixes", "Paumarí": "Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary", "Pawaian": "No possessive affixes", "Pima Bajo": "Possessive prefixes", "Pero": "Possessive suffixes", "Pilagá": "Possessive prefixes", "Piaroa": "Possessive prefixes", "Pipil": "Possessive prefixes", "Piro": "Possessive prefixes", "Paakantyi": "Possessive suffixes", "Pokot": "Possessive suffixes", "Paulohi": "Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary", "Palikur": "Possessive prefixes", "Pomo (Eastern)": "Possessive prefixes", "Paamese": "Possessive suffixes", "Paiute (Northern)": "No possessive affixes", "Bunu (Younuo)": "No possessive affixes", "Podoko": "Possessive suffixes", "Pohnpeian": "Possessive suffixes", "Poko-Rawo": "No possessive affixes", "Pare": "Possessive suffixes", "Purki": "No possessive affixes", "Persian": "No possessive affixes", "Pashto": "No possessive affixes", "Port Sandwich": "Possessive suffixes", "Puluwat": "Possessive suffixes", "Puquina": "No possessive affixes", "Purépecha": "Possessive suffixes", "Pawnee": "Possessive prefixes", "Qafar": "No possessive affixes", "Quechua (Huallaga)": "Possessive suffixes", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "No possessive affixes", "Quileute": "Possessive suffixes", "Sipakapense": "Possessive prefixes", "Raga": "Possessive suffixes", "Rama": "Possessive prefixes", "Rao": "No possessive affixes", "Rashad": "Possessive suffixes", "Rawang": "No possessive affixes", "Remo": "No possessive affixes", "Resígaro": "Possessive prefixes", "rGyalrong (Caodeng)": "Possessive prefixes", "Rikbaktsa": "Possessive prefixes", "Ritharngu": "Possessive suffixes", "Runyankore": "No possessive affixes", "Romanian": "No possessive affixes", "Roviana": "Possessive suffixes", "Rukai (Tanan)": "Possessive suffixes", "Rumu": "No possessive affixes", "Runga": "Possessive prefixes", "Russian": "No possessive affixes", "Rutul": "No possessive affixes", "Rawa": "Possessive suffixes", "Sa'a": "Possessive suffixes", "Sahu": "No possessive affixes", "Sakao": "Possessive suffixes", "Salinan": "Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary", "Samoan": "No possessive affixes", "Sango": "No possessive affixes", "Serbian-Croatian": "No possessive affixes", "Sandawe": "No possessive affixes", "Sebei": "Possessive suffixes", "Sema": "Possessive prefixes", "Sena": "Possessive suffixes", "Seri": "Possessive prefixes", "Sougb": "Possessive prefixes", "Shiriana": "Possessive suffixes", "Shipibo-Konibo": "No possessive affixes", "Shilluk": "Possessive suffixes", "Shambala": "Possessive suffixes", "Klikitat": "Possessive prefixes", "Shatt": "Possessive suffixes", "Shuswap": "Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary", "Siane": "Possessive suffixes", "Sio": "Possessive suffixes", "Sisiqa": "Possessive suffixes", "Siuslaw": "Possessive suffixes", "Sikkimese": "No possessive affixes", "Selkup": "Possessive suffixes", "Slave": "Possessive prefixes", "Saliba (in Papua New Guinea)": "Possessive suffixes", "Selepet": "Possessive suffixes", "Seminole": "Possessive prefixes", "Shompen": "No possessive affixes", "Sinaugoro": "Possessive suffixes", "Sanuma": "No possessive affixes", "Saami (Northern)": "Possessive suffixes", "Sentani": "No possessive affixes", "So": "Possessive suffixes", "Sobei": "Possessive suffixes", "Soddo": "Possessive suffixes", "Somali": "Possessive suffixes", "Sonsorol-Tobi": "Possessive suffixes", "Spanish": "No possessive affixes", "Squamish": "Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary", "Sarcee": "Possessive prefixes", "Sirionó": "Possessive prefixes", "Siroi": "No possessive affixes", "Santa": "Possessive suffixes", "Santali": "Possessive suffixes", "Suena": "No possessive affixes", "Sulka": "Possessive prefixes", "Supyire": "No possessive affixes", "Savosavo": "No possessive affixes", "Swahili": "Possessive suffixes", "Swedish": "No possessive affixes", "Salt-Yui": "Possessive suffixes", "Tacana": "No possessive affixes", "Tuareg (Air)": "Possessive suffixes", "Tajik": "No possessive affixes", "Takia": "Possessive suffixes", "Tangale": "Possessive suffixes", "Tariana": "Possessive prefixes", "Tashlhiyt": "Possessive suffixes", "Tauya": "Possessive prefixes", "Tabare": "Possessive suffixes", "Tboli": "Possessive suffixes", "Tubu": "Possessive suffixes", "Tepehua (Huehuetla)": "Possessive prefixes", "Tennet": "No possessive affixes", "Teop": "Possessive suffixes", "Tepehua (Tlachichilco)": "Possessive prefixes", "Tera": "Possessive suffixes", "Teso": "Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary", "Tetela": "No possessive affixes", "Tigak": "Possessive suffixes", "Tshangla": "No possessive affixes", "Tugun": "Possessive prefixes", "Tigré": "Possessive suffixes", "Thai": "No possessive affixes", "Kuuk Thaayorre": "No possessive affixes", "Tima": "Possessive suffixes", "Ticuna": "Possessive prefixes", "Tidore": "Possessive prefixes", "Tigrinya": "Possessive suffixes", "Tinrin": "Possessive suffixes", "Tiriyo": "Possessive prefixes", "Tiwi": "No possessive affixes", "Tiipay (Jamul)": "Possessive prefixes", "Takelma": "Possessive suffixes", "Tolai": "Possessive suffixes", "Tlingit": "Possessive prefixes", "Tobelo": "Possessive prefixes", "Tlapanec": "Possessive suffixes", "Tama": "No possessive affixes", "Timucua": "Possessive suffixes", "Tamagario": "No possessive affixes", "Tanacross": "Possessive prefixes", "Temne": "No possessive affixes", "Tongan": "No possessive affixes", "Tunen": "No possessive affixes", "Tondano": "Possessive suffixes", "Toba": "Possessive prefixes", "Tonkawa": "Possessive prefixes", "Totonac (Misantla)": "Possessive prefixes", "Tonga (in Zambia)": "Possessive suffixes", "Tepehuan (Northern)": "Possessive prefixes", "Tepehuan (Southeastern)": "Possessive prefixes", "Tapieté": "Possessive prefixes", "Teribe": "No possessive affixes", "Trique (Copala)": "No possessive affixes", "Tirmaga": "Possessive suffixes", "Tairora": "Possessive prefixes", "Trumai": "Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "No possessive affixes", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Possessive suffixes", "Tamashek": "Possessive suffixes", "Tsez": "No possessive affixes", "Tetun Dili": "No possessive affixes", "Tutelo": "Possessive prefixes", "Tetun": "No possessive affixes", "Tukang Besi": "No possessive affixes", "Tumleo": "Possessive suffixes", "Tunica": "Possessive prefixes", "Turkish": "Possessive suffixes", "Tuscarora": "Possessive prefixes", "Tuvan": "Possessive suffixes", "Tatar": "Possessive suffixes", "Tarahumara (Western)": "No possessive affixes", "Tiwa (Northern)": "Possessive prefixes", "Totonac (Xicotepec de Juárez)": "Possessive prefixes", "Tzotzil": "Possessive prefixes", "Tzutujil": "Possessive prefixes", "Ubykh": "Possessive prefixes", "Udi": "No possessive affixes", "Udmurt": "Possessive suffixes", "Uradhi": "No possessive affixes", "Ukrainian": "No possessive affixes", "Ulithian": "Possessive suffixes", "Una": "Possessive prefixes", "Ungarinjin": "Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Possessive prefixes", "Urak Lawoi'": "No possessive affixes", "Urat": "No possessive affixes", "Usarufa": "Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary", "Ute": "Possessive suffixes", "Uyghur": "Possessive suffixes", "Uzbek": "Possessive suffixes", "Vai": "No possessive affixes", "Vietnamese": "No possessive affixes", "Vinmavis": "Possessive suffixes", "Wahgi": "Possessive suffixes", "Wakhi": "No possessive affixes", "Walman": "No possessive affixes", "Waorani": "No possessive affixes", "Wappo": "Possessive prefixes", "Wari'": "Possessive suffixes", "Washo": "Possessive prefixes", "Watjarri": "Possessive suffixes", "Wayampi": "Possessive prefixes", "Wambon": "Possessive prefixes", "Wichí": "Possessive prefixes", "Wedau": "Possessive suffixes", "Wembawemba": "Possessive suffixes", "Wichita": "Possessive prefixes", "Wikchamni": "No possessive affixes", "Wintu": "No possessive affixes", "Wirangu": "No possessive affixes", "Wiyot": "Possessive prefixes", "Wolof": "Possessive suffixes", "Wolio": "Possessive suffixes", "Wolaytta": "No possessive affixes", "West Makian": "Possessive prefixes", "Woleaian": "Possessive suffixes", "Womo": "No possessive affixes", "Worora": "Possessive prefixes", "Warao": "Possessive prefixes", "Warrnambool": "Possessive suffixes", "Warekena": "Possessive prefixes", "Warndarang": "Possessive prefixes", "Warrwa": "Possessive prefixes", "Waskia": "Possessive prefixes", "Wathawurrung": "Possessive suffixes", "Wyandot": "Possessive prefixes", "Xârâcùù": "Possessive suffixes", "Xavánte": "Possessive prefixes", "Kombio": "No possessive affixes", "Xerénte": "Possessive prefixes", "Xhosa": "No possessive affixes", "Yagua": "Possessive prefixes", "Yahgan": "No possessive affixes", "Yapese": "Possessive suffixes", "Yaqui": "No possessive affixes", "Yareba": "No possessive affixes", "Yelî Dnye": "Possessive prefixes", "Yagaria": "Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary", "Yidiny": "No possessive affixes", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Possessive suffixes", "Yakut": "Possessive suffixes", "Yingkarta": "Possessive suffixes", "Yokuts (Yaudanchi)": "No possessive affixes", "Yoruba": "No possessive affixes", "Yup'ik (Central)": "Possessive suffixes", "Yaqay": "Possessive prefixes", "Yuchi": "Possessive prefixes", "Yukulta": "No possessive affixes", "Yulu": "Possessive suffixes", "Yurok": "Possessive prefixes", "Yuwaalaraay": "No possessive affixes", "Yawelmani": "No possessive affixes", "Beria": "Possessive suffixes", "Zapotec (Isthmus)": "Possessive suffixes", "Zande": "Possessive suffixes", "Zapotec (Mitla)": "Possessive suffixes", "Zenaga": "Possessive suffixes", "Zhuang (Northern)": "No possessive affixes", "Zaparo": "Possessive prefixes", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Possessive prefixes", "Zoque (Ostuacan)": "Possessive prefixes", "Popoluca (Sierra)": "Possessive prefixes", "Zuni": "No possessive affixes", "Zapotec (Zoogocho)": "Possessive suffixes" }
58A
Obligatory Possessive Inflection
Nominal Syntax
Are there obligatorily possessed nouns in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Obligatorily possessed nouns exist; No obligatorily possessed nouns
{ "Abkhaz": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Acoma": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Ainu": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Alamblak": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Alawa": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Amele": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Amharic": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Anêm": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Apurinã": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Armenian (Eastern)": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Asmat": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Awa Pit": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Awtuw": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Aymara (Central)": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Barai": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Bagirmi": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Beja": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Belhare": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Boazi (Kuni)": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Brahui": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Berik": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Burmese": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Bororo": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Barasano": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Basque": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Burushaski": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Buru": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Bauzi": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Campa (Axininca)": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Chamorro": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Chimariko": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Chukchi": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Chontal (Highland)": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Chayahuita": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Chumash (Ineseño)": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Chichimeca-Jonaz": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Canela": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Cree (Plains)": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Chitimacha": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Cayuvava": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Daga": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Digaro": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Diyari": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Dizi": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Djapu": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Drehu": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Dumo": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Dyirbal": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Ekari": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "English": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Epena Pedee": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Evenki": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Ewe": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Fijian": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Finnish": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "French": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Fulfulde (Adamawa)": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Fur": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Georgian": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "German": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Gumuz": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Gooniyandi": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Grebo": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Greek (Modern)": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Garrwa": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Greenlandic (West)": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Guaraní": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Haida": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Hatam": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Hausa": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Hebrew (Modern)": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Hindi": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Hixkaryana": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Hmong Njua": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Hua": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Hungarian": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Iau": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Ik": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Imonda": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Indonesian": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Ingush": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Jakaltek": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Japanese": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Ju|'hoan": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Kâte": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Kayardild": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Koyra Chiini": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Ket": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Kewa": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Khalkha": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Nama": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Khasi": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Kimaghama": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Kiowa": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Kui (in Indonesia)": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Kolana": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Kannada": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Kanakuru": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Kunama": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Kanum (Ngkâlmpw)": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Kanuri": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Konua": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Koasati": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Kobon": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Koiari": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Korean": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Kipea": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Karok": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Krongo": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Kutenai": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Komi-Zyrian": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Lango": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Lavukaleve": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Luganda": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Lezgian": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Limbu": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Lakhota": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Lugbara": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Luvale": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Maasai": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Malagasy": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Maori": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Mapudungun": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Maricopa": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Maung": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Maybrat": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Mandinka": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Meithei": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Malakmalak": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Mandarin": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Maidu (Northeast)": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Motuna": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Murrinh-Patha": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Margi": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Marrithiyel": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Martuthunira": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Malto": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Mangarrayi": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Nahali": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Nanai": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Nandi": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Nicobarese (Car)": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Nez Perce": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Ngiyambaa": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Nimboran": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Nakkara": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Nenets": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Nunggubuyu": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Nyigina": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Oneida": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Oromo (Harar)": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Orig": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Ossetic": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Paiwan": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Paumarí": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Paamese": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Panare": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Pohnpeian": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Pirahã": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Persian": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Pawnee": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Quileute": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Rama": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Rapanui": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Resígaro": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Russian": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Sahu": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Salinan": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Samoan": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Sango": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Siuslaw": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Slave": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Sanuma": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Sentani": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Spanish": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Squamish": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Suena": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Sulka": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Supyire": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Swahili": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Salt-Yui": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Tagalog": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Tauya": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Tawala": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Tera": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Tanglapui": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Thai": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Tehit": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Tiwi": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Takelma": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Telefol": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Tlingit": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Tonkawa": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Totonac (Misantla)": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Trumai": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Tukang Besi": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Tunica": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Turkish": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Tuvan": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Tzutujil": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Uradhi": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Ungarinjin": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Vietnamese": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Wappo": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Wari'": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Washo": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Wichí": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Wembawemba": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Wichita": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Wintu": "Obligatorily possessed nouns exist", "Warao": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Warlpiri": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Warndarang": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Waris": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Waray (in Australia)": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Waskia": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Yagua": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Yaqui": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Yessan-Mayo": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Yimas": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Yali": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Yoruba": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Yuchi": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Yurok": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "No obligatorily possessed nouns", "Zulu": "No obligatorily possessed nouns" }
58B
Number of Possessive Nouns
Nominal Syntax
How many possessive classifier nouns exist in the <LANGUAGE> language?
None reported; One; Two to four; Five or more
{ "Abkhaz": "None reported", "Acoma": "None reported", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "None reported", "Ainu": "None reported", "Alamblak": "None reported", "Alawa": "None reported", "Amele": "None reported", "Amharic": "None reported", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "None reported", "Anêm": "None reported", "Apurinã": "None reported", "Armenian (Eastern)": "None reported", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "None reported", "Asmat": "None reported", "Awa Pit": "None reported", "Awtuw": "None reported", "Aymara (Central)": "None reported", "Barai": "None reported", "Bagirmi": "None reported", "Beja": "None reported", "Belhare": "None reported", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "None reported", "Boazi (Kuni)": "None reported", "Brahui": "None reported", "Berik": "None reported", "Burmese": "None reported", "Bororo": "None reported", "Barasano": "None reported", "Basque": "None reported", "Burushaski": "None reported", "Buru": "None reported", "Bauzi": "None reported", "Campa (Axininca)": "None reported", "Chamorro": "Two to four", "Chimariko": "None reported", "Chukchi": "None reported", "Chontal (Highland)": "None reported", "Chayahuita": "None reported", "Chumash (Ineseño)": "None reported", "Chichimeca-Jonaz": "Two to four", "Canela": "None reported", "Cree (Plains)": "None reported", "Chitimacha": "None reported", "Cayuvava": "None reported", "Daga": "None reported", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "None reported", "Digaro": "None reported", "Diyari": "None reported", "Dizi": "None reported", "Djapu": "None reported", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "None reported", "Drehu": "None reported", "Dumo": "None reported", "Dyirbal": "None reported", "Ekari": "None reported", "English": "None reported", "Epena Pedee": "None reported", "Evenki": "None reported", "Ewe": "None reported", "Fijian": "Two to four", "Finnish": "None reported", "French": "None reported", "Fulfulde (Adamawa)": "None reported", "Fur": "None reported", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "None reported", "Georgian": "None reported", "German": "None reported", "Gumuz": "None reported", "Gooniyandi": "None reported", "Grebo": "None reported", "Greek (Modern)": "None reported", "Garrwa": "None reported", "Greenlandic (West)": "None reported", "Guaraní": "One", "Haida": "None reported", "Hatam": "None reported", "Hausa": "None reported", "Hebrew (Modern)": "None reported", "Hindi": "None reported", "Hixkaryana": "None reported", "Hmong Njua": "None reported", "Hua": "None reported", "Hungarian": "None reported", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "None reported", "Iau": "None reported", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "None reported", "Ik": "None reported", "Imonda": "None reported", "Indonesian": "None reported", "Ingush": "None reported", "Jakaltek": "None reported", "Japanese": "None reported", "Ju|'hoan": "None reported", "Kâte": "None reported", "Kayardild": "None reported", "Koyra Chiini": "None reported", "Ket": "None reported", "Kewa": "None reported", "Khalkha": "None reported", "Nama": "None reported", "Khasi": "None reported", "Kimaghama": "None reported", "Kiowa": "None reported", "Kolana": "None reported", "Kannada": "None reported", "Kanakuru": "None reported", "Kunama": "None reported", "Kanum (Ngkâlmpw)": "None reported", "Kanuri": "None reported", "Konua": "None reported", "Koasati": "None reported", "Kobon": "None reported", "Koiari": "None reported", "Korean": "None reported", "Kipea": "Five or more", "Karok": "None reported", "Krongo": "None reported", "Kui (in India)": "None reported", "Kutenai": "None reported", "Komi-Zyrian": "None reported", "Lango": "None reported", "Lavukaleve": "None reported", "Luganda": "None reported", "Lezgian": "None reported", "Limbu": "None reported", "Lakhota": "None reported", "Lugbara": "None reported", "Luvale": "None reported", "Maasai": "None reported", "Malagasy": "None reported", "Maori": "None reported", "Mapudungun": "None reported", "Maricopa": "None reported", "Maung": "None reported", "Maybrat": "None reported", "Mandinka": "None reported", "Meithei": "None reported", "Malakmalak": "None reported", "Mandarin": "None reported", "Maidu (Northeast)": "None reported", "Motuna": "None reported", "Murrinh-Patha": "None reported", "Margi": "None reported", "Marrithiyel": "None reported", "Martuthunira": "None reported", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "None reported", "Malto": "None reported", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "None reported", "Mangarrayi": "None reported", "Nahali": "None reported", "Nanai": "None reported", "Nandi": "None reported", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "None reported", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "None reported", "Nicobarese (Car)": "None reported", "Nez Perce": "None reported", "Ngiyambaa": "None reported", "Nimboran": "None reported", "Nakkara": "None reported", "Nenets": "None reported", "Nunggubuyu": "None reported", "Nyigina": "None reported", "Oneida": "None reported", "Oromo (Harar)": "None reported", "Orig": "None reported", "Ossetic": "None reported", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "None reported", "Paiwan": "None reported", "Paumarí": "None reported", "Paamese": "Two to four", "Panare": "Five or more", "Pohnpeian": "Five or more", "Pirahã": "None reported", "Persian": "None reported", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "None reported", "Pawnee": "None reported", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "None reported", "Quileute": "None reported", "Rama": "None reported", "Rapanui": "None reported", "Resígaro": "None reported", "Russian": "None reported", "Sahu": "None reported", "Salinan": "None reported", "Samoan": "None reported", "Sango": "None reported", "Siuslaw": "None reported", "Slave": "None reported", "Sanuma": "None reported", "Sentani": "None reported", "Spanish": "None reported", "Squamish": "None reported", "Suena": "None reported", "Sulka": "None reported", "Supyire": "None reported", "Swahili": "None reported", "Salt-Yui": "None reported", "Tagalog": "None reported", "Tauya": "None reported", "Tawala": "None reported", "Tera": "None reported", "Tanglapui": "None reported", "Thai": "None reported", "Tehit": "None reported", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "None reported", "Tiwi": "None reported", "Takelma": "None reported", "Telefol": "None reported", "Tlingit": "None reported", "Tonkawa": "None reported", "Totonac (Misantla)": "None reported", "Trumai": "One", "Tukang Besi": "None reported", "Tunica": "None reported", "Turkish": "None reported", "Tuvan": "None reported", "Uradhi": "None reported", "Ungarinjin": "None reported", "Vietnamese": "None reported", "Wappo": "None reported", "Wari'": "None reported", "Washo": "One", "Wichí": "None reported", "Wembawemba": "None reported", "Wichita": "None reported", "Wintu": "None reported", "Warao": "None reported", "Warlpiri": "None reported", "Warndarang": "None reported", "Waris": "None reported", "Waray (in Australia)": "None reported", "Waskia": "None reported", "Yagua": "None reported", "Yaqui": "None reported", "Yessan-Mayo": "None reported", "Yimas": "None reported", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "None reported", "Yali": "None reported", "Yoruba": "None reported", "Yuchi": "None reported", "Yurok": "None reported", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "None reported", "Zulu": "None reported" }
59A
Possessive Classification
Nominal Syntax
How is possessive classification by nouns implemented in the <LANGUAGE> language?
No possessive classification; Two classes; Three to five classes; More than five classes
{ "Abkhaz": "No possessive classification", "Acoma": "No possessive classification", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "No possessive classification", "Ainu": "No possessive classification", "Alamblak": "No possessive classification", "Alawa": "Two classes", "Amele": "More than five classes", "Amharic": "No possessive classification", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "Two classes", "Anêm": "More than five classes", "Apurinã": "No possessive classification", "Armenian (Eastern)": "No possessive classification", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "No possessive classification", "Asmat": "Two classes", "Awa Pit": "No possessive classification", "Awtuw": "No possessive classification", "Aymara (Central)": "No possessive classification", "Barai": "No possessive classification", "Bagirmi": "No possessive classification", "Beja": "No possessive classification", "Belhare": "No possessive classification", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Two classes", "Boazi (Kuni)": "Two classes", "Brahui": "No possessive classification", "Berik": "No possessive classification", "Burmese": "No possessive classification", "Bororo": "Three to five classes", "Barasano": "Two classes", "Basque": "No possessive classification", "Burushaski": "Three to five classes", "Buru": "Two classes", "Bauzi": "No possessive classification", "Campa (Axininca)": "No possessive classification", "Chamorro": "No possessive classification", "Chimariko": "Two classes", "Chukchi": "No possessive classification", "Chontal (Highland)": "No possessive classification", "Chayahuita": "Two classes", "Chumash (Ineseño)": "No possessive classification", "Chichimeca-Jonaz": "More than five classes", "Canela": "No possessive classification", "Cree (Plains)": "No possessive classification", "Chitimacha": "No possessive classification", "Cayuvava": "More than five classes", "Daga": "Two classes", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "Two classes", "Digaro": "No possessive classification", "Diyari": "Two classes", "Dizi": "Two classes", "Djapu": "No possessive classification", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Two classes", "Drehu": "Two classes", "Dumo": "Two classes", "Dyirbal": "Two classes", "Ekari": "Two classes", "English": "No possessive classification", "Epena Pedee": "No possessive classification", "Evenki": "No possessive classification", "Ewe": "Two classes", "Fijian": "No possessive classification", "Finnish": "No possessive classification", "French": "No possessive classification", "Fulfulde (Adamawa)": "Two classes", "Fur": "No possessive classification", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "Two classes", "Georgian": "No possessive classification", "German": "No possessive classification", "Gumuz": "No possessive classification", "Gooniyandi": "Two classes", "Grebo": "No possessive classification", "Greek (Modern)": "No possessive classification", "Garrwa": "Two classes", "Greenlandic (West)": "No possessive classification", "Guaraní": "No possessive classification", "Haida": "Two classes", "Hatam": "Two classes", "Hausa": "No possessive classification", "Hebrew (Modern)": "No possessive classification", "Hindi": "No possessive classification", "Hixkaryana": "No possessive classification", "Hmong Njua": "No possessive classification", "Hua": "Three to five classes", "Hungarian": "No possessive classification", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "Two classes", "Iau": "Two classes", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "Two classes", "Ik": "No possessive classification", "Imonda": "Two classes", "Indonesian": "No possessive classification", "Ingush": "No possessive classification", "Jakaltek": "No possessive classification", "Japanese": "No possessive classification", "Ju|'hoan": "Three to five classes", "Kâte": "Two classes", "Kayardild": "Two classes", "Koyra Chiini": "Two classes", "Ket": "No possessive classification", "Kewa": "No possessive classification", "Khalkha": "No possessive classification", "Nama": "Two classes", "Khasi": "No possessive classification", "Kimaghama": "Two classes", "Kiowa": "Two classes", "Kui (in Indonesia)": "Two classes", "Kolana": "No possessive classification", "Kannada": "No possessive classification", "Kanakuru": "Two classes", "Kunama": "Two classes", "Kanum (Ngkâlmpw)": "No possessive classification", "Kanuri": "No possessive classification", "Konua": "Two classes", "Koasati": "Two classes", "Kobon": "Two classes", "Koiari": "Two classes", "Korean": "No possessive classification", "Kipea": "Three to five classes", "Karok": "No possessive classification", "Krongo": "Two classes", "Kutenai": "No possessive classification", "Komi-Zyrian": "No possessive classification", "Lango": "Two classes", "Lavukaleve": "No possessive classification", "Luganda": "Two classes", "Lezgian": "No possessive classification", "Limbu": "Three to five classes", "Lakhota": "Two classes", "Lugbara": "Two classes", "Luvale": "Two classes", "Maasai": "Two classes", "Malagasy": "No possessive classification", "Maori": "No possessive classification", "Mapudungun": "No possessive classification", "Maricopa": "Three to five classes", "Maung": "Two classes", "Maybrat": "Two classes", "Mandinka": "No possessive classification", "Meithei": "No possessive classification", "Malakmalak": "Two classes", "Mandarin": "No possessive classification", "Maidu (Northeast)": "Two classes", "Motuna": "Two classes", "Murrinh-Patha": "No possessive classification", "Margi": "Two classes", "Marrithiyel": "Two classes", "Martuthunira": "Two classes", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "No possessive classification", "Malto": "No possessive classification", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "No possessive classification", "Mangarrayi": "Two classes", "Nahali": "No possessive classification", "Nanai": "Two classes", "Nandi": "No possessive classification", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "No possessive classification", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Two classes", "Nicobarese (Car)": "No possessive classification", "Nez Perce": "No possessive classification", "Ngiyambaa": "Two classes", "Nimboran": "Two classes", "Nakkara": "Three to five classes", "Nenets": "No possessive classification", "Nunggubuyu": "Two classes", "Nyigina": "Two classes", "Oneida": "No possessive classification", "Oromo (Harar)": "Two classes", "Orig": "No possessive classification", "Ossetic": "Two classes", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "No possessive classification", "Paiwan": "No possessive classification", "Paumarí": "Two classes", "Paamese": "Three to five classes", "Pohnpeian": "Two classes", "Pirahã": "No possessive classification", "Persian": "No possessive classification", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Three to five classes", "Pawnee": "Two classes", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "No possessive classification", "Quileute": "Two classes", "Rama": "Two classes", "Rapanui": "Two classes", "Resígaro": "No possessive classification", "Russian": "No possessive classification", "Sahu": "No possessive classification", "Salinan": "Two classes", "Samoan": "No possessive classification", "Sango": "No possessive classification", "Siuslaw": "Three to five classes", "Slave": "Three to five classes", "Sanuma": "Two classes", "Sentani": "Three to five classes", "Spanish": "No possessive classification", "Squamish": "No possessive classification", "Suena": "No possessive classification", "Sulka": "Two classes", "Supyire": "No possessive classification", "Swahili": "No possessive classification", "Salt-Yui": "Three to five classes", "Tagalog": "No possessive classification", "Tauya": "Two classes", "Tawala": "Two classes", "Tera": "Two classes", "Tanglapui": "Two classes", "Thai": "No possessive classification", "Tehit": "Two classes", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "No possessive classification", "Tiwi": "Two classes", "Takelma": "Two classes", "Telefol": "No possessive classification", "Tlingit": "Two classes", "Tonkawa": "Two classes", "Totonac (Misantla)": "No possessive classification", "Trumai": "Three to five classes", "Tukang Besi": "Two classes", "Tunica": "Two classes", "Turkish": "No possessive classification", "Tuvan": "No possessive classification", "Tzutujil": "Three to five classes", "Uradhi": "Two classes", "Ungarinjin": "Three to five classes", "Vietnamese": "No possessive classification", "Wappo": "No possessive classification", "Wari'": "Three to five classes", "Washo": "Two classes", "Wichí": "Three to five classes", "Wembawemba": "Two classes", "Wichita": "No possessive classification", "Wintu": "Two classes", "Warao": "No possessive classification", "Warlpiri": "No possessive classification", "Warndarang": "Two classes", "Waris": "No possessive classification", "Waray (in Australia)": "No possessive classification", "Waskia": "Two classes", "Yagua": "No possessive classification", "Yaqui": "No possessive classification", "Yessan-Mayo": "No possessive classification", "Yimas": "No possessive classification", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Two classes", "Yali": "No possessive classification", "Yoruba": "No possessive classification", "Yuchi": "Three to five classes", "Yurok": "Two classes", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "No possessive classification", "Zulu": "No possessive classification" }
60A
Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses
Nominal Syntax
How are genitives, adjectives, and relative clauses expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Weakly differentiated; Moderately differentiated, with genitives and adjectives collapsed; Moderately differentiated, with genitives and relative clauses collapsed; Moderately differentiated, with adjectives and relative clauses collapsed; Moderately differentiated in other ways; Highly differentiated
{ "Abkhaz": "Highly differentiated", "Abun": "Highly differentiated", "Alagwa": "Highly differentiated", "Ainu": "Moderately differentiated, with adjectives and relative clauses collapsed", "Albanian": "Highly differentiated", "Amele": "Moderately differentiated, with adjectives and relative clauses collapsed", "Athpare": "Highly differentiated", "Avar": "Highly differentiated", "Baré": "Highly differentiated", "Balinese": "Moderately differentiated, with adjectives and relative clauses collapsed", "Begak-Ida'an": "Weakly differentiated", "Belhare": "Highly differentiated", "Bagvalal": "Highly differentiated", "Batak (Karo)": "Moderately differentiated in other ways", "Boko": "Highly differentiated", "Burmese": "Moderately differentiated, with genitives and relative clauses collapsed", "Burunge": "Highly differentiated", "Basque": "Highly differentiated", "Chamorro": "Highly differentiated", "Chukchi": "Highly differentiated", "Cham (Eastern)": "Weakly differentiated", "Camling": "Moderately differentiated, with adjectives and relative clauses collapsed", "Cantonese": "Weakly differentiated", "Datooga": "Highly differentiated", "Dargwa": "Highly differentiated", "English": "Highly differentiated", "Epena Pedee": "Highly differentiated", "Evenki": "Highly differentiated", "Fijian": "Moderately differentiated, with adjectives and relative clauses collapsed", "Finnish": "Highly differentiated", "French": "Highly differentiated", "Gavião": "Highly differentiated", "Georgian": "Highly differentiated", "Gilaki": "Moderately differentiated, with genitives and adjectives collapsed", "Gooniyandi": "Moderately differentiated, with adjectives and relative clauses collapsed", "Hatam": "Moderately differentiated, with adjectives and relative clauses collapsed", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Highly differentiated", "Hindi": "Highly differentiated", "Hmong Daw": "Moderately differentiated, with adjectives and relative clauses collapsed", "Min (Southern)": "Weakly differentiated", "Hup": "Highly differentiated", "Hungarian": "Highly differentiated", "Hunzib": "Highly differentiated", "Ika": "Highly differentiated", "Imonda": "Highly differentiated", "Indonesian": "Weakly differentiated", "Ingush": "Highly differentiated", "Iraqw": "Highly differentiated", "Jaminjung": "Highly differentiated", "Jaqaru": "Highly differentiated", "Javanese": "Moderately differentiated, with adjectives and relative clauses collapsed", "Japanese": "Moderately differentiated, with genitives and adjectives collapsed", "Kana": "Highly differentiated", "Kayardild": "Highly differentiated", "Koyra Chiini": "Highly differentiated", "Koromfe": "Highly differentiated", "Khalkha": "Highly differentiated", "Khmer": "Weakly differentiated", "Nama": "Moderately differentiated, with adjectives and relative clauses collapsed", "Kharia": "Moderately differentiated, with adjectives and relative clauses collapsed", "Kombai": "Moderately differentiated, with adjectives and relative clauses collapsed", "Kanuri": "Moderately differentiated, with adjectives and relative clauses collapsed", "Korean": "Highly differentiated", "Kutenai": "Moderately differentiated, with adjectives and relative clauses collapsed", "Kwaza": "Highly differentiated", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "Highly differentiated", "Lai": "Highly differentiated", "Lango": "Weakly differentiated", "Lezgian": "Highly differentiated", "Loven": "Weakly differentiated", "Lucazi": "Highly differentiated", "Malagasy": "Moderately differentiated, with adjectives and relative clauses collapsed", "Maori": "Moderately differentiated, with adjectives and relative clauses collapsed", "Maricopa": "Moderately differentiated, with adjectives and relative clauses collapsed", "Maung": "Highly differentiated", "Maybrat": "Weakly differentiated", "Me'en": "Highly differentiated", "Meithei": "Moderately differentiated, with adjectives and relative clauses collapsed", "Marathi": "Highly differentiated", "Minangkabau": "Weakly differentiated", "Miya": "Highly differentiated", "Makassar": "Highly differentiated", "Mandarin": "Weakly differentiated", "Mosetén": "Weakly differentiated", "Margi": "Highly differentiated", "Martuthunira": "Moderately differentiated, with adjectives and relative clauses collapsed", "Muisca": "Highly differentiated", "Mupun": "Moderately differentiated in other ways", "Mazanderani": "Moderately differentiated, with genitives and adjectives collapsed", "Neo-Aramaic (Arbel Jewish)": "Moderately differentiated, with genitives and relative clauses collapsed", "Nandi": "Moderately differentiated, with adjectives and relative clauses collapsed", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Highly differentiated", "Ndyuka": "Moderately differentiated, with genitives and adjectives collapsed", "Ngizim": "Weakly differentiated", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Highly differentiated", "Nivkh (South Sakhalin)": "Moderately differentiated, with adjectives and relative clauses collapsed", "Padoe": "Weakly differentiated", "Pima Bajo": "Highly differentiated", "Pileni": "Moderately differentiated, with adjectives and relative clauses collapsed", "Panare": "Highly differentiated", "Persian": "Moderately differentiated, with genitives and adjectives collapsed", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Highly differentiated", "Rapanui": "Moderately differentiated, with adjectives and relative clauses collapsed", "Russian-Chinese Pidgin (Birobidjan)": "Moderately differentiated, with genitives and adjectives collapsed", "Russian": "Highly differentiated", "Seediq": "Moderately differentiated, with adjectives and relative clauses collapsed", "Sesotho": "Highly differentiated", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Highly differentiated", "Semelai": "Weakly differentiated", "Sanuma": "Highly differentiated", "So": "Moderately differentiated, with adjectives and relative clauses collapsed", "Supyire": "Highly differentiated", "Swedish (Västerbotten)": "Moderately differentiated, with genitives and adjectives collapsed", "Taba": "Moderately differentiated, with adjectives and relative clauses collapsed", "Tagalog": "Moderately differentiated, with adjectives and relative clauses collapsed", "Tamang (Eastern)": "Highly differentiated", "Tawala": "Moderately differentiated, with adjectives and relative clauses collapsed", "Tuareg (Ghat)": "Highly differentiated", "Thai": "Moderately differentiated in other ways", "Tidore": "Moderately differentiated, with adjectives and relative clauses collapsed", "Tiwi": "Highly differentiated", "Teribe": "Moderately differentiated, with adjectives and relative clauses collapsed", "Tati (Southern)": "Highly differentiated", "Tukang Besi": "Highly differentiated", "Turkish": "Highly differentiated", "Tatar": "Moderately differentiated, with adjectives and relative clauses collapsed", "Ura": "Highly differentiated", "Vafsi": "Highly differentiated", "Vietnamese": "Moderately differentiated, with adjectives and relative clauses collapsed", "Wari'": "Highly differentiated", "Warao": "Highly differentiated", "/Xam": "Moderately differentiated, with adjectives and relative clauses collapsed", "Yagua": "Moderately differentiated, with genitives and adjectives collapsed", "Yidiny": "Highly differentiated", "Yimas": "Highly differentiated", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Highly differentiated", "Yingkarta": "Highly differentiated", "Zulu": "Highly differentiated" }
61A
Adjectives without Nouns
Nominal Syntax
How can adjectives occur without nouns in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Adjective may not occur without noun; Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking; Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by prefix; Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by suffix; Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by preceding word; Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by following word; Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by mixed or other strategies
{ "Abkhaz": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Alagwa": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by preceding word", "Albanian": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by preceding word", "Alyawarra": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Amele": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Ambae (Lolovoli Northeast)": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by suffix", "Arabic (Moroccan)": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Lokono": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by suffix", "Avar": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Awa Pit": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Baré": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Balinese": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by preceding word", "Belhare": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by suffix", "Batak (Karo)": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by preceding word", "Burmese": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Burunge": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by preceding word", "Basque": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Chumash (Barbareño)": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by prefix", "Cèmuhî": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by suffix", "Chamorro": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Chukchi": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by mixed or other strategies", "Cantonese": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by following word", "Dargwa": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Dyirbal": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "English": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by following word", "Epena Pedee": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by mixed or other strategies", "Evenki": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Finnish": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "French": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Gaagudju": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Gavião": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by prefix", "Georgian": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Gooniyandi": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Gumbaynggir": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Hatam": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by prefix", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Hindi": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by following word", "Hmong Daw": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Min (Southern)": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by following word", "Hup": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by prefix", "Hungarian": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Hunzib": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by suffix", "Imonda": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by suffix", "Indonesian": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by preceding word", "Ingush": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by suffix", "Irish": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by preceding word", "Iraqw": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by preceding word", "Jaminjung": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Javanese": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by preceding word", "Japanese": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by mixed or other strategies", "Kayardild": "Adjective may not occur without noun", "Koyra Chiini": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by prefix", "Koromfe": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Khalkha": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Nama": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Kanuri": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Korean": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by following word", "Korafe": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Kutenai": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Kwaza": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by suffix", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by mixed or other strategies", "Lai": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by mixed or other strategies", "Lango": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by preceding word", "Lezgian": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by suffix", "Lillooet": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Loven": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by preceding word", "Lucazi": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Malagasy": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by preceding word", "Maricopa": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Maung": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Maybrat": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by preceding word", "Mbugu": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Minangkabau": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Makassar": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Mangap-Mbula": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Mandarin": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by following word", "Mosetén": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Margi": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Martuthunira": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by prefix", "Ma'anyan": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by preceding word", "Neo-Aramaic (Arbel Jewish)": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by preceding word", "Nandi": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by preceding word", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Ndyuka": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by following word", "Ngizim": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Nakkara": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Nivkh (South Sakhalin)": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by suffix", "O'odham": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Panare": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Persian": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Russian-Chinese Pidgin (Birobidjan)": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Russian": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Sesotho": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Semelai": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by prefix", "Spanish": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Santali": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by suffix", "Supyire": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Swahili": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Tagalog": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Tamang (Eastern)": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Tawala": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Thai": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Tidore": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by preceding word", "Tiwi": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Tunen": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Tukang Besi": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Turkish": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Tatar": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Ura": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Vafsi": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Vietnamese": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by preceding word", "Wari'": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Watjarri": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Wirangu": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Yagua": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by suffix", "Yessan-Mayo": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Yidiny": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Yimas": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by suffix", "Yingkarta": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking", "Zulu": "Adjective may occur without noun, and without marking" }
62A
Action Nominal Constructions
Nominal Syntax
How are action nominal constructions marked in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Sentential - dependent-marking of the finite clause is retained for the single argument, the agent, and the patient; Possessive-Accusative - the single argument and the agent are treated as possessors, while the patient retains sentential marking; Ergative-Possessive - the single argument and the patient are treated as possessors, while the agent is treated differently; Double-Possessive - all major arguments are treated as possessors; Other - Minor patterns; Mixed - Several patterns in the same language; Restricted - not both the agent and the patient are treated in the same construction; No action nominals
{ "Abkhaz": "Ergative-Possessive - the single argument and the patient are treated as possessors, while the agent is treated differently", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Mixed - Several patterns in the same language", "Aghul": "Mixed - Several patterns in the same language", "Alamblak": "No action nominals", "Albanian": "Ergative-Possessive - the single argument and the patient are treated as possessors, while the agent is treated differently", "Amele": "Possessive-Accusative - the single argument and the agent are treated as possessors, while the patient retains sentential marking", "Amharic": "Possessive-Accusative - the single argument and the agent are treated as possessors, while the patient retains sentential marking", "Apalaí": "Ergative-Possessive - the single argument and the patient are treated as possessors, while the agent is treated differently", "Apurinã": "Sentential - dependent-marking of the finite clause is retained for the single argument, the agent, and the patient", "Archi": "Sentential - dependent-marking of the finite clause is retained for the single argument, the agent, and the patient", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Possessive-Accusative - the single argument and the agent are treated as possessors, while the patient retains sentential marking", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "No action nominals", "Avar": "Sentential - dependent-marking of the finite clause is retained for the single argument, the agent, and the patient", "Awa Pit": "No action nominals", "Akhvakh": "Sentential - dependent-marking of the finite clause is retained for the single argument, the agent, and the patient", "Bambara": "Double-Possessive - all major arguments are treated as possessors", "Bété": "Restricted - not both the agent and the patient are treated in the same construction", "Bezhta": "Sentential - dependent-marking of the finite clause is retained for the single argument, the agent, and the patient", "Burmese": "Other - Minor patterns", "Barasano": "Sentential - dependent-marking of the finite clause is retained for the single argument, the agent, and the patient", "Basque": "Sentential - dependent-marking of the finite clause is retained for the single argument, the agent, and the patient", "Bulgarian": "Ergative-Possessive - the single argument and the patient are treated as possessors, while the agent is treated differently", "Burushaski": "Sentential - dependent-marking of the finite clause is retained for the single argument, the agent, and the patient", "Buriat": "Possessive-Accusative - the single argument and the agent are treated as possessors, while the patient retains sentential marking", "Carib": "Ergative-Possessive - the single argument and the patient are treated as possessors, while the agent is treated differently", "Chamorro": "Other - Minor patterns", "Chukchi": "Restricted - not both the agent and the patient are treated in the same construction", "Chamalal": "Sentential - dependent-marking of the finite clause is retained for the single argument, the agent, and the patient", "Canela": "Sentential - dependent-marking of the finite clause is retained for the single argument, the agent, and the patient", "Cantonese": "No action nominals", "Cree (Plains)": "Restricted - not both the agent and the patient are treated in the same construction", "Carijona": "Ergative-Possessive - the single argument and the patient are treated as possessors, while the agent is treated differently", "Dan": "Double-Possessive - all major arguments are treated as possessors", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "No action nominals", "Dutch": "Ergative-Possessive - the single argument and the patient are treated as possessors, while the agent is treated differently", "English": "Mixed - Several patterns in the same language", "Estonian": "Mixed - Several patterns in the same language", "Evenki": "Possessive-Accusative - the single argument and the agent are treated as possessors, while the patient retains sentential marking", "Ewe": "Restricted - not both the agent and the patient are treated in the same construction", "Finnish": "Double-Possessive - all major arguments are treated as possessors", "Fulfulde (Nigerian)": "Restricted - not both the agent and the patient are treated in the same construction", "Fore": "No action nominals", "French": "Ergative-Possessive - the single argument and the patient are treated as possessors, while the agent is treated differently", "Gagauz": "No action nominals", "Georgian": "Ergative-Possessive - the single argument and the patient are treated as possessors, while the agent is treated differently", "German": "Ergative-Possessive - the single argument and the patient are treated as possessors, while the agent is treated differently", "Godoberi": "Sentential - dependent-marking of the finite clause is retained for the single argument, the agent, and the patient", "Gooniyandi": "No action nominals", "Greek (Modern)": "Ergative-Possessive - the single argument and the patient are treated as possessors, while the agent is treated differently", "Greenlandic (West)": "Restricted - not both the agent and the patient are treated in the same construction", "Guaraní": "Restricted - not both the agent and the patient are treated in the same construction", "Hausa": "Restricted - not both the agent and the patient are treated in the same construction", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Mixed - Several patterns in the same language", "Hindi": "Possessive-Accusative - the single argument and the agent are treated as possessors, while the patient retains sentential marking", "Hixkaryana": "Ergative-Possessive - the single argument and the patient are treated as possessors, while the agent is treated differently", "Hualapai": "No action nominals", "Hmong Njua": "No action nominals", "Hua": "No action nominals", "Hungarian": "Restricted - not both the agent and the patient are treated in the same construction", "Icelandic": "Other - Minor patterns", "Ika": "No action nominals", "Imonda": "No action nominals", "Indonesian": "Ergative-Possessive - the single argument and the patient are treated as possessors, while the agent is treated differently", "Ingush": "Sentential - dependent-marking of the finite clause is retained for the single argument, the agent, and the patient", "Inuktitut (Quebec-Labrador)": "Restricted - not both the agent and the patient are treated in the same construction", "Irish": "Mixed - Several patterns in the same language", "Iraqw": "Restricted - not both the agent and the patient are treated in the same construction", "Japanese": "Double-Possessive - all major arguments are treated as possessors", "Kayardild": "No action nominals", "Kabyle": "Ergative-Possessive - the single argument and the patient are treated as possessors, while the agent is treated differently", "Ket": "Restricted - not both the agent and the patient are treated in the same construction", "Koromfe": "Restricted - not both the agent and the patient are treated in the same construction", "Khalkha": "Possessive-Accusative - the single argument and the agent are treated as possessors, while the patient retains sentential marking", "Nama": "No action nominals", "Kiowa": "Restricted - not both the agent and the patient are treated in the same construction", "Kurmanji": "Ergative-Possessive - the single argument and the patient are treated as possessors, while the agent is treated differently", "Kilivila": "No action nominals", "Khmu'": "Restricted - not both the agent and the patient are treated in the same construction", "Kannada": "Mixed - Several patterns in the same language", "Kanuri": "Mixed - Several patterns in the same language", "Kobon": "Sentential - dependent-marking of the finite clause is retained for the single argument, the agent, and the patient", "Korean": "Sentential - dependent-marking of the finite clause is retained for the single argument, the agent, and the patient", "Krongo": "Possessive-Accusative - the single argument and the agent are treated as possessors, while the patient retains sentential marking", "Koyraboro Senni": "Restricted - not both the agent and the patient are treated in the same construction", "Kuot": "Restricted - not both the agent and the patient are treated in the same construction", "Kutenai": "No action nominals", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "No action nominals", "Lak": "Sentential - dependent-marking of the finite clause is retained for the single argument, the agent, and the patient", "Lango": "Possessive-Accusative - the single argument and the agent are treated as possessors, while the patient retains sentential marking", "Latvian": "Double-Possessive - all major arguments are treated as possessors", "Lavukaleve": "Sentential - dependent-marking of the finite clause is retained for the single argument, the agent, and the patient", "Lele": "Mixed - Several patterns in the same language", "Lezgian": "Sentential - dependent-marking of the finite clause is retained for the single argument, the agent, and the patient", "Lakhota": "No action nominals", "Linda": "Possessive-Accusative - the single argument and the agent are treated as possessors, while the patient retains sentential marking", "Luvale": "Possessive-Accusative - the single argument and the agent are treated as possessors, while the patient retains sentential marking", "Makah": "No action nominals", "Maori": "Mixed - Several patterns in the same language", "Mapudungun": "Possessive-Accusative - the single argument and the agent are treated as possessors, while the patient retains sentential marking", "Maricopa": "Possessive-Accusative - the single argument and the agent are treated as possessors, while the patient retains sentential marking", "Maung": "No action nominals", "Maybrat": "No action nominals", "Meithei": "No action nominals", "Maltese": "Double-Possessive - all major arguments are treated as possessors", "Mari (Meadow)": "Possessive-Accusative - the single argument and the agent are treated as possessors, while the patient retains sentential marking", "Mandarin": "No action nominals", "Martuthunira": "No action nominals", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "No action nominals", "Mangarrayi": "No action nominals", "Navajo": "No action nominals", "Nepali": "Sentential - dependent-marking of the finite clause is retained for the single argument, the agent, and the patient", "Nez Perce": "Possessive-Accusative - the single argument and the agent are treated as possessors, while the patient retains sentential marking", "Ngiyambaa": "No action nominals", "Nivkh": "Sentential - dependent-marking of the finite clause is retained for the single argument, the agent, and the patient", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "Sentential - dependent-marking of the finite clause is retained for the single argument, the agent, and the patient", "Nenets": "Possessive-Accusative - the single argument and the agent are treated as possessors, while the patient retains sentential marking", "Oneida": "No action nominals", "Oromo (Harar)": "Possessive-Accusative - the single argument and the agent are treated as possessors, while the patient retains sentential marking", "Panjabi": "Possessive-Accusative - the single argument and the agent are treated as possessors, while the patient retains sentential marking", "Paamese": "Restricted - not both the agent and the patient are treated in the same construction", "Pirahã": "Sentential - dependent-marking of the finite clause is retained for the single argument, the agent, and the patient", "Persian": "Ergative-Possessive - the single argument and the patient are treated as possessors, while the agent is treated differently", "Quiché": "Restricted - not both the agent and the patient are treated in the same construction", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Sentential - dependent-marking of the finite clause is retained for the single argument, the agent, and the patient", "Rama": "No action nominals", "Russian": "Ergative-Possessive - the single argument and the patient are treated as possessors, while the agent is treated differently", "Samoan": "Other - Minor patterns", "Sango": "Possessive-Accusative - the single argument and the agent are treated as possessors, while the patient retains sentential marking", "Selkup": "Possessive-Accusative - the single argument and the agent are treated as possessors, while the patient retains sentential marking", "Slave": "No action nominals", "Sanuma": "No action nominals", "Spanish": "Ergative-Possessive - the single argument and the patient are treated as possessors, while the agent is treated differently", "Squamish": "No action nominals", "Supyire": "Mixed - Several patterns in the same language", "Swahili": "Possessive-Accusative - the single argument and the agent are treated as possessors, while the patient retains sentential marking", "Swedish": "Other - Minor patterns", "Taba": "No action nominals", "Tagalog": "Possessive-Accusative - the single argument and the agent are treated as possessors, while the patient retains sentential marking", "Tepehua (Tlachichilco)": "Restricted - not both the agent and the patient are treated in the same construction", "Thai": "Mixed - Several patterns in the same language", "Tidore": "No action nominals", "Tamil": "Sentential - dependent-marking of the finite clause is retained for the single argument, the agent, and the patient", "Tommo So": "Restricted - not both the agent and the patient are treated in the same construction", "Trumai": "No action nominals", "Tsakhur": "Mixed - Several patterns in the same language", "Tukang Besi": "Double-Possessive - all major arguments are treated as possessors", "Turkish": "Possessive-Accusative - the single argument and the agent are treated as possessors, while the patient retains sentential marking", "Tuvan": "Possessive-Accusative - the single argument and the agent are treated as possessors, while the patient retains sentential marking", "Tuvaluan": "Mixed - Several patterns in the same language", "Vata": "Possessive-Accusative - the single argument and the agent are treated as possessors, while the patient retains sentential marking", "Vietnamese": "Possessive-Accusative - the single argument and the agent are treated as possessors, while the patient retains sentential marking", "Wai Wai": "Ergative-Possessive - the single argument and the patient are treated as possessors, while the agent is treated differently", "Wambaya": "No action nominals", "Wari'": "No action nominals", "Wichí": "Restricted - not both the agent and the patient are treated in the same construction", "Welsh": "Ergative-Possessive - the single argument and the patient are treated as possessors, while the agent is treated differently", "Wichita": "No action nominals", "Wikchamni": "Possessive-Accusative - the single argument and the agent are treated as possessors, while the patient retains sentential marking", "Warao": "Other - Minor patterns", "Warlpiri": "No action nominals", "Wayana": "Ergative-Possessive - the single argument and the patient are treated as possessors, while the agent is treated differently", "!Xun (Ekoka)": "Restricted - not both the agent and the patient are treated in the same construction", "Yagua": "Sentential - dependent-marking of the finite clause is retained for the single argument, the agent, and the patient", "Yaqui": "No action nominals", "Yimas": "Possessive-Accusative - the single argument and the agent are treated as possessors, while the patient retains sentential marking", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Possessive-Accusative - the single argument and the agent are treated as possessors, while the patient retains sentential marking", "Yoruba": "Restricted - not both the agent and the patient are treated in the same construction", "Yupik (Sirenik)": "Sentential - dependent-marking of the finite clause is retained for the single argument, the agent, and the patient" }
63A
Noun Phrase Conjunction
Nominal Syntax
How is noun phrase conjunction expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language?
AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical; WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical
{ "Abkhaz": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Alabama": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Acehnese": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Acholi": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Andoke": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Aghu": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Ainu": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Akan": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Alamblak": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Albanian": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Aleut": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Amele": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Amharic": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Apalaí": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Archi": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Armenian (Eastern)": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Asmat": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Avar": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Awtuw": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Babungo": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Bambara": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Bari": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Beja": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Banggai": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Birom": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Batak (Karo)": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Blackfoot": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Bilin": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Breton": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Bribri": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Burmese": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Basque": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Buli (in Indonesia)": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Bulgarian": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Burushaski": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Carib": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Chácobo": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Choctaw": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Chamorro": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Chukchi": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "CiLuba": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Chinook (Lower)": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Chemehuevi": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Canela": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Coos (Hanis)": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Coptic": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Cree (Plains)": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Chatino (Sierra Occidental)": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Daga": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Dinka": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Diyari": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Duala": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Dutch": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Dyirbal": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Ekari": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "English": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Estonian": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Even": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Ewe": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Fijian": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Finnish": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Fulfulde (Nigerian)": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "French": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Gaelic (Scots)": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Georgian": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Gidabal": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Galela": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Goajiro": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Greek (Modern)": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Gurenne": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Greenlandic (West)": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Guaraní": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Gumbaynggir": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Hausa": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Haitian Creole": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Hebrew (Modern)": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Hindi": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Hixkaryana": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Hungarian": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Icelandic": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Igbo": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Indonesian": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Irish": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Jabêm": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Jakaltek": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Jaqaru": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Japanese": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Ju|'hoan": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Kâte": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Kei": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Ket": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Khalkha": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Khmer": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Nama": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Khasi": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Kiowa": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Korku": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Kalispel": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Kannada": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Kaingang": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Kunama": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Kanuri": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Kobon": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Korean": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Kpelle": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Khanty": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Kwaio": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Kwakw'ala": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Lahu": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Latvian": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Luganda": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Lepcha": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Lezgian": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Lillooet": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Limbu": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Lisu": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Lithuanian": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Lakhota": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Linda": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Loniu": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Maasai": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Malagasy": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Maori": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Mapudungun": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Mangbetu": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Michif": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Meithei": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Menomini": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Miskito": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Mizo": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Maltese": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Mamvu": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Manchu": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Mandarin": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Manam": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Mordvin (Erzya)": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Mojave": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Mokilese": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Mooré": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Marind": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Margi": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Motu": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Mundari": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Mutsun": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Mixtec (Peñoles)": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Mangarrayi": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Navajo": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Ghulfan": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Ngbaka (Ma'bo)": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Nicobarese (Car)": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Ngankikurungkurr": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Ngalakan": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Nkore-Kiga": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Nenets": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Nuer": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Ojibwa (Severn)": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Oromo (Harar)": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Palauan": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Pipil": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Piro": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Pitjantjatjara": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Palor": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Pamona": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Polish": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Parji (Dravidian)": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Persian": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Romani (Kalderash)": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Romanian": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Rotuman": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Roti": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Russian": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Samoan": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Sango": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Serbian-Croatian": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Sedang": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Selknam": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Shona": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Shuswap": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Siuslaw": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Slave": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Sinhala": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Somali": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Spanish": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Squamish": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Sranan": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Serrano": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Swahili": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Swedish": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Tagalog": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Tahitian": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Tubu": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Tera": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Tigak": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Tigré": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Thai": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Tiwi": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Tolai": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Tlingit": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Tamil": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Turkana": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Temne": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Tondano": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Tok Pisin": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Tupi": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Turkish": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Tuscarora": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Tzutujil": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Urubú-Kaapor": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Usan": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Uzbek": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Vietnamese": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Wappo": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Wolof": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Waropen": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Waskia": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Yaqui": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Yavapai": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Yidiny": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Yakut": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Yoruba": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Yurok": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Zapotec (Isthmus)": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Zarma": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "AND-languages - 'and' and 'with' are not identical", "Zulu": "WITH-languages - 'and' and 'with' are identical" }
64A
Nominal and Verbal Conjunction
Nominal Syntax
How are nominal and verbal conjunctions expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical; Nominal and verbal conjunction are different; Nominal and verbal conjunction are primarily expressed by juxtaposition
{ "Abkhaz": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Abun": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Acehnese": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Acoma": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Agarabi": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Ainu": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Alamblak": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Arop-Lokep": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Alyawarra": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Amele": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Ambae (Lolovoli Northeast)": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are primarily expressed by juxtaposition", "Araona": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are primarily expressed by juxtaposition", "Apurinã": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are primarily expressed by juxtaposition", "Lokono": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Babungo": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Bagirmi": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Baka (in Cameroon)": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Bawm": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Bininj Gun-Wok": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Badimaya": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Batak (Karo)": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Brokskat": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Banoni": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Bozo (Tigemaxo)": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Brahui": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Basque": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Buduma": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Buma": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Burushaski": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Busa": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Bali-Vitu": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Cahuilla": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Chocho": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Chamorro": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Chechen": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Chukchi": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Chichewa": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Chemehuevi": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Canela": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Cantonese": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Coahuilteco": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Coos (Hanis)": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Coptic": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Cayuga": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Degema": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Dagbani": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Dhaasanac": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Dhivehi": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Djabugay": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Doyayo": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Drehu": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Dargwa": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Dullay (Gollango)": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "English": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Erromangan": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Evenki": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Ewondo": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Fijian": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Finnish": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Fongbe": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "French": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Gapapaiwa": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Garo": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Georgian": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "German": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Gunbalang": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Gola": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Gooniyandi": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are primarily expressed by juxtaposition", "Gurr-goni": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Greek (Modern)": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Greenlandic (West)": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Guaraní": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Gujarati": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Haida": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Hamtai": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Hatam": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Hausa": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Hawaiian": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Hindi": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Hixkaryana": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are primarily expressed by juxtaposition", "Hmong Njua": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Hoava": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Hungarian": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Hunzib": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Ika": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Imonda": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Indonesian": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Iraqw": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Italian": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Itzaj": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Jabêm": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Jakaltek": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Jaminjung": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are primarily expressed by juxtaposition", "Japanese": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Ju|'hoan": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Kambera": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Kana": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Kashmiri": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Kâte": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Kera": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Ket": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Koromfe": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Kalkatungu": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Nama": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Khasi": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Korku": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Kamaiurá": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Kombai": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Kham": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Khmu'": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Kugu Nganhcara": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are primarily expressed by juxtaposition", "Kannada": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Kanuri": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Koasati": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Kobon": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Kolami": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Korean": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Karen (Pwo)": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Kiribati": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Karok": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Krongo": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Kairiru": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Korowai": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Koyraboro Senni": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Khanty": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Kukú": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Kuot": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Kutenai": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Kwaio": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Lai": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Lak": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Lango": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Latvian": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Lavukaleve": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Laz": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Lele": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Lepcha": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Lezgian": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Longgu": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Lillooet": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Lakhota": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Lamang": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Lugbara": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Luvale": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Ma'di": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Maithili": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Mam": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Maori": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Mapudungun": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Maricopa": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Maybrat": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Mbili": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Monumbo": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Mbay": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Mocoví": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Madurese": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Meithei": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Mangghuer": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Musgu": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Marathi": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Midob": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Miya": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Maale": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Mandarin": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Mohawk": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Mosetén": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Marquesan": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Mundari": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Mupun": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Mussau": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Mangarrayi": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Malayalam": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Matsés": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are primarily expressed by juxtaposition", "Nabak": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Nagatman": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Navajo": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Ndebele": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Ndjébbana": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Nelemwa": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Nepali": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Nez Perce": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Ngalakan": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Nhanda": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are primarily expressed by juxtaposition", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Nias": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Niuafo'ou": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Niuean": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Nivkh": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Nkore-Kiga": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Nahuatl (Mecayapan Isthmus)": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Nsenga": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Nisgha": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Nuaulu": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Newar (Dolakha)": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Obolo": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "O'odham": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Oromo (Harar)": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Páez": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Paiwan": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Palauan": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Pech": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Pero": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Pitjantjatjara": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Paamese": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Paiute (Northern)": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Popoloca (Metzontla)": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Pirahã": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Persian": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Puluwat": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Purépecha": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Qafar": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Quechua (Huallaga)": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are primarily expressed by juxtaposition", "Qiang": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Retuarã": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Rotuman": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Russian": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Sango": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Southeast Ambrym": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Sangu": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Shoshone": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Siar": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Siuslaw": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Saami (Kildin)": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Selkup": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Slave": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Sanuma": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are primarily expressed by juxtaposition", "Saami (Northern)": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Sentani": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "So": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Somali": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Spanish": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Squamish": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Sudest": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Suena": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Sundanese": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Supyire": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Salt-Yui": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Taba": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Taiof": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Tagalog": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Tarao": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Tauya": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Tugun": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Thai": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Thompson": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Tidore": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Tigrinya": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Tikar": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Tinrin": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Tibetan (Shigatse)": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Tiwi": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are primarily expressed by juxtaposition", "Tobelo": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Tamil": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Tamabo": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Tommo So": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Tepehuan (Southeastern)": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Teribe": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Trumai": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Tsat": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Tetun": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Tukang Besi": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Turkish": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Tuvaluan": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Totonac (Xicotepec de Juárez)": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Tzutujil": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Udihe": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Udmurt": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Upper Kuskokwim": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Ulithian": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Usan": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Vafsi": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Vietnamese": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Walman": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Wari'": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Wichí": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Wolof": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Warao": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are primarily expressed by juxtaposition", "Wardaman": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Yagua": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are primarily expressed by juxtaposition", "Yaqui": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Yidiny": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Yimas": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are primarily expressed by juxtaposition", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Yoruba": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Yawelmani": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Yawuru": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Zapotec (Quiegolani)": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Zoque (Chimalapa)": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are largely identical", "Zulu": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different", "Zuni": "Nominal and verbal conjunction are different" }
65A
Perfective/Imperfective Aspect
Verbal Categories
How does the language mark the distinction between perfective and imperfective aspects in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction; No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction
{ "Abipón": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Abkhaz": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Acoma": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Afrikaans": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Ainu": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Akan": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Alamblak": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Alawa": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Alyawarra": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Amele": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Amharic": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Araona": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Apurinã": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Asmat": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Atchin": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Arabic (Tunisian)": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Avokaya": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Awngi": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Awa Pit": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Azerbaijani": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Bagirmi": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Bari": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Beja": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Bengali": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Baluchi": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Qaqet": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Bandjalang": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Bongu": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Brahui": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Burmese": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Barasano": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Basque": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Buli (in Indonesia)": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Bulgarian": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Burushaski": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Buriat": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Chácobo": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Cebuano": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Chamorro": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Chukchi": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Canela": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Cantonese": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Cocama": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Chinantec (Palantla)": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Chepang": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Cree (Plains)": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Chuukese": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Cheyenne": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Daga": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Didinga": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Diola-Fogny": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Engenni": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "English": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Evenki": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Ewe": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Fijian": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Finnish": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "French": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Georgian": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "German": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Gooniyandi": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Grebo": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Garífuna": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Greek (Modern)": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Greenlandic (West)": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Guaraní": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Gugada": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Halia": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Hausa": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Hawaiian": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Hebrew (Modern)": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Hindi": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Hixkaryana": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Hmong Njua": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Hungarian": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Hawaiian Creole": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Icelandic": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Imonda": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Indonesian": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Inuktitut (Salluit)": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Isekiri": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Jakaltek": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Javanese": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Jivaro": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Japanese": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Ju|'hoan": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Kayardild": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Ket": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Kewa": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Kriol (Fitzroy Crossing)": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Khalkha": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Khmer": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Nama": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Kikuyu": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Kiowa": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Kurmanji": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Khmu'": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Kannada": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Kanakuru": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Kanuri": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Koasati": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Korean": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Karok": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Krongo": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Koyraboro Senni": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Kui (in India)": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Kutenai": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Kuku-Yalanji": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Lahu": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Lai": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Lango": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Lao": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Latvian": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Lavukaleve": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Luganda": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Lezgian": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Lakhota": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Luvale": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Maithili": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Makah": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Malagasy": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Mano": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Maori": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Mapudungun": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Maricopa": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Maung": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Maybrat": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Meithei": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Maltese": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Mandarin": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Maidu (Northeast)": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Margi": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Martuthunira": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Montagnais": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Motu": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Mwera": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Mangarrayi": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Nakanai": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Ngäbere": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Nicobarese (Car)": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Ngiyambaa": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Ngambay": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Nimboran": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Nivkh": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Nenets": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Oneida": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Ono": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "O'odham": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Oromo (Harar)": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Paiwan": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Panjabi": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Palaung": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Pangasinan": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Portuguese": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Pirahã": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Persian": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Quechua (Cochabamba)": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Rama": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Rapanui": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Rawang": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Rendille": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Romanian": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Rukai (Tanan)": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Russian": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Sango": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Sesotho": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Shuswap": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Slave": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Semelai": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Seneca": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Sanuma": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Somali": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Spanish": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Suena": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Sundanese": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Supyire": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Swahili": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Swedish": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Tagalog": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Tahitian": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Tem": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Tangga": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Tigré": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Thai": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Tigrinya": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Tiwi": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Tamil": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Temne": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Tenyer": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Tojolabal": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Tok Pisin": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Tucano": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Tuareg (Ahaggar)": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Tukang Besi": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Turkish": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Udmurt": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Uyghur": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Vietnamese": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Wari'": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Wichí": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Wichita": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Wolof": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Wolaytta": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Worora": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Warao": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Yagua": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Yaqui": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Yucatec": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Yessan-Mayo": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Yagaria": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Yoruba": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Zulu": "Grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction", "Zuni": "No grammatical marking of perfective/imperfective distinction" }
66A
The Past Tense
Verbal Categories
How is the past vs. non-past tense distinction expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction; Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished; Past/non-past distinction marked - at least 4 degrees of remoteness distinguished; No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction
{ "Abipón": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Abkhaz": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Acoma": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Afrikaans": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Ainu": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Akan": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Alamblak": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Alawa": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Alyawarra": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Amele": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Amharic": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Araona": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Apurinã": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Asmat": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Atchin": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Arabic (Tunisian)": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Avokaya": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Awngi": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Awa Pit": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Azerbaijani": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Bagirmi": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Bari": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Beja": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Bengali": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Baluchi": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Qaqet": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Bandjalang": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Bongu": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Brahui": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Burmese": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Barasano": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Basque": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Buli (in Indonesia)": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Bulgarian": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Burushaski": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Buriat": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Chácobo": "Past/non-past distinction marked - at least 4 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Cebuano": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Chamorro": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Chukchi": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Canela": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Cantonese": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Cocama": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Chinantec (Palantla)": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Chepang": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Cree (Plains)": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Chuukese": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Cheyenne": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Daga": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Didinga": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Diola-Fogny": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Engenni": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "English": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Evenki": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Ewe": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Fijian": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Finnish": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "French": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Georgian": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "German": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Gooniyandi": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Grebo": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Garífuna": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Greek (Modern)": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Greenlandic (West)": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Guaraní": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Gugada": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Halia": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Hausa": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Hawaiian": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Hindi": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Hixkaryana": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Hmong Njua": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Hungarian": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Hawaiian Creole": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Icelandic": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Imonda": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Indonesian": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Inuktitut (Salluit)": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Isekiri": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Jakaltek": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Javanese": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Jivaro": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Japanese": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Ju|'hoan": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Kayardild": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Ket": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Kewa": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Kriol (Fitzroy Crossing)": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Khalkha": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Khmer": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Nama": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Kikuyu": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Kiowa": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Kurmanji": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Khmu'": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Kannada": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Kanakuru": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Kanuri": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Koasati": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Korean": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Karok": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Krongo": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Koyraboro Senni": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Kui (in India)": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Kutenai": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Kuku-Yalanji": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Lahu": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Lai": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Lango": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Lao": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Latvian": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Lavukaleve": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Luganda": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Lezgian": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Lakhota": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Luvale": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Maithili": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Makah": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Malagasy": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Mano": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Maori": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Mapudungun": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Maricopa": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Maung": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Maybrat": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Meithei": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Maltese": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Mandarin": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Maidu (Northeast)": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Margi": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Martuthunira": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Montagnais": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Motu": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Mwera": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Mangarrayi": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Nakanai": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Ngäbere": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Nicobarese (Car)": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Ngiyambaa": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Ngambay": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Nimboran": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Nivkh": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Nenets": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Oneida": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Ono": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "O'odham": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Oromo (Harar)": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Paiwan": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Panjabi": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Palaung": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Pangasinan": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Portuguese": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Pirahã": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Persian": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Quechua (Cochabamba)": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Rama": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Rapanui": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Rawang": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Rendille": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Romanian": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Rukai (Tanan)": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Russian": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Sango": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Sesotho": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Shuswap": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Slave": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Semelai": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Seneca": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Sanuma": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Somali": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Spanish": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Suena": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Sundanese": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Supyire": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Swahili": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Swedish": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Tagalog": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Tahitian": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Tem": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Tangga": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Tigré": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Thai": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Tigrinya": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Tiwi": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Tamil": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Temne": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Tenyer": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Tojolabal": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Tok Pisin": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Tucano": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Tuareg (Ahaggar)": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Tukang Besi": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Turkish": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Udmurt": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Uyghur": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Vietnamese": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Wari'": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Wichí": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Wichita": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Wolof": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Wolaytta": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Worora": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Warao": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Yagua": "Past/non-past distinction marked - at least 4 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Yaqui": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Yucatec": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Yessan-Mayo": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Yagaria": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Yoruba": "No grammatical marking of past/non-past distinction", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction", "Zulu": "Past/non-past distinction marked - 2-3 degrees of remoteness distinguished", "Zuni": "Past/non-past distinction marked - no remoteness distinction" }
67A
The Future Tense
Verbal Categories
How is the future tense expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction; No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction
{ "Abipón": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Abkhaz": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Acoma": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Afrikaans": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Ainu": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Akan": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Alamblak": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Alawa": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Alyawarra": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Amele": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Amharic": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Araona": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Apurinã": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Armenian (Eastern)": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Asmat": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Atchin": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Arabic (Tunisian)": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Avokaya": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Awngi": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Awa Pit": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Azerbaijani": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Bagirmi": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Bari": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Beja": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Bengali": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Baluchi": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Qaqet": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Bandjalang": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Bongu": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Brahui": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Burmese": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Barasano": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Basque": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Buli (in Indonesia)": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Bulgarian": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Burushaski": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Buriat": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Chácobo": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Cebuano": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Chamorro": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Chukchi": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Canela": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Cantonese": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Cocama": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Chinantec (Palantla)": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Chepang": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Cree (Plains)": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Chuukese": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Cheyenne": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Daga": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Didinga": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Diola-Fogny": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Engenni": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "English": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Evenki": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Ewe": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Fijian": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Finnish": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "French": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Georgian": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "German": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Gooniyandi": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Grebo": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Garífuna": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Greek (Modern)": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Greenlandic (West)": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Guaraní": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Gugada": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Halia": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Hausa": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Hawaiian": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Hindi": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Hixkaryana": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Hmong Njua": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Hungarian": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Hawaiian Creole": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Icelandic": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Imonda": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Indonesian": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Inuktitut (Salluit)": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Isekiri": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Jakaltek": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Javanese": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Jivaro": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Japanese": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Ju|'hoan": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Kayardild": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Ket": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Kewa": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Kriol (Fitzroy Crossing)": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Khalkha": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Khmer": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Nama": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Kikuyu": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Kiowa": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Kurmanji": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Khmu'": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Kannada": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Kanakuru": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Kanuri": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Koasati": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Korean": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Karok": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Krongo": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Koyraboro Senni": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Kui (in India)": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Kutenai": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Kuku-Yalanji": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Lahu": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Lai": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Lango": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Lao": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Latvian": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Lavukaleve": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Luganda": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Lezgian": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Lakhota": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Luvale": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Maithili": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Makah": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Malagasy": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Mano": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Maori": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Mapudungun": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Maricopa": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Maung": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Maybrat": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Meithei": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Maltese": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Mandarin": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Maidu (Northeast)": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Margi": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Martuthunira": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Montagnais": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Motu": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Mwera": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Mangarrayi": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Nakanai": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Ngäbere": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Nicobarese (Car)": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Ngiyambaa": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Ngambay": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Nimboran": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Nivkh": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Nenets": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Oneida": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Ono": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "O'odham": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Oromo (Harar)": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Paiwan": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Panjabi": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Palaung": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Pangasinan": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Portuguese": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Pirahã": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Persian": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Quechua (Cochabamba)": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Rama": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Rapanui": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Rawang": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Rendille": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Romanian": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Rukai (Tanan)": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Russian": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Sango": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Sesotho": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Shuswap": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Slave": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Semelai": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Seneca": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Sanuma": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Somali": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Spanish": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Suena": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Sundanese": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Supyire": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Swahili": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Swedish": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Tagalog": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Tahitian": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Tem": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Tangga": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Tigré": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Thai": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Tigrinya": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Tiwi": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Tamil": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Temne": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Tenyer": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Tojolabal": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Tok Pisin": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Tucano": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Tuareg (Ahaggar)": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Tukang Besi": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Turkish": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Udmurt": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Uyghur": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Vietnamese": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Wari'": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Wichí": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Wichita": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Wolof": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Wolaytta": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Worora": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Warao": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Yagua": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Yaqui": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Yucatec": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Yessan-Mayo": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Yagaria": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Yoruba": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Zulu": "Inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction", "Zuni": "No inflectional marking of future/non-future distinction" }
68A
The Perfect
Verbal Categories
How is the perfect aspect expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Perfect of the 'have'-type (derived from a possessive construction); Perfect derived from word meaning 'finish' or 'already'; Other perfect; No perfect
{ "Abipón": "No perfect", "Abkhaz": "Other perfect", "Acoma": "No perfect", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "No perfect", "Afrikaans": "Perfect derived from word meaning 'finish' or 'already'", "Ainu": "No perfect", "Akan": "Other perfect", "Alamblak": "No perfect", "Alawa": "No perfect", "Alyawarra": "Other perfect", "Amele": "Perfect derived from word meaning 'finish' or 'already'", "Amharic": "Other perfect", "Araona": "No perfect", "Apurinã": "No perfect", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Other perfect", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "No perfect", "Asmat": "Other perfect", "Atchin": "No perfect", "Arabic (Tunisian)": "No perfect", "Avokaya": "No perfect", "Awngi": "Other perfect", "Awa Pit": "No perfect", "Azerbaijani": "Other perfect", "Bagirmi": "No perfect", "Bari": "Other perfect", "Beja": "Other perfect", "Bengali": "Other perfect", "Baluchi": "Other perfect", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "No perfect", "Qaqet": "Other perfect", "Bandjalang": "No perfect", "Bongu": "Perfect derived from word meaning 'finish' or 'already'", "Brahui": "Other perfect", "Burmese": "Perfect derived from word meaning 'finish' or 'already'", "Barasano": "No perfect", "Basque": "Other perfect", "Buli (in Indonesia)": "Perfect derived from word meaning 'finish' or 'already'", "Bulgarian": "Other perfect", "Burushaski": "Other perfect", "Buriat": "Other perfect", "Chácobo": "No perfect", "Cebuano": "No perfect", "Chamorro": "No perfect", "Chukchi": "No perfect", "Canela": "No perfect", "Cantonese": "Other perfect", "Cocama": "Other perfect", "Chinantec (Palantla)": "Other perfect", "Chepang": "Other perfect", "Cree (Plains)": "No perfect", "Chuukese": "No perfect", "Cheyenne": "No perfect", "Daga": "No perfect", "Didinga": "No perfect", "Diola-Fogny": "No perfect", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "No perfect", "Engenni": "Perfect derived from word meaning 'finish' or 'already'", "English": "Perfect of the 'have'-type (derived from a possessive construction)", "Evenki": "Other perfect", "Ewe": "No perfect", "Fijian": "Perfect derived from word meaning 'finish' or 'already'", "Finnish": "Other perfect", "French": "Perfect of the 'have'-type (derived from a possessive construction)", "Georgian": "No perfect", "German": "Perfect of the 'have'-type (derived from a possessive construction)", "Gooniyandi": "No perfect", "Grebo": "Other perfect", "Garífuna": "Other perfect", "Greek (Modern)": "Perfect of the 'have'-type (derived from a possessive construction)", "Greenlandic (West)": "No perfect", "Guaraní": "No perfect", "Gugada": "No perfect", "Halia": "No perfect", "Hausa": "No perfect", "Hawaiian": "No perfect", "Hebrew (Modern)": "No perfect", "Hindi": "Other perfect", "Hixkaryana": "No perfect", "Hmong Njua": "No perfect", "Hungarian": "No perfect", "Hawaiian Creole": "No perfect", "Icelandic": "Perfect of the 'have'-type (derived from a possessive construction)", "Imonda": "Other perfect", "Indonesian": "Perfect derived from word meaning 'finish' or 'already'", "Inuktitut (Salluit)": "Perfect derived from word meaning 'finish' or 'already'", "Isekiri": "Perfect derived from word meaning 'finish' or 'already'", "Jakaltek": "No perfect", "Javanese": "Perfect derived from word meaning 'finish' or 'already'", "Jivaro": "Other perfect", "Japanese": "No perfect", "Ju|'hoan": "No perfect", "Kayardild": "No perfect", "Ket": "No perfect", "Kewa": "Other perfect", "Kriol (Fitzroy Crossing)": "No perfect", "Khalkha": "Other perfect", "Khmer": "Perfect derived from word meaning 'finish' or 'already'", "Nama": "Other perfect", "Kikuyu": "Other perfect", "Kiowa": "No perfect", "Kurmanji": "No perfect", "Khmu'": "Perfect derived from word meaning 'finish' or 'already'", "Kannada": "Other perfect", "Kanakuru": "No perfect", "Kanuri": "Other perfect", "Koasati": "No perfect", "Korean": "No perfect", "Karok": "Other perfect", "Krongo": "Other perfect", "Koyraboro Senni": "No perfect", "Kui (in India)": "Other perfect", "Kutenai": "No perfect", "Kuku-Yalanji": "No perfect", "Lahu": "Other perfect", "Lai": "Other perfect", "Lango": "No perfect", "Lao": "Perfect derived from word meaning 'finish' or 'already'", "Latvian": "Other perfect", "Lavukaleve": "No perfect", "Luganda": "Other perfect", "Lezgian": "Other perfect", "Lakhota": "No perfect", "Luvale": "Other perfect", "Maithili": "Other perfect", "Makah": "No perfect", "Malagasy": "No perfect", "Mano": "Other perfect", "Maori": "Other perfect", "Mapudungun": "No perfect", "Maricopa": "No perfect", "Maung": "No perfect", "Maybrat": "No perfect", "Meithei": "Perfect derived from word meaning 'finish' or 'already'", "Maltese": "No perfect", "Mandarin": "No perfect", "Maidu (Northeast)": "Other perfect", "Margi": "Other perfect", "Martuthunira": "No perfect", "Montagnais": "Other perfect", "Motu": "Other perfect", "Mwera": "Other perfect", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "No perfect", "Mangarrayi": "No perfect", "Nakanai": "Other perfect", "Ngäbere": "Other perfect", "Nicobarese (Car)": "No perfect", "Ngiyambaa": "No perfect", "Ngambay": "No perfect", "Nimboran": "No perfect", "Nivkh": "No perfect", "Nenets": "No perfect", "Oneida": "No perfect", "Ono": "No perfect", "O'odham": "Other perfect", "Oromo (Harar)": "Other perfect", "Paiwan": "Other perfect", "Panjabi": "Other perfect", "Palaung": "Other perfect", "Pangasinan": "No perfect", "Portuguese": "No perfect", "Pirahã": "No perfect", "Persian": "No perfect", "Quechua (Cochabamba)": "No perfect", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "No perfect", "Rama": "Other perfect", "Rapanui": "Other perfect", "Rawang": "Other perfect", "Rendille": "No perfect", "Romanian": "No perfect", "Rukai (Tanan)": "Other perfect", "Russian": "No perfect", "Sango": "No perfect", "Sesotho": "Other perfect", "Shuswap": "No perfect", "Slave": "Other perfect", "Semelai": "Perfect derived from word meaning 'finish' or 'already'", "Seneca": "No perfect", "Sanuma": "No perfect", "Somali": "No perfect", "Spanish": "Perfect of the 'have'-type (derived from a possessive construction)", "Suena": "No perfect", "Sundanese": "Perfect derived from word meaning 'finish' or 'already'", "Supyire": "Other perfect", "Swahili": "Other perfect", "Swedish": "Perfect of the 'have'-type (derived from a possessive construction)", "Tagalog": "No perfect", "Tahitian": "Other perfect", "Tem": "Other perfect", "Tangga": "No perfect", "Tigré": "Other perfect", "Thai": "Perfect derived from word meaning 'finish' or 'already'", "Tigrinya": "No perfect", "Tiwi": "No perfect", "Tamil": "Other perfect", "Temne": "Perfect derived from word meaning 'finish' or 'already'", "Tenyer": "Perfect derived from word meaning 'finish' or 'already'", "Tojolabal": "Other perfect", "Tok Pisin": "No perfect", "Tucano": "Other perfect", "Tuareg (Ahaggar)": "No perfect", "Tukang Besi": "No perfect", "Turkish": "No perfect", "Udmurt": "Other perfect", "Uyghur": "Other perfect", "Vietnamese": "Other perfect", "Wari'": "No perfect", "Wichí": "No perfect", "Wichita": "No perfect", "Wolof": "Other perfect", "Wolaytta": "No perfect", "Worora": "No perfect", "Warao": "No perfect", "Yagua": "No perfect", "Yaqui": "No perfect", "Yucatec": "No perfect", "Yessan-Mayo": "No perfect", "Yagaria": "Other perfect", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "No perfect", "Yoruba": "Perfect derived from word meaning 'finish' or 'already'", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Other perfect", "Zulu": "Other perfect", "Zuni": "No perfect" }
69A
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes
Verbal Categories
Where are tense-aspect affixes positioned in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Tense-aspect prefixes; Tense-aspect suffixes; Tense-aspect tone; Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary; No tense-aspect inflection
{ "Aari": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Abipón": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Abkhaz": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Arabana": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Abun": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Abui": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Acehnese": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Achagua": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Acholi": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Achumawi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Acoma": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Achuar": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Adang": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Adioukrou": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Adynyamathanha": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Agarabi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Agta (Central)": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Angami": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Anguthimri": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ainu": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Aja": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Akha": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Akan": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Alamblak": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Albanian": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Allentiac": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Aleut": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ala'ala": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Alune": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Alawa": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Alyawarra": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ambulas": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Amahuaca": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Amele": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Amharic": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Amanab": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Amo": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ambai": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Arabic (Moroccan)": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Anamuxra": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Araona": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Angas": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Anggor": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "//Ani": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Anejom": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Anindilyakwa": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Anufo": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Anywa": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Ao": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Mufian": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Apalaí": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Apatani": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Apurinã": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Apache (Western)": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Lokono": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Archi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Arabic (Gulf)": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Aribwatsa": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Arosi": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Arabic (Iraqi)": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Armenian (Western)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Asmat": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Assamese": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Arabic (Syrian)": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Atayal": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Athpare": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Atakapa": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Atsugewi": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Au": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Avar": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Avokaya": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Awa": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Arrernte (Western)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Aekyom": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Awa Pit": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Awtuw": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Awyi": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Anyi": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Aymara (Central)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Azerbaijani": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Azari (Iranian)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Barai": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Bachamal": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Baré": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Bagirmi": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Bai": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Bambara": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Bao'an": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Baure": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Bari": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Bau": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Bawm": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Babole": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Barambu": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Bininj Gun-Wok": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Bella Coola": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Badimaya": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Budu": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Beja": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Belhare": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Bemba": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Berta": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Berber (Figuig)": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Bugun": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Bongo": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Bagiro": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Bhojpuri": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Bila": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Binga": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Biri": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Biak": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Bilua": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Binandere": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Nai": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Birom": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Betta Kurumba": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Bikol": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Batak (Karo)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Bakueri": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Blackfoot": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Baoulé": "Tense-aspect tone", "Bilin": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Belorussian": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Balti": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Biloxi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Bimoba": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Burum": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Bandjalang": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Banoni": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Bilinarra": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Bularnu": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Boazi (Kuni)": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Bodo": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Boiken": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Bori": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Breton": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Berber (Rif)": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Brahui": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Bribri": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Burmese": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Burunge": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Bororo": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Barasano": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Baruya": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Bushoong": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Bashkir": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Basque": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Betoi": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Bontok": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Burarra": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Buduma": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Bulgarian": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Buin": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Burushaski": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Buriat": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Byansi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Bauzi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Cahuilla": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Camsá": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Carib": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Cashibo": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Campa (Axininca)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Cayapa": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Chumash (Barbareño)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Chácobo": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Chinantec (Comaltepec)": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Choctaw": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Carib (De'kwana)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Cebuano": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Cèmuhî": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Chambri": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Chechen": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Cherokee": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Chang": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Chaha": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Chimariko": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Chuj": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Chukchi": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Chantyal": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Chipewyan": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Chinantec (Quiotepec)": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Chrau": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Chin (Siyin)": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Chuvash": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Chontal (Huamelultec Oaxaca)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Chichewa": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Chinook (Lower)": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Chaldean (Modern)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Cholón": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Chemehuevi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Comanche": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Chontal Maya": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Canela": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Canamarí": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Cantonese": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Coahuilteco": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Cocama": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Coeur d'Alene": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Coos (Hanis)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Coptic": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Rumsien": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Chinantec (Palantla)": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Chipaya": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Chiquitano": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Cree (Plains)": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Cornish": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Carapana": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Chatino (Sierra Occidental)": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Chin (Tiddim)": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Chitimacha": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Cubeo": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Cuiba": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Cupeño": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Chatino (Yaitepec)": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Cayuvava": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Czech": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Daga": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Dan": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Dâw": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Donno So": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Dla (Proper)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Desano": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Deuri": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Dagbani": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Dongo": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Dagur": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Dharumbal": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Dhimal": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Dhargari": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Dharawal": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Digaro": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Dime": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Dinka": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Diola-Fogny": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Diyari": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Djabugay": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Djingili": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Djambarrpuyngu": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Djinang": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Djapu": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Djaru": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Dla (Menggwa)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Dumi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Domaaki": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Dimasa": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Domari": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Doyayo": "Tense-aspect tone", "Drehu": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Darma": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Danish": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Duka": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Duna": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Dutch": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Dyirbal": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Engenni": "Tense-aspect tone", "Eipo": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ekari": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Emberá (Northern)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Émérillon": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Enets": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "English": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Enggano": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Epena Pedee": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Efate (South)": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Ese Ejja": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Estonian": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Eudeve": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Evenki": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Even": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ewondo": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Fasu": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Fijian": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Finnish": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Fongbe": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Fore": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Momu": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "French": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Fulfulde (Adamawa)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Fur": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Futuna-Aniwa": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Fyem": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Gaagudju": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Gaelic (Scots)": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Gahuku": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Galo": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Great Andamanese": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Garo": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Gbaya (Southwest)": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Gadsup": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Georgian": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "German": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Gureng Gureng": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Gidabal": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Gimira": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Golin": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Gumawana": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Gumuz": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Gunbalang": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Gunin": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Goajiro": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Goemai": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Gogodala": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Gokana": "Tense-aspect tone", "Gondi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Gooniyandi": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Grebo": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Garífuna": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Guarijío": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Greek (Modern)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Garrwa": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Garus": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Greenlandic (West)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Guaraní": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Gude": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Gugada": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Guhu-Samane": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Gujarati": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Gumbaynggir": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Gurung": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Guugu Yimidhirr": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Gyarong (Cogtse)": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Haida": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Hakka": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Halia": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Hamtai": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Haruai": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Hatam": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Hausa": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Hayu": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Hindi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Hixkaryana": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Hualapai": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Hmar": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Huitoto (Minica)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Hmong Njua": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Hunde": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Ho": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Hopi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Hup": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Huastec": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Hua": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Huichol": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Huitoto (Murui)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Hungarian": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Hupa": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Haya": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Hunzib": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Iaai": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Iatmul": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Iban": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Icelandic": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Iduna": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Ifugao (Batad)": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Igbo": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ignaciano": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ingessana": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Iha": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ik": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ika": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ila": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Imonda": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Inanwatan": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Indonesian": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ingush": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Innamincka": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Iquito": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Irish": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Iraqw": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Irarutu": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Iranxe": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "I'saka": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Italian": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Itelmen": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Itonama": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Iwaidja": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Iwam": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Ixil": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Izi": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Jabêm": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Jakaltek": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Jaminjung": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Jaqaru": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Jebero": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Jino": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Jivaro": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Jur Mödö": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Jamsay": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Jingpho": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Japanese": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ju|'hoan": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Jukun": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Karajá": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Jarawara": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Karó (Arára)": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Kabardian": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Kachari": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kadugli": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Kambera": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Kana": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Kara (in Central African Republic)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kayardild": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kamba": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Kambot": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kanembu": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Karen (Bwe)": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Koyra Chiini": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Kele": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Kemant": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kera": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ket": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Kewa": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Koromfe": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kagulu": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Kalkatungu": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kirghiz": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Khalkha": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Khaling": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Khinalug": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Khalaj": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Khmer": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Nama": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Kharia": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Khasi": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Kikuyu": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Kimaghama": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Kinyarwanda": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Kiowa": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kirma": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Kisi": "Tense-aspect tone", "Kiwai (Southern)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Karakalpak": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Korku": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Lusi": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Klamath": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kalam": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kalispel": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Kilivila": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Kiliwa": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Kamaiurá": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kombai": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kham": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Karimojong": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kalmyk": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kuman": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Koiali (Mountain)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kunimaipa": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kamoro": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Kamass": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Khmu'": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Kamasau": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Kanum (Bädi)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kugu Nganhcara": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kannada": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Konni": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kanakuru": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kunama": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kinnauri": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kanuri": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Konkow": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kobon": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Koegu": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kokborok": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kolami": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Komo": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Kongo": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Komi-Permyak": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Korean": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kosraean": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Koya": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kapampangan": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Kiribati": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Karachay-Balkar": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kurdish (Central)": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Kresh": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Krahô": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kipea": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Karadjeri": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Karok": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Korana": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Krongo": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Kairiru": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Korowai": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Koryak": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Keresan (Santa Ana)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Koyraboro Senni": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Karen (Sgaw)": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Koita": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Katcha": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Kati (in West Papua, Indonesia)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Katla": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kathlamet": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Khanty": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kumauni": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kuot": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Kusunda": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kutenai": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Kuuku Ya'u": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kuvi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kwakw'ala": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kwangali": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Kwoma": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kwomtari": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Iwoyo": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Kwaza": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kuku-Yalanji": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kyaka": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Kyuquot": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kayabí": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Laal": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Lacandón": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ladakhi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Lagwan": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Lai": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Lalo": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Lango": "Tense-aspect tone", "Lao": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Laragia": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Latvian": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Lavukaleve": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Lunda": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Luganda": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Londo": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Lendu": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Leko": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Lega": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Lele": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Lenakel": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Lepcha": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Lese": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Lewo": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Lezgian": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Longgu": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Lhomi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Limbu": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Lithuanian": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Lakhota": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Lelemi": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Lamang": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Lamaholot": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Limilngan": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Lamani": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Lampung": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Linda": "Tense-aspect tone", "Lengua": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Loniu": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Lotha": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Lou": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Lugbara": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Luiseño": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Lungchang": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Luo": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Luvale": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Ma": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Maasai": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Maba": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Macushi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ma'di": "Tense-aspect tone", "Mae": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Magar": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Makah": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Malagasy": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Mam": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Maori": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Mapudungun": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Maricopa": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Masa": "Tense-aspect tone", "Maung": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Maybrat": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Mba": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Mbole": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Mbara": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Mangbetu": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Mochica": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Macedonian": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Mixe (Coatlán)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Mocoví": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Mende": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Matngele": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Madimadi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Mandan": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Mbodomo": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Meyah": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Me'en": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Mehri": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Meithei": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Mekens": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Manem": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Menomini": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Meryam Mir": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Mondunga": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Mangghuer": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Magi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Mungaka": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Marathi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Mehek": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Mien": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Miju": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Mikir": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Minangkabau": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Miskito": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Miya": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Mizo": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Mauka": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Mandinka (Gambian)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Mongol (Khamnigan)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Mikasuki": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Makasae": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Maklew": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Mikarew": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Maranungku": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Malakmalak": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Mari (Meadow)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Mambai": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Mamanwa": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Mamvu": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Muna": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Manchu": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Mandarin": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Maidu (Northeast)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Manggarai": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Moni": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Manam": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Mono (in United States)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Mansi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Margany": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Mordvin (Erzya)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Moghol": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Mohawk": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Mokilese": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Mombum": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Mon": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Mooré": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Mosetén": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Motuna": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Moru": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Maipure": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Mian": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Mpur": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Momuna": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Mara": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Marind": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Margi": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Marrithiyel": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Moraori": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Murle": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Moro": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Maringarr": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Mairasi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Martuthunira": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Muruwari": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Muisca": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Mising": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Masakin": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Masalit": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Musom": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Maisin": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Matuumbi": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Matukar": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Matis": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Motu": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Makua": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Bargam": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Muinane": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Mumuye": "Tense-aspect tone", "Mundari": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Mupun": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Mursi": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Mutsun": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Manobo (Western Bukidnon)": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Mwera": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Mwotlap": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Mixtec (Jicaltepec)": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Mixtec (Ocotepec)": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Mixtec (Peñoles)": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Mayogo": "Tense-aspect tone", "Mangarrayi": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Mazatec (Huautla)": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Nabak": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Nagatman": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Nahali": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Neo-Aramaic (Arbel Jewish)": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Nakanai": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Namia": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Nandi": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Nasioi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Navajo": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ngäbere": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Nicobarese (Car)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ncàm": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Ndebele": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Ndjébbana": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Ndonga": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ndut": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ndumu": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Ndyuka": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Nepali": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Nevome": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Newari (Kathmandu)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Nez Perce": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Nganasan": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ngad'a": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Ngiyambaa": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ngadjumaja": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ngalakan": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ngambay": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Ngandi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ngoni": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Naga (Tangkhul)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ngawun": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ngizim": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Nhanda": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Nahuatl (Huasteca)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Nahuatl (Michoacán)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Nahuatl (North Puebla)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Nias": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Nyishi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Niuean": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Nivkh": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ngalkbun": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Nkonya": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Nkore-Kiga": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Samo": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Nancowry": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Nocte": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Noghay": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Noni": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Norwegian": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Nar-Phu": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Nisenan": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ngiti": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ngaanyatjarra": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Nenets": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Nuaulu": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Nuer": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Nunggubuyu": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Nupe": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Newar (Dolakha)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Nyimang": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Nyamwezi": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Nyulnyul": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Nzakara": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Naga (Zeme)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ogbronuagum": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Obolo": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Ocuilteco": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Oksapmin": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Olo": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Omaha": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ömie": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Oneida": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "One": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Onge": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "O'odham": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ordos": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Oromo (Harar)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Orig": "Tense-aspect tone", "Orok": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Orokaiva": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Oromo (Waata)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Osage": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ossetic": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Otoro": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Oriya": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Pa'a": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Páez": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Paiwan": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Palauan": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Pame": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Panjabi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Päri": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Paumarí": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Pawaian": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Pima Bajo": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Folopa": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Pero": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Pilagá": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Piaroa": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Pipil": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Piro": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Pisa": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Paakantyi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Pokot": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Paulohi": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Palikur": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Pomo (Eastern)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Paamese": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Paiute (Northern)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Bunu (Younuo)": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Panyjima": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Pohnpeian": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Poko-Rawo": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Polish": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Portuguese": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Pitta Pitta": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Pare": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Pirahã": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Purki": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Persian": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Pashto": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Patwin": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Puluwat": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Pumi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Pungupungu": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Purépecha": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Pawnee": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Qawasqar": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Quechua (Huallaga)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Qiang": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Sipakapense": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Rama": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Rao": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Rapanui": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Rawang": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Remo": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Resígaro": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Retuarã": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Riantana": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Rikbaktsa": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Ritharngu": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Rembarnga": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Runyankore": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Romanian": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Rotuman": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Runyoro-Rutooro": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Rukai (Tanan)": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Rumu": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Runga": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Russian": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Rutul": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Rawa": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Romani (Welsh)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Sa'a": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Sahu": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Sakao": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Salinan": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Samoan": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Sango": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Sare": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Savi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Sáliba (in Colombia)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Serbian-Croatian": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Sandawe": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Sema": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Seri": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Sherdukpen": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Sherpa": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Sharanahua": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Shiriana": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Shilluk": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Shambala": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Shona": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Shoshone": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Klikitat": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Shasta": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Shatt": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Shuswap": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Shira Yughur": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Siane": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Sidaama": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Siona": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Sio": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Sisiqa": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Siuslaw": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Sikkimese": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Skou": "Tense-aspect tone", "Selkup": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Sikaritai": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Slave": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Saliba (in Papua New Guinea)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Sulung": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Selepet": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Seme": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Seminole": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Shina": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Sinaugoro": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Sinhala": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Sanuma": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Saami (Northern)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Sentani": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "So": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Soddo": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Somali": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Spanish": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Sarcee": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Sardinian": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Sirionó": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Siroi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Santa": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Stieng": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Santali": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Sotho (Northern)": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Subiya": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Suena": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Sungor": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Suki": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Sulka": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Sundanese": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Supyire": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Susu": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Savosavo": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Swahili": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Swedish": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Salt-Yui": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Taba": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Tacana": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Tagalog": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Tahitian": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Tajik": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Tamang (Eastern)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Tangale": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Tarao": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Tashlhiyt": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Tauya": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Tawala": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Tabare": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Tabla": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Tboli": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Tubu": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Tangbe": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Tarahumara (Central)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Tepehua (Huehuetla)": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Telugu": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Tennet": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Teop": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Tepehua (Tlachichilco)": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Tera": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Teso": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Tuareg (Ghat)": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Tigak": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Tshangla": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Thai": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Thangmi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Thulung": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Kuuk Thaayorre": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ticuna": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Tidore": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Timugon": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Tinrin": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Tiriyo": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Tiwi": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Tiipay (Jamul)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Tuki": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Takelma": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Tolai": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Tlingit": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Tobelo": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Tlapanec": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Tama": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Timucua": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Tamagario": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Tamil": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Temein": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Tibetan (Modern Literary)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Temiar": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Turkana": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Tanacross": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Temne": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Tongan": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Tunen": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Tondano": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Tenyer": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Toba": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Tonkawa": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Totonac (Misantla)": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Southern Toussian": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Tonga (in Zambia)": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Tepehuan (Northern)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Tepehuan (Southeastern)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Tapieté": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Teribe": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Trique (Copala)": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Tairora": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Trumai": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Torwali": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Tsafiki": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Tutelo": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Tetun": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Tsova-Tush": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Tucano": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Tukang Besi": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Tunica": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Turkish": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Tuscarora": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Tuvan": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Tuvaluan": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Tatar": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Tutsa": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Tarahumara (Western)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Tiwa (Northern)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Totonac (Xicotepec de Juárez)": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Tzotzil": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Tzutujil": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Ubykh": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Udi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Udmurt": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Uradhi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ukrainian": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Uldeme": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Ulithian": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Una": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ungarinjin": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Urdu": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Urubú-Kaapor": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Urak Lawoi'": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Urat": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Usan": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Usarufa": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Ute": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Uyghur": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Uzbek": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Vai": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Venda": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Vietnamese": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Wagiman": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Wahgi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Wai Wai": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Wakhi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Walman": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Wambaya": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Waorani": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Wappo": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Wari'": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Washo": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Watjarri": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Waunana": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Wayampi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Wambon": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Wichí": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Welsh": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Wembawemba": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Wichita": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Wikchamni": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Wintu": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Wirangu": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Wiyot": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Wolof": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Wolaytta": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "West Makian": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Wik Munkan": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Wogamusin": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Woleaian": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Warao": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Warrnambool": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Warrgamay": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Warekena": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Warlpiri": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Warndarang": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Warrwa": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Waray (in Australia)": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Waskia": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Watam": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Wyandot": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Xârâcùù": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Xavánte": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Kombio": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Xhosa": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Yagua": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Yahgan": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Yale (Kosarek)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Yao (in Malawi)": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Yapese": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Yaqui": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Yareba": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Yay": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Yucuna": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Yei": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Yelî Dnye": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Yagaria": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Yidiny": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Yimas": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Yindjibarndi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Yakut": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Yelmek": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Yingkarta": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Yansi": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Yokuts (Yaudanchi)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Yoruba": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Yup'ik (Central)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Yaqay": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Yurimangí": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Yukaghir (Tundra)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Yuchi": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Yukulta": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Yulu": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Yurok": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Yuwaalaraay": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Yawelmani": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Yaygir": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Beria": "Combination of tense-aspect strategies with none primary", "Zapotec (Isthmus)": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Zande": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Zapotec (Mitla)": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Zayse": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Zoque (Chimalapa)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Zhuang (Northern)": "No tense-aspect inflection", "Zimakani": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Zaparo": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Zoque (Ostuacan)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Popoluca (Sierra)": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Zulu": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Zuni": "Tense-aspect suffixes", "Zapotec (Yatzachi)": "Tense-aspect prefixes", "Zapotec (Zoogocho)": "Tense-aspect prefixes" }
70A
The Morphological Imperative
Verbal Categories
How is the imperative form expressed morphologically in the <LANGUAGE> language?
The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives; The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives; The language has morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives; The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural; The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all
{ "Arabic (Chadian)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Abkhaz": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Abun": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Acehnese": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Acholi": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Acoma": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Achuar": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Andoke": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Agarabi": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Angolar": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Ainu": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Akan": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Alamblak": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Albanian": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Alawa": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Amele": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Amharic": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Arabic (Moroccan)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Araona": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Arabic (North Levantine Spoken)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Anufo": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Ao": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Arabic (Palestinian)": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Apinayé": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Apalaí": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Apatani": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Apurinã": "The language has morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives", "Arandai": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Arabic (Gulf)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Araki": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Armenian (Eastern)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Arabic (San'ani)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Asmat": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Athpare": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Avar": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Avokaya": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Awa Pit": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Aymara (Central)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Ayoreo": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Azari (Iranian)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Babungo": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Baré": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Bagirmi": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Bambara": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Bawm": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Bininj Gun-Wok": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Budukh": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Beja": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Belhare": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Bemba": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Berta": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Berber (Figuig)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Bhumij": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Biri": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Birom": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Batak (Karo)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Brokskat": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Breton": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Brahui": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Burmese": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Bororo": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Barasano": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Birri": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Bashkir": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Basque": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Buduma": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Bukusu": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Bulgarian": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Burushaski": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Cahuilla": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Cakchiquel": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Carib": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Cayapa": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Chinantec (Comaltepec)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Cebuano": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Chechen": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Chuj": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Chukchi": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Chrau": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Chuvash": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Chaldean (Modern)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Chemehuevi": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Camling": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Comanche": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Canela": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Cantonese": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Chortí": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Coos (Hanis)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Cora": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Cree (Plains)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Chiriguano": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Cashinahua": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Chinantec (Tepetotutla)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Catalan": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Cayuvava": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Czech": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Daga": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Damana": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Dabida": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Desano": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Dagur": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Digaro": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Diola-Fogny": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Dizi": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Djabugay": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Djapu": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Dumi": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Dong (Southern)": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Drehu": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Danish": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Dutch": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Dyirbal": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Engenni": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Ekari": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Emberá (Northern)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Embera Chami": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "English": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Epena Pedee": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Erromangan": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Estonian": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Evenki": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Even": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Ewe": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Faroese": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Fijian": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Finnish": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "French": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Frisian": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Fulfulde (Adamawa)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Futuna (East)": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Fur": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Fyem": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Gamo": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Garo": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Gbaya (Northwest)": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Georgian": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "German": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Gimira": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Galician": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Galela": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Gumuz": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Godoberi": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Gojri": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Gooniyandi": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Grebo": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Greek (Modern)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Greenlandic (West)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Guaraní": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Gujarati": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Gumbaynggir": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Gwari": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Haida": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Hamtai": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Hatam": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Hausa": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Hawaiian": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Hayu": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Hebrew (Modern)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Herero": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Hindi": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Hixkaryana": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Halkomelem (Upriver)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Hmong Daw": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Huitoto (Minica)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Hmong Njua": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Hamer": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Huichol": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Hungarian": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Haya": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Hunzib": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Iaai": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Icelandic": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Idoma": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Igbo": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Ik": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Ika": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Imonda": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Indonesian": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Ingush": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Iquito": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Irish": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Iraqw": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Italian": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Jabêm": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Jakaltek": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Jaqaru": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Izere": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Jebero": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Japanese": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Ju|'hoan": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Kambera": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Kashmiri": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Kayardild": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Kabyle": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Kadiwéu": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Kei": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Kera": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Ket": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Kewa": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Koromfe": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Khalkha": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Khakas": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Khmer": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Nama": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Kiluba": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Kimaghama": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Kiowa": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Kisi": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Kiwai (Southern)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Konkani": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Klamath": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Kilivila": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Kalmyk": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Kunimaipa": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Kamass": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Khmu'": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Kannada": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Kunama": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Kanuri": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Koasati": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Kobon": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Kodava": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Koiari": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Kokborok": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Kongo": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Korean": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Ko (Winye)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Kpelle": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Kiribati": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Karachay-Balkar": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Kurdish (Central)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Karok": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Korana": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Krongo": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Kerek": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Karata": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Koyraboro Senni": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Kete": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Khanty": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Kui (in India)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Kutenai": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Kuvi": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Kwaio": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Kanjobal (Western)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Kwamera": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Kawaiisu": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Kenyang": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Ladakhi": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Lak": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Lango": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Latvian": "The language has morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives", "Lavukaleve": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Laz": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Lepcha": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Lezgian": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Logoti": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Lillooet": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Limbu": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Lingala": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Lithuanian": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Lakhota": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Linda": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Lengua": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Ladino": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Lobi": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Loniu": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Lotha": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Lozi": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Lugbara": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Luo": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Luvale": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Maba": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Macushi": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Ma'di": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Maithili": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Makah": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Malagasy": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Mam": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Mano": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Maori": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Mapudungun": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Maricopa": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Maung": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Maybrat": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Mbabaram": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Mbugu": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Monumbo": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Mbay": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Macedonian": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Mende": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Mundang": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Mandinka": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Mandan": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Mehri": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Meithei": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Mongo": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Marathi": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Mbalanhu": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Mikir": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Miya": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Maranungku": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Maale": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Maltese": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Mari (Meadow)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Muna": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Mandarin": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Manam": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Mansi": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Manx": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Mordvin (Erzya)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Mokilese": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Mon": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Mopan": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Mosetén": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Marind": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Margi": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Murle": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Moro": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Martuthunira": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Mising": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Masalit": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Mulao": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Mumuye": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Mundari": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Mupun": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Mundurukú": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Mwera": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Mwotlap": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Mixtec (Yosondúa)": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Mangarrayi": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Malayalam": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Nandi": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Neo-Aramaic (Persian Azerbaijan)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Navajo": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Ngbaka (Ma'bo)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Nicobarese (Car)": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Ndogo": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Ndyuka": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Nelemwa": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Nenets (Forest)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Nez Perce": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Nganasan": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Ngiyambaa": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Ngalakan": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Naga (Tangkhul)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Nimboran": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Nivkh": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Nkonya": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Nkore-Kiga": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Naga (Mao)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Nyanga": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Noon": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Norwegian": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Naga Pidgin": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Ngiti": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Nateni": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Nenets": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Nubi": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Nunggubuyu": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Nyawaygi": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Obolo": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Occitan": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Otomí (Ixtenco)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Okanagan": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Oneida": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Onge": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "O'odham": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Oromo (Harar)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Ossetic": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Paiwan": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Palauan": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Panjabi": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Paumarí": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Pima Bajo": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Pech": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Pipil": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Pitjantjatjara": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Paulohi": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Paamese": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Pangasinan": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Paiute (Northern)": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Panyjima": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Polish": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Portuguese": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Pitta Pitta": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Pirahã": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Purki": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Persian": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Paita": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Purépecha": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Quechua (Tarma)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Rama": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Rapanui": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Romani (Ajia Varvara)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Retuarã": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Romani (Kalderash)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Romanian": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Romansch (Sursilvan)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Russian": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Rawa": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Sango": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Sapuan": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Sawu": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Serbian-Croatian": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Sandawe": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Seediq": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Selknam": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Sema": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Sengele": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Sangu": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Shabo": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Shipibo-Konibo": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Shilluk": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Shuswap": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Skou": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Slave": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Saliba (in Papua New Guinea)": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Slovene": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Semelai": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Sanuma": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Saami (Northern)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Sentani": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "So": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Sorbian (Upper)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Spanish": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Sardinian": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Sotho (Northern)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Suena": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Sungor": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Supyire": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Susu": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Svan": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Swahili": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Swedish": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Taba": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Tagalog": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Tahitian": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Tashlhiyt": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Tauya": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Tubu": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Tehuelche": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Telugu": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Tem": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Tera": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Tetela": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Tigré": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Thai": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Thakali": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Tinrin": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Tiriyo": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Tiwi": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Tokelauan": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Takelma": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Tlingit": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Tamil": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Tommo So": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Turkana": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Tanacross": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Tondano": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Tonkawa": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Toratán": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Totonac (Misantla)": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Tepehuan (Northern)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Trique (Copala)": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Trumai": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Tsakhur": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Tsafiki": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Tetun": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Tsova-Tush": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Tukang Besi": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Tunica": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Turkish": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Tuvan": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Tuvaluan": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Tatar": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Totonac (Xicotepec de Juárez)": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Tzotzil": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Tzutujil": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Udihe": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Udi": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Ukrainian": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Uldeme": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Uma": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Una": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Urubú-Kaapor": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular imperatives but no morphologically dedicated second plural imperatives", "Urak Lawoi'": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Uzbek": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Vagla": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Vai": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Vietnamese": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Votic": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Wambaya": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Wappo": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Wari'": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Watjarri": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Waunana": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Wichí": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Welsh": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Wichita": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Wiyot": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Wolof": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Wallisian": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Wolio": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Warao": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Wardaman": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Warrgamay": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Warekena": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Warembori": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Wathawurrung": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Woiwurrung": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Yagua": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Yapese": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Yaqui": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Yidiny": "The language has morphologically dedicated second person imperatives that do not distinguish between singular and plural", "Yimas": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Yakoma": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Yingkarta": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Yanyuwa": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Yoruba": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all", "Yup'ik (Central)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Yukulta": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Yurok": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Yupik (Siberian)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Zazaki": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Zenaga": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Popoluca (Sierra)": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Zulu": "The language has morphologically dedicated second singular as well as second plural imperatives", "Zuni": "The language has no morphologically dedicated second-person imperatives at all" }
71A
The Prohibitive
Verbal Categories
How is the prohibitive expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language?
The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives; The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives; The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives; The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives
{ "Arabic (Chadian)": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Abkhaz": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Acehnese": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Acholi": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Acoma": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Achuar": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Agarabi": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Angolar": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Aguacatec": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Ainu": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Akan": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Alamblak": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Albanian": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Amele": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Amharic": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Amo": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Arabic (Moroccan)": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Araona": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Arabic (North Levantine Spoken)": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Anufo": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Ao": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Arabic (Palestinian)": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Apalaí": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Apatani": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Arabic (Gulf)": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Araki": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Armenian (Eastern)": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Arabic (San'ani)": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Athpare": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Au": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Avar": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Awa Pit": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Aymara (Central)": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Ayoreo": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Azari (Iranian)": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Babungo": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Baré": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Bafut": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Bagirmi": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Bajau (Sama)": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Bambara": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Bawm": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Babole": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Budukh": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Beja": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Bemba": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Berta": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Berber (Figuig)": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Bhumij": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Biri": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Batak (Karo)": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Bribri": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Burmese": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Bororo": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Barasano": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Birri": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Bashkir": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Basque": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Buduma": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Bukusu": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Bulgarian": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Burushaski": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Cahuilla": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Cayapa": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Chinantec (Comaltepec)": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Cebuano": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Chamorro": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Chechen": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Chukchi": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Chrau": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Chuvash": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Chemehuevi": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Camling": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Comanche": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Canela": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Cantonese": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Chortí": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Coos (Hanis)": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Cora": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Cree (Plains)": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Chiriguano": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Cashinahua": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Chinantec (Tepetotutla)": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Catalan": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Czech": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Damana": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Dabida": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Desano": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Digaro": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Diola-Fogny": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Dizi": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Djabugay": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Djapu": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Dumi": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Dong (Southern)": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Drehu": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Danish": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Dutch": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Dyirbal": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Engenni": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Ekari": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Emberá (Northern)": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Embera Chami": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "English": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Epena Pedee": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Erromangan": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Estonian": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Evenki": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Even": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Ewe": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Faroese": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Fijian": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Finnish": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "French": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Frisian": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Fulfulde (Adamawa)": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Futuna (East)": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Fur": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Fyem": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Garo": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "German": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Gimira": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Galician": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Galela": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Gumuz": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Godoberi": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Gojri": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Gooniyandi": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Grebo": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Greek (Modern)": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Greenlandic (West)": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Guaraní": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Gumbaynggir": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Gwari": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Hamtai": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Hatam": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Hausa": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Hawaiian": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Hayu": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Hebrew (Modern)": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Herero": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Hindi": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Hixkaryana": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Huitoto (Minica)": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Hmong Njua": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Hamer": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Hungarian": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Haya": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Hunzib": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Iaai": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Icelandic": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Idoma": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Igbo": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Ika": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Imonda": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Indonesian": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Ingush": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Iquito": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Irish": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Iraqw": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Italian": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Jabêm": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Jakaltek": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Jaqaru": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Izere": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Jebero": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Japanese": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Ju|'hoan": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Kambera": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Kashmiri": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Kayardild": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Kadiwéu": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Kei": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Kera": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Ket": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Kewa": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Koromfe": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Khalkha": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Khakas": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Khmer": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Nama": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Kiluba": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Kimaghama": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Kiowa": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Kisi": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Kiwai (Southern)": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Konkani": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Klamath": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Kilivila": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Kalmyk": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Kunimaipa": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Kamass": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Khmu'": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Kannada": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Kunama": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Kanuri": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Koasati": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Kobon": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Kodava": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Koiari": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Kokborok": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Kongo": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Korean": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Ko (Winye)": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Kpelle": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Kiribati": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Karachay-Balkar": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Karok": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Korana": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Krongo": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Kerek": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Karata": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Koyraboro Senni": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Kete": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Khanty": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Kui (in India)": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Kuvi": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Kwaio": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Kwakw'ala": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Kwamera": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Kawaiisu": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Kenyang": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Ladakhi": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Lak": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Lango": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Latvian": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Lavukaleve": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Laz": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Lepcha": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Lewo": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Lezgian": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Lillooet": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Limbu": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Lingala": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Lithuanian": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Lakhota": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Linda": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Lengua": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Ladino": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Lobi": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Loniu": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Lotha": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Lozi": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Lugbara": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Luo": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Luvale": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Maba": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Macushi": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Ma'di": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Maithili": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Makah": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Malagasy": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Mam": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Maori": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Mapudungun": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Maricopa": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Maung": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Maybrat": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Mbabaram": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Mbugu": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Monumbo": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Mbay": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Macedonian": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Mende": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Mundang": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Mandinka": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Mandan": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Mehri": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Meithei": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Mongo": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Marathi": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Mbalanhu": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Mikir": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Miya": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Maranungku": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Maale": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Maltese": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Mari (Meadow)": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Muna": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Mandarin": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Manam": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Mansi": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Mordvin (Erzya)": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Mokilese": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Mon": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Mosetén": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Marind": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Moro": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Martuthunira": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Mising": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Masalit": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Mulao": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Mumuye": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Mundari": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Mwera": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Mwotlap": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Mixtec (Yosondúa)": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Mangarrayi": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Malayalam": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Nadëb": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Navajo": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Ngbaka (Ma'bo)": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Nicobarese (Car)": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Ndogo": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Ndyuka": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Nelemwa": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Nenets (Forest)": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Nganasan": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Ngiyambaa": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Naga (Tangkhul)": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Nkore-Kiga": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Naga (Mao)": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Nyanga": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Nuni (Northern)": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Noon": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Norwegian": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Naga Pidgin": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Nateni": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Nenets": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Nubi": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Nunggubuyu": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Nyawaygi": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Obolo": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Otomí (Ixtenco)": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Okanagan": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Oneida": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Oromo (Harar)": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Ossetic": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Paiwan": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Palauan": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Panjabi": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Paumarí": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Pima Bajo": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Pech": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Pipil": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Pitjantjatjara": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Paulohi": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Paamese": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Pangasinan": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Paiute (Northern)": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Panyjima": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Polish": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Portuguese": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Pitta Pitta": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Purki": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Persian": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Paita": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Purépecha": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Quechua (Tarma)": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Rama": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Rapanui": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Romani (Ajia Varvara)": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Retuarã": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Romani (Kalderash)": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Romanian": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Romansch (Sursilvan)": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Russian": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Rawa": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Sango": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Sapuan": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Sawu": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Serbian-Croatian": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Selknam": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Sema": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Sengele": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Sangu": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Shabo": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Shipibo-Konibo": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Shilluk": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Shuswap": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Skou": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Saliba (in Papua New Guinea)": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Slovene": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Semelai": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Sanuma": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Saami (Northern)": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Sentani": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "So": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Sorbian (Upper)": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Spanish": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Squamish": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Sardinian": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Sotho (Northern)": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Sungor": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Supyire": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Susu": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Svan": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Swahili": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Swedish": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Taba": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Tagalog": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Tahitian": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Tashlhiyt": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Tauya": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Tubu": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Telugu": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Tem": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Teop": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Tera": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Tetela": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Tigré": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Thai": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Thakali": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Tinrin": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Tiriyo": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Tiwi": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Tokelauan": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Tamil": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Tommo So": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Turkana": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Tondano": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Tonkawa": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Toratán": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Totonac (Misantla)": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Tepehuan (Northern)": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Trique (Copala)": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Trumai": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Tsakhur": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Tetun": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Tsova-Tush": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Tukang Besi": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Tunica": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Turkish": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Tuvan": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Tuyuca": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Tatar": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Totonac (Xicotepec de Juárez)": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Udihe": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Udi": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Ukrainian": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Uma": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Una": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Urubú-Kaapor": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Urak Lawoi'": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Uzbek": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Vagla": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Vai": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Vietnamese": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Votic": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Waorani": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Wappo": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Wari'": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Waunana": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Wayampi": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Wichí": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Welsh": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Wichita": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Wiyot": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Wolof": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Wallisian": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Wolio": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Warao": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Wardaman": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Warrgamay": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Warekena": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Warlpiri": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Warembori": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Wathawurrung": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Woiwurrung": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Yagua": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Yapese": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Yaqui": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Yidiny": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Yimas": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Yakoma": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Yingkarta": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Yanyuwa": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Yup'ik (Central)": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Yurimangí": "The prohibitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Yukulta": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Yurok": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Yupik (Siberian)": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Zazaki": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Zenaga": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy found in (indicative) declaratives", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Zulu": "The prohibitive uses a verbal construction other than the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives", "Zuni": "The prohbitive uses the verbal construction of the second singular imperative and a sentential negative strategy not found in (indicative) declaratives" }
72A
Imperative-Hortative Systems
Verbal Categories
What are the features of imperative-hortative systems in the <LANGUAGE> language?
The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one; The language has a minimal system, but not a maximal one; The language has both a maximal and a minimal system; The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system
{ "Abkhaz": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Acoma": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Achuar": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Aleut (Eastern)": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Ainu": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Alamblak": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Albanian": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Amele": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Amharic": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Arabic (Moroccan)": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Araona": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Arabic (North Levantine Spoken)": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Anufo": "The language has a minimal system, but not a maximal one", "Apalaí": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Apurinã": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Araki": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Armenian (Eastern)": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Asmat": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Athpare": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Avar": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Awngi": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Awa Pit": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Aymara (Central)": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Ayoreo": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Bagirmi": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Bambara": "The language has both a maximal and a minimal system", "Bawm": "The language has a minimal system, but not a maximal one", "Bemba": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Berta": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Birom": "The language has both a maximal and a minimal system", "Batak (Karo)": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Brahui": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Burmese": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Bororo": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Barasano": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Bashkir": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Basque": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Bukusu": "The language has both a maximal and a minimal system", "Bulgarian": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Burushaski": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Cahuilla": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Cakchiquel": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Carib": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Cayapa": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Cebuano": "The language has both a maximal and a minimal system", "Chamorro": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Chukchi": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Chrau": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Chuvash": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Chaldean (Modern)": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "The language has a minimal system, but not a maximal one", "Comanche": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Canela": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Chortí": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Coos (Hanis)": "The language has a minimal system, but not a maximal one", "Coptic": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Cora": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Cree (Plains)": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Chiriguano": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Cashinahua": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Catalan": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Czech": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Daga": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Dabida": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Digaro": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Diola-Fogny": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Drehu": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Danish": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Dutch": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Dyula": "The language has a minimal system, but not a maximal one", "Ekari": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Emberá (Northern)": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "English": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Epena Pedee": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Erromangan": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Estonian": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Evenki": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Even": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Ewe": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Faroese": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Fijian": "The language has both a maximal and a minimal system", "Finnish": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "French": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Fulfulde (Adamawa)": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Fur": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Fyem": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Gamo": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Garo": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Gbaya (Northwest)": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Georgian": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "German": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Gumuz": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Gooniyandi": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Grebo": "The language has a minimal system, but not a maximal one", "Greek (Modern)": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Greenlandic (West)": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Guaraní": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Gumbaynggir": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Gwari": "The language has a minimal system, but not a maximal one", "Haida": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Hamtai": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Hausa": "The language has both a maximal and a minimal system", "Hawaiian": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Hayu": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Hebrew (Modern)": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Herero": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Hindi": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Hixkaryana": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Halkomelem (Upriver)": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Hmong Daw": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Hmong Njua": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Huitoto (Murui)": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Hungarian": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Hunzib": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Iaai": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Icelandic": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Idoma": "The language has a minimal system, but not a maximal one", "Igbo": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "The language has a minimal system, but not a maximal one", "Ika": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Imonda": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Indonesian": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Ingush": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Iquito": "The language has a minimal system, but not a maximal one", "Irish": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Iraqw": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Italian": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Jakaltek": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Jaqaru": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Javanese": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Jebero": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Japanese": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Ju|'hoan": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Kayardild": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "K'ekchí": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Kera": "The language has both a maximal and a minimal system", "Ket": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Kewa": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Koromfe": "The language has both a maximal and a minimal system", "Kagoma": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Khalkha": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Nama": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Kiluba": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Kimaghama": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Kiowa": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Kiwai (Southern)": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Konkani": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Klamath": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Kilivila": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Kalmyk": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Kunimaipa": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Khmu'": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Kannada": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Kunama": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Kanuri": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Koasati": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Kobon": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Kokborok": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Kongo": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Korean": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Ko (Winye)": "The language has a minimal system, but not a maximal one", "Kpelle": "The language has both a maximal and a minimal system", "Kiribati": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Karok": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Korana": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Krongo": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Kerek": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Karata": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Koyraboro Senni": "The language has both a maximal and a minimal system", "Kasem": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Kete": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Kui (in India)": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Kutenai": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Kuvi": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Kwaio": "The language has a minimal system, but not a maximal one", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Ladakhi": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Lak": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Lango": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Latvian": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Lavukaleve": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Laz": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Lepcha": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Lezgian": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Logoti": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Lingala": "The language has both a maximal and a minimal system", "Lithuanian": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Lakhota": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Linda": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Ladino": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Lozi": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Lugbara": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Luo": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Luvale": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Maba": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Macushi": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Maithili": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Makah": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Malagasy": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Mam": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Mano": "The language has a minimal system, but not a maximal one", "Maori": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Mapudungun": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Maricopa": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Maybrat": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Macedonian": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Mende": "The language has both a maximal and a minimal system", "Mundang": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Mandinka": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Meithei": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Mongo": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Marathi": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Mikir": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Miya": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Mankanya": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Maranungku": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Maale": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Maltese": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Mari (Meadow)": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Muna": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Mandarin": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Manam": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Mokilese": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Mon": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Mooré": "The language has both a maximal and a minimal system", "Mopan": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Marind": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Margi": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Murle": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Moro": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Martuthunira": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Mising": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Masalit": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Mulao": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Mumuye": "The language has both a maximal and a minimal system", "Mwera": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Mwotlap": "The language has both a maximal and a minimal system", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Mangarrayi": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Malayalam": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Nandi": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Navajo": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Nicobarese (Car)": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Nepali": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Nez Perce": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Ngiyambaa": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Ngalakan": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Nimboran": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Nivkh": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Nkore-Kiga": "The language has both a maximal and a minimal system", "Nyanga": "The language has both a maximal and a minimal system", "Noon": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Norwegian": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Ngiti": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Nenets": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Nubi": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Nunggubuyu": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Obolo": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Otomí (Ixtenco)": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Oneida": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Onge": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Oromo (Harar)": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Ossetic": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Paiwan": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Palauan": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Paumarí": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Pech": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Pipil": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Pitjantjatjara": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Paamese": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Pangasinan": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Polish": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Portuguese": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Pitta Pitta": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Pirahã": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Persian": "The language has a minimal system, but not a maximal one", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Paita": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Purépecha": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Rama": "The language has a minimal system, but not a maximal one", "Rapanui": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Romani (Ajia Varvara)": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Retuarã": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Romanian": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Russian": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Sango": "The language has both a maximal and a minimal system", "Serbian-Croatian": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Sandawe": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Seediq": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Shipibo-Konibo": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Shilluk": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Shona": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Shuswap": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Slave": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Slovene": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Semelai": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Sinhala": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Sanuma": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Soninke": "The language has a minimal system, but not a maximal one", "Saami (Northern)": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Sentani": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "So": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Spanish": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Squamish": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Sotho (Northern)": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Suena": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Sungor": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Supyire": "The language has a minimal system, but not a maximal one", "Susu": "The language has both a maximal and a minimal system", "Swahili": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Swedish": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Tagalog": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Talinga": "The language has a minimal system, but not a maximal one", "Tubu": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Tem": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Tetela": "The language has both a maximal and a minimal system", "Tigré": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Thai": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Thakali": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Tiriyo": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Tiwi": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Tiipay (Jamul)": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Tommo So": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Tanacross": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Totonac (Misantla)": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Tsakhur": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Tsafiki": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Tukang Besi": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Turkish": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Tatar": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Totonac (Xicotepec de Juárez)": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Tzotzil": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Tzutujil": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Udihe": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Ukrainian": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Uma": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Urubú-Kaapor": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Urak Lawoi'": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Uzbek": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Vagla": "The language has a minimal system, but not a maximal one", "Vai": "The language has a minimal system, but not a maximal one", "Vietnamese": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Votic": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Wai Wai": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Waunana": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Wichí": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Welsh": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Wintu": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Wolof": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Wolio": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Warekena": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Yahgan": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Yaqui": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Yidiny": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Yimas": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Yakoma": "The language has both a maximal and a minimal system", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Yup'ik (Central)": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Yupik (Sirenik)": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Yurok": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "The language has neither a maximal nor a minimal system", "Zulu": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one", "Zuni": "The language has a maximal system, but not a minimal one" }
73A
The Optative
Verbal Categories
How is the optative expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Inflectional optative present; Inflectional optative absent
{ "Abkhaz": "Inflectional optative present", "Abaza": "Inflectional optative present", "Acoma": "Inflectional optative absent", "Adyghe (Temirgoy)": "Inflectional optative present", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Inflectional optative absent", "Aghul": "Inflectional optative present", "Ainu": "Inflectional optative absent", "Alamblak": "Inflectional optative absent", "Albanian": "Inflectional optative present", "Alutor": "Inflectional optative absent", "Amele": "Inflectional optative absent", "Arabic (Moroccan)": "Inflectional optative absent", "Araona": "Inflectional optative absent", "Apalaí": "Inflectional optative absent", "Apurinã": "Inflectional optative absent", "Archi": "Inflectional optative present", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Inflectional optative absent", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Inflectional optative absent", "Asmat": "Inflectional optative absent", "Altai (Southern)": "Inflectional optative absent", "Avar": "Inflectional optative present", "Akwa": "Inflectional optative absent", "Awa Pit": "Inflectional optative absent", "Aymara (Central)": "Inflectional optative present", "Azerbaijani": "Inflectional optative present", "Bagirmi": "Inflectional optative absent", "Bambara": "Inflectional optative absent", "Bawm": "Inflectional optative absent", "Bemba": "Inflectional optative absent", "Bezhta": "Inflectional optative present", "Bagvalal": "Inflectional optative present", "Birom": "Inflectional optative absent", "Batak (Karo)": "Inflectional optative absent", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Inflectional optative absent", "Brahui": "Inflectional optative absent", "Burmese": "Inflectional optative absent", "Barasano": "Inflectional optative absent", "Bashkir": "Inflectional optative absent", "Basque": "Inflectional optative absent", "Bulgarian": "Inflectional optative absent", "Burushaski": "Inflectional optative absent", "Buriat": "Inflectional optative present", "Cahuilla": "Inflectional optative absent", "Cakchiquel": "Inflectional optative absent", "Carib": "Inflectional optative absent", "Cebuano": "Inflectional optative absent", "Chamorro": "Inflectional optative absent", "Chechen": "Inflectional optative present", "Chukchi": "Inflectional optative absent", "Chrau": "Inflectional optative absent", "Chuvash": "Inflectional optative absent", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Inflectional optative present", "Comanche": "Inflectional optative absent", "Coos (Hanis)": "Inflectional optative absent", "Cree (Plains)": "Inflectional optative absent", "Cashinahua": "Inflectional optative absent", "Dabida": "Inflectional optative absent", "Dagur": "Inflectional optative absent", "Diola-Fogny": "Inflectional optative absent", "Dumi": "Inflectional optative present", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Inflectional optative absent", "Drehu": "Inflectional optative absent", "Dargwa": "Inflectional optative present", "Danish": "Inflectional optative absent", "English": "Inflectional optative absent", "Epena Pedee": "Inflectional optative absent", "Estonian": "Inflectional optative absent", "Evenki": "Inflectional optative present", "Even": "Inflectional optative absent", "Ewe": "Inflectional optative absent", "Fijian": "Inflectional optative absent", "Finnish": "Inflectional optative absent", "French": "Inflectional optative absent", "Fur": "Inflectional optative absent", "Garo": "Inflectional optative absent", "Gbaya (Northwest)": "Inflectional optative absent", "Georgian": "Inflectional optative present", "German": "Inflectional optative absent", "Godoberi": "Inflectional optative present", "Gooniyandi": "Inflectional optative absent", "Grebo": "Inflectional optative absent", "Greek (Modern)": "Inflectional optative absent", "Greenlandic (West)": "Inflectional optative absent", "Guaraní": "Inflectional optative present", "Gujarati": "Inflectional optative absent", "Gumbaynggir": "Inflectional optative absent", "Gwari": "Inflectional optative absent", "Haida": "Inflectional optative absent", "Hamtai": "Inflectional optative absent", "Hausa": "Inflectional optative absent", "Hayu": "Inflectional optative present", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Inflectional optative absent", "Herero": "Inflectional optative absent", "Hindi": "Inflectional optative absent", "Hixkaryana": "Inflectional optative absent", "Hmong Njua": "Inflectional optative absent", "Hungarian": "Inflectional optative absent", "Hunzib": "Inflectional optative present", "Iaai": "Inflectional optative absent", "Icelandic": "Inflectional optative absent", "Idoma": "Inflectional optative absent", "Igbo": "Inflectional optative absent", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "Inflectional optative absent", "Ika": "Inflectional optative absent", "Imonda": "Inflectional optative absent", "Indonesian": "Inflectional optative absent", "Ingush": "Inflectional optative present", "Iquito": "Inflectional optative absent", "Irish": "Inflectional optative absent", "Iraqw": "Inflectional optative absent", "Jakaltek": "Inflectional optative absent", "Jebero": "Inflectional optative present", "Japanese": "Inflectional optative absent", "Ju|'hoan": "Inflectional optative absent", "Kabardian": "Inflectional optative present", "Kashmiri": "Inflectional optative absent", "Kayardild": "Inflectional optative absent", "Kazakh": "Inflectional optative absent", "Kera": "Inflectional optative absent", "Ket": "Inflectional optative absent", "Kewa": "Inflectional optative absent", "Koromfe": "Inflectional optative absent", "Khalkha": "Inflectional optative present", "Khakas": "Inflectional optative absent", "Khmer": "Inflectional optative absent", "Nama": "Inflectional optative absent", "Kimaghama": "Inflectional optative absent", "Kinyarwanda": "Inflectional optative absent", "Kiowa": "Inflectional optative absent", "Kisi": "Inflectional optative absent", "Kiwai (Southern)": "Inflectional optative absent", "Kurmanji": "Inflectional optative absent", "Kulung": "Inflectional optative present", "Kilivila": "Inflectional optative absent", "Kalmyk": "Inflectional optative absent", "Kunimaipa": "Inflectional optative absent", "Khmu'": "Inflectional optative absent", "Kannada": "Inflectional optative absent", "Kanuri": "Inflectional optative absent", "Koasati": "Inflectional optative absent", "Kobon": "Inflectional optative absent", "Kokborok": "Inflectional optative absent", "Kongo": "Inflectional optative absent", "Korean": "Inflectional optative absent", "Kpelle": "Inflectional optative absent", "Kiribati": "Inflectional optative absent", "Karok": "Inflectional optative absent", "Karaim": "Inflectional optative present", "Korana": "Inflectional optative absent", "Krongo": "Inflectional optative absent", "Koryak": "Inflectional optative absent", "Koyraboro Senni": "Inflectional optative absent", "Kete": "Inflectional optative absent", "Khanty": "Inflectional optative absent", "Kati (in Afghanistan)": "Inflectional optative absent", "Kumyk": "Inflectional optative present", "Kutenai": "Inflectional optative absent", "Kwaio": "Inflectional optative absent", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "Inflectional optative absent", "Ladakhi": "Inflectional optative present", "Lahu": "Inflectional optative absent", "Lango": "Inflectional optative absent", "Latvian": "Inflectional optative absent", "Lavukaleve": "Inflectional optative absent", "Lepcha": "Inflectional optative absent", "Lezgian": "Inflectional optative present", "Limbu": "Inflectional optative present", "Lingala": "Inflectional optative absent", "Lakhota": "Inflectional optative absent", "Linda": "Inflectional optative absent", "Lozi": "Inflectional optative absent", "Luo": "Inflectional optative absent", "Luvale": "Inflectional optative absent", "Maba": "Inflectional optative absent", "Macushi": "Inflectional optative absent", "Maithili": "Inflectional optative absent", "Makah": "Inflectional optative absent", "Malagasy": "Inflectional optative absent", "Mam": "Inflectional optative absent", "Mano": "Inflectional optative absent", "Maori": "Inflectional optative absent", "Mapudungun": "Inflectional optative absent", "Maricopa": "Inflectional optative present", "Maybrat": "Inflectional optative absent", "Mandinka": "Inflectional optative absent", "Meithei": "Inflectional optative present", "Mongo": "Inflectional optative absent", "Maranungku": "Inflectional optative absent", "Mari (Meadow)": "Inflectional optative absent", "Mandarin": "Inflectional optative absent", "Manam": "Inflectional optative absent", "Mokilese": "Inflectional optative absent", "Mon": "Inflectional optative absent", "Mopan": "Inflectional optative absent", "Marind": "Inflectional optative present", "Moro": "Inflectional optative absent", "Martuthunira": "Inflectional optative absent", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Inflectional optative absent", "Mundari": "Inflectional optative present", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Inflectional optative absent", "Mangarrayi": "Inflectional optative absent", "Malayalam": "Inflectional optative absent", "Nandi": "Inflectional optative absent", "Navajo": "Inflectional optative absent", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Inflectional optative absent", "Ndyuka": "Inflectional optative absent", "Nepali": "Inflectional optative present", "Newari (Kathmandu)": "Inflectional optative absent", "Nez Perce": "Inflectional optative absent", "Nganasan": "Inflectional optative absent", "Ngiyambaa": "Inflectional optative absent", "Ngalakan": "Inflectional optative absent", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Inflectional optative absent", "Niuean": "Inflectional optative absent", "Nivkh": "Inflectional optative absent", "Nkore-Kiga": "Inflectional optative absent", "Naga (Mao)": "Inflectional optative absent", "Noghay": "Inflectional optative present", "Norwegian": "Inflectional optative absent", "Ngiti": "Inflectional optative absent", "Nenets": "Inflectional optative absent", "Nunggubuyu": "Inflectional optative absent", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "Inflectional optative absent", "Obolo": "Inflectional optative absent", "Oneida": "Inflectional optative absent", "Onge": "Inflectional optative absent", "Oromo (Harar)": "Inflectional optative absent", "Ossetic": "Inflectional optative absent", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Inflectional optative absent", "Paiwan": "Inflectional optative absent", "Palauan": "Inflectional optative absent", "Panjabi": "Inflectional optative absent", "Paumarí": "Inflectional optative absent", "Pipil": "Inflectional optative absent", "Pitjantjatjara": "Inflectional optative absent", "Paamese": "Inflectional optative absent", "Pangasinan": "Inflectional optative absent", "Pitta Pitta": "Inflectional optative absent", "Pirahã": "Inflectional optative absent", "Persian": "Inflectional optative absent", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Inflectional optative absent", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Inflectional optative present", "Paita": "Inflectional optative absent", "Purépecha": "Inflectional optative absent", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Inflectional optative absent", "Rama": "Inflectional optative absent", "Rapanui": "Inflectional optative absent", "Romani (Ajia Varvara)": "Inflectional optative absent", "Russian": "Inflectional optative absent", "Rutul": "Inflectional optative present", "Sindhi": "Inflectional optative absent", "Seediq": "Inflectional optative absent", "Selknam": "Inflectional optative absent", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Inflectional optative absent", "Shilluk": "Inflectional optative absent", "Shona": "Inflectional optative absent", "Shor": "Inflectional optative absent", "Shuswap": "Inflectional optative absent", "Slave": "Inflectional optative absent", "Slovene": "Inflectional optative absent", "Semelai": "Inflectional optative absent", "Sanuma": "Inflectional optative absent", "Soninke": "Inflectional optative absent", "Sentani": "Inflectional optative absent", "Somali": "Inflectional optative absent", "Spanish": "Inflectional optative absent", "Squamish": "Inflectional optative absent", "Santali": "Inflectional optative present", "Suena": "Inflectional optative absent", "Supyire": "Inflectional optative absent", "Susu": "Inflectional optative absent", "Swahili": "Inflectional optative absent", "Swedish": "Inflectional optative absent", "Taba": "Inflectional optative absent", "Tagalog": "Inflectional optative present", "Talysh (Azerbaijan)": "Inflectional optative present", "Tubu": "Inflectional optative absent", "Telugu": "Inflectional optative absent", "Tigré": "Inflectional optative absent", "Thai": "Inflectional optative absent", "Thakali": "Inflectional optative absent", "Tiwi": "Inflectional optative absent", "Tatar (Mishar)": "Inflectional optative absent", "Tommo So": "Inflectional optative absent", "Trumai": "Inflectional optative absent", "Tsakhur": "Inflectional optative present", "Tamil (Spoken)": "Inflectional optative absent", "Tsez": "Inflectional optative present", "Tukang Besi": "Inflectional optative absent", "Tunica": "Inflectional optative absent", "Turkish": "Inflectional optative absent", "Tuvan": "Inflectional optative absent", "Totonac (Xicotepec de Juárez)": "Inflectional optative absent", "Tzutujil": "Inflectional optative absent", "Udihe": "Inflectional optative absent", "Udmurt": "Inflectional optative absent", "Una": "Inflectional optative absent", "Urdu": "Inflectional optative absent", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Inflectional optative absent", "Usan": "Inflectional optative absent", "Vietnamese": "Inflectional optative absent", "Wambaya": "Inflectional optative absent", "Wari'": "Inflectional optative absent", "Wichí": "Inflectional optative absent", "Wichita": "Inflectional optative present", "Wintu": "Inflectional optative present", "Warao": "Inflectional optative absent", "Wardaman": "Inflectional optative absent", "Warekena": "Inflectional optative absent", "Yagua": "Inflectional optative absent", "Yaqui": "Inflectional optative absent", "Yidiny": "Inflectional optative absent", "Yimas": "Inflectional optative absent", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Inflectional optative absent", "Yakut": "Inflectional optative absent", "Yoruba": "Inflectional optative absent", "Yurok": "Inflectional optative absent", "Zulu": "Inflectional optative absent", "Zuni": "Inflectional optative present" }
74A
Situational Possibility
Verbal Categories
How is situational possibility expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language?
The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs; The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions; The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs or with verbal constructions, but with other kinds of markers
{ "Abkhaz": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Acehnese": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Acoma": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Ainu": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Akan": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Albanian": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Amele": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs or with verbal constructions, but with other kinds of markers", "Amharic": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Arabic (Moroccan)": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Araona": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Apurinã": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Arabic (Gulf)": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Armenian (Eastern)": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Asmat": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Awa Pit": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Aymara (Central)": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Babungo": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Bagirmi": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Balinese": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Bambara": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Bawm": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Beja": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Batak (Karo)": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Brahui": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Burmese": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs or with verbal constructions, but with other kinds of markers", "Barasano": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Basque": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Chamorro": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Chukchi": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs or with verbal constructions, but with other kinds of markers", "Chuvash": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Cantonese": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Cree (Plains)": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Catalan": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Cayuvava": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Daga": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Diola-Fogny": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Drehu": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Danish": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Dutch": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Ekari": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "English": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Evenki": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Ewe": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Faroese": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Fijian": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Finnish": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "French": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Fulfulde (Adamawa)": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Futuna (East)": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Garo": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Gadaba (Kondekor)": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Georgian": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "German": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Gojri": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Greek (Modern)": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Greenlandic (West)": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Haida": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Hamtai": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Hausa": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Hawaiian": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Hebrew (Modern)": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Hindi": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Huitoto (Minica)": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Hmong Njua": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Hungarian": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Hunzib": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Icelandic": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Igbo": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Ika": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Imonda": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Indonesian": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Ingush": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Irish": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Iraqw": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Italian": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Jakaltek": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Japanese": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Kambera": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Kashmiri": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Kayardild": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Kera": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Ket": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Koromfe": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Khalkha": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Khmer": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Nama": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Khasi": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Kiowa": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Kilivila": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Khmu'": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Kannada": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Kunama": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Kanuri": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Koasati": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Kobon": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Kolami": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Kongo": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Korean": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs or with verbal constructions, but with other kinds of markers", "Kiribati": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Krongo": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Koyraboro Senni": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Khanty": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Kui (in India)": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Kutenai": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs or with verbal constructions, but with other kinds of markers", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs or with verbal constructions, but with other kinds of markers", "Ladakhi": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Lak": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Lango": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Latvian": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Lavukaleve": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Lepcha": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Lezgian": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Lingala": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Lithuanian": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Lakhota": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Maithili": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Makah": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Malagasy": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Maori": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Mapudungun": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Maung": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Maybrat": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Macedonian": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Mende": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Mundang": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Mehri": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Marathi": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Mien": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Maranungku": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Maltese": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Muna": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Mandarin": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Mansi": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Mokilese": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Marind": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Murle": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Mundari": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Mangarrayi": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Malayalam": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Navajo": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs or with verbal constructions, but with other kinds of markers", "Ndyuka": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Nez Perce": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Ngiyambaa": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Naga (Tangkhul)": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs or with verbal constructions, but with other kinds of markers", "Nivkh": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Nkore-Kiga": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Naga (Mao)": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs or with verbal constructions, but with other kinds of markers", "Nenets": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Nunggubuyu": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Oneida": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Oromo (Harar)": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Paiwan": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Panjabi": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Paumarí": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Pima Bajo": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Pitjantjatjara": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Polish": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Portuguese": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Persian": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Rapanui": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Romani (Kalderash)": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Romanian": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Runga": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Russian": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Sango": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Serbian-Croatian": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Selknam": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Shipibo-Konibo": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Slave": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs or with verbal constructions, but with other kinds of markers", "Slovene": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Semelai": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Sahaptin (Umatilla)": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Sanuma": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Saami (Northern)": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Somali": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Spanish": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Squamish": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Suena": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Supyire": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Swahili": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Swedish": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Taba": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Tagalog": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Talinga": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Tubu": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Telugu": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Tigré": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Thai": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Tiipay (Jamul)": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Tlingit": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Tamil": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Toratán": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Trumai": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Tukang Besi": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Tunica": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Turkish": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Tuvan": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Tuvaluan": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Tatar": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Udihe": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Una": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Ungarinjin": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs or with verbal constructions, but with other kinds of markers", "Usan": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Uzbek": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Vietnamese": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Votic": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Wambaya": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs or with verbal constructions, but with other kinds of markers", "Wichí": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Welsh": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Wichita": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Wolof": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Warao": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Yaqui": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Yimas": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Yoruba": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Yup'ik (Central)": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Yuchi": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Yurok": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs or with verbal constructions, but with other kinds of markers", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions", "Zulu": "The language can express situational possibility with affixes on verbs", "Zapotec (Yatzachi)": "The language cannot express situational possibility with affixes on verbs, but with verbal constructions" }
75A
Epistemic Possibility
Verbal Categories
How is epistemic possibility expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language?
The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions; The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs; The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers
{ "Abkhaz": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Acehnese": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Acoma": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Ainu": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Akan": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Albanian": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Amele": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Amharic": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Arabic (Moroccan)": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Araona": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Apurinã": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Arabic (Gulf)": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Armenian (Eastern)": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Asmat": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Awa Pit": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Aymara (Central)": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Babungo": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Balinese": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Bambara": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Beja": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Bété": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Batak (Karo)": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Brahui": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Bribri": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Burmese": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Barasano": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Basque": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Batak (Toba)": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Burushaski": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Cahuilla": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Chamorro": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Chukchi": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Chuvash": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Comanche": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Canela": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Cantonese": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Coos (Hanis)": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Cree (Plains)": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Catalan": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Cayuvava": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Daga": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Drehu": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Danish": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Dutch": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Ekari": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "English": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Epena Pedee": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Evenki": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Ewe": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Faroese": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Fijian": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Finnish": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "French": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Fulfulde (Adamawa)": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Fur": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Garo": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Georgian": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "German": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Gooniyandi": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Grebo": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Greek (Modern)": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Greenlandic (West)": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Haida": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Hamtai": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Hausa": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Hawaiian": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Hebrew (Modern)": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Hindi": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Hixkaryana": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Hungarian": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Hunzib": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Icelandic": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Igbo": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Ika": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Imonda": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Indonesian": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Irish": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Iraqw": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Italian": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Jakaltek": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Japanese": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Ju|'hoan": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Kambera": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Kashmiri": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Kayardild": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Kera": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Ket": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Kewa": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Koromfe": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Khalkha": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Nama": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Khasi": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Kiowa": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Kilivila": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Khmu'": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Kannada": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Kanuri": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Koasati": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Kobon": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Kolami": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Korean": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Kiribati": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Karok": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Krongo": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Khanty": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Kui (in India)": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Kutenai": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Ladakhi": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Lak": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Lango": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Latvian": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Lavukaleve": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Lepcha": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Lezgian": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Lingala": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Lithuanian": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Lakhota": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Luvale": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Maithili": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Malagasy": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Maori": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Mapudungun": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Maricopa": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Macedonian": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Mundang": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Mehri": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Meithei": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Marathi": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Mien": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Maranungku": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Maltese": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Muna": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Mandarin": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Mansi": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Mokilese": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Marind": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Martuthunira": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Mundari": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Mangarrayi": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Malayalam": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Navajo": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Ndyuka": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Nez Perce": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Ngiyambaa": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Naga (Tangkhul)": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Nivkh": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Nkore-Kiga": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Naga (Mao)": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Nunggubuyu": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Oneida": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Oromo (Harar)": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Paiwan": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Panjabi": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Paumarí": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Pima Bajo": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Pitjantjatjara": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Paamese": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Polish": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Portuguese": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Pirahã": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Persian": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Qawasqar": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Rapanui": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Romani (Kalderash)": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Romanian": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Russian": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Sango": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Serbian-Croatian": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Selknam": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Shipibo-Konibo": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Slave": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Slovene": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Semelai": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Sahaptin (Umatilla)": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Sanuma": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Saami (Northern)": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Sentani": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "So": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Somali": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Spanish": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Squamish": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Supyire": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Swahili": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Swedish": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Taba": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Tagalog": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Telugu": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Teop": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Tigré": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Thai": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Tinrin": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Tiwi": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Tiipay (Jamul)": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Tlingit": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Tamil": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Toratán": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Trumai": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Tukang Besi": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Turkish": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Tuvan": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Tuvaluan": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Tatar": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Udihe": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Una": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Ungarinjin": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Urubú-Kaapor": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Usan": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Uzbek": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Vietnamese": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Votic": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Wambaya": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Wari'": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Wichí": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Welsh": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Wolof": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Warao": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Wardaman": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Yagua": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Yaqui": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Yidiny": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Yimas": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Yoruba": "The language can express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions", "Yup'ik (Central)": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Yuchi": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Yurok": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions or with affixes on verbs, but with other kinds of markers", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Zulu": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs", "Zapotec (Yatzachi)": "The language cannot express epistemic possibility with verbal constructions, but with affixes on verbs" }
76A
Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking
Verbal Categories
Can the same markers express both situational and epistemic modality in the <LANGUAGE> language?
The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity; The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity; The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality
{ "Abkhaz": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Acehnese": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Acoma": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "Ainu": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Akan": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Albanian": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Amele": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Amharic": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Arabic (Moroccan)": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Araona": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Arabic (Gulf)": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Armenian (Eastern)": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Asmat": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Awa Pit": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Aymara (Central)": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Babungo": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Balinese": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Bambara": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Bawm": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Batak (Karo)": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Brahui": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Burmese": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Barasano": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Basque": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "Chamorro": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Chukchi": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Cantonese": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Coos (Hanis)": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Cree (Plains)": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Catalan": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Cayuvava": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Daga": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Drehu": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Danish": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "Dutch": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "Ekari": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "English": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "Evenki": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Ewe": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Faroese": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "Fijian": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Finnish": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "French": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "Fulfulde (Adamawa)": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Futuna (East)": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Garo": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Georgian": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "German": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "Greek (Modern)": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "Greenlandic (West)": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "Haida": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Hamtai": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Hausa": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Hawaiian": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Hebrew (Modern)": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "Hindi": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Hungarian": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Hunzib": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Icelandic": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Igbo": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Ika": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Imonda": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Indonesian": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Irish": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "Iraqw": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Italian": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "Jakaltek": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Japanese": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Kambera": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Kashmiri": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "Kayardild": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Kera": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Ket": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Koromfe": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Khalkha": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Nama": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Khasi": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Kiowa": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Kilivila": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Khmu'": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Kannada": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "Kanuri": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Koasati": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Kobon": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Kolami": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Korean": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Koyraboro Senni": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Khanty": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Kui (in India)": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Kutenai": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Ladakhi": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Lak": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Lango": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Latvian": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "Lavukaleve": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Lepcha": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Lezgian": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Lingala": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Lithuanian": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "Lakhota": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Maba": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Maithili": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Malagasy": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Maori": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Mapudungun": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Macedonian": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "Mundang": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Mehri": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Meithei": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Marathi": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Mien": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Maranungku": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Maltese": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "Muna": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Mandarin": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "Mansi": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Mokilese": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Marind": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Mundari": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Mangarrayi": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Malayalam": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Navajo": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Ndyuka": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Nez Perce": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Ngiyambaa": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Naga (Tangkhul)": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Nivkh": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Nkore-Kiga": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Naga (Mao)": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Nenets": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Nunggubuyu": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Oneida": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Oromo (Harar)": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Paiwan": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Panjabi": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Paumarí": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Pima Bajo": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Pitjantjatjara": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Polish": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "Portuguese": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "Persian": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Rapanui": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Romani (Kalderash)": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Romanian": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "Russian": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "Sango": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Serbian-Croatian": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "Selknam": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Shipibo-Konibo": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Slave": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Slovene": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "Semelai": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Sahaptin (Umatilla)": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Sanuma": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Saami (Northern)": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Somali": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Spanish": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "Squamish": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Supyire": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Swahili": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Swedish": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "Taba": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Tagalog": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "Telugu": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "Teop": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Tigré": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Thai": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "Tlingit": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Tamil": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Toratán": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Trumai": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Tukang Besi": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Turkish": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "Tuvan": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "Tuvaluan": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Udihe": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Una": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Ungarinjin": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Usan": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Uzbek": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Vietnamese": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Votic": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Wambaya": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Wichí": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Welsh": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Wolof": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Warao": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Yaqui": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Yimas": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Yoruba": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, both for possibility and necessity", "Yup'ik (Central)": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Yuchi": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Yurok": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality", "Zulu": "The language has markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality, but only for possibility or for necessity", "Zapotec (Yatzachi)": "The language has no markers that can code both situational and epistemic modality" }
77A
Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality
Verbal Categories
What are the semantic distinctions of evidentiality in the <LANGUAGE> language?
No grammatical evidentials; Only indirect evidentials; Both direct and indirect evidentials
{ "Abipón": "No grammatical evidentials", "Abkhaz": "Only indirect evidentials", "Alabama": "Only indirect evidentials", "Achumawi": "Only indirect evidentials", "Acoma": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Andoke": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Afrikaans": "Only indirect evidentials", "Aguaruna": "No grammatical evidentials", "Anguthimri": "No grammatical evidentials", "Arapaho": "Only indirect evidentials", "Ainu": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Akha": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Arikara": "Only indirect evidentials", "Alamblak": "No grammatical evidentials", "Albanian": "Only indirect evidentials", "Alawa": "No grammatical evidentials", "Amahuaca": "Only indirect evidentials", "Amdo": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Amele": "No grammatical evidentials", "Amuesha": "Only indirect evidentials", "Araona": "Only indirect evidentials", "Apache (Chiricahua)": "Only indirect evidentials", "Apalaí": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Apurinã": "Only indirect evidentials", "Archi": "Only indirect evidentials", "Arabic (Gulf)": "Only indirect evidentials", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Armenian (Western)": "Only indirect evidentials", "Asmat": "Only indirect evidentials", "Awa Pit": "No grammatical evidentials", "Aymara (Central)": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Barai": "No grammatical evidentials", "Baure": "Only indirect evidentials", "Bawm": "No grammatical evidentials", "Bella Coola": "Only indirect evidentials", "Budukh": "No grammatical evidentials", "Benabena": "No grammatical evidentials", "Beja": "Only indirect evidentials", "Batak (Karo)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Blackfoot": "No grammatical evidentials", "Biloxi": "Only indirect evidentials", "Bora": "Only indirect evidentials", "Breton": "No grammatical evidentials", "Brahui": "No grammatical evidentials", "Burmese": "No grammatical evidentials", "Barasano": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Berber (Ayt Seghrouchen Middle Atlas)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Basque": "Only indirect evidentials", "Bulgarian": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Burushaski": "No grammatical evidentials", "Cahuilla": "Only indirect evidentials", "Candoshi": "No grammatical evidentials", "Carib": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Campa (Axininca)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Chácobo": "Only indirect evidentials", "Chinantec (Comaltepec)": "Only indirect evidentials", "Chasta Costa": "Only indirect evidentials", "Choctaw": "Only indirect evidentials", "Chamorro": "Only indirect evidentials", "Chechen": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Cherokee": "Only indirect evidentials", "Chukchi": "No grammatical evidentials", "Chehalis (Upper)": "Only indirect evidentials", "Chipewyan": "Only indirect evidentials", "Chrau": "No grammatical evidentials", "Chichimeca-Jonaz": "No grammatical evidentials", "Chinook (Lower)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Chinook (Upper)": "Only indirect evidentials", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Chemehuevi": "No grammatical evidentials", "Comanche": "Only indirect evidentials", "Canela": "No grammatical evidentials", "Cantonese": "Only indirect evidentials", "Cocama": "Only indirect evidentials", "Coeur d'Alene": "Only indirect evidentials", "Coos (Hanis)": "Only indirect evidentials", "Cora": "Only indirect evidentials", "Carapana": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Chorote": "No grammatical evidentials", "Chatino (Sierra Occidental)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Chitimacha": "Only indirect evidentials", "Cayuvava": "No grammatical evidentials", "Daga": "No grammatical evidentials", "Dení": "Only indirect evidentials", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Diola-Fogny": "No grammatical evidentials", "Diyari": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Djapu": "No grammatical evidentials", "Dumi": "Only indirect evidentials", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Only indirect evidentials", "Drehu": "No grammatical evidentials", "Dutch": "Only indirect evidentials", "Dyirbal": "No grammatical evidentials", "Ekari": "Only indirect evidentials", "English": "No grammatical evidentials", "Epena Pedee": "Only indirect evidentials", "Ese Ejja": "Only indirect evidentials", "Estonian": "Only indirect evidentials", "Evenki": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Ewe": "No grammatical evidentials", "Fasu": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Fijian": "No grammatical evidentials", "Finnish": "Only indirect evidentials", "Fore": "No grammatical evidentials", "Fox": "Only indirect evidentials", "French": "Only indirect evidentials", "Fur": "No grammatical evidentials", "Gagauz": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Garo": "Only indirect evidentials", "Georgian": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "German": "Only indirect evidentials", "Guajajara": "Only indirect evidentials", "Gunya": "Only indirect evidentials", "Godoberi": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Gooniyandi": "Only indirect evidentials", "Grebo": "No grammatical evidentials", "Garífuna": "Only indirect evidentials", "Greek (Modern)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Greenlandic (West)": "Only indirect evidentials", "Greenlandic (South)": "Only indirect evidentials", "Guaraní": "Only indirect evidentials", "Gumbaynggir": "No grammatical evidentials", "Guugu Yimidhirr": "No grammatical evidentials", "Haida": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Hamtai": "Only indirect evidentials", "Hausa": "No grammatical evidentials", "Hebrew (Modern)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Hidatsa": "Only indirect evidentials", "Hindi": "No grammatical evidentials", "Hixkaryana": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Hualapai": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Halkomelem (Upriver)": "Only indirect evidentials", "Huitoto (Minica)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Hmong Njua": "No grammatical evidentials", "Hopi": "Only indirect evidentials", "Hungarian": "No grammatical evidentials", "Hupa": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Hunzib": "Only indirect evidentials", "Igbo": "No grammatical evidentials", "Ignaciano": "No grammatical evidentials", "Ika": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Imonda": "No grammatical evidentials", "Indonesian": "No grammatical evidentials", "Ingush": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Iquito": "Only indirect evidentials", "Irish": "No grammatical evidentials", "Iraqw": "No grammatical evidentials", "Itelmen": "No grammatical evidentials", "Itonama": "Only indirect evidentials", "Itzaj": "Only indirect evidentials", "Jakaltek": "Only indirect evidentials", "Jaqaru": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Jemez": "Only indirect evidentials", "Jamamadi": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Japanese": "Only indirect evidentials", "Ju|'hoan": "No grammatical evidentials", "Kayardild": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Kera": "No grammatical evidentials", "Ket": "No grammatical evidentials", "Kewa": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Koromfe": "No grammatical evidentials", "Khalkha": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Khalaj": "No grammatical evidentials", "Khmer": "No grammatical evidentials", "Nama": "No grammatical evidentials", "Khasi": "No grammatical evidentials", "Khowar": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Kickapoo": "Only indirect evidentials", "Kiowa": "Only indirect evidentials", "Koreguaje": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Kurmanji": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Lusi": "No grammatical evidentials", "Kalasha": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Kalispel": "No grammatical evidentials", "Kilivila": "No grammatical evidentials", "Kamaiurá": "Only indirect evidentials", "Kalmyk": "Only indirect evidentials", "Khmu'": "No grammatical evidentials", "Kannada": "Only indirect evidentials", "Kaingang": "Only indirect evidentials", "Kunama": "No grammatical evidentials", "Kanuri": "No grammatical evidentials", "Koasati": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Kobon": "No grammatical evidentials", "Kodava": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Kolami": "No grammatical evidentials", "Kongo": "No grammatical evidentials", "Korean": "Only indirect evidentials", "Kapampangan": "No grammatical evidentials", "Kiribati": "No grammatical evidentials", "Karok": "Only indirect evidentials", "Krongo": "No grammatical evidentials", "Koyraboro Senni": "No grammatical evidentials", "Kashaya": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Kato": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Kutenai": "No grammatical evidentials", "Kwakw'ala": "Only indirect evidentials", "Kawaiisu": "Only indirect evidentials", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Komi-Zyrian": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Ladakhi": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Lahu": "Only indirect evidentials", "Lak": "No grammatical evidentials", "Lango": "No grammatical evidentials", "Latvian": "Only indirect evidentials", "Lavukaleve": "No grammatical evidentials", "Laz": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Lega": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Lepcha": "No grammatical evidentials", "Lezgian": "Only indirect evidentials", "Limbu": "Only indirect evidentials", "Lithuanian": "Only indirect evidentials", "Lakhota": "Only indirect evidentials", "Luvale": "No grammatical evidentials", "Maba": "No grammatical evidentials", "Macushi": "No grammatical evidentials", "Makah": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Malagasy": "No grammatical evidentials", "Mam": "Only indirect evidentials", "Maori": "No grammatical evidentials", "Mapudungun": "No grammatical evidentials", "Maricopa": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Maung": "No grammatical evidentials", "Maybrat": "No grammatical evidentials", "Machiguenga": "No grammatical evidentials", "Mandan": "Only indirect evidentials", "Meithei": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Mingrelian": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Mixtec (Jamiltepec)": "Only indirect evidentials", "Maranungku": "No grammatical evidentials", "Mandarin": "No grammatical evidentials", "Maidu (Northeast)": "Only indirect evidentials", "Margany": "No grammatical evidentials", "Mohawk": "Only indirect evidentials", "Movima": "No grammatical evidentials", "Marind": "Only indirect evidentials", "Murle": "No grammatical evidentials", "Martuthunira": "Only indirect evidentials", "Munsee": "No grammatical evidentials", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Only indirect evidentials", "Montagnais": "Only indirect evidentials", "Mixe (Tlahuitoltepec)": "Only indirect evidentials", "Mattole": "Only indirect evidentials", "Mundari": "No grammatical evidentials", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Mixtec (Ocotepec)": "Only indirect evidentials", "Mixtec (Silacayoapan)": "Only indirect evidentials", "Mixtec (Ayutla)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Mixtec (Coatzospan)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Mangarrayi": "Only indirect evidentials", "Navajo": "Only indirect evidentials", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Ndyuka": "No grammatical evidentials", "Nepali": "Only indirect evidentials", "Nevome": "Only indirect evidentials", "Nez Perce": "No grammatical evidentials", "Ngiyambaa": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Nahuatl (Huasteca)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Nahuatl (Michoacán)": "Only indirect evidentials", "Nahuatl (North Puebla)": "Only indirect evidentials", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Only indirect evidentials", "Nitinaht": "Only indirect evidentials", "Nivkh": "Only indirect evidentials", "Nkore-Kiga": "No grammatical evidentials", "Nahuatl (Mecayapan Isthmus)": "Only indirect evidentials", "Nahuatl (Milpa Alta)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Nisenan": "Only indirect evidentials", "Ngiti": "No grammatical evidentials", "Nenets": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Nunggubuyu": "No grammatical evidentials", "Nuuchahnulth": "Only indirect evidentials", "Newar (Dolakha)": "Only indirect evidentials", "Nyawaygi": "No grammatical evidentials", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Omaha": "Only indirect evidentials", "Oneida": "Only indirect evidentials", "O'odham": "Only indirect evidentials", "Oromo (Harar)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Only indirect evidentials", "Páez": "Only indirect evidentials", "Paiwan": "Only indirect evidentials", "Paumarí": "Only indirect evidentials", "Pemon": "No grammatical evidentials", "Pipil": "No grammatical evidentials", "Piro": "Only indirect evidentials", "Pitjantjatjara": "Only indirect evidentials", "Palikur": "No grammatical evidentials", "Pomo (Eastern)": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Pomo (Northern)": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Paamese": "No grammatical evidentials", "Paiute (Northern)": "Only indirect evidentials", "Pohnpeian": "No grammatical evidentials", "Potawatomi": "Only indirect evidentials", "Pitta Pitta": "No grammatical evidentials", "Paresi": "Only indirect evidentials", "Pirahã": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Persian": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Only indirect evidentials", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Patwin": "Only indirect evidentials", "Pumi": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Purépecha": "Only indirect evidentials", "Paiute (Southern)": "Only indirect evidentials", "Pawnee": "Only indirect evidentials", "Qawasqar": "No grammatical evidentials", "Quechua (Huallaga)": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Quechan": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Quileute": "Only indirect evidentials", "Rama": "No grammatical evidentials", "Rapanui": "No grammatical evidentials", "Retuarã": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Romanian": "No grammatical evidentials", "Russian": "No grammatical evidentials", "Rutul": "Only indirect evidentials", "Sango": "No grammatical evidentials", "Sayula Popoluca": "No grammatical evidentials", "Sáliba (in Colombia)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Selknam": "No grammatical evidentials", "Sherpa": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Only indirect evidentials", "Shuswap": "Only indirect evidentials", "Siona": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Siuslaw": "No grammatical evidentials", "Slave": "Only indirect evidentials", "Selepet": "No grammatical evidentials", "Salar": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Sanuma": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Sentani": "No grammatical evidentials", "Spanish": "No grammatical evidentials", "Squamish": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Sarcee": "Only indirect evidentials", "Sre": "No grammatical evidentials", "Sirionó": "Only indirect evidentials", "Serrano": "Only indirect evidentials", "Suena": "Only indirect evidentials", "Supyire": "No grammatical evidentials", "Swahili": "No grammatical evidentials", "Swedish": "Only indirect evidentials", "Taba": "No grammatical evidentials", "Tacana": "Only indirect evidentials", "Tagalog": "Only indirect evidentials", "Tariana": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Tauya": "No grammatical evidentials", "Tewa (Arizona)": "Only indirect evidentials", "Thai": "No grammatical evidentials", "Thakali": "No grammatical evidentials", "Tillamook": "No grammatical evidentials", "Tiwi": "No grammatical evidentials", "Takelma": "Only indirect evidentials", "Tlingit": "No grammatical evidentials", "Tlapanec": "No grammatical evidentials", "Timucua": "No grammatical evidentials", "Tamil": "Only indirect evidentials", "Tunebo": "No grammatical evidentials", "Tonkawa": "Only indirect evidentials", "Toqabaqita": "No grammatical evidentials", "Tepehuan (Northern)": "Only indirect evidentials", "Tewa (Rio Grande)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Terêna": "Only indirect evidentials", "Trumai": "Only indirect evidentials", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "Only indirect evidentials", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Only indirect evidentials", "Tasmanian": "No grammatical evidentials", "Tsova-Tush": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Tucano": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Tukang Besi": "No grammatical evidentials", "Tunica": "Only indirect evidentials", "Turkish": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Tuscarora": "No grammatical evidentials", "Tuyuca": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Tarahumara (Western)": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Tiwa (Northern)": "Only indirect evidentials", "Tiwa (Southern)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Totonac (Xicotepec de Juárez)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Tzotzil": "Only indirect evidentials", "Tzutujil": "Only indirect evidentials", "Uradhi": "No grammatical evidentials", "Una": "No grammatical evidentials", "Ungarinjin": "No grammatical evidentials", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Only indirect evidentials", "Usan": "No grammatical evidentials", "Vietnamese": "No grammatical evidentials", "Wai Wai": "Only indirect evidentials", "Wambaya": "No grammatical evidentials", "Waorani": "Only indirect evidentials", "Wari'": "No grammatical evidentials", "Watjarri": "No grammatical evidentials", "Wayampi": "Only indirect evidentials", "Wichí": "No grammatical evidentials", "Wichita": "Only indirect evidentials", "Wintu": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Wiyot": "No grammatical evidentials", "Woleaian": "No grammatical evidentials", "Warao": "Only indirect evidentials", "Wardaman": "No grammatical evidentials", "Warrgamay": "No grammatical evidentials", "Warekena": "No grammatical evidentials", "Waurá": "Only indirect evidentials", "Wayana": "No grammatical evidentials", "Yagua": "No grammatical evidentials", "Yaminahua": "Only indirect evidentials", "Yaqui": "Only indirect evidentials", "Yidiny": "No grammatical evidentials", "Yimas": "No grammatical evidentials", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Only indirect evidentials", "Yakut": "Both direct and indirect evidentials", "Yoruba": "No grammatical evidentials", "Yup'ik (Central)": "Only indirect evidentials", "Yuchi": "No grammatical evidentials", "Yukulta": "No grammatical evidentials", "Yurok": "No grammatical evidentials", "Yawelmani": "No grammatical evidentials", "Yaygir": "No grammatical evidentials", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Only indirect evidentials", "Zulu": "No grammatical evidentials", "Zuni": "No grammatical evidentials" }
78A
Coding of Evidentiality
Verbal Categories
How is evidentiality coded in the <LANGUAGE> language?
No grammatical evidentials; Verbal affix or clitic; Part of the tense system; Separate particle; Modal morpheme; Mixed systems
{ "Abipón": "No grammatical evidentials", "Abkhaz": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Alabama": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Achumawi": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Acoma": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Andoke": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Afrikaans": "Separate particle", "Aguaruna": "No grammatical evidentials", "Anguthimri": "No grammatical evidentials", "Arapaho": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Ainu": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Akha": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Arikara": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Alamblak": "No grammatical evidentials", "Albanian": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Alawa": "No grammatical evidentials", "Amahuaca": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Amdo": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Amele": "No grammatical evidentials", "Amuesha": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Araona": "Separate particle", "Apache (Chiricahua)": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Apalaí": "Separate particle", "Apurinã": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Archi": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Arabic (Gulf)": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Armenian (Western)": "Part of the tense system", "Asmat": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Awa Pit": "No grammatical evidentials", "Aymara (Central)": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Barai": "No grammatical evidentials", "Baure": "Separate particle", "Bawm": "No grammatical evidentials", "Bella Coola": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Budukh": "No grammatical evidentials", "Benabena": "No grammatical evidentials", "Beja": "Separate particle", "Batak (Karo)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Blackfoot": "No grammatical evidentials", "Biloxi": "Separate particle", "Bora": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Breton": "No grammatical evidentials", "Brahui": "No grammatical evidentials", "Burmese": "No grammatical evidentials", "Barasano": "Part of the tense system", "Berber (Ayt Seghrouchen Middle Atlas)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Basque": "Separate particle", "Bulgarian": "Part of the tense system", "Burushaski": "No grammatical evidentials", "Cahuilla": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Candoshi": "No grammatical evidentials", "Carib": "Part of the tense system", "Campa (Axininca)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Chácobo": "Separate particle", "Chinantec (Comaltepec)": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Chasta Costa": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Choctaw": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Chamorro": "Separate particle", "Chechen": "Part of the tense system", "Cherokee": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Chukchi": "No grammatical evidentials", "Chehalis (Upper)": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Chipewyan": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Chrau": "No grammatical evidentials", "Chichimeca-Jonaz": "No grammatical evidentials", "Chinook (Lower)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Chinook (Upper)": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Chemehuevi": "No grammatical evidentials", "Comanche": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Canela": "No grammatical evidentials", "Cantonese": "Separate particle", "Cocama": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Coeur d'Alene": "Separate particle", "Coos (Hanis)": "Separate particle", "Cora": "Separate particle", "Carapana": "Part of the tense system", "Chorote": "No grammatical evidentials", "Chatino (Sierra Occidental)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Chitimacha": "Separate particle", "Cayuvava": "No grammatical evidentials", "Daga": "No grammatical evidentials", "Dení": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Diola-Fogny": "No grammatical evidentials", "Diyari": "Mixed systems", "Djapu": "No grammatical evidentials", "Dumi": "Separate particle", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Separate particle", "Drehu": "No grammatical evidentials", "Dutch": "Modal morpheme", "Dyirbal": "No grammatical evidentials", "Ekari": "Part of the tense system", "English": "No grammatical evidentials", "Epena Pedee": "Separate particle", "Ese Ejja": "Separate particle", "Estonian": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Evenki": "Part of the tense system", "Ewe": "No grammatical evidentials", "Fasu": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Fijian": "No grammatical evidentials", "Finnish": "Modal morpheme", "Fore": "No grammatical evidentials", "Fox": "Verbal affix or clitic", "French": "Modal morpheme", "Fur": "No grammatical evidentials", "Gagauz": "Part of the tense system", "Garo": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Georgian": "Mixed systems", "German": "Modal morpheme", "Guajajara": "Separate particle", "Gunya": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Godoberi": "Part of the tense system", "Gooniyandi": "Modal morpheme", "Grebo": "No grammatical evidentials", "Garífuna": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Greek (Modern)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Greenlandic (West)": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Greenlandic (South)": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Guaraní": "Separate particle", "Gumbaynggir": "No grammatical evidentials", "Guugu Yimidhirr": "No grammatical evidentials", "Haida": "Part of the tense system", "Hamtai": "Separate particle", "Hausa": "No grammatical evidentials", "Hebrew (Modern)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Hidatsa": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Hindi": "No grammatical evidentials", "Hixkaryana": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Hualapai": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Halkomelem (Upriver)": "Separate particle", "Huitoto (Minica)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Hmong Njua": "No grammatical evidentials", "Hopi": "Separate particle", "Hungarian": "No grammatical evidentials", "Hupa": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Hunzib": "Part of the tense system", "Igbo": "No grammatical evidentials", "Ignaciano": "No grammatical evidentials", "Ika": "Mixed systems", "Imonda": "No grammatical evidentials", "Indonesian": "No grammatical evidentials", "Ingush": "Part of the tense system", "Iquito": "Separate particle", "Irish": "No grammatical evidentials", "Iraqw": "No grammatical evidentials", "Itelmen": "No grammatical evidentials", "Itonama": "Separate particle", "Itzaj": "Separate particle", "Jakaltek": "Separate particle", "Jaqaru": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Jemez": "Separate particle", "Jamamadi": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Japanese": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Ju|'hoan": "No grammatical evidentials", "Kayardild": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Kera": "No grammatical evidentials", "Ket": "No grammatical evidentials", "Kewa": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Koromfe": "No grammatical evidentials", "Khalkha": "Mixed systems", "Khalaj": "No grammatical evidentials", "Khmer": "No grammatical evidentials", "Nama": "No grammatical evidentials", "Khasi": "No grammatical evidentials", "Khowar": "Part of the tense system", "Kickapoo": "Separate particle", "Kiowa": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Koreguaje": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Kurmanji": "Part of the tense system", "Lusi": "No grammatical evidentials", "Kalasha": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Kalispel": "No grammatical evidentials", "Kilivila": "No grammatical evidentials", "Kamaiurá": "Separate particle", "Kalmyk": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Khmu'": "No grammatical evidentials", "Kannada": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Kaingang": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Kunama": "No grammatical evidentials", "Kanuri": "No grammatical evidentials", "Koasati": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Kobon": "No grammatical evidentials", "Kodava": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Kolami": "No grammatical evidentials", "Kongo": "No grammatical evidentials", "Korean": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Kapampangan": "No grammatical evidentials", "Kiribati": "No grammatical evidentials", "Karok": "Separate particle", "Krongo": "No grammatical evidentials", "Koyraboro Senni": "No grammatical evidentials", "Kashaya": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Kato": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Kutenai": "No grammatical evidentials", "Kwakw'ala": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Kawaiisu": "Separate particle", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Komi-Zyrian": "Mixed systems", "Ladakhi": "Part of the tense system", "Lahu": "Separate particle", "Lak": "No grammatical evidentials", "Lango": "No grammatical evidentials", "Latvian": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Lavukaleve": "No grammatical evidentials", "Laz": "Part of the tense system", "Lega": "Separate particle", "Lepcha": "No grammatical evidentials", "Lezgian": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Limbu": "Separate particle", "Lithuanian": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Lakhota": "Separate particle", "Luvale": "No grammatical evidentials", "Maba": "No grammatical evidentials", "Macushi": "No grammatical evidentials", "Makah": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Malagasy": "No grammatical evidentials", "Mam": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Maori": "No grammatical evidentials", "Mapudungun": "No grammatical evidentials", "Maricopa": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Maung": "No grammatical evidentials", "Maybrat": "No grammatical evidentials", "Machiguenga": "No grammatical evidentials", "Mandan": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Meithei": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Mingrelian": "Mixed systems", "Mixtec (Jamiltepec)": "Separate particle", "Maranungku": "No grammatical evidentials", "Mandarin": "No grammatical evidentials", "Maidu (Northeast)": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Margany": "No grammatical evidentials", "Mohawk": "Separate particle", "Movima": "No grammatical evidentials", "Marind": "Separate particle", "Murle": "No grammatical evidentials", "Martuthunira": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Munsee": "No grammatical evidentials", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Montagnais": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Mixe (Tlahuitoltepec)": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Mattole": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Mundari": "No grammatical evidentials", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Mixtec (Ocotepec)": "Separate particle", "Mixtec (Silacayoapan)": "Separate particle", "Mixtec (Ayutla)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Mixtec (Coatzospan)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Mangarrayi": "Modal morpheme", "Navajo": "Separate particle", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Ndyuka": "No grammatical evidentials", "Nepali": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Nevome": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Nez Perce": "No grammatical evidentials", "Ngiyambaa": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Nahuatl (Huasteca)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Nahuatl (Michoacán)": "Separate particle", "Nahuatl (North Puebla)": "Separate particle", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Separate particle", "Nitinaht": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Nivkh": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Nkore-Kiga": "No grammatical evidentials", "Nahuatl (Mecayapan Isthmus)": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Nahuatl (Milpa Alta)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Nisenan": "Mixed systems", "Ngiti": "No grammatical evidentials", "Nenets": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Nunggubuyu": "No grammatical evidentials", "Nuuchahnulth": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Newar (Dolakha)": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Nyawaygi": "No grammatical evidentials", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Omaha": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Oneida": "Separate particle", "O'odham": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Oromo (Harar)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Separate particle", "Páez": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Paiwan": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Paumarí": "Separate particle", "Pemon": "No grammatical evidentials", "Pipil": "No grammatical evidentials", "Piro": "Separate particle", "Pitjantjatjara": "Separate particle", "Palikur": "No grammatical evidentials", "Pomo (Eastern)": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Pomo (Northern)": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Paamese": "No grammatical evidentials", "Paiute (Northern)": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Pohnpeian": "No grammatical evidentials", "Potawatomi": "Separate particle", "Pitta Pitta": "No grammatical evidentials", "Paresi": "Separate particle", "Pirahã": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Persian": "Part of the tense system", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Modal morpheme", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Patwin": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Pumi": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Purépecha": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Paiute (Southern)": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Pawnee": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Qawasqar": "No grammatical evidentials", "Quechua (Huallaga)": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Quechan": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Quileute": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Rama": "No grammatical evidentials", "Rapanui": "No grammatical evidentials", "Retuarã": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Romanian": "No grammatical evidentials", "Russian": "No grammatical evidentials", "Rutul": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Sango": "No grammatical evidentials", "Sayula Popoluca": "No grammatical evidentials", "Sáliba (in Colombia)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Selknam": "No grammatical evidentials", "Sherpa": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Shuswap": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Siona": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Siuslaw": "No grammatical evidentials", "Slave": "Separate particle", "Selepet": "No grammatical evidentials", "Salar": "Part of the tense system", "Sanuma": "Mixed systems", "Sentani": "No grammatical evidentials", "Spanish": "No grammatical evidentials", "Squamish": "Separate particle", "Sarcee": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Sre": "No grammatical evidentials", "Sirionó": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Serrano": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Suena": "Separate particle", "Supyire": "No grammatical evidentials", "Swahili": "No grammatical evidentials", "Swedish": "Mixed systems", "Taba": "No grammatical evidentials", "Tacana": "Separate particle", "Tagalog": "Separate particle", "Tariana": "Part of the tense system", "Tauya": "No grammatical evidentials", "Tewa (Arizona)": "Separate particle", "Thai": "No grammatical evidentials", "Thakali": "No grammatical evidentials", "Tillamook": "No grammatical evidentials", "Tiwi": "No grammatical evidentials", "Takelma": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Tlingit": "No grammatical evidentials", "Tlapanec": "No grammatical evidentials", "Timucua": "No grammatical evidentials", "Tamil": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Tunebo": "No grammatical evidentials", "Tonkawa": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Toqabaqita": "No grammatical evidentials", "Tepehuan (Northern)": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Tewa (Rio Grande)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Terêna": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Trumai": "Separate particle", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "Separate particle", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Tasmanian": "No grammatical evidentials", "Tsova-Tush": "Mixed systems", "Tucano": "Part of the tense system", "Tukang Besi": "No grammatical evidentials", "Tunica": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Turkish": "Part of the tense system", "Tuscarora": "No grammatical evidentials", "Tuyuca": "Part of the tense system", "Tarahumara (Western)": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Tiwa (Northern)": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Tiwa (Southern)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Totonac (Xicotepec de Juárez)": "No grammatical evidentials", "Tzotzil": "Separate particle", "Tzutujil": "Separate particle", "Uradhi": "No grammatical evidentials", "Una": "No grammatical evidentials", "Ungarinjin": "No grammatical evidentials", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Separate particle", "Usan": "No grammatical evidentials", "Vietnamese": "No grammatical evidentials", "Wai Wai": "Separate particle", "Wambaya": "No grammatical evidentials", "Waorani": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Wari'": "No grammatical evidentials", "Watjarri": "No grammatical evidentials", "Wayampi": "Separate particle", "Wichí": "No grammatical evidentials", "Wichita": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Wintu": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Wiyot": "No grammatical evidentials", "Woleaian": "No grammatical evidentials", "Warao": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Wardaman": "No grammatical evidentials", "Warrgamay": "No grammatical evidentials", "Warekena": "No grammatical evidentials", "Waurá": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Wayana": "No grammatical evidentials", "Yagua": "No grammatical evidentials", "Yaminahua": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Yaqui": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Yidiny": "No grammatical evidentials", "Yimas": "No grammatical evidentials", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Yakut": "Part of the tense system", "Yoruba": "No grammatical evidentials", "Yup'ik (Central)": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Yuchi": "No grammatical evidentials", "Yukulta": "No grammatical evidentials", "Yurok": "No grammatical evidentials", "Yawelmani": "No grammatical evidentials", "Yaygir": "No grammatical evidentials", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Verbal affix or clitic", "Zulu": "No grammatical evidentials", "Zuni": "No grammatical evidentials" }
79A
Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect
Verbal Categories
How is suppletion based on tense or aspect expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Suppletion according to tense; Suppletion according to aspect; Suppletion in both tense and aspect; No suppletion in tense or aspect
{ "Abkhaz": "Suppletion according to tense", "Arabana": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Acoma": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Alagwa": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Ainu": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Alamblak": "Suppletion according to tense", "Amele": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Arabic (Moroccan)": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Araona": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Apurinã": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Suppletion in both tense and aspect", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Asmat": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Arabic (Tunisian)": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Awa Pit": "Suppletion according to tense", "Aymara (Central)": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Bagirmi": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Bengali": "Suppletion in both tense and aspect", "Belorussian": "Suppletion in both tense and aspect", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Brahui": "Suppletion according to tense", "Burmese": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Barasano": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Basque": "Suppletion according to tense", "Bulgarian": "Suppletion according to tense", "Burushaski": "Suppletion in both tense and aspect", "Cahuilla": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Carib": "Suppletion according to tense", "Chamorro": "Suppletion according to tense", "Chukchi": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Suppletion according to aspect", "Comanche": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Canela": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Cantonese": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Cree (Plains)": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Cayuvava": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Czech": "Suppletion in both tense and aspect", "Daga": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Diola-Fogny": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Dutch": "Suppletion according to tense", "English": "Suppletion according to tense", "Evenki": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Ewe": "Suppletion according to tense", "Fijian": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Finnish": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "French": "Suppletion in both tense and aspect", "Fur": "Suppletion according to tense", "Garo": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Georgian": "Suppletion in both tense and aspect", "German": "Suppletion according to tense", "Gooniyandi": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Grebo": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Garífuna": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Greek (Modern)": "Suppletion in both tense and aspect", "Greenlandic (West)": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Guaraní": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Hausa": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Suppletion according to tense", "Hindi": "Suppletion in both tense and aspect", "Hixkaryana": "Suppletion according to tense", "Hopi": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Hungarian": "Suppletion according to tense", "Hupa": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Hunzib": "Suppletion according to tense", "Igbo": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Ika": "Suppletion according to aspect", "Imonda": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Indonesian": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Ingush": "Suppletion in both tense and aspect", "Irish": "Suppletion in both tense and aspect", "Iraqw": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Jakaltek": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Japanese": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Kayardild": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Ket": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Kewa": "Suppletion according to tense", "Khalkha": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Khmer": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Nama": "Suppletion according to tense", "Khasi": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Kiowa": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Kilivila": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Kannada": "Suppletion according to tense", "Kunama": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Kanuri": "Suppletion according to tense", "Koasati": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Korean": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Krongo": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Koyraboro Senni": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Kuot": "Suppletion according to tense", "Kutenai": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Ladakhi": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Lango": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Latvian": "Suppletion according to tense", "Lavukaleve": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Lezgian": "Suppletion in both tense and aspect", "Lakhota": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Luvale": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Macushi": "Suppletion according to tense", "Makah": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Malagasy": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Maori": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Mapudungun": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Maricopa": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Maung": "Suppletion according to tense", "Maninka (Western)": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Maybrat": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Macedonian": "Suppletion according to tense", "Meithei": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Maranungku": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Maltese": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Mandarin": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Mokilese": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Mara": "Suppletion according to aspect", "Murle": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Martuthunira": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Mundari": "Suppletion according to tense", "Mupun": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Suppletion according to aspect", "Mangarrayi": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Navajo": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Ndyuka": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Ngiyambaa": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Suppletion in both tense and aspect", "Nivkh": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Nenets": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Nunggubuyu": "Suppletion according to aspect", "Otomí (Ixtenco)": "Suppletion according to aspect", "Oneida": "Suppletion according to aspect", "Oromo (Boraana)": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Oromo (Harar)": "Suppletion according to tense", "Pipil": "Suppletion according to tense", "Pomo (Eastern)": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Polish": "Suppletion in both tense and aspect", "Pirahã": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Persian": "Suppletion in both tense and aspect", "Pashto": "Suppletion in both tense and aspect", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Qawasqar": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Rama": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Rapanui": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Russian": "Suppletion in both tense and aspect", "Samoan": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Sango": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Serbian-Croatian": "Suppletion in both tense and aspect", "Selknam": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Sesotho": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Shipibo-Konibo": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Slave": "Suppletion according to aspect", "Slovene": "Suppletion in both tense and aspect", "Semelai": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Seneca": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Sanuma": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Sentani": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Sorbian (Upper)": "Suppletion in both tense and aspect", "Spanish": "Suppletion in both tense and aspect", "Squamish": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Suena": "Suppletion according to tense", "Supyire": "Suppletion in both tense and aspect", "Slovak": "Suppletion in both tense and aspect", "Swahili": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Swedish": "Suppletion according to tense", "Taba": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Tagalog": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Thai": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Tiwi": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Turkana": "Suppletion according to tense", "Tepehuan (Northern)": "Suppletion according to aspect", "Trumai": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Tukang Besi": "Suppletion according to tense", "Turkish": "Suppletion according to tense", "Ukrainian": "Suppletion in both tense and aspect", "Usan": "Suppletion according to tense", "Ute": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Vietnamese": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Wari'": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Wichí": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Wichita": "Suppletion according to aspect", "Wolaytta": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Warao": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "!Xun (Ekoka)": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Yagua": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Yaqui": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Yimas": "Suppletion according to tense", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Yoruba": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Yup'ik (Central)": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Zulu": "No suppletion in tense or aspect", "Zuni": "No suppletion in tense or aspect" }
79B
Suppletion in Imperatives and Hortatives
Verbal Categories
How is suppletion in imperative and hortative forms expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language?
A regular and a suppletive form alternate; Imperative; Hortative; Imperative and Hortative; None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)
{ "Abkhaz": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Arabana": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Acoma": "Hortative", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Imperative", "Alagwa": "Imperative and Hortative", "Ainu": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Alamblak": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Amele": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Arabic (Moroccan)": "Imperative", "Araona": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Apurinã": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Imperative", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Asmat": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Arabic (Tunisian)": "Imperative", "Awa Pit": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Aymara (Central)": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Bagirmi": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Bengali": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Belorussian": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "A regular and a suppletive form alternate", "Brahui": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Burmese": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Barasano": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Basque": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Bulgarian": "A regular and a suppletive form alternate", "Burushaski": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Cahuilla": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Carib": "Imperative", "Chamorro": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Chukchi": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Comanche": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Canela": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Cantonese": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Cree (Plains)": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Cayuvava": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Czech": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Daga": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Diola-Fogny": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Dutch": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "English": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Evenki": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Ewe": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Fijian": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Finnish": "Imperative", "French": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Fur": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Garo": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Georgian": "Imperative", "German": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Gooniyandi": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Grebo": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Garífuna": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Greek (Modern)": "Imperative", "Greenlandic (West)": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Guaraní": "A regular and a suppletive form alternate", "Hausa": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Hebrew (Modern)": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Hindi": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Hixkaryana": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Hopi": "Imperative", "Hungarian": "A regular and a suppletive form alternate", "Hupa": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Hunzib": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Igbo": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Ika": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Imonda": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Indonesian": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Ingush": "Imperative", "Irish": "Imperative", "Iraqw": "A regular and a suppletive form alternate", "Jakaltek": "Imperative", "Japanese": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Kayardild": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Ket": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Kewa": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Khalkha": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Khmer": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Nama": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Khasi": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Kiowa": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Kilivila": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Kannada": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Kunama": "Imperative", "Kanuri": "Imperative", "Koasati": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Korean": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Krongo": "Hortative", "Koyraboro Senni": "Imperative", "Kuot": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Kutenai": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Ladakhi": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Lango": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Latvian": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Lavukaleve": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Lezgian": "Imperative", "Lakhota": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Luvale": "Imperative", "Macushi": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Makah": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Malagasy": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Maori": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Mapudungun": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Maricopa": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Maung": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Maninka (Western)": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Maybrat": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Macedonian": "A regular and a suppletive form alternate", "Meithei": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Maranungku": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Maltese": "Imperative", "Mandarin": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Mokilese": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Mara": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Murle": "Imperative", "Martuthunira": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Mundari": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Mupun": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Imperative", "Mangarrayi": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Navajo": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Ndyuka": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Ngiyambaa": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "A regular and a suppletive form alternate", "Nivkh": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Nenets": "Imperative", "Nunggubuyu": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Otomí (Ixtenco)": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Oneida": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Oromo (Boraana)": "Imperative", "Oromo (Harar)": "Imperative", "Pipil": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Pomo (Eastern)": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Polish": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Pirahã": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Persian": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Pashto": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Qawasqar": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Rama": "Imperative", "Rapanui": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Russian": "Imperative", "Samoan": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Sango": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Serbian-Croatian": "A regular and a suppletive form alternate", "Selknam": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Sesotho": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Shipibo-Konibo": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Slave": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Slovene": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Semelai": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Seneca": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Sanuma": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Sentani": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Sorbian (Upper)": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Spanish": "Imperative", "Squamish": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Suena": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Supyire": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Slovak": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Swahili": "Imperative", "Swedish": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Taba": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Tagalog": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Thai": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Tiwi": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Turkana": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Tepehuan (Northern)": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Trumai": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Tukang Besi": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Turkish": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Ukrainian": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Usan": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Ute": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Vietnamese": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Wari'": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Wichí": "Imperative", "Wichita": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Wolaytta": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Warao": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "!Xun (Ekoka)": "Imperative", "Yagua": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Yaqui": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Yimas": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Yoruba": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Yup'ik (Central)": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Zulu": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)", "Zuni": "None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)" }
80A
Verbal Number and Suppletion
Verbal Categories
How is verbal number expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language?
No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples; Singular-plural pairs, no suppletion; Singular-plural pairs, suppletion; Singular-dual-plural triples, no suppletion; Singular-dual-plural triples, suppletion
{ "Abkhaz": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Arabana": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Acoma": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Alagwa": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Ainu": "Singular-plural pairs, suppletion", "Alamblak": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Amele": "Singular-plural pairs, no suppletion", "Arabic (Moroccan)": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Araona": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Apurinã": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Armenian (Eastern)": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Asmat": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Arabic (Tunisian)": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Awa Pit": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Aymara (Central)": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Bagirmi": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Bengali": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Belorussian": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Brahui": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Burmese": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Barasano": "Singular-plural pairs, no suppletion", "Basque": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Bulgarian": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Burushaski": "Singular-plural pairs, no suppletion", "Cahuilla": "Singular-plural pairs, suppletion", "Carib": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Chamorro": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Chukchi": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Comanche": "Singular-plural pairs, no suppletion", "Canela": "Singular-plural pairs, suppletion", "Cantonese": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Cree (Plains)": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Cayuvava": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Czech": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Daga": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Diola-Fogny": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Dutch": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "English": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Evenki": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Ewe": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Fijian": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Finnish": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "French": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Fur": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Garo": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Georgian": "Singular-plural pairs, no suppletion", "German": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Gooniyandi": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Grebo": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Garífuna": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Greek (Modern)": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Greenlandic (West)": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Guaraní": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Hausa": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Hebrew (Modern)": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Hindi": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Hixkaryana": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Hopi": "Singular-plural pairs, no suppletion", "Hungarian": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Hupa": "Singular-plural pairs, no suppletion", "Hunzib": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Igbo": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Ika": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Imonda": "Singular-plural pairs, no suppletion", "Indonesian": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Ingush": "Singular-plural pairs, suppletion", "Irish": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Iraqw": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Jakaltek": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Japanese": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Kayardild": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Ket": "Singular-plural pairs, suppletion", "Kewa": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Khalkha": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Khmer": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Nama": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Khasi": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Kiowa": "Singular-plural pairs, no suppletion", "Kilivila": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Kannada": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Kunama": "Singular-dual-plural triples, suppletion", "Kanuri": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Koasati": "Singular-dual-plural triples, no suppletion", "Korean": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Krongo": "Singular-plural pairs, suppletion", "Koyraboro Senni": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Kuot": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Kutenai": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Ladakhi": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Lango": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Latvian": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Lavukaleve": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Lezgian": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Lakhota": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Luvale": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Macushi": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Makah": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Malagasy": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Maori": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Mapudungun": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Maricopa": "Singular-dual-plural triples, no suppletion", "Maung": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Maninka (Western)": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Maybrat": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Macedonian": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Meithei": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Maranungku": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Maltese": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Mandarin": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Mokilese": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Mara": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Murle": "Singular-plural pairs, suppletion", "Martuthunira": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Mundari": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Mupun": "Singular-plural pairs, no suppletion", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Mangarrayi": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Navajo": "Singular-dual-plural triples, no suppletion", "Ndyuka": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Ngiyambaa": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Nivkh": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Nenets": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Nunggubuyu": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Otomí (Ixtenco)": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Oneida": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Oromo (Boraana)": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Oromo (Harar)": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Pipil": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Pomo (Eastern)": "Singular-dual-plural triples, no suppletion", "Polish": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Pirahã": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Persian": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Pashto": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Singular-plural pairs, suppletion", "Qawasqar": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Rama": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Rapanui": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Russian": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Samoan": "Singular-plural pairs, suppletion", "Sango": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Serbian-Croatian": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Selknam": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Sesotho": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Singular-plural pairs, suppletion", "Slave": "Singular-dual-plural triples, suppletion", "Slovene": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Semelai": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Seneca": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Sanuma": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Sentani": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Sorbian (Upper)": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Spanish": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Squamish": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Suena": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Supyire": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Slovak": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Swahili": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Swedish": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Taba": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Tagalog": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Thai": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Tiwi": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Turkana": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Tepehuan (Northern)": "Singular-plural pairs, suppletion", "Trumai": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Tukang Besi": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Turkish": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Ukrainian": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Usan": "Singular-plural pairs, suppletion", "Ute": "Singular-plural pairs, suppletion", "Vietnamese": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Wari'": "Singular-plural pairs, suppletion", "Wichí": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Wichita": "Singular-dual-plural triples, no suppletion", "Wolaytta": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Warao": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "!Xun (Ekoka)": "Singular-plural pairs, suppletion", "Yagua": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Yaqui": "Singular-plural pairs, no suppletion", "Yimas": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Yoruba": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Yup'ik (Central)": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Zulu": "No singular-(dual)-plural pairs/triples", "Zuni": "Singular-plural pairs, no suppletion" }
81A
Order of Subject, Object and Verb
Word Order
What is the order of subject, object and verb in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Subject-object-verb; Subject-verb-object; Verb-subject-object; Verb-object-subject; Object-verb-subject; Object-subject-verb; Lacking a dominant word order
{ "Arapesh (Abu)": "Subject-verb-object", "Abau": "Subject-object-verb", "Abipón": "Subject-verb-object", "Abkhaz": "Subject-object-verb", "Arabana": "Subject-object-verb", "Arbore": "Subject-object-verb", "Abun": "Subject-verb-object", "Abui": "Subject-object-verb", "Acehnese": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Achagua": "Subject-verb-object", "Acholi": "Subject-verb-object", "Achumawi": "Subject-verb-object", "Acoma": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Adang": "Subject-object-verb", "Adioukrou": "Subject-verb-object", "Adynyamathanha": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Adyghe (Abzakh)": "Subject-object-verb", "Adzera": "Subject-verb-object", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Subject-verb-object", "Agarabi": "Subject-object-verb", "Leggbó": "Subject-verb-object", "Agta (Central)": "Verb-subject-object", "Agta (Dupaningan)": "Verb-subject-object", "Aghem": "Subject-verb-object", "Angami": "Subject-object-verb", "Anguthimri": "Subject-object-verb", "Ainu": "Subject-object-verb", "Aja": "Subject-verb-object", "Ajagbe": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Akha": "Subject-object-verb", "Akan": "Subject-verb-object", "Alamblak": "Subject-object-verb", "Albanian": "Subject-verb-object", "Aleut": "Subject-object-verb", "Arop-Lokep": "Subject-verb-object", "Ala'ala": "Subject-object-verb", "Alune": "Subject-verb-object", "Alawa": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Alyawarra": "Subject-object-verb", "Amara": "Subject-verb-object", "Ambulas": "Subject-object-verb", "Amahuaca": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Amele": "Subject-object-verb", "Amharic": "Subject-object-verb", "Amis": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Ambae (Lolovoli Northeast)": "Subject-verb-object", "Amanab": "Subject-object-verb", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "Subject-object-verb", "Ambai": "Subject-verb-object", "Arabic (Modern Standard)": "Verb-subject-object", "Angas": "Subject-verb-object", "Anêm": "Subject-verb-object", "Anggor": "Subject-object-verb", "//Ani": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Anejom": "Verb-object-subject", "Anindilyakwa": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Anong": "Subject-object-verb", "Anufo": "Subject-verb-object", "Anywa": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Ao": "Subject-object-verb", "Mufian": "Subject-verb-object", "Apinayé": "Subject-object-verb", "Apalaí": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Apatani": "Subject-object-verb", "Apurinã": "Subject-verb-object", "Apache (Western)": "Subject-object-verb", "Lokono": "Subject-verb-object", "Archi": "Subject-object-verb", "Arabic (Gulf)": "Subject-verb-object", "Aribwatsa": "Subject-verb-object", "Arabic (Kuwaiti)": "Subject-verb-object", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Arosi": "Subject-verb-object", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Subject-verb-object", "Arabic (Iraqi)": "Subject-verb-object", "Armenian (Western)": "Subject-object-verb", "Asmat": "Subject-object-verb", "Assamese": "Subject-object-verb", "Asuriní": "Object-verb-subject", "Arabic (Syrian)": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Athpare": "Subject-object-verb", "Atacameño": "Subject-object-verb", "Atsugewi": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Au": "Subject-verb-object", "Avar": "Subject-object-verb", "Avikam": "Subject-verb-object", "Avokaya": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Awa": "Subject-object-verb", "Aekyom": "Subject-object-verb", "Awa Pit": "Subject-object-verb", "Awtuw": "Subject-object-verb", "Awyi": "Subject-object-verb", "Anyi": "Subject-verb-object", "Aymara (Central)": "Subject-object-verb", "Ayoreo": "Subject-verb-object", "Ayiwo": "Subject-verb-object", "Azerbaijani": "Subject-object-verb", "Azari (Iranian)": "Subject-object-verb", "Barai": "Subject-object-verb", "Babungo": "Subject-verb-object", "Bachamal": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Baré": "Subject-verb-object", "Bafut": "Subject-verb-object", "Bagirmi": "Subject-verb-object", "Bai": "Subject-verb-object", "Bajau (Sama)": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Baka (in Cameroon)": "Subject-verb-object", "Bambara": "Subject-object-verb", "Bao'an": "Subject-object-verb", "Baure": "Verb-object-subject", "Bari": "Subject-verb-object", "Basaá": "Subject-verb-object", "Bawm": "Subject-object-verb", "Babole": "Subject-verb-object", "Barambu": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Bininj Gun-Wok": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Berber (Chaouia)": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Bella Coola": "Verb-subject-object", "Badimaya": "Subject-object-verb", "Budu": "Subject-verb-object", "Baham": "Subject-object-verb", "Beja": "Subject-object-verb", "Bengali": "Subject-object-verb", "Berta": "Subject-verb-object", "Berber (Figuig)": "Verb-subject-object", "Bangime": "Subject-object-verb", "Bongo": "Subject-verb-object", "Bagiro": "Subject-verb-object", "Baga Sitemu": "Subject-verb-object", "Banggi": "Subject-verb-object", "Bhojpuri": "Subject-object-verb", "Bhumij": "Subject-object-verb", "Bidiya": "Subject-verb-object", "Biri": "Subject-verb-object", "Biak": "Subject-verb-object", "Bilua": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Binandere": "Subject-object-verb", "Birom": "Subject-verb-object", "Bisu": "Subject-object-verb", "Baka (in South Sudan)": "Subject-verb-object", "Betta Kurumba": "Subject-object-verb", "Batak (Karo)": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Brokskat": "Subject-object-verb", "Bakueri": "Subject-verb-object", "Blackfoot": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Baoulé": "Subject-verb-object", "Bilin": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Belorussian": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Balti": "Subject-object-verb", "Biloxi": "Subject-object-verb", "Balanta": "Subject-verb-object", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Verb-subject-object", "Bimoba": "Subject-verb-object", "Bunuba": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Bini": "Subject-verb-object", "Bankon": "Subject-verb-object", "Banoni": "Subject-verb-object", "Boazi (Kuni)": "Subject-object-verb", "Bobangi": "Subject-verb-object", "Boko": "Subject-object-verb", "Bolia": "Subject-verb-object", "Bongu": "Subject-object-verb", "Bokar": "Subject-object-verb", "Brao": "Subject-verb-object", "Breton": "Subject-verb-object", "Berber (Rif)": "Subject-verb-object", "Bribri": "Subject-object-verb", "Baragaunle": "Subject-object-verb", "Burmese": "Subject-object-verb", "Burunge": "Subject-verb-object", "Barupu": "Subject-object-verb", "Bera": "Subject-verb-object", "Barasano": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Bushoong": "Subject-verb-object", "Basque": "Subject-object-verb", "Betoi": "Subject-object-verb", "Bontok": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Batak (Toba)": "Verb-object-subject", "Burarra": "Subject-object-verb", "Bubi": "Subject-verb-object", "Buduma": "Subject-verb-object", "Bugis": "Subject-verb-object", "Bulgarian": "Subject-verb-object", "Buma": "Subject-verb-object", "Burushaski": "Subject-object-verb", "Busa": "Subject-object-verb", "Buriat": "Subject-object-verb", "Buru": "Subject-verb-object", "Buli (in Ghana)": "Subject-verb-object", "Bali-Vitu": "Subject-verb-object", "Bajau (West Coast)": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Bauzi": "Subject-object-verb", "Cahuilla": "Subject-object-verb", "Chai": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Cakchiquel": "Verb-object-subject", "Camsá": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Candoshi": "Subject-object-verb", "Carib": "Subject-object-verb", "Cashibo": "Subject-object-verb", "Cavineña": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Campa (Axininca)": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Cayapa": "Subject-object-verb", "Chumash (Barbareño)": "Verb-object-subject", "Chácobo": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Chinantec (Comaltepec)": "Verb-subject-object", "Choctaw": "Subject-object-verb", "Carib (De'kwana)": "Subject-object-verb", "Cree (Swampy)": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Cebuano": "Verb-subject-object", "Cèmuhî": "Verb-object-subject", "Chaga": "Subject-verb-object", "Chamorro": "Verb-subject-object", "Chambri": "Subject-object-verb", "Chechen": "Subject-object-verb", "Chaudangsi": "Subject-object-verb", "Cherokee": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Chang": "Subject-object-verb", "Chaha": "Subject-object-verb", "Chuj": "Verb-object-subject", "Chukchi": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Chipewyan": "Subject-object-verb", "Chinantec (Quiotepec)": "Verb-subject-object", "Chrau": "Subject-verb-object", "Chuvash": "Subject-object-verb", "Cham (Western)": "Subject-verb-object", "Chichewa": "Subject-verb-object", "Chinook (Lower)": "Verb-object-subject", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Verb-object-subject", "Cholón": "Subject-object-verb", "Cham (Eastern)": "Subject-verb-object", "Chemehuevi": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Camling": "Subject-object-verb", "Comanche": "Subject-object-verb", "Chontal Maya": "Subject-verb-object", "Canela": "Subject-object-verb", "Cantonese": "Subject-verb-object", "Coahuilteco": "Subject-object-verb", "Cocama": "Subject-verb-object", "Coos (Hanis)": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Coptic": "Subject-verb-object", "Cora": "Verb-subject-object", "Chinantec (Palantla)": "Verb-subject-object", "Chepang": "Subject-object-verb", "Chipaya": "Subject-object-verb", "Cree (Plains)": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Cornish": "Subject-verb-object", "Crow": "Subject-object-verb", "Chatino (Sierra Occidental)": "Verb-subject-object", "Catalan": "Subject-verb-object", "Chitimacha": "Subject-object-verb", "Catawba": "Subject-object-verb", "Cua": "Subject-verb-object", "Cubeo": "Object-verb-subject", "Cuica": "Subject-verb-object", "Cuiba": "Subject-object-verb", "Cupeño": "Subject-object-verb", "Chatino (Yaitepec)": "Verb-subject-object", "Cayuvava": "Verb-object-subject", "Czech": "Subject-verb-object", "Daga": "Subject-object-verb", "Damana": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Dan": "Subject-object-verb", "Dâw": "Subject-object-verb", "Day": "Subject-verb-object", "Dadjriwalé": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Donno So": "Subject-object-verb", "Degema": "Subject-verb-object", "Dla (Proper)": "Subject-object-verb", "Desano": "Subject-object-verb", "Deuri": "Subject-object-verb", "Dagaare": "Subject-verb-object", "Dagbani": "Subject-verb-object", "Dongo": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Dagur": "Subject-object-verb", "Dhaasanac": "Subject-object-verb", "Dharumbal": "Subject-object-verb", "Dhimal": "Subject-object-verb", "Dhargari": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Didinga": "Verb-subject-object", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "Subject-object-verb", "Digaro": "Subject-object-verb", "Dime": "Subject-object-verb", "Dinka": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Diola-Fogny": "Subject-verb-object", "Diyari": "Subject-object-verb", "Djabugay": "Subject-object-verb", "Djingili": "Subject-object-verb", "Djambarrpuyngu": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Djinang": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Djapu": "Subject-object-verb", "Djaru": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Duma": "Subject-verb-object", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Subject-object-verb", "Bwele": "Subject-verb-object", "Domari": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Dong (Southern)": "Subject-verb-object", "Doyayo": "Subject-verb-object", "Drehu": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Dargwa": "Subject-object-verb", "Darma": "Subject-object-verb", "Danish": "Subject-verb-object", "Duala": "Subject-verb-object", "Duka": "Subject-verb-object", "Dumo": "Subject-object-verb", "Duna": "Subject-object-verb", "Dutch": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Dyirbal": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Ebira": "Subject-verb-object", "Edolo": "Subject-object-verb", "Ega": "Subject-verb-object", "Engenni": "Subject-verb-object", "Eipo": "Subject-object-verb", "Ekari": "Subject-object-verb", "Ekoti": "Subject-verb-object", "Émérillon": "Subject-object-verb", "Emmi": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Enets": "Subject-object-verb", "English": "Subject-verb-object", "Enggano": "Subject-verb-object", "Epena Pedee": "Subject-object-verb", "Efate (South)": "Subject-verb-object", "Erromangan": "Subject-verb-object", "Ese Ejja": "Subject-object-verb", "Estonian": "Subject-verb-object", "Eudeve": "Subject-object-verb", "Evenki": "Subject-object-verb", "Even": "Subject-object-verb", "Ewe": "Subject-verb-object", "Ewondo": "Subject-verb-object", "Fijian": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Finnish": "Subject-verb-object", "Foe": "Subject-object-verb", "Fongbe": "Subject-verb-object", "Fore": "Subject-object-verb", "Momu": "Subject-object-verb", "French": "Subject-verb-object", "Frisian": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Fulfulde (Adamawa)": "Subject-verb-object", "Fur": "Subject-object-verb", "Futuna-Aniwa": "Subject-verb-object", "Fyem": "Subject-verb-object", "Gã": "Subject-verb-object", "Gaelic (Scots)": "Verb-subject-object", "Gahuku": "Subject-object-verb", "Galo": "Subject-object-verb", "Gamo": "Subject-object-verb", "Great Andamanese": "Subject-object-verb", "Gapapaiwa": "Subject-object-verb", "Garo": "Subject-object-verb", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "Subject-verb-object", "Gbaya (Southwest)": "Subject-verb-object", "Gadsup": "Subject-object-verb", "Gela": "Verb-object-subject", "Georgian": "Subject-object-verb", "German": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Gureng Gureng": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Guahibo": "Subject-object-verb", "Bunan": "Subject-object-verb", "Gidabal": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Gimira": "Subject-object-verb", "Gitksan": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Guajajara": "Verb-subject-object", "Gününa Küne": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Gelao": "Subject-verb-object", "Golin": "Subject-object-verb", "Gumawana": "Subject-object-verb", "Gumuz": "Subject-verb-object", "Gunbalang": "Subject-verb-object", "Gunin": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Goajiro": "Verb-subject-object", "Goemai": "Subject-verb-object", "Gogodala": "Subject-object-verb", "Gokana": "Subject-verb-object", "Gondi": "Subject-object-verb", "Gooniyandi": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Grebo": "Subject-verb-object", "Garífuna": "Verb-subject-object", "Gurr-goni": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Guarijío": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Greek (Modern)": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Garrwa": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Greenlandic (West)": "Subject-object-verb", "Guató": "Verb-subject-object", "Guaraní": "Subject-verb-object", "Gude": "Verb-subject-object", "Gugada": "Subject-object-verb", "Guhu-Samane": "Subject-object-verb", "Gujarati": "Subject-object-verb", "Gula (in Central African Republic)": "Subject-verb-object", "Gumbaynggir": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Gurung": "Subject-object-verb", "Guugu Yimidhirr": "Subject-object-verb", "Gungbe": "Subject-verb-object", "Gwari": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Gworok": "Subject-verb-object", "Haida": "Subject-object-verb", "Hakka": "Subject-verb-object", "Halia": "Subject-verb-object", "Hamtai": "Subject-object-verb", "Hatam": "Subject-verb-object", "Hausa": "Subject-verb-object", "Hawaiian": "Verb-subject-object", "Hayu": "Subject-object-verb", "Hdi": "Verb-subject-object", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Subject-verb-object", "Hehe": "Subject-verb-object", "Heiltsuk": "Verb-subject-object", "Hemba": "Subject-verb-object", "Hanga Hundi": "Subject-object-verb", "Hidatsa": "Subject-object-verb", "Hiligaynon": "Verb-subject-object", "Hindi": "Subject-object-verb", "Hixkaryana": "Object-verb-subject", "Hualapai": "Subject-object-verb", "Halkomelem (Upriver)": "Verb-subject-object", "Huitoto (Minica)": "Subject-object-verb", "Hmong Njua": "Subject-verb-object", "Mina": "Subject-verb-object", "Hunde": "Subject-verb-object", "Hoava": "Verb-subject-object", "Holoholo": "Subject-verb-object", "Hopi": "Subject-object-verb", "Hup": "Subject-object-verb", "Huastec": "Subject-verb-object", "Hua": "Subject-object-verb", "=|Hoan": "Subject-verb-object", "Huichol": "Subject-object-verb", "Huitoto (Murui)": "Subject-object-verb", "Hungarian": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Hupa": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "Subject-verb-object", "Haya": "Subject-verb-object", "Hunzib": "Subject-object-verb", "Iaai": "Subject-verb-object", "Iatmul": "Subject-object-verb", "Iban": "Subject-verb-object", "Icelandic": "Subject-verb-object", "Iduna": "Subject-object-verb", "Idoma": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Ifumu": "Subject-verb-object", "Igbo": "Subject-verb-object", "Igede": "Subject-verb-object", "Ingessana": "Subject-verb-object", "Iha": "Subject-object-verb", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "Subject-object-verb", "Ik": "Verb-subject-object", "Ika": "Subject-object-verb", "Ila": "Subject-verb-object", "Ilocano": "Verb-subject-object", "Inanwatan": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Indonesian": "Subject-verb-object", "Innamincka": "Subject-object-verb", "Iquito": "Subject-verb-object", "Irish": "Verb-subject-object", "Iraqw": "Subject-object-verb", "Irarutu": "Subject-verb-object", "Iranxe": "Subject-object-verb", "I'saka": "Subject-object-verb", "Isirawa": "Subject-object-verb", "Italian": "Subject-verb-object", "Itelmen": "Subject-object-verb", "Itonama": "Subject-verb-object", "Iwaidja": "Subject-verb-object", "Iwam": "Subject-object-verb", "Ixil": "Verb-subject-object", "Izi": "Subject-verb-object", "Jabêm": "Subject-verb-object", "Jad": "Subject-object-verb", "Jakaltek": "Verb-subject-object", "Jaminjung": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Izere": "Subject-verb-object", "Jabutí": "Subject-object-verb", "Jebero": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Jino": "Subject-object-verb", "Jivaro": "Subject-object-verb", "Jur Mödö": "Subject-verb-object", "Jamsay": "Subject-object-verb", "Jingpho": "Subject-object-verb", "Johari": "Subject-object-verb", "Japanese": "Subject-object-verb", "Jarawa (in Andamans)": "Subject-object-verb", "Ju|'hoan": "Subject-verb-object", "Jukun": "Subject-verb-object", "Karajá": "Subject-object-verb", "Karó (Arára)": "Subject-object-verb", "Kabardian": "Subject-object-verb", "Kachari": "Subject-object-verb", "Kadugli": "Subject-verb-object", "Kaki Ae": "Subject-object-verb", "Kana": "Subject-verb-object", "Kara (in Central African Republic)": "Subject-verb-object", "Kashmiri": "Subject-verb-object", "Kaulong": "Subject-verb-object", "Kayardild": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Kamba": "Subject-verb-object", "Kabyle": "Verb-subject-object", "Kambot": "Subject-object-verb", "Kanembu": "Subject-object-verb", "Karen (Bwe)": "Subject-verb-object", "Kabiyé": "Subject-verb-object", "Koyra Chiini": "Subject-verb-object", "Kadiwéu": "Subject-verb-object", "Kadazan": "Verb-subject-object", "Kele": "Subject-verb-object", "Kemant": "Subject-object-verb", "Kenga": "Subject-verb-object", "Kera": "Subject-verb-object", "Ket": "Subject-object-verb", "Kewa": "Subject-object-verb", "Koromfe": "Subject-verb-object", "Kinga": "Subject-verb-object", "Kalkatungu": "Subject-object-verb", "Khalkha": "Subject-object-verb", "Kham (Dege)": "Subject-object-verb", "Khaling": "Subject-object-verb", "Khalaj": "Subject-object-verb", "Khmer": "Subject-verb-object", "Khün": "Subject-verb-object", "Nama": "Subject-object-verb", "Kharia": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Khasi": "Subject-verb-object", "Khowar": "Subject-object-verb", "Kire": "Subject-object-verb", "Kikuyu": "Subject-verb-object", "Kiluba": "Subject-verb-object", "Kimaghama": "Subject-object-verb", "Kinyarwanda": "Subject-verb-object", "Kiowa": "Subject-object-verb", "Kirma": "Subject-verb-object", "Kisi": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Kiwai (Southern)": "Subject-object-verb", "Koreguaje": "Verb-subject-object", "Karakalpak": "Subject-object-verb", "Kuikúro": "Object-verb-subject", "Kokota": "Verb-subject-object", "Korku": "Subject-object-verb", "Lusi": "Subject-verb-object", "Karankawa": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Klao": "Subject-verb-object", "Kaluli": "Subject-object-verb", "Klamath": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Kalispel": "Verb-subject-object", "Kilivila": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Kiliwa": "Subject-object-verb", "Kamaiurá": "Subject-object-verb", "Kombai": "Subject-object-verb", "Kham": "Subject-object-verb", "Karimojong": "Verb-subject-object", "Kuman": "Subject-object-verb", "Koiali (Mountain)": "Subject-object-verb", "Kunimaipa": "Subject-object-verb", "Kamoro": "Subject-object-verb", "Kamass": "Subject-object-verb", "Khmu'": "Subject-verb-object", "Kamu": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Kamasau": "Subject-object-verb", "Kanum (Bädi)": "Subject-object-verb", "Kannada": "Subject-object-verb", "Kaingang": "Subject-object-verb", "Konni": "Subject-verb-object", "Kanakuru": "Subject-verb-object", "Kunama": "Subject-object-verb", "Kinnauri": "Subject-object-verb", "Kanoê": "Subject-object-verb", "Kanuri": "Subject-object-verb", "Kham (Tibetan) (Nangchen)": "Subject-object-verb", "Koasati": "Subject-object-verb", "Kobon": "Subject-object-verb", "Koegu": "Subject-verb-object", "Kokborok": "Subject-object-verb", "Kolami": "Subject-object-verb", "Komo": "Subject-verb-object", "Kongo": "Subject-verb-object", "Korean": "Subject-object-verb", "Kosraean": "Subject-verb-object", "Koya": "Subject-object-verb", "Karen (Pwo)": "Subject-verb-object", "Krenak": "Subject-object-verb", "Kiribati": "Verb-object-subject", "Karachay-Balkar": "Subject-object-verb", "Kurdish (Central)": "Subject-object-verb", "Kresh": "Subject-verb-object", "Krahô": "Subject-object-verb", "Kipea": "Verb-object-subject", "Karok": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Korana": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Krongo": "Verb-subject-object", "Kairiru": "Subject-object-verb", "Korowai": "Subject-object-verb", "Koryak": "Subject-object-verb", "Kryz": "Subject-object-verb", "Keresan (Santa Ana)": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Koyraboro Senni": "Subject-object-verb", "Karen (Sgaw)": "Subject-verb-object", "Kasem": "Subject-verb-object", "Kasong": "Subject-verb-object", "Koita": "Subject-object-verb", "Katcha": "Subject-verb-object", "Kete": "Subject-verb-object", "Kati (in West Papua, Indonesia)": "Subject-object-verb", "Katla": "Subject-verb-object", "Khanty": "Subject-object-verb", "Kumauni": "Subject-object-verb", "Kuna": "Subject-object-verb", "Kuot": "Verb-subject-object", "Kusunda": "Subject-object-verb", "Kutenai": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Kuvi": "Subject-object-verb", "Kwaio": "Subject-verb-object", "Kwakw'ala": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Kwangali": "Subject-verb-object", "Kwoma": "Subject-object-verb", "Kawaiisu": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Kwomtari": "Subject-object-verb", "Iwoyo": "Subject-verb-object", "Kwaza": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Kxoe": "Object-subject-verb", "Kuku-Yalanji": "Subject-object-verb", "Kyaka": "Subject-object-verb", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "Subject-verb-object", "Kayapó": "Subject-object-verb", "Kyuquot": "Verb-subject-object", "Karkar-Yuri": "Subject-object-verb", "Kayabí": "Subject-object-verb", "Komi-Zyrian": "Subject-verb-object", "Laal": "Subject-verb-object", "Labu": "Subject-verb-object", "Lacandón": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Ladakhi": "Subject-object-verb", "Lagwan": "Subject-verb-object", "Lahu": "Subject-object-verb", "Lai": "Subject-object-verb", "Lalo": "Subject-object-verb", "Lango": "Subject-verb-object", "Lao": "Subject-verb-object", "Latvian": "Subject-verb-object", "Lavukaleve": "Subject-object-verb", "Lunda": "Subject-verb-object", "Londo": "Subject-verb-object", "Lendu": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Lebeo": "Subject-verb-object", "Leko": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Lega": "Subject-verb-object", "Lele": "Subject-verb-object", "Lenakel": "Subject-verb-object", "Lepcha": "Subject-object-verb", "Lese": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Leti": "Subject-verb-object", "Lewo": "Subject-verb-object", "Lezgian": "Subject-object-verb", "Langi": "Subject-verb-object", "Logoti": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Longgu": "Verb-object-subject", "Hlai (Baoding)": "Subject-verb-object", "Lillooet": "Verb-subject-object", "Lingala": "Subject-verb-object", "Lisu": "Subject-object-verb", "Lithuanian": "Subject-verb-object", "Lakhota": "Subject-object-verb", "Lelemi": "Subject-verb-object", "Lamba": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Lamang": "Verb-subject-object", "Lamaholot": "Subject-verb-object", "Limilngan": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Lamani": "Subject-object-verb", "Lampung": "Subject-verb-object", "Lamen": "Subject-verb-object", "Linda": "Subject-verb-object", "Loniu": "Subject-verb-object", "Lotha": "Subject-object-verb", "Lou": "Subject-verb-object", "Lucazi": "Subject-verb-object", "Lugbara": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Luiseño": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Luo": "Subject-verb-object", "Luvale": "Subject-verb-object", "Ma": "Subject-verb-object", "Maasai": "Verb-subject-object", "Maba": "Subject-object-verb", "Macushi": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Ma'di": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Mae": "Subject-verb-object", "Magar": "Subject-object-verb", "Majang": "Verb-subject-object", "Makah": "Verb-subject-object", "Malagasy": "Verb-object-subject", "Mam": "Verb-subject-object", "Mano": "Subject-object-verb", "Maori": "Verb-subject-object", "Mapudungun": "Subject-verb-object", "Maricopa": "Subject-object-verb", "Masa": "Subject-verb-object", "Maung": "Subject-verb-object", "Maninka (Western)": "Subject-object-verb", "Maxakalí": "Subject-object-verb", "Maybrat": "Subject-verb-object", "Mba": "Subject-verb-object", "Mbere": "Subject-verb-object", "Mbili": "Subject-verb-object", "Mbum": "Subject-verb-object", "Mbara": "Subject-verb-object", "Mangbetu": "Subject-verb-object", "Mbay": "Subject-verb-object", "Macedonian": "Subject-verb-object", "Mocoví": "Subject-verb-object", "Mada (in Cameroon)": "Subject-verb-object", "Mende": "Subject-object-verb", "Mundang": "Subject-verb-object", "Matngele": "Subject-object-verb", "Madimadi": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Mandan": "Subject-object-verb", "Mbodomo": "Subject-verb-object", "Manadonese": "Subject-verb-object", "Mbosi": "Subject-verb-object", "Meyah": "Subject-verb-object", "Me'en": "Subject-verb-object", "Mehri": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Mekens": "Subject-object-verb", "Manem": "Subject-object-verb", "Menomini": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Meryam Mir": "Subject-object-verb", "Menya": "Subject-object-verb", "Mondunga": "Subject-verb-object", "Mangghuer": "Subject-object-verb", "Magahi": "Subject-object-verb", "Magi": "Subject-object-verb", "Mungaka": "Subject-verb-object", "Mongo": "Subject-verb-object", "Musgu": "Subject-verb-object", "Marathi": "Subject-object-verb", "Mbalanhu": "Subject-verb-object", "Mien": "Subject-verb-object", "Miju": "Subject-object-verb", "Mikir": "Subject-object-verb", "Minangkabau": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Miskito": "Subject-object-verb", "Miya": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Mizo": "Subject-object-verb", "Mauka": "Subject-object-verb", "Makonde": "Subject-verb-object", "Mandinka (Gambian)": "Subject-object-verb", "Mongol (Khamnigan)": "Subject-object-verb", "Mikasuki": "Subject-object-verb", "Makasae": "Subject-object-verb", "Maklew": "Subject-object-verb", "Mankon": "Subject-verb-object", "Maranungku": "Subject-object-verb", "Makaa": "Subject-verb-object", "Mambila": "Subject-verb-object", "Malgwa": "Subject-verb-object", "Mlabri (Minor)": "Subject-verb-object", "Maleu": "Subject-verb-object", "Mangap-Mbula": "Subject-verb-object", "Mamanwa": "Verb-subject-object", "Mamvu": "Subject-verb-object", "Muna": "Subject-verb-object", "Manchu": "Subject-object-verb", "Mandarin": "Subject-verb-object", "Maidu (Northeast)": "Subject-object-verb", "Manggarai": "Subject-verb-object", "Moni": "Subject-object-verb", "Manam": "Subject-object-verb", "Mono (in United States)": "Subject-object-verb", "Mansi": "Subject-object-verb", "Minaveha": "Subject-object-verb", "Margany": "Subject-object-verb", "Mono-Alu": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Mordvin (Erzya)": "Subject-verb-object", "Mofu-Gudur": "Subject-verb-object", "Moghol": "Subject-object-verb", "Mohawk": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Mokilese": "Subject-verb-object", "Mombum": "Subject-object-verb", "Mon": "Subject-verb-object", "Mooré": "Subject-verb-object", "Mor": "Subject-verb-object", "Mosetén": "Subject-verb-object", "Moru": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Movima": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Murrinh-Patha": "Subject-object-verb", "Maipure": "Subject-verb-object", "Mian": "Subject-object-verb", "Mpur": "Subject-verb-object", "Momuna": "Subject-object-verb", "Mara": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Marchha": "Subject-object-verb", "Marind": "Subject-object-verb", "Margi": "Subject-verb-object", "Marrithiyel": "Subject-object-verb", "Moraori": "Subject-object-verb", "Murle": "Verb-subject-object", "Moro": "Subject-verb-object", "Marquesan": "Verb-subject-object", "Maringarr": "Subject-object-verb", "Mairasi": "Subject-object-verb", "Martuthunira": "Subject-verb-object", "Maru": "Subject-object-verb", "Muruwari": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Muisca": "Subject-object-verb", "Mising": "Subject-object-verb", "Masakin": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Masalit": "Subject-object-verb", "Musom": "Subject-verb-object", "Maisin": "Subject-object-verb", "Musqueam": "Verb-subject-object", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Matuumbi": "Subject-verb-object", "Malto": "Subject-object-verb", "Matis": "Subject-object-verb", "Massachusett": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Motu": "Subject-object-verb", "Makua": "Subject-verb-object", "Mumuye": "Subject-verb-object", "Mundari": "Subject-object-verb", "Mupun": "Subject-verb-object", "Mursi": "Subject-verb-object", "Mussau": "Subject-verb-object", "Mutsun": "Subject-verb-object", "Mundurukú": "Subject-object-verb", "Manobo (Western Bukidnon)": "Verb-subject-object", "Mwera": "Subject-verb-object", "Mwotlap": "Subject-verb-object", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Verb-subject-object", "Ifira-Mele": "Subject-verb-object", "Mixtec (Jicaltepec)": "Verb-subject-object", "Mixtec (Ocotepec)": "Verb-subject-object", "Mixtec (Peñoles)": "Verb-subject-object", "Mixe (Ayutla)": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Mixtec (Yosondúa)": "Verb-subject-object", "Mayogo": "Subject-verb-object", "Mangarrayi": "Object-verb-subject", "Malayalam": "Subject-object-verb", "Ma'anyan": "Subject-verb-object", "Matsés": "Subject-object-verb", "Mazatec (Huautla)": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Nabak": "Subject-object-verb", "Nadëb": "Object-subject-verb", "Nagatman": "Subject-object-verb", "Neo-Aramaic (Arbel Jewish)": "Subject-object-verb", "Nakanai": "Subject-verb-object", "Nalik": "Subject-verb-object", "Namia": "Subject-object-verb", "Nandi": "Verb-subject-object", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "Subject-object-verb", "Nasioi": "Subject-object-verb", "Natchez": "Subject-object-verb", "Nauruan": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Navajo": "Subject-object-verb", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Subject-object-verb", "Ngombe": "Subject-verb-object", "Ngbaka (Ma'bo)": "Subject-verb-object", "Ngäbere": "Subject-object-verb", "Nicobarese (Car)": "Verb-object-subject", "Ncàm": "Subject-verb-object", "Ndebele": "Subject-verb-object", "Ngbandi": "Subject-verb-object", "Ndjébbana": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Ndonga": "Subject-verb-object", "Nadroga": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Ndut": "Subject-verb-object", "Ndumu": "Subject-verb-object", "Ndyuka": "Subject-verb-object", "Nehan": "Subject-verb-object", "Nepali": "Subject-object-verb", "Nevome": "Subject-object-verb", "Newari (Kathmandu)": "Subject-object-verb", "Neyo": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Nez Perce": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Nganasan": "Subject-object-verb", "Ngbaka (Minagende)": "Subject-verb-object", "Ngad'a": "Subject-verb-object", "Ngan'gityemerri": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Ngankikurungkurr": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Ngalakan": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Ngambay": "Subject-verb-object", "Ngoni": "Subject-verb-object", "Naga (Tangkhul)": "Subject-object-verb", "Nguna": "Subject-verb-object", "Ngawun": "Subject-verb-object", "Ngizim": "Subject-verb-object", "Nhanda": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Nahuatl (Huasteca)": "Verb-subject-object", "Nahuatl (Michoacán)": "Subject-verb-object", "Nahuatl (North Puebla)": "Subject-verb-object", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Subject-verb-object", "Nias": "Verb-object-subject", "Niuafo'ou": "Verb-subject-object", "Niuean": "Verb-subject-object", "Nivkh": "Subject-object-verb", "Ngalkbun": "Subject-object-verb", "Nkem": "Subject-verb-object", "Nkonya": "Subject-verb-object", "Nkore-Kiga": "Subject-verb-object", "Nubian (Kunuz)": "Subject-object-verb", "Naga (Mao)": "Subject-object-verb", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "Subject-object-verb", "Samo": "Subject-object-verb", "Nancowry": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Nend": "Subject-object-verb", "Nengone": "Subject-verb-object", "Nyanga": "Subject-verb-object", "Nankina": "Subject-object-verb", "Nocte": "Subject-object-verb", "Noghay": "Subject-object-verb", "Noni": "Subject-verb-object", "Noon": "Subject-verb-object", "Norwegian": "Subject-verb-object", "Nsenga": "Subject-verb-object", "Nisgha": "Verb-subject-object", "Ngiti": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Ngaanyatjarra": "Subject-object-verb", "Ntomba": "Subject-verb-object", "Nenets": "Subject-object-verb", "Nuaulu": "Subject-verb-object", "Nuer": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Nunggubuyu": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "Subject-verb-object", "Nupe": "Subject-verb-object", "Nusu": "Subject-object-verb", "Nuuchahnulth": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Newar (Dolakha)": "Subject-object-verb", "Nyimang": "Subject-object-verb", "Nyamkad": "Subject-object-verb", "Nyamwezi": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Nyigina": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Nzakara": "Subject-verb-object", "Ogbronuagum": "Subject-verb-object", "Obolo": "Subject-verb-object", "Ocuilteco": "Subject-verb-object", "Oirat": "Subject-object-verb", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Oksapmin": "Subject-object-verb", "Olo": "Subject-verb-object", "Omaha": "Subject-object-verb", "Oneida": "Lacking a dominant word order", "One": "Subject-verb-object", "Onge": "Subject-object-verb", "O'odham": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Emai": "Subject-verb-object", "Ordos": "Subject-object-verb", "Oromo (Harar)": "Subject-object-verb", "Orig": "Subject-object-verb", "Orokaiva": "Subject-object-verb", "Oromo (Waata)": "Subject-object-verb", "Orya": "Subject-object-verb", "Osage": "Subject-object-verb", "Ossetic": "Subject-object-verb", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Verb-object-subject", "Otoro": "Subject-verb-object", "Owininga": "Subject-object-verb", "Oriya": "Subject-object-verb", "Pa'a": "Subject-verb-object", "Páez": "Subject-object-verb", "Paiwan": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Palauan": "Subject-verb-object", "Pame": "Subject-verb-object", "Panjabi": "Subject-object-verb", "Päri": "Object-verb-subject", "Patep": "Subject-verb-object", "Paumarí": "Subject-verb-object", "Pawaian": "Subject-object-verb", "Pima Bajo": "Subject-object-verb", "Folopa": "Subject-object-verb", "Pero": "Subject-verb-object", "Pilagá": "Subject-verb-object", "Pipil": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Piro": "Subject-object-verb", "Pisa": "Subject-object-verb", "Paakantyi": "Subject-verb-object", "Pokot": "Verb-subject-object", "Palaung": "Subject-verb-object", "Paulohi": "Subject-verb-object", "Palikur": "Subject-verb-object", "Pomo (Eastern)": "Subject-object-verb", "Paamese": "Subject-verb-object", "Pangwa": "Subject-verb-object", "Pangasinan": "Verb-subject-object", "Paiute (Northern)": "Subject-object-verb", "Bunu (Younuo)": "Subject-verb-object", "Panará": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Panyjima": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Podoko": "Verb-subject-object", "Pogoro": "Subject-verb-object", "Pohnpeian": "Subject-verb-object", "Poko-Rawo": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Polish": "Subject-verb-object", "Portuguese": "Subject-verb-object", "Pitta Pitta": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Prasuni": "Subject-object-verb", "Pare": "Subject-verb-object", "Pirahã": "Subject-object-verb", "Purki": "Subject-object-verb", "Persian": "Subject-object-verb", "Pashto": "Subject-object-verb", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Subject-object-verb", "Port Sandwich": "Subject-verb-object", "Pattani": "Subject-object-verb", "Patwin": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Puluwat": "Subject-verb-object", "Pumi": "Subject-object-verb", "Pungupungu": "Subject-object-verb", "Purépecha": "Subject-verb-object", "Qafar": "Subject-object-verb", "Quechua (Huallaga)": "Subject-object-verb", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Subject-object-verb", "Quileute": "Verb-subject-object", "Sipakapense": "Verb-subject-object", "Raga": "Subject-verb-object", "Ralte": "Subject-object-verb", "Rama": "Subject-object-verb", "Rao": "Subject-object-verb", "Rapanui": "Verb-subject-object", "Rashad": "Subject-object-verb", "Rawang": "Subject-object-verb", "Resígaro": "Subject-object-verb", "Retuarã": "Subject-object-verb", "Ronga": "Subject-verb-object", "rGyalrong (Caodeng)": "Subject-object-verb", "Riantana": "Subject-object-verb", "Rikbaktsa": "Subject-object-verb", "Rimi": "Subject-verb-object", "Ritharngu": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Rembarnga": "Subject-object-verb", "Runyankore": "Subject-verb-object", "Romanian": "Subject-verb-object", "Ron": "Subject-verb-object", "Rotuman": "Subject-verb-object", "Roviana": "Verb-subject-object", "Rang Pas": "Subject-object-verb", "Runyoro-Rutooro": "Subject-verb-object", "Romansch (Sursilvan)": "Subject-verb-object", "Rukai (Tanan)": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Rumu": "Subject-object-verb", "Runga": "Subject-object-verb", "Russian": "Subject-verb-object", "Rutul": "Subject-object-verb", "Rawa": "Subject-object-verb", "Romani (Welsh)": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Sahu": "Subject-verb-object", "Sakao": "Subject-verb-object", "Salinan": "Subject-verb-object", "Samoan": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Sango": "Subject-verb-object", "Sapuan": "Subject-verb-object", "Sare": "Subject-object-verb", "Savi": "Subject-object-verb", "Serbian-Croatian": "Subject-verb-object", "Sandawe": "Subject-object-verb", "Southeast Ambrym": "Subject-verb-object", "Sebei": "Verb-subject-object", "Sedang": "Subject-verb-object", "Seediq": "Verb-object-subject", "Selknam": "Object-verb-subject", "Seri": "Subject-object-verb", "Sesotho": "Subject-verb-object", "Sougb": "Subject-verb-object", "Sengele": "Subject-verb-object", "Sangu": "Subject-verb-object", "Shan": "Subject-verb-object", "Shabo": "Subject-object-verb", "Sherpa": "Subject-object-verb", "Sharanahua": "Subject-object-verb", "Shiriana": "Subject-object-verb", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Subject-object-verb", "Shilluk": "Subject-verb-object", "Shambala": "Subject-verb-object", "Shona": "Subject-verb-object", "Shoshone": "Subject-object-verb", "Klikitat": "Verb-subject-object", "Shasta": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Shatt": "Subject-verb-object", "Shuswap": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Siane": "Subject-object-verb", "Sidaama": "Subject-object-verb", "Sila": "Subject-object-verb", "Sio": "Subject-verb-object", "Siar": "Subject-verb-object", "Sisiqa": "Subject-verb-object", "Siuslaw": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Sukuma": "Subject-verb-object", "Skou": "Subject-object-verb", "Selkup": "Subject-object-verb", "Suku": "Subject-verb-object", "Shekhawati": "Subject-object-verb", "Slave": "Subject-object-verb", "Saliba (in Papua New Guinea)": "Subject-object-verb", "Samba Leko": "Subject-verb-object", "Slovene": "Subject-verb-object", "Seme": "Subject-object-verb", "Semelai": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Seminole": "Subject-object-verb", "Shompen": "Verb-subject-object", "Shina": "Subject-object-verb", "Seneca": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Sinaugoro": "Subject-object-verb", "Sinhala": "Subject-object-verb", "Sanuma": "Subject-object-verb", "Soninke": "Subject-object-verb", "Saami (Northern)": "Subject-verb-object", "Sentani": "Subject-object-verb", "So": "Verb-subject-object", "Sobei": "Subject-verb-object", "Soddo": "Subject-object-verb", "Somali": "Subject-object-verb", "Sonsorol-Tobi": "Subject-verb-object", "Spanish": "Subject-verb-object", "Spitian": "Subject-object-verb", "Squamish": "Verb-subject-object", "Sorbian": "Subject-object-verb", "Sarcee": "Subject-object-verb", "Sardinian": "Subject-verb-object", "Sre": "Subject-verb-object", "Sirionó": "Subject-object-verb", "Siroi": "Subject-object-verb", "Sisaala": "Subject-verb-object", "Santa": "Subject-object-verb", "Stieng": "Subject-verb-object", "Santali": "Subject-object-verb", "Sotho (Northern)": "Subject-verb-object", "Sudest": "Subject-verb-object", "Suena": "Subject-object-verb", "Suki": "Subject-object-verb", "Sulka": "Subject-verb-object", "Sundanese": "Subject-verb-object", "Supyire": "Subject-object-verb", "Susu": "Subject-object-verb", "Savosavo": "Subject-object-verb", "Swahili": "Subject-verb-object", "Swedish": "Subject-verb-object", "Swati": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Salt-Yui": "Subject-object-verb", "Taba": "Subject-verb-object", "Tacana": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Taiof": "Subject-verb-object", "Tagalog": "Verb-subject-object", "Tahitian": "Verb-subject-object", "Tajik": "Subject-object-verb", "Takia": "Subject-object-verb", "Talinga": "Subject-verb-object", "Tamang (Eastern)": "Subject-object-verb", "Tangale": "Subject-verb-object", "Tarao": "Subject-object-verb", "Tariana": "Subject-object-verb", "Tashlhiyt": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Tauya": "Subject-object-verb", "Tawala": "Subject-object-verb", "Tabare": "Subject-object-verb", "Tabla": "Subject-object-verb", "Tboli": "Verb-subject-object", "Tobati": "Object-subject-verb", "Tubu": "Subject-object-verb", "Tabwa": "Subject-verb-object", "Tarahumara (Central)": "Subject-object-verb", "Tibetan (Dingri)": "Subject-object-verb", "Tibetan (Drokpa)": "Subject-object-verb", "Tepehua (Huehuetla)": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Telugu": "Subject-object-verb", "Tennet": "Verb-subject-object", "Teop": "Subject-verb-object", "Tepehua (Tlachichilco)": "Subject-verb-object", "Tera": "Subject-verb-object", "Teso": "Verb-subject-object", "Tetela": "Subject-verb-object", "Tigak": "Subject-verb-object", "Tshangla": "Subject-object-verb", "Tugun": "Subject-verb-object", "Tigré": "Subject-object-verb", "Thai": "Subject-verb-object", "Thakali": "Subject-object-verb", "Thangmi": "Subject-object-verb", "Thompson": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Thulung": "Subject-object-verb", "Kuuk Thaayorre": "Subject-object-verb", "Tima": "Subject-verb-object", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "Subject-object-verb", "Ticuna": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Tidore": "Subject-verb-object", "Tigrinya": "Subject-object-verb", "Tikar": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Timugon": "Verb-subject-object", "Tinrin": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Tiriyo": "Object-verb-subject", "Tiv": "Subject-verb-object", "Tiwi": "Subject-verb-object", "Tiipay (Jamul)": "Subject-object-verb", "Tuki": "Subject-verb-object", "Takelma": "Subject-object-verb", "Turkmen": "Subject-object-verb", "Tolai": "Subject-verb-object", "Telefol": "Subject-object-verb", "Tlingit": "Subject-object-verb", "Tobelo": "Subject-object-verb", "Tlapanec": "Verb-subject-object", "Tama": "Subject-object-verb", "Timucua": "Subject-object-verb", "Tamagario": "Subject-object-verb", "Tamil": "Subject-object-verb", "Tamabo": "Subject-verb-object", "Temein": "Subject-verb-object", "Tibetan (Modern Literary)": "Subject-object-verb", "Temiar": "Subject-verb-object", "Turkana": "Verb-subject-object", "Temne": "Subject-verb-object", "Tongan": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Tinani": "Subject-object-verb", "Tungak": "Subject-verb-object", "Tunen": "Subject-object-verb", "Tondano": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Toba": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Tod": "Subject-object-verb", "Tonkawa": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Tonga (in Zambia)": "Subject-verb-object", "Tepehuan (Northern)": "Verb-subject-object", "Tupuri": "Subject-verb-object", "Tapieté": "Subject-object-verb", "Teribe": "Subject-object-verb", "Trique (Copala)": "Verb-subject-object", "Tirmaga": "Subject-verb-object", "Tairora": "Subject-object-verb", "Trumai": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Torwali": "Subject-object-verb", "Tsafiki": "Subject-object-verb", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "Subject-object-verb", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Verb-subject-object", "Tamashek": "Verb-subject-object", "Taushiro": "Verb-subject-object", "Tsez": "Subject-object-verb", "Tetun Dili": "Subject-verb-object", "Tutelo": "Subject-object-verb", "Tetun": "Subject-verb-object", "Tsova-Tush": "Subject-object-verb", "Tukang Besi": "Verb-object-subject", "Tulu": "Subject-object-verb", "Tumleo": "Subject-verb-object", "Tunica": "Subject-object-verb", "Turkish": "Subject-object-verb", "Tuscarora": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Tuvan": "Subject-object-verb", "Tuyuca": "Subject-object-verb", "Tuvaluan": "Object-verb-subject", "Tatar": "Subject-object-verb", "Tarahumara (Western)": "Subject-object-verb", "Tiwa (Northern)": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Totonac (Xicotepec de Juárez)": "Subject-verb-object", "Tyeraity": "Subject-object-verb", "Tzotzil": "Verb-object-subject", "Tzutujil": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Ubykh": "Subject-object-verb", "Udihe": "Subject-object-verb", "Udi": "Subject-object-verb", "Udmurt": "Subject-object-verb", "Uradhi": "Subject-object-verb", "Ukrainian": "Subject-verb-object", "Uldeme": "Subject-verb-object", "Ulithian": "Subject-verb-object", "Una": "Subject-object-verb", "Ungarinjin": "Object-verb-subject", "Ura": "Subject-verb-object", "Urdu": "Subject-object-verb", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Subject-object-verb", "Urak Lawoi'": "Subject-verb-object", "Urarina": "Object-verb-subject", "Urat": "Subject-verb-object", "Usan": "Subject-object-verb", "Usarufa": "Subject-object-verb", "Ute": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Uyghur": "Subject-object-verb", "Uzbek": "Subject-object-verb", "Vai": "Subject-object-verb", "Venda": "Subject-verb-object", "Vietnamese": "Subject-verb-object", "Vinmavis": "Subject-verb-object", "Wagiman": "Subject-object-verb", "Wahgi": "Subject-object-verb", "Wai Wai": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Wakhi": "Subject-object-verb", "Walman": "Subject-verb-object", "Wambaya": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Wangkumara": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Waorani": "Subject-object-verb", "Wappo": "Subject-object-verb", "Wari'": "Verb-object-subject", "Washo": "Subject-object-verb", "Wayampi": "Subject-object-verb", "Wambon": "Subject-object-verb", "Wichí": "Subject-verb-object", "Welsh (Colloquial)": "Verb-subject-object", "Wedau": "Subject-object-verb", "Welsh": "Verb-subject-object", "Wembawemba": "Verb-object-subject", "Wichita": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Wikchamni": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Wintu": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Wiyot": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Wolof": "Subject-verb-object", "Wolio": "Verb-subject-object", "Warluwara": "Subject-object-verb", "Wolaytta": "Subject-object-verb", "West Makian": "Subject-verb-object", "Wambule": "Subject-object-verb", "Wik Munkan": "Subject-object-verb", "Wik Ngathana": "Object-subject-verb", "Wan": "Subject-object-verb", "Woleaian": "Subject-verb-object", "Womo": "Subject-object-verb", "Wardaman": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Warrgamay": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Warekena": "Subject-verb-object", "Warlpiri": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Warembori": "Subject-verb-object", "Warndarang": "Subject-verb-object", "Warrwa": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Waray (in Australia)": "Subject-verb-object", "Waskia": "Subject-object-verb", "Wathawurrung": "Verb-object-subject", "Waama": "Subject-verb-object", "Wyandot": "Lacking a dominant word order", "/Xam": "Subject-verb-object", "Xârâcùù": "Subject-verb-object", "Xasonga": "Subject-object-verb", "Kombio": "Subject-verb-object", "Xerénte": "Subject-object-verb", "Xhosa": "Subject-verb-object", "Kanashi": "Subject-object-verb", "!Xóõ": "Subject-verb-object", "Yagua": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Yahgan": "Subject-object-verb", "Yale (Kosarek)": "Subject-object-verb", "Yaminahua": "Subject-object-verb", "Yao (in Malawi)": "Subject-verb-object", "Yapese": "Verb-subject-object", "Yaqui": "Subject-object-verb", "Yareba": "Subject-object-verb", "Yay": "Subject-verb-object", "Yucuna": "Subject-verb-object", "Yei": "Subject-object-verb", "Yelî Dnye": "Subject-object-verb", "Yagaria": "Subject-object-verb", "Yidiny": "Subject-object-verb", "Yindjibarndi": "Subject-verb-object", "Yi (Wuding-Luquan)": "Subject-object-verb", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Subject-object-verb", "Yakut": "Subject-object-verb", "Yelmek": "Subject-object-verb", "Yingkarta": "Subject-verb-object", "Yokuts (Yaudanchi)": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Yoruba": "Subject-verb-object", "Yup'ik (Central)": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Yaqay": "Subject-object-verb", "Yukaghir (Tundra)": "Subject-object-verb", "Yuchi": "Subject-object-verb", "Yukulta": "Subject-verb-object", "Yulu": "Subject-verb-object", "Yurok": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Yupik (Siberian)": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Yuwaalaraay": "Subject-object-verb", "Yawelmani": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Yawuru": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Beria": "Subject-object-verb", "Zapotec (Isthmus)": "Verb-subject-object", "Zande": "Subject-verb-object", "Zapotec (Mitla)": "Verb-subject-object", "Zarma": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Zayse": "Subject-object-verb", "Zazaki": "Subject-object-verb", "Zoque (Chimalapa)": "Subject-verb-object", "Zhuang (Northern)": "Subject-verb-object", "Zimakani": "Subject-object-verb", "Zaparo": "Subject-verb-object", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Verb-object-subject", "Zoque (Ostuacan)": "Lacking a dominant word order", "Popoluca (Sierra)": "Subject-verb-object", "Zulu": "Subject-verb-object", "Zuni": "Subject-object-verb", "Zapotec (Zoogocho)": "Verb-subject-object" }
81B
Languages with two Dominant Orders of Subject, Object, and Verb
Word Order
Does the <LANGUAGE> language have two dominant orders of subject, object and verb?
Subject-object-verb or Subject-verb-object; Verb-subject-object or Verb-object-subject; Subject-verb-object or Verb-subject-object; Subject-verb-object or Verb-object-subject; Subject-object-verb or Object-verb-subject
{ "Ajagbe": "Subject-object-verb or Subject-verb-object", "Amis": "Verb-subject-object or Verb-object-subject", "Apalaí": "Subject-object-verb or Object-verb-subject", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Subject-object-verb or Subject-verb-object", "Arabic (Syrian)": "Subject-verb-object or Verb-subject-object", "Avokaya": "Subject-object-verb or Subject-verb-object", "Barambu": "Subject-verb-object or Verb-subject-object", "Berber (Chaouia)": "Subject-verb-object or Verb-subject-object", "Batak (Karo)": "Subject-verb-object or Verb-subject-object", "Bontok": "Subject-verb-object or Verb-subject-object", "Bajau (West Coast)": "Subject-verb-object or Verb-subject-object", "Chai": "Subject-object-verb or Subject-verb-object", "Damana": "Subject-object-verb or Subject-verb-object", "Dadjriwalé": "Subject-object-verb or Subject-verb-object", "Dongo": "Subject-object-verb or Subject-verb-object", "Dinka": "Subject-object-verb or Subject-verb-object", "Drehu": "Subject-verb-object or Verb-object-subject", "Dutch": "Subject-object-verb or Subject-verb-object", "Fijian": "Verb-subject-object or Verb-object-subject", "Frisian": "Subject-object-verb or Subject-verb-object", "German": "Subject-object-verb or Subject-verb-object", "Gününa Küne": "Subject-verb-object or Verb-object-subject", "Greek (Modern)": "Subject-verb-object or Verb-subject-object", "Garrwa": "Subject-verb-object or Verb-subject-object", "Gwari": "Subject-object-verb or Subject-verb-object", "Hungarian": "Subject-object-verb or Subject-verb-object", "Inanwatan": "Subject-object-verb or Subject-verb-object", "Kisi": "Subject-object-verb or Subject-verb-object", "Kilivila": "Subject-verb-object or Verb-object-subject", "Kutenai": "Verb-subject-object or Verb-object-subject", "Kwakw'ala": "Subject-verb-object or Verb-subject-object", "Kwaza": "Subject-object-verb or Subject-verb-object", "Lacandón": "Subject-verb-object or Verb-object-subject", "Lendu": "Subject-object-verb or Subject-verb-object", "Logoti": "Subject-object-verb or Subject-verb-object", "Lugbara": "Subject-object-verb or Subject-verb-object", "Macushi": "Subject-object-verb or Object-verb-subject", "Ma'di": "Subject-object-verb or Subject-verb-object", "Mehri": "Subject-verb-object or Verb-subject-object", "Miya": "Subject-verb-object or Verb-object-subject", "Moru": "Subject-object-verb or Subject-verb-object", "Movima": "Verb-subject-object or Verb-object-subject", "Masakin": "Subject-verb-object or Verb-subject-object", "Neyo": "Subject-object-verb or Subject-verb-object", "Nancowry": "Verb-subject-object or Verb-object-subject", "Ngiti": "Subject-object-verb or Subject-verb-object", "Nuer": "Subject-object-verb or Subject-verb-object", "Nuuchahnulth": "Verb-subject-object or Verb-object-subject", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "Verb-subject-object or Verb-object-subject", "Paiwan": "Verb-subject-object or Verb-object-subject", "Panará": "Subject-object-verb or Subject-verb-object", "Poko-Rawo": "Subject-object-verb or Subject-verb-object", "Rukai (Tanan)": "Verb-subject-object or Verb-object-subject", "Romani (Welsh)": "Subject-verb-object or Verb-subject-object", "Samoan": "Verb-subject-object or Verb-object-subject", "Shuswap": "Verb-subject-object or Verb-object-subject", "Semelai": "Verb-subject-object or Verb-object-subject", "Tepehua (Huehuetla)": "Subject-verb-object or Verb-subject-object", "Thompson": "Verb-subject-object or Verb-object-subject", "Tinrin": "Subject-verb-object or Verb-object-subject", "Tongan": "Verb-subject-object or Verb-object-subject", "Toba": "Subject-verb-object or Verb-object-subject", "Tonkawa": "Subject-object-verb or Subject-verb-object", "Trumai": "Subject-object-verb or Subject-verb-object", "Tiwa (Northern)": "Subject-object-verb or Subject-verb-object", "Tzutujil": "Subject-verb-object or Verb-object-subject", "Wichita": "Subject-object-verb or Object-verb-subject" }
82A
Order of Subject and Verb
Word Order
What is the order of subject and verb in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Subject precedes verb; Subject follows verb; Both orders with neither order dominant
{ "Arapesh (Abu)": "Subject precedes verb", "Aari": "Subject precedes verb", "Abau": "Subject precedes verb", "Abipón": "Subject precedes verb", "Abkhaz": "Subject precedes verb", "Arabana": "Subject precedes verb", "Arbore": "Subject precedes verb", "Abun": "Subject precedes verb", "Abui": "Subject precedes verb", "Acehnese": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Achagua": "Subject precedes verb", "Acholi": "Subject precedes verb", "Achumawi": "Subject precedes verb", "Achang": "Subject precedes verb", "Acoma": "Subject precedes verb", "Adang": "Subject precedes verb", "Adioukrou": "Subject precedes verb", "Adynyamathanha": "Subject precedes verb", "Adyghe (Abzakh)": "Subject precedes verb", "Adzera": "Subject precedes verb", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Subject precedes verb", "Agarabi": "Subject precedes verb", "Leggbó": "Subject precedes verb", "Agta (Central)": "Subject follows verb", "Agta (Dupaningan)": "Subject follows verb", "Aghem": "Subject precedes verb", "Angami": "Subject precedes verb", "Anguthimri": "Subject precedes verb", "Ainu": "Subject precedes verb", "Aja": "Subject precedes verb", "Ajagbe": "Subject precedes verb", "Akha": "Subject precedes verb", "Akan": "Subject precedes verb", "Alamblak": "Subject precedes verb", "Albanian": "Subject precedes verb", "Aleut": "Subject precedes verb", "Arop-Lokep": "Subject precedes verb", "Ala'ala": "Subject precedes verb", "Alune": "Subject precedes verb", "Alsea": "Subject follows verb", "Alawa": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Alyawarra": "Subject precedes verb", "Amara": "Subject precedes verb", "Ambulas": "Subject precedes verb", "Amahuaca": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Amele": "Subject precedes verb", "Amharic": "Subject precedes verb", "Amis": "Subject follows verb", "Ambae (Lolovoli Northeast)": "Subject precedes verb", "Amanab": "Subject precedes verb", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "Subject precedes verb", "Ambai": "Subject precedes verb", "Arabic (Moroccan)": "Subject follows verb", "Arabic (Modern Standard)": "Subject follows verb", "Amdo (Themchen)": "Subject precedes verb", "Anamuxra": "Subject precedes verb", "Araona": "Subject precedes verb", "Angas": "Subject precedes verb", "Anêm": "Subject precedes verb", "Anggor": "Subject precedes verb", "//Ani": "Subject precedes verb", "Anejom": "Subject follows verb", "Anindilyakwa": "Subject follows verb", "Anong": "Subject precedes verb", "Anufo": "Subject precedes verb", "Anywa": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Ao": "Subject precedes verb", "Mufian": "Subject precedes verb", "Apinayé": "Subject precedes verb", "Apalaí": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Apatani": "Subject precedes verb", "Apurinã": "Subject precedes verb", "Apache (Western)": "Subject precedes verb", "Lokono": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Archi": "Subject precedes verb", "Arabic (Gulf)": "Subject precedes verb", "Aribwatsa": "Subject precedes verb", "Arabic (Kuwaiti)": "Subject precedes verb", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Subject precedes verb", "Arosi": "Subject precedes verb", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Subject precedes verb", "Arabic (Iraqi)": "Subject precedes verb", "Armenian (Western)": "Subject precedes verb", "Asmat": "Subject precedes verb", "Assamese": "Subject precedes verb", "Asuriní": "Subject follows verb", "Arabic (Syrian)": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Atayal": "Subject follows verb", "Athpare": "Subject precedes verb", "Atakapa": "Subject precedes verb", "Atacameño": "Subject precedes verb", "Au": "Subject precedes verb", "Avar": "Subject precedes verb", "Avikam": "Subject precedes verb", "Avokaya": "Subject precedes verb", "Awa": "Subject precedes verb", "Aekyom": "Subject precedes verb", "Awa Pit": "Subject precedes verb", "Awtuw": "Subject precedes verb", "Awyi": "Subject precedes verb", "Anyi": "Subject precedes verb", "Aymara (Central)": "Subject precedes verb", "Ayomán": "Subject precedes verb", "Ayoreo": "Subject precedes verb", "Ayiwo": "Subject precedes verb", "Azerbaijani": "Subject precedes verb", "Azari (Iranian)": "Subject precedes verb", "Barai": "Subject precedes verb", "Babungo": "Subject precedes verb", "Bachamal": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Baré": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Bafut": "Subject precedes verb", "Bagirmi": "Subject precedes verb", "Bai": "Subject precedes verb", "Bajau (Sama)": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Baka (in Cameroon)": "Subject precedes verb", "Bambara": "Subject precedes verb", "Bao'an": "Subject precedes verb", "Baure": "Subject follows verb", "Bari": "Subject precedes verb", "Basaá": "Subject precedes verb", "Bawm": "Subject precedes verb", "Babole": "Subject precedes verb", "Barambu": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Bininj Gun-Wok": "Subject precedes verb", "Berber (Chaouia)": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Bella Coola": "Subject follows verb", "Badimaya": "Subject precedes verb", "Budu": "Subject precedes verb", "Baham": "Subject precedes verb", "Beja": "Subject precedes verb", "Belhare": "Subject precedes verb", "Bengali": "Subject precedes verb", "Berta": "Subject precedes verb", "Berber (Figuig)": "Subject follows verb", "Bangime": "Subject precedes verb", "Bongo": "Subject precedes verb", "Bagiro": "Subject precedes verb", "Baga Sitemu": "Subject precedes verb", "Banggi": "Subject precedes verb", "Bhojpuri": "Subject precedes verb", "Bhumij": "Subject precedes verb", "Bidiya": "Subject precedes verb", "Biri": "Subject precedes verb", "Biak": "Subject precedes verb", "Bilua": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Binandere": "Subject precedes verb", "Nai": "Subject precedes verb", "Birom": "Subject precedes verb", "Bisu": "Subject precedes verb", "Baka (in South Sudan)": "Subject precedes verb", "Betta Kurumba": "Subject precedes verb", "Bikol": "Subject follows verb", "Batak (Karo)": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Brokskat": "Subject precedes verb", "Bakueri": "Subject precedes verb", "Blackfoot": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Baoulé": "Subject precedes verb", "Bilin": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Belorussian": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Balti": "Subject precedes verb", "Biloxi": "Subject precedes verb", "Balanta": "Subject precedes verb", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Subject follows verb", "Bimoba": "Subject precedes verb", "Bunuba": "Subject precedes verb", "Bini": "Subject precedes verb", "Bandjalang": "Subject precedes verb", "Bankon": "Subject precedes verb", "Banoni": "Subject precedes verb", "Bularnu": "Subject precedes verb", "Boazi (Kuni)": "Subject precedes verb", "Bobangi": "Subject precedes verb", "Bodo": "Subject precedes verb", "Boko": "Subject precedes verb", "Bolia": "Subject precedes verb", "Bongu": "Subject precedes verb", "Bokar": "Subject precedes verb", "Brao": "Subject precedes verb", "Breton": "Subject follows verb", "Berber (Rif)": "Subject precedes verb", "Bribri": "Subject precedes verb", "Baragaunle": "Subject precedes verb", "Burmese": "Subject precedes verb", "Burunge": "Subject precedes verb", "Barupu": "Subject precedes verb", "Bera": "Subject precedes verb", "Barasano": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Baruya": "Subject precedes verb", "Bushoong": "Subject precedes verb", "Bashkir": "Subject precedes verb", "Basque": "Subject precedes verb", "Basari": "Subject precedes verb", "Betoi": "Subject precedes verb", "Bontok": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Batak (Toba)": "Subject follows verb", "Burarra": "Subject precedes verb", "Bubi": "Subject precedes verb", "Buduma": "Subject precedes verb", "Bugis": "Subject precedes verb", "Bulgarian": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Buma": "Subject precedes verb", "Burushaski": "Subject precedes verb", "Busa": "Subject precedes verb", "Buriat": "Subject precedes verb", "Buru": "Subject precedes verb", "Buli (in Ghana)": "Subject precedes verb", "Bali-Vitu": "Subject precedes verb", "Bajau (West Coast)": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Byansi": "Subject precedes verb", "Bauzi": "Subject precedes verb", "Cahuilla": "Subject precedes verb", "Chai": "Subject precedes verb", "Cakchiquel": "Subject follows verb", "Camsá": "Subject precedes verb", "Candoshi": "Subject precedes verb", "Carib": "Subject precedes verb", "Cashibo": "Subject precedes verb", "Cavineña": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Campa (Axininca)": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Cayapa": "Subject precedes verb", "Chumash (Barbareño)": "Subject follows verb", "Chácobo": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Chinantec (Comaltepec)": "Subject follows verb", "Choctaw": "Subject precedes verb", "Carib (De'kwana)": "Subject precedes verb", "Cree (Swampy)": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Cebuano": "Subject follows verb", "Cèmuhî": "Subject follows verb", "Chaga": "Subject precedes verb", "Chamorro": "Subject follows verb", "Chambri": "Subject precedes verb", "Chechen": "Subject precedes verb", "Chaudangsi": "Subject precedes verb", "Cherokee": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Chang": "Subject precedes verb", "Chaha": "Subject precedes verb", "Chimariko": "Subject precedes verb", "Chuj": "Subject follows verb", "Chukchi": "Subject precedes verb", "Chantyal": "Subject precedes verb", "Chipewyan": "Subject precedes verb", "Chinantec (Quiotepec)": "Subject follows verb", "Chrau": "Subject precedes verb", "Chin (Siyin)": "Subject precedes verb", "Chuvash": "Subject precedes verb", "Cham (Western)": "Subject precedes verb", "Chontal (Huamelultec Oaxaca)": "Subject follows verb", "Chichewa": "Subject precedes verb", "Chinook (Lower)": "Subject follows verb", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Subject follows verb", "Cholón": "Subject precedes verb", "Cham (Eastern)": "Subject precedes verb", "Chemehuevi": "Subject precedes verb", "Camling": "Subject precedes verb", "Comanche": "Subject precedes verb", "Chin (Mara)": "Subject precedes verb", "Comox": "Subject follows verb", "Chontal Maya": "Subject follows verb", "Canela": "Subject precedes verb", "Cantonese": "Subject precedes verb", "Coahuilteco": "Subject precedes verb", "Cocama": "Subject precedes verb", "Coeur d'Alene": "Subject follows verb", "Coos (Hanis)": "Subject follows verb", "Coptic": "Subject precedes verb", "Cora": "Subject follows verb", "Rumsien": "Subject follows verb", "Chinantec (Palantla)": "Subject follows verb", "Chepang": "Subject precedes verb", "Chipaya": "Subject precedes verb", "Cree (Plains)": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Cornish": "Subject precedes verb", "Crow": "Subject precedes verb", "Chatino (Sierra Occidental)": "Subject follows verb", "Chin (Tiddim)": "Subject precedes verb", "Catalan": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Chitimacha": "Subject precedes verb", "Catawba": "Subject precedes verb", "Cua": "Subject precedes verb", "Cubeo": "Subject follows verb", "Cuica": "Subject precedes verb", "Cuiba": "Subject precedes verb", "Cupeño": "Subject precedes verb", "Chatino (Yaitepec)": "Subject follows verb", "Cayuvava": "Subject follows verb", "Czech": "Subject precedes verb", "Daga": "Subject precedes verb", "Damana": "Subject precedes verb", "Dan": "Subject precedes verb", "Dâw": "Subject precedes verb", "Day": "Subject precedes verb", "Dadjriwalé": "Subject precedes verb", "Donno So": "Subject precedes verb", "Degema": "Subject precedes verb", "Dla (Proper)": "Subject precedes verb", "Desano": "Subject precedes verb", "Deuri": "Subject precedes verb", "Dagaare": "Subject precedes verb", "Dagbani": "Subject precedes verb", "Dongo": "Subject precedes verb", "Dagur": "Subject precedes verb", "Dhaasanac": "Subject precedes verb", "Dharumbal": "Subject precedes verb", "Dhimal": "Subject precedes verb", "Dhargari": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Didinga": "Subject follows verb", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "Subject precedes verb", "Digaro": "Subject precedes verb", "Dime": "Subject precedes verb", "Dinka": "Subject precedes verb", "Diola-Fogny": "Subject precedes verb", "Diyari": "Subject precedes verb", "Djabugay": "Subject precedes verb", "Djingili": "Subject precedes verb", "Djambarrpuyngu": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Djapu": "Subject precedes verb", "Djaru": "Subject precedes verb", "Dla (Menggwa)": "Subject precedes verb", "Duma": "Subject precedes verb", "Dumi": "Subject precedes verb", "Domaaki": "Subject precedes verb", "Dimasa": "Subject precedes verb", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Subject precedes verb", "Bwele": "Subject precedes verb", "Domari": "Subject follows verb", "Dong (Southern)": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Doyayo": "Subject precedes verb", "Drehu": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Dargwa": "Subject precedes verb", "Darma": "Subject precedes verb", "Danish": "Subject precedes verb", "Duala": "Subject precedes verb", "Duka": "Subject precedes verb", "Dulong": "Subject precedes verb", "Dumo": "Subject precedes verb", "Duna": "Subject precedes verb", "Dutch": "Subject precedes verb", "Dyirbal": "Subject precedes verb", "Ebira": "Subject precedes verb", "Edolo": "Subject precedes verb", "Ega": "Subject precedes verb", "Engenni": "Subject precedes verb", "Eipo": "Subject precedes verb", "Ekari": "Subject precedes verb", "Ekoti": "Subject precedes verb", "Emberá (Northern)": "Subject precedes verb", "Émérillon": "Subject precedes verb", "Emmi": "Subject precedes verb", "Enets": "Subject precedes verb", "English": "Subject precedes verb", "Enggano": "Subject precedes verb", "Epena Pedee": "Subject precedes verb", "Efate (South)": "Subject precedes verb", "Erromangan": "Subject precedes verb", "Ese Ejja": "Subject precedes verb", "Esmeraldeño": "Subject follows verb", "Estonian": "Subject precedes verb", "Eudeve": "Subject precedes verb", "Evenki": "Subject precedes verb", "Even": "Subject precedes verb", "Ewe": "Subject precedes verb", "Ewondo": "Subject precedes verb", "Fasu": "Subject precedes verb", "Fijian": "Subject follows verb", "Finnish": "Subject precedes verb", "Foe": "Subject precedes verb", "Fongbe": "Subject precedes verb", "Fore": "Subject precedes verb", "Momu": "Subject precedes verb", "French": "Subject precedes verb", "Frisian": "Subject precedes verb", "Fulfulde (Adamawa)": "Subject precedes verb", "Fur": "Subject precedes verb", "Futuna-Aniwa": "Subject precedes verb", "Fyem": "Subject precedes verb", "Gã": "Subject precedes verb", "Gaelic (Scots)": "Subject follows verb", "Gahuku": "Subject precedes verb", "Galo": "Subject precedes verb", "Gamo": "Subject precedes verb", "Great Andamanese": "Subject precedes verb", "Gapapaiwa": "Subject precedes verb", "Garo": "Subject precedes verb", "Gavião": "Subject precedes verb", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "Subject precedes verb", "Gbaya (Southwest)": "Subject precedes verb", "Gadsup": "Subject precedes verb", "Gela": "Subject follows verb", "Georgian": "Subject precedes verb", "German": "Subject precedes verb", "Gureng Gureng": "Subject precedes verb", "Guahibo": "Subject precedes verb", "Bunan": "Subject precedes verb", "Gidabal": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Gimira": "Subject precedes verb", "Gitksan": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Guajajara": "Subject follows verb", "Gününa Küne": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Gelao": "Subject precedes verb", "Golin": "Subject precedes verb", "Gumawana": "Subject precedes verb", "Gumuz": "Subject precedes verb", "Gunbalang": "Subject precedes verb", "Gunin": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Goajiro": "Subject follows verb", "Godoberi": "Subject precedes verb", "Goemai": "Subject precedes verb", "Gogodala": "Subject precedes verb", "Gokana": "Subject precedes verb", "Gondi": "Subject precedes verb", "Gooniyandi": "Subject precedes verb", "Grebo": "Subject precedes verb", "Garífuna": "Subject follows verb", "Gurr-goni": "Subject precedes verb", "Guarijío": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Greek (Modern)": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Garrwa": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Greenlandic (West)": "Subject precedes verb", "Guató": "Subject follows verb", "Guaraní": "Subject precedes verb", "Gude": "Subject follows verb", "Gugada": "Subject precedes verb", "Guhu-Samane": "Subject precedes verb", "Gujarati": "Subject precedes verb", "Gula (in Central African Republic)": "Subject precedes verb", "Gumbaynggir": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Gurung": "Subject precedes verb", "Guugu Yimidhirr": "Subject precedes verb", "Gungbe": "Subject precedes verb", "Gwari": "Subject precedes verb", "Gworok": "Subject precedes verb", "Gyarong (Cogtse)": "Subject precedes verb", "Haida": "Subject precedes verb", "Hakka": "Subject precedes verb", "Halia": "Subject precedes verb", "Hamtai": "Subject precedes verb", "Hani": "Subject precedes verb", "Haruai": "Subject precedes verb", "Hatam": "Subject precedes verb", "Hausa": "Subject precedes verb", "Hawaiian": "Subject follows verb", "Hayu": "Subject precedes verb", "Hdi": "Subject follows verb", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Subject precedes verb", "Hehe": "Subject precedes verb", "Heiltsuk": "Subject follows verb", "Hemba": "Subject precedes verb", "Hanga Hundi": "Subject precedes verb", "Hidatsa": "Subject precedes verb", "Hiligaynon": "Subject follows verb", "Hindi": "Subject precedes verb", "Hixkaryana": "Subject follows verb", "Hualapai": "Subject precedes verb", "Halkomelem (Upriver)": "Subject follows verb", "Hmar": "Subject precedes verb", "Huitoto (Minica)": "Subject precedes verb", "Hmong Njua": "Subject precedes verb", "Mina": "Subject precedes verb", "Hunde": "Subject precedes verb", "Hoava": "Subject follows verb", "Holoholo": "Subject precedes verb", "Hopi": "Subject precedes verb", "Hup": "Subject precedes verb", "Huastec": "Subject follows verb", "Hua": "Subject precedes verb", "=|Hoan": "Subject precedes verb", "Huichol": "Subject precedes verb", "Huitoto (Murui)": "Subject precedes verb", "Hungarian": "Subject precedes verb", "Hupa": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "Subject follows verb", "Haya": "Subject precedes verb", "Hunzib": "Subject precedes verb", "Iaai": "Subject follows verb", "Iatmul": "Subject precedes verb", "Iau": "Subject precedes verb", "Iban": "Subject precedes verb", "Icelandic": "Subject precedes verb", "Iduna": "Subject precedes verb", "Idu": "Subject precedes verb", "Ifumu": "Subject precedes verb", "Ifugao (Batad)": "Subject follows verb", "Igbo": "Subject precedes verb", "Igede": "Subject precedes verb", "Ignaciano": "Subject follows verb", "Ingessana": "Subject precedes verb", "Iha": "Subject precedes verb", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "Subject precedes verb", "Ik": "Subject follows verb", "Ika": "Subject precedes verb", "Ila": "Subject precedes verb", "Ilocano": "Subject follows verb", "Imonda": "Subject precedes verb", "Inanwatan": "Subject precedes verb", "Indonesian": "Subject precedes verb", "Ingush": "Subject precedes verb", "Innamincka": "Subject precedes verb", "Iquito": "Subject precedes verb", "Irish": "Subject follows verb", "Iraqw": "Subject precedes verb", "Irarutu": "Subject precedes verb", "Iranxe": "Subject precedes verb", "I'saka": "Subject precedes verb", "Isirawa": "Subject precedes verb", "Italian": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Itelmen": "Subject precedes verb", "Itonama": "Subject precedes verb", "Iwaidja": "Subject precedes verb", "Iwam": "Subject precedes verb", "Ixil": "Subject follows verb", "Izi": "Subject precedes verb", "Jabêm": "Subject precedes verb", "Jad": "Subject precedes verb", "Jakaltek": "Subject follows verb", "Jaminjung": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Izere": "Subject precedes verb", "Jabutí": "Subject precedes verb", "Jebero": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Jino": "Subject precedes verb", "Jivaro": "Subject precedes verb", "Jur Mödö": "Subject precedes verb", "Jamsay": "Subject precedes verb", "Jingpho": "Subject precedes verb", "Johari": "Subject precedes verb", "Japanese": "Subject precedes verb", "Jarawa (in Andamans)": "Subject precedes verb", "Ju|'hoan": "Subject precedes verb", "Jukun": "Subject precedes verb", "Karajá": "Subject precedes verb", "Jarawara": "Subject precedes verb", "Karó (Arára)": "Subject precedes verb", "Kabardian": "Subject precedes verb", "Kachari": "Subject precedes verb", "Kadugli": "Subject precedes verb", "Kaki Ae": "Subject precedes verb", "Kambera": "Subject follows verb", "Kana": "Subject precedes verb", "Kara (in Central African Republic)": "Subject precedes verb", "Kashmiri": "Subject precedes verb", "Kaulong": "Subject precedes verb", "Kayardild": "Subject precedes verb", "Kamba": "Subject precedes verb", "Kabyle": "Subject follows verb", "Kambot": "Subject precedes verb", "Kanembu": "Subject precedes verb", "Karen (Bwe)": "Subject precedes verb", "Kabiyé": "Subject precedes verb", "Koyra Chiini": "Subject precedes verb", "Kadiwéu": "Subject precedes verb", "Kadazan": "Subject follows verb", "Kele": "Subject precedes verb", "Kemant": "Subject precedes verb", "Kenga": "Subject precedes verb", "Kera": "Subject precedes verb", "Ket": "Subject precedes verb", "Kewa": "Subject precedes verb", "Koromfe": "Subject precedes verb", "Kinga": "Subject precedes verb", "Kalkatungu": "Subject precedes verb", "Kyirong": "Subject precedes verb", "Khalkha": "Subject precedes verb", "Kham (Dege)": "Subject precedes verb", "Khaling": "Subject precedes verb", "Khalaj": "Subject precedes verb", "Khmer": "Subject precedes verb", "Khün": "Subject precedes verb", "Nama": "Subject precedes verb", "Kharia": "Subject precedes verb", "Khasi": "Subject precedes verb", "Khowar": "Subject precedes verb", "Kire": "Subject precedes verb", "Kikuyu": "Subject precedes verb", "Kiluba": "Subject precedes verb", "Kimaghama": "Subject precedes verb", "Kinyarwanda": "Subject precedes verb", "Kiowa": "Subject precedes verb", "Kirma": "Subject precedes verb", "Kisi": "Subject precedes verb", "Kiwai (Southern)": "Subject precedes verb", "Koreguaje": "Subject follows verb", "Karakalpak": "Subject precedes verb", "Kuikúro": "Subject precedes verb", "Kokota": "Subject follows verb", "Korku": "Subject precedes verb", "Lusi": "Subject precedes verb", "Klao": "Subject precedes verb", "Kulung": "Subject precedes verb", "Kaluli": "Subject precedes verb", "Klamath": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Kalam": "Subject precedes verb", "Kalispel": "Subject follows verb", "Kilivila": "Subject follows verb", "Kiliwa": "Subject precedes verb", "Kamaiurá": "Subject precedes verb", "Kombai": "Subject precedes verb", "Kham": "Subject precedes verb", "Karimojong": "Subject follows verb", "Kalmyk": "Subject precedes verb", "Kuman": "Subject precedes verb", "Koiali (Mountain)": "Subject precedes verb", "Kunimaipa": "Subject precedes verb", "Kamoro": "Subject precedes verb", "Kamass": "Subject precedes verb", "Khmu'": "Subject precedes verb", "Kamu": "Subject precedes verb", "Kamasau": "Subject precedes verb", "Kanum (Bädi)": "Subject precedes verb", "Kugu Nganhcara": "Subject precedes verb", "Kannada": "Subject precedes verb", "Kaingang": "Subject precedes verb", "Konni": "Subject precedes verb", "Kanakuru": "Subject precedes verb", "Kunama": "Subject precedes verb", "Kinnauri": "Subject precedes verb", "Kanoê": "Subject precedes verb", "Kanuri": "Subject precedes verb", "Konkow": "Subject precedes verb", "Kham (Tibetan) (Nangchen)": "Subject precedes verb", "Koasati": "Subject precedes verb", "Kobon": "Subject precedes verb", "Koegu": "Subject precedes verb", "Kokborok": "Subject precedes verb", "Kolami": "Subject precedes verb", "Komo": "Subject precedes verb", "Kongo": "Subject precedes verb", "Korean": "Subject precedes verb", "Kosraean": "Subject precedes verb", "Koya": "Subject precedes verb", "Kapampangan": "Subject follows verb", "Karen (Pwo)": "Subject precedes verb", "Krenak": "Subject precedes verb", "Kiribati": "Subject follows verb", "Karachay-Balkar": "Subject precedes verb", "Kurdish (Central)": "Subject precedes verb", "Kresh": "Subject precedes verb", "Krahô": "Subject precedes verb", "Kipea": "Subject follows verb", "Karok": "Subject precedes verb", "Korana": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Krongo": "Subject follows verb", "Kairiru": "Subject precedes verb", "Korowai": "Subject precedes verb", "Koryak": "Subject precedes verb", "Kryz": "Subject precedes verb", "Keresan (Santa Ana)": "Subject precedes verb", "Koyraboro Senni": "Subject precedes verb", "Karen (Sgaw)": "Subject precedes verb", "Kasem": "Subject precedes verb", "Kasong": "Subject precedes verb", "Koita": "Subject precedes verb", "Katcha": "Subject precedes verb", "Kete": "Subject precedes verb", "Kati (in West Papua, Indonesia)": "Subject precedes verb", "Katla": "Subject precedes verb", "Kathlamet": "Subject follows verb", "Khanty": "Subject precedes verb", "Kumauni": "Subject precedes verb", "Kuna": "Subject precedes verb", "Kuot": "Subject follows verb", "Kusunda": "Subject precedes verb", "Kutenai": "Subject follows verb", "Kuuku Ya'u": "Subject precedes verb", "Kuvi": "Subject precedes verb", "Kwaio": "Subject precedes verb", "Kwakw'ala": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Kwangali": "Subject precedes verb", "Kwoma": "Subject precedes verb", "Kawaiisu": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Kwomtari": "Subject precedes verb", "Iwoyo": "Subject precedes verb", "Kwaza": "Subject precedes verb", "Kxoe": "Subject precedes verb", "Kuku-Yalanji": "Subject precedes verb", "Kyaka": "Subject precedes verb", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "Subject precedes verb", "Koyukon": "Subject precedes verb", "Kayapó": "Subject precedes verb", "Kyuquot": "Subject follows verb", "Karkar-Yuri": "Subject precedes verb", "Kayabí": "Subject precedes verb", "Komi-Zyrian": "Subject precedes verb", "Laal": "Subject precedes verb", "Labu": "Subject precedes verb", "Lacandón": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Ladakhi": "Subject precedes verb", "Lagwan": "Subject precedes verb", "Lahu": "Subject precedes verb", "Lai": "Subject precedes verb", "Lak": "Subject precedes verb", "Lalo": "Subject precedes verb", "Lango": "Subject precedes verb", "Lao": "Subject precedes verb", "Laragia": "Subject precedes verb", "Latvian": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Lavukaleve": "Subject precedes verb", "Lunda": "Subject precedes verb", "Luganda": "Subject precedes verb", "Londo": "Subject precedes verb", "Lendu": "Subject precedes verb", "Lebeo": "Subject precedes verb", "Leko": "Subject precedes verb", "Lega": "Subject precedes verb", "Lele": "Subject precedes verb", "Lenakel": "Subject precedes verb", "Lepcha": "Subject precedes verb", "Lese": "Subject precedes verb", "Leti": "Subject precedes verb", "Lewo": "Subject precedes verb", "Lezgian": "Subject precedes verb", "Langi": "Subject precedes verb", "Logoti": "Subject precedes verb", "Longgu": "Subject follows verb", "Lhomi": "Subject precedes verb", "Hlai (Baoding)": "Subject precedes verb", "Lillooet": "Subject follows verb", "Limbu": "Subject precedes verb", "Lingala": "Subject precedes verb", "Lisu": "Subject precedes verb", "Lithuanian": "Subject precedes verb", "Lakhota": "Subject precedes verb", "Lelemi": "Subject precedes verb", "Lamang": "Subject follows verb", "Lamaholot": "Subject precedes verb", "Limilngan": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Lamani": "Subject precedes verb", "Lampung": "Subject precedes verb", "Lamen": "Subject precedes verb", "Linda": "Subject precedes verb", "Loniu": "Subject precedes verb", "Lotha": "Subject precedes verb", "Lou": "Subject precedes verb", "Lucazi": "Subject precedes verb", "Lugbara": "Subject precedes verb", "Luiseño": "Subject precedes verb", "Luo": "Subject precedes verb", "Luvale": "Subject precedes verb", "Ma": "Subject precedes verb", "Maasai": "Subject follows verb", "Maba": "Subject precedes verb", "Macushi": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Ma'di": "Subject precedes verb", "Mae": "Subject precedes verb", "Magar": "Subject precedes verb", "Maithili": "Subject precedes verb", "Majang": "Subject follows verb", "Makah": "Subject follows verb", "Malagasy": "Subject follows verb", "Mam": "Subject follows verb", "Mano": "Subject precedes verb", "Maori": "Subject follows verb", "Mapudungun": "Subject follows verb", "Maricopa": "Subject precedes verb", "Masa": "Subject precedes verb", "Maung": "Subject precedes verb", "Maninka (Western)": "Subject precedes verb", "Maxakalí": "Subject precedes verb", "Maybrat": "Subject precedes verb", "Mba": "Subject precedes verb", "Mbere": "Subject precedes verb", "Mbili": "Subject precedes verb", "Mbum": "Subject precedes verb", "Monumbo": "Subject precedes verb", "Mbara": "Subject precedes verb", "Mangbetu": "Subject precedes verb", "Mbay": "Subject precedes verb", "Macedonian": "Subject precedes verb", "Machiguenga": "Subject follows verb", "Mocoví": "Subject follows verb", "Mada (in Cameroon)": "Subject precedes verb", "Mende": "Subject precedes verb", "Mundang": "Subject precedes verb", "Matngele": "Subject precedes verb", "Madimadi": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Mandan": "Subject precedes verb", "Mbodomo": "Subject precedes verb", "Manadonese": "Subject precedes verb", "Mbosi": "Subject precedes verb", "Meyah": "Subject precedes verb", "Me'en": "Subject precedes verb", "Mehri": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Meithei": "Subject precedes verb", "Mekens": "Subject precedes verb", "Manem": "Subject precedes verb", "Menomini": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Meryam Mir": "Subject precedes verb", "Menya": "Subject precedes verb", "Mondunga": "Subject precedes verb", "Mangghuer": "Subject precedes verb", "Magahi": "Subject precedes verb", "Magi": "Subject precedes verb", "Mungaka": "Subject precedes verb", "Mongo": "Subject precedes verb", "Mango": "Subject precedes verb", "Musgu": "Subject precedes verb", "Marathi": "Subject precedes verb", "Mbalanhu": "Subject precedes verb", "Mien": "Subject precedes verb", "Miisiirii": "Subject precedes verb", "Miju": "Subject precedes verb", "Mikir": "Subject precedes verb", "Milang": "Subject precedes verb", "Minangkabau": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Miskito": "Subject precedes verb", "Miya": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Mizo": "Subject precedes verb", "Mauka": "Subject precedes verb", "Makonde": "Subject precedes verb", "Mekeo": "Subject precedes verb", "Mandinka (Gambian)": "Subject precedes verb", "Mongol (Khamnigan)": "Subject precedes verb", "Mikasuki": "Subject precedes verb", "Makasae": "Subject precedes verb", "Maklew": "Subject precedes verb", "Mankon": "Subject precedes verb", "Maranungku": "Subject precedes verb", "Makaa": "Subject precedes verb", "Mambila": "Subject precedes verb", "Malgwa": "Subject precedes verb", "Malakmalak": "Subject precedes verb", "Mlabri (Minor)": "Subject precedes verb", "Maleu": "Subject precedes verb", "Mangap-Mbula": "Subject precedes verb", "Mamanwa": "Subject follows verb", "Mamvu": "Subject precedes verb", "Muna": "Subject follows verb", "Manchu": "Subject precedes verb", "Mandarin": "Subject precedes verb", "Maidu (Northeast)": "Subject precedes verb", "Manggarai": "Subject precedes verb", "Moni": "Subject precedes verb", "Manam": "Subject precedes verb", "Mono (in United States)": "Subject precedes verb", "Mansi": "Subject precedes verb", "Mentawai": "Subject follows verb", "Minaveha": "Subject precedes verb", "Margany": "Subject precedes verb", "Mono-Alu": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Mordvin (Erzya)": "Subject precedes verb", "Mofu-Gudur": "Subject precedes verb", "Moghol": "Subject precedes verb", "Mohawk": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Mokilese": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Mombum": "Subject precedes verb", "Mon": "Subject precedes verb", "Mooré": "Subject precedes verb", "Mor": "Subject precedes verb", "Mosetén": "Subject precedes verb", "Motuna": "Subject precedes verb", "Moru": "Subject precedes verb", "Movima": "Subject follows verb", "Murrinh-Patha": "Subject precedes verb", "Mpongwe": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Maipure": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Mian": "Subject precedes verb", "Mpur": "Subject precedes verb", "Momuna": "Subject precedes verb", "Mara": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Marchha": "Subject precedes verb", "Marind": "Subject precedes verb", "Margi": "Subject precedes verb", "Marrithiyel": "Subject precedes verb", "Moraori": "Subject precedes verb", "Murle": "Subject follows verb", "Moro": "Subject precedes verb", "Marquesan": "Subject follows verb", "Maringarr": "Subject precedes verb", "Mairasi": "Subject precedes verb", "Martuthunira": "Subject precedes verb", "Maru": "Subject precedes verb", "Muruwari": "Subject precedes verb", "Muisca": "Subject precedes verb", "Mising": "Subject precedes verb", "Masakin": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Masalit": "Subject precedes verb", "Musom": "Subject precedes verb", "Maisin": "Subject precedes verb", "Musqueam": "Subject follows verb", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Subject precedes verb", "Matuumbi": "Subject precedes verb", "Malto": "Subject precedes verb", "Matis": "Subject precedes verb", "Massachusett": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Motu": "Subject precedes verb", "Makua": "Subject precedes verb", "Muinane": "Subject precedes verb", "Mumuye": "Subject precedes verb", "Mundari": "Subject precedes verb", "Mupun": "Subject precedes verb", "Mursi": "Subject precedes verb", "Mussau": "Subject precedes verb", "Mutsun": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Mundurukú": "Subject precedes verb", "Manobo (Western Bukidnon)": "Subject follows verb", "Mwera": "Subject precedes verb", "Mwotlap": "Subject precedes verb", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Subject follows verb", "Ifira-Mele": "Subject precedes verb", "Mixtec (Jicaltepec)": "Subject follows verb", "Mixtec (Ocotepec)": "Subject follows verb", "Mixtec (Peñoles)": "Subject follows verb", "Mixe (Ayutla)": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Mixtec (Yosondúa)": "Subject follows verb", "Mayogo": "Subject precedes verb", "Mangarrayi": "Subject precedes verb", "Malayalam": "Subject precedes verb", "Ma'anyan": "Subject precedes verb", "Matsés": "Subject precedes verb", "Mazatec (Chiquihuitlán)": "Subject follows verb", "Mazatec (Huautla)": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Nabak": "Subject precedes verb", "Nadëb": "Subject precedes verb", "Nagatman": "Subject precedes verb", "Nahali": "Subject precedes verb", "Neo-Aramaic (Arbel Jewish)": "Subject precedes verb", "Nakanai": "Subject precedes verb", "Nalik": "Subject precedes verb", "Namia": "Subject precedes verb", "Nandi": "Subject follows verb", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "Subject precedes verb", "Nasioi": "Subject precedes verb", "Natchez": "Subject precedes verb", "Nauruan": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Navajo": "Subject precedes verb", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Subject precedes verb", "Ngombe": "Subject precedes verb", "Ngbaka (Ma'bo)": "Subject precedes verb", "Ngäbere": "Subject precedes verb", "Nicobarese (Car)": "Subject follows verb", "Ncàm": "Subject precedes verb", "Ndebele": "Subject precedes verb", "Ngbandi": "Subject precedes verb", "Ndjébbana": "Subject precedes verb", "Ndonga": "Subject precedes verb", "Nadroga": "Subject follows verb", "Ndut": "Subject precedes verb", "Ndumu": "Subject precedes verb", "Ndyuka": "Subject precedes verb", "Nehan": "Subject precedes verb", "Nepali": "Subject precedes verb", "Nevome": "Subject precedes verb", "Newari (Kathmandu)": "Subject precedes verb", "Neyo": "Subject precedes verb", "Nez Perce": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Nganasan": "Subject precedes verb", "Ngad'a": "Subject precedes verb", "Ngan'gityemerri": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Ngiyambaa": "Subject precedes verb", "Ngadjumaja": "Subject precedes verb", "Ngankikurungkurr": "Subject precedes verb", "Ngalakan": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Ngambay": "Subject precedes verb", "Ngandi": "Subject precedes verb", "Ngoni": "Subject precedes verb", "Ngarinyeri": "Subject follows verb", "Naga (Tangkhul)": "Subject precedes verb", "Nguna": "Subject precedes verb", "Ngawun": "Subject precedes verb", "Ngizim": "Subject precedes verb", "Nhanda": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Nahuatl (Huasteca)": "Subject follows verb", "Nahuatl (Michoacán)": "Subject follows verb", "Nahuatl (North Puebla)": "Subject precedes verb", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Nias": "Subject follows verb", "Niuafo'ou": "Subject follows verb", "Nyishi": "Subject precedes verb", "Niuean": "Subject follows verb", "Nivkh": "Subject precedes verb", "Ngalkbun": "Subject precedes verb", "Nkem": "Subject precedes verb", "Nkonya": "Subject precedes verb", "Nkore-Kiga": "Subject precedes verb", "Nubian (Kunuz)": "Subject precedes verb", "Naga (Mao)": "Subject precedes verb", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "Subject precedes verb", "Samo": "Subject precedes verb", "Manange": "Subject precedes verb", "Nancowry": "Subject follows verb", "Nend": "Subject precedes verb", "Nengone": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Nyanga": "Subject precedes verb", "Nankina": "Subject precedes verb", "Nocte": "Subject precedes verb", "Noghay": "Subject precedes verb", "Noni": "Subject precedes verb", "Noon": "Subject precedes verb", "Norwegian": "Subject precedes verb", "Nar-Phu": "Subject precedes verb", "Nsenga": "Subject precedes verb", "Nisgha": "Subject follows verb", "Nisenan": "Subject precedes verb", "Ngiti": "Subject precedes verb", "Ngaanyatjarra": "Subject precedes verb", "Ntomba": "Subject precedes verb", "Nenets": "Subject precedes verb", "Nuaulu": "Subject precedes verb", "Nuer": "Subject precedes verb", "Nunggubuyu": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "Subject precedes verb", "Nupe": "Subject precedes verb", "Nusu": "Subject precedes verb", "Nuuchahnulth": "Subject follows verb", "Newar (Dolakha)": "Subject precedes verb", "Nyawaygi": "Subject precedes verb", "Nyimang": "Subject precedes verb", "Nyamkad": "Subject precedes verb", "Nyamwezi": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Nyigina": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Nzakara": "Subject precedes verb", "Naga (Zeme)": "Subject precedes verb", "Ogbronuagum": "Subject precedes verb", "Obolo": "Subject precedes verb", "Ocuilteco": "Subject precedes verb", "Oirat": "Subject precedes verb", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "Subject follows verb", "Oksapmin": "Subject precedes verb", "Olo": "Subject precedes verb", "Omaha": "Subject precedes verb", "Ömie": "Subject precedes verb", "Oneida": "Subject follows verb", "One": "Subject precedes verb", "Onge": "Subject precedes verb", "O'odham": "Subject follows verb", "Emai": "Subject precedes verb", "Ordos": "Subject precedes verb", "Oromo (Harar)": "Subject precedes verb", "Orig": "Subject precedes verb", "Orok": "Subject precedes verb", "Orokaiva": "Subject precedes verb", "Oromo (Waata)": "Subject precedes verb", "Orya": "Subject precedes verb", "Osage": "Subject precedes verb", "Ossetic": "Subject precedes verb", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Subject follows verb", "Otoro": "Subject precedes verb", "Owininga": "Subject precedes verb", "Oriya": "Subject precedes verb", "Pa'a": "Subject precedes verb", "Páez": "Subject precedes verb", "Paiwan": "Subject follows verb", "Palauan": "Subject precedes verb", "Pame": "Subject precedes verb", "Panjabi": "Subject precedes verb", "Päri": "Subject precedes verb", "Patep": "Subject precedes verb", "Paumarí": "Subject follows verb", "Pawaian": "Subject precedes verb", "Pima Bajo": "Subject precedes verb", "Folopa": "Subject precedes verb", "Pero": "Subject precedes verb", "Pilagá": "Subject follows verb", "Piaroa": "Subject precedes verb", "Pipil": "Subject follows verb", "Piro": "Subject precedes verb", "Pisa": "Subject precedes verb", "Pitjantjatjara": "Subject precedes verb", "Paakantyi": "Subject precedes verb", "Pokot": "Subject follows verb", "Palaung": "Subject precedes verb", "Paulohi": "Subject precedes verb", "Palikur": "Subject precedes verb", "Pomo (Eastern)": "Subject precedes verb", "Pomo (Northern)": "Subject precedes verb", "Paamese": "Subject precedes verb", "Pangwa": "Subject precedes verb", "Pangasinan": "Subject follows verb", "Paiute (Northern)": "Subject precedes verb", "Bunu (Younuo)": "Subject precedes verb", "Panará": "Subject follows verb", "Panyjima": "Subject precedes verb", "Podoko": "Subject follows verb", "Pogoro": "Subject precedes verb", "Pohnpeian": "Subject precedes verb", "Poko-Rawo": "Subject precedes verb", "Polish": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Portuguese": "Subject precedes verb", "Pitta Pitta": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Prasuni": "Subject precedes verb", "Pare": "Subject precedes verb", "Pirahã": "Subject precedes verb", "Purki": "Subject precedes verb", "Persian": "Subject precedes verb", "Pashto": "Subject precedes verb", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Subject precedes verb", "Port Sandwich": "Subject precedes verb", "Pattani": "Subject precedes verb", "Patwin": "Subject precedes verb", "Puluwat": "Subject precedes verb", "Pumi": "Subject precedes verb", "Pungupungu": "Subject precedes verb", "Purépecha": "Subject precedes verb", "Qafar": "Subject precedes verb", "Qawasqar": "Subject precedes verb", "Quechua (Huallaga)": "Subject precedes verb", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Subject precedes verb", "Quileute": "Subject follows verb", "Sipakapense": "Subject follows verb", "Raga": "Subject precedes verb", "Ralte": "Subject precedes verb", "Rama": "Subject precedes verb", "Rao": "Subject precedes verb", "Rapanui": "Subject follows verb", "Rashad": "Subject precedes verb", "Rawang": "Subject precedes verb", "Remo": "Subject precedes verb", "Resígaro": "Subject precedes verb", "Retuarã": "Subject precedes verb", "Ronga": "Subject precedes verb", "rGyalrong (Caodeng)": "Subject precedes verb", "Riantana": "Subject precedes verb", "Rikbaktsa": "Subject precedes verb", "Rimi": "Subject precedes verb", "Ritharngu": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Rembarnga": "Subject precedes verb", "Rundi": "Subject precedes verb", "Runyankore": "Subject precedes verb", "Romanian": "Subject precedes verb", "Ron": "Subject precedes verb", "Rotuman": "Subject precedes verb", "Roviana": "Subject follows verb", "Rang Pas": "Subject precedes verb", "Runyoro-Rutooro": "Subject precedes verb", "Romansch (Sursilvan)": "Subject precedes verb", "Rukai (Tanan)": "Subject follows verb", "Rumu": "Subject precedes verb", "Runga": "Subject precedes verb", "Russian": "Subject precedes verb", "Rutul": "Subject precedes verb", "Rawa": "Subject precedes verb", "Romani (Welsh)": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Shuri": "Subject precedes verb", "Sahu": "Subject precedes verb", "Sakao": "Subject precedes verb", "Salinan": "Subject follows verb", "Samoan": "Subject follows verb", "Sango": "Subject precedes verb", "Sapuan": "Subject precedes verb", "Sare": "Subject precedes verb", "Savi": "Subject precedes verb", "Serbian-Croatian": "Subject precedes verb", "Sandawe": "Subject precedes verb", "Southeast Ambrym": "Subject precedes verb", "Sebei": "Subject follows verb", "Sedang": "Subject precedes verb", "Seediq": "Subject follows verb", "Selknam": "Subject follows verb", "Sema": "Subject precedes verb", "Seri": "Subject precedes verb", "Sesotho": "Subject precedes verb", "Sougb": "Subject precedes verb", "Sengele": "Subject precedes verb", "Sangu": "Subject precedes verb", "Shan": "Subject precedes verb", "Shabo": "Subject precedes verb", "Sherpa": "Subject precedes verb", "Sharanahua": "Subject precedes verb", "Shiriana": "Subject precedes verb", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Subject precedes verb", "Shilluk": "Subject precedes verb", "Shambala": "Subject precedes verb", "Shona": "Subject precedes verb", "Shoshone": "Subject precedes verb", "Klikitat": "Subject follows verb", "Shasta": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Shatt": "Subject precedes verb", "Shuswap": "Subject follows verb", "Siane": "Subject precedes verb", "Sidaama": "Subject precedes verb", "Sila": "Subject precedes verb", "Simeulue": "Subject follows verb", "Siona": "Subject precedes verb", "Sio": "Subject precedes verb", "Siar": "Subject precedes verb", "Sisiqa": "Subject precedes verb", "Siuslaw": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Sikkimese": "Subject precedes verb", "Sukuma": "Subject precedes verb", "Skou": "Subject precedes verb", "Selkup": "Subject precedes verb", "Sikaritai": "Subject precedes verb", "Suku": "Subject precedes verb", "Shekhawati": "Subject precedes verb", "Slave": "Subject precedes verb", "Saliba (in Papua New Guinea)": "Subject precedes verb", "Samba Leko": "Subject precedes verb", "Slovene": "Subject precedes verb", "Seme": "Subject precedes verb", "Semelai": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Seminole": "Subject precedes verb", "Shompen": "Subject follows verb", "Shina": "Subject precedes verb", "Seneca": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Sinaugoro": "Subject precedes verb", "Sinhala": "Subject precedes verb", "Sanuma": "Subject precedes verb", "Soninke": "Subject precedes verb", "Saami (Northern)": "Subject precedes verb", "Sentani": "Subject precedes verb", "So": "Subject follows verb", "Sobei": "Subject precedes verb", "Soddo": "Subject precedes verb", "Somali": "Subject precedes verb", "Sonsorol-Tobi": "Subject precedes verb", "Spanish": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Spitian": "Subject precedes verb", "Squamish": "Subject follows verb", "Sorbian": "Subject precedes verb", "Sarcee": "Subject precedes verb", "Sardinian": "Subject precedes verb", "Sre": "Subject precedes verb", "Sirionó": "Subject precedes verb", "Siroi": "Subject precedes verb", "Sisaala": "Subject precedes verb", "Santa": "Subject precedes verb", "Stieng": "Subject precedes verb", "Santali": "Subject precedes verb", "Sotho (Northern)": "Subject precedes verb", "Sudest": "Subject precedes verb", "Suena": "Subject precedes verb", "Suki": "Subject precedes verb", "Sulka": "Subject precedes verb", "Sundanese": "Subject precedes verb", "Supyire": "Subject precedes verb", "Susu": "Subject precedes verb", "Savosavo": "Subject precedes verb", "Swahili": "Subject precedes verb", "Swedish": "Subject precedes verb", "Swati": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Salt-Yui": "Subject precedes verb", "Taba": "Subject precedes verb", "Tacana": "Subject precedes verb", "Taiof": "Subject precedes verb", "Tagalog": "Subject follows verb", "Tahitian": "Subject follows verb", "Tuareg (Air)": "Subject follows verb", "Tajik": "Subject precedes verb", "Takia": "Subject precedes verb", "Talinga": "Subject precedes verb", "Tamang (Eastern)": "Subject precedes verb", "Tangale": "Subject precedes verb", "Tarao": "Subject precedes verb", "Tariana": "Subject precedes verb", "Tashlhiyt": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Tatana'": "Subject follows verb", "Tauya": "Subject precedes verb", "Tawala": "Subject precedes verb", "Tabare": "Subject precedes verb", "Tabla": "Subject precedes verb", "Tboli": "Subject follows verb", "Tobati": "Subject precedes verb", "Tubu": "Subject precedes verb", "Tabwa": "Subject precedes verb", "Tarahumara (Central)": "Subject precedes verb", "Tibetan (Dingri)": "Subject precedes verb", "Tibetan (Drokpa)": "Subject precedes verb", "Tepehua (Huehuetla)": "Subject follows verb", "Telugu": "Subject precedes verb", "Tennet": "Subject follows verb", "Teop": "Subject precedes verb", "Tepehua (Tlachichilco)": "Subject follows verb", "Tera": "Subject precedes verb", "Teso": "Subject follows verb", "Tetela": "Subject precedes verb", "Tigak": "Subject precedes verb", "Tshangla": "Subject precedes verb", "Tugun": "Subject precedes verb", "Tigré": "Subject precedes verb", "Thai": "Subject precedes verb", "Thakali": "Subject precedes verb", "Thangmi": "Subject precedes verb", "Thompson": "Subject follows verb", "Thulung": "Subject precedes verb", "Kuuk Thaayorre": "Subject precedes verb", "Tima": "Subject precedes verb", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "Subject precedes verb", "Tidore": "Subject precedes verb", "Tigrinya": "Subject precedes verb", "Tikar": "Subject precedes verb", "Timugon": "Subject follows verb", "Tinrin": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Tiriyo": "Subject follows verb", "Tibetan (Shigatse)": "Subject precedes verb", "Tiv": "Subject precedes verb", "Tiwi": "Subject precedes verb", "Tiipay (Jamul)": "Subject precedes verb", "Tokelauan": "Subject follows verb", "Tuki": "Subject precedes verb", "Takelma": "Subject precedes verb", "Turkmen": "Subject precedes verb", "Tolai": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Telefol": "Subject precedes verb", "Tlingit": "Subject precedes verb", "Tobelo": "Subject precedes verb", "Tlapanec": "Subject follows verb", "Tama": "Subject precedes verb", "Timucua": "Subject precedes verb", "Tamagario": "Subject precedes verb", "Tamil": "Subject precedes verb", "Tamabo": "Subject precedes verb", "Temein": "Subject precedes verb", "Tibetan (Modern Literary)": "Subject precedes verb", "Temiar": "Subject precedes verb", "Turkana": "Subject follows verb", "Tunebo": "Subject precedes verb", "Tanacross": "Subject precedes verb", "Temne": "Subject precedes verb", "Tongan": "Subject follows verb", "Tinani": "Subject precedes verb", "Tungak": "Subject precedes verb", "Tunen": "Subject precedes verb", "Tondano": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Tenyer": "Subject precedes verb", "Toba": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Tod": "Subject precedes verb", "Tonkawa": "Subject precedes verb", "Southern Toussian": "Subject precedes verb", "Tonga (in Zambia)": "Subject precedes verb", "Tepehuan (Northern)": "Subject follows verb", "Tupuri": "Subject precedes verb", "Tepehuan (Southeastern)": "Subject follows verb", "Tapieté": "Subject precedes verb", "Teribe": "Subject precedes verb", "Trique (Copala)": "Subject follows verb", "Tirmaga": "Subject precedes verb", "Tairora": "Subject precedes verb", "Trumai": "Subject precedes verb", "Torwali": "Subject precedes verb", "Tsafiki": "Subject precedes verb", "Tausug": "Subject follows verb", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "Subject precedes verb", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Subject follows verb", "Tamashek": "Subject follows verb", "Taushiro": "Subject follows verb", "Tsez": "Subject precedes verb", "Tetun Dili": "Subject precedes verb", "Tutelo": "Subject precedes verb", "Tetun": "Subject precedes verb", "Tsova-Tush": "Subject precedes verb", "Tucano": "Subject precedes verb", "Tukang Besi": "Subject follows verb", "Tulu": "Subject precedes verb", "Tumleo": "Subject precedes verb", "Tunica": "Subject precedes verb", "Turkish": "Subject precedes verb", "Tuscarora": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Tuvan": "Subject precedes verb", "Tuyuca": "Subject precedes verb", "Tuvaluan": "Subject follows verb", "Tatar": "Subject precedes verb", "Tutsa": "Subject precedes verb", "Tarahumara (Western)": "Subject precedes verb", "Tiwa (Northern)": "Subject precedes verb", "Totonac (Xicotepec de Juárez)": "Subject precedes verb", "Tyeraity": "Subject precedes verb", "Tzotzil": "Subject follows verb", "Tzutujil": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Ubykh": "Subject precedes verb", "Udihe": "Subject precedes verb", "Udi": "Subject precedes verb", "Udmurt": "Subject precedes verb", "Uradhi": "Subject precedes verb", "Ukrainian": "Subject precedes verb", "Uldeme": "Subject precedes verb", "Ulithian": "Subject precedes verb", "Una": "Subject precedes verb", "Ungarinjin": "Subject precedes verb", "Ura": "Subject precedes verb", "Urdu": "Subject precedes verb", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Subject precedes verb", "Urak Lawoi'": "Subject precedes verb", "Urarina": "Subject follows verb", "Urat": "Subject precedes verb", "Uru": "Subject precedes verb", "Usan": "Subject precedes verb", "Usarufa": "Subject precedes verb", "Ute": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Uyghur": "Subject precedes verb", "Uzbek": "Subject precedes verb", "Vai": "Subject precedes verb", "Venda": "Subject precedes verb", "Vietnamese": "Subject precedes verb", "Vinmavis": "Subject precedes verb", "Wagiman": "Subject precedes verb", "Wahgi": "Subject precedes verb", "Wai Wai": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Wakhi": "Subject precedes verb", "Walman": "Subject precedes verb", "Wambaya": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Wangkumara": "Subject precedes verb", "Waorani": "Subject precedes verb", "Wappo": "Subject precedes verb", "Wari'": "Subject follows verb", "Washo": "Subject precedes verb", "Waunana": "Subject precedes verb", "Wayampi": "Subject precedes verb", "Wambon": "Subject precedes verb", "Wichí": "Subject precedes verb", "Welsh (Colloquial)": "Subject follows verb", "Wedau": "Subject precedes verb", "Welsh": "Subject follows verb", "Wembawemba": "Subject follows verb", "Wichita": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Wikchamni": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Wintu": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Wiyot": "Subject precedes verb", "Wolof": "Subject precedes verb", "Wolio": "Subject follows verb", "Warluwara": "Subject precedes verb", "Wolaytta": "Subject precedes verb", "West Makian": "Subject precedes verb", "Wambule": "Subject precedes verb", "Wik Munkan": "Subject precedes verb", "Wik Ngathana": "Subject precedes verb", "Wan": "Subject precedes verb", "Woisika": "Subject precedes verb", "Woleaian": "Subject precedes verb", "Womo": "Subject precedes verb", "Warao": "Subject precedes verb", "Warrnambool": "Subject follows verb", "Wardaman": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Warrgamay": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Warekena": "Subject precedes verb", "Warlpiri": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Warembori": "Subject precedes verb", "Warndarang": "Subject precedes verb", "Warrwa": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Waray (in Australia)": "Subject precedes verb", "Waskia": "Subject precedes verb", "Wathawurrung": "Subject follows verb", "Watam": "Subject precedes verb", "Waama": "Subject precedes verb", "Wyandot": "Subject follows verb", "/Xam": "Subject precedes verb", "Xârâcùù": "Subject precedes verb", "Xasonga": "Subject precedes verb", "Xavánte": "Subject precedes verb", "Kombio": "Subject precedes verb", "Xerénte": "Subject precedes verb", "Xhosa": "Subject precedes verb", "Kanashi": "Subject precedes verb", "!Xóõ": "Subject precedes verb", "Yagua": "Subject follows verb", "Yahgan": "Subject precedes verb", "Yale (Kosarek)": "Subject precedes verb", "Yaminahua": "Subject precedes verb", "Yao (in Malawi)": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Yapese": "Subject follows verb", "Yaqui": "Subject precedes verb", "Yareba": "Subject precedes verb", "Yay": "Subject precedes verb", "Yamphu": "Subject precedes verb", "Yucuna": "Subject precedes verb", "Yei": "Subject precedes verb", "Yelî Dnye": "Subject precedes verb", "Yagaria": "Subject precedes verb", "Nuosu": "Subject precedes verb", "Yidiny": "Subject precedes verb", "Yimas": "Subject precedes verb", "Yindjibarndi": "Subject precedes verb", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Subject precedes verb", "Yakut": "Subject precedes verb", "Yelmek": "Subject precedes verb", "Yingkarta": "Subject precedes verb", "Yokuts (Yaudanchi)": "Subject follows verb", "Yoruba": "Subject precedes verb", "Yup'ik (Central)": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Yaqay": "Subject precedes verb", "Yukaghir (Tundra)": "Subject precedes verb", "Yuchi": "Subject precedes verb", "Yukulta": "Subject precedes verb", "Yulu": "Subject precedes verb", "Yurok": "Subject precedes verb", "Yupik (Siberian)": "Subject precedes verb", "Yuwaalaraay": "Subject precedes verb", "Yawelmani": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Yawuru": "Subject follows verb", "Beria": "Subject precedes verb", "Zapotec (Isthmus)": "Subject follows verb", "Zande": "Subject precedes verb", "Zapotec (Mitla)": "Subject follows verb", "Zarma": "Subject precedes verb", "Zayse": "Subject precedes verb", "Zazaki": "Subject precedes verb", "Zoque (Chimalapa)": "Subject precedes verb", "Zhuang (Northern)": "Subject precedes verb", "Zimakani": "Subject precedes verb", "Zaparo": "Subject precedes verb", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Subject follows verb", "Zoque (Ostuacan)": "Subject follows verb", "Popoluca (Sierra)": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Zulu": "Subject precedes verb", "Zuni": "Subject precedes verb", "Zapotec (Yatzachi)": "Subject follows verb", "Zapotec (Zoogocho)": "Subject follows verb" }
83A
Order of Object and Verb
Word Order
What is the order of object and verb in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Object precedes verb; Object follows verb; Both orders with neither order dominant
{ "Arapesh (Abu)": "Object follows verb", "Aari": "Object precedes verb", "Abau": "Object precedes verb", "Abipón": "Object follows verb", "Abkhaz": "Object precedes verb", "Arabana": "Object precedes verb", "Arbore": "Object precedes verb", "Abun": "Object follows verb", "Abui": "Object precedes verb", "Acehnese": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Achagua": "Object follows verb", "Acholi": "Object follows verb", "Achumawi": "Object follows verb", "Achang": "Object precedes verb", "Acoma": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Achuar": "Object precedes verb", "Adang": "Object precedes verb", "Adioukrou": "Object follows verb", "Adynyamathanha": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Adyghe (Abzakh)": "Object precedes verb", "Adzera": "Object follows verb", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Object follows verb", "Agarabi": "Object precedes verb", "Leggbó": "Object follows verb", "Agta (Central)": "Object follows verb", "Agta (Dupaningan)": "Object follows verb", "Aghem": "Object follows verb", "Angami": "Object precedes verb", "Anguthimri": "Object precedes verb", "Ainu": "Object precedes verb", "Aja": "Object follows verb", "Ajagbe": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Akha": "Object precedes verb", "Akan": "Object follows verb", "Alamblak": "Object precedes verb", "Albanian": "Object follows verb", "Aleut": "Object precedes verb", "Arop-Lokep": "Object follows verb", "Alune": "Object follows verb", "Alsea": "Object follows verb", "Alawa": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Alyawarra": "Object precedes verb", "Amara": "Object follows verb", "Ambulas": "Object precedes verb", "Amahuaca": "Object precedes verb", "Amele": "Object precedes verb", "Amharic": "Object precedes verb", "Amis": "Object follows verb", "Ambae (Lolovoli Northeast)": "Object follows verb", "Amanab": "Object precedes verb", "Amo": "Object follows verb", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "Object precedes verb", "Ambai": "Object follows verb", "Arabic (Moroccan)": "Object follows verb", "Arabic (Modern Standard)": "Object follows verb", "Amdo (Themchen)": "Object precedes verb", "Anamuxra": "Object precedes verb", "Araona": "Object precedes verb", "Angas": "Object follows verb", "Anêm": "Object follows verb", "Anggor": "Object precedes verb", "//Ani": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Anejom": "Object follows verb", "Anindilyakwa": "Object follows verb", "Anong": "Object precedes verb", "Anufo": "Object follows verb", "Anywa": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Ao": "Object precedes verb", "Mufian": "Object follows verb", "Apinayé": "Object precedes verb", "Apalaí": "Object precedes verb", "Apatani": "Object precedes verb", "Apurinã": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Apache (Western)": "Object precedes verb", "Lokono": "Object follows verb", "Archi": "Object precedes verb", "Arabic (Gulf)": "Object follows verb", "Aribwatsa": "Object follows verb", "Arabic (Kuwaiti)": "Object follows verb", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Arosi": "Object follows verb", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Object follows verb", "Arabic (Iraqi)": "Object follows verb", "Armenian (Western)": "Object precedes verb", "Asmat": "Object precedes verb", "Assamese": "Object precedes verb", "Asuriní": "Object precedes verb", "Arabic (Syrian)": "Object follows verb", "Atayal": "Object follows verb", "Athpare": "Object precedes verb", "Atakapa": "Object precedes verb", "Atacameño": "Object precedes verb", "Au": "Object follows verb", "Avar": "Object precedes verb", "Avikam": "Object follows verb", "Avokaya": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Awa": "Object precedes verb", "Aekyom": "Object precedes verb", "Awa Pit": "Object precedes verb", "Awtuw": "Object precedes verb", "Awyi": "Object precedes verb", "Anyi": "Object follows verb", "Aymara (Central)": "Object precedes verb", "Ayomán": "Object follows verb", "Ayoreo": "Object follows verb", "Ayiwo": "Object follows verb", "Azerbaijani": "Object precedes verb", "Azari (Iranian)": "Object precedes verb", "Barai": "Object precedes verb", "Babungo": "Object follows verb", "Bachamal": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Baré": "Object follows verb", "Bafut": "Object follows verb", "Bagirmi": "Object follows verb", "Bai": "Object follows verb", "Bajau (Sama)": "Object follows verb", "Baka (in Cameroon)": "Object follows verb", "Bambara": "Object precedes verb", "Bao'an": "Object precedes verb", "Baure": "Object follows verb", "Bari": "Object follows verb", "Basaá": "Object follows verb", "Bawm": "Object precedes verb", "Babole": "Object follows verb", "Barambu": "Object follows verb", "Bininj Gun-Wok": "Object precedes verb", "Berber (Chaouia)": "Object follows verb", "Bella Coola": "Object follows verb", "Badimaya": "Object precedes verb", "Budu": "Object follows verb", "Baham": "Object precedes verb", "Beja": "Object precedes verb", "Belhare": "Object precedes verb", "Bengali": "Object precedes verb", "Berta": "Object follows verb", "Berber (Figuig)": "Object follows verb", "Bangime": "Object precedes verb", "Bugun": "Object precedes verb", "Bongo": "Object follows verb", "Bagiro": "Object follows verb", "Baga Sitemu": "Object follows verb", "Banggi": "Object follows verb", "Bhojpuri": "Object precedes verb", "Bhumij": "Object precedes verb", "Bidiya": "Object follows verb", "Binga": "Object follows verb", "Biri": "Object follows verb", "Biak": "Object follows verb", "Bilua": "Object follows verb", "Binandere": "Object precedes verb", "Nai": "Object precedes verb", "Birom": "Object follows verb", "Bisu": "Object precedes verb", "Baka (in South Sudan)": "Object follows verb", "Betta Kurumba": "Object precedes verb", "Bikol": "Object follows verb", "Batak (Karo)": "Object follows verb", "Brokskat": "Object precedes verb", "Bakueri": "Object follows verb", "Blackfoot": "Object follows verb", "Baoulé": "Object follows verb", "Balangao": "Object follows verb", "Bilin": "Object precedes verb", "Belorussian": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Balti": "Object precedes verb", "Bena-Lulua": "Object follows verb", "Biloxi": "Object precedes verb", "Balanta": "Object follows verb", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Object follows verb", "Bimoba": "Object follows verb", "Bunuba": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Bini": "Object follows verb", "Bandjalang": "Object precedes verb", "Bankon": "Object follows verb", "Banoni": "Object follows verb", "Bularnu": "Object precedes verb", "Boazi (Kuni)": "Object precedes verb", "Bobangi": "Object follows verb", "Bodo": "Object precedes verb", "Bori": "Object precedes verb", "Boko": "Object precedes verb", "Bolia": "Object follows verb", "Bongu": "Object precedes verb", "Bokar": "Object precedes verb", "Brao": "Object follows verb", "Breton": "Object follows verb", "Berber (Rif)": "Object follows verb", "Bribri": "Object precedes verb", "Baragaunle": "Object precedes verb", "Burmese": "Object precedes verb", "Burunge": "Object follows verb", "Barupu": "Object precedes verb", "Bera": "Object follows verb", "Bororo": "Object follows verb", "Barasano": "Object precedes verb", "Baruya": "Object precedes verb", "Berber (Ayt Seghrouchen Middle Atlas)": "Object follows verb", "Bushoong": "Object follows verb", "Bashkir": "Object precedes verb", "Basque": "Object precedes verb", "Basari": "Object precedes verb", "Betoi": "Object precedes verb", "Bontok": "Object follows verb", "Batak (Toba)": "Object follows verb", "Burarra": "Object precedes verb", "Bubi": "Object follows verb", "Buduma": "Object follows verb", "Bugis": "Object follows verb", "Bulgarian": "Object follows verb", "Buma": "Object follows verb", "Buin": "Object precedes verb", "Burushaski": "Object precedes verb", "Busa": "Object precedes verb", "Buriat": "Object precedes verb", "Buru": "Object follows verb", "Buli (in Ghana)": "Object follows verb", "Bali-Vitu": "Object follows verb", "Bajau (West Coast)": "Object follows verb", "Byansi": "Object precedes verb", "Bauzi": "Object precedes verb", "Cahuilla": "Object precedes verb", "Chai": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Cakchiquel": "Object follows verb", "Camsá": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Candoshi": "Object precedes verb", "Carib": "Object precedes verb", "Cashibo": "Object precedes verb", "Cavineña": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Campa (Axininca)": "Object follows verb", "Cayapa": "Object precedes verb", "Chumash (Barbareño)": "Object follows verb", "Chácobo": "Object precedes verb", "Chinantec (Comaltepec)": "Object follows verb", "Choctaw": "Object precedes verb", "Carib (De'kwana)": "Object precedes verb", "Cree (Swampy)": "Object follows verb", "Cebuano": "Object follows verb", "Cèmuhî": "Object follows verb", "Chaga": "Object follows verb", "Chamorro": "Object follows verb", "Chambri": "Object precedes verb", "Chechen": "Object precedes verb", "Chaudangsi": "Object precedes verb", "Cherokee": "Object precedes verb", "Chang": "Object precedes verb", "Chaha": "Object precedes verb", "Chimariko": "Object precedes verb", "Chuj": "Object follows verb", "Chukchi": "Object precedes verb", "Chantyal": "Object precedes verb", "Chipewyan": "Object precedes verb", "Chinantec (Quiotepec)": "Object follows verb", "Chrau": "Object follows verb", "Chin (Siyin)": "Object precedes verb", "Chuvash": "Object precedes verb", "Cham (Western)": "Object follows verb", "Chontal (Huamelultec Oaxaca)": "Object follows verb", "Chichewa": "Object follows verb", "Chinook (Lower)": "Object follows verb", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Object follows verb", "Cholón": "Object precedes verb", "Cham (Eastern)": "Object follows verb", "Chemehuevi": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Camling": "Object precedes verb", "Comanche": "Object precedes verb", "Chin (Mara)": "Object precedes verb", "Comox": "Object follows verb", "Chontal Maya": "Object follows verb", "Canela": "Object precedes verb", "Cantonese": "Object follows verb", "Coahuilteco": "Object precedes verb", "Cocama": "Object follows verb", "Coeur d'Alene": "Object follows verb", "Coos (Hanis)": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Coptic": "Object follows verb", "Cora": "Object follows verb", "Rumsien": "Object follows verb", "Chinantec (Palantla)": "Object follows verb", "Chepang": "Object precedes verb", "Chipaya": "Object precedes verb", "Chiquitano": "Object follows verb", "Cree (Plains)": "Object follows verb", "Cornish": "Object follows verb", "Crow": "Object precedes verb", "Chatino (Sierra Occidental)": "Object follows verb", "Chin (Tiddim)": "Object precedes verb", "Catalan": "Object follows verb", "Chitimacha": "Object precedes verb", "Catawba": "Object precedes verb", "Cua": "Object follows verb", "Cubeo": "Object precedes verb", "Cuica": "Object follows verb", "Cuiba": "Object precedes verb", "Cupeño": "Object precedes verb", "Chatino (Yaitepec)": "Object follows verb", "Cayuvava": "Object follows verb", "Czech": "Object follows verb", "Daga": "Object precedes verb", "Damana": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Dan": "Object precedes verb", "Dâw": "Object precedes verb", "Day": "Object follows verb", "Dadjriwalé": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Donno So": "Object precedes verb", "Degema": "Object follows verb", "Dla (Proper)": "Object precedes verb", "Desano": "Object precedes verb", "Deuri": "Object precedes verb", "Dagaare": "Object follows verb", "Dagbani": "Object follows verb", "Dongo": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Dagur": "Object precedes verb", "Dhaasanac": "Object precedes verb", "Dharumbal": "Object precedes verb", "Dhimal": "Object precedes verb", "Dhargari": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Didinga": "Object follows verb", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "Object precedes verb", "Digaro": "Object precedes verb", "Dime": "Object precedes verb", "Dinka": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Diola-Fogny": "Object follows verb", "Diyari": "Object precedes verb", "Djabugay": "Object precedes verb", "Djingili": "Object precedes verb", "Djambarrpuyngu": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Djinang": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Djapu": "Object precedes verb", "Djaru": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Dla (Menggwa)": "Object precedes verb", "Duma": "Object follows verb", "Dumi": "Object precedes verb", "Domaaki": "Object precedes verb", "Dimasa": "Object precedes verb", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Object precedes verb", "Bwele": "Object follows verb", "Domari": "Object follows verb", "Dong (Southern)": "Object follows verb", "Doyayo": "Object follows verb", "Drehu": "Object follows verb", "Dargwa": "Object precedes verb", "Darma": "Object precedes verb", "Danish": "Object follows verb", "Duala": "Object follows verb", "Duka": "Object follows verb", "Dulong": "Object precedes verb", "Dumo": "Object precedes verb", "Duna": "Object precedes verb", "Dutch": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Dyirbal": "Object precedes verb", "Ebira": "Object follows verb", "Edolo": "Object precedes verb", "Ega": "Object follows verb", "Engenni": "Object follows verb", "Eipo": "Object precedes verb", "Ekari": "Object precedes verb", "Ekoti": "Object follows verb", "Emberá (Northern)": "Object precedes verb", "Émérillon": "Object precedes verb", "Emmi": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Enets": "Object precedes verb", "English": "Object follows verb", "Enggano": "Object follows verb", "Epena Pedee": "Object precedes verb", "Efate (South)": "Object follows verb", "Erromangan": "Object follows verb", "Ese Ejja": "Object precedes verb", "Esmeraldeño": "Object follows verb", "Estonian": "Object follows verb", "Eudeve": "Object precedes verb", "Evenki": "Object precedes verb", "Even": "Object precedes verb", "Ewe": "Object follows verb", "Ewondo": "Object follows verb", "Fasu": "Object precedes verb", "Fijian": "Object follows verb", "Finnish": "Object follows verb", "Foe": "Object precedes verb", "Fongbe": "Object follows verb", "Fore": "Object precedes verb", "Momu": "Object precedes verb", "French": "Object follows verb", "Frisian": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Fulfulde (Adamawa)": "Object follows verb", "Fulniô": "Object precedes verb", "Fur": "Object precedes verb", "Futuna-Aniwa": "Object follows verb", "Fyem": "Object follows verb", "Gã": "Object follows verb", "Gaelic (Scots)": "Object follows verb", "Gahuku": "Object precedes verb", "Galo": "Object precedes verb", "Gamo": "Object precedes verb", "Great Andamanese": "Object precedes verb", "Gapapaiwa": "Object precedes verb", "Garo": "Object precedes verb", "Gavião": "Object precedes verb", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "Object follows verb", "Gbaya (Southwest)": "Object follows verb", "Gadsup": "Object precedes verb", "Gela": "Object follows verb", "Georgian": "Object precedes verb", "German": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Gureng Gureng": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Guahibo": "Object precedes verb", "Bunan": "Object precedes verb", "Gidabal": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Gimira": "Object precedes verb", "Gula Iro": "Object follows verb", "Gitksan": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Giziga": "Object follows verb", "Guajajara": "Object follows verb", "Gelao": "Object follows verb", "Golin": "Object precedes verb", "Gumawana": "Object precedes verb", "Gumuz": "Object follows verb", "Gunbalang": "Object follows verb", "Ga'anda": "Object follows verb", "Gunin": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Goajiro": "Object follows verb", "Godoberi": "Object precedes verb", "Goemai": "Object follows verb", "Gogodala": "Object precedes verb", "Gokana": "Object follows verb", "Gondi": "Object precedes verb", "Gooniyandi": "Object precedes verb", "Grebo": "Object follows verb", "Garífuna": "Object follows verb", "Gurr-goni": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Guarijío": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Greek (Modern)": "Object follows verb", "Garrwa": "Object follows verb", "Greenlandic (West)": "Object precedes verb", "Guató": "Object follows verb", "Guaraní": "Object follows verb", "Gude": "Object follows verb", "Gugada": "Object precedes verb", "Guhu-Samane": "Object precedes verb", "Gujarati": "Object precedes verb", "Gula (in Central African Republic)": "Object follows verb", "Gumbaynggir": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Gurung": "Object precedes verb", "Guugu Yimidhirr": "Object precedes verb", "Gungbe": "Object follows verb", "Gwari": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Gworok": "Object follows verb", "Gyarong (Cogtse)": "Object precedes verb", "Haida": "Object precedes verb", "Hakka": "Object follows verb", "Halia": "Object follows verb", "Hamtai": "Object precedes verb", "Hani": "Object precedes verb", "Haruai": "Object precedes verb", "Hatam": "Object follows verb", "Hausa": "Object follows verb", "Hawaiian": "Object follows verb", "Hayu": "Object precedes verb", "Hdi": "Object follows verb", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Object follows verb", "Hehe": "Object follows verb", "Heiltsuk": "Object follows verb", "Hemba": "Object follows verb", "Hanga Hundi": "Object precedes verb", "Hidatsa": "Object precedes verb", "Hiligaynon": "Object follows verb", "Hindi": "Object precedes verb", "Hixkaryana": "Object precedes verb", "Hualapai": "Object precedes verb", "Halkomelem (Upriver)": "Object follows verb", "Hmar": "Object precedes verb", "Huitoto (Minica)": "Object precedes verb", "Hmong Njua": "Object follows verb", "Mina": "Object follows verb", "Hunde": "Object follows verb", "Ho": "Object precedes verb", "Hoava": "Object follows verb", "Holoholo": "Object follows verb", "Hopi": "Object precedes verb", "Hup": "Object precedes verb", "Huastec": "Object follows verb", "Hua": "Object precedes verb", "=|Hoan": "Object follows verb", "Huichol": "Object precedes verb", "Huitoto (Murui)": "Object precedes verb", "Hungarian": "Object follows verb", "Hupa": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "Object follows verb", "Haya": "Object follows verb", "Hunzib": "Object precedes verb", "Iaai": "Object follows verb", "Iatmul": "Object precedes verb", "Iau": "Object precedes verb", "Iban": "Object follows verb", "Icelandic": "Object follows verb", "Iduna": "Object precedes verb", "Idoma": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Idu": "Object precedes verb", "Ifumu": "Object follows verb", "Ifugao (Batad)": "Object follows verb", "Igbo": "Object follows verb", "Igede": "Object follows verb", "Ignaciano": "Object follows verb", "Ingessana": "Object follows verb", "Iha": "Object precedes verb", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "Object precedes verb", "Ik": "Object follows verb", "Ika": "Object precedes verb", "Ila": "Object follows verb", "Ilocano": "Object follows verb", "Imonda": "Object precedes verb", "Inanwatan": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Indonesian": "Object follows verb", "Innamincka": "Object precedes verb", "Iquito": "Object follows verb", "Irish": "Object follows verb", "Iraqw": "Object precedes verb", "Irarutu": "Object follows verb", "Iranxe": "Object precedes verb", "I'saka": "Object precedes verb", "Isirawa": "Object precedes verb", "Italian": "Object follows verb", "Itelmen": "Object precedes verb", "Itonama": "Object follows verb", "Iwaidja": "Object follows verb", "Iwam": "Object precedes verb", "Ixil": "Object follows verb", "Izi": "Object follows verb", "Jabêm": "Object follows verb", "Jad": "Object precedes verb", "Jakaltek": "Object follows verb", "Jaminjung": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Izere": "Object follows verb", "Jabutí": "Object precedes verb", "Jebero": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Jino": "Object precedes verb", "Jivaro": "Object precedes verb", "Jur Mödö": "Object follows verb", "Jamsay": "Object precedes verb", "Jingpho": "Object precedes verb", "Johari": "Object precedes verb", "Japanese": "Object precedes verb", "Jarawa (in Andamans)": "Object precedes verb", "Jugli": "Object precedes verb", "Ju|'hoan": "Object follows verb", "Jukun": "Object follows verb", "Karajá": "Object precedes verb", "Jarawara": "Object precedes verb", "Karó (Arára)": "Object precedes verb", "Kabardian": "Object precedes verb", "Kachari": "Object precedes verb", "Kadugli": "Object follows verb", "Kaki Ae": "Object precedes verb", "Kambera": "Object follows verb", "Kana": "Object follows verb", "Kara (in Central African Republic)": "Object follows verb", "Kashmiri": "Object follows verb", "Kaulong": "Object follows verb", "Kayardild": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Kamba": "Object follows verb", "Kabyle": "Object follows verb", "Kambot": "Object precedes verb", "Kabatei": "Object precedes verb", "Kanembu": "Object precedes verb", "Karen (Bwe)": "Object follows verb", "Kabiyé": "Object follows verb", "Koyra Chiini": "Object follows verb", "Kadiwéu": "Object follows verb", "Kadazan": "Object follows verb", "Kele": "Object follows verb", "Kemant": "Object precedes verb", "Kenga": "Object follows verb", "Kera": "Object follows verb", "Ket": "Object precedes verb", "Kewa": "Object precedes verb", "Koromfe": "Object follows verb", "Kinga": "Object follows verb", "Kagulu": "Object follows verb", "Kalkatungu": "Object precedes verb", "Kyirong": "Object precedes verb", "Khalkha": "Object precedes verb", "Kham (Dege)": "Object precedes verb", "Khaling": "Object precedes verb", "Khalaj": "Object precedes verb", "Khmer": "Object follows verb", "Khün": "Object follows verb", "Nama": "Object precedes verb", "Kharia": "Object precedes verb", "Khasi": "Object follows verb", "Khowar": "Object precedes verb", "Kire": "Object precedes verb", "Kikuyu": "Object follows verb", "Kiluba": "Object follows verb", "Kimaghama": "Object precedes verb", "Kinyarwanda": "Object follows verb", "Kiowa": "Object precedes verb", "Kirma": "Object follows verb", "Kisi": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Kiwai (Southern)": "Object precedes verb", "Koreguaje": "Object follows verb", "Karakalpak": "Object precedes verb", "Kuikúro": "Object precedes verb", "Kokota": "Object follows verb", "Korku": "Object precedes verb", "Lusi": "Object follows verb", "Karankawa": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Klao": "Object follows verb", "Kulung": "Object precedes verb", "Kaluli": "Object precedes verb", "Klamath": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Kalam": "Object precedes verb", "Koluri": "Object precedes verb", "Kalispel": "Object follows verb", "Kilivila": "Object follows verb", "Kiliwa": "Object precedes verb", "Kamaiurá": "Object precedes verb", "Kombai": "Object precedes verb", "Kham": "Object precedes verb", "Karimojong": "Object follows verb", "Kalmyk": "Object precedes verb", "Kuman": "Object precedes verb", "Koiali (Mountain)": "Object precedes verb", "Kunimaipa": "Object precedes verb", "Kamoro": "Object precedes verb", "Kamass": "Object precedes verb", "Khmu'": "Object follows verb", "Kamu": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Kamasau": "Object precedes verb", "Kanum (Bädi)": "Object precedes verb", "Kugu Nganhcara": "Object precedes verb", "Kannada": "Object precedes verb", "Kaingang": "Object precedes verb", "Konni": "Object follows verb", "Kanakuru": "Object follows verb", "Kunama": "Object precedes verb", "Kinnauri": "Object precedes verb", "Kanoê": "Object precedes verb", "Kanuri": "Object precedes verb", "Konkow": "Object precedes verb", "Kham (Tibetan) (Nangchen)": "Object precedes verb", "Koasati": "Object precedes verb", "Kobon": "Object precedes verb", "Koegu": "Object follows verb", "Kokborok": "Object precedes verb", "Kolami": "Object precedes verb", "Komo": "Object follows verb", "Kongo": "Object follows verb", "Komi-Permyak": "Object precedes verb", "Korean": "Object precedes verb", "Kosraean": "Object follows verb", "Koya": "Object precedes verb", "Kapampangan": "Object follows verb", "Karen (Pwo)": "Object follows verb", "Krenak": "Object precedes verb", "Kiribati": "Object follows verb", "Karachay-Balkar": "Object precedes verb", "Kurdish (Central)": "Object precedes verb", "Kresh": "Object follows verb", "Krahô": "Object precedes verb", "Kipea": "Object follows verb", "Karok": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Korana": "Object precedes verb", "Krongo": "Object follows verb", "Kairiru": "Object precedes verb", "Korowai": "Object precedes verb", "Koryak": "Object precedes verb", "Kryz": "Object precedes verb", "Keresan (Santa Ana)": "Object precedes verb", "Koyraboro Senni": "Object precedes verb", "Karen (Sgaw)": "Object follows verb", "Kasem": "Object follows verb", "Kasong": "Object follows verb", "Koita": "Object precedes verb", "Katcha": "Object follows verb", "Kete": "Object follows verb", "Kati (in West Papua, Indonesia)": "Object precedes verb", "Katla": "Object follows verb", "Khanty": "Object precedes verb", "Kumauni": "Object precedes verb", "Kuna": "Object precedes verb", "Kuot": "Object follows verb", "Kusunda": "Object precedes verb", "Kutenai": "Object follows verb", "Kuuku Ya'u": "Object precedes verb", "Kuvi": "Object precedes verb", "Kwaio": "Object follows verb", "Kwerba": "Object precedes verb", "Kwakw'ala": "Object follows verb", "Kwangali": "Object follows verb", "Kwoma": "Object precedes verb", "Kawaiisu": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Kwomtari": "Object precedes verb", "Iwoyo": "Object follows verb", "Kwaza": "Object precedes verb", "Kxoe": "Object precedes verb", "Kuku-Yalanji": "Object precedes verb", "Kyaka": "Object precedes verb", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "Object follows verb", "Koyukon": "Object precedes verb", "Kayapó": "Object precedes verb", "Kyuquot": "Object follows verb", "Karkar-Yuri": "Object precedes verb", "Kayabí": "Object precedes verb", "Komi-Zyrian": "Object follows verb", "Laal": "Object follows verb", "Labu": "Object follows verb", "Lacandón": "Object follows verb", "Ladakhi": "Object precedes verb", "Lafofa": "Object precedes verb", "Lagwan": "Object follows verb", "Lahu": "Object precedes verb", "Lai": "Object precedes verb", "Lak": "Object precedes verb", "Lalo": "Object precedes verb", "Lango": "Object follows verb", "Lao": "Object follows verb", "Laragia": "Object precedes verb", "Latvian": "Object follows verb", "Lavukaleve": "Object precedes verb", "Lunda": "Object follows verb", "Londo": "Object follows verb", "Lendu": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Lebeo": "Object follows verb", "Leko": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Lega": "Object follows verb", "Lele": "Object follows verb", "Lenakel": "Object follows verb", "Lepcha": "Object precedes verb", "Lese": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Leti": "Object follows verb", "Lewo": "Object follows verb", "Lezgian": "Object precedes verb", "Langi": "Object follows verb", "Logoti": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Longgu": "Object follows verb", "Lhomi": "Object precedes verb", "Hlai (Baoding)": "Object follows verb", "Lillooet": "Object follows verb", "Limbu": "Object precedes verb", "Lingala": "Object follows verb", "Lisu": "Object precedes verb", "Lithuanian": "Object follows verb", "Lakhota": "Object precedes verb", "Lelemi": "Object follows verb", "Lamang": "Object follows verb", "Lamaholot": "Object follows verb", "Limilngan": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Lamani": "Object precedes verb", "Lampung": "Object follows verb", "Lamen": "Object follows verb", "Linda": "Object follows verb", "Loniu": "Object follows verb", "Lotha": "Object precedes verb", "Lou": "Object follows verb", "Lucazi": "Object follows verb", "Lugbara": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Luiseño": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Lungchang": "Object precedes verb", "Luo": "Object follows verb", "Luvale": "Object follows verb", "Ma": "Object follows verb", "Maasai": "Object follows verb", "Maba": "Object precedes verb", "Macushi": "Object precedes verb", "Ma'di": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Mae": "Object follows verb", "Magar": "Object precedes verb", "Maithili": "Object precedes verb", "Majang": "Object follows verb", "Makah": "Object follows verb", "Malagasy": "Object follows verb", "Mam": "Object follows verb", "Mano": "Object precedes verb", "Maori": "Object follows verb", "Mapudungun": "Object follows verb", "Maricopa": "Object precedes verb", "Masa": "Object follows verb", "Maung": "Object follows verb", "Maninka (Western)": "Object precedes verb", "Maxakalí": "Object precedes verb", "Maybrat": "Object follows verb", "Mba": "Object follows verb", "Mbere": "Object follows verb", "Mbili": "Object follows verb", "Mbole": "Object follows verb", "Mbum": "Object follows verb", "Monumbo": "Object precedes verb", "Mbara": "Object follows verb", "Mangbetu": "Object follows verb", "Mbay": "Object follows verb", "Macedonian": "Object follows verb", "Machiguenga": "Object follows verb", "Mocoví": "Object follows verb", "Mada (in Cameroon)": "Object follows verb", "Mende": "Object precedes verb", "Mundang": "Object follows verb", "Matngele": "Object precedes verb", "Madimadi": "Object follows verb", "Mandan": "Object precedes verb", "Mbodomo": "Object follows verb", "Manadonese": "Object follows verb", "Mbosi": "Object follows verb", "Meyah": "Object follows verb", "Me'en": "Object follows verb", "Mehri": "Object follows verb", "Meithei": "Object precedes verb", "Mekens": "Object precedes verb", "Manem": "Object precedes verb", "Menomini": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Meryam Mir": "Object precedes verb", "Menya": "Object precedes verb", "Mondunga": "Object follows verb", "Mangghuer": "Object precedes verb", "Magahi": "Object precedes verb", "Magi": "Object precedes verb", "Mungaka": "Object follows verb", "Mongo": "Object follows verb", "Musgu": "Object follows verb", "Marathi": "Object precedes verb", "Mbalanhu": "Object follows verb", "Mien": "Object follows verb", "Miisiirii": "Object precedes verb", "Miju": "Object precedes verb", "Mikir": "Object precedes verb", "Milang": "Object precedes verb", "Minangkabau": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Miskito": "Object precedes verb", "Miya": "Object follows verb", "Mizo": "Object precedes verb", "Mauka": "Object precedes verb", "Makonde": "Object follows verb", "Mekeo": "Object precedes verb", "Mandinka (Gambian)": "Object precedes verb", "Mongol (Khamnigan)": "Object precedes verb", "Mikasuki": "Object precedes verb", "Makasae": "Object precedes verb", "Maklew": "Object precedes verb", "Mankon": "Object follows verb", "Maranungku": "Object precedes verb", "Makaa": "Object follows verb", "Mambila": "Object follows verb", "Malgwa": "Object follows verb", "Malakmalak": "Object precedes verb", "Mlabri (Minor)": "Object follows verb", "Maleu": "Object follows verb", "Mangap-Mbula": "Object follows verb", "Mari (Meadow)": "Object precedes verb", "Mamanwa": "Object follows verb", "Mamvu": "Object follows verb", "Muna": "Object follows verb", "Manchu": "Object precedes verb", "Mandarin": "Object follows verb", "Maidu (Northeast)": "Object precedes verb", "Manggarai": "Object follows verb", "Moni": "Object precedes verb", "Manam": "Object precedes verb", "Mono (in United States)": "Object precedes verb", "Mansi": "Object precedes verb", "Minaveha": "Object precedes verb", "Margany": "Object precedes verb", "Mono-Alu": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Mordvin (Erzya)": "Object follows verb", "Mofu-Gudur": "Object follows verb", "Moghol": "Object precedes verb", "Mohawk": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Mokilese": "Object follows verb", "Mombum": "Object precedes verb", "Mon": "Object follows verb", "Mooré": "Object follows verb", "Mor": "Object follows verb", "Mosetén": "Object follows verb", "Motuna": "Object precedes verb", "Moru": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Movima": "Object follows verb", "Murrinh-Patha": "Object precedes verb", "Mpongwe": "Object follows verb", "Maipure": "Object follows verb", "Mian": "Object precedes verb", "Mpur": "Object follows verb", "Momuna": "Object precedes verb", "Mara": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Marchha": "Object precedes verb", "Marind": "Object precedes verb", "Margi": "Object follows verb", "Marrithiyel": "Object precedes verb", "Moraori": "Object precedes verb", "Murle": "Object follows verb", "Moro": "Object follows verb", "Marquesan": "Object follows verb", "Maringarr": "Object precedes verb", "Mairasi": "Object precedes verb", "Martuthunira": "Object follows verb", "Maru": "Object precedes verb", "Muruwari": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Muisca": "Object precedes verb", "Mising": "Object precedes verb", "Masakin": "Object follows verb", "Masalit": "Object precedes verb", "Musom": "Object follows verb", "Maisin": "Object precedes verb", "Musqueam": "Object follows verb", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Matuumbi": "Object follows verb", "Malto": "Object precedes verb", "Matis": "Object precedes verb", "Massachusett": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Motu": "Object precedes verb", "Makua": "Object follows verb", "Muinane": "Object precedes verb", "Mumuye": "Object follows verb", "Mundari": "Object precedes verb", "Mupun": "Object follows verb", "Mursi": "Object follows verb", "Mussau": "Object follows verb", "Mutsun": "Object follows verb", "Mundurukú": "Object precedes verb", "Manobo (Western Bukidnon)": "Object follows verb", "Mwera": "Object follows verb", "Mwotlap": "Object follows verb", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Object follows verb", "Ifira-Mele": "Object follows verb", "Mixtec (Jicaltepec)": "Object follows verb", "Mixtec (Ocotepec)": "Object follows verb", "Mixtec (Peñoles)": "Object follows verb", "Mixe (Ayutla)": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Mixtec (Yosondúa)": "Object follows verb", "Mayogo": "Object follows verb", "Mangarrayi": "Object precedes verb", "Malayalam": "Object precedes verb", "Ma'anyan": "Object follows verb", "Matsés": "Object precedes verb", "Mazatec (Chiquihuitlán)": "Object follows verb", "Mazatec (Huautla)": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Nabak": "Object precedes verb", "Nadëb": "Object precedes verb", "Nagatman": "Object precedes verb", "Neo-Aramaic (Arbel Jewish)": "Object precedes verb", "Nakanai": "Object follows verb", "Nalik": "Object follows verb", "Namia": "Object precedes verb", "Nandi": "Object follows verb", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "Object precedes verb", "Nasioi": "Object precedes verb", "Natchez": "Object precedes verb", "Nauruan": "Object follows verb", "Navajo": "Object precedes verb", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Object precedes verb", "Ngombe": "Object follows verb", "Ngbaka (Ma'bo)": "Object follows verb", "Ngäbere": "Object precedes verb", "Nicobarese (Car)": "Object follows verb", "Ncàm": "Object follows verb", "Ndebele": "Object follows verb", "Ngbandi": "Object follows verb", "Ndjébbana": "Object precedes verb", "Ndonga": "Object follows verb", "Nadroga": "Object follows verb", "Ndut": "Object follows verb", "Ndumu": "Object follows verb", "Ndyuka": "Object follows verb", "Nehan": "Object follows verb", "Nepali": "Object precedes verb", "Nevome": "Object precedes verb", "Newari (Kathmandu)": "Object precedes verb", "Neyo": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Nez Perce": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Nganasan": "Object precedes verb", "Ngad'a": "Object follows verb", "Ngan'gityemerri": "Object precedes verb", "Ngiyambaa": "Object precedes verb", "Ngadjumaja": "Object precedes verb", "Ngankikurungkurr": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Ngalakan": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Ngambay": "Object follows verb", "Ngandi": "Object precedes verb", "Ngoni": "Object follows verb", "Naga (Tangkhul)": "Object precedes verb", "Nguna": "Object follows verb", "Ngawun": "Object follows verb", "Ngizim": "Object follows verb", "Nhanda": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Nahuatl (Huasteca)": "Object follows verb", "Nahuatl (Michoacán)": "Object follows verb", "Nahuatl (North Puebla)": "Object follows verb", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Object follows verb", "Nias": "Object follows verb", "Niuafo'ou": "Object follows verb", "Nyishi": "Object precedes verb", "Niuean": "Object follows verb", "Nivkh": "Object precedes verb", "Ngalkbun": "Object precedes verb", "Nkem": "Object follows verb", "Nkonya": "Object follows verb", "Nkore-Kiga": "Object follows verb", "Nubian (Kunuz)": "Object precedes verb", "Naga (Mao)": "Object precedes verb", "Nambikuára (Southern)": "Object precedes verb", "Samo": "Object precedes verb", "Manange": "Object precedes verb", "Nancowry": "Object follows verb", "Nend": "Object precedes verb", "Nengone": "Object follows verb", "Nyanga": "Object follows verb", "Nankina": "Object precedes verb", "Nocte": "Object precedes verb", "Noghay": "Object precedes verb", "Noni": "Object follows verb", "Noon": "Object follows verb", "Norwegian": "Object follows verb", "Nar-Phu": "Object precedes verb", "Nsenga": "Object follows verb", "Nisgha": "Object follows verb", "Nisenan": "Object precedes verb", "Ngiti": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Ngaanyatjarra": "Object precedes verb", "Ntomba": "Object follows verb", "Nenets": "Object precedes verb", "Nuaulu": "Object follows verb", "Nuer": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Nunggubuyu": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "Object follows verb", "Nupe": "Object follows verb", "Nusu": "Object precedes verb", "Nuuchahnulth": "Object follows verb", "Newar (Dolakha)": "Object precedes verb", "Nyawaygi": "Object precedes verb", "Nyimang": "Object precedes verb", "Nyamkad": "Object precedes verb", "Nyamwezi": "Object follows verb", "Nyigina": "Object follows verb", "Nzakara": "Object follows verb", "Naga (Zeme)": "Object precedes verb", "Ogbronuagum": "Object follows verb", "Obolo": "Object follows verb", "Ocuilteco": "Object follows verb", "Oirat": "Object precedes verb", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "Object follows verb", "Oksapmin": "Object precedes verb", "Olo": "Object follows verb", "Omaha": "Object precedes verb", "Ömie": "Object precedes verb", "Oneida": "Object follows verb", "One": "Object follows verb", "Onge": "Object precedes verb", "O'odham": "Object follows verb", "Emai": "Object follows verb", "Ordos": "Object precedes verb", "Oromo (Harar)": "Object precedes verb", "Orig": "Object precedes verb", "Orok": "Object precedes verb", "Orokaiva": "Object precedes verb", "Oromo (Waata)": "Object precedes verb", "Orya": "Object precedes verb", "Osage": "Object precedes verb", "Ossetic": "Object precedes verb", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Object follows verb", "Otoro": "Object follows verb", "Owininga": "Object precedes verb", "Oriya": "Object precedes verb", "Pa'a": "Object follows verb", "Páez": "Object precedes verb", "Paiwan": "Object follows verb", "Palauan": "Object follows verb", "Pame": "Object follows verb", "Panjabi": "Object precedes verb", "Päri": "Object precedes verb", "Patep": "Object follows verb", "Paumarí": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Pawaian": "Object precedes verb", "Pima Bajo": "Object precedes verb", "Folopa": "Object precedes verb", "Pero": "Object follows verb", "Pilagá": "Object follows verb", "Piaroa": "Object precedes verb", "Pipil": "Object follows verb", "Piro": "Object precedes verb", "Pisa": "Object precedes verb", "Pitjantjatjara": "Object precedes verb", "Paakantyi": "Object follows verb", "Pokot": "Object follows verb", "Palaung": "Object follows verb", "Paulohi": "Object follows verb", "Palikur": "Object follows verb", "Pomo (Eastern)": "Object precedes verb", "Pomo (Northern)": "Object precedes verb", "Paamese": "Object follows verb", "Pangwa": "Object follows verb", "Pangasinan": "Object follows verb", "Paiute (Northern)": "Object precedes verb", "Bunu (Younuo)": "Object follows verb", "Panará": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Panyjima": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Podoko": "Object follows verb", "Pogoro": "Object follows verb", "Pohnpeian": "Object follows verb", "Poko-Rawo": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Polish": "Object follows verb", "Portuguese": "Object follows verb", "Pitta Pitta": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Prasuni": "Object precedes verb", "Pare": "Object follows verb", "Pirahã": "Object precedes verb", "Purki": "Object precedes verb", "Persian": "Object precedes verb", "Pashto": "Object precedes verb", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Object follows verb", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Object precedes verb", "Port Sandwich": "Object follows verb", "Pattani": "Object precedes verb", "Patwin": "Object precedes verb", "Puluwat": "Object follows verb", "Pungupungu": "Object precedes verb", "Purépecha": "Object follows verb", "Qafar": "Object precedes verb", "Qawasqar": "Object precedes verb", "Quechua (Huallaga)": "Object precedes verb", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Object precedes verb", "Quileute": "Object follows verb", "Sipakapense": "Object follows verb", "Raga": "Object follows verb", "Ralte": "Object precedes verb", "Rama": "Object precedes verb", "Rao": "Object precedes verb", "Rapanui": "Object follows verb", "Rashad": "Object precedes verb", "Rawang": "Object precedes verb", "Remo": "Object precedes verb", "Resígaro": "Object precedes verb", "Retuarã": "Object precedes verb", "Ronga": "Object follows verb", "rGyalrong (Caodeng)": "Object precedes verb", "Riantana": "Object precedes verb", "Rikbaktsa": "Object precedes verb", "Rimi": "Object follows verb", "Ritharngu": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Rembarnga": "Object precedes verb", "Runyankore": "Object follows verb", "Romanian": "Object follows verb", "Ron": "Object follows verb", "Rotuman": "Object follows verb", "Roviana": "Object follows verb", "Rang Pas": "Object precedes verb", "Runyoro-Rutooro": "Object follows verb", "Romansch (Sursilvan)": "Object follows verb", "Rukai (Tanan)": "Object follows verb", "Rumu": "Object precedes verb", "Runga": "Object precedes verb", "Russian": "Object follows verb", "Rutul": "Object precedes verb", "Rawa": "Object precedes verb", "Romani (Welsh)": "Object follows verb", "Shuri": "Object precedes verb", "Sahu": "Object follows verb", "Sakao": "Object follows verb", "Salinan": "Object follows verb", "Samoan": "Object follows verb", "Sango": "Object follows verb", "Sapuan": "Object follows verb", "Sare": "Object precedes verb", "Savi": "Object precedes verb", "Serbian-Croatian": "Object follows verb", "Sandawe": "Object precedes verb", "Southeast Ambrym": "Object follows verb", "Sebei": "Object follows verb", "Sedang": "Object follows verb", "Seediq": "Object follows verb", "Selknam": "Object precedes verb", "Sema": "Object precedes verb", "Seri": "Object precedes verb", "Sesotho": "Object follows verb", "Sougb": "Object follows verb", "Sengele": "Object follows verb", "Sangu": "Object follows verb", "Shan": "Object follows verb", "Shabo": "Object precedes verb", "Sherpa": "Object precedes verb", "Sharanahua": "Object precedes verb", "Shiriana": "Object precedes verb", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Object precedes verb", "Shilluk": "Object follows verb", "Shambala": "Object follows verb", "Shona": "Object follows verb", "Shoshone": "Object precedes verb", "Klikitat": "Object follows verb", "Shasta": "Object follows verb", "Shatt": "Object follows verb", "Shuswap": "Object follows verb", "Siane": "Object precedes verb", "Sidaama": "Object precedes verb", "Sila": "Object precedes verb", "Simeulue": "Object follows verb", "Siona": "Object precedes verb", "Sio": "Object follows verb", "Siar": "Object follows verb", "Sisiqa": "Object follows verb", "Siuslaw": "Object follows verb", "Sikkimese": "Object precedes verb", "Sukuma": "Object follows verb", "Skou": "Object precedes verb", "Selkup": "Object precedes verb", "Sikaritai": "Object precedes verb", "Suku": "Object follows verb", "Shekhawati": "Object precedes verb", "Slave": "Object precedes verb", "Saliba (in Papua New Guinea)": "Object precedes verb", "Samba Leko": "Object follows verb", "Sulung": "Object precedes verb", "Slovene": "Object follows verb", "Seme": "Object precedes verb", "Semelai": "Object follows verb", "Seminole": "Object precedes verb", "Shompen": "Object follows verb", "Shina": "Object precedes verb", "Seneca": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Sinaugoro": "Object precedes verb", "Sinhala": "Object precedes verb", "Sanuma": "Object precedes verb", "Soninke": "Object precedes verb", "Saami (Northern)": "Object follows verb", "Sentani": "Object precedes verb", "So": "Object follows verb", "Sobei": "Object follows verb", "Soddo": "Object precedes verb", "Somali": "Object precedes verb", "Sonsorol-Tobi": "Object follows verb", "Spanish": "Object follows verb", "Spitian": "Object precedes verb", "Squamish": "Object follows verb", "Sorbian": "Object precedes verb", "Sarcee": "Object precedes verb", "Sardinian": "Object follows verb", "Sre": "Object follows verb", "Sirionó": "Object precedes verb", "Siroi": "Object precedes verb", "Sisaala": "Object follows verb", "Santa": "Object precedes verb", "Stieng": "Object follows verb", "Santali": "Object precedes verb", "Sotho (Northern)": "Object follows verb", "Sudest": "Object follows verb", "Suena": "Object precedes verb", "Suki": "Object precedes verb", "Sulka": "Object follows verb", "Sundanese": "Object follows verb", "Supyire": "Object precedes verb", "Susu": "Object precedes verb", "Savosavo": "Object precedes verb", "Swahili": "Object follows verb", "Swedish": "Object follows verb", "Swati": "Object follows verb", "Salt-Yui": "Object precedes verb", "Taba": "Object follows verb", "Tacana": "Object precedes verb", "Taiof": "Object follows verb", "Tagalog": "Object follows verb", "Tahitian": "Object follows verb", "Tuareg (Air)": "Object follows verb", "Tajik": "Object precedes verb", "Takia": "Object precedes verb", "Talinga": "Object follows verb", "Tamang (Eastern)": "Object precedes verb", "Tangale": "Object follows verb", "Tarao": "Object precedes verb", "Tariana": "Object precedes verb", "Tashlhiyt": "Object follows verb", "Tatana'": "Object follows verb", "Tauya": "Object precedes verb", "Tawala": "Object precedes verb", "Tabare": "Object precedes verb", "Tabla": "Object precedes verb", "Tboli": "Object follows verb", "Tobati": "Object precedes verb", "Tubu": "Object precedes verb", "Tabwa": "Object follows verb", "Tarahumara (Central)": "Object precedes verb", "Tibetan (Dingri)": "Object precedes verb", "Tibetan (Drokpa)": "Object precedes verb", "Tepehua (Huehuetla)": "Object follows verb", "Telugu": "Object precedes verb", "Tennet": "Object follows verb", "Teop": "Object follows verb", "Tepehua (Tlachichilco)": "Object follows verb", "Tera": "Object follows verb", "Teso": "Object follows verb", "Tetela": "Object follows verb", "Tuareg (Ghat)": "Object follows verb", "Tigak": "Object follows verb", "Tshangla": "Object precedes verb", "Tugun": "Object follows verb", "Tigré": "Object precedes verb", "Thai": "Object follows verb", "Thakali": "Object precedes verb", "Thangmi": "Object precedes verb", "Thompson": "Object follows verb", "Thulung": "Object precedes verb", "Kuuk Thaayorre": "Object precedes verb", "Tima": "Object follows verb", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "Object precedes verb", "Ticuna": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Tidore": "Object follows verb", "Tigrinya": "Object precedes verb", "Tikar": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Timugon": "Object follows verb", "Tinrin": "Object follows verb", "Tiriyo": "Object precedes verb", "Tibetan (Shigatse)": "Object precedes verb", "Tiv": "Object follows verb", "Tiwi": "Object follows verb", "Tiipay (Jamul)": "Object precedes verb", "Tokelauan": "Object follows verb", "Tuki": "Object follows verb", "Takelma": "Object precedes verb", "Turkmen": "Object precedes verb", "Tolai": "Object follows verb", "Telefol": "Object precedes verb", "Tlingit": "Object precedes verb", "Tobelo": "Object precedes verb", "Tlapanec": "Object follows verb", "Talysh (Southern)": "Object precedes verb", "Tama": "Object precedes verb", "Timucua": "Object precedes verb", "Tamagario": "Object precedes verb", "Tamil": "Object precedes verb", "Tamabo": "Object follows verb", "Temein": "Object follows verb", "Tibetan (Modern Literary)": "Object precedes verb", "Temiar": "Object follows verb", "Turkana": "Object follows verb", "Tunebo": "Object precedes verb", "Tanacross": "Object precedes verb", "Temne": "Object follows verb", "Tongan": "Object follows verb", "Tinani": "Object precedes verb", "Tungak": "Object follows verb", "Tunen": "Object precedes verb", "Tondano": "Object follows verb", "Tenyer": "Object precedes verb", "Toba": "Object follows verb", "Tod": "Object precedes verb", "Tonkawa": "Object precedes verb", "Southern Toussian": "Object precedes verb", "Tonga (in Zambia)": "Object follows verb", "Tepehuan (Northern)": "Object follows verb", "Tupuri": "Object follows verb", "Tepehuan (Southeastern)": "Object follows verb", "Tapieté": "Object precedes verb", "Teribe": "Object precedes verb", "Trique (Copala)": "Object follows verb", "Tirmaga": "Object follows verb", "Tairora": "Object precedes verb", "Trumai": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Torwali": "Object precedes verb", "Tsafiki": "Object precedes verb", "Tausug": "Object follows verb", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "Object precedes verb", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Object follows verb", "Tamashek": "Object follows verb", "Taushiro": "Object follows verb", "Tsez": "Object precedes verb", "Tetun Dili": "Object follows verb", "Tutelo": "Object precedes verb", "Tetun": "Object follows verb", "Tsova-Tush": "Object precedes verb", "Tucano": "Object precedes verb", "Tukang Besi": "Object follows verb", "Tulu": "Object precedes verb", "Tumleo": "Object follows verb", "Tunica": "Object precedes verb", "Turkish": "Object precedes verb", "Tuscarora": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Tuvan": "Object precedes verb", "Tuyuca": "Object precedes verb", "Tuvaluan": "Object precedes verb", "Tatar": "Object precedes verb", "Tutsa": "Object precedes verb", "Tarahumara (Western)": "Object precedes verb", "Tiwa (Northern)": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Totonac (Xicotepec de Juárez)": "Object follows verb", "Tyeraity": "Object precedes verb", "Tzotzil": "Object follows verb", "Tzutujil": "Object follows verb", "Ubykh": "Object precedes verb", "Udihe": "Object precedes verb", "Udi": "Object precedes verb", "Udmurt": "Object precedes verb", "Uradhi": "Object precedes verb", "Ukrainian": "Object follows verb", "Uldeme": "Object follows verb", "Ulithian": "Object follows verb", "Una": "Object precedes verb", "Ungarinjin": "Object precedes verb", "Ura": "Object follows verb", "Urdu": "Object precedes verb", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Object precedes verb", "Urak Lawoi'": "Object follows verb", "Urarina": "Object precedes verb", "Urat": "Object follows verb", "Uru": "Object precedes verb", "Usan": "Object precedes verb", "Usarufa": "Object precedes verb", "Ute": "Object precedes verb", "Uyghur": "Object precedes verb", "Uzbek": "Object precedes verb", "Vafsi": "Object precedes verb", "Vai": "Object precedes verb", "Venda": "Object follows verb", "Vietnamese": "Object follows verb", "Vinmavis": "Object follows verb", "Wagiman": "Object precedes verb", "Wahgi": "Object precedes verb", "Wai Wai": "Object precedes verb", "Wakhi": "Object precedes verb", "Walman": "Object follows verb", "Wambaya": "Object follows verb", "Wangkumara": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Waorani": "Object precedes verb", "Wappo": "Object precedes verb", "Wari'": "Object follows verb", "Washo": "Object precedes verb", "Waunana": "Object precedes verb", "Wayampi": "Object precedes verb", "Wambon": "Object precedes verb", "Wichí": "Object follows verb", "Welsh (Colloquial)": "Object follows verb", "Wedau": "Object precedes verb", "Welsh": "Object follows verb", "Wembawemba": "Object follows verb", "Wichita": "Object precedes verb", "Wikchamni": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Wintu": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Wiyot": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Wolof": "Object follows verb", "Wolio": "Object follows verb", "Warluwara": "Object precedes verb", "Wolaytta": "Object precedes verb", "West Makian": "Object follows verb", "Wambule": "Object precedes verb", "Wik Munkan": "Object precedes verb", "Wik Ngathana": "Object precedes verb", "Wan": "Object precedes verb", "Woisika": "Object precedes verb", "Woleaian": "Object follows verb", "Womo": "Object precedes verb", "Warao": "Object precedes verb", "Warrnambool": "Object follows verb", "Wardaman": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Warrgamay": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Warekena": "Object follows verb", "Warlpiri": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Warembori": "Object follows verb", "Warndarang": "Object follows verb", "Warrwa": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Waray (in Australia)": "Object follows verb", "Waskia": "Object precedes verb", "Wathawurrung": "Object follows verb", "Watam": "Object precedes verb", "Waama": "Object follows verb", "Wyandot": "Object follows verb", "/Xam": "Object follows verb", "Xârâcùù": "Object follows verb", "Xasonga": "Object precedes verb", "Kombio": "Object follows verb", "Xerénte": "Object precedes verb", "Xhosa": "Object follows verb", "Kanashi": "Object precedes verb", "!Xóõ": "Object follows verb", "Yagua": "Object follows verb", "Yahgan": "Object precedes verb", "Yale (Kosarek)": "Object precedes verb", "Yaminahua": "Object precedes verb", "Yao (in Malawi)": "Object follows verb", "Yapese": "Object follows verb", "Yaqui": "Object precedes verb", "Yareba": "Object precedes verb", "Yay": "Object follows verb", "Yamphu": "Object precedes verb", "Yucuna": "Object follows verb", "Yei": "Object precedes verb", "Yelî Dnye": "Object precedes verb", "Yagaria": "Object precedes verb", "Nuosu": "Object precedes verb", "Yidiny": "Object precedes verb", "Yimas": "Object precedes verb", "Yindjibarndi": "Object follows verb", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Object precedes verb", "Yakut": "Object precedes verb", "Yelmek": "Object precedes verb", "Yingkarta": "Object follows verb", "Yokuts (Yaudanchi)": "Object follows verb", "Yoruba": "Object follows verb", "Yup'ik (Central)": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Yaqay": "Object precedes verb", "Yukaghir (Tundra)": "Object precedes verb", "Yuchi": "Object precedes verb", "Yukulta": "Object precedes verb", "Yulu": "Object follows verb", "Yurok": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Yupik (Siberian)": "Object precedes verb", "Yuwaalaraay": "Object precedes verb", "Yawelmani": "Object follows verb", "Yawuru": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Beria": "Object precedes verb", "Zapotec (Isthmus)": "Object follows verb", "Zande": "Object follows verb", "Zapotec (Mitla)": "Object follows verb", "Zarma": "Both orders with neither order dominant", "Zayse": "Object precedes verb", "Zazaki": "Object precedes verb", "Zoque (Chimalapa)": "Object follows verb", "Zhuang (Northern)": "Object follows verb", "Zimakani": "Object precedes verb", "Zaparo": "Object follows verb", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Object follows verb", "Zoque (Ostuacan)": "Object follows verb", "Popoluca (Sierra)": "Object follows verb", "Zulu": "Object follows verb", "Zuni": "Object precedes verb", "Zapotec (Yatzachi)": "Object follows verb", "Zapotec (Zoogocho)": "Object follows verb" }
84A
Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb
Word Order
What is the order of object, oblique and verb in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Verb-object-oblique; Oblique-verb-object; Oblique-object-verb; Object-oblique-verb; Object-verb-oblique; More than one order with none dominant
{ "Abipón": "Verb-object-oblique", "Abkhaz": "Oblique-object-verb", "Abun": "Verb-object-oblique", "Acehnese": "More than one order with none dominant", "Achumawi": "More than one order with none dominant", "Acoma": "More than one order with none dominant", "Adioukrou": "Verb-object-oblique", "Adynyamathanha": "More than one order with none dominant", "Adzera": "Verb-object-oblique", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Verb-object-oblique", "Anguthimri": "Object-oblique-verb", "Ajagbe": "More than one order with none dominant", "Alamblak": "More than one order with none dominant", "Alawa": "More than one order with none dominant", "Amara": "Verb-object-oblique", "Amele": "Oblique-object-verb", "Ambae (Lolovoli Northeast)": "Verb-object-oblique", "Amanab": "Oblique-object-verb", "Ambai": "Verb-object-oblique", "Arabic (Modern Standard)": "Verb-object-oblique", "Angas": "Verb-object-oblique", "Anggor": "Oblique-object-verb", "//Ani": "More than one order with none dominant", "Anejom": "Verb-object-oblique", "Anywa": "More than one order with none dominant", "Mufian": "Verb-object-oblique", "Apinayé": "Oblique-object-verb", "Apalaí": "Object-verb-oblique", "Apurinã": "More than one order with none dominant", "Apache (Western)": "Object-oblique-verb", "Lokono": "Verb-object-oblique", "Archi": "Oblique-object-verb", "Arabic (Gulf)": "Verb-object-oblique", "Armenian (Eastern)": "More than one order with none dominant", "Arosi": "Verb-object-oblique", "Armenian (Western)": "More than one order with none dominant", "Au": "Verb-object-oblique", "Avikam": "Verb-object-oblique", "Avokaya": "More than one order with none dominant", "Awa Pit": "Oblique-object-verb", "Awtuw": "More than one order with none dominant", "Anyi": "Verb-object-oblique", "Bachamal": "More than one order with none dominant", "Bagirmi": "Verb-object-oblique", "Bai": "More than one order with none dominant", "Baka (in Cameroon)": "Verb-object-oblique", "Bambara": "Object-verb-oblique", "Basaá": "Verb-object-oblique", "Bawm": "Object-oblique-verb", "Bininj Gun-Wok": "Object-verb-oblique", "Badimaya": "More than one order with none dominant", "Bengali": "Oblique-object-verb", "Berber (Figuig)": "Verb-object-oblique", "Bagiro": "Verb-object-oblique", "Bhojpuri": "Oblique-object-verb", "Biak": "Verb-object-oblique", "Birom": "Verb-object-oblique", "Batak (Karo)": "Verb-object-oblique", "Belorussian": "More than one order with none dominant", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Verb-object-oblique", "Bimoba": "Verb-object-oblique", "Bunuba": "More than one order with none dominant", "Bini": "Verb-object-oblique", "Bularnu": "More than one order with none dominant", "Berber (Rif)": "Verb-object-oblique", "Bribri": "Object-verb-oblique", "Burmese": "More than one order with none dominant", "Burunge": "More than one order with none dominant", "Barupu": "Object-verb-oblique", "Bororo": "More than one order with none dominant", "Barasano": "Object-oblique-verb", "Basque": "Oblique-object-verb", "Batak (Toba)": "Verb-object-oblique", "Buduma": "Verb-object-oblique", "Bulgarian": "Verb-object-oblique", "Busa": "Object-verb-oblique", "Buru": "Verb-object-oblique", "Bauzi": "Oblique-object-verb", "Chai": "More than one order with none dominant", "Camsá": "More than one order with none dominant", "Cavineña": "More than one order with none dominant", "Chinantec (Comaltepec)": "Verb-object-oblique", "Choctaw": "Oblique-object-verb", "Carib (De'kwana)": "Object-verb-oblique", "Cree (Swampy)": "More than one order with none dominant", "Cèmuhî": "Verb-object-oblique", "Cherokee": "More than one order with none dominant", "Chaha": "Oblique-object-verb", "Chrau": "More than one order with none dominant", "Chuvash": "Object-oblique-verb", "Chichewa": "Verb-object-oblique", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Verb-object-oblique", "Chemehuevi": "More than one order with none dominant", "Canela": "Oblique-object-verb", "Cantonese": "Oblique-verb-object", "Cocama": "More than one order with none dominant", "Coos (Hanis)": "More than one order with none dominant", "Coptic": "Verb-object-oblique", "Chinantec (Palantla)": "Verb-object-oblique", "Cree (Plains)": "More than one order with none dominant", "Chatino (Sierra Occidental)": "Verb-object-oblique", "Cua": "Verb-object-oblique", "Damana": "More than one order with none dominant", "Dadjriwalé": "More than one order with none dominant", "Dongo": "More than one order with none dominant", "Dhaasanac": "Object-oblique-verb", "Dhargari": "More than one order with none dominant", "Digaro": "Oblique-object-verb", "Dinka": "More than one order with none dominant", "Diyari": "Object-verb-oblique", "Djambarrpuyngu": "More than one order with none dominant", "Djinang": "More than one order with none dominant", "Djapu": "Object-verb-oblique", "Djaru": "More than one order with none dominant", "Darma": "Oblique-object-verb", "Danish": "Verb-object-oblique", "Duka": "Verb-object-oblique", "Dumo": "Object-verb-oblique", "Dutch": "More than one order with none dominant", "Dyirbal": "More than one order with none dominant", "Ega": "Verb-object-oblique", "Engenni": "Verb-object-oblique", "Émérillon": "More than one order with none dominant", "Emmi": "More than one order with none dominant", "Enets": "Oblique-object-verb", "English": "Verb-object-oblique", "Epena Pedee": "Object-verb-oblique", "Estonian": "Verb-object-oblique", "Fijian": "More than one order with none dominant", "Finnish": "Verb-object-oblique", "Foe": "Object-oblique-verb", "French": "Verb-object-oblique", "Frisian": "More than one order with none dominant", "Fulfulde (Adamawa)": "Verb-object-oblique", "Futuna-Aniwa": "Verb-object-oblique", "Gaelic (Scots)": "Verb-object-oblique", "Gapapaiwa": "More than one order with none dominant", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "Verb-object-oblique", "German": "More than one order with none dominant", "Gureng Gureng": "More than one order with none dominant", "Gidabal": "More than one order with none dominant", "Gitksan": "More than one order with none dominant", "Guajajara": "Verb-object-oblique", "Gumawana": "Object-verb-oblique", "Gunbalang": "Verb-object-oblique", "Gunin": "More than one order with none dominant", "Goajiro": "Verb-object-oblique", "Gooniyandi": "More than one order with none dominant", "Grebo": "Verb-object-oblique", "Gurr-goni": "More than one order with none dominant", "Guarijío": "More than one order with none dominant", "Greenlandic (West)": "Object-oblique-verb", "Guaraní": "Verb-object-oblique", "Gude": "Verb-object-oblique", "Guhu-Samane": "Oblique-object-verb", "Gumbaynggir": "More than one order with none dominant", "Gwari": "More than one order with none dominant", "Haida": "Oblique-object-verb", "Hakka": "Oblique-verb-object", "Hatam": "Verb-object-oblique", "Hausa": "Verb-object-oblique", "Hdi": "Verb-object-oblique", "Heiltsuk": "Verb-object-oblique", "Hixkaryana": "Object-verb-oblique", "Huitoto (Minica)": "Oblique-object-verb", "Mina": "Verb-object-oblique", "Huastec": "Verb-object-oblique", "Hupa": "More than one order with none dominant", "Iaai": "Verb-object-oblique", "Iban": "Verb-object-oblique", "Idoma": "More than one order with none dominant", "Ifumu": "Verb-object-oblique", "Igbo": "Verb-object-oblique", "Igede": "Verb-object-oblique", "Iha": "Object-oblique-verb", "Inanwatan": "More than one order with none dominant", "Indonesian": "Verb-object-oblique", "Innamincka": "More than one order with none dominant", "Irish": "Verb-object-oblique", "Iraqw": "More than one order with none dominant", "I'saka": "Object-verb-oblique", "Itelmen": "More than one order with none dominant", "Ixil": "Verb-object-oblique", "Izi": "Verb-object-oblique", "Jaminjung": "More than one order with none dominant", "Izere": "Verb-object-oblique", "Jebero": "More than one order with none dominant", "Jur Mödö": "Verb-object-oblique", "Jingpho": "Oblique-object-verb", "Japanese": "Oblique-object-verb", "Jukun": "Verb-object-oblique", "Karó (Arára)": "Object-verb-oblique", "Kashmiri": "Verb-object-oblique", "Kayardild": "More than one order with none dominant", "Kabyle": "Verb-object-oblique", "Koyra Chiini": "Verb-object-oblique", "Koromfe": "Verb-object-oblique", "Nama": "Oblique-object-verb", "Khasi": "Verb-object-oblique", "Kinyarwanda": "Verb-object-oblique", "Kisi": "More than one order with none dominant", "Karankawa": "More than one order with none dominant", "Klamath": "More than one order with none dominant", "Kamaiurá": "Object-verb-oblique", "Kham": "Object-oblique-verb", "Karimojong": "Verb-object-oblique", "Koiali (Mountain)": "Oblique-object-verb", "Kamu": "More than one order with none dominant", "Kamasau": "Object-oblique-verb", "Kugu Nganhcara": "More than one order with none dominant", "Kanakuru": "Verb-object-oblique", "Kanuri": "Object-oblique-verb", "Koasati": "Object-verb-oblique", "Kosraean": "Verb-object-oblique", "Koya": "Object-oblique-verb", "Kapampangan": "Verb-object-oblique", "Karen (Pwo)": "Verb-object-oblique", "Kiribati": "Verb-object-oblique", "Karok": "More than one order with none dominant", "Krongo": "Verb-object-oblique", "Kairiru": "Object-verb-oblique", "Koyraboro Senni": "Object-verb-oblique", "Karen (Sgaw)": "Verb-object-oblique", "Kasem": "Verb-object-oblique", "Kuot": "Verb-object-oblique", "Kuuku Ya'u": "More than one order with none dominant", "Kwaio": "Verb-object-oblique", "Kwoma": "Object-oblique-verb", "Kawaiisu": "More than one order with none dominant", "Kwomtari": "Object-oblique-verb", "Iwoyo": "Verb-object-oblique", "Kuku-Yalanji": "Object-verb-oblique", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "Verb-object-oblique", "Kayapó": "Oblique-object-verb", "Kyuquot": "Verb-object-oblique", "Karkar-Yuri": "Object-oblique-verb", "Komi-Zyrian": "Verb-object-oblique", "Lango": "Verb-object-oblique", "Laragia": "More than one order with none dominant", "Lavukaleve": "Oblique-object-verb", "Lunda": "Verb-object-oblique", "Lendu": "More than one order with none dominant", "Leko": "More than one order with none dominant", "Lenakel": "Verb-object-oblique", "Lese": "More than one order with none dominant", "Lewo": "Verb-object-oblique", "Logoti": "More than one order with none dominant", "Lingala": "Verb-object-oblique", "Lisu": "Object-oblique-verb", "Lamang": "Verb-object-oblique", "Limilngan": "More than one order with none dominant", "Lamani": "Oblique-object-verb", "Lampung": "Verb-object-oblique", "Loniu": "Verb-object-oblique", "Lugbara": "More than one order with none dominant", "Luiseño": "More than one order with none dominant", "Luo": "Verb-object-oblique", "Luvale": "Verb-object-oblique", "Ma'di": "More than one order with none dominant", "Majang": "Verb-object-oblique", "Makah": "Verb-object-oblique", "Malagasy": "Verb-object-oblique", "Mam": "Verb-object-oblique", "Mano": "Object-verb-oblique", "Maori": "Verb-object-oblique", "Mapudungun": "More than one order with none dominant", "Maung": "Verb-object-oblique", "Maninka (Western)": "Object-verb-oblique", "Maybrat": "Verb-object-oblique", "Mbili": "Verb-object-oblique", "Mbay": "Verb-object-oblique", "Mende": "Object-verb-oblique", "Mundang": "Verb-object-oblique", "Matngele": "More than one order with none dominant", "Meyah": "Verb-object-oblique", "Mekens": "Object-verb-oblique", "Menomini": "More than one order with none dominant", "Mondunga": "Verb-object-oblique", "Mangghuer": "Oblique-object-verb", "Mikir": "Oblique-object-verb", "Minangkabau": "More than one order with none dominant", "Miya": "Verb-object-oblique", "Mizo": "Oblique-object-verb", "Mauka": "Object-verb-oblique", "Mandinka (Gambian)": "Object-verb-oblique", "Maranungku": "More than one order with none dominant", "Maleu": "Verb-object-oblique", "Mangap-Mbula": "Verb-object-oblique", "Mamanwa": "Verb-object-oblique", "Mandarin": "Oblique-verb-object", "Manggarai": "Verb-object-oblique", "Mono-Alu": "More than one order with none dominant", "Mofu-Gudur": "Verb-object-oblique", "Mohawk": "More than one order with none dominant", "Mooré": "Verb-object-oblique", "Moru": "More than one order with none dominant", "Murrinh-Patha": "Object-verb-oblique", "Mian": "Object-oblique-verb", "Mara": "More than one order with none dominant", "Marrithiyel": "More than one order with none dominant", "Murle": "Verb-object-oblique", "Moro": "Verb-object-oblique", "Maringarr": "More than one order with none dominant", "Martuthunira": "Verb-object-oblique", "Muruwari": "More than one order with none dominant", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "More than one order with none dominant", "Matis": "Object-oblique-verb", "Massachusett": "More than one order with none dominant", "Mupun": "Verb-object-oblique", "Mussau": "Verb-object-oblique", "Mwera": "Verb-object-oblique", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Verb-object-oblique", "Mixtec (Jicaltepec)": "Verb-object-oblique", "Mixtec (Ocotepec)": "Verb-object-oblique", "Mixtec (Peñoles)": "Verb-object-oblique", "Mixe (Ayutla)": "More than one order with none dominant", "Mixtec (Yosondúa)": "Verb-object-oblique", "Mazatec (Huautla)": "More than one order with none dominant", "Nagatman": "Object-oblique-verb", "Neo-Aramaic (Arbel Jewish)": "Object-verb-oblique", "Nandi": "Verb-object-oblique", "Nasioi": "More than one order with none dominant", "Navajo": "Object-oblique-verb", "Ngäbere": "Object-verb-oblique", "Nicobarese (Car)": "Verb-object-oblique", "Ndjébbana": "More than one order with none dominant", "Ndut": "Verb-object-oblique", "Ndyuka": "Verb-object-oblique", "Nehan": "Verb-object-oblique", "Neyo": "More than one order with none dominant", "Nez Perce": "More than one order with none dominant", "Ngbaka (Minagende)": "Verb-object-oblique", "Ngiyambaa": "More than one order with none dominant", "Ngankikurungkurr": "More than one order with none dominant", "Ngalakan": "More than one order with none dominant", "Ngambay": "Verb-object-oblique", "Ngandi": "More than one order with none dominant", "Ngizim": "Verb-object-oblique", "Nhanda": "More than one order with none dominant", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Verb-object-oblique", "Nyishi": "Object-oblique-verb", "Niuean": "Verb-object-oblique", "Nkore-Kiga": "Verb-object-oblique", "Noni": "Verb-object-oblique", "Nisgha": "Verb-object-oblique", "Ngiti": "More than one order with none dominant", "Nenets": "Oblique-object-verb", "Nuaulu": "Verb-object-oblique", "Nuer": "More than one order with none dominant", "Nunggubuyu": "More than one order with none dominant", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "Verb-object-oblique", "Nupe": "Verb-object-oblique", "Nuuchahnulth": "Verb-object-oblique", "Obolo": "Verb-object-oblique", "Ocuilteco": "Verb-object-oblique", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "More than one order with none dominant", "Oneida": "More than one order with none dominant", "One": "Verb-object-oblique", "Oromo (Harar)": "Oblique-object-verb", "Oromo (Waata)": "Object-oblique-verb", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Verb-object-oblique", "Pa'a": "Verb-object-oblique", "Palauan": "Verb-object-oblique", "Päri": "Object-verb-oblique", "Paumarí": "More than one order with none dominant", "Paakantyi": "More than one order with none dominant", "Pokot": "Verb-object-oblique", "Panará": "More than one order with none dominant", "Panyjima": "More than one order with none dominant", "Pohnpeian": "Verb-object-oblique", "Poko-Rawo": "More than one order with none dominant", "Pitta Pitta": "More than one order with none dominant", "Prasuni": "Oblique-object-verb", "Pirahã": "Oblique-object-verb", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "More than one order with none dominant", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Object-oblique-verb", "Patwin": "More than one order with none dominant", "Pungupungu": "More than one order with none dominant", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Oblique-object-verb", "Sipakapense": "Verb-object-oblique", "Rama": "More than one order with none dominant", "Remo": "Oblique-object-verb", "Resígaro": "More than one order with none dominant", "Ritharngu": "More than one order with none dominant", "Rotuman": "Verb-object-oblique", "Roviana": "Verb-object-oblique", "Salinan": "More than one order with none dominant", "Sango": "Verb-object-oblique", "Sare": "More than one order with none dominant", "Sandawe": "More than one order with none dominant", "Sedang": "Verb-object-oblique", "Sema": "Oblique-object-verb", "Seri": "Oblique-object-verb", "Sesotho": "Verb-object-oblique", "Shoshone": "Oblique-object-verb", "Shasta": "More than one order with none dominant", "Sio": "Verb-object-oblique", "Siuslaw": "More than one order with none dominant", "Slave": "Oblique-object-verb", "Saliba (in Papua New Guinea)": "Object-verb-oblique", "Seme": "Object-verb-oblique", "Semelai": "Verb-object-oblique", "Seneca": "More than one order with none dominant", "Sanuma": "Oblique-object-verb", "Sobei": "Verb-object-oblique", "Spanish": "Verb-object-oblique", "Sirionó": "Object-verb-oblique", "Stieng": "Verb-object-oblique", "Sulka": "Verb-object-oblique", "Supyire": "Object-verb-oblique", "Susu": "Object-verb-oblique", "Savosavo": "Object-verb-oblique", "Swedish": "Verb-object-oblique", "Taba": "Verb-object-oblique", "Tacana": "More than one order with none dominant", "Takia": "Object-oblique-verb", "Tabare": "Oblique-object-verb", "Tarahumara (Central)": "Oblique-object-verb", "Tennet": "Verb-object-oblique", "Tera": "Verb-object-oblique", "Tetela": "Verb-object-oblique", "Tigak": "Verb-object-oblique", "Thai": "Verb-object-oblique", "Thompson": "Verb-object-oblique", "Ticuna": "More than one order with none dominant", "Tidore": "Verb-object-oblique", "Tikar": "More than one order with none dominant", "Tinrin": "More than one order with none dominant", "Tiwi": "Verb-object-oblique", "Tiipay (Jamul)": "Object-oblique-verb", "Tolai": "Verb-object-oblique", "Telefol": "Oblique-object-verb", "Tlapanec": "Verb-object-oblique", "Tamil": "Oblique-object-verb", "Turkana": "Verb-object-oblique", "Tunen": "Object-verb-oblique", "Tonkawa": "More than one order with none dominant", "Tepehuan (Northern)": "More than one order with none dominant", "Tapieté": "Object-verb-oblique", "Trique (Copala)": "Verb-object-oblique", "Trumai": "More than one order with none dominant", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "More than one order with none dominant", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Verb-object-oblique", "Tamashek": "Verb-object-oblique", "Tetun": "Verb-object-oblique", "Tsova-Tush": "More than one order with none dominant", "Tucano": "More than one order with none dominant", "Tunica": "More than one order with none dominant", "Turkish": "Oblique-object-verb", "Tuscarora": "More than one order with none dominant", "Tarahumara (Western)": "More than one order with none dominant", "Tiwa (Northern)": "More than one order with none dominant", "Tzotzil": "Verb-object-oblique", "Tzutujil": "Verb-object-oblique", "Udi": "More than one order with none dominant", "Uldeme": "Verb-object-oblique", "Ulithian": "Verb-object-oblique", "Ungarinjin": "Object-verb-oblique", "Urubú-Kaapor": "More than one order with none dominant", "Ute": "More than one order with none dominant", "Vai": "Object-verb-oblique", "Vietnamese": "Verb-object-oblique", "Wahgi": "Oblique-object-verb", "Wakhi": "Object-oblique-verb", "Walman": "Verb-object-oblique", "Wangkumara": "More than one order with none dominant", "Wari'": "Verb-object-oblique", "Wichí": "Verb-object-oblique", "Welsh": "Verb-object-oblique", "Wembawemba": "Verb-object-oblique", "Wichita": "More than one order with none dominant", "Wikchamni": "More than one order with none dominant", "Wintu": "More than one order with none dominant", "Wiyot": "More than one order with none dominant", "Wolof": "Verb-object-oblique", "West Makian": "Verb-object-oblique", "Wan": "Object-verb-oblique", "Woleaian": "Verb-object-oblique", "Womo": "Object-verb-oblique", "Wardaman": "More than one order with none dominant", "Warrgamay": "More than one order with none dominant", "Warlpiri": "More than one order with none dominant", "Warrwa": "More than one order with none dominant", "Waray (in Australia)": "More than one order with none dominant", "Wyandot": "More than one order with none dominant", "/Xam": "Verb-object-oblique", "Xârâcùù": "Verb-object-oblique", "Xasonga": "Object-verb-oblique", "Yagaria": "Oblique-object-verb", "Yidiny": "Object-verb-oblique", "Yimas": "More than one order with none dominant", "Yindjibarndi": "More than one order with none dominant", "Yup'ik (Central)": "More than one order with none dominant", "Yulu": "Verb-object-oblique", "Yurok": "More than one order with none dominant", "Yupik (Siberian)": "Object-verb-oblique", "Yawelmani": "More than one order with none dominant", "Yawuru": "More than one order with none dominant", "Zapotec (Mitla)": "Verb-object-oblique", "Zarma": "More than one order with none dominant" }
85A
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase
Word Order
What is the order of adposition and noun phrase in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Postpositions; Prepositions; Inpositions; More than one adposition type with none dominant; No adpositions
{ "Aari": "Postpositions", "Abau": "Postpositions", "Abipón": "Prepositions", "Abkhaz": "Postpositions", "Abun": "Prepositions", "Abui": "No adpositions", "Acehnese": "Prepositions", "Achagua": "Postpositions", "Acholi": "Prepositions", "Achumawi": "Prepositions", "Achang": "Postpositions", "Acoma": "Postpositions", "Adang": "Postpositions", "Adioukrou": "Postpositions", "Andoke": "Postpositions", "Adynyamathanha": "Postpositions", "Adyghe (Abzakh)": "Postpositions", "Adzera": "Prepositions", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Prepositions", "Agta (Central)": "Prepositions", "Angami": "Postpositions", "Ainu": "Postpositions", "Aja": "Prepositions", "Ajagbe": "Postpositions", "Akha": "Postpositions", "Akan": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Alamblak": "Postpositions", "Albanian": "Prepositions", "Arop-Lokep": "Prepositions", "Ala'ala": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Alune": "Prepositions", "Alsea": "Prepositions", "Alawa": "Prepositions", "Alyawarra": "Postpositions", "Amara": "Prepositions", "Ambulas": "Postpositions", "Amahuaca": "Postpositions", "Amele": "Postpositions", "Amharic": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Amis": "Prepositions", "Amarakaeri": "Postpositions", "Ambae (Lolovoli Northeast)": "Prepositions", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "Postpositions", "Ambai": "Prepositions", "Arabic (Moroccan)": "Prepositions", "Arabic (Modern Standard)": "Prepositions", "Amdo (Themchen)": "Postpositions", "Araona": "Postpositions", "Angas": "Prepositions", "Anêm": "Prepositions", "Anggor": "Postpositions", "Anejom": "Prepositions", "Anindilyakwa": "Inpositions", "Anywa": "Prepositions", "Ao": "Postpositions", "Apinayé": "Postpositions", "Apalaí": "Postpositions", "Apatani": "Postpositions", "Apurinã": "Postpositions", "Lokono": "Postpositions", "Archi": "Postpositions", "Arabic (Gulf)": "Prepositions", "Arabic (Kuwaiti)": "Prepositions", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Postpositions", "Arosi": "Prepositions", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Prepositions", "Arabic (Iraqi)": "Prepositions", "Armenian (Western)": "Postpositions", "Asmat": "No adpositions", "Asuriní": "Postpositions", "Arabic (Syrian)": "Prepositions", "Atayal": "Prepositions", "Atakapa": "Postpositions", "Au": "Prepositions", "Avar": "Postpositions", "Avokaya": "Postpositions", "Arrernte (Western)": "Postpositions", "Awa Pit": "Postpositions", "Awtuw": "Postpositions", "Aymara (Central)": "Postpositions", "Ayiwo": "Prepositions", "Barai": "Postpositions", "Babungo": "Prepositions", "Bachamal": "Postpositions", "Baré": "Postpositions", "Bafut": "Prepositions", "Bagirmi": "Prepositions", "Bai": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Bajau (Sama)": "Prepositions", "Baka (in Cameroon)": "Prepositions", "Bambara": "Postpositions", "Bao'an": "Postpositions", "Bari": "Prepositions", "Basaá": "Prepositions", "Bawm": "Postpositions", "Bobo Madaré (Northern)": "Postpositions", "Babole": "Prepositions", "Barambu": "Prepositions", "Bininj Gun-Wok": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Bella Coola": "Prepositions", "Budu": "Prepositions", "Beja": "Postpositions", "Berber (Figuig)": "Prepositions", "Bafia": "Prepositions", "Benga": "Prepositions", "Bongo": "Prepositions", "Bagiro": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Baga Sitemu": "Postpositions", "Bhojpuri": "Postpositions", "Bidiya": "Prepositions", "Biak": "Prepositions", "Bilua": "Postpositions", "Binandere": "Postpositions", "Birom": "Prepositions", "Baka (in South Sudan)": "Prepositions", "Betta Kurumba": "Postpositions", "Bikol": "Prepositions", "Batak (Karo)": "Prepositions", "Blackfoot": "No adpositions", "Baoulé": "Postpositions", "Bilin": "Postpositions", "Balti": "Postpositions", "Bena-Lulua": "Prepositions", "Biloxi": "Postpositions", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Prepositions", "Bimoba": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Berber (Mzab)": "Prepositions", "Bunuba": "Inpositions", "Bini": "Prepositions", "Bankon": "Prepositions", "Banoni": "Prepositions", "Boazi (Kuni)": "Postpositions", "Bobangi": "Prepositions", "Bori": "Postpositions", "Boko": "Postpositions", "Bolia": "Prepositions", "Bongu": "Postpositions", "Brao": "Prepositions", "Breton": "Prepositions", "Berber (Rif)": "Prepositions", "Brahui": "Postpositions", "Bribri": "Postpositions", "Burmese": "Postpositions", "Burunge": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Bera": "Prepositions", "Barasano": "Postpositions", "Baruya": "Postpositions", "Berber (Ayt Seghrouchen Middle Atlas)": "Prepositions", "Bushoong": "Prepositions", "Berber (Siwa)": "Prepositions", "Bashkir": "Postpositions", "Basque": "Postpositions", "Betoi": "Postpositions", "Bontok": "Prepositions", "Batak (Toba)": "Prepositions", "Burarra": "Postpositions", "Buduma": "Prepositions", "Bulgarian": "Prepositions", "Buma": "Prepositions", "Burushaski": "Postpositions", "Busa": "Postpositions", "Buriat": "Postpositions", "Buru": "Prepositions", "Bali-Vitu": "Prepositions", "Bajau (West Coast)": "Prepositions", "Byansi": "Postpositions", "Bauzi": "Postpositions", "Cahuilla": "Postpositions", "Chai": "Postpositions", "Cakchiquel": "Prepositions", "Camsá": "Postpositions", "Carib": "Postpositions", "Cashibo": "Postpositions", "Cavineña": "Postpositions", "Campa (Axininca)": "No adpositions", "Chumash (Barbareño)": "Prepositions", "Chácobo": "Postpositions", "Chinantec (Comaltepec)": "Prepositions", "Choctaw": "Postpositions", "Carib (De'kwana)": "Postpositions", "Cebuano": "Prepositions", "Cèmuhî": "Prepositions", "Chamorro": "Prepositions", "Chechen": "Postpositions", "Cherokee": "Postpositions", "Chang": "Postpositions", "Chaha": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Chimariko": "Postpositions", "Chuj": "Prepositions", "Chukchi": "Postpositions", "Chantyal": "Postpositions", "Chipewyan": "Postpositions", "Chinantec (Quiotepec)": "Prepositions", "Chrau": "Prepositions", "Chin (Siyin)": "Postpositions", "Chuvash": "Postpositions", "Chichewa": "Prepositions", "Chinook (Lower)": "Prepositions", "Chaldean (Modern)": "Prepositions", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Prepositions", "Cholón": "Postpositions", "Chemehuevi": "Postpositions", "Comanche": "Postpositions", "Chin (Mara)": "Postpositions", "Comox": "Prepositions", "Chontal Maya": "Prepositions", "Canela": "Postpositions", "Canamarí": "Postpositions", "Cantonese": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Cocama": "Postpositions", "Coeur d'Alene": "Prepositions", "Coos (Hanis)": "Postpositions", "Coptic": "Prepositions", "Cora": "Postpositions", "Chinantec (Palantla)": "Prepositions", "Chiquitano": "Prepositions", "Cree (Plains)": "No adpositions", "Cornish": "Prepositions", "Chatino (Sierra Occidental)": "Prepositions", "Chin (Tiddim)": "Postpositions", "Catalan": "Prepositions", "Chitimacha": "Postpositions", "Catawba": "Postpositions", "Cubeo": "Postpositions", "Cuica": "Prepositions", "Cupeño": "Postpositions", "Chatino (Yaitepec)": "Prepositions", "Cayuvava": "Prepositions", "Czech": "Prepositions", "Daga": "Postpositions", "Dan": "Postpositions", "Dâw": "Postpositions", "Donno So": "Postpositions", "Dla (Proper)": "Postpositions", "Desano": "Postpositions", "Dagaare": "Postpositions", "Dagbani": "Postpositions", "Dagur": "Postpositions", "Dhimal": "Postpositions", "Dhargari": "No adpositions", "Didinga": "Prepositions", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "Postpositions", "Digaro": "Postpositions", "Dime": "Postpositions", "Dinka": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Diola-Fogny": "Prepositions", "Djingili": "Postpositions", "Dla (Menggwa)": "Postpositions", "Dumi": "Postpositions", "Domaaki": "Postpositions", "Dimasa": "Postpositions", "Ding": "Prepositions", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Postpositions", "Bwele": "Prepositions", "Domari": "Prepositions", "Dong (Southern)": "Prepositions", "Doyayo": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Drehu": "Prepositions", "Dargwa": "Postpositions", "Darma": "Postpositions", "Danish": "Prepositions", "Duka": "Prepositions", "Dulong": "Postpositions", "Duna": "Postpositions", "Dutch": "Prepositions", "Dyirbal": "No adpositions", "Edolo": "Postpositions", "Engenni": "Prepositions", "Eipo": "Postpositions", "Emberá (Northern)": "Postpositions", "Émérillon": "Postpositions", "Emmi": "Postpositions", "Enets": "Postpositions", "English": "Prepositions", "Enggano": "Prepositions", "Epena Pedee": "Postpositions", "Efate (South)": "Prepositions", "Erromangan": "Prepositions", "Ese Ejja": "Postpositions", "Esmeraldeño": "Prepositions", "Estonian": "Postpositions", "Eudeve": "Postpositions", "Evenki": "Postpositions", "Even": "Postpositions", "Ewe": "Postpositions", "Ewondo": "Prepositions", "Fasu": "Postpositions", "Fijian": "Prepositions", "Finnish": "Postpositions", "Fongbe": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Fore": "Postpositions", "Momu": "Postpositions", "French": "Prepositions", "Frisian": "Prepositions", "Fulfulde (Adamawa)": "Prepositions", "Fulniô": "Postpositions", "Fur": "Postpositions", "Futuna-Aniwa": "Prepositions", "Fyem": "Prepositions", "Gaagudju": "Postpositions", "Gaelic (Scots)": "Prepositions", "Gamo": "Postpositions", "Great Andamanese": "Postpositions", "Gapapaiwa": "Postpositions", "Garo": "Postpositions", "Gavião": "Postpositions", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "Prepositions", "Gela": "Prepositions", "Georgian": "Postpositions", "German": "Prepositions", "Guahibo": "Postpositions", "Gimira": "Postpositions", "Gitksan": "Prepositions", "Giziga": "Prepositions", "Guajajara": "Postpositions", "Gününa Küne": "Prepositions", "Gelao": "Prepositions", "Golin": "Postpositions", "Gumawana": "Postpositions", "Gumuz": "Prepositions", "Gunbalang": "Prepositions", "Ga'anda": "Prepositions", "Gunin": "Postpositions", "Goajiro": "Prepositions", "Goemai": "Prepositions", "Gokana": "Prepositions", "Gondi": "Postpositions", "Gooniyandi": "Inpositions", "Grebo": "Postpositions", "Garífuna": "Prepositions", "Guarijío": "Postpositions", "Greek (Modern)": "Prepositions", "Garrwa": "Prepositions", "Greenlandic (West)": "Postpositions", "Guató": "Prepositions", "Guaraní": "Postpositions", "Gude": "Prepositions", "Gujarati": "Postpositions", "Gula (in Central African Republic)": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Gurung": "Postpositions", "Gungbe": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Gwari": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Gworok": "Prepositions", "Gyarong (Cogtse)": "Postpositions", "Haida": "Postpositions", "Halia": "Prepositions", "Hamtai": "Postpositions", "Hani": "Postpositions", "Hatam": "Prepositions", "Hausa": "Prepositions", "Hawaiian": "Prepositions", "Hayu": "Postpositions", "Hdi": "Prepositions", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Prepositions", "Hehe": "Prepositions", "Heiltsuk": "Prepositions", "Hemba": "Prepositions", "Hanga Hundi": "Postpositions", "Hidatsa": "Postpositions", "Hiligaynon": "Prepositions", "Hindi": "Postpositions", "Hixkaryana": "Postpositions", "Hualapai": "Postpositions", "Halkomelem (Upriver)": "Prepositions", "Hmar": "Postpositions", "Hmong Njua": "Prepositions", "Mina": "Prepositions", "Ho": "Postpositions", "Hoava": "Prepositions", "Hopi": "Postpositions", "Hup": "Postpositions", "Huastec": "Prepositions", "Hua": "Postpositions", "=|Hoan": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Huitoto (Murui)": "Postpositions", "Hungarian": "Postpositions", "Hupa": "Postpositions", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "Prepositions", "Hawrami": "Prepositions", "Haya": "Prepositions", "Hunzib": "Postpositions", "Iaai": "Prepositions", "Iau": "Postpositions", "Iban": "Prepositions", "Icelandic": "Prepositions", "Iduna": "Postpositions", "Idu": "Postpositions", "Ifumu": "Prepositions", "Ifugao (Batad)": "Prepositions", "Igbo": "Prepositions", "Ignaciano": "Prepositions", "Ingessana": "Prepositions", "Ik": "Prepositions", "Ika": "Postpositions", "Ila": "Prepositions", "Ilocano": "Prepositions", "Imonda": "Postpositions", "Inanwatan": "Postpositions", "Indonesian": "Prepositions", "Ingush": "Postpositions", "Innamincka": "Postpositions", "Iquito": "Postpositions", "Irish": "Prepositions", "Iraqw": "Prepositions", "Irarutu": "Prepositions", "I'saka": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Italian": "Prepositions", "Itelmen": "No adpositions", "Iwaidja": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Ixil": "Prepositions", "Izi": "Prepositions", "Jabêm": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Jakaltek": "Prepositions", "Izere": "Prepositions", "Jabutí": "Postpositions", "Jeli": "Postpositions", "Jino": "Postpositions", "Luwo": "Prepositions", "Jur Mödö": "Prepositions", "Jamsay": "Postpositions", "Jingpho": "Postpositions", "Johari": "Postpositions", "Japanese": "Postpositions", "Jugli": "Postpositions", "Ju|'hoan": "Postpositions", "Jukun": "Prepositions", "Karajá": "Postpositions", "Karó (Arára)": "Postpositions", "Kabardian": "Postpositions", "Kachari": "Postpositions", "Kambera": "Prepositions", "Kana": "Prepositions", "Kara (in Central African Republic)": "Prepositions", "Kashmiri": "Postpositions", "Kaulong": "Prepositions", "Kayardild": "No adpositions", "Kabyle": "Prepositions", "Kambot": "Postpositions", "Kabatei": "Postpositions", "Karen (Bwe)": "Prepositions", "Kabiyé": "Prepositions", "Koyra Chiini": "Postpositions", "Kadiwéu": "No adpositions", "Kadazan": "Prepositions", "Kele": "Prepositions", "Kemant": "Postpositions", "Kenga": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Kera": "Prepositions", "Ket": "Postpositions", "Kewa": "Postpositions", "Koromfe": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Kinga": "Prepositions", "Kagulu": "Prepositions", "Kyirong": "Postpositions", "Kirghiz": "Postpositions", "Khalkha": "Postpositions", "Kham (Dege)": "Postpositions", "Khalaj": "Postpositions", "Khmer": "Prepositions", "Nama": "Postpositions", "Kharia": "Postpositions", "Khasi": "Prepositions", "Khowar": "Postpositions", "Kire": "Postpositions", "Kikuyu": "Prepositions", "Kiluba": "Prepositions", "Kimaghama": "Postpositions", "Kinyarwanda": "Prepositions", "Kiowa": "No adpositions", "Kirma": "Postpositions", "Kisi": "Prepositions", "Kiwai (Southern)": "Postpositions", "Koreguaje": "Postpositions", "Karakalpak": "Postpositions", "Kuikúro": "Postpositions", "Kokota": "Prepositions", "Korku": "Postpositions", "Lusi": "Prepositions", "Kaluli": "Postpositions", "Klamath": "Postpositions", "Kalam": "Postpositions", "Koluri": "Postpositions", "Kilivila": "Prepositions", "Kiliwa": "No adpositions", "Kamaiurá": "Postpositions", "Kombai": "Postpositions", "Kham": "Postpositions", "Kami": "Prepositions", "Karimojong": "Prepositions", "Kalmyk": "Postpositions", "Kuman": "Postpositions", "Koiali (Mountain)": "Postpositions", "Kamass": "Postpositions", "Khmu'": "Prepositions", "Kamu": "Postpositions", "Kamasau": "Postpositions", "Kanum (Bädi)": "Postpositions", "Kugu Nganhcara": "Postpositions", "Kannada": "Postpositions", "Kaingang": "Postpositions", "Konni": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Kanakuru": "Prepositions", "Kunama": "Postpositions", "Kinnauri": "Postpositions", "Kanuri": "Postpositions", "Kham (Tibetan) (Nangchen)": "Postpositions", "Koasati": "Postpositions", "Kobon": "Postpositions", "Koegu": "Prepositions", "Kokborok": "Postpositions", "Kolami": "Postpositions", "Kongo": "Prepositions", "Komi-Permyak": "Postpositions", "Korean": "Postpositions", "Kosraean": "Prepositions", "Kapampangan": "Prepositions", "Kposo": "Postpositions", "Karen (Pwo)": "Prepositions", "Kiribati": "Prepositions", "Karachay-Balkar": "Postpositions", "Kurdish (Central)": "Prepositions", "Kresh": "Prepositions", "Krahô": "Postpositions", "Kipea": "Prepositions", "Karadjeri": "Postpositions", "Karok": "Postpositions", "Korana": "Postpositions", "Kairiru": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Koryak": "Postpositions", "Keresan (Santa Ana)": "Postpositions", "Koyraboro Senni": "Postpositions", "Karen (Sgaw)": "Prepositions", "Kete": "Prepositions", "Kati (in West Papua, Indonesia)": "Postpositions", "Katu": "Prepositions", "Khanty": "Postpositions", "Kumauni": "Postpositions", "Kuna": "Postpositions", "Kuot": "Prepositions", "Kusunda": "Postpositions", "Kutenai": "No adpositions", "Kuvi": "Postpositions", "Kwaio": "Prepositions", "Kwerba": "Postpositions", "Kwakw'ala": "Prepositions", "Kwami": "Prepositions", "Kwangali": "Prepositions", "Kwoma": "Postpositions", "Kawaiisu": "Postpositions", "Kwomtari": "Postpositions", "Iwoyo": "Prepositions", "Kwaza": "No adpositions", "Kxoe": "Postpositions", "Kuku-Yalanji": "Prepositions", "Kyaka": "Postpositions", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Koyukon": "Postpositions", "Kanyok": "Prepositions", "Kyuquot": "Prepositions", "Karkar-Yuri": "Postpositions", "Kayabí": "Postpositions", "Komi-Zyrian": "Postpositions", "Laal": "Prepositions", "Labu": "Prepositions", "Lacandón": "Prepositions", "Ladakhi": "Postpositions", "Lagwan": "Prepositions", "Lahu": "Postpositions", "Lai": "Postpositions", "Lak": "Postpositions", "Lalo": "Postpositions", "Lango": "Prepositions", "Lao": "Prepositions", "Laragia": "Postpositions", "Latvian": "Prepositions", "Lavukaleve": "Postpositions", "Lunda": "Prepositions", "Luganda": "Prepositions", "Londo": "Prepositions", "Lendu": "Postpositions", "Lebeo": "Prepositions", "Lele": "Prepositions", "Lenakel": "Prepositions", "Lepcha": "Postpositions", "Leti": "Prepositions", "Lewo": "Prepositions", "Lezgian": "Postpositions", "Langi": "Prepositions", "Logoti": "Postpositions", "Longgu": "Prepositions", "Lhomi": "Postpositions", "Hlai (Baoding)": "Prepositions", "Lillooet": "Prepositions", "Lisu": "Postpositions", "Lithuanian": "Prepositions", "Lakhota": "Postpositions", "Lelemi": "Postpositions", "Lamba": "Prepositions", "Lamang": "Prepositions", "Lamaholot": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Lamani": "Postpositions", "Lampung": "Prepositions", "Linda": "Prepositions", "Loniu": "Prepositions", "Lotha": "Postpositions", "Lou": "Prepositions", "Lugbara": "Postpositions", "Luiseño": "Postpositions", "Lungchang": "Postpositions", "Luo": "Prepositions", "Luvale": "Prepositions", "Maasai": "Prepositions", "Maba": "Postpositions", "Macushi": "Postpositions", "Ma'di": "Postpositions", "Mae": "Prepositions", "Magar": "Postpositions", "Maithili": "Postpositions", "Majang": "Postpositions", "Makah": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Malagasy": "Prepositions", "Mam": "Prepositions", "Mano": "Postpositions", "Maori": "Prepositions", "Mapudungun": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Maricopa": "Postpositions", "Masa": "Prepositions", "Maung": "Prepositions", "Maninka (Western)": "Postpositions", "Maxakalí": "Postpositions", "Maybrat": "Prepositions", "Mbere": "Prepositions", "Mbum": "Prepositions", "Monumbo": "Postpositions", "Mbara": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Mbay": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Mochica": "Postpositions", "Macedonian": "Prepositions", "Mixe (Coatlán)": "Prepositions", "Mende": "Postpositions", "Mundang": "Prepositions", "Matngele": "Postpositions", "Madimadi": "Prepositions", "Mandan": "Postpositions", "Mbodomo": "Prepositions", "Manadonese": "Prepositions", "Meyah": "Prepositions", "Mehri": "Prepositions", "Meithei": "Postpositions", "Mekens": "Postpositions", "Menomini": "No adpositions", "Menya": "Postpositions", "Mondunga": "Prepositions", "Mangghuer": "Postpositions", "Magahi": "Postpositions", "Magi": "Postpositions", "Mongo": "Prepositions", "Musgu": "Prepositions", "Marathi": "Postpositions", "Mien": "No adpositions", "Migama": "Prepositions", "Mikir": "Postpositions", "Minangkabau": "Prepositions", "Miskito": "Postpositions", "Miya": "Prepositions", "Mizo": "Postpositions", "Mauka": "Postpositions", "Mekeo": "Postpositions", "Mandinka (Gambian)": "Postpositions", "Makasae": "Postpositions", "Maklew": "Postpositions", "Mokilko": "Prepositions", "Maranungku": "Postpositions", "Malgwa": "Prepositions", "Mlabri (Minor)": "Prepositions", "Maleu": "Prepositions", "Mangap-Mbula": "Prepositions", "Mari (Meadow)": "Postpositions", "Mambai": "Prepositions", "Mamanwa": "Prepositions", "Muna": "Prepositions", "Manchu": "Postpositions", "Mandarin": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Manggarai": "Prepositions", "Manam": "Postpositions", "Mono (in United States)": "Postpositions", "Mansi": "Postpositions", "Minaveha": "Postpositions", "Munzombo": "Prepositions", "Mono-Alu": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Mordvin (Erzya)": "Postpositions", "Mofu-Gudur": "Prepositions", "Mokilese": "Prepositions", "Mombum": "Postpositions", "Mon": "Prepositions", "Mooré": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Mor": "Prepositions", "Moru": "Postpositions", "Movima": "Prepositions", "Murrinh-Patha": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Maipure": "Postpositions", "Mian": "Postpositions", "Mpur": "Prepositions", "Momuna": "Postpositions", "Mara": "Prepositions", "Marind": "Postpositions", "Margi": "Prepositions", "Marrithiyel": "Postpositions", "Moraori": "Postpositions", "Murle": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Moro": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Marquesan": "Prepositions", "Martuthunira": "No adpositions", "Maru": "Postpositions", "Mising": "Postpositions", "Musom": "Prepositions", "Maisin": "Postpositions", "Musqueam": "Prepositions", "Massachusett": "Prepositions", "Motu": "Postpositions", "Makua": "Prepositions", "Mumuye": "Prepositions", "Mundari": "Postpositions", "Mupun": "Prepositions", "Mussau": "Prepositions", "Mundurukú": "Postpositions", "Manobo (Western Bukidnon)": "Prepositions", "Mwera": "No adpositions", "Mixtec (Atatlahuca)": "Prepositions", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Prepositions", "Mixtec (Jicaltepec)": "Prepositions", "Mixtec (Ocotepec)": "Prepositions", "Mixtec (Peñoles)": "Prepositions", "Mixtec (Yosondúa)": "Prepositions", "Mayogo": "Prepositions", "Mangarrayi": "Prepositions", "Matsés": "Postpositions", "Mazatec (Huautla)": "Prepositions", "Mazanderani": "Postpositions", "Nabak": "Postpositions", "Nadëb": "Postpositions", "Nagatman": "Postpositions", "Neo-Aramaic (Arbel Jewish)": "Prepositions", "Nakanai": "Prepositions", "Nalik": "Prepositions", "Namia": "Postpositions", "Nandi": "Prepositions", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "Postpositions", "Nasioi": "Postpositions", "Natchez": "Postpositions", "Navajo": "Postpositions", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Postpositions", "Ngäbere": "Postpositions", "Nicobarese (Car)": "Prepositions", "Ncàm": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Nande": "Prepositions", "Ngbandi": "Prepositions", "Ndjébbana": "Postpositions", "Ndonga": "Prepositions", "Ndut": "Prepositions", "Ndumu": "Prepositions", "Ndyuka": "Prepositions", "Nehan": "Prepositions", "Nepali": "Postpositions", "Nevome": "Postpositions", "Newari (Kathmandu)": "Postpositions", "Ngbaka (Minagende)": "Prepositions", "Ngad'a": "Prepositions", "Ngan'gityemerri": "Postpositions", "Ngiyambaa": "No adpositions", "Ngankikurungkurr": "Postpositions", "Ngalakan": "No adpositions", "Ngambay": "Prepositions", "Ngoni": "Prepositions", "Nguna": "Prepositions", "Ngizim": "Prepositions", "Nahuatl (Huasteca)": "Prepositions", "Nahuatl (Michoacán)": "Prepositions", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Prepositions", "Nias": "Prepositions", "Niuafo'ou": "Prepositions", "Nyishi": "Postpositions", "Niuean": "Prepositions", "Nivkh": "Postpositions", "Nkonya": "Postpositions", "Nkore-Kiga": "Prepositions", "Nancowry": "Prepositions", "Nend": "Postpositions", "Nankina": "Postpositions", "Nocte": "Postpositions", "Noni": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Noon": "Prepositions", "Norwegian": "Prepositions", "Nar-Phu": "Postpositions", "Nsenga": "Prepositions", "Nisgha": "Prepositions", "Ngiti": "Postpositions", "Ngaanyatjarra": "Postpositions", "Nenets": "Postpositions", "Nuaulu": "Prepositions", "Nuer": "Prepositions", "Nunggubuyu": "No adpositions", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "Prepositions", "Nupe": "Prepositions", "Newar (Dolakha)": "Postpositions", "Nyimang": "Postpositions", "Nyangumarda": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Nyulnyul": "Inpositions", "Nzakara": "Prepositions", "Naga (Zeme)": "Postpositions", "Ogbronuagum": "Prepositions", "Obolo": "Prepositions", "Ocuilteco": "Prepositions", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "No adpositions", "Oksapmin": "Postpositions", "Olo": "Prepositions", "Ömie": "Postpositions", "Oneida": "No adpositions", "O'odham": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Emai": "Prepositions", "Oromo (Harar)": "Postpositions", "Orok": "Postpositions", "Orokaiva": "Postpositions", "Oromo (Waata)": "Postpositions", "Orya": "Postpositions", "Osage": "Postpositions", "Ossetic": "Postpositions", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Prepositions", "Owininga": "Postpositions", "Pa'a": "Prepositions", "Páez": "Postpositions", "Paiwan": "Prepositions", "Palauan": "Prepositions", "Panjabi": "Postpositions", "Päri": "Prepositions", "Patep": "Prepositions", "Paumarí": "Postpositions", "Pawaian": "Postpositions", "Folopa": "Postpositions", "Pero": "Prepositions", "Pilagá": "No adpositions", "Pipil": "Prepositions", "Pisa": "Postpositions", "Pitjantjatjara": "Postpositions", "Pokot": "Prepositions", "Palaung": "Prepositions", "Paulohi": "Prepositions", "Palikur": "Prepositions", "Pomo (Northern)": "Postpositions", "Paamese": "Prepositions", "Pangwa": "Prepositions", "Pangasinan": "Prepositions", "Paiute (Northern)": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Bunu (Younuo)": "No adpositions", "Panará": "Postpositions", "Podoko": "Prepositions", "Pogoro": "Prepositions", "Pohnpeian": "Prepositions", "Poko-Rawo": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Polish": "Prepositions", "Portuguese": "Prepositions", "Prasuni": "Postpositions", "Pare": "Prepositions", "Pirahã": "Postpositions", "Purki": "Postpositions", "Persian": "Prepositions", "Pashto": "Postpositions", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Prepositions", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Postpositions", "Port Sandwich": "Prepositions", "Pattani": "Postpositions", "Patwin": "Postpositions", "Puluwat": "Prepositions", "Pumi": "Postpositions", "Pungupungu": "Postpositions", "Puquina": "Postpositions", "Purépecha": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Qafar": "Postpositions", "Qawasqar": "Postpositions", "Quechua (Huallaga)": "Postpositions", "Qiang": "Postpositions", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Postpositions", "Sipakapense": "Prepositions", "Raga": "Prepositions", "Rama": "Postpositions", "Rapanui": "Prepositions", "Rawang": "Postpositions", "Remo": "Postpositions", "Resígaro": "Postpositions", "Retuarã": "Postpositions", "Ronga": "Prepositions", "Rikbaktsa": "Postpositions", "Runyankore": "Prepositions", "Romanian": "Prepositions", "Rotuman": "Prepositions", "Rukai (Tanan)": "Prepositions", "Rumu": "Postpositions", "Runga": "Postpositions", "Russian": "Prepositions", "Rutul": "Postpositions", "Romani (Welsh)": "Prepositions", "Shuri": "Postpositions", "Sa'a": "Prepositions", "Sahu": "Prepositions", "Sakao": "Prepositions", "Salinan": "Prepositions", "Samoan": "Prepositions", "Sango": "Prepositions", "Sare": "Postpositions", "Savi": "Postpositions", "Sáliba (in Colombia)": "Postpositions", "Serbian-Croatian": "Prepositions", "Sandawe": "Postpositions", "Sebei": "Prepositions", "Sedang": "Prepositions", "Selknam": "Postpositions", "Sema": "Postpositions", "Sena": "Prepositions", "Seri": "Postpositions", "Sesotho": "Prepositions", "Sougb": "Prepositions", "Songe": "Prepositions", "Sengele": "Prepositions", "Shabo": "Postpositions", "Sherpa": "Postpositions", "Sharanahua": "Postpositions", "Shiriana": "Postpositions", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Postpositions", "Shilluk": "Prepositions", "Shona": "Prepositions", "Shuswap": "Prepositions", "Shira Yughur": "Postpositions", "Sidaama": "Postpositions", "Simeulue": "Prepositions", "Sio": "Prepositions", "Siar": "Prepositions", "Sisiqa": "Prepositions", "Siuslaw": "No adpositions", "Sikkimese": "Postpositions", "Skou": "Postpositions", "Shekhawati": "Postpositions", "Slave": "Postpositions", "Saliba (in Papua New Guinea)": "Postpositions", "Samba Leko": "Postpositions", "Slovene": "Prepositions", "Selepet": "Postpositions", "Seme": "Postpositions", "Semelai": "Prepositions", "Seminole": "Postpositions", "Shina": "Postpositions", "Sinaugoro": "Postpositions", "Sinhala": "Postpositions", "Sanuma": "Postpositions", "Saami (Northern)": "Postpositions", "Sentani": "Postpositions", "So": "Prepositions", "Sobei": "Prepositions", "Soddo": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Somali": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Sonsorol-Tobi": "Prepositions", "Sora": "Postpositions", "Spanish": "Prepositions", "Squamish": "Prepositions", "Sorbian": "Prepositions", "Sarcee": "Postpositions", "Sre": "Prepositions", "Sirionó": "Postpositions", "Siroi": "Postpositions", "Santa": "Postpositions", "Stieng": "Prepositions", "Santali": "Postpositions", "Suena": "Postpositions", "Sulka": "Prepositions", "Sundanese": "Prepositions", "Supyire": "Postpositions", "Susu": "Postpositions", "Savosavo": "Postpositions", "Swahili": "Prepositions", "Swedish": "Prepositions", "Salt-Yui": "Postpositions", "Taba": "Prepositions", "Tacana": "Postpositions", "Tahitian": "Prepositions", "Tuareg (Air)": "Prepositions", "Tajik": "Prepositions", "Takia": "Postpositions", "Talinga": "Prepositions", "Tamang (Eastern)": "Postpositions", "Tariana": "Postpositions", "Tauya": "Postpositions", "Tawala": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Tabla": "Postpositions", "Tboli": "Prepositions", "Tobati": "Postpositions", "Tubu": "Postpositions", "Tabwa": "Prepositions", "Tangbe": "Postpositions", "Tarahumara (Central)": "Postpositions", "Tepehua (Huehuetla)": "Prepositions", "Telugu": "Postpositions", "Tennet": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Teop": "Prepositions", "Tepehua (Tlachichilco)": "Prepositions", "Tera": "Prepositions", "Teso": "Prepositions", "Tetela": "Prepositions", "Tuareg (Ghat)": "Prepositions", "Tigak": "Prepositions", "Tshangla": "Postpositions", "Tsogo": "Prepositions", "Tigré": "Prepositions", "Thai": "Prepositions", "Thadou": "Postpositions", "Thangmi": "Postpositions", "Thompson": "Prepositions", "Thulung": "Postpositions", "Kuuk Thaayorre": "Inpositions", "Tidore": "Prepositions", "Tigrinya": "Prepositions", "Timugon": "Prepositions", "Tinrin": "Prepositions", "Tiriyo": "Postpositions", "Tiv": "Prepositions", "Tiwi": "Prepositions", "Tiipay (Jamul)": "Postpositions", "Tokelauan": "Prepositions", "Takelma": "Postpositions", "Turkmen": "Postpositions", "Tolai": "Prepositions", "Telefol": "Postpositions", "Tlingit": "Postpositions", "Tobelo": "Prepositions", "Tlapanec": "Prepositions", "Talysh (Southern)": "Postpositions", "Tamil": "Postpositions", "Tibetan (Modern Literary)": "Postpositions", "Temiar": "Prepositions", "Turkana": "Prepositions", "Tanacross": "Postpositions", "Temne": "Prepositions", "Tongan": "Prepositions", "Tungak": "Prepositions", "Tunen": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Tondano": "Prepositions", "Tenyer": "Postpositions", "Tonkawa": "Postpositions", "Southern Toussian": "Postpositions", "Tepehuan (Northern)": "Postpositions", "Tupuri": "Prepositions", "Tepehuan (Southeastern)": "Postpositions", "Tapieté": "Prepositions", "Teribe": "Postpositions", "Trique (Copala)": "Prepositions", "Tirmaga": "Postpositions", "Ternate": "Prepositions", "Trumai": "Postpositions", "Torwali": "Postpositions", "Tsafiki": "Postpositions", "Tausug": "Prepositions", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "Inpositions", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Prepositions", "Tamashek": "Prepositions", "Tasmanian": "Postpositions", "Taushiro": "Postpositions", "Tsez": "Postpositions", "Tetun Dili": "Prepositions", "Tutelo": "Postpositions", "Tetun": "Prepositions", "Tati (Southern)": "Postpositions", "Tsova-Tush": "Postpositions", "Tucano": "Postpositions", "Tukang Besi": "Prepositions", "Tulu": "Postpositions", "Tunica": "Postpositions", "Turkish": "Postpositions", "Tuvan": "Postpositions", "Tuyuca": "Postpositions", "Tuvaluan": "Prepositions", "Tatar": "Postpositions", "Tutsa": "Postpositions", "Tarahumara (Western)": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Totonac (Xicotepec de Juárez)": "Prepositions", "Tzotzil": "Prepositions", "Tzutujil": "Prepositions", "Ubykh": "Postpositions", "Udihe": "Postpositions", "Udmurt": "Postpositions", "Ukrainian": "Prepositions", "Uldeme": "Prepositions", "Ulithian": "Prepositions", "Una": "Postpositions", "Ungarinjin": "Postpositions", "Urdu": "Postpositions", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Postpositions", "Urak Lawoi'": "Prepositions", "Urarina": "Postpositions", "Usan": "Postpositions", "Ute": "Postpositions", "Vafsi": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Vai": "Postpositions", "Vietnamese": "Prepositions", "Vili": "Prepositions", "Vinmavis": "Prepositions", "Votic": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Wahgi": "Postpositions", "Wai Wai": "Postpositions", "Wakhi": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Walman": "Postpositions", "Waorani": "Postpositions", "Wari'": "Prepositions", "Washo": "Postpositions", "Watjarri": "Postpositions", "Wayampi": "Postpositions", "Wambon": "Postpositions", "Wichí": "Prepositions", "Wedau": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Welsh": "Prepositions", "Wembawemba": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Wichita": "No adpositions", "Wirangu": "Postpositions", "Wiyot": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Wolof": "Prepositions", "Wolio": "Prepositions", "West Makian": "Prepositions", "Wambule": "Postpositions", "Wan": "Postpositions", "Woisika": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Woleaian": "Prepositions", "Worora": "Postpositions", "Warao": "Postpositions", "Wardaman": "Postpositions", "Warekena": "Prepositions", "Warembori": "Prepositions", "Warrwa": "Inpositions", "Waray (in Australia)": "Postpositions", "Waskia": "Postpositions", "Watam": "Postpositions", "Xârâcùù": "Prepositions", "Xasonga": "Postpositions", "Xavánte": "Postpositions", "Kombio": "Prepositions", "Xhosa": "Prepositions", "Kanashi": "Postpositions", "Yagua": "Postpositions", "Yahgan": "Postpositions", "Yale (Kosarek)": "Postpositions", "Yapese": "Prepositions", "Yaqui": "Postpositions", "Yareba": "Postpositions", "Yucuna": "Postpositions", "Yei": "Postpositions", "Yelî Dnye": "Postpositions", "Yagaria": "Postpositions", "Nuosu": "Postpositions", "Yidiny": "No adpositions", "Yimas": "Postpositions", "Yindjibarndi": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Yi (Wuding-Luquan)": "Postpositions", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Postpositions", "Yakut": "Postpositions", "Yelmek": "Postpositions", "Yokuts (Yaudanchi)": "Prepositions", "Yoruba": "Prepositions", "Yaqay": "Postpositions", "Yukaghir (Tundra)": "Postpositions", "Yuchi": "Postpositions", "Yulu": "Prepositions", "Yurok": "More than one adposition type with none dominant", "Yuwaalaraay": "No adpositions", "Yawuru": "Inpositions", "Beria": "Postpositions", "Zapotec (Isthmus)": "Prepositions", "Zande": "Prepositions", "Zapotec (Mitla)": "Prepositions", "Zarma": "Postpositions", "Zazaki": "Postpositions", "Zoque (Chimalapa)": "Postpositions", "Zenaga": "Prepositions", "Zhuang (Northern)": "Prepositions", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "No adpositions", "Popoluca (Sierra)": "Prepositions", "Zulu": "Prepositions", "Zuni": "Postpositions", "Zapotec (Yatzachi)": "Prepositions" }
86A
Order of Genitive and Noun
Word Order
What is the order of genitive and noun in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Genitive-noun; Noun-genitive; Both orders occur with neither order dominant
{ "Aari": "Genitive-noun", "Abau": "Genitive-noun", "Abipón": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Abkhaz": "Genitive-noun", "Arabana": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Arbore": "Noun-genitive", "Abun": "Genitive-noun", "Abui": "Genitive-noun", "Acehnese": "Noun-genitive", "Achagua": "Genitive-noun", "Acholi": "Noun-genitive", "Achang": "Genitive-noun", "Acoma": "Genitive-noun", "Achuar": "Genitive-noun", "Adang": "Genitive-noun", "Adioukrou": "Genitive-noun", "Andoke": "Genitive-noun", "Adynyamathanha": "Genitive-noun", "Adzera": "Genitive-noun", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Noun-genitive", "Agarabi": "Genitive-noun", "Leggbó": "Noun-genitive", "Agta (Central)": "Noun-genitive", "Agta (Dupaningan)": "Noun-genitive", "Aghem": "Noun-genitive", "Angami": "Genitive-noun", "Ainu": "Genitive-noun", "Aja": "Noun-genitive", "Ajagbe": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Akha": "Genitive-noun", "Akan": "Genitive-noun", "Alamblak": "Genitive-noun", "Albanian": "Noun-genitive", "Arop-Lokep": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Ala'ala": "Genitive-noun", "Alune": "Genitive-noun", "Alsea": "Genitive-noun", "Alyawarra": "Noun-genitive", "Ambulas": "Genitive-noun", "Amahuaca": "Genitive-noun", "Amele": "Genitive-noun", "Amharic": "Genitive-noun", "Amis": "Noun-genitive", "Ambae (Lolovoli Northeast)": "Noun-genitive", "Ama": "Genitive-noun", "Amanab": "Genitive-noun", "Ambai": "Genitive-noun", "Arabic (Moroccan)": "Noun-genitive", "Arabic (Modern Standard)": "Noun-genitive", "Amdo (Themchen)": "Genitive-noun", "Anamuxra": "Genitive-noun", "Araona": "Genitive-noun", "Angas": "Noun-genitive", "Anêm": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Anggor": "Genitive-noun", "//Ani": "Genitive-noun", "Anejom": "Noun-genitive", "Anindilyakwa": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Anong": "Genitive-noun", "Anufo": "Genitive-noun", "Anywa": "Noun-genitive", "Ao": "Genitive-noun", "Mufian": "Noun-genitive", "Apinayé": "Genitive-noun", "Apalaí": "Genitive-noun", "Apatani": "Genitive-noun", "Apurinã": "Genitive-noun", "Lokono": "Genitive-noun", "Archi": "Genitive-noun", "Arabic (Gulf)": "Noun-genitive", "Aribwatsa": "Genitive-noun", "Arabic (Kuwaiti)": "Noun-genitive", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Genitive-noun", "Arosi": "Noun-genitive", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Arabic (Iraqi)": "Noun-genitive", "Armenian (Western)": "Genitive-noun", "Asmat": "Genitive-noun", "Assamese": "Genitive-noun", "Arabic (Syrian)": "Noun-genitive", "Atayal": "Noun-genitive", "Athpare": "Genitive-noun", "Atakapa": "Genitive-noun", "Au": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Avar": "Genitive-noun", "Avokaya": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Awa": "Genitive-noun", "Arrernte (Western)": "Noun-genitive", "Aekyom": "Genitive-noun", "Awa Pit": "Genitive-noun", "Awtuw": "Genitive-noun", "Anyi": "Genitive-noun", "Aymara (Central)": "Genitive-noun", "Ayomán": "Genitive-noun", "Ayoreo": "Genitive-noun", "Ayiwo": "Noun-genitive", "Azerbaijani": "Genitive-noun", "Barai": "Genitive-noun", "Baré": "Genitive-noun", "Bagirmi": "Noun-genitive", "Bai": "Genitive-noun", "Bajau (Sama)": "Noun-genitive", "Baka (in Cameroon)": "Noun-genitive", "Bambara": "Genitive-noun", "Baure": "Noun-genitive", "Bari": "Noun-genitive", "Basaá": "Noun-genitive", "Bawm": "Genitive-noun", "Barambu": "Noun-genitive", "Bininj Gun-Wok": "Genitive-noun", "Berber (Chaouia)": "Noun-genitive", "Bella Coola": "Noun-genitive", "Badimaya": "Genitive-noun", "Budu": "Noun-genitive", "Beja": "Genitive-noun", "Belhare": "Genitive-noun", "Berber (Figuig)": "Noun-genitive", "Bafia": "Noun-genitive", "Benga": "Noun-genitive", "Bongo": "Noun-genitive", "Bagiro": "Noun-genitive", "Bhojpuri": "Genitive-noun", "Bhumij": "Genitive-noun", "Bidiya": "Noun-genitive", "Biri": "Genitive-noun", "Biak": "Genitive-noun", "Bilua": "Genitive-noun", "Binandere": "Genitive-noun", "Nai": "Genitive-noun", "Birom": "Noun-genitive", "Baka (in South Sudan)": "Noun-genitive", "Bikol": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Batak (Karo)": "Noun-genitive", "Brokskat": "Genitive-noun", "Bakueri": "Noun-genitive", "Blackfoot": "Genitive-noun", "Bilin": "Genitive-noun", "Belorussian": "Noun-genitive", "Biloxi": "Genitive-noun", "Balanta": "Noun-genitive", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Noun-genitive", "Bimoba": "Genitive-noun", "Bunuba": "Genitive-noun", "Bini": "Noun-genitive", "Bankon": "Noun-genitive", "Banoni": "Noun-genitive", "Bilinarra": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Bobangi": "Noun-genitive", "Bodo": "Genitive-noun", "Boko": "Genitive-noun", "Bolia": "Noun-genitive", "Bongu": "Genitive-noun", "Brao": "Noun-genitive", "Breton": "Noun-genitive", "Berber (Rif)": "Noun-genitive", "Bribri": "Genitive-noun", "Burmese": "Genitive-noun", "Burunge": "Noun-genitive", "Barupu": "Noun-genitive", "Bera": "Noun-genitive", "Barasano": "Genitive-noun", "Baruya": "Genitive-noun", "Bashkir": "Genitive-noun", "Basque": "Genitive-noun", "Basari": "Noun-genitive", "Bontok": "Noun-genitive", "Batak (Toba)": "Noun-genitive", "Buduma": "Noun-genitive", "Bugis": "Noun-genitive", "Bulgarian": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Buma": "Noun-genitive", "Burushaski": "Genitive-noun", "Busa": "Genitive-noun", "Buriat": "Genitive-noun", "Buru": "Genitive-noun", "Bulu": "Noun-genitive", "Bali-Vitu": "Noun-genitive", "Bajau (West Coast)": "Noun-genitive", "Byansi": "Genitive-noun", "Cahuilla": "Genitive-noun", "Chai": "Noun-genitive", "Cakchiquel": "Noun-genitive", "Candoshi": "Genitive-noun", "Carib": "Genitive-noun", "Cashibo": "Genitive-noun", "Cavineña": "Genitive-noun", "Campa (Axininca)": "Genitive-noun", "Cayapa": "Genitive-noun", "Chumash (Barbareño)": "Noun-genitive", "Chácobo": "Genitive-noun", "Chinantec (Comaltepec)": "Noun-genitive", "Choctaw": "Genitive-noun", "Carib (De'kwana)": "Genitive-noun", "Cebuano": "Noun-genitive", "Cèmuhî": "Noun-genitive", "Chamorro": "Noun-genitive", "Chechen": "Genitive-noun", "Cherokee": "Genitive-noun", "Chang": "Genitive-noun", "Chaha": "Genitive-noun", "Chimariko": "Genitive-noun", "Chuj": "Noun-genitive", "Chukchi": "Genitive-noun", "Chantyal": "Genitive-noun", "Chinantec (Quiotepec)": "Noun-genitive", "Chrau": "Noun-genitive", "Chin (Siyin)": "Genitive-noun", "Chuvash": "Genitive-noun", "Chontal (Huamelultec Oaxaca)": "Noun-genitive", "Chichewa": "Noun-genitive", "Chinook (Lower)": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Chaldean (Modern)": "Noun-genitive", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Noun-genitive", "Cholón": "Genitive-noun", "Cham (Eastern)": "Noun-genitive", "Chemehuevi": "Genitive-noun", "Camling": "Genitive-noun", "Comanche": "Genitive-noun", "Chin (Mara)": "Genitive-noun", "Comox": "Noun-genitive", "Chontal Maya": "Noun-genitive", "Canela": "Genitive-noun", "Canamarí": "Genitive-noun", "Cantonese": "Genitive-noun", "Coahuilteco": "Genitive-noun", "Cocama": "Genitive-noun", "Coos (Hanis)": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Coptic": "Noun-genitive", "Cora": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Rumsien": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Chinantec (Palantla)": "Noun-genitive", "Chepang": "Genitive-noun", "Chipaya": "Genitive-noun", "Chiquitano": "Noun-genitive", "Cornish": "Noun-genitive", "Crow": "Genitive-noun", "Chatino (Sierra Occidental)": "Noun-genitive", "Chin (Tiddim)": "Genitive-noun", "Catalan": "Noun-genitive", "Chitimacha": "Genitive-noun", "Catawba": "Genitive-noun", "Cubeo": "Genitive-noun", "Cupeño": "Genitive-noun", "Chatino (Yaitepec)": "Noun-genitive", "Cayuvava": "Noun-genitive", "Czech": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Daga": "Genitive-noun", "Dan": "Genitive-noun", "Dâw": "Genitive-noun", "Day": "Noun-genitive", "Donno So": "Genitive-noun", "Dla (Proper)": "Genitive-noun", "Desano": "Genitive-noun", "Dagaare": "Genitive-noun", "Dagbani": "Genitive-noun", "Dongo": "Noun-genitive", "Dagur": "Genitive-noun", "Dhaasanac": "Genitive-noun", "Dharumbal": "Genitive-noun", "Dhivehi": "Genitive-noun", "Dhimal": "Genitive-noun", "Didinga": "Noun-genitive", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "Genitive-noun", "Digaro": "Genitive-noun", "Dinka": "Noun-genitive", "Diola-Fogny": "Noun-genitive", "Diyari": "Genitive-noun", "Djingili": "Noun-genitive", "Djambarrpuyngu": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Djinang": "Genitive-noun", "Djapu": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Dla (Menggwa)": "Genitive-noun", "Dumi": "Genitive-noun", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Genitive-noun", "Domari": "Genitive-noun", "Doyayo": "Genitive-noun", "Drehu": "Noun-genitive", "Dargwa": "Genitive-noun", "Darma": "Genitive-noun", "Danish": "Genitive-noun", "Duala": "Noun-genitive", "Duka": "Noun-genitive", "Dulong": "Genitive-noun", "Dumo": "Genitive-noun", "Duna": "Genitive-noun", "Dutch": "Noun-genitive", "Dyirbal": "Genitive-noun", "Edolo": "Genitive-noun", "Ega": "Genitive-noun", "Engenni": "Noun-genitive", "Eipo": "Genitive-noun", "Emberá (Northern)": "Genitive-noun", "Émérillon": "Genitive-noun", "English": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Enggano": "Noun-genitive", "Epena Pedee": "Genitive-noun", "Efate (South)": "Noun-genitive", "Erromangan": "Noun-genitive", "Ese Ejja": "Genitive-noun", "Esmeraldeño": "Noun-genitive", "Estonian": "Genitive-noun", "Eudeve": "Genitive-noun", "Evenki": "Genitive-noun", "Ewe": "Genitive-noun", "Ewondo": "Noun-genitive", "Fasu": "Genitive-noun", "Fijian": "Noun-genitive", "Finnish": "Genitive-noun", "Fongbe": "Noun-genitive", "Fore": "Genitive-noun", "Momu": "Genitive-noun", "French": "Noun-genitive", "Frisian": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Fulfulde (Adamawa)": "Noun-genitive", "Fulniô": "Genitive-noun", "Fur": "Genitive-noun", "Futuna-Aniwa": "Noun-genitive", "Fyem": "Noun-genitive", "Gã": "Genitive-noun", "Gaelic (Scots)": "Noun-genitive", "Gamo": "Genitive-noun", "Great Andamanese": "Genitive-noun", "Gapapaiwa": "Genitive-noun", "Garo": "Genitive-noun", "Gavião": "Genitive-noun", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "Noun-genitive", "Gbaya (Southwest)": "Noun-genitive", "Gadsup": "Genitive-noun", "Gela": "Noun-genitive", "Georgian": "Genitive-noun", "German": "Noun-genitive", "Guajajara": "Genitive-noun", "Gününa Küne": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Golin": "Genitive-noun", "Gumawana": "Genitive-noun", "Gumuz": "Noun-genitive", "Ga'anda": "Noun-genitive", "Gunin": "Genitive-noun", "Goajiro": "Noun-genitive", "Godoberi": "Genitive-noun", "Goemai": "Noun-genitive", "Gokana": "Noun-genitive", "Gondi": "Genitive-noun", "Gooniyandi": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Grebo": "Genitive-noun", "Garífuna": "Noun-genitive", "Guarijío": "Genitive-noun", "Greek (Modern)": "Noun-genitive", "Garrwa": "Genitive-noun", "Greenlandic (West)": "Genitive-noun", "Guató": "Noun-genitive", "Guaraní": "Genitive-noun", "Gude": "Noun-genitive", "Gula (in Central African Republic)": "Noun-genitive", "Gumbaynggir": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Gurung": "Genitive-noun", "Guugu Yimidhirr": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Gungbe": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Gwari": "Genitive-noun", "Gworok": "Noun-genitive", "Gyarong (Cogtse)": "Genitive-noun", "Haida": "Genitive-noun", "Halia": "Noun-genitive", "Haruai": "Genitive-noun", "Hatam": "Genitive-noun", "Hausa": "Noun-genitive", "Hawaiian": "Noun-genitive", "Hayu": "Genitive-noun", "Hdi": "Noun-genitive", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Noun-genitive", "Heiltsuk": "Noun-genitive", "Hanga Hundi": "Genitive-noun", "Hidatsa": "Genitive-noun", "Hiligaynon": "Noun-genitive", "Hindi": "Genitive-noun", "Hixkaryana": "Genitive-noun", "Hmar": "Genitive-noun", "Hmong Njua": "Genitive-noun", "Mina": "Noun-genitive", "Hunde": "Noun-genitive", "Ho": "Genitive-noun", "Hoava": "Noun-genitive", "Hopi": "Genitive-noun", "Hup": "Genitive-noun", "Huastec": "Noun-genitive", "Hua": "Genitive-noun", "=|Hoan": "Genitive-noun", "Huichol": "Genitive-noun", "Huitoto (Murui)": "Genitive-noun", "Hungarian": "Genitive-noun", "Hupa": "Genitive-noun", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "Noun-genitive", "Hunzib": "Genitive-noun", "Iaai": "Noun-genitive", "Iau": "Genitive-noun", "Iban": "Noun-genitive", "Icelandic": "Noun-genitive", "Iduna": "Genitive-noun", "Ifumu": "Noun-genitive", "Ifugao (Batad)": "Noun-genitive", "Igbo": "Noun-genitive", "Ignaciano": "Noun-genitive", "Ingessana": "Noun-genitive", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "Genitive-noun", "Ik": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Ika": "Genitive-noun", "Ila": "Noun-genitive", "Imonda": "Genitive-noun", "Inanwatan": "Genitive-noun", "Indonesian": "Noun-genitive", "Ingush": "Genitive-noun", "Iquito": "Genitive-noun", "Irish": "Noun-genitive", "Iraqw": "Noun-genitive", "Irarutu": "Genitive-noun", "Iranxe": "Genitive-noun", "I'saka": "Noun-genitive", "Italian": "Noun-genitive", "Itelmen": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Itonama": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Iwaidja": "Genitive-noun", "Izi": "Noun-genitive", "Jabêm": "Genitive-noun", "Jakaltek": "Noun-genitive", "Jaqaru": "Genitive-noun", "Izere": "Noun-genitive", "Jebero": "Noun-genitive", "Jeli": "Genitive-noun", "Jivaro": "Genitive-noun", "Luwo": "Noun-genitive", "Jur Mödö": "Noun-genitive", "Jamsay": "Genitive-noun", "Jingpho": "Genitive-noun", "Japanese": "Genitive-noun", "Ju|'hoan": "Genitive-noun", "Jukun": "Noun-genitive", "Karajá": "Genitive-noun", "Karó (Arára)": "Genitive-noun", "Kabardian": "Genitive-noun", "Kadugli": "Noun-genitive", "Kaki Ae": "Genitive-noun", "Kana": "Noun-genitive", "Kara (in Central African Republic)": "Noun-genitive", "Kashmiri": "Genitive-noun", "Kaulong": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Kayardild": "Genitive-noun", "Kamba": "Noun-genitive", "Kabyle": "Noun-genitive", "Kabatei": "Genitive-noun", "Kanembu": "Noun-genitive", "Karen (Bwe)": "Genitive-noun", "Kabiyé": "Genitive-noun", "Koyra Chiini": "Genitive-noun", "Kadiwéu": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Kadazan": "Noun-genitive", "Kele": "Noun-genitive", "Kemant": "Genitive-noun", "Kenga": "Noun-genitive", "Kera": "Noun-genitive", "Ket": "Genitive-noun", "Kewa": "Genitive-noun", "Koromfe": "Genitive-noun", "Kinga": "Noun-genitive", "Kalkatungu": "Genitive-noun", "Kyirong": "Genitive-noun", "Khalkha": "Genitive-noun", "Kham (Dege)": "Genitive-noun", "Khaling": "Genitive-noun", "Khinalug": "Genitive-noun", "Khalaj": "Genitive-noun", "Khmer": "Noun-genitive", "Nama": "Genitive-noun", "Khasi": "Noun-genitive", "Khowar": "Genitive-noun", "Kikuyu": "Noun-genitive", "Kimaghama": "Genitive-noun", "Kiowa": "Genitive-noun", "Kirma": "Genitive-noun", "Kisi": "Noun-genitive", "Kiwai (Southern)": "Genitive-noun", "Koreguaje": "Genitive-noun", "Karakalpak": "Genitive-noun", "Kuikúro": "Genitive-noun", "Kokota": "Noun-genitive", "Korku": "Genitive-noun", "Lusi": "Genitive-noun", "Klao": "Genitive-noun", "Kulung": "Genitive-noun", "Kaluli": "Genitive-noun", "Klamath": "Genitive-noun", "Kalam": "Genitive-noun", "Koluri": "Genitive-noun", "Kalispel": "Noun-genitive", "Kilivila": "Genitive-noun", "Kamaiurá": "Genitive-noun", "Kombai": "Genitive-noun", "Kham": "Genitive-noun", "Karimojong": "Noun-genitive", "Kalmyk": "Genitive-noun", "Koiali (Mountain)": "Genitive-noun", "Kunimaipa": "Genitive-noun", "Kamoro": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Kamass": "Genitive-noun", "Khmu'": "Noun-genitive", "Kamasau": "Genitive-noun", "Kanum (Bädi)": "Genitive-noun", "Kugu Nganhcara": "Noun-genitive", "Kannada": "Genitive-noun", "Kaingang": "Genitive-noun", "Konni": "Genitive-noun", "Kanakuru": "Noun-genitive", "Kunama": "Genitive-noun", "Kinnauri": "Genitive-noun", "Kanoê": "Genitive-noun", "Kanuri": "Noun-genitive", "Konkow": "Genitive-noun", "Kham (Tibetan) (Nangchen)": "Genitive-noun", "Koasati": "Genitive-noun", "Kobon": "Genitive-noun", "Koegu": "Noun-genitive", "Kokborok": "Genitive-noun", "Kolami": "Genitive-noun", "Komo": "Noun-genitive", "Kongo": "Noun-genitive", "Komi-Permyak": "Genitive-noun", "Korean": "Genitive-noun", "Kosraean": "Noun-genitive", "Koya": "Genitive-noun", "Kpelle": "Genitive-noun", "Kapampangan": "Noun-genitive", "Karen (Pwo)": "Genitive-noun", "Krenak": "Genitive-noun", "Kiribati": "Noun-genitive", "Karachay-Balkar": "Genitive-noun", "Kurdish (Central)": "Noun-genitive", "Kresh": "Noun-genitive", "Kipea": "Noun-genitive", "Karadjeri": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Karok": "Genitive-noun", "Korana": "Genitive-noun", "Krongo": "Noun-genitive", "Kairiru": "Noun-genitive", "Korowai": "Genitive-noun", "Koryak": "Genitive-noun", "Kryz": "Genitive-noun", "Keresan (Santa Ana)": "Genitive-noun", "Koyraboro Senni": "Genitive-noun", "Karen (Sgaw)": "Genitive-noun", "Koita": "Genitive-noun", "Katcha": "Noun-genitive", "Kati (in West Papua, Indonesia)": "Genitive-noun", "Katla": "Noun-genitive", "Katu": "Noun-genitive", "Khanty": "Genitive-noun", "Kumauni": "Genitive-noun", "Kuna": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Kuot": "Noun-genitive", "Kutenai": "Noun-genitive", "Kuvi": "Genitive-noun", "Kwakw'ala": "Noun-genitive", "Kwami": "Noun-genitive", "Kwangali": "Noun-genitive", "Kwoma": "Genitive-noun", "Kawaiisu": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Kwomtari": "Genitive-noun", "Kwaza": "Genitive-noun", "Kxoe": "Genitive-noun", "Kuku-Yalanji": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "Genitive-noun", "Koyukon": "Genitive-noun", "Kanyok": "Noun-genitive", "Karkar-Yuri": "Genitive-noun", "Kayabí": "Genitive-noun", "Komi-Zyrian": "Genitive-noun", "Laal": "Noun-genitive", "Labu": "Genitive-noun", "Lacandón": "Noun-genitive", "Ladakhi": "Genitive-noun", "Lafofa": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Lagwan": "Noun-genitive", "Lahu": "Genitive-noun", "Lai": "Genitive-noun", "Lalo": "Genitive-noun", "Lango": "Noun-genitive", "Lao": "Noun-genitive", "Laragia": "Noun-genitive", "Latvian": "Genitive-noun", "Lavukaleve": "Genitive-noun", "Lunda": "Noun-genitive", "Luganda": "Noun-genitive", "Londo": "Noun-genitive", "Lendu": "Genitive-noun", "Lele": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Lenakel": "Noun-genitive", "Lepcha": "Genitive-noun", "Lese": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Leti": "Genitive-noun", "Lewo": "Noun-genitive", "Lezgian": "Genitive-noun", "Langi": "Noun-genitive", "Logoti": "Genitive-noun", "Longgu": "Noun-genitive", "Lillooet": "Noun-genitive", "Limbu": "Genitive-noun", "Lingala": "Noun-genitive", "Lisu": "Genitive-noun", "Lithuanian": "Genitive-noun", "Lakhota": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Lelemi": "Genitive-noun", "Lamba": "Noun-genitive", "Lamang": "Noun-genitive", "Lamaholot": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Lamani": "Genitive-noun", "Lampung": "Noun-genitive", "Lamen": "Noun-genitive", "Linda": "Noun-genitive", "Lengua": "Genitive-noun", "Loniu": "Noun-genitive", "Lotha": "Genitive-noun", "Lou": "Noun-genitive", "Lugbara": "Genitive-noun", "Luiseño": "Genitive-noun", "Lule": "Genitive-noun", "Luo": "Noun-genitive", "Luvale": "Noun-genitive", "Ma": "Noun-genitive", "Maasai": "Noun-genitive", "Maba": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Macushi": "Genitive-noun", "Ma'di": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Mae": "Noun-genitive", "Magar": "Genitive-noun", "Majang": "Noun-genitive", "Makah": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Malagasy": "Noun-genitive", "Mam": "Noun-genitive", "Mano": "Genitive-noun", "Maori": "Noun-genitive", "Mapudungun": "Genitive-noun", "Maricopa": "Genitive-noun", "Masa": "Noun-genitive", "Maung": "Genitive-noun", "Maninka (Western)": "Genitive-noun", "Maybrat": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Mba": "Genitive-noun", "Mbole": "Noun-genitive", "Mbum": "Noun-genitive", "Monumbo": "Genitive-noun", "Mbara": "Noun-genitive", "Mangbetu": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Mbay": "Noun-genitive", "Mochica": "Genitive-noun", "Macedonian": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Machiguenga": "Noun-genitive", "Mixe (Coatlán)": "Genitive-noun", "Mocoví": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Mada (in Cameroon)": "Noun-genitive", "Mende": "Genitive-noun", "Mundang": "Noun-genitive", "Madimadi": "Genitive-noun", "Mandan": "Genitive-noun", "Mbodomo": "Noun-genitive", "Mbosi": "Noun-genitive", "Meyah": "Genitive-noun", "Me'en": "Noun-genitive", "Mehri": "Noun-genitive", "Meithei": "Genitive-noun", "Mekens": "Genitive-noun", "Menomini": "Genitive-noun", "Meryam Mir": "Genitive-noun", "Menya": "Genitive-noun", "Mondunga": "Noun-genitive", "Mangghuer": "Genitive-noun", "Mongo": "Noun-genitive", "Mango": "Noun-genitive", "Musgu": "Noun-genitive", "Marathi": "Genitive-noun", "Mien": "Genitive-noun", "Miisiirii": "Genitive-noun", "Mikir": "Genitive-noun", "Minangkabau": "Noun-genitive", "Miskito": "Genitive-noun", "Miya": "Noun-genitive", "Mizo": "Genitive-noun", "Mauka": "Genitive-noun", "Mekeo": "Genitive-noun", "Mandinka (Gambian)": "Genitive-noun", "Makasae": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Maklew": "Genitive-noun", "Maranungku": "Genitive-noun", "Mambila": "Noun-genitive", "Malgwa": "Noun-genitive", "Malakmalak": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Mlabri (Minor)": "Genitive-noun", "Maleu": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Mangap-Mbula": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Mari (Meadow)": "Genitive-noun", "Mamanwa": "Noun-genitive", "Mamvu": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Muna": "Noun-genitive", "Mandarin": "Genitive-noun", "Maidu (Northeast)": "Genitive-noun", "Manggarai": "Noun-genitive", "Moni": "Genitive-noun", "Manam": "Noun-genitive", "Mono (in United States)": "Genitive-noun", "Mansi": "Genitive-noun", "Mentawai": "Noun-genitive", "Minaveha": "Genitive-noun", "Margany": "Genitive-noun", "Munzombo": "Noun-genitive", "Mono-Alu": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Mofu-Gudur": "Noun-genitive", "Mohawk": "Genitive-noun", "Mokilese": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Mombum": "Genitive-noun", "Mon": "Noun-genitive", "Mooré": "Genitive-noun", "Mor": "Genitive-noun", "Mosetén": "Genitive-noun", "Motuna": "Genitive-noun", "Moru": "Noun-genitive", "Murrinh-Patha": "Noun-genitive", "Maipure": "Genitive-noun", "Mian": "Genitive-noun", "Mara": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Marind": "Genitive-noun", "Margi": "Noun-genitive", "Moraori": "Genitive-noun", "Murle": "Noun-genitive", "Moro": "Noun-genitive", "Marquesan": "Noun-genitive", "Maringarr": "Genitive-noun", "Martuthunira": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Maru": "Genitive-noun", "Muruwari": "Genitive-noun", "Muisca": "Genitive-noun", "Mising": "Genitive-noun", "Masakin": "Noun-genitive", "Masalit": "Noun-genitive", "Maisin": "Genitive-noun", "Musqueam": "Noun-genitive", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Matuumbi": "Noun-genitive", "Matis": "Genitive-noun", "Massachusett": "Noun-genitive", "Motu": "Genitive-noun", "Makua": "Noun-genitive", "Mundani": "Noun-genitive", "Mumuye": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Mundari": "Genitive-noun", "Mupun": "Noun-genitive", "Mursi": "Noun-genitive", "Mussau": "Noun-genitive", "Mutsun": "Genitive-noun", "Manobo (Western Bukidnon)": "Noun-genitive", "Mwera": "Noun-genitive", "Mixtec (Atatlahuca)": "Noun-genitive", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Noun-genitive", "Ifira-Mele": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Mixtec (Ocotepec)": "Noun-genitive", "Mixtec (Peñoles)": "Noun-genitive", "Mixe (Ayutla)": "Genitive-noun", "Mixtec (Yosondúa)": "Noun-genitive", "Mayogo": "Noun-genitive", "Mangarrayi": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Malayalam": "Genitive-noun", "Ma'anyan": "Noun-genitive", "Matsés": "Genitive-noun", "Nabak": "Genitive-noun", "Nadëb": "Genitive-noun", "Neo-Aramaic (Arbel Jewish)": "Noun-genitive", "Nakanai": "Noun-genitive", "Namia": "Genitive-noun", "Nandi": "Noun-genitive", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "Genitive-noun", "Nasioi": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Navajo": "Genitive-noun", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Genitive-noun", "Ngäbere": "Genitive-noun", "Nicobarese (Car)": "Noun-genitive", "Ncàm": "Genitive-noun", "Ndebele": "Noun-genitive", "Nande": "Noun-genitive", "Ngbandi": "Noun-genitive", "Ndonga": "Noun-genitive", "Nadroga": "Noun-genitive", "Ndut": "Noun-genitive", "Ndumu": "Noun-genitive", "Ndyuka": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Nehan": "Noun-genitive", "Nepali": "Genitive-noun", "Nevome": "Genitive-noun", "Newari (Kathmandu)": "Genitive-noun", "Neyo": "Genitive-noun", "Nez Perce": "Genitive-noun", "Ngbaka (Minagende)": "Noun-genitive", "Ngad'a": "Noun-genitive", "Ngiyambaa": "Genitive-noun", "Ngalakan": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Ngambay": "Noun-genitive", "Ngandi": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Ngoni": "Noun-genitive", "Naga (Tangkhul)": "Genitive-noun", "Nguna": "Noun-genitive", "Ngizim": "Noun-genitive", "Nahuatl (Huasteca)": "Noun-genitive", "Nahuatl (Michoacán)": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Noun-genitive", "Nias": "Noun-genitive", "Nyishi": "Genitive-noun", "Niuean": "Noun-genitive", "Nivkh": "Genitive-noun", "Ngalkbun": "Noun-genitive", "Nkonya": "Genitive-noun", "Nkore-Kiga": "Noun-genitive", "Nubian (Kunuz)": "Genitive-noun", "Naga (Mao)": "Genitive-noun", "Nancowry": "Noun-genitive", "Nend": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Nengone": "Noun-genitive", "Nyanga": "Noun-genitive", "Nankina": "Genitive-noun", "Nocte": "Genitive-noun", "Noni": "Noun-genitive", "Noon": "Noun-genitive", "Norwegian": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Nar-Phu": "Genitive-noun", "Nanerge": "Genitive-noun", "Nisgha": "Noun-genitive", "Nisenan": "Genitive-noun", "Ngiti": "Genitive-noun", "Ngaanyatjarra": "Genitive-noun", "Nenets": "Genitive-noun", "Nuaulu": "Genitive-noun", "Nuer": "Noun-genitive", "Nunggubuyu": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "Noun-genitive", "Nupe": "Noun-genitive", "Newar (Dolakha)": "Genitive-noun", "Nyimang": "Genitive-noun", "Nyamwezi": "Noun-genitive", "Nyigina": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Nzakara": "Noun-genitive", "Obolo": "Noun-genitive", "Ocuilteco": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "Genitive-noun", "Oksapmin": "Genitive-noun", "Olo": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Omaha": "Genitive-noun", "Ömie": "Genitive-noun", "Oneida": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "One": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Onge": "Genitive-noun", "O'odham": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Ordos": "Genitive-noun", "Oromo (Harar)": "Noun-genitive", "Orig": "Noun-genitive", "Orok": "Genitive-noun", "Orokaiva": "Genitive-noun", "Oromo (Waata)": "Noun-genitive", "Orya": "Genitive-noun", "Osage": "Genitive-noun", "Ossetic": "Genitive-noun", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Noun-genitive", "Otoro": "Noun-genitive", "Owininga": "Genitive-noun", "Pa'a": "Noun-genitive", "Páez": "Genitive-noun", "Paiwan": "Noun-genitive", "Palauan": "Noun-genitive", "Panjabi": "Genitive-noun", "Päri": "Noun-genitive", "Patep": "Genitive-noun", "Paumarí": "Genitive-noun", "Pima Bajo": "Genitive-noun", "Folopa": "Genitive-noun", "Pero": "Noun-genitive", "Pilagá": "Noun-genitive", "Piaroa": "Genitive-noun", "Pipil": "Noun-genitive", "Piro": "Genitive-noun", "Pisa": "Genitive-noun", "Pitjantjatjara": "Genitive-noun", "Pokot": "Noun-genitive", "Palaung": "Noun-genitive", "Paulohi": "Genitive-noun", "Palikur": "Genitive-noun", "Pomo (Eastern)": "Genitive-noun", "Pomo (Northern)": "Genitive-noun", "Paamese": "Noun-genitive", "Pangasinan": "Noun-genitive", "Paiute (Northern)": "Genitive-noun", "Bunu (Younuo)": "Genitive-noun", "Panará": "Genitive-noun", "Panyjima": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Podoko": "Noun-genitive", "Pohnpeian": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Poko-Rawo": "Genitive-noun", "Polish": "Noun-genitive", "Portuguese": "Noun-genitive", "Piapoco": "Genitive-noun", "Pitta Pitta": "Genitive-noun", "Prasuni": "Genitive-noun", "Pare": "Noun-genitive", "Pirahã": "Genitive-noun", "Persian": "Noun-genitive", "Pashto": "Genitive-noun", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Genitive-noun", "Port Sandwich": "Noun-genitive", "Pattani": "Genitive-noun", "Puluwat": "Genitive-noun", "Pumi": "Genitive-noun", "Pungupungu": "Genitive-noun", "Purépecha": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Pawnee": "Genitive-noun", "Qafar": "Genitive-noun", "Qawasqar": "Genitive-noun", "Quechua (Huallaga)": "Genitive-noun", "Qiang": "Genitive-noun", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Genitive-noun", "Quileute": "Noun-genitive", "Sipakapense": "Noun-genitive", "Raga": "Noun-genitive", "Ralte": "Genitive-noun", "Rama": "Genitive-noun", "Rao": "Genitive-noun", "Rapanui": "Noun-genitive", "Rashad": "Noun-genitive", "Rawang": "Genitive-noun", "Remo": "Genitive-noun", "Resígaro": "Genitive-noun", "Retuarã": "Genitive-noun", "Ronga": "Noun-genitive", "rGyalrong (Caodeng)": "Genitive-noun", "Runyankore": "Noun-genitive", "Romanian": "Noun-genitive", "Ron": "Noun-genitive", "Rotuman": "Noun-genitive", "Roviana": "Noun-genitive", "Romansch (Sursilvan)": "Noun-genitive", "Rukai (Tanan)": "Noun-genitive", "Rumu": "Genitive-noun", "Runga": "Genitive-noun", "Russian": "Noun-genitive", "Rutul": "Genitive-noun", "Romani (Welsh)": "Genitive-noun", "Sa'a": "Noun-genitive", "Sahu": "Genitive-noun", "Sakao": "Noun-genitive", "Salinan": "Noun-genitive", "Samoan": "Noun-genitive", "Sango": "Noun-genitive", "Sare": "Genitive-noun", "Savi": "Genitive-noun", "Serbian-Croatian": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Sandawe": "Genitive-noun", "Sebei": "Noun-genitive", "Secoya": "Genitive-noun", "Sedang": "Noun-genitive", "Seediq": "Noun-genitive", "Sema": "Genitive-noun", "Seri": "Genitive-noun", "Sesotho": "Noun-genitive", "Sougb": "Genitive-noun", "Sangu": "Noun-genitive", "Shan": "Noun-genitive", "Sherpa": "Genitive-noun", "Shiriana": "Genitive-noun", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Genitive-noun", "Shilluk": "Noun-genitive", "Shona": "Noun-genitive", "Shatt": "Noun-genitive", "Shuswap": "Noun-genitive", "Siane": "Genitive-noun", "Sidaama": "Genitive-noun", "Sila": "Noun-genitive", "Simeulue": "Noun-genitive", "Siona": "Genitive-noun", "Sio": "Genitive-noun", "Siar": "Noun-genitive", "Sisiqa": "Noun-genitive", "Siuslaw": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Sikkimese": "Genitive-noun", "Skou": "Genitive-noun", "Selkup": "Genitive-noun", "Slave": "Genitive-noun", "Saliba (in Papua New Guinea)": "Genitive-noun", "Samba Leko": "Genitive-noun", "Slovene": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Selepet": "Genitive-noun", "Seme": "Genitive-noun", "Semelai": "Noun-genitive", "Seminole": "Genitive-noun", "Shina": "Genitive-noun", "Sinaugoro": "Genitive-noun", "Sanuma": "Genitive-noun", "Saami (Northern)": "Genitive-noun", "Sentani": "Genitive-noun", "So": "Noun-genitive", "Sobei": "Genitive-noun", "Soddo": "Genitive-noun", "Somali": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Sonsorol-Tobi": "Noun-genitive", "Spanish": "Noun-genitive", "Squamish": "Noun-genitive", "Sarcee": "Genitive-noun", "Sre": "Noun-genitive", "Sirionó": "Genitive-noun", "Siroi": "Genitive-noun", "Santa": "Genitive-noun", "Stieng": "Noun-genitive", "Santali": "Genitive-noun", "Sotho (Northern)": "Noun-genitive", "Sudest": "Genitive-noun", "Suena": "Genitive-noun", "Sungor": "Genitive-noun", "Suki": "Genitive-noun", "Sulka": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Sundanese": "Noun-genitive", "Supyire": "Genitive-noun", "Susu": "Genitive-noun", "Savosavo": "Genitive-noun", "Swahili": "Noun-genitive", "Swedish": "Genitive-noun", "Swati": "Noun-genitive", "Taba": "Genitive-noun", "Tacana": "Genitive-noun", "Taiof": "Noun-genitive", "Tagalog": "Noun-genitive", "Tahitian": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Tuareg (Air)": "Noun-genitive", "Tajik": "Noun-genitive", "Takia": "Genitive-noun", "Tamang (Eastern)": "Genitive-noun", "Tariana": "Genitive-noun", "Tashlhiyt": "Noun-genitive", "Tatana'": "Noun-genitive", "Tauya": "Genitive-noun", "Tawala": "Genitive-noun", "Tabare": "Genitive-noun", "Tboli": "Noun-genitive", "Tobati": "Genitive-noun", "Tubu": "Noun-genitive", "Tabwa": "Noun-genitive", "Tibetan (Dingri)": "Genitive-noun", "Tepehua (Huehuetla)": "Noun-genitive", "Telugu": "Genitive-noun", "Tennet": "Noun-genitive", "Teop": "Noun-genitive", "Tepehua (Tlachichilco)": "Noun-genitive", "Tera": "Noun-genitive", "Teso": "Noun-genitive", "Tetela": "Noun-genitive", "Tuareg (Ghat)": "Noun-genitive", "Tigak": "Noun-genitive", "Tshangla": "Genitive-noun", "Tugun": "Genitive-noun", "Tigré": "Noun-genitive", "Thai": "Noun-genitive", "Thakali": "Genitive-noun", "Thangmi": "Genitive-noun", "Thompson": "Genitive-noun", "Thulung": "Genitive-noun", "Kuuk Thaayorre": "Noun-genitive", "Tima": "Noun-genitive", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "Genitive-noun", "Ticuna": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Tidore": "Genitive-noun", "Tigrinya": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Tikar": "Noun-genitive", "Timugon": "Noun-genitive", "Tinrin": "Noun-genitive", "Tiriyo": "Genitive-noun", "Tibetan (Shigatse)": "Genitive-noun", "Tiv": "Noun-genitive", "Tiwi": "Genitive-noun", "Tiipay (Jamul)": "Genitive-noun", "Takelma": "Genitive-noun", "Turkmen": "Genitive-noun", "Tolai": "Noun-genitive", "Telefol": "Genitive-noun", "Tlingit": "Genitive-noun", "Tobelo": "Genitive-noun", "Tlapanec": "Noun-genitive", "Talysh (Southern)": "Genitive-noun", "Tama": "Genitive-noun", "Tamil": "Genitive-noun", "Tamabo": "Noun-genitive", "Temein": "Noun-genitive", "Tibetan (Modern Literary)": "Genitive-noun", "Turkana": "Noun-genitive", "Tunebo": "Genitive-noun", "Tanacross": "Genitive-noun", "Temne": "Noun-genitive", "Tongan": "Noun-genitive", "Tungak": "Noun-genitive", "Tunen": "Noun-genitive", "Tondano": "Noun-genitive", "Toba": "Noun-genitive", "Tonkawa": "Genitive-noun", "Southern Toussian": "Genitive-noun", "Tonga (in Zambia)": "Noun-genitive", "Tepehuan (Northern)": "Genitive-noun", "Tapieté": "Genitive-noun", "Teribe": "Genitive-noun", "Trique (Copala)": "Noun-genitive", "Tairora": "Genitive-noun", "Ternate": "Genitive-noun", "Trumai": "Genitive-noun", "Torwali": "Genitive-noun", "Tsafiki": "Genitive-noun", "Tausug": "Noun-genitive", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "Genitive-noun", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Noun-genitive", "Tamashek": "Noun-genitive", "Tasmanian": "Genitive-noun", "Tsez": "Genitive-noun", "Tetun Dili": "Genitive-noun", "Tutelo": "Genitive-noun", "Tetun": "Genitive-noun", "Tati (Southern)": "Genitive-noun", "Tsova-Tush": "Genitive-noun", "Tukang Besi": "Noun-genitive", "Tulu": "Genitive-noun", "Tunica": "Genitive-noun", "Turkish": "Genitive-noun", "Tuvan": "Genitive-noun", "Tuvaluan": "Noun-genitive", "Tatar": "Genitive-noun", "Tarahumara (Western)": "Genitive-noun", "Totonac (Xicotepec de Juárez)": "Noun-genitive", "Tyeraity": "Genitive-noun", "Tzotzil": "Noun-genitive", "Tzutujil": "Noun-genitive", "Ubykh": "Genitive-noun", "Udihe": "Genitive-noun", "Udmurt": "Genitive-noun", "Uradhi": "Genitive-noun", "Uldeme": "Noun-genitive", "Ulithian": "Genitive-noun", "Una": "Genitive-noun", "Ungarinjin": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Ura": "Noun-genitive", "Urdu": "Genitive-noun", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Genitive-noun", "Urak Lawoi'": "Noun-genitive", "Urarina": "Genitive-noun", "Urat": "Noun-genitive", "Usan": "Genitive-noun", "Usarufa": "Genitive-noun", "Ute": "Genitive-noun", "Uzbek": "Genitive-noun", "Vafsi": "Noun-genitive", "Vai": "Genitive-noun", "Vietnamese": "Noun-genitive", "Vili": "Noun-genitive", "Vinmavis": "Noun-genitive", "Wahgi": "Genitive-noun", "Wai Wai": "Genitive-noun", "Wakhi": "Genitive-noun", "Walman": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Waorani": "Genitive-noun", "Wappo": "Genitive-noun", "Wari'": "Noun-genitive", "Washo": "Genitive-noun", "Watjarri": "Genitive-noun", "Wayampi": "Genitive-noun", "Wambon": "Genitive-noun", "Wichí": "Genitive-noun", "Wedau": "Genitive-noun", "Welsh": "Noun-genitive", "Wembawemba": "Genitive-noun", "Wikchamni": "Genitive-noun", "Wintu": "Genitive-noun", "Wiyot": "Genitive-noun", "Wolof": "Noun-genitive", "Wolio": "Noun-genitive", "Wolaytta": "Genitive-noun", "West Makian": "Genitive-noun", "Wambule": "Genitive-noun", "Wik Munkan": "Genitive-noun", "Wan": "Genitive-noun", "Wogamusin": "Genitive-noun", "Woisika": "Genitive-noun", "Woleaian": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Womo": "Genitive-noun", "Warao": "Genitive-noun", "Wardaman": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Warekena": "Noun-genitive", "Warembori": "Genitive-noun", "Warndarang": "Noun-genitive", "Warrwa": "Genitive-noun", "Waskia": "Genitive-noun", "Waama": "Genitive-noun", "/Xam": "Genitive-noun", "Xârâcùù": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Xasonga": "Genitive-noun", "Xavánte": "Genitive-noun", "Kombio": "Noun-genitive", "Xerénte": "Genitive-noun", "Xhosa": "Noun-genitive", "!Xóõ": "Genitive-noun", "Yagua": "Genitive-noun", "Yale (Kosarek)": "Genitive-noun", "Yapese": "Noun-genitive", "Yaqui": "Genitive-noun", "Yareba": "Genitive-noun", "Yay": "Noun-genitive", "Yamphu": "Genitive-noun", "Yucuna": "Genitive-noun", "Yei": "Genitive-noun", "Yelî Dnye": "Genitive-noun", "Yagaria": "Genitive-noun", "Yidiny": "Genitive-noun", "Yimas": "Genitive-noun", "Yindjibarndi": "Genitive-noun", "Yi (Wuding-Luquan)": "Genitive-noun", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Genitive-noun", "Yakut": "Genitive-noun", "Yelmek": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Yansi": "Noun-genitive", "Yokuts (Yaudanchi)": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Yoruba": "Noun-genitive", "Yaqay": "Genitive-noun", "Yurimangí": "Genitive-noun", "Yukaghir (Tundra)": "Genitive-noun", "Yuchi": "Genitive-noun", "Yukulta": "Genitive-noun", "Yulu": "Noun-genitive", "Yurok": "Genitive-noun", "Yupik (Siberian)": "Genitive-noun", "Yuwaalaraay": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Yawuru": "Noun-genitive", "Yaygir": "Genitive-noun", "Beria": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Zapotec (Isthmus)": "Noun-genitive", "Zande": "Both orders occur with neither order dominant", "Zapotec (Mitla)": "Noun-genitive", "Zarma": "Genitive-noun", "Zayse": "Genitive-noun", "Zoque (Chimalapa)": "Genitive-noun", "Zenaga": "Noun-genitive", "Zaparo": "Genitive-noun", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Genitive-noun", "Popoluca (Sierra)": "Genitive-noun", "Zulu": "Noun-genitive", "Zuni": "Genitive-noun", "Zapotec (Yatzachi)": "Noun-genitive" }
87A
Order of Adjective and Noun
Word Order
What is the order of adjective and noun in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Modifying adjective precedes noun; Modifying adjective follows noun; Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant; Adjectives do not modify nouns, occurring as predicates in internally headed relative clauses
{ "Arapesh (Abu)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Aari": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Abipón": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Abkhaz": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Arabana": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Arbore": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Abun": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Abui": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Acehnese": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Achagua": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Acholi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Achang": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Acoma": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Adang": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Adioukrou": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Adynyamathanha": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Adyghe (Abzakh)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Adzera": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Agarabi": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Leggbó": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Agta (Central)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Agta (Dupaningan)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Aghem": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Angami": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Anguthimri": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ainu": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Aja": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Ajagbe": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Akha": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Akan": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Alamblak": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Albanian": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Arop-Lokep": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ala'ala": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Alune": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Alsea": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Alawa": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Alyawarra": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Amara": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ambulas": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Amahuaca": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Amele": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Amharic": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Amis": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Amarakaeri": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Ambae (Lolovoli Northeast)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ama": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Amanab": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Amo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ambai": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Arabic (Moroccan)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Arabic (Modern Standard)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Amdo (Themchen)": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Anamuxra": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Araona": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Angas": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Anêm": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Anggor": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "//Ani": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Anejom": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Anong": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Anufo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Anywa": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ao": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mufian": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Apinayé": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Apalaí": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Apatani": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Apurinã": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Lokono": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Archi": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Arabic (Gulf)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Arabic (Kuwaiti)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Arosi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Arabic (Iraqi)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Armenian (Western)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Asmat": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Assamese": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Arabic (Syrian)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Atayal": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Athpare": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Atacameño": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Au": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Avar": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Awa": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Arrernte (Western)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Aekyom": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Awa Pit": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Awtuw": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Awyi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Anyi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Aymara (Central)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Ayomán": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ayiwo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Azerbaijani": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Barai": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Babungo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Bachamal": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Baré": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Bafut": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Bagirmi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Bai": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Bajau (Sama)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Baka (in Cameroon)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Bambara": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Baure": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Bari": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Basaá": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Bawm": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Bobo Madaré (Northern)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Babole": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Barambu": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Bininj Gun-Wok": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Berber (Chaouia)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Bella Coola": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Badimaya": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Budu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Baham": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Beja": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Belhare": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Bemba": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Berta": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Berber (Figuig)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Bafia": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Bangime": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Bugun": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Bongo": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Bhojpuri": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Bhumij": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Bidiya": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Biri": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Biak": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Bilua": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Binandere": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nai": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Birom": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Bisu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Baka (in South Sudan)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Bikol": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Batak (Karo)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Brokskat": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Bakueri": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Blackfoot": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Baoulé": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Bilin": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Belorussian": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Balti": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Bena-Lulua": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Biloxi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Balanta": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Bunuba": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Bini": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Bandjalang": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Bankon": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Banoni": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Bodo": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Bori": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Boko": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Bongu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Brao": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Breton": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Berber (Rif)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Brahui": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Bribri": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Baragaunle": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Burmese": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Burunge": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Barupu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Bera": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Barasano": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Baruya": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Bushoong": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Berber (Siwa)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Bashkir": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Basque": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Basari": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Bontok": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Batak (Toba)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Burarra": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Bubi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Buduma": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Bujeba": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Bulgarian": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Buma": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Buin": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Burushaski": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Busa": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Buriat": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Buru": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Bali-Vitu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Bajau (West Coast)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Byansi": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Cahuilla": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Chai": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Cakchiquel": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Camsá": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Carib": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Cashibo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Cavineña": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Campa (Axininca)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Cayapa": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Chácobo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Chinantec (Comaltepec)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Choctaw": "Adjectives do not modify nouns, occurring as predicates in internally headed relative clauses", "Carib (De'kwana)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Cèmuhî": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Chaga": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Chamorro": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Chambri": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Chechen": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Chaudangsi": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Cherokee": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Chang": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Chaha": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Chimariko": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Chukchi": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Chantyal": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Chinantec (Quiotepec)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Chrau": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Chin (Siyin)": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Chuvash": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Cham (Western)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Chontal (Huamelultec Oaxaca)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Chichewa": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Chinook (Lower)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Chaldean (Modern)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Cholón": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Cham (Eastern)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Chemehuevi": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Comanche": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Chin (Mara)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Chontal Maya": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Canela": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Canamarí": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Cantonese": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Cocama": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Coos (Hanis)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Coptic": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Cora": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Chinantec (Palantla)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Chepang": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Chipaya": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Cornish": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Crow": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Carapana": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Chatino (Sierra Occidental)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Chin (Tiddim)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Catalan": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Chitimacha": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Catawba": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Cubeo": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Cuica": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Cuiba": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Cupeño": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Chatino (Yaitepec)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Cayuvava": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Czech": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Daga": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Dan": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Dâw": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Day": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Dadjriwalé": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Donno So": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Degema": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Dla (Proper)": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Desano": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Deuri": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Dagaare": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Dagbani": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Dongo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Dagur": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Dhaasanac": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Dhivehi": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Dhimal": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Didinga": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "Adjectives do not modify nouns, occurring as predicates in internally headed relative clauses", "Digaro": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Dime": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Dinka": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Diola-Fogny": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Diyari": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Djingili": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Djambarrpuyngu": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Djinang": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Djaru": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Dla (Menggwa)": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Duma": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Dumi": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Domaaki": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Dimasa": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Domari": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Dong (Southern)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Doyayo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Drehu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Dargwa": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Darma": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Danish": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Duala": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Duka": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Dulong": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Dumo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Duna": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Dutch": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Dyirbal": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Edolo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ega": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Engenni": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Eipo": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Elseng": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Emberá (Northern)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Émérillon": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Emmi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Enets": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "English": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Enggano": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Epena Pedee": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Efate (South)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Erromangan": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ese Ejja": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Esmeraldeño": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Esselen": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Estonian": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Evenki": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Even": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Ewe": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ewondo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Fasu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Fijian": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Finnish": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Foe": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Fongbe": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Fore": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "French": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Frisian": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Fulfulde (Adamawa)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Fulniô": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Fur": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Futuna-Aniwa": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Fyem": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Gã": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Gaagudju": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Gaelic (Scots)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Gahuku": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Galo": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Gamo": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Great Andamanese": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Garo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Gavião": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Gbaya (Southwest)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Gutob": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Gadsup": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Gela": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Georgian": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "German": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Gureng Gureng": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Bunan": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Gidabal": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Gilaki": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Gimira": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Gitksan": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Guajajara": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Gününa Küne": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Gelao": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Golin": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Gumawana": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Gumuz": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Gunbalang": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Ga'anda": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Gunin": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Goajiro": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Godoberi": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Goemai": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Gokana": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Gondi": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Gooniyandi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Grebo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Garífuna": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Gurr-goni": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Guarijío": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Greek (Modern)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Garrwa": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Greenlandic (West)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Guató": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Guaraní": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Gude": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Gugada": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Guhu-Samane": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Gujarati": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Gula (in Central African Republic)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Gumbaynggir": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Gurung": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Guugu Yimidhirr": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Gungbe": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Gwari": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Gyarong (Cogtse)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Haida": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Halia": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Hamtai": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Hani": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Haruai": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Hatam": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Hausa": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Hawaiian": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Hayu": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Hdi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Hehe": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Heiltsuk": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Hemba": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Hanga Hundi": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Hidatsa": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Hiligaynon": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Hindi": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Hixkaryana": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Hualapai": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Halkomelem (Upriver)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Hmar": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Huitoto (Minica)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Hmong Njua": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mina": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Hunde": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ho": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Hoava": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Holoholo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Hopi": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Hup": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Huastec": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Hua": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "=|Hoan": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Huitoto (Murui)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Hungarian": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Hupa": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Hawrami": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Haya": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Hunzib": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Iaai": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Iban": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Icelandic": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Iduna": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Idu": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Ifumu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ifugao (Batad)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Igbo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Igede": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ingessana": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Ik": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ika": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ila": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ilocano": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Imonda": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Inanwatan": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Indonesian": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ingush": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Innamincka": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Iquito": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Irish": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Iraqw": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Irarutu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Iranxe": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "I'saka": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Italian": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Itelmen": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Itonama": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Iwaidja": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Izi": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Jabêm": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Jad": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Jakaltek": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Jaminjung": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Jaqaru": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Izere": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Jabutí": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Jebero": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Jeli": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Jino": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Jivaro": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Luwo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Jur Mödö": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Jamsay": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Jingpho": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Johari": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Japanese": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Jarawa (in Andamans)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Jugli": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Ju|'hoan": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Jukun": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Karajá": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Karó (Arára)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kachari": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Kaki Ae": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kambera": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kana": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Kara (in Central African Republic)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kashmiri": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Kaulong": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kayardild": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Kamba": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kabyle": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kambot": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kabatei": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Karen (Bwe)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kabiyé": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Koyra Chiini": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kadazan": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kele": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kemant": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Kera": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ket": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Kewa": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Koromfe": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kinga": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kagulu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kalkatungu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kyirong": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kirghiz": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Khalkha": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Kham (Dege)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Khaling": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Khinalug": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Khalaj": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Khmer": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nama": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Khasi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Khowar": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Kire": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kikuyu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kinyarwanda": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kirma": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kisi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kiwai (Southern)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Koreguaje": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Karakalpak": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Kokota": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Korku": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Lusi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Klao": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Kulung": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Kaluli": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Klamath": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Kalam": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Koluri": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Kilivila": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kiliwa": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kamaiurá": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kombai": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kham": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Kami": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Karimojong": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kalmyk": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Kuman": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Koiali (Mountain)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kunimaipa": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kamass": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Khmu'": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kamu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kamasau": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kugu Nganhcara": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kannada": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Kaingang": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kanakuru": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Kunama": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kinnauri": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Kanoê": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kanuri": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kham (Tibetan) (Nangchen)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Koasati": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kobon": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Koegu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kokborok": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kolami": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Komo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kongo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Komi-Permyak": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Korean": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Kosraean": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Koya": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Kpelle": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kapampangan": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Karen (Pwo)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Krenak": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kiribati": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Karachay-Balkar": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Kurdish (Central)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kresh": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Krahô": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kipea": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Karadjeri": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Karok": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Korana": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Krongo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kairiru": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Korowai": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Koryak": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Kryz": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Koyraboro Senni": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Karen (Sgaw)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kasong": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Koita": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Katcha": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kete": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Katla": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Katu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Khanty": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Kumauni": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Kuot": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kutenai": "Adjectives do not modify nouns, occurring as predicates in internally headed relative clauses", "Kuuku Ya'u": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kuvi": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Kwaio": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kwerba": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kwakw'ala": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Kwami": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kwangali": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kwoma": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Kawaiisu": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Kwomtari": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Iwoyo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kwaza": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kxoe": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Kuku-Yalanji": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kyaka": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Koyukon": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kanyok": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Karkar-Yuri": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Kayabí": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Komi-Zyrian": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Laal": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Labu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Lacandón": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Ladakhi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Lafofa": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Lagwan": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Lahu": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Lai": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Lak": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Lalo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Lango": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Lao": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Laragia": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Latvian": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Lavukaleve": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Lunda": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Luganda": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Londo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Lendu": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Lebeo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Lele": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Lenakel": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Lepcha": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Lese": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Leti": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Lewo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Lezgian": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Langi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Logoti": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Longgu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Hlai (Baoding)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Lillooet": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Limbu": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Lingala": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Lisu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Lithuanian": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Lakhota": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Lelemi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Lamba": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Lamang": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Lamaholot": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Limilngan": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Lamani": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Lampung": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Lamen": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Linda": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Loniu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Lotha": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Lou": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Lucazi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Lugbara": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Luiseño": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Lungchang": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Luo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Luvale": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Luyia": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ma": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Maasai": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Maba": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Macushi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ma'di": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mae": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Maithili": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Majang": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Makah": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Malagasy": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mam": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Mano": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Maori": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mapudungun": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Maricopa": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Masa": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Maung": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Maninka (Western)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Maybrat": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mba": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mbere": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mbili": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mbole": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mbum": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Monumbo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mbara": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mangbetu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mbay": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mochica": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Macedonian": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Machiguenga": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Mixe (Coatlán)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Mocoví": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Mada (in Cameroon)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mende": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mundang": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Matngele": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Madimadi": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Mandan": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mbodomo": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Manadonese": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mbosi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Meyah": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Me'en": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mehri": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Meithei": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Mekens": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Menomini": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Meryam Mir": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Menya": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mondunga": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mangghuer": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Mungaka": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mongo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mango": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Musgu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Marathi": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Mehek": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Miri (Hill):": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mien": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Miisiirii": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Miju": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mikir": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Milang": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Minangkabau": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Miriwung": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Miskito": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Miya": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mizo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mauka": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Makonde": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mekeo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mandinka (Gambian)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Makasae": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Maranungku": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Makaa": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mambila": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Malgwa": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Malakmalak": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mlabri (Minor)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Maleu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mangap-Mbula": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mari (Meadow)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Mamanwa": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Mamvu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mambwe": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Muna": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Manchu": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Mandarin": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Maidu (Northeast)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Manggarai": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Manam": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mansi": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Minaveha": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Munzombo": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Mono-Alu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mordvin (Erzya)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Mofu-Gudur": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mokilese": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mon": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mooré": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mor": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mosetén": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Motuna": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Moru": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Murrinh-Patha": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mpongwe": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Maipure": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mian": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mpur": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mara": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Marchha": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Margi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Marrithiyel": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Murle": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Moro": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Marquesan": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Maringarr": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Martuthunira": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Maru": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Muruwari": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Muisca": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mising": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Masakin": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Masalit": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Musom": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Maisin": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Musqueam": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Matuumbi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Malto": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Matis": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Motu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Makua": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mundani": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mumuye": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mundari": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Mupun": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mursi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mussau": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Manobo (Western Bukidnon)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Mwera": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mwotlap": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mixtec (Atatlahuca)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ifira-Mele": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mixtec (Jicaltepec)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mixtec (Ocotepec)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mixtec (Peñoles)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mixe (Ayutla)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Mixtec (Yosondúa)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mayogo": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Mangarrayi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Malayalam": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Ma'anyan": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Matsés": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mazatec (Chiquihuitlán)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Mazanderani": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Nabak": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nagatman": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Nahali": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Neo-Aramaic (Arbel Jewish)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nakanai": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nalik": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Namia": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nandi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nasioi": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Natchez": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nauruan": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Navajo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Naxi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ngäbere": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nicobarese (Car)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Ncàm": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ndebele": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nande": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ngbandi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ndjébbana": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ndonga": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nadroga": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ndut": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ndumu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ndyuka": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Nehan": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nepali": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Nevome": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Newari (Kathmandu)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Neyo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nez Perce": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Nganasan": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Ngad'a": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ngan'gityemerri": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ngiyambaa": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Ngadjumaja": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ngankikurungkurr": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ngalakan": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ngambay": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ngandi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ngoni": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Naga (Tangkhul)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nguna": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ngawun": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Ngizim": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nahuatl (Huasteca)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nahuatl (Michoacán)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nahuatl (North Puebla)": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nias": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Niuafo'ou": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nyishi": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Niuean": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nivkh": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Ngalkbun": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nkem": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Nakkara": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nkonya": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nkore-Kiga": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nubian (Kunuz)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Naga (Mao)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Manange": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Nancowry": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nend": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nyanga": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nankina": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nocte": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Noghay": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Noni": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Noon": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Norwegian": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Nar-Phu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nanerge": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nsenga": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nisgha": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Nisenan": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Ngiti": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Ngaanyatjarra": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ntomba": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nenets": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Nuaulu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nuer": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nunggubuyu": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nupe": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nusu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nuuchahnulth": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Newar (Dolakha)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Nyiha": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nyimang": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nyamkad": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nyamwezi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Nyangumarda": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Nyulnyul": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Nzakara": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Naga (Zeme)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ogbronuagum": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Obolo": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Ocuilteco": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Oksapmin": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Olo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Omaha": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ömie": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "O'odham": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Ordos": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Oromo (Harar)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Orig": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Orok": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Orokaiva": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Oromo (Waata)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Orya": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Osage": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ossetic": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Otoro": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Pa'a": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Páez": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Paiwan": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Palauan": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Pame": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Panjabi": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Päri": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Patep": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Paumarí": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Pawaian": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Pima Bajo": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Folopa": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Pero": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Pilagá": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Piaroa": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Pipil": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Piro": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Pitjantjatjara": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Paakantyi": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Pokot": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Palaung": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Paulohi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Palikur": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Paamese": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Pangwa": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Pangasinan": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Paiute (Northern)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Bunu (Younuo)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Panará": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Panyjima": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Podoko": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Pohnpeian": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Poko-Rawo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Polish": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Portuguese": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Pitta Pitta": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Prasuni": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Pare": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Pirahã": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Purki": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Persian": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Pashto": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Port Sandwich": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Pattani": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Puluwat": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Pumi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Pungupungu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Purépecha": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Qafar": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Quechua (Huallaga)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Qiang": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Quileute": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Sipakapense": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Raga": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ralte": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Rama": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Rao": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Rapanui": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Rashad": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Rawang": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Remo": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Resígaro": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Retuarã": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Ronga": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "rGyalrong (Caodeng)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Raji": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Runyankore": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Romanian": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Rotuman": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Roviana": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Rang Pas": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Runyoro-Rutooro": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Romansch (Sursilvan)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Rukai (Tanan)": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Rumu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Runga": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Russian": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Rutul": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Rawa": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Romani (Welsh)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Sa'a": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Sahu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Sakao": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Salinan": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Samoan": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Sango": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Sapuan": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Sare": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Savi": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Serbian-Croatian": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Sandawe": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Southeast Ambrym": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Sebei": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Secoya": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Sedang": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Seediq": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Selknam": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Sema": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Sena": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Seri": "Adjectives do not modify nouns, occurring as predicates in internally headed relative clauses", "Sesotho": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Sougb": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Sangu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Shabo": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Sherpa": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Shiriana": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Shilluk": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Shambala": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Shona": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Shoshone": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Klikitat": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Shatt": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Siane": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Sidaama": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Sila": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Simeulue": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Siona": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Sio": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Siar": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Sisiqa": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Siuslaw": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Sikkimese": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Skou": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Selkup": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Suku": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Slave": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Saliba (in Papua New Guinea)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Samba Leko": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Slovene": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Selepet": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Seme": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Semelai": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Seminole": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Shompen": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Shina": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Sinaugoro": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Sinhala": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Sanuma": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Soninke": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Saami (Northern)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Sentani": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "So": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Sobei": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Soddo": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Somali": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Sonsorol-Tobi": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Spanish": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Spitian": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Squamish": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Sorbian": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Sarcee": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Sardinian": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Sre": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Sirionó": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Siroi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Santa": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Stieng": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Santali": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Sudest": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Suena": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Sungor": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Suki": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Sulka": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Sundanese": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Supyire": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Savosavo": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Swahili": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Swedish": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Swati": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Salt-Yui": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Taba": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tacana": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Taiof": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tagalog": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Tahitian": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tajik": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Takia": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tamang (Eastern)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Tarao": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tariana": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Tatana'": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tauya": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tawala": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tabare": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tabla": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tboli": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tobati": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tubu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tabwa": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tarahumara (Central)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Tibetan (Dingri)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tibetan (Drokpa)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tepehua (Huehuetla)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Telugu": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Tennet": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Teop": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tepehua (Tlachichilco)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Tera": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Teso": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tigak": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tshangla": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Tugun": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tsogo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tigré": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Thai": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Thadou": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Thakali": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Thangmi": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Thompson": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Thulung": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Kuuk Thaayorre": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tima": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tidore": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tigrinya": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Tikar": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Timugon": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tinrin": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Tibetan (Shigatse)": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Tiv": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Tiwi": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Tiipay (Jamul)": "Adjectives do not modify nouns, occurring as predicates in internally headed relative clauses", "Takelma": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Turkmen": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Tolai": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Telefol": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tlingit": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Tlapanec": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Talysh (Southern)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Tama": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tamil": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Tamabo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Temein": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tibetan (Modern Literary)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Temiar": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Turkana": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tanacross": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Temne": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tongan": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tinani": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Tungak": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tunen": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tondano": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tenyer": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Toba": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Tonkawa": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Totonac (Misantla)": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Tonga (in Zambia)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tepehuan (Northern)": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Tupuri": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tepehuan (Southeastern)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Teribe": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Trique (Copala)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tairora": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Trumai": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Torwali": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Tsafiki": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Tausug": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Tamashek": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tasmanian": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tsez": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Tetun Dili": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tetun": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tati (Southern)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Tsova-Tush": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Tucano": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Tukang Besi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tulu": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Tumleo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tunica": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Turkish": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Tuvan": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Tuvaluan": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Tatar": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Tutsa": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Tarahumara (Western)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Totonac (Xicotepec de Juárez)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Tzutujil": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Ubykh": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Udihe": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Udi": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Udmurt": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Uradhi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ukrainian": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Uldeme": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ulithian": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Una": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ungarinjin": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Ura": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Urdu": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Urak Lawoi'": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Urarina": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Urat": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Uru": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Usan": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Usarufa": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Ute": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Uyghur": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Uzbek": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Vafsi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Vai": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Venda": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Vietnamese": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Vili": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Vinmavis": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Wagiman": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Wahgi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Wakhi": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Walman": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Wangkumara": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Waorani": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Wappo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Washo": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Watjarri": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Wambon": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Wichí": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Wedau": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Welsh": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Wembawemba": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Wichita": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Wikchamni": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Wiyot": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Wolof": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Wolio": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Wolaytta": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "West Makian": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Wambule": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Wik Munkan": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Wik Ngathana": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Wan": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Wogamusin": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Woisika": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Woleaian": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Womo": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Warao": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Wardaman": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Warekena": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Warlpiri": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Warembori": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Warrwa": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Waskia": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Wathawurrung": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "/Xam": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Xârâcùù": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Xasonga": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Kombio": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Xerénte": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Xhosa": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "!Xóõ": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Yagua": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Yahgan": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Yale (Kosarek)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Yaminahua": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Yao (in Malawi)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Yapese": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Yaqui": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Yareba": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Yay": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Yamphu": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Yucuna": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Yelî Dnye": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Yagaria": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Nuosu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Yidiny": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Yimas": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Yindjibarndi": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Yi (Wuding-Luquan)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Yakut": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Yingkarta": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Yanyuwa": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Yokuts (Yaudanchi)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Yoruba": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Yup'ik (Central)": "Both orders of noun and modifying adjective occur, with neither dominant", "Yurimangí": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Yukaghir (Tundra)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Yuchi": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Yukulta": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Yulu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Yurok": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Yuwaalaraay": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Yawuru": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Beria": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Zapotec (Isthmus)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Zande": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Zapotec (Mitla)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Zarma": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Zayse": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Zazaki": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Zoque (Chimalapa)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Modifying adjective precedes noun", "Zulu": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Zuni": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Zapotec (Yatzachi)": "Modifying adjective follows noun", "Zapotec (Zoogocho)": "Modifying adjective follows noun" }
88A
Order of Demonstrative and Noun
Word Order
What is the order of demonstrative and noun in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Demonstrative word precedes noun; Demonstrative word follows noun; Demonstrative prefix on noun; Demonstrative suffix on noun; Demonstrative simultaneously before and after noun; Two or more of above types with none dominant
{ "Arapesh (Abu)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Aari": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Abau": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Abipón": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Abkhaz": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Abun": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Abui": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Acehnese": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Achang": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Acoma": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Adang": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Adioukrou": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Andoke": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Adyghe (Abzakh)": "Demonstrative prefix on noun", "Adzera": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Leggbó": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Agta (Central)": "Demonstrative suffix on noun", "Agta (Dupaningan)": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Aghem": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Angami": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Anguthimri": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Ainu": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Ajagbe": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Akha": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Akan": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Alamblak": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Albanian": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Arop-Lokep": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Ala'ala": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Alune": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Alsea": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Alawa": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Alyawarra": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Amara": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Ambulas": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Amahuaca": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Amele": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Amharic": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Amis": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Amarakaeri": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Ambae (Lolovoli Northeast)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Amanab": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Amo": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Ambai": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Arabic (Moroccan)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Arabic (Modern Standard)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Anamuxra": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Araona": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Angas": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Anêm": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Anggor": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "//Ani": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Anejom": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Anindilyakwa": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Anong": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Anufo": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Anywa": "Demonstrative suffix on noun", "Ao": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mufian": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Apinayé": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Apatani": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Apurinã": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Apache (Western)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Lokono": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Archi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Arabic (Gulf)": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Arabic (Kuwaiti)": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Arosi": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Armenian (Western)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Asmat": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Assamese": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Arabic (Syrian)": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Atayal": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Athpare": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Atakapa": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Atsugewi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Au": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Avar": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Avikam": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Avokaya": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Awa": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Arrernte (Western)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Aekyom": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Awa Pit": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Awtuw": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Aymara (Central)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Ayiwo": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Barai": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Babungo": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Baré": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Bagirmi": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Bai": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Bajau (Sama)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Baka (in Cameroon)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Bambara": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Baure": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Bari": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Basaá": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Bawm": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Bobo Madaré (Northern)": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Barambu": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Bininj Gun-Wok": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Berber (Chaouia)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Bella Coola": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Badimaya": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Budu": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Baham": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Beja": "Demonstrative simultaneously before and after noun", "Bemba": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Berta": "Demonstrative suffix on noun", "Berber (Figuig)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Bafia": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Bongo": "Demonstrative simultaneously before and after noun", "Bagiro": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Baga Sitemu": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Bhojpuri": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Bidiya": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Binga": "Demonstrative suffix on noun", "Biri": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Biak": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Bilua": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Binandere": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Birom": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Baka (in South Sudan)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Batak (Karo)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Brokskat": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Bakueri": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Blackfoot": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Baoulé": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Balangao": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Belorussian": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Balti": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Biloxi": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Balanta": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Bimoba": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Bunuba": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Bini": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Bandjalang": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Banoni": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Bilinarra": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Bodo": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Bori": "Demonstrative simultaneously before and after noun", "Bolia": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Brao": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Breton": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Berber (Rif)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Brahui": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Bribri": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Baragaunle": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Burmese": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Burunge": "Demonstrative suffix on noun", "Barupu": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Barasano": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Baruya": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Berber (Ayt Seghrouchen Middle Atlas)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Bushoong": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Berber (Siwa)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Bashkir": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Basque": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Batak (Toba)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Bubi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Buduma": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Bugis": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Bujeba": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Bulgarian": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Buma": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Burushaski": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Buriat": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Buru": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Bali-Vitu": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Bajau (West Coast)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Byansi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Chai": "Demonstrative simultaneously before and after noun", "Cakchiquel": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Carib": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Cashibo": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Cayapa": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Chumash (Barbareño)": "Demonstrative prefix on noun", "Chinantec (Comaltepec)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Choctaw": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Carib (De'kwana)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Cree (Swampy)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Cèmuhî": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Chamorro": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Chechen": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Chaudangsi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Cherokee": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Chang": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Chaha": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Chimariko": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Chuj": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Chukchi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Chantyal": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Chipewyan": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Chinantec (Quiotepec)": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Chrau": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Chin (Siyin)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Chuvash": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Chichewa": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Chinook (Lower)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Chaldean (Modern)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Cholón": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Cham (Eastern)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Chemehuevi": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Camling": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Comanche": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Chin (Mara)": "Demonstrative simultaneously before and after noun", "Comox": "Demonstrative prefix on noun", "Chontal Maya": "Demonstrative simultaneously before and after noun", "Canela": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Canamarí": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Cantonese": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Cocama": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Coeur d'Alene": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Coos (Hanis)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Coptic": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Cora": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Chinantec (Palantla)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Chepang": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Chipaya": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Cree (Plains)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Cornish": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Crow": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Carapana": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Chatino (Sierra Occidental)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Chin (Tiddim)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Catalan": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Cupeño": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Chatino (Yaitepec)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Cayuvava": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Czech": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Daga": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Dan": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Dâw": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Day": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Dadjriwalé": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Donno So": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Degema": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Dla (Proper)": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Desano": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Dagaare": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Dagbani": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Dongo": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Dagur": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Dhaasanac": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Dhivehi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Dhimal": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Dhargari": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Didinga": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Dime": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Dinka": "Demonstrative suffix on noun", "Diola-Fogny": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Diyari": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Djabugay": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Djambarrpuyngu": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Djinang": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Djapu": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Djaru": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Dla (Menggwa)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Duma": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Dumi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Dimasa": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Ding": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Bwele": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Domari": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Dong (Southern)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Drehu": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Darma": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Danish": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Duala": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Duka": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Dulong": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Dumo": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Duna": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Dutch": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Dyirbal": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Edolo": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Efik": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Ega": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Engenni": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Eipo": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Emberá (Northern)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Émérillon": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "English": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Enggano": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Epena Pedee": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Efate (South)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Erromangan": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Estonian": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Eudeve": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Evenki": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Ewe": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Ewondo": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Fasu": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Fijian": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Finnish": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Foe": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Fongbe": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Fore": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "French": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Frisian": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Fulfulde (Adamawa)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Fur": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Futuna-Aniwa": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Fyem": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Gã": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Gaagudju": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Gaelic (Scots)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Gamo": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Garo": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Gavião": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Gbaya (Southwest)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Gela": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Georgian": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "German": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Gureng Gureng": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Gidabal": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Gimira": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Guajajara": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Gelao": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Golin": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Gumawana": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Gumuz": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Gunbalang": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Ga'anda": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Gunin": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Goajiro": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Godoberi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Goemai": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Gokana": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Gondi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Gooniyandi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Grebo": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Garífuna": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Gurr-goni": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Guarijío": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Greek (Modern)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Garrwa": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Greenlandic (West)": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Guató": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Guaraní": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Gude": "Demonstrative suffix on noun", "Gugada": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Gujarati": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Gula (in Central African Republic)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Gurung": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Guugu Yimidhirr": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Gwari": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Gworok": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Gyarong (Cogtse)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Haida": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Hakka": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Halia": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Hamtai": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Hani": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Hatam": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Hausa": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Hawaiian": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Hayu": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Hdi": "Demonstrative simultaneously before and after noun", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Heiltsuk": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Hemba": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Hanga Hundi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Hidatsa": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Hiligaynon": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Hindi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Hualapai": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Halkomelem (Upriver)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Hmar": "Demonstrative simultaneously before and after noun", "Huitoto (Minica)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Hmong Njua": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mina": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Hunde": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Hoava": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Holoholo": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Hopi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Hup": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Huastec": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Hua": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "=|Hoan": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Hungarian": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Hupa": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Hawrami": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Haya": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Hunzib": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Iaai": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Iau": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Iban": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Icelandic": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Iduna": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Idoma": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Idu": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Ifumu": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Ifugao (Batad)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Igbo": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Igede": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Ingessana": "Demonstrative suffix on noun", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Ik": "Demonstrative suffix on noun", "Ila": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Ilocano": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Imonda": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Indonesian": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Ingush": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Innamincka": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Iquito": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Irish": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Iraqw": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Irarutu": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "I'saka": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Italian": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Itelmen": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Itonama": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Iwaidja": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Izi": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Jabêm": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Jakaltek": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Jaminjung": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Jaqaru": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Izere": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Jabutí": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Jebero": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Jur Mödö": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Jamsay": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Jingpho": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Johari": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Japanese": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Jugli": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Ju|'hoan": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Jukun": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Karajá": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Karó (Arára)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kabardian": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kachari": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kadugli": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kaki Ae": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kana": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kara (in Central African Republic)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kashmiri": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kaulong": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kayardild": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kamba": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kabatei": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Karen (Bwe)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Koyra Chiini": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kadazan": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Kele": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kemant": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kenga": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kera": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Ket": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kewa": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Koromfe": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kagulu": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kyirong": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Khalkha": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kham (Dege)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Khaling": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Khalaj": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Khmer": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Khün": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Nama": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kharia": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Khasi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kire": "Demonstrative prefix on noun", "Kikuyu": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kinyarwanda": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kiowa": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kirma": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kisi": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kiwai (Southern)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Karakalpak": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kokota": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Korku": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Lusi": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Karankawa": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Klamath": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kalam": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Koluri": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kalispel": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kilivila": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kiliwa": "Demonstrative suffix on noun", "Kamaiurá": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kombai": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kham": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Karimojong": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kuman": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Koiali (Mountain)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kunimaipa": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kamass": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Khmu'": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kamu": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kamasau": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kugu Nganhcara": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kannada": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Konni": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kanakuru": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kunama": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kinnauri": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kanoê": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kanuri": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Konkow": "Demonstrative prefix on noun", "Kham (Tibetan) (Nangchen)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Koasati": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kobon": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Koegu": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kokborok": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kolami": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Komo": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kongo": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Korean": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kosraean": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Koya": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kpelle": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Karen (Pwo)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Krenak": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kiribati": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Karachay-Balkar": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kurdish (Central)": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Kipea": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Karok": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Korana": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Krongo": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kairiru": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Korowai": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Koryak": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kryz": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Keresan (Santa Ana)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Koyraboro Senni": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Karen (Sgaw)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kasong": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Koita": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Katcha": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kete": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Katla": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kathlamet": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Katu": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Khanty": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kumauni": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kuot": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kutenai": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kuuku Ya'u": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kuvi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kwaio": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kwangali": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kwoma": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kawaiisu": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Kwomtari": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Iwoyo": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kxoe": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kuku-Yalanji": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Kyaka": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Koyukon": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kanyok": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Karkar-Yuri": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Laal": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Labu": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Lacandón": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Ladakhi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Lagwan": "Demonstrative suffix on noun", "Lahu": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Lai": "Demonstrative simultaneously before and after noun", "Lalo": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Lango": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Lao": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Latvian": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Lunda": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Luganda": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Londo": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Lendu": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Lebeo": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Leko": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Lele": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Lenakel": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Lepcha": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Lese": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Leti": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Lewo": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Lezgian": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Langi": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Logoti": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Longgu": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Lhomi": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Hlai (Baoding)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Lillooet": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Limbu": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Lisu": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Lithuanian": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Lakhota": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Lelemi": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Lamba": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Lamang": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Lamaholot": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Limilngan": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Lamani": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Lampung": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Linda": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Loniu": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Lotha": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Lou": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Lugbara": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Luiseño": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Lungchang": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Luo": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Luvale": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Luyia": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Ma": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Maasai": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Maba": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Macushi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Ma'di": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mae": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Maithili": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Majang": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Makah": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Malagasy": "Demonstrative simultaneously before and after noun", "Mam": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Maori": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Mapudungun": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Maricopa": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Maung": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Maninka (Western)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Maybrat": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mba": "Demonstrative suffix on noun", "Mbere": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mbili": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mbole": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mbum": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mbara": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mangbetu": "Demonstrative suffix on noun", "Mbay": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Macedonian": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Machiguenga": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Mixe (Coatlán)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Mocoví": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Mada (in Cameroon)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mende": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mundang": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Madimadi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Mandan": "Demonstrative suffix on noun", "Mbodomo": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Manadonese": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Mbosi": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Meyah": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Me'en": "Demonstrative suffix on noun", "Meithei": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mekens": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Menomini": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Menya": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mangghuer": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Magi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Mongo": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mango": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Musgu": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Marathi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Miri (Hill):": "Demonstrative simultaneously before and after noun", "Mien": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Mikir": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Milang": "Demonstrative simultaneously before and after noun", "Minangkabau": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Miskito": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Miya": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Mizo": "Demonstrative simultaneously before and after noun", "Mauka": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mekeo": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Mandinka (Gambian)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Makasae": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mankon": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Maranungku": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Makaa": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Malgwa": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Malakmalak": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mlabri (Minor)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Maleu": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mangap-Mbula": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mamanwa": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Mamvu": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Muna": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mandarin": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Maidu (Northeast)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Manggarai": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Manam": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mono (in United States)": "Demonstrative suffix on noun", "Mansi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Mentawai": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Minaveha": "Demonstrative suffix on noun", "Munzombo": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mono-Alu": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Mofu-Gudur": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mohawk": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Mokilese": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mon": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mooré": "Demonstrative suffix on noun", "Mor": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Motuna": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Moru": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Murrinh-Patha": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mpongwe": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mian": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mpur": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mara": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Marchha": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Margi": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Murle": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Moro": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Marquesan": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Martuthunira": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Maru": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Muisca": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Mising": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Masakin": "Demonstrative suffix on noun", "Musom": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Maisin": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Musqueam": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Matuumbi": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Malto": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Massachusett": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Makua": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Mundani": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mumuye": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mundari": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Mupun": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mursi": "Demonstrative suffix on noun", "Mussau": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mutsun": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Manobo (Western Bukidnon)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Mwotlap": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Ifira-Mele": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mixtec (Jicaltepec)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mixtec (Ocotepec)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mixtec (Peñoles)": "Demonstrative suffix on noun", "Mixe (Ayutla)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Mixtec (Yosondúa)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mayogo": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Mangarrayi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Malayalam": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Ma'anyan": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Nabak": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Neo-Aramaic (Arbel Jewish)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Nakanai": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Nalik": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Namia": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Nandi": "Demonstrative suffix on noun", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Nasioi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Nauruan": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Navajo": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Naxi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Ngäbere": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Nicobarese (Car)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Ncàm": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Ndebele": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Nande": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Ngbandi": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Ndjébbana": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Ndonga": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Nadroga": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Ndut": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Ndumu": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Ndyuka": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Nehan": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Nepali": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Nevome": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Newari (Kathmandu)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Neyo": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Nez Perce": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Ngbaka (Minagende)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Ngan'gityemerri": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Ngiyambaa": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Ngankikurungkurr": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Ngalakan": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Ngambay": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Ngandi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Ngoni": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Naga (Tangkhul)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Nguna": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Ngawun": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Ngizim": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Nahuatl (Huasteca)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Nahuatl (Michoacán)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Nahuatl (North Puebla)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Nias": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Niuafo'ou": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Nyishi": "Demonstrative simultaneously before and after noun", "Nivkh": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Nkem": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Nkonya": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Nkore-Kiga": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Nubian (Kunuz)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Naga (Mao)": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Nancowry": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Nend": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Nengone": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Nyanga": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Nocte": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Noni": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Noon": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Norwegian": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Nar-Phu": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Nanerge": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Nsenga": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Nisgha": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Nisenan": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Ngiti": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Ngaanyatjarra": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Nenets": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Nuaulu": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Nuer": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Nunggubuyu": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Nupe": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Nusu": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Newar (Dolakha)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Nyimang": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Nyamkad": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Nyamwezi": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Nyigina": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Nyangumarda": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Nyulnyul": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Nzakara": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Naga (Zeme)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Ogbronuagum": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Obolo": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Ocuilteco": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Olo": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Omaha": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Ömie": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Oneida": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "One": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Onge": "Demonstrative prefix on noun", "O'odham": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Emai": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Oromo (Harar)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Orig": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Orokaiva": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Oromo (Waata)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Orya": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Osage": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Ossetic": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Otoro": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Páez": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Paiwan": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Palauan": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Pame": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Panjabi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Patep": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Paumarí": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Pawaian": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Pima Bajo": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Folopa": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Pilagá": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Piaroa": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Piro": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Pitjantjatjara": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Paakantyi": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Pokot": "Demonstrative suffix on noun", "Palaung": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Paulohi": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Palikur": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Paiute (Northern)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Bunu (Younuo)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Panyjima": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Podoko": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Pohnpeian": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Poko-Rawo": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Polish": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Portuguese": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Piapoco": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Prasuni": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Pare": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Pirahã": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Purki": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Persian": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Pashto": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Passamaquoddy-Maliseet": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Port Sandwich": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Pattani": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Puluwat": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Pumi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Purépecha": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Pawnee": "Demonstrative prefix on noun", "Qafar": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Quechua (Huallaga)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Qiang": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Quileute": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Sipakapense": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Raga": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Rama": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Rapanui": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Rashad": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Rawang": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Remo": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Resígaro": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Retuarã": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Ronga": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "rGyalrong (Caodeng)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Rembarnga": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Runyankore": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Romanian": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Ron": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Rotuman": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Roviana": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Romansch (Sursilvan)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Rukai (Tanan)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Rumu": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Runga": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Russian": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Rutul": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Rawa": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Romani (Welsh)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Sahu": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Sakao": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Salinan": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Samoan": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Sango": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Sare": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Savi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Serbian-Croatian": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Sandawe": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Southeast Ambrym": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Sebei": "Demonstrative suffix on noun", "Secoya": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Sedang": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Seediq": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Sema": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Seri": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Sesotho": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Sougb": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Songe": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Sangu": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Sherpa": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Sharanahua": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Shiriana": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Shambala": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Shona": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Shoshone": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Klikitat": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Shatt": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Sidaama": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Simeulue": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Siona": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Sio": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Siar": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Sisiqa": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Siuslaw": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Sikkimese": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Skou": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Selkup": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Suku": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Slave": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Saliba (in Papua New Guinea)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Samba Leko": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Slovene": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Selepet": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Seme": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Semelai": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Seminole": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Shina": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Sinaugoro": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Sanuma": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Sentani": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "So": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Sobei": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Somali": "Demonstrative suffix on noun", "Sonsorol-Tobi": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Spanish": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Spitian": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Squamish": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Sarcee": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Sre": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Sirionó": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Siroi": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Stieng": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Santali": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Sudest": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Suena": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Suki": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Sulka": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Sundanese": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Supyire": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Susu": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Savosavo": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Swahili": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Swedish": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Swati": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Taba": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tacana": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Taiof": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tagalog": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Tahitian": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Tuareg (Air)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tajik": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Takia": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tamang (Eastern)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Tarao": "Demonstrative suffix on noun", "Tariana": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Tashlhiyt": "Demonstrative suffix on noun", "Tatana'": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tauya": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Tawala": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Tabla": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Tboli": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tobati": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tubu": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tabwa": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Tarahumara (Central)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Tibetan (Dingri)": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Tibetan (Drokpa)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tepehua (Huehuetla)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Telugu": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Tennet": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Teop": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tera": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Teso": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tetela": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tuareg (Ghat)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tigak": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tshangla": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Tugun": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tsogo": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tigré": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Thai": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Thadou": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Thakali": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Thangmi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Thulung": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kuuk Thaayorre": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Ticuna": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Tidore": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tigrinya": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Tikar": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Timugon": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tinrin": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tiv": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tiwi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Tiipay (Jamul)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tokelauan": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Takelma": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Turkmen": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Tolai": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Telefol": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Tlingit": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Tobelo": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tlapanec": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Talysh (Southern)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Tamil": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Tamabo": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Temein": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tibetan (Modern Literary)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Temiar": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Turkana": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tanacross": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Temne": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tongan": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tinani": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Tungak": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tunen": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Tondano": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Toba": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Tonkawa": "Demonstrative suffix on noun", "Totonac (Misantla)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Southern Toussian": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Tonga (in Zambia)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tepehuan (Northern)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Tupuri": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tepehuan (Southeastern)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Tapieté": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Teribe": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Trique (Copala)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tirmaga": "Demonstrative simultaneously before and after noun", "Tairora": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Trumai": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Torwali": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Tsafiki": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "Demonstrative simultaneously before and after noun", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tamashek": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tsez": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Tetun Dili": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tutelo": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tetun": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tsova-Tush": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Tucano": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Tukang Besi": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tulu": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Turkish": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Tuvan": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Tuyuca": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Tuvaluan": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Tatar": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Tutsa": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Tarahumara (Western)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Totonac (Xicotepec de Juárez)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Tzutujil": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Ubykh": "Demonstrative prefix on noun", "Udi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Udmurt": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Uradhi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Ukrainian": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Uldeme": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Ulithian": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Una": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Ungarinjin": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Urdu": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Urak Lawoi'": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Urarina": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Urat": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Uru": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Usan": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Usarufa": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Ute": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Uzbek": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Vafsi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Vai": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Vietnamese": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Vili": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Vinmavis": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Wahgi": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Wakhi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Walman": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Wambaya": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Wangkumara": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Waorani": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Wappo": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Wari'": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Washo": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Watjarri": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Wambon": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Wichí": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Wedau": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Welsh": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Wembawemba": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Wichita": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Wikchamni": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Wiyot": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Wolof": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Wolio": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Wolaytta": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "West Makian": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Wambule": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Wik Munkan": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Wik Ngathana": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Woisika": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Woleaian": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Womo": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Warao": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Wardaman": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Warekena": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Warrwa": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Waskia": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Waama": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "/Xam": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Xârâcùù": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Xasonga": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Kombio": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Xerénte": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Xhosa": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "!Xóõ": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Yagua": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Yahgan": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Yale (Kosarek)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Yao (in Malawi)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Yapese": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Yaqui": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Yay": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Yamphu": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Yucuna": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Yelî Dnye": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Nuosu": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Yidiny": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Yimas": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Yindjibarndi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Yir Yoront": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Yi (Wuding-Luquan)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Yakut": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Yingkarta": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Yansi": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Yanyuwa": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Yokuts (Yaudanchi)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Yoruba": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Yukaghir (Tundra)": "Demonstrative prefix on noun", "Yuchi": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Yukulta": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Yulu": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Yurok": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Yupik (Siberian)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Yuwaalaraay": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Beria": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Zapotec (Isthmus)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Zande": "Demonstrative simultaneously before and after noun", "Zapotec (Mitla)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Zarma": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Zayse": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Zazaki": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Zoque (Chimalapa)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Zoque (Copainalá)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Popoluca (Sierra)": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Zulu": "Two or more of above types with none dominant", "Zuni": "Demonstrative word precedes noun", "Zapotec (Yatzachi)": "Demonstrative word follows noun", "Zapotec (Zoogocho)": "Demonstrative word follows noun" }
89A
Order of Numeral and Noun
Word Order
What is the order of numeral and noun in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Numeral precedes noun; Numeral follows noun; Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant; Numeral only modifies verb
{ "Arapesh (Abu)": "Numeral follows noun", "Aari": "Numeral follows noun", "Abau": "Numeral follows noun", "Abkhaz": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Arbore": "Numeral follows noun", "Abun": "Numeral follows noun", "Abui": "Numeral follows noun", "Acehnese": "Numeral precedes noun", "Acholi": "Numeral follows noun", "Achang": "Numeral follows noun", "Acoma": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Adang": "Numeral follows noun", "Adioukrou": "Numeral follows noun", "Adzera": "Numeral follows noun", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Agarabi": "Numeral precedes noun", "Leggbó": "Numeral follows noun", "Agta (Central)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Agta (Dupaningan)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Aghem": "Numeral follows noun", "Angami": "Numeral follows noun", "Anguthimri": "Numeral follows noun", "Ainu": "Numeral precedes noun", "Aja": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Ajagbe": "Numeral follows noun", "Akha": "Numeral follows noun", "Akan": "Numeral follows noun", "Alamblak": "Numeral precedes noun", "Albanian": "Numeral precedes noun", "Arop-Lokep": "Numeral follows noun", "Ala'ala": "Numeral follows noun", "Alune": "Numeral follows noun", "Alsea": "Numeral precedes noun", "Alyawarra": "Numeral follows noun", "Amara": "Numeral follows noun", "Ambulas": "Numeral follows noun", "Amele": "Numeral follows noun", "Amharic": "Numeral precedes noun", "Amis": "Numeral precedes noun", "Amarakaeri": "Numeral precedes noun", "Ambae (Lolovoli Northeast)": "Numeral follows noun", "Amo": "Numeral follows noun", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "Numeral follows noun", "Ambai": "Numeral follows noun", "Arabic (Moroccan)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Arabic (Modern Standard)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Amdo (Themchen)": "Numeral follows noun", "Anamuxra": "Numeral follows noun", "Araona": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Angas": "Numeral follows noun", "Anêm": "Numeral follows noun", "Anggor": "Numeral follows noun", "//Ani": "Numeral precedes noun", "Anejom": "Numeral follows noun", "Anong": "Numeral follows noun", "Anufo": "Numeral follows noun", "Anywa": "Numeral follows noun", "Ao": "Numeral follows noun", "Mufian": "Numeral follows noun", "Apalaí": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Apatani": "Numeral follows noun", "Apurinã": "Numeral precedes noun", "Apache (Western)": "Numeral follows noun", "Lokono": "Numeral precedes noun", "Archi": "Numeral precedes noun", "Arabic (Gulf)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Arabic (Kuwaiti)": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Arosi": "Numeral precedes noun", "Arapesh (Mountain)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Arabic (Iraqi)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Armenian (Western)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Asmat": "Numeral follows noun", "Assamese": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Arabic (Syrian)": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Atayal": "Numeral precedes noun", "Athpare": "Numeral precedes noun", "Atakapa": "Numeral follows noun", "Au": "Numeral follows noun", "Avar": "Numeral precedes noun", "Awa": "Numeral precedes noun", "Arrernte (Western)": "Numeral follows noun", "Aekyom": "Numeral follows noun", "Awa Pit": "Numeral precedes noun", "Awtuw": "Numeral follows noun", "Awyi": "Numeral follows noun", "Aymara (Central)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Ayomán": "Numeral precedes noun", "Azerbaijani": "Numeral precedes noun", "Barai": "Numeral follows noun", "Babungo": "Numeral follows noun", "Baré": "Numeral precedes noun", "Bagirmi": "Numeral follows noun", "Bai": "Numeral follows noun", "Baka (in Cameroon)": "Numeral follows noun", "Bambara": "Numeral follows noun", "Baure": "Numeral precedes noun", "Bari": "Numeral follows noun", "Basaá": "Numeral follows noun", "Bawm": "Numeral follows noun", "Babole": "Numeral follows noun", "Barambu": "Numeral follows noun", "Bininj Gun-Wok": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Berber (Chaouia)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Badimaya": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Budu": "Numeral follows noun", "Belhare": "Numeral precedes noun", "Bemba": "Numeral follows noun", "Berta": "Numeral follows noun", "Berber (Figuig)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Bafia": "Numeral follows noun", "Bangime": "Numeral follows noun", "Bagiro": "Numeral follows noun", "Bhojpuri": "Numeral precedes noun", "Bidiya": "Numeral follows noun", "Biri": "Numeral precedes noun", "Biak": "Numeral follows noun", "Bilua": "Numeral precedes noun", "Binandere": "Numeral follows noun", "Nai": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Birom": "Numeral follows noun", "Baka (in South Sudan)": "Numeral follows noun", "Batak (Karo)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Brokskat": "Numeral precedes noun", "Bakueri": "Numeral follows noun", "Blackfoot": "Numeral precedes noun", "Baoulé": "Numeral follows noun", "Bilin": "Numeral precedes noun", "Balti": "Numeral follows noun", "Biloxi": "Numeral follows noun", "Balanta": "Numeral follows noun", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Bimoba": "Numeral follows noun", "Bini": "Numeral follows noun", "Banoni": "Numeral follows noun", "Bilinarra": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Boazi (Kuni)": "Numeral follows noun", "Bodo": "Numeral follows noun", "Boko": "Numeral follows noun", "Brao": "Numeral follows noun", "Breton": "Numeral precedes noun", "Berber (Rif)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Bribri": "Numeral follows noun", "Baragaunle": "Numeral follows noun", "Burmese": "Numeral follows noun", "Burunge": "Numeral follows noun", "Barupu": "Numeral follows noun", "Barasano": "Numeral precedes noun", "Baruya": "Numeral follows noun", "Bashkir": "Numeral precedes noun", "Basque": "Numeral precedes noun", "Bontok": "Numeral precedes noun", "Batak (Toba)": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Buduma": "Numeral follows noun", "Bulgarian": "Numeral precedes noun", "Buma": "Numeral follows noun", "Burushaski": "Numeral precedes noun", "Busa": "Numeral follows noun", "Buriat": "Numeral precedes noun", "Buru": "Numeral follows noun", "Bali-Vitu": "Numeral follows noun", "Bajau (West Coast)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Byansi": "Numeral precedes noun", "Chai": "Numeral follows noun", "Cakchiquel": "Numeral precedes noun", "Camsá": "Numeral precedes noun", "Carib": "Numeral precedes noun", "Cashibo": "Numeral follows noun", "Cavineña": "Numeral precedes noun", "Cayapa": "Numeral precedes noun", "Chinantec (Comaltepec)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Choctaw": "Numeral follows noun", "Carib (De'kwana)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Cèmuhî": "Numeral follows noun", "Chamorro": "Numeral precedes noun", "Chechen": "Numeral precedes noun", "Chaudangsi": "Numeral precedes noun", "Cherokee": "Numeral precedes noun", "Chang": "Numeral follows noun", "Chaha": "Numeral precedes noun", "Chimariko": "Numeral follows noun", "Chuj": "Numeral precedes noun", "Chukchi": "Numeral precedes noun", "Chantyal": "Numeral precedes noun", "Chipewyan": "Numeral precedes noun", "Chinantec (Quiotepec)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Chrau": "Numeral precedes noun", "Chin (Siyin)": "Numeral follows noun", "Chuvash": "Numeral precedes noun", "Cham (Western)": "Numeral follows noun", "Chichewa": "Numeral follows noun", "Chinook (Lower)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Chaldean (Modern)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Cholón": "Numeral precedes noun", "Chemehuevi": "Numeral precedes noun", "Camling": "Numeral precedes noun", "Comanche": "Numeral precedes noun", "Chin (Mara)": "Numeral follows noun", "Chontal Maya": "Numeral precedes noun", "Canamarí": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Cantonese": "Numeral precedes noun", "Cocama": "Numeral precedes noun", "Coos (Hanis)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Coptic": "Numeral precedes noun", "Cora": "Numeral precedes noun", "Chinantec (Palantla)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Chepang": "Numeral precedes noun", "Chipaya": "Numeral precedes noun", "Cornish": "Numeral precedes noun", "Crow": "Numeral follows noun", "Carapana": "Numeral precedes noun", "Chatino (Sierra Occidental)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Chin (Tiddim)": "Numeral follows noun", "Catalan": "Numeral precedes noun", "Chitimacha": "Numeral follows noun", "Cubeo": "Numeral precedes noun", "Cuica": "Numeral precedes noun", "Cupeño": "Numeral precedes noun", "Chatino (Yaitepec)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Cayuvava": "Numeral precedes noun", "Czech": "Numeral precedes noun", "Daga": "Numeral follows noun", "Damana": "Numeral precedes noun", "Dan": "Numeral follows noun", "Dâw": "Numeral precedes noun", "Day": "Numeral follows noun", "Donno So": "Numeral follows noun", "Degema": "Numeral follows noun", "Dla (Proper)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Desano": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Deuri": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Dagaare": "Numeral follows noun", "Dagbani": "Numeral follows noun", "Dongo": "Numeral follows noun", "Dagur": "Numeral precedes noun", "Dhaasanac": "Numeral follows noun", "Dhivehi": "Numeral precedes noun", "Dhimal": "Numeral precedes noun", "Didinga": "Numeral follows noun", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "Numeral follows noun", "Digaro": "Numeral follows noun", "Dime": "Numeral follows noun", "Dinka": "Numeral follows noun", "Diola-Fogny": "Numeral follows noun", "Diyari": "Numeral follows noun", "Djapu": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Dla (Menggwa)": "Numeral follows noun", "Duma": "Numeral follows noun", "Dumi": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Dimasa": "Numeral follows noun", "Domari": "Numeral precedes noun", "Dong (Southern)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Doyayo": "Numeral follows noun", "Drehu": "Numeral precedes noun", "Dargwa": "Numeral precedes noun", "Darma": "Numeral precedes noun", "Danish": "Numeral precedes noun", "Duka": "Numeral follows noun", "Dulong": "Numeral follows noun", "Dumo": "Numeral follows noun", "Duna": "Numeral follows noun", "Dutch": "Numeral precedes noun", "Dyirbal": "Numeral follows noun", "Edolo": "Numeral follows noun", "Efik": "Numeral follows noun", "Ega": "Numeral follows noun", "Engenni": "Numeral follows noun", "Eipo": "Numeral follows noun", "Ekari": "Numeral follows noun", "Emberá (Northern)": "Numeral follows noun", "Émérillon": "Numeral precedes noun", "Emmi": "Numeral follows noun", "English": "Numeral precedes noun", "Enggano": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Epena Pedee": "Numeral follows noun", "Efate (South)": "Numeral follows noun", "Erromangan": "Numeral follows noun", "Estonian": "Numeral precedes noun", "Evenki": "Numeral precedes noun", "Ewe": "Numeral follows noun", "Ewondo": "Numeral follows noun", "Fasu": "Numeral follows noun", "Fijian": "Numeral precedes noun", "Finnish": "Numeral precedes noun", "Fongbe": "Numeral follows noun", "Fore": "Numeral follows noun", "French": "Numeral precedes noun", "Fulfulde (Adamawa)": "Numeral follows noun", "Fur": "Numeral follows noun", "Futuna-Aniwa": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Fyem": "Numeral follows noun", "Gaagudju": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Gaelic (Scots)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Gahuku": "Numeral follows noun", "Galo": "Numeral follows noun", "Gamo": "Numeral precedes noun", "Gapapaiwa": "Numeral follows noun", "Garo": "Numeral follows noun", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "Numeral follows noun", "Gbaya (Southwest)": "Numeral follows noun", "Gadsup": "Numeral precedes noun", "Gela": "Numeral precedes noun", "Georgian": "Numeral precedes noun", "German": "Numeral precedes noun", "Gimira": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Giziga": "Numeral follows noun", "Guajajara": "Numeral precedes noun", "Gününa Küne": "Numeral precedes noun", "Gelao": "Numeral precedes noun", "Golin": "Numeral follows noun", "Gumawana": "Numeral follows noun", "Gunbalang": "Numeral precedes noun", "Goajiro": "Numeral precedes noun", "Godoberi": "Numeral precedes noun", "Goemai": "Numeral follows noun", "Gokana": "Numeral precedes noun", "Gondi": "Numeral precedes noun", "Gooniyandi": "Numeral precedes noun", "Grebo": "Numeral follows noun", "Garífuna": "Numeral precedes noun", "Guarijío": "Numeral follows noun", "Greek (Modern)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Garrwa": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Greenlandic (West)": "Numeral follows noun", "Guaraní": "Numeral precedes noun", "Gude": "Numeral follows noun", "Gujarati": "Numeral precedes noun", "Gula (in Central African Republic)": "Numeral follows noun", "Gurung": "Numeral follows noun", "Guugu Yimidhirr": "Numeral follows noun", "Gwari": "Numeral follows noun", "Gworok": "Numeral follows noun", "Gyarong (Cogtse)": "Numeral follows noun", "Haida": "Numeral follows noun", "Hakka": "Numeral precedes noun", "Halia": "Numeral precedes noun", "Hamtai": "Numeral follows noun", "Hani": "Numeral follows noun", "Hatam": "Numeral follows noun", "Hausa": "Numeral follows noun", "Hawaiian": "Numeral precedes noun", "Hayu": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Hdi": "Numeral follows noun", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Hehe": "Numeral follows noun", "Hemba": "Numeral follows noun", "Hanga Hundi": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Hiligaynon": "Numeral precedes noun", "Hindi": "Numeral precedes noun", "Hixkaryana": "Numeral precedes noun", "Halkomelem (Upriver)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Hmar": "Numeral follows noun", "Huitoto (Minica)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Hmong Njua": "Numeral precedes noun", "Mina": "Numeral follows noun", "Hunde": "Numeral follows noun", "Hoava": "Numeral precedes noun", "Holoholo": "Numeral follows noun", "Hopi": "Numeral precedes noun", "Hup": "Numeral precedes noun", "Huastec": "Numeral precedes noun", "Hua": "Numeral precedes noun", "=|Hoan": "Numeral follows noun", "Hungarian": "Numeral precedes noun", "Hupa": "Numeral precedes noun", "Hawrami": "Numeral precedes noun", "Haya": "Numeral follows noun", "Hunzib": "Numeral precedes noun", "Iaai": "Numeral precedes noun", "Iau": "Numeral follows noun", "Iban": "Numeral precedes noun", "Icelandic": "Numeral precedes noun", "Iduna": "Numeral follows noun", "Idu": "Numeral follows noun", "Ifumu": "Numeral follows noun", "Ifugao (Batad)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Igbo": "Numeral follows noun", "Igede": "Numeral follows noun", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Ik": "Numeral follows noun", "Ika": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Imonda": "Numeral follows noun", "Inanwatan": "Numeral follows noun", "Indonesian": "Numeral precedes noun", "Ingush": "Numeral precedes noun", "Innamincka": "Numeral follows noun", "Iquito": "Numeral precedes noun", "Irish": "Numeral precedes noun", "Iraqw": "Numeral follows noun", "Irarutu": "Numeral follows noun", "Iranxe": "Numeral follows noun", "I'saka": "Numeral follows noun", "Italian": "Numeral precedes noun", "Itelmen": "Numeral precedes noun", "Iwaidja": "Numeral precedes noun", "Iwam": "Numeral follows noun", "Izi": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Jabêm": "Numeral follows noun", "Jad": "Numeral follows noun", "Jakaltek": "Numeral precedes noun", "Jaminjung": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Jaqaru": "Numeral precedes noun", "Jeli": "Numeral follows noun", "Jivaro": "Numeral precedes noun", "Jamsay": "Numeral follows noun", "Jingpho": "Numeral follows noun", "Johari": "Numeral precedes noun", "Japanese": "Numeral precedes noun", "Ju|'hoan": "Numeral follows noun", "Jukun": "Numeral follows noun", "Karajá": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Karó (Arára)": "Numeral only modifies verb", "Kachari": "Numeral follows noun", "Kaki Ae": "Numeral follows noun", "Kana": "Numeral precedes noun", "Kara (in Central African Republic)": "Numeral follows noun", "Kashmiri": "Numeral precedes noun", "Kaulong": "Numeral follows noun", "Kayardild": "Numeral precedes noun", "Kabatei": "Numeral precedes noun", "Karen (Bwe)": "Numeral follows noun", "Koyra Chiini": "Numeral follows noun", "Kadazan": "Numeral precedes noun", "Kele": "Numeral follows noun", "Kenga": "Numeral follows noun", "Kera": "Numeral follows noun", "Ket": "Numeral precedes noun", "Kewa": "Numeral follows noun", "Koromfe": "Numeral follows noun", "Kinga": "Numeral follows noun", "Kagulu": "Numeral follows noun", "Kalkatungu": "Numeral precedes noun", "Kyirong": "Numeral follows noun", "Kirghiz": "Numeral precedes noun", "Khalkha": "Numeral precedes noun", "Kham (Dege)": "Numeral follows noun", "Khaling": "Numeral precedes noun", "Khalaj": "Numeral precedes noun", "Khmer": "Numeral follows noun", "Nama": "Numeral precedes noun", "Kharia": "Numeral precedes noun", "Khasi": "Numeral precedes noun", "Kire": "Numeral follows noun", "Kimaghama": "Numeral follows noun", "Kinyarwanda": "Numeral follows noun", "Kiowa": "Numeral precedes noun", "Kirma": "Numeral follows noun", "Kisi": "Numeral follows noun", "Kiwai (Southern)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Koreguaje": "Numeral follows noun", "Karakalpak": "Numeral precedes noun", "Kokota": "Numeral precedes noun", "Korku": "Numeral precedes noun", "Lusi": "Numeral follows noun", "Klamath": "Numeral precedes noun", "Kalam": "Numeral follows noun", "Koluri": "Numeral precedes noun", "Kilivila": "Numeral precedes noun", "Kamaiurá": "Numeral precedes noun", "Kombai": "Numeral follows noun", "Kham": "Numeral precedes noun", "Kami": "Numeral follows noun", "Karimojong": "Numeral follows noun", "Kuman": "Numeral follows noun", "Koiali (Mountain)": "Numeral follows noun", "Kunimaipa": "Numeral follows noun", "Kamoro": "Numeral follows noun", "Khmu'": "Numeral follows noun", "Kamasau": "Numeral follows noun", "Kanum (Bädi)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Kugu Nganhcara": "Numeral follows noun", "Kannada": "Numeral precedes noun", "Konni": "Numeral follows noun", "Kanakuru": "Numeral follows noun", "Kunama": "Numeral follows noun", "Kinnauri": "Numeral precedes noun", "Kanoê": "Numeral precedes noun", "Kanuri": "Numeral follows noun", "Kham (Tibetan) (Nangchen)": "Numeral follows noun", "Koasati": "Numeral follows noun", "Kobon": "Numeral follows noun", "Koegu": "Numeral follows noun", "Kokborok": "Numeral follows noun", "Kolami": "Numeral precedes noun", "Kongo": "Numeral follows noun", "Komi-Permyak": "Numeral precedes noun", "Korean": "Numeral precedes noun", "Kosraean": "Numeral follows noun", "Koya": "Numeral precedes noun", "Kpelle": "Numeral follows noun", "Kapampangan": "Numeral precedes noun", "Karen (Pwo)": "Numeral follows noun", "Krenak": "Numeral follows noun", "Kiribati": "Numeral precedes noun", "Karachay-Balkar": "Numeral precedes noun", "Kurdish (Central)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Kresh": "Numeral precedes noun", "Kipea": "Numeral precedes noun", "Karok": "Numeral precedes noun", "Korana": "Numeral precedes noun", "Krongo": "Numeral follows noun", "Kairiru": "Numeral follows noun", "Kryz": "Numeral precedes noun", "Koyraboro Senni": "Numeral follows noun", "Karen (Sgaw)": "Numeral follows noun", "Kasong": "Numeral follows noun", "Koita": "Numeral follows noun", "Katcha": "Numeral follows noun", "Kete": "Numeral follows noun", "Kati (in West Papua, Indonesia)": "Numeral follows noun", "Katu": "Numeral precedes noun", "Khanty": "Numeral precedes noun", "Kumauni": "Numeral precedes noun", "Kuot": "Numeral precedes noun", "Kutenai": "Numeral precedes noun", "Kuuku Ya'u": "Numeral follows noun", "Kuvi": "Numeral precedes noun", "Kwaio": "Numeral precedes noun", "Kwerba": "Numeral follows noun", "Kwangali": "Numeral follows noun", "Kwoma": "Numeral precedes noun", "Kwomtari": "Numeral follows noun", "Iwoyo": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Kxoe": "Numeral precedes noun", "Kuku-Yalanji": "Numeral precedes noun", "Kyaka": "Numeral follows noun", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "Numeral follows noun", "Koyukon": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Kanyok": "Numeral follows noun", "Kayabí": "Numeral precedes noun", "Komi-Zyrian": "Numeral precedes noun", "Labu": "Numeral follows noun", "Lacandón": "Numeral precedes noun", "Ladakhi": "Numeral follows noun", "Lagwan": "Numeral follows noun", "Lahu": "Numeral follows noun", "Lai": "Numeral follows noun", "Lalo": "Numeral follows noun", "Lango": "Numeral follows noun", "Lao": "Numeral follows noun", "Laragia": "Numeral follows noun", "Latvian": "Numeral precedes noun", "Lavukaleve": "Numeral follows noun", "Lunda": "Numeral follows noun", "Luganda": "Numeral follows noun", "Londo": "Numeral follows noun", "Lendu": "Numeral precedes noun", "Lebeo": "Numeral follows noun", "Leko": "Numeral precedes noun", "Lele": "Numeral follows noun", "Lenakel": "Numeral follows noun", "Lepcha": "Numeral follows noun", "Lese": "Numeral follows noun", "Leti": "Numeral follows noun", "Lewo": "Numeral follows noun", "Lezgian": "Numeral precedes noun", "Langi": "Numeral follows noun", "Logoti": "Numeral follows noun", "Longgu": "Numeral precedes noun", "Hlai (Baoding)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Limbu": "Numeral precedes noun", "Lisu": "Numeral follows noun", "Lithuanian": "Numeral precedes noun", "Lakhota": "Numeral follows noun", "Lelemi": "Numeral follows noun", "Lamang": "Numeral follows noun", "Lamaholot": "Numeral follows noun", "Limilngan": "Numeral follows noun", "Lamani": "Numeral precedes noun", "Lampung": "Numeral precedes noun", "Lamen": "Numeral follows noun", "Linda": "Numeral follows noun", "Loniu": "Numeral follows noun", "Lotha": "Numeral follows noun", "Lugbara": "Numeral follows noun", "Luiseño": "Numeral precedes noun", "Luo": "Numeral follows noun", "Luvale": "Numeral follows noun", "Ma": "Numeral follows noun", "Maasai": "Numeral follows noun", "Maba": "Numeral follows noun", "Macushi": "Numeral precedes noun", "Ma'di": "Numeral follows noun", "Mae": "Numeral follows noun", "Magar": "Numeral precedes noun", "Maithili": "Numeral precedes noun", "Majang": "Numeral follows noun", "Makah": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Malagasy": "Numeral follows noun", "Mam": "Numeral precedes noun", "Mano": "Numeral follows noun", "Maori": "Numeral follows noun", "Mapudungun": "Numeral precedes noun", "Maricopa": "Numeral follows noun", "Masa": "Numeral follows noun", "Maung": "Numeral precedes noun", "Maninka (Western)": "Numeral follows noun", "Maybrat": "Numeral follows noun", "Mba": "Numeral follows noun", "Mbere": "Numeral follows noun", "Mbole": "Numeral follows noun", "Mbum": "Numeral follows noun", "Mbara": "Numeral follows noun", "Mangbetu": "Numeral follows noun", "Mbay": "Numeral follows noun", "Mixe (Coatlán)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Mocoví": "Numeral precedes noun", "Mada (in Cameroon)": "Numeral follows noun", "Mende": "Numeral follows noun", "Mundang": "Numeral follows noun", "Matngele": "Numeral follows noun", "Mandan": "Numeral follows noun", "Mbodomo": "Numeral follows noun", "Manadonese": "Numeral precedes noun", "Mbosi": "Numeral follows noun", "Meyah": "Numeral follows noun", "Me'en": "Numeral follows noun", "Mehri": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Meithei": "Numeral follows noun", "Menomini": "Numeral precedes noun", "Meryam Mir": "Numeral precedes noun", "Menya": "Numeral follows noun", "Mondunga": "Numeral follows noun", "Mangghuer": "Numeral precedes noun", "Magi": "Numeral follows noun", "Mungaka": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Mongo": "Numeral follows noun", "Mango": "Numeral follows noun", "Musgu": "Numeral follows noun", "Marathi": "Numeral precedes noun", "Miri (Hill):": "Numeral follows noun", "Mien": "Numeral precedes noun", "Miju": "Numeral follows noun", "Mikir": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Minangkabau": "Numeral precedes noun", "Miskito": "Numeral precedes noun", "Miya": "Numeral follows noun", "Mizo": "Numeral follows noun", "Mauka": "Numeral follows noun", "Makonde": "Numeral follows noun", "Mandinka (Gambian)": "Numeral follows noun", "Maklew": "Numeral follows noun", "Maranungku": "Numeral follows noun", "Malgwa": "Numeral follows noun", "Malakmalak": "Numeral follows noun", "Maleu": "Numeral follows noun", "Mambai": "Numeral follows noun", "Mamanwa": "Numeral precedes noun", "Mamvu": "Numeral follows noun", "Mambwe": "Numeral follows noun", "Muna": "Numeral precedes noun", "Mandarin": "Numeral precedes noun", "Manggarai": "Numeral precedes noun", "Moni": "Numeral follows noun", "Manam": "Numeral follows noun", "Mansi": "Numeral precedes noun", "Minaveha": "Numeral follows noun", "Munzombo": "Numeral follows noun", "Mono-Alu": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Mofu-Gudur": "Numeral follows noun", "Mohawk": "Numeral precedes noun", "Mokilese": "Numeral follows noun", "Mombum": "Numeral follows noun", "Mon": "Numeral follows noun", "Mooré": "Numeral follows noun", "Mor": "Numeral follows noun", "Motuna": "Numeral follows noun", "Moru": "Numeral follows noun", "Mpongwe": "Numeral follows noun", "Maipure": "Numeral precedes noun", "Mian": "Numeral follows noun", "Mpur": "Numeral follows noun", "Marchha": "Numeral precedes noun", "Marind": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Margi": "Numeral follows noun", "Marrithiyel": "Numeral follows noun", "Moraori": "Numeral follows noun", "Murle": "Numeral follows noun", "Moro": "Numeral follows noun", "Marquesan": "Numeral precedes noun", "Maringarr": "Numeral follows noun", "Martuthunira": "Numeral precedes noun", "Maru": "Numeral follows noun", "Muisca": "Numeral follows noun", "Mising": "Numeral follows noun", "Masakin": "Numeral follows noun", "Masalit": "Numeral follows noun", "Musom": "Numeral follows noun", "Musqueam": "Numeral precedes noun", "Miwok (Southern Sierra)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Matuumbi": "Numeral follows noun", "Malto": "Numeral precedes noun", "Matis": "Numeral follows noun", "Makua": "Numeral follows noun", "Mundani": "Numeral follows noun", "Mumuye": "Numeral follows noun", "Mundari": "Numeral precedes noun", "Mupun": "Numeral follows noun", "Mursi": "Numeral follows noun", "Mussau": "Numeral precedes noun", "Mwera": "Numeral follows noun", "Mwotlap": "Numeral follows noun", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Ifira-Mele": "Numeral follows noun", "Mixtec (Jicaltepec)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Mixtec (Ocotepec)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Mixtec (Peñoles)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Mixe (Ayutla)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Mixtec (Yosondúa)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Mayogo": "Numeral follows noun", "Mangarrayi": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Malayalam": "Numeral precedes noun", "Ma'anyan": "Numeral follows noun", "Nabak": "Numeral follows noun", "Neo-Aramaic (Arbel Jewish)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Nakanai": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Nalik": "Numeral follows noun", "Namia": "Numeral follows noun", "Nandi": "Numeral follows noun", "Nasioi": "Numeral precedes noun", "Navajo": "Numeral precedes noun", "Naxi": "Numeral follows noun", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Numeral follows noun", "Ngäbere": "Numeral follows noun", "Nicobarese (Car)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Ncàm": "Numeral follows noun", "Nande": "Numeral follows noun", "Ngbandi": "Numeral follows noun", "Ndjébbana": "Numeral follows noun", "Ndonga": "Numeral follows noun", "Ndut": "Numeral follows noun", "Ndumu": "Numeral follows noun", "Ndyuka": "Numeral precedes noun", "Nehan": "Numeral precedes noun", "Nepali": "Numeral precedes noun", "Nevome": "Numeral precedes noun", "Newari (Kathmandu)": "Numeral follows noun", "Neyo": "Numeral follows noun", "Nez Perce": "Numeral precedes noun", "Ngbaka (Minagende)": "Numeral follows noun", "Ngad'a": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Ngan'gityemerri": "Numeral follows noun", "Ngankikurungkurr": "Numeral follows noun", "Ngambay": "Numeral follows noun", "Ngandi": "Numeral follows noun", "Ngoni": "Numeral follows noun", "Naga (Tangkhul)": "Numeral follows noun", "Nguna": "Numeral follows noun", "Ngawun": "Numeral precedes noun", "Ngizim": "Numeral follows noun", "Nahuatl (Huasteca)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Nahuatl (Michoacán)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Nahuatl (North Puebla)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Nias": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Nyishi": "Numeral follows noun", "Niuean": "Numeral precedes noun", "Nivkh": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Nkonya": "Numeral follows noun", "Nkore-Kiga": "Numeral follows noun", "Nubian (Kunuz)": "Numeral follows noun", "Naga (Mao)": "Numeral follows noun", "Manange": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Nengone": "Numeral precedes noun", "Nankina": "Numeral follows noun", "Nocte": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Noni": "Numeral follows noun", "Noon": "Numeral follows noun", "Norwegian": "Numeral precedes noun", "Nar-Phu": "Numeral follows noun", "Nanerge": "Numeral follows noun", "Nisgha": "Numeral precedes noun", "Nisenan": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Ngiti": "Numeral precedes noun", "Ngaanyatjarra": "Numeral follows noun", "Ntomba": "Numeral follows noun", "Nenets": "Numeral precedes noun", "Nuaulu": "Numeral follows noun", "Nuer": "Numeral follows noun", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Nupe": "Numeral follows noun", "Nusu": "Numeral follows noun", "Nuuchahnulth": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Newar (Dolakha)": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Nyiha": "Numeral follows noun", "Nyamkad": "Numeral follows noun", "Nyamwezi": "Numeral follows noun", "Nyulnyul": "Numeral precedes noun", "Nzakara": "Numeral follows noun", "Naga (Zeme)": "Numeral follows noun", "Ogbronuagum": "Numeral precedes noun", "Obolo": "Numeral follows noun", "Ocuilteco": "Numeral precedes noun", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Oksapmin": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Olo": "Numeral follows noun", "Omaha": "Numeral follows noun", "Ömie": "Numeral follows noun", "O'odham": "Numeral precedes noun", "Emai": "Numeral follows noun", "Ordos": "Numeral precedes noun", "Oromo (Harar)": "Numeral follows noun", "Orig": "Numeral follows noun", "Orok": "Numeral precedes noun", "Orokaiva": "Numeral follows noun", "Oromo (Waata)": "Numeral follows noun", "Ossetic": "Numeral precedes noun", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Otoro": "Numeral follows noun", "Owininga": "Numeral follows noun", "Oriya": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Pa'a": "Numeral follows noun", "Páez": "Numeral precedes noun", "Paiwan": "Numeral follows noun", "Palauan": "Numeral precedes noun", "Pame": "Numeral precedes noun", "Panjabi": "Numeral precedes noun", "Päri": "Numeral follows noun", "Patep": "Numeral follows noun", "Paumarí": "Numeral follows noun", "Pawaian": "Numeral follows noun", "Pima Bajo": "Numeral precedes noun", "Folopa": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Pero": "Numeral follows noun", "Piaroa": "Numeral follows noun", "Pipil": "Numeral precedes noun", "Piro": "Numeral precedes noun", "Pisa": "Numeral follows noun", "Pitjantjatjara": "Numeral follows noun", "Paakantyi": "Numeral precedes noun", "Pokot": "Numeral follows noun", "Palaung": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Paulohi": "Numeral follows noun", "Palikur": "Numeral precedes noun", "Pomo (Northern)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Paamese": "Numeral follows noun", "Pangasinan": "Numeral precedes noun", "Paiute (Northern)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Bunu (Younuo)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Panará": "Numeral follows noun", "Panyjima": "Numeral precedes noun", "Podoko": "Numeral follows noun", "Pohnpeian": "Numeral follows noun", "Poko-Rawo": "Numeral follows noun", "Polish": "Numeral precedes noun", "Piapoco": "Numeral precedes noun", "Prasuni": "Numeral precedes noun", "Pare": "Numeral follows noun", "Pirahã": "Numeral follows noun", "Purki": "Numeral follows noun", "Persian": "Numeral precedes noun", "Pashto": "Numeral precedes noun", "Pomo (Southeastern)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Port Sandwich": "Numeral follows noun", "Pattani": "Numeral precedes noun", "Puluwat": "Numeral precedes noun", "Pumi": "Numeral follows noun", "Pungupungu": "Numeral follows noun", "Purépecha": "Numeral precedes noun", "Pawnee": "Numeral precedes noun", "Qafar": "Numeral precedes noun", "Qawasqar": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Quechua (Huallaga)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Qiang": "Numeral follows noun", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Quileute": "Numeral precedes noun", "Sipakapense": "Numeral precedes noun", "Raga": "Numeral follows noun", "Ralte": "Numeral follows noun", "Rama": "Numeral follows noun", "Rapanui": "Numeral precedes noun", "Rawang": "Numeral follows noun", "Remo": "Numeral precedes noun", "Resígaro": "Numeral precedes noun", "Retuarã": "Numeral precedes noun", "Ronga": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "rGyalrong (Caodeng)": "Numeral follows noun", "Runyankore": "Numeral follows noun", "Romanian": "Numeral precedes noun", "Ron": "Numeral follows noun", "Rotuman": "Numeral follows noun", "Roviana": "Numeral precedes noun", "Rang Pas": "Numeral precedes noun", "Romansch (Sursilvan)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Rukai (Tanan)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Rumu": "Numeral follows noun", "Runga": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Russian": "Numeral precedes noun", "Rutul": "Numeral precedes noun", "Rawa": "Numeral follows noun", "Romani (Welsh)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Sa'a": "Numeral precedes noun", "Sahu": "Numeral follows noun", "Sakao": "Numeral follows noun", "Salinan": "Numeral precedes noun", "Samoan": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Sango": "Numeral follows noun", "Sare": "Numeral precedes noun", "Serbian-Croatian": "Numeral precedes noun", "Sandawe": "Numeral follows noun", "Sebei": "Numeral follows noun", "Secoya": "Numeral precedes noun", "Sedang": "Numeral precedes noun", "Seediq": "Numeral precedes noun", "Sema": "Numeral follows noun", "Seri": "Numeral follows noun", "Sougb": "Numeral follows noun", "Sangu": "Numeral follows noun", "Shabo": "Numeral precedes noun", "Sherpa": "Numeral follows noun", "Shiriana": "Numeral precedes noun", "Shipibo-Konibo": "Numeral precedes noun", "Shilluk": "Numeral follows noun", "Shona": "Numeral follows noun", "Klikitat": "Numeral precedes noun", "Shatt": "Numeral follows noun", "Sidaama": "Numeral precedes noun", "Siona": "Numeral precedes noun", "Sio": "Numeral follows noun", "Siar": "Numeral precedes noun", "Sisiqa": "Numeral precedes noun", "Siuslaw": "Numeral precedes noun", "Sikkimese": "Numeral follows noun", "Skou": "Numeral follows noun", "Selkup": "Numeral precedes noun", "Suku": "Numeral follows noun", "Slave": "Numeral follows noun", "Saliba (in Papua New Guinea)": "Numeral follows noun", "Samba Leko": "Numeral follows noun", "Slovene": "Numeral precedes noun", "Selepet": "Numeral follows noun", "Semelai": "Numeral precedes noun", "Seminole": "Numeral follows noun", "Shompen": "Numeral precedes noun", "Shina": "Numeral precedes noun", "Sinaugoro": "Numeral follows noun", "Sinhala": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Sentani": "Numeral follows noun", "So": "Numeral follows noun", "Sobei": "Numeral follows noun", "Somali": "Numeral precedes noun", "Sonsorol-Tobi": "Numeral precedes noun", "Spanish": "Numeral precedes noun", "Spitian": "Numeral follows noun", "Squamish": "Numeral precedes noun", "Sarcee": "Numeral precedes noun", "Sardinian": "Numeral precedes noun", "Sre": "Numeral precedes noun", "Siroi": "Numeral follows noun", "Santa": "Numeral precedes noun", "Stieng": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Santali": "Numeral precedes noun", "Sudest": "Numeral follows noun", "Suena": "Numeral follows noun", "Suki": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Sulka": "Numeral follows noun", "Sundanese": "Numeral precedes noun", "Supyire": "Numeral follows noun", "Savosavo": "Numeral precedes noun", "Swahili": "Numeral follows noun", "Swedish": "Numeral precedes noun", "Swati": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Taba": "Numeral follows noun", "Taiof": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tagalog": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tahitian": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Tajik": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tamang (Eastern)": "Numeral follows noun", "Tarao": "Numeral follows noun", "Tariana": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tatana'": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tauya": "Numeral follows noun", "Tawala": "Numeral follows noun", "Tabare": "Numeral follows noun", "Tabla": "Numeral follows noun", "Tboli": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tobati": "Numeral follows noun", "Tubu": "Numeral follows noun", "Tabwa": "Numeral follows noun", "Tibetan (Dingri)": "Numeral follows noun", "Tibetan (Drokpa)": "Numeral follows noun", "Tepehua (Huehuetla)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Telugu": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tennet": "Numeral follows noun", "Teop": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tepehua (Tlachichilco)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tera": "Numeral follows noun", "Teso": "Numeral follows noun", "Tetela": "Numeral follows noun", "Tuareg (Ghat)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tigak": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tshangla": "Numeral follows noun", "Tugun": "Numeral follows noun", "Tsogo": "Numeral follows noun", "Tigré": "Numeral precedes noun", "Thai": "Numeral follows noun", "Thadou": "Numeral follows noun", "Thakali": "Numeral follows noun", "Thangmi": "Numeral precedes noun", "Thompson": "Numeral precedes noun", "Thulung": "Numeral precedes noun", "Kuuk Thaayorre": "Numeral follows noun", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "Numeral follows noun", "Ticuna": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tidore": "Numeral follows noun", "Tikar": "Numeral follows noun", "Timugon": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tinrin": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tibetan (Shigatse)": "Numeral follows noun", "Tiwi": "Numeral precedes noun", "Takelma": "Numeral follows noun", "Turkmen": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tolai": "Numeral precedes noun", "Telefol": "Numeral follows noun", "Tlingit": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tobelo": "Numeral follows noun", "Tlapanec": "Numeral precedes noun", "Talysh (Southern)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tamil": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tamabo": "Numeral follows noun", "Temein": "Numeral follows noun", "Tibetan (Modern Literary)": "Numeral follows noun", "Turkana": "Numeral follows noun", "Temne": "Numeral follows noun", "Tongan": "Numeral follows noun", "Tinani": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tungak": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tunen": "Numeral follows noun", "Tondano": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Toba": "Numeral precedes noun", "Southern Toussian": "Numeral follows noun", "Tonga (in Zambia)": "Numeral follows noun", "Tepehuan (Northern)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tupuri": "Numeral follows noun", "Tapieté": "Numeral precedes noun", "Teribe": "Numeral follows noun", "Trique (Copala)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tairora": "Numeral follows noun", "Trumai": "Numeral precedes noun", "Torwali": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tsafiki": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tamashek": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tsez": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tetun Dili": "Numeral follows noun", "Tutelo": "Numeral follows noun", "Tetun": "Numeral follows noun", "Tsova-Tush": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tucano": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tukang Besi": "Numeral follows noun", "Tulu": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tumleo": "Numeral follows noun", "Turkish": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tuyuca": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tuvaluan": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tatar": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tutsa": "Numeral follows noun", "Tarahumara (Western)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Tzutujil": "Numeral precedes noun", "Ubykh": "Numeral precedes noun", "Udi": "Numeral precedes noun", "Udmurt": "Numeral precedes noun", "Ukrainian": "Numeral precedes noun", "Uldeme": "Numeral follows noun", "Ulithian": "Numeral precedes noun", "Una": "Numeral follows noun", "Ungarinjin": "Numeral follows noun", "Ura": "Numeral follows noun", "Urdu": "Numeral precedes noun", "Urubú-Kaapor": "Numeral precedes noun", "Urak Lawoi'": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Urarina": "Numeral precedes noun", "Urat": "Numeral follows noun", "Usan": "Numeral follows noun", "Usarufa": "Numeral precedes noun", "Ute": "Numeral precedes noun", "Uzbek": "Numeral precedes noun", "Vafsi": "Numeral precedes noun", "Vai": "Numeral follows noun", "Venda": "Numeral follows noun", "Vietnamese": "Numeral precedes noun", "Vili": "Numeral follows noun", "Vinmavis": "Numeral follows noun", "Wagiman": "Numeral follows noun", "Wahgi": "Numeral follows noun", "Wakhi": "Numeral precedes noun", "Walman": "Numeral follows noun", "Wappo": "Numeral follows noun", "Wari'": "Numeral only modifies verb", "Washo": "Numeral precedes noun", "Watjarri": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Wambon": "Both orders of numeral and noun with neither order dominant", "Wichí": "Numeral precedes noun", "Welsh": "Numeral precedes noun", "Wichita": "Numeral precedes noun", "Wolof": "Numeral precedes noun", "Wolio": "Numeral precedes noun", "Wolaytta": "Numeral precedes noun", "West Makian": "Numeral follows noun", "Wambule": "Numeral precedes noun", "Wik Munkan": "Numeral follows noun", "Wan": "Numeral follows noun", "Woisika": "Numeral follows noun", "Woleaian": "Numeral precedes noun", "Warao": "Numeral follows noun", "Wardaman": "Numeral precedes noun", "Warekena": "Numeral precedes noun", "Warrwa": "Numeral precedes noun", "Waskia": "Numeral follows noun", "Waama": "Numeral follows noun", "/Xam": "Numeral follows noun", "Xârâcùù": "Numeral precedes noun", "Xasonga": "Numeral follows noun", "Kombio": "Numeral follows noun", "Xhosa": "Numeral follows noun", "Yagua": "Numeral precedes noun", "Yale (Kosarek)": "Numeral follows noun", "Yapese": "Numeral precedes noun", "Yaqui": "Numeral precedes noun", "Yareba": "Numeral follows noun", "Yay": "Numeral precedes noun", "Yei": "Numeral precedes noun", "Yelî Dnye": "Numeral follows noun", "Yagaria": "Numeral follows noun", "Nuosu": "Numeral follows noun", "Yidiny": "Numeral follows noun", "Yindjibarndi": "Numeral precedes noun", "Yi (Wuding-Luquan)": "Numeral follows noun", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Yelmek": "Numeral follows noun", "Yingkarta": "Numeral precedes noun", "Yanyuwa": "Numeral precedes noun", "Yokuts (Yaudanchi)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Yoruba": "Numeral follows noun", "Yaqay": "Numeral follows noun", "Yukaghir (Tundra)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Yuchi": "Numeral follows noun", "Yulu": "Numeral follows noun", "Yurok": "Numeral precedes noun", "Beria": "Numeral follows noun", "Zapotec (Isthmus)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Zande": "Numeral follows noun", "Zapotec (Mitla)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Zarma": "Numeral follows noun", "Zayse": "Numeral precedes noun", "Zazaki": "Numeral precedes noun", "Zoque (Chimalapa)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Zenaga": "Numeral precedes noun", "Zhuang (Northern)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Zuni": "Numeral precedes noun", "Zapotec (Yatzachi)": "Numeral precedes noun", "Zapotec (Zoogocho)": "Numeral precedes noun" }
90A
Order of Relative Clause and Noun
Word Order
What is the order of relative clause and noun in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Relative clause follows noun; Relative clause precedes noun; Internally-headed relative clause; Correlative relative clause; Adjoined relative clause; Double-headed relative clause; Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant
{ "Aari": "Relative clause follows noun", "Abipón": "Relative clause follows noun", "Abkhaz": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Arbore": "Relative clause follows noun", "Abun": "Relative clause follows noun", "Abui": "Relative clause follows noun", "Acehnese": "Relative clause follows noun", "Achagua": "Relative clause follows noun", "Acholi": "Relative clause follows noun", "Achang": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Adioukrou": "Relative clause follows noun", "Adzera": "Relative clause follows noun", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Angami": "Relative clause follows noun", "Ainu": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Ajagbe": "Relative clause follows noun", "Akha": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Alamblak": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Albanian": "Relative clause follows noun", "Arop-Lokep": "Relative clause follows noun", "Ala'ala": "Relative clause follows noun", "Alyawarra": "Relative clause follows noun", "Ambulas": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Amele": "Relative clause follows noun", "Amharic": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Amis": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Ambae (Lolovoli Northeast)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Amo": "Relative clause follows noun", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Ambai": "Relative clause follows noun", "Arabic (Moroccan)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Amdo (Themchen)": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Araona": "Relative clause follows noun", "Angas": "Relative clause follows noun", "Anggor": "Relative clause follows noun", "Anejom": "Relative clause follows noun", "Anufo": "Relative clause follows noun", "Anywa": "Relative clause follows noun", "Ao": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Mufian": "Relative clause follows noun", "Apatani": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Apurinã": "Relative clause follows noun", "Apache (Western)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Lokono": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Arabic (Gulf)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Arabic (Kuwaiti)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Arosi": "Relative clause follows noun", "Arabic (Iraqi)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Armenian (Western)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Asmat": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Arabic (Syrian)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Athpare": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Awa": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Arrernte (Western)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Awtuw": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Azari (Iranian)": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Barai": "Relative clause follows noun", "Babungo": "Relative clause follows noun", "Bagirmi": "Relative clause follows noun", "Bai": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Bajau (Sama)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Bambara": "Correlative relative clause", "Baure": "Relative clause follows noun", "Bari": "Relative clause follows noun", "Bawm": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Babole": "Relative clause follows noun", "Barambu": "Relative clause follows noun", "Bella Coola": "Relative clause follows noun", "Beja": "Relative clause follows noun", "Belhare": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Berta": "Relative clause follows noun", "Berber (Figuig)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Bafia": "Relative clause follows noun", "Bagiro": "Relative clause follows noun", "Bidiya": "Relative clause follows noun", "Biri": "Relative clause follows noun", "Biak": "Relative clause follows noun", "Bilua": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Nai": "Relative clause follows noun", "Birom": "Relative clause follows noun", "Baka (in South Sudan)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Batak (Karo)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Bakueri": "Relative clause follows noun", "Blackfoot": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Belorussian": "Relative clause follows noun", "Balti": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Bimoba": "Relative clause follows noun", "Bini": "Relative clause follows noun", "Bobangi": "Relative clause follows noun", "Bodo": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Boko": "Relative clause follows noun", "Breton": "Relative clause follows noun", "Berber (Rif)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Brahui": "Relative clause follows noun", "Baragaunle": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Burmese": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Burunge": "Relative clause follows noun", "Barupu": "Relative clause follows noun", "Barasano": "Relative clause follows noun", "Bushoong": "Relative clause follows noun", "Bashkir": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Basque": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Basari": "Relative clause follows noun", "Bontok": "Relative clause follows noun", "Batak (Toba)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Buduma": "Relative clause follows noun", "Bugis": "Relative clause follows noun", "Bulgarian": "Relative clause follows noun", "Buma": "Relative clause follows noun", "Burushaski": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Busa": "Relative clause follows noun", "Buru": "Relative clause follows noun", "Bali-Vitu": "Relative clause follows noun", "Bajau (West Coast)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Byansi": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Cahuilla": "Relative clause follows noun", "Cakchiquel": "Relative clause follows noun", "Cavineña": "Relative clause follows noun", "Campa (Axininca)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Chinantec (Comaltepec)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Choctaw": "Internally-headed relative clause", "Carib (De'kwana)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Cebuano": "Relative clause follows noun", "Cèmuhî": "Relative clause follows noun", "Chamorro": "Relative clause follows noun", "Chechen": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Cherokee": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Chang": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Chaha": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Chimariko": "Internally-headed relative clause", "Chuj": "Relative clause follows noun", "Chukchi": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Chantyal": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Chipewyan": "Relative clause follows noun", "Chinantec (Quiotepec)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Chrau": "Relative clause follows noun", "Chin (Siyin)": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Chuvash": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Cham (Western)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Chichewa": "Relative clause follows noun", "Chaldean (Modern)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Chemehuevi": "Relative clause follows noun", "Camling": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Comanche": "Relative clause follows noun", "Chin (Mara)": "Internally-headed relative clause", "Chontal Maya": "Relative clause follows noun", "Canela": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Canamarí": "Relative clause follows noun", "Cantonese": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Coos (Hanis)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Coptic": "Relative clause follows noun", "Cora": "Relative clause follows noun", "Chinantec (Palantla)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Chepang": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Chipaya": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Cornish": "Relative clause follows noun", "Chatino (Sierra Occidental)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Catalan": "Relative clause follows noun", "Chitimacha": "Relative clause follows noun", "Cubeo": "Relative clause follows noun", "Chatino (Yaitepec)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Czech": "Relative clause follows noun", "Daga": "Relative clause follows noun", "Dan": "Relative clause follows noun", "Day": "Relative clause follows noun", "Dadjriwalé": "Relative clause follows noun", "Donno So": "Internally-headed relative clause", "Degema": "Relative clause follows noun", "Desano": "Relative clause follows noun", "Dagur": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Dhivehi": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Dhimal": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Didinga": "Relative clause follows noun", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "Internally-headed relative clause", "Digaro": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Dinka": "Relative clause follows noun", "Diola-Fogny": "Relative clause follows noun", "Diyari": "Adjoined relative clause", "Djambarrpuyngu": "Relative clause follows noun", "Dla (Menggwa)": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Dimasa": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Domari": "Relative clause follows noun", "Doyayo": "Relative clause follows noun", "Drehu": "Relative clause follows noun", "Dargwa": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Darma": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Danish": "Relative clause follows noun", "Duka": "Relative clause follows noun", "Dutch": "Relative clause follows noun", "Dyirbal": "Relative clause follows noun", "Efik": "Relative clause follows noun", "Engenni": "Relative clause follows noun", "Eipo": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Emberá (Northern)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Émérillon": "Relative clause follows noun", "English": "Relative clause follows noun", "Enggano": "Relative clause follows noun", "Epena Pedee": "Internally-headed relative clause", "Efate (South)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Erromangan": "Relative clause follows noun", "Estonian": "Relative clause follows noun", "Eudeve": "Relative clause follows noun", "Evenki": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Even": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Ewe": "Relative clause follows noun", "Ewondo": "Relative clause follows noun", "Fijian": "Relative clause follows noun", "Finnish": "Relative clause follows noun", "Fongbe": "Relative clause follows noun", "French": "Relative clause follows noun", "Frisian": "Relative clause follows noun", "Fulfulde (Adamawa)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Fur": "Relative clause follows noun", "Futuna-Aniwa": "Relative clause follows noun", "Fyem": "Relative clause follows noun", "Gaelic (Scots)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Gahuku": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Galo": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Gamo": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Gapapaiwa": "Relative clause follows noun", "Garo": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "Relative clause follows noun", "Gela": "Relative clause follows noun", "Georgian": "Relative clause follows noun", "German": "Relative clause follows noun", "Guahibo": "Relative clause follows noun", "Gimira": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Gumawana": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Gumuz": "Relative clause follows noun", "Gunbalang": "Relative clause follows noun", "Ga'anda": "Relative clause follows noun", "Godoberi": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Gokana": "Relative clause follows noun", "Grebo": "Relative clause follows noun", "Garífuna": "Relative clause follows noun", "Greek (Modern)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Greenlandic (West)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Gude": "Relative clause follows noun", "Gula (in Central African Republic)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Gumbaynggir": "Relative clause follows noun", "Gurung": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Gwari": "Relative clause follows noun", "Gyarong (Cogtse)": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Haida": "Internally-headed relative clause", "Hakka": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Halia": "Relative clause follows noun", "Hani": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Haruai": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Hatam": "Relative clause follows noun", "Hausa": "Relative clause follows noun", "Hawaiian": "Relative clause follows noun", "Hayu": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Hdi": "Relative clause follows noun", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Heiltsuk": "Relative clause follows noun", "Hanga Hundi": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Hidatsa": "Relative clause follows noun", "Hindi": "Correlative relative clause", "Hixkaryana": "Relative clause follows noun", "Hmong Njua": "Relative clause follows noun", "Mina": "Relative clause follows noun", "Hunde": "Relative clause follows noun", "Ho": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Hoava": "Relative clause follows noun", "Holoholo": "Relative clause follows noun", "Hup": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Huastec": "Relative clause follows noun", "Hua": "Relative clause precedes noun", "=|Hoan": "Relative clause follows noun", "Huichol": "Relative clause follows noun", "Huitoto (Murui)": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Hungarian": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Hupa": "Relative clause follows noun", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Hawrami": "Relative clause follows noun", "Haya": "Relative clause follows noun", "Hunzib": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Iaai": "Relative clause follows noun", "Iau": "Relative clause follows noun", "Iban": "Relative clause follows noun", "Icelandic": "Relative clause follows noun", "Iduna": "Relative clause follows noun", "Ifugao (Batad)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Igbo": "Relative clause follows noun", "Ignaciano": "Relative clause follows noun", "Ingessana": "Relative clause follows noun", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Ik": "Relative clause follows noun", "Ika": "Internally-headed relative clause", "Ila": "Relative clause follows noun", "Imonda": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Indonesian": "Relative clause follows noun", "Ingush": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Irish": "Relative clause follows noun", "Iraqw": "Relative clause follows noun", "I'saka": "Relative clause follows noun", "Italian": "Relative clause follows noun", "Izi": "Relative clause follows noun", "Jabêm": "Relative clause follows noun", "Jakaltek": "Relative clause follows noun", "Jebero": "Relative clause follows noun", "Jur Mödö": "Relative clause follows noun", "Jamsay": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Jingpho": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Japanese": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Ju|'hoan": "Relative clause follows noun", "Jukun": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kabardian": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Kambera": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kana": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kara (in Central African Republic)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kashmiri": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Kaulong": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kayardild": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kabyle": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kabatei": "Relative clause follows noun", "Karen (Bwe)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Koyra Chiini": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kele": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kemant": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Kenga": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kera": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kewa": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Koromfe": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kagulu": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kyirong": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Khalkha": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Kham (Dege)": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Khaling": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Khalaj": "Relative clause follows noun", "Khmer": "Relative clause follows noun", "Nama": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Kharia": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Khasi": "Relative clause follows noun", "Khowar": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Kikuyu": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kiowa": "Internally-headed relative clause", "Kirma": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kisi": "Relative clause follows noun", "Koreguaje": "Relative clause follows noun", "Karakalpak": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Kuikúro": "Adjoined relative clause", "Kokota": "Relative clause follows noun", "Korku": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Kulung": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Klamath": "Relative clause follows noun", "Koluri": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kilivila": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kiliwa": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kamaiurá": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kombai": "Double-headed relative clause", "Kham": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Karimojong": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kalmyk": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Kamasau": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Kugu Nganhcara": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kannada": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Konni": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kanakuru": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kunama": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kanuri": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kham (Tibetan) (Nangchen)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Koasati": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Kobon": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Koegu": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kolami": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Korean": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Kosraean": "Relative clause follows noun", "Koya": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Kapampangan": "Relative clause follows noun", "Karen (Pwo)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kiribati": "Relative clause follows noun", "Karachay-Balkar": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Kurdish (Central)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kresh": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kipea": "Relative clause follows noun", "Korana": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Krongo": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kairiru": "Relative clause follows noun", "Korowai": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Koyraboro Senni": "Relative clause follows noun", "Karen (Sgaw)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Katcha": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kete": "Relative clause follows noun", "Katla": "Relative clause follows noun", "Khanty": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Kuot": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kutenai": "Internally-headed relative clause", "Kuvi": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Kwangali": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kwoma": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Kawaiisu": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kwomtari": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Kwaza": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kuku-Yalanji": "Adjoined relative clause", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kanyok": "Relative clause follows noun", "Kyuquot": "Relative clause follows noun", "Labu": "Relative clause follows noun", "Lahu": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Lai": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Lalo": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Lango": "Relative clause follows noun", "Lao": "Relative clause follows noun", "Latvian": "Relative clause follows noun", "Lavukaleve": "Internally-headed relative clause", "Lunda": "Relative clause follows noun", "Luganda": "Relative clause follows noun", "Lendu": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Lega": "Relative clause follows noun", "Lele": "Relative clause follows noun", "Lenakel": "Relative clause follows noun", "Leti": "Relative clause follows noun", "Lewo": "Relative clause follows noun", "Lezgian": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Logoti": "Relative clause follows noun", "Longgu": "Relative clause follows noun", "Limbu": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Lisu": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Lithuanian": "Relative clause follows noun", "Lakhota": "Internally-headed relative clause", "Lamang": "Relative clause follows noun", "Lamaholot": "Relative clause follows noun", "Lamani": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Lampung": "Relative clause follows noun", "Lamen": "Relative clause follows noun", "Linda": "Relative clause follows noun", "Loniu": "Relative clause follows noun", "Lugbara": "Relative clause follows noun", "Luiseño": "Relative clause follows noun", "Luo": "Relative clause follows noun", "Luvale": "Relative clause follows noun", "Maasai": "Relative clause follows noun", "Maba": "Relative clause follows noun", "Macushi": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Ma'di": "Relative clause follows noun", "Maithili": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Majang": "Relative clause follows noun", "Makah": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Malagasy": "Relative clause follows noun", "Mam": "Relative clause follows noun", "Maori": "Relative clause follows noun", "Maricopa": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Masa": "Relative clause follows noun", "Maung": "Relative clause follows noun", "Maninka (Western)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Maybrat": "Relative clause follows noun", "Mbum": "Relative clause follows noun", "Mbara": "Relative clause follows noun", "Mbay": "Relative clause follows noun", "Mixe (Coatlán)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Mocoví": "Relative clause follows noun", "Mundang": "Relative clause follows noun", "Mbodomo": "Relative clause follows noun", "Manadonese": "Relative clause follows noun", "Meyah": "Relative clause follows noun", "Me'en": "Relative clause follows noun", "Mehri": "Relative clause follows noun", "Meithei": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Mekens": "Adjoined relative clause", "Menomini": "Relative clause follows noun", "Mondunga": "Relative clause follows noun", "Mangghuer": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Mongo": "Relative clause follows noun", "Mango": "Relative clause follows noun", "Musgu": "Relative clause follows noun", "Marathi": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Minangkabau": "Relative clause follows noun", "Miya": "Relative clause follows noun", "Mauka": "Correlative relative clause", "Makasae": "Relative clause follows noun", "Malgwa": "Relative clause follows noun", "Maleu": "Relative clause follows noun", "Mangap-Mbula": "Relative clause follows noun", "Mamanwa": "Relative clause follows noun", "Muna": "Relative clause follows noun", "Mandarin": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Maidu (Northeast)": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Manggarai": "Relative clause follows noun", "Manam": "Relative clause follows noun", "Mono (in United States)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Mansi": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Mono-Alu": "Relative clause follows noun", "Mofu-Gudur": "Relative clause follows noun", "Mokilese": "Relative clause follows noun", "Mosetén": "Relative clause follows noun", "Motuna": "Relative clause follows noun", "Moru": "Relative clause follows noun", "Murrinh-Patha": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Maipure": "Relative clause follows noun", "Mian": "Internally-headed relative clause", "Mpur": "Relative clause follows noun", "Margi": "Relative clause follows noun", "Murle": "Relative clause follows noun", "Moro": "Relative clause follows noun", "Marquesan": "Relative clause follows noun", "Martuthunira": "Adjoined relative clause", "Maru": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Mising": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Masakin": "Relative clause follows noun", "Masalit": "Relative clause follows noun", "Musom": "Relative clause follows noun", "Maisin": "Internally-headed relative clause", "Mundani": "Relative clause follows noun", "Mumuye": "Relative clause follows noun", "Mundari": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Mupun": "Relative clause follows noun", "Mursi": "Relative clause follows noun", "Mussau": "Relative clause follows noun", "Mutsun": "Relative clause follows noun", "Mwotlap": "Relative clause follows noun", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Ifira-Mele": "Relative clause follows noun", "Mixtec (Ocotepec)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Mixtec (Peñoles)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Mixtec (Yosondúa)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Mayogo": "Relative clause follows noun", "Mangarrayi": "Relative clause follows noun", "Malayalam": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Ma'anyan": "Relative clause follows noun", "Neo-Aramaic (Arbel Jewish)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Nalik": "Relative clause follows noun", "Namia": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Nandi": "Relative clause follows noun", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Natchez": "Relative clause follows noun", "Navajo": "Internally-headed relative clause", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Ncàm": "Relative clause follows noun", "Ndonga": "Relative clause follows noun", "Nadroga": "Relative clause follows noun", "Ndut": "Relative clause follows noun", "Ndyuka": "Relative clause follows noun", "Nehan": "Relative clause follows noun", "Newari (Kathmandu)": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Neyo": "Relative clause follows noun", "Nez Perce": "Relative clause follows noun", "Ngiyambaa": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Ngankikurungkurr": "Adjoined relative clause", "Ngalakan": "Relative clause follows noun", "Ngambay": "Relative clause follows noun", "Ngoni": "Relative clause follows noun", "Naga (Tangkhul)": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Ngizim": "Relative clause follows noun", "Nahuatl (Huasteca)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Nahuatl (Michoacán)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Nahuatl (North Puebla)": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Nias": "Relative clause follows noun", "Niuafo'ou": "Relative clause follows noun", "Niuean": "Relative clause follows noun", "Nivkh": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Nkonya": "Relative clause follows noun", "Nkore-Kiga": "Relative clause follows noun", "Nubian (Kunuz)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Naga (Mao)": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Manange": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Nocte": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Noni": "Relative clause follows noun", "Noon": "Relative clause follows noun", "Norwegian": "Relative clause follows noun", "Nar-Phu": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Nanerge": "Relative clause follows noun", "Nuaulu": "Relative clause follows noun", "Nuer": "Relative clause follows noun", "Nunggubuyu": "Relative clause follows noun", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Nupe": "Relative clause follows noun", "Newar (Dolakha)": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Nzakara": "Relative clause follows noun", "Ogbronuagum": "Relative clause follows noun", "Obolo": "Relative clause follows noun", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Olo": "Relative clause follows noun", "Oneida": "Internally-headed relative clause", "O'odham": "Relative clause follows noun", "Oromo (Harar)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Oromo (Waata)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Osage": "Internally-headed relative clause", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Oriya": "Correlative relative clause", "Pa'a": "Relative clause follows noun", "Paiwan": "Relative clause follows noun", "Palauan": "Relative clause follows noun", "Panjabi": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Päri": "Relative clause follows noun", "Patep": "Relative clause follows noun", "Paumarí": "Relative clause follows noun", "Pima Bajo": "Relative clause follows noun", "Pero": "Relative clause follows noun", "Pilagá": "Relative clause follows noun", "Pipil": "Relative clause follows noun", "Pitjantjatjara": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Pokot": "Relative clause follows noun", "Palaung": "Relative clause follows noun", "Paulohi": "Relative clause follows noun", "Paamese": "Relative clause follows noun", "Paiute (Northern)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Panará": "Relative clause follows noun", "Podoko": "Relative clause follows noun", "Pohnpeian": "Relative clause follows noun", "Polish": "Relative clause follows noun", "Portuguese": "Relative clause follows noun", "Pare": "Relative clause follows noun", "Purki": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Persian": "Relative clause follows noun", "Pashto": "Relative clause follows noun", "Port Sandwich": "Relative clause follows noun", "Pattani": "Relative clause follows noun", "Puluwat": "Relative clause follows noun", "Pumi": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Purépecha": "Relative clause follows noun", "Qafar": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Quechua (Huallaga)": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Qiang": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Sipakapense": "Relative clause follows noun", "Raga": "Relative clause follows noun", "Rapanui": "Relative clause follows noun", "Rawang": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Resígaro": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Retuarã": "Internally-headed relative clause", "rGyalrong (Caodeng)": "Internally-headed relative clause", "Runyankore": "Relative clause follows noun", "Romanian": "Relative clause follows noun", "Ron": "Relative clause follows noun", "Rotuman": "Relative clause follows noun", "Roviana": "Relative clause follows noun", "Romansch (Sursilvan)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Rukai (Tanan)": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Rumu": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Runga": "Relative clause follows noun", "Russian": "Relative clause follows noun", "Romani (Welsh)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Sahu": "Relative clause follows noun", "Sakao": "Relative clause follows noun", "Samoan": "Relative clause follows noun", "Sango": "Relative clause follows noun", "Sare": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Sandawe": "Relative clause follows noun", "Southeast Ambrym": "Relative clause follows noun", "Sedang": "Relative clause follows noun", "Seediq": "Relative clause follows noun", "Seri": "Internally-headed relative clause", "Sesotho": "Relative clause follows noun", "Sougb": "Relative clause follows noun", "Sangu": "Relative clause follows noun", "Shabo": "Relative clause follows noun", "Shona": "Relative clause follows noun", "Shatt": "Relative clause follows noun", "Sidaama": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Sio": "Relative clause follows noun", "Siar": "Relative clause follows noun", "Sisiqa": "Relative clause follows noun", "Sikkimese": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Sikaritai": "Relative clause follows noun", "Shekhawati": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Slave": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Saliba (in Papua New Guinea)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Samba Leko": "Relative clause follows noun", "Semelai": "Relative clause follows noun", "Sinaugoro": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Sinhala": "Relative clause follows noun", "Sanuma": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "So": "Relative clause follows noun", "Sobei": "Relative clause follows noun", "Somali": "Relative clause follows noun", "Spanish": "Relative clause follows noun", "Squamish": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Sarcee": "Relative clause follows noun", "Sardinian": "Relative clause follows noun", "Sre": "Relative clause follows noun", "Siroi": "Relative clause follows noun", "Santali": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Sudest": "Relative clause follows noun", "Sulka": "Relative clause follows noun", "Sundanese": "Relative clause follows noun", "Supyire": "Correlative relative clause", "Savosavo": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Swahili": "Relative clause follows noun", "Swedish": "Relative clause follows noun", "Swati": "Relative clause follows noun", "Taba": "Relative clause follows noun", "Taiof": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tagalog": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tahitian": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tuareg (Air)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tajik": "Relative clause follows noun", "Takia": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tamang (Eastern)": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Tariana": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tatana'": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tauya": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Tawala": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tboli": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tobati": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tubu": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tarahumara (Central)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tibetan (Drokpa)": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Tepehua (Huehuetla)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Telugu": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Tennet": "Relative clause follows noun", "Teop": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tepehua (Tlachichilco)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tera": "Relative clause follows noun", "Teso": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tigak": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tshangla": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Tugun": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tigré": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Thai": "Relative clause follows noun", "Thulung": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Kuuk Thaayorre": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Tidore": "Relative clause follows noun", "Timugon": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tinrin": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tibetan (Shigatse)": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Tiwi": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tiipay (Jamul)": "Internally-headed relative clause", "Tokelauan": "Relative clause follows noun", "Turkmen": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Tolai": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tlingit": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Tlapanec": "Relative clause follows noun", "Talysh (Southern)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tamil": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Tamabo": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tibetan (Modern Literary)": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Temiar": "Relative clause follows noun", "Turkana": "Relative clause follows noun", "Temne": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tongan": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tungak": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tunen": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tondano": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tenyer": "Relative clause follows noun", "Southern Toussian": "Internally-headed relative clause", "Tonga (in Zambia)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tepehuan (Northern)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tapieté": "Relative clause follows noun", "Teribe": "Relative clause follows noun", "Trique (Copala)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tirmaga": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tsafiki": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tamashek": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tetun Dili": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tetun": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tsova-Tush": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Tucano": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Tukang Besi": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Tunica": "Relative clause follows noun", "Turkish": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Tuvaluan": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tatar": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Tarahumara (Western)": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Totonac (Xicotepec de Juárez)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Tzutujil": "Relative clause follows noun", "Ubykh": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Udihe": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Ukrainian": "Relative clause follows noun", "Uldeme": "Relative clause follows noun", "Ulithian": "Relative clause follows noun", "Una": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Ungarinjin": "Relative clause follows noun", "Urdu": "Correlative relative clause", "Urak Lawoi'": "Relative clause follows noun", "Urarina": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Urat": "Relative clause follows noun", "Ute": "Relative clause follows noun", "Uyghur": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Uzbek": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Vafsi": "Relative clause follows noun", "Vai": "Correlative relative clause", "Vietnamese": "Relative clause follows noun", "Vinmavis": "Relative clause follows noun", "Wahgi": "Relative clause follows noun", "Wakhi": "Relative clause follows noun", "Walman": "Relative clause follows noun", "Waorani": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Wappo": "Internally-headed relative clause", "Wari'": "Relative clause follows noun", "Wambon": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Wichí": "Relative clause follows noun", "Welsh": "Relative clause follows noun", "Wichita": "Relative clause follows noun", "Wolof": "Relative clause follows noun", "Wolio": "Relative clause follows noun", "West Makian": "Relative clause follows noun", "Woleaian": "Relative clause follows noun", "Warrgamay": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Warlpiri": "Adjoined relative clause", "Xasonga": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Kombio": "Relative clause follows noun", "Xhosa": "Relative clause follows noun", "!Xóõ": "Relative clause follows noun", "Yagua": "Relative clause follows noun", "Yale (Kosarek)": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Yapese": "Relative clause follows noun", "Yaqui": "Relative clause follows noun", "Yareba": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Yagaria": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Yidiny": "Adjoined relative clause", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Yakut": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Yoruba": "Relative clause follows noun", "Yuchi": "Relative clause follows noun", "Yukulta": "Relative clause follows noun", "Yulu": "Relative clause follows noun", "Yurok": "Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant", "Yuwaalaraay": "Internally-headed relative clause", "Beria": "Relative clause follows noun", "Zapotec (Isthmus)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Zayse": "Relative clause precedes noun", "Zoque (Chimalapa)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Zhuang (Northern)": "Relative clause follows noun", "Zulu": "Relative clause follows noun", "Zapotec (Zoogocho)": "Relative clause follows noun" }
90B
Prenominal relative clauses
Word Order
Where do prenominal relative clauses appear relative to the noun in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Relative clause-noun dominant; Relative clause-noun or noun-relative clause; Relative clause-noun or internally headed; Relative clause-noun or correlative; Relative clause-noun or double-headed
{ "Abkhaz": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Achang": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Ainu": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Akha": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Alamblak": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Ambulas": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Amharic": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Amis": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Amdo (Themchen)": "Relative clause-noun or internally headed", "Ao": "Relative clause-noun or internally headed", "Apatani": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Lokono": "Relative clause-noun or noun-relative clause", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Relative clause-noun or noun-relative clause", "Asmat": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Athpare": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Awa": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Awtuw": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Azari (Iranian)": "Relative clause-noun or noun-relative clause", "Bai": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Bawm": "Relative clause-noun or internally headed", "Belhare": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Bilua": "Relative clause-noun or noun-relative clause", "Blackfoot": "Relative clause-noun or noun-relative clause", "Balti": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Bodo": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Baragaunle": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Burmese": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Bashkir": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Basque": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Burushaski": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Byansi": "Relative clause-noun or internally headed", "Chechen": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Cherokee": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Chang": "Relative clause-noun or internally headed", "Chaha": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Chukchi": "Relative clause-noun or noun-relative clause", "Chantyal": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Chin (Siyin)": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Chuvash": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Camling": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Cantonese": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Chepang": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Chipaya": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Dagur": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Dhivehi": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Dhimal": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Digaro": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Dla (Menggwa)": "Relative clause-noun or internally headed", "Dimasa": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Dargwa": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Darma": "Relative clause-noun or correlative", "Eipo": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Evenki": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Even": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Gahuku": "Relative clause-noun or noun-relative clause", "Galo": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Gamo": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Garo": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Gimira": "Relative clause-noun or noun-relative clause", "Godoberi": "Relative clause-noun or noun-relative clause", "Gurung": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Gyarong (Cogtse)": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Hakka": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Hani": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Haruai": "Relative clause-noun or internally headed", "Hayu": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Hanga Hundi": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Ho": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Hup": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Hua": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Huitoto (Murui)": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Hungarian": "Relative clause-noun or noun-relative clause", "Hunzib": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Ijo (Kolokuma)": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Imonda": "Relative clause-noun or internally headed", "Ingush": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Jingpho": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Japanese": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Kabardian": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Kemant": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Kewa": "Relative clause-noun or internally headed", "Kyirong": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Khalkha": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Kham (Dege)": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Khaling": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Nama": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Kharia": "Relative clause-noun or correlative", "Khowar": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Karakalpak": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Korku": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Kulung": "Relative clause-noun or noun-relative clause", "Kham": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Kalmyk": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Kamasau": "Relative clause-noun or noun-relative clause", "Kannada": "Relative clause-noun or correlative", "Koasati": "Relative clause-noun or internally headed", "Kobon": "Relative clause-noun or double-headed", "Kolami": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Korean": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Koya": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Karachay-Balkar": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Korana": "Relative clause-noun or noun-relative clause", "Korowai": "Relative clause-noun or noun-relative clause", "Khanty": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Kuvi": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Kwoma": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Kwomtari": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Lahu": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Lai": "Relative clause-noun or internally headed", "Lalo": "Relative clause-noun or noun-relative clause", "Lendu": "Relative clause-noun or noun-relative clause", "Lezgian": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Limbu": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Lisu": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Lamani": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Macushi": "Relative clause-noun or noun-relative clause", "Makah": "Relative clause-noun or noun-relative clause", "Meithei": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Mangghuer": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Marathi": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Mandarin": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Maidu (Northeast)": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Mansi": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Maru": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Mising": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Mundari": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Malayalam": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Namia": "Relative clause-noun or noun-relative clause", "Newari (Kathmandu)": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Naga (Tangkhul)": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Nahuatl (North Puebla)": "Relative clause-noun or noun-relative clause", "Nivkh": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Naga (Mao)": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Manange": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Nocte": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Nar-Phu": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Newar (Dolakha)": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Panjabi": "Relative clause-noun or internally headed", "Purki": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Pumi": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Qafar": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Quechua (Huallaga)": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Qiang": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Quechua (Imbabura)": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Rawang": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Rukai (Tanan)": "Relative clause-noun or noun-relative clause", "Rumu": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Sare": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Sidaama": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Sikkimese": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Shekhawati": "Relative clause-noun or correlative", "Sinaugoro": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Squamish": "Relative clause-noun or noun-relative clause", "Santali": "Relative clause-noun or correlative", "Savosavo": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Tamang (Eastern)": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Tauya": "Relative clause-noun or noun-relative clause", "Tibetan (Drokpa)": "Relative clause-noun or noun-relative clause", "Telugu": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Tshangla": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Tigré": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Thulung": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Tibetan (Standard Spoken)": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Tibetan (Shigatse)": "Relative clause-noun or internally headed", "Turkmen": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Tlingit": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Tamil": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Tibetan (Modern Literary)": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Tsafiki": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "Relative clause-noun or noun-relative clause", "Tsova-Tush": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Tucano": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Turkish": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Tatar": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Tarahumara (Western)": "Relative clause-noun or noun-relative clause", "Ubykh": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Udihe": "Relative clause-noun or internally headed", "Una": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Urarina": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Uyghur": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Uzbek": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Waorani": "Relative clause-noun or noun-relative clause", "Wambon": "Relative clause-noun or internally headed", "Warrgamay": "Relative clause-noun or noun-relative clause", "Yale (Kosarek)": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Yareba": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Yagaria": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Yukaghir (Kolyma)": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Yakut": "Relative clause-noun dominant", "Yurok": "Relative clause-noun or noun-relative clause", "Zayse": "Relative clause-noun dominant" }
90C
Postnominal relative clauses
Word Order
Where do postnominal relative clauses appear relative to the noun in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Noun-relative clause dominant; Noun-relative clause or relative clause-noun; Noun-relative clause or internally headed; Noun-relative clause or correlative
{ "Aari": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Abipón": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Arbore": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Abun": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Abui": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Acehnese": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Achagua": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Acholi": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Adioukrou": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Adzera": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Arabic (Egyptian)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Angami": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Ajagbe": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Albanian": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Arop-Lokep": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Ala'ala": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Alyawarra": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Amele": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Ambae (Lolovoli Northeast)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Amo": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Arrernte (Mparntwe)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Ambai": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Arabic (Moroccan)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Araona": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Angas": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Anggor": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Anejom": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Anufo": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Anywa": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Mufian": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Apurinã": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Apache (Western)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Lokono": "Noun-relative clause or relative clause-noun", "Arabic (Gulf)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Arabic (Kuwaiti)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Armenian (Eastern)": "Noun-relative clause or relative clause-noun", "Arosi": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Arabic (Iraqi)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Armenian (Western)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Arabic (Syrian)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Arrernte (Western)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Azari (Iranian)": "Noun-relative clause or relative clause-noun", "Barai": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Babungo": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Bagirmi": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Bajau (Sama)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Baure": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Bari": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Babole": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Barambu": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Bella Coola": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Beja": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Berta": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Berber (Figuig)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Bafia": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Bagiro": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Bidiya": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Biri": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Biak": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Bilua": "Noun-relative clause or relative clause-noun", "Nai": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Birom": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Baka (in South Sudan)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Batak (Karo)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Bakueri": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Blackfoot": "Noun-relative clause or relative clause-noun", "Belorussian": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Berber (Middle Atlas)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Bimoba": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Bini": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Bobangi": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Bodo": "Noun-relative clause or relative clause-noun", "Boko": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Breton": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Berber (Rif)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Brahui": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Burunge": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Barupu": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Barasano": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Bushoong": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Basari": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Bontok": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Batak (Toba)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Buduma": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Bugis": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Bulgarian": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Buma": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Busa": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Buru": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Bali-Vitu": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Bajau (West Coast)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Cahuilla": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Cakchiquel": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Cavineña": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Campa (Axininca)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Chinantec (Comaltepec)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Carib (De'kwana)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Cebuano": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Cèmuhî": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Chamorro": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Chuj": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Chukchi": "Noun-relative clause or relative clause-noun", "Chipewyan": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Chinantec (Quiotepec)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Chrau": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Cham (Western)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Chichewa": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Chaldean (Modern)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Chinantec (Lealao)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Chemehuevi": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Comanche": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Chontal Maya": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Canela": "Noun-relative clause or internally headed", "Canamarí": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Coos (Hanis)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Coptic": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Cora": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Chinantec (Palantla)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Cornish": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Chatino (Sierra Occidental)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Catalan": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Chitimacha": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Cubeo": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Chatino (Yaitepec)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Czech": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Daga": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Dan": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Day": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Dadjriwalé": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Degema": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Desano": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Didinga": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Dinka": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Diola-Fogny": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Djambarrpuyngu": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Dani (Lower Grand Valley)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Domari": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Doyayo": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Drehu": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Danish": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Duka": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Dutch": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Dyirbal": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Efik": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Engenni": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Emberá (Northern)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Émérillon": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "English": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Enggano": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Efate (South)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Erromangan": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Estonian": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Eudeve": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Ewe": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Ewondo": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Fijian": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Finnish": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Fongbe": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "French": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Frisian": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Fulfulde (Adamawa)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Fur": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Futuna-Aniwa": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Fyem": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Gaelic (Scots)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Gahuku": "Noun-relative clause or relative clause-noun", "Gapapaiwa": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Gbeya Bossangoa": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Gela": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Georgian": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "German": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Guahibo": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Gimira": "Noun-relative clause or relative clause-noun", "Gumawana": "Noun-relative clause or internally headed", "Gumuz": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Gunbalang": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Ga'anda": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Godoberi": "Noun-relative clause or relative clause-noun", "Gokana": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Grebo": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Garífuna": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Greek (Modern)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Greenlandic (West)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Gude": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Gula (in Central African Republic)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Gumbaynggir": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Gwari": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Halia": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Hatam": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Hausa": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Hawaiian": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Hdi": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Hebrew (Modern)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Heiltsuk": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Hidatsa": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Hixkaryana": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Hmong Njua": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Mina": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Hunde": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Hoava": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Holoholo": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Huastec": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "=|Hoan": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Huichol": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Hungarian": "Noun-relative clause or relative clause-noun", "Hupa": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Huave (San Mateo del Mar)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Hawrami": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Haya": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Iaai": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Iau": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Iban": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Icelandic": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Iduna": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Ifugao (Batad)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Igbo": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Ignaciano": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Ingessana": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Ik": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Ila": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Indonesian": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Irish": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Iraqw": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "I'saka": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Italian": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Izi": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Jabêm": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Jakaltek": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Jebero": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Jur Mödö": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Ju|'hoan": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Jukun": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kambera": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kana": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kara (in Central African Republic)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kashmiri": "Noun-relative clause or correlative", "Kaulong": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kayardild": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kabyle": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kabatei": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Karen (Bwe)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Koyra Chiini": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kele": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kenga": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kera": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Koromfe": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kagulu": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kyirong": "Noun-relative clause or relative clause-noun", "Khalaj": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Khmer": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Khasi": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kikuyu": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kirma": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kisi": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Koreguaje": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kokota": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kulung": "Noun-relative clause or relative clause-noun", "Klamath": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Koluri": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kilivila": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kiliwa": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kamaiurá": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Karimojong": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kamasau": "Noun-relative clause or relative clause-noun", "Kugu Nganhcara": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Konni": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kanakuru": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kunama": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kanuri": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kham (Tibetan) (Nangchen)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Koegu": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kosraean": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kapampangan": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Karen (Pwo)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kiribati": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kurdish (Central)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kresh": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kipea": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Korana": "Noun-relative clause or relative clause-noun", "Krongo": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kairiru": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Korowai": "Noun-relative clause or relative clause-noun", "Koyraboro Senni": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Karen (Sgaw)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Katcha": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kete": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Katla": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kuot": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kwangali": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kawaiisu": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kwaza": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kayah Li (Eastern)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kanyok": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kyuquot": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Labu": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Lalo": "Noun-relative clause or relative clause-noun", "Lango": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Lao": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Latvian": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Lunda": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Luganda": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Lendu": "Noun-relative clause or relative clause-noun", "Lega": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Lele": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Lenakel": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Leti": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Lewo": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Logoti": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Longgu": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Lithuanian": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Lamang": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Lamaholot": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Lampung": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Lamen": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Linda": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Loniu": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Lugbara": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Luiseño": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Luo": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Luvale": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Maasai": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Maba": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Macushi": "Noun-relative clause or relative clause-noun", "Ma'di": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Maithili": "Noun-relative clause or correlative", "Majang": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Makah": "Noun-relative clause or relative clause-noun", "Malagasy": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Mam": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Maori": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Maricopa": "Noun-relative clause or internally headed", "Masa": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Maung": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Maninka (Western)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Maybrat": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Mbum": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Mbara": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Mbay": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Mixe (Coatlán)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Mocoví": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Mundang": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Mbodomo": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Manadonese": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Meyah": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Me'en": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Mehri": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Menomini": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Mondunga": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Mongo": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Mango": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Musgu": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Minangkabau": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Miya": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Makasae": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Malgwa": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Maleu": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Mangap-Mbula": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Mamanwa": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Muna": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Manggarai": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Manam": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Mono (in United States)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Mono-Alu": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Mofu-Gudur": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Mokilese": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Mosetén": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Motuna": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Moru": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Murrinh-Patha": "Noun-relative clause or internally headed", "Maipure": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Mpur": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Margi": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Murle": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Moro": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Marquesan": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Masakin": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Masalit": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Musom": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Mundani": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Mumuye": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Mupun": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Mursi": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Mussau": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Mutsun": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Mwotlap": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Mixtec (Chalcatongo)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Ifira-Mele": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Mixtec (Ocotepec)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Mixtec (Peñoles)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Mixtec (Yosondúa)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Mayogo": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Mangarrayi": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Ma'anyan": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Neo-Aramaic (Arbel Jewish)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Nalik": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Namia": "Noun-relative clause or relative clause-noun", "Nandi": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Nara (in Ethiopia)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Natchez": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Nubian (Dongolese)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Ncàm": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Ndonga": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Nadroga": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Ndut": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Ndyuka": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Nehan": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Neyo": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Nez Perce": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Ngalakan": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Ngambay": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Ngoni": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Ngizim": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Nahuatl (Huasteca)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Nahuatl (Michoacán)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Nahuatl (North Puebla)": "Noun-relative clause or relative clause-noun", "Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Nias": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Niuafo'ou": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Niuean": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Nkonya": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Nkore-Kiga": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Nubian (Kunuz)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Noni": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Noon": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Norwegian": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Nanerge": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Nuaulu": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Nuer": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Nunggubuyu": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Nung (in Vietnam)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Nupe": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Nzakara": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Ogbronuagum": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Obolo": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Ojibwa (Eastern)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Olo": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "O'odham": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Oromo (Harar)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Oromo (Waata)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Otomí (Mezquital)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Pa'a": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Paiwan": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Palauan": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Päri": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Patep": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Paumarí": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Pima Bajo": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Pero": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Pilagá": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Pipil": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Pitjantjatjara": "Noun-relative clause or internally headed", "Pokot": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Palaung": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Paulohi": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Paamese": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Paiute (Northern)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Panará": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Podoko": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Pohnpeian": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Polish": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Portuguese": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Pare": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Persian": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Pashto": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Port Sandwich": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Pattani": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Puluwat": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Purépecha": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Sipakapense": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Raga": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Rapanui": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Resígaro": "Noun-relative clause or internally headed", "Runyankore": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Romanian": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Ron": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Rotuman": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Roviana": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Romansch (Sursilvan)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Rukai (Tanan)": "Noun-relative clause or relative clause-noun", "Runga": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Russian": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Romani (Welsh)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Sahu": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Sakao": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Samoan": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Sango": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Sandawe": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Southeast Ambrym": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Sedang": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Seediq": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Sesotho": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Sougb": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Sangu": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Shabo": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Shona": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Shatt": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Sio": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Siar": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Sisiqa": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Sikaritai": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Slave": "Noun-relative clause or internally headed", "Saliba (in Papua New Guinea)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Samba Leko": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Semelai": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Sinhala": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "So": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Sobei": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Somali": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Spanish": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Squamish": "Noun-relative clause or relative clause-noun", "Sarcee": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Sardinian": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Sre": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Siroi": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Sudest": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Sulka": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Sundanese": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Swahili": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Swedish": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Swati": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Taba": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Taiof": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tagalog": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tahitian": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tuareg (Air)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tajik": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Takia": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tariana": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tatana'": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tauya": "Noun-relative clause or relative clause-noun", "Tawala": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tboli": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tobati": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tubu": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tarahumara (Central)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tibetan (Drokpa)": "Noun-relative clause or relative clause-noun", "Tepehua (Huehuetla)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tennet": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Teop": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tepehua (Tlachichilco)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tera": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Teso": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tigak": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tugun": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Thai": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Kuuk Thaayorre": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tidore": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Timugon": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tinrin": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tiwi": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tokelauan": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tolai": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tlapanec": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Talysh (Southern)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tamabo": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Temiar": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Turkana": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Temne": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tongan": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tungak": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tunen": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tondano": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tenyer": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tonga (in Zambia)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tepehuan (Northern)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tapieté": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Teribe": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Trique (Copala)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tirmaga": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tümpisa Shoshone": "Noun-relative clause or relative clause-noun", "Tsimshian (Coast)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tamashek": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tetun Dili": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tetun": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tukang Besi": "Noun-relative clause or internally headed", "Tunica": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tuvaluan": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tarahumara (Western)": "Noun-relative clause or relative clause-noun", "Totonac (Xicotepec de Juárez)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Tzutujil": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Ukrainian": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Uldeme": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Ulithian": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Ungarinjin": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Urak Lawoi'": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Urat": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Ute": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Vafsi": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Vietnamese": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Vinmavis": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Wahgi": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Wakhi": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Walman": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Waorani": "Noun-relative clause or relative clause-noun", "Wari'": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Wichí": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Welsh": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Wichita": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Wolof": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Wolio": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "West Makian": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Woleaian": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Warrgamay": "Noun-relative clause or relative clause-noun", "Kombio": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Xhosa": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "!Xóõ": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Yagua": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Yapese": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Yaqui": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Yoruba": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Yuchi": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Yukulta": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Yulu": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Yurok": "Noun-relative clause or relative clause-noun", "Beria": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Zapotec (Isthmus)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Zoque (Chimalapa)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Zhuang (Northern)": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Zulu": "Noun-relative clause dominant", "Zapotec (Zoogocho)": "Noun-relative clause dominant" }
90D
Internally-headed relative clauses
Word Order
How are internally-headed relative clauses expressed in the <LANGUAGE> language?
Internally headed relative clause dominant; Internally headed or relative clause-noun; Internally headed or noun-relative clause; Internally-headed or correlative; Internally-headed or double-headed; Internally-headed occurs as nondominant type; Internally-headed exists
{ "Amdo (Themchen)": "Internally headed or relative clause-noun", "Ao": "Internally headed or relative clause-noun", "Athpare": "Internally-headed occurs as nondominant type", "Bawm": "Internally headed or relative clause-noun", "Belhare": "Internally-headed occurs as nondominant type", "Byansi": "Internally headed or relative clause-noun", "Choctaw": "Internally headed relative clause dominant", "Chang": "Internally headed or relative clause-noun", "Chimariko": "Internally headed relative clause dominant", "Chin (Mara)": "Internally headed relative clause dominant", "Canela": "Internally headed or noun-relative clause", "Chin (Tiddim)": "Internally-headed exists", "Donno So": "Internally headed relative clause dominant", "Diegueño (Mesa Grande)": "Internally headed relative clause dominant", "Dla (Menggwa)": "Internally headed or relative clause-noun", "Epena Pedee": "Internally headed relative clause dominant", "Evenki": "Internally-headed occurs as nondominant type", "Even": "Internally-headed occurs as nondominant type", "Gumawana": "Internally headed or noun-relative clause", "Haida": "Internally headed relative clause dominant", "Haruai": "Internally headed or relative clause-noun", "Ika": "Internally headed relative clause dominant", "Imonda": "Internally headed or relative clause-noun", "Jamsay": "Internally-headed or double-headed", "Japanese": "Internally-headed occurs as nondominant type", "Kewa": "Internally headed or relative clause-noun", "Kham (Dege)": "Internally-headed occurs as nondominant type", "Kiowa": "Internally headed relative clause dominant", "Koasati": "Internally headed or relative clause-noun", "Korean": "Internally-headed occurs as nondominant type", "Kutenai": "Internally headed relative clause dominant", "Lai": "Internally headed or relative clause-noun", "Lavukaleve": "Internally headed relative clause dominant", "Lakhota": "Internally headed relative clause dominant", "Maricopa": "Internally headed or noun-relative clause", "Murrinh-Patha": "Internally headed or noun-relative clause", "Mian": "Internally headed relative clause dominant", "Maisin": "Internally headed relative clause dominant", "Navajo": "Internally headed relative clause dominant", "Ngadjumaja": "Internally-headed exists", "Naga (Zeme)": "Internally-headed exists", "Oneida": "Internally headed relative clause dominant", "Osage": "Internally headed relative clause dominant", "Panjabi": "Internally headed or relative clause-noun", "Pitjantjatjara": "Internally headed or noun-relative clause", "Resígaro": "Internally headed or noun-relative clause", "Retuarã": "Internally headed relative clause dominant", "rGyalrong (Caodeng)": "Internally headed relative clause dominant", "Seediq": "Internally-headed occurs as nondominant type", "Seri": "Internally headed relative clause dominant", "Slave": "Internally headed or noun-relative clause", "Sanuma": "Internally-headed or correlative", "Supyire": "Internally-headed occurs as nondominant type", "Tagalog": "Internally-headed occurs as nondominant type", "Tibetan (Shigatse)": "Internally headed or relative clause-noun", "Tiipay (Jamul)": "Internally headed relative clause dominant", "Southern Toussian": "Internally headed relative clause dominant", "Tukang Besi": "Internally headed or noun-relative clause", "Udihe": "Internally headed or relative clause-noun", "Wappo": "Internally headed relative clause dominant", "Wayampi": "Internally-headed exists", "Wambon": "Internally headed or relative clause-noun", "Yuwaalaraay": "Internally headed relative clause dominant" }