Input: should direct short- and long-term assistance to both the displaced and host communities. This can help reduce real and perceived inequalities and prevent host communities from forming negative attitudes about newly arriving displaced persons. Phase II of Jya Mbere continues the area-based approach of Phase I, providing multi-sectoral support to respond to the impacts of forced displacement, covering refugees and host communities. The mid-term survey for Phase I indicated positive results from this approach for social relations between refugees and local residents, mirroring results from independent impact evaluations of the Development Response to Displacement Impacts Project (DRDIP) in Ethiopia (P152822) and Kenya (P161067). 47. **By creating new challenges and new opportunities, the presence of refugees transforms the environment** **in which host communities are pursuing their own development efforts.** This requires an approach that supports hosting areas rather than focusing on refugees alone. Investments are needed to mitigate the downside of hosting refugees – overcrowded basic services, environmental degradation, competition over natural resources and, sometimes, over employment opportunities – while taking advantage of the benefits their presence may generate through their human capital, financial resources and the humanitarian and development assistance they can Page 13

Development Response to Displacement Impacts Project (DRDIP)

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: place for the proposed project implementation). 51. **The PIU to be established at the MEP is expected to undertake the FM aspects of the proposed Project.** These encompass the following main tasks: (i) budget formulation and monitoring; (ii) cash flow management (including processing payments and submitting loan withdrawal applications to the Bank); (iii) maintenance of accounting records, including an inventory of fixed assets for the Project, (iv) administration of adequate information systems; (v) preparation of in-year and year-end financial reports; and (vi) contracting the external audit. The FM arrangements for the project will rely on country systems for budgeting, accounting and treasury, which are considered adequate [30] will be used as the project’s FM arrangements. Loan proceeds will be disbursed to an account in the Central Bank of Costa Rica named General Fund. Unaudited semi-annual financial statements will be submitted 45 days after the end of each calendar semester. Annual financial statements which will be audited under terms of reference and by an external firm, both acceptable to the World Bank, will be produced for the project. Basic arrangements to ensure control, recording, and reporting are further described in Annex 1. 52. **Procurement** . Procurement for the Project will be

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: take-up the following year. There is some evidence for this happening in developed markets; for example, Kunreuther, Sanderson, and Vetschera (1985) note that purchases of flood and earthquake insurance in the United States spike after a recent event, even if people were not insurance customers before. There are a number of theories that could explain this behavior. First, recent experiences with rainfall could change subjects’ beliefs about the probability of a rainfall shock the following year (this is proposed as “recency bias”in Karlan et al. [2014]). If there is actual autocorrelation of rainfall events or if the subject has limited knowledge about the effects of rainfall shocks, people may update their beliefs about shocks and therefore have more desire for insurance the following year. Alternatively, recently experiencing a rainfall shock could make shocks more salient, increasing the chance they will buy insurance the following year. Also, rainfall shocks may affect the wealth of the farmers. If farmers become poorer because of bad rainfall, CRRA utility would suggest that they would be even more risk averse the next year as a second shock would cause greater disutility. I start by examining whether there is actual autocorrelation in the rainfall data. To

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: will include enhancing its operational framework, providing staff training on risk management and financial advisory services, and equipping CPEC with digital tools, building on multi-year technical assistance from the World Bank and other donors, to leverage CPECs proven capabilities and streamline advisory services to the C4N beneficiaries as well as those that will benefit from the FISs. **Sub-component 1.3: Strengthening the Social Registry (total IDA US$2 Million equivalent, including WHR US$0.3** **Million)** 38. **This sub-component will finance the scale-up of the SR among all Djiboutians, refugees and host communities,** **toward full coverage which will be a critical foundation for coordinating support across ministries and development** **partners.** The social registry will play a crucial role in coordinating existing funding and mobilizing additional resources to 22 Malaeb, B.; Duplantier, A., Maarraoui, G., Fluet, E. (2023). Towards a More Equitable Development: Constraints and Opportunities of Women in Djibouti. The World Bank, Washington Page 11

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: and concludes the paper. **2. Georeferenced Database Construction** We combine data from BMD, IMD and IBTrACS to document all recorded cyclonic storms in the Indian Ocean region from 1877 to 2016. We construct a panel database; the component for each storm includes a unique identification number; year and month of occurrence [1] ; maximum wind speed (kt); radial distance (km) from storm center to zone of maximum wind speed; IMD storm classification derived from wind speed; time indices for successive observation points [2] ; and latitude/longitude for each point. We use ArcGIS to construct individual storm-track polylines by interpolation from time indexed latitude/longitude observations for each storm. Then we determine maximum-impact 1 The first month for storms that occur in two months. 2 Incommensurate day/time tracking in the three databases (BMD, IMD, IBTrACS) could be addressed in a more complete exercise. For our purposes, identifying successive observations by cardinal units [1,2,3, ...] is sufficient for constructing GIS polylines that trace individual storm tracks. 4

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: have a stronger focus on all households’ members, rather than focusing only on women and young children. In addition, they provide more detailed information on labor market participation, such as exact profession (where, for example, being a miner is a possible outcome), hours worked, and a wage indicator. The data estimate household expenditure and household income. Wages, income, and expenditure can, however, be difficult to measure in economies where nonmonetary compensation for labor and subsistence farming are common practices. **4 Empirical Strategies** **4.1 Individual-level difference-in-differences** Time-varying data on production and repeated survey data allow us to use a difference-in differences approach. [7] However, due to the spatial nature of our data and the fact that some mines are spatially clustered, we use a strategy developed by Benshaul-Tolonen (2018). The difference-in-difference model compares the treatment group (close to mines) before and after the mine opening, while removing the change that happens in the control group (far away from mines) over time under the assumption that such changes reflect underlying temporal variation common to both treatment and control areas. We limit the data to include households within 100 km of a mine location and estimate the following: _Yivt = β0 + β1

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: use, a shift in crop composition towards higher-value crops, and more active rental markets to transfer land from less to more productive users. This suggests removal of earlier threats of expropriation encouraged more effective use of highly productive peri-urban land to intensify agricultural production and, by doing so, increased job opportunities and resulted in changes of labor supply. Young individuals shifted from migration to agricultural activities while the old shifted from farming to off-farm activities. The paper is structured as follows. Section two provides context, discusses some of the salient features of the Chengdu experiment, and introduces analytical methodology and data sources. Section three presents descriptive statistics from the household survey as well the nature and cost of the land certification process in Chengdu. Section four discusses impacts on household welfare, individual labor supply, and agricultural productivity and crop composition. Section five concludes with implications for policy and future research. **2. Motivation and background** Between 2000 and 2010, rural-urban land conversion in China expanded at rates that are among the highest in East Asia. As such changes are not easily reversed, this poses vast challenges for China’s development for decades to come. While piecemeal efforts to change this pattern had

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: households inside Chengdu and 453 and 382 households in neighboring counties (Meishan and Ziyang) in the pre-and post-reform sample, respectively. Using a triple-difference approach, reform effects are identified based on difference between (i) years one and two within the same household; (ii) pre- and post-reform periods; and (iii) treated and non-treated households. The basic equation of interest can be written as ���� ��������� ���������� ������� ���������� ����������� ��������������� ������� ������� ��� �����(1) where _Yijt_ is the outcome of interest for household _I_ in village _j_ in year _t_ ; [12] _Xijt_ is a vector of time-varying household characteristics including the number of children, adults and old people, highest education, the head’s gender and age, and the amount from pension and medical schemes as well as crop subsidies received; _Vijt_ is a vector of time-varying village characteristics including total working age population, land area used for agriculture, distances to educational, health, and administrative institutions; _δij_ is a household fixed effect, _εijt_ is an error term; _Rijt_ is a binary indicator taking a value of 1 if the observation is post-reform (2011/12) and 0 otherwise; _Cij_ is an indicator that is 1 for households within Chengdu prefecture and 0 otherwise; _Tijt_ is

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: communities close to mines that have not started producing, evidenced by the fact that infant mortality is 8 percent compared to 7 percent farther away, and 6 percent in communities with active mines. The anthropometrics height-for-age (stunting or chronic malnutrition), weight-for-age (wasting or acute malnutrition), and weight-for-height (underweight) show that the children living in mining communities before the mine started operating have the lowest scores of all four groups. The outcomes seem to improve with mining, although not enough to offset the initial adverse situation. To test for exogeneity, we run regressions using baseline individual-level data to explore changes in observable characteristics among women (the main part of the sample). Table 3 shows that there are no significant effects of the mine opening on the age structure, migration history, marital status, fertility, or education, using the difference-in-difference specification with a full set of controls. If anything, it seems that women in active mining communities are marginally older, more likely to never have moved, and more likely to be or have been in a cohabiting relationship or married. Given the women’s slightly higher age, it is not surprising to find that they have higher fertility and lower schooling (assuming that schooling

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: on industrial transformation and value-chain production. In 2023, the GRZ launched its National Adaptation Plan (NAP), a long-term strategic plan formulated to address identified risks and vulnerabilities in various sectors to enhance Zambia’s resilience to the impacts of climate change. **B. Sectoral and Institutional Context** 6. **Zambia has a long history of hosting refugees lasting over six decades.** Between 1985 and 2007, the country hosted more than 100,000 refugees and asylum seekers. The largest portion fled to Zambia from Angola during the longrunning civil war that occurred after the country’s achievement of independence in 1975. Other significant refugee populations have arrived following the civil conflicts in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, and Burundi. Following the end of Angola’s 27-year civil war in 2002, more than 74,000 Angolan refugees returned home under a voluntary repatriation program that concluded in 2007. 7. **There are currently approximately** **101,837 refugees, asylum seekers, and former refugees in Zambia.** **[10]** The majority of refugees and asylum seekers originate from the Democratic Republic of Congo; other significant refugee populations are from Burundi, Somalia, Angola, and Rwanda. Zambia continues to receive new arrivals of refugees and asylum seekers—approximately 600–800 refugees arrive each month from the South Kivu,

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: **The World Bank** Integrated Community Resilience Project (P506969) PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT enhance Djibouti’s responsiveness to shocks, such as economic crises and natural disasters. To achieve this, the project will expand interoperability between the social registry and other essential databases, including civil registries and public health systems, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of targeting vulnerable households while reducing errors of exclusion and inclusion. Based on the piloting undertaken under the PITCH and the Social Protection Emergency Crisis Response Project, inclusion of refugees will be enhanced with the objective of enrolling more refugees, facilitating their access to services. The MASS in collaboration with ANSIE are undertaking a comprehensive audit of the SR that will result into a comprehensive plan for revising its operational manual, a plan of action of which will inform key stakeholders. This initiative will also support better coordination with United Nations humanitarian agencies and development partners, ensuring that refugee populations are better documented and ascertained so that they can benefit from a wider range of integrated services. Interoperability with other databases will also enhance responsiveness in the event of a natural disaster. 39. **In addition to reinforcing the social registry, the sub-component will support enhancing the operational capacity**

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: ## Background ## OBJECTIVES Study a select number of protracted refugee populations in Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda and DRC and assess their risk of statelessness arising from prolonged exile. Develop recommendations for local integration pathways that mitigate risks of statelessness and ensure the realization of the right to a nationality, including access to legal identity documentation, in support of durable solutions. Inform the development of a comprehensive durable solutions strategy for forcibly displaced persons, including refugees in the Great Lakes region. The Great Lakes sub-region is characterized by a number of protracted refugee situations. In some situations, several generations of refugees have been born in exile in their country of asylum. Statelessness canaarise as both a cause and consequence of displacement, particularly for forcibly displaced populations who have spent a prolonged time in exile. In some instances, refugees have lost their ties with their country of origin, are unable to prove their legal ties to their country of origin, or might no longer be considered citizens by their country of origin, and remain without guaranteed access to the citizenship of their country of asylum and thus might be at risk of statelessness. In the spirit of the 2019 Munyonyo Outcome Document

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: Conversely, NGOs, the media and Israeli officials have held Israel accountable to the high standards of its international commitments. Thus, in parallel to employing harsh deterrence measures, Israel has also offered limited and differing degrees of protection. Over time, the government has issued a few thousand work permits to Sudanese and Eritreans, exercising a degree of tolerance and recognition of their needs, although these were exceptional permits that had to be renewed. But the majority of asylum seekers have not received such permits and have been forced to work illegally to survive. Such uneven, contradictory action exempts the state from declaring its allegiance either to deterrence or tolerance. 7UNHCR made the initial identification and interview of the asylum seeker. On the basis this process, a recommendation was given to the National Status Granting Body (NSGB), an inter-ministerial committee responsible for considering UNHCR recommendations. The final decision was taken by the MOI. 5

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: percent of students from lower secondary to short-cycle tertiary enroll in vocational education and training, compared to 32 percent 9 [https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/64e578cbeaa522631f08f0cafba8960e-0140062023/related/HCI-AM23-CRI.pdf](https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/64e578cbeaa522631f08f0cafba8960e-0140062023/related/HCI-AM23-CRI.pdf) 10 OECD Education at A Glance, 2023, Table A4.2. The correlation (not causation) between socio-economic conditions, academic achievement and labor market outcomes is a global phenomenon. For the OECD countries as a whole in 2018, the percentage of below Level 2 performers from the top quintile of the PISA index for economic, social and cultural status, was 8%; while for the bottom quintile, the figure was 49%. For the labor market figures quoted in the text, 30% of 25-64 year olds for the OECD countries correspond to the 32% mentioned in the text for Costa Rica. [11 Encuesta de expectativas de empleo, Q1 2024, ManpowerGroup: https://go.manpowergroupcca.com/meos-cr.](https://go.manpowergroupcca.com/meos-cr) 12 OECD Economic Surveys - Costa Rica, February 2023. Page 2

PISA index for economic, social and cultural status

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: **The World Bank** Uganda Development Response to Displacement Impacts Project Phase II (P510476) PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT interventions on anti-corruption and accountability, which will continue to play (as in DRDIP I) an important role in mitigating political and governance risks. 94. **Institutional capacity for implementation and sustainability (Substantial).** OPM implemented DRDIP I to a high standard, but the long gap between the closure of Phase I and commencement of Phase II means many project staff have moved on to new positions. The main project delivery mechanism is CDD, which means communities lead on planning, subproject identification, procurement, and FM. While this approach has proven effective, it requires extensive technical support to succeed. The success of the project also depends on intensive coordination across line agencies, districts, and humanitarian agencies, adding to complexity. The World Bank will provide hand-on support to the government teams on core project management functions, such as FM, procurement, and E&S management. At the community level, the project will contract partner organizations to build local implementation capacity. 95. **Fiduciary (Substantial).** The FM risk is Substantial and the procurement risk is Moderate. The major risks are delays in disbursing to communities and making payments as well as accounting for

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: policies, including a large-scale governmental deportation campaign targeted at authorised workers who overstayed their visas and became unauthorised (Willen 2007). The third transformation is the ongoing influx of African migrants. Against this backdrop, the 2006 refugee influx met heightened anxiety over the transforming ethnonational character of the Israeli nation-state. The idea that mass influx involves demographic change has deep roots and was tactically used by Jews themselves prior to establishment of the state and during the British mandate (Neuman 1999). This language was engaged again, intensified by these changing patterns of migration and the ongoing focus on state security, to represent asylum seekers as a serious threat to both social cohesiveness and security - conveyed through the transportable, easy-to-use refugee template. Politicians and public officials further inflamed the debate by releasing controversial statements. PM Netanyahu employed rejectionist rhetoric: ―infiltrators cause cultural, social and economic damage, and pull us towards the Third World‖ and, in a slip of tongue, he later referred to the infiltrators as ―surge of refugees who threaten to wash away our achievements and damage our existence as a Jewish democratic state‖ (Goldstein 2010). The head of the SCPFW has called for a stop to the ―illegal infiltration‖

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: ##### **Introduction** Coastal wetlands, which are comprised of marshes, swamps, mangroves and other coastal plant communities, provide a large number of goods and services that contribute to the economic welfare of the local and global communities (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005). [4] Examples of ecosystem services include the protection of shorelines from erosion, storm buffering, sediment retention, water quality maintenance, nutrient recycling, preservation of biodiversity, provision of natural environmental amenities, climate regulation, carbon sequestration, as well as cultural heritage and spiritual benefits (Larson et al., 1989; Barbier, 1991; Williams, 1990; Barbier et al., 1997; Brouwer et al., 1999; Woodward and Wui, 2001; McLeod et al., 2005; Brander et al., 2006). However, coastal wetlands are declining rapidly. Recent estimates indicate that approximately 1% of the global coastal wetland stock was lost each year in the late 20 [th] century (Nicholls, 2004; Hoozemans et al., 1993). The causes of wetland loss are numerous and often complex. [5] The rapid loss of the global coastal wetland stock in the 20 [th] century was primarily caused by direct land reclamation. While significant losses due to human actions are likely to continue in the future, it is projected that stresses on wetland areas may be further

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: Ukraine Emergency](https://www.unhcr.org/emergencies/ukraine-emergency) webpage **Operational data portals:** - [Ukraine Refugee Situation](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine) - [Europe Sea Arrivals](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/europe-sea-arrivals) webpage **Contact:** UNHCR Regional Bureau for Europe [rbeext@unhcr.org](mailto:rbeext%40unhcr.org?subject=) **[Join our mailing list](https://manage.kmail-lists.com/subscriptions/subscribe?a=VYAYG5&g=QZGRtb)** www.unhcr.org/europe Page 7 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** O C T O B E R 2 0 2 4

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: robust results for Africa. This assumption in turn implies that the next three months would be spring, the three months after that would be summer, and August, September and October would be fall (in the north). These seasonal definitions were chosen because they provided the best fit with the data and reflected the mid-point for key rainy seasons in the sample. We adjusted for the fact that seasons in the southern and northern hemispheres occur at exactly the opposite months of the year. Soil data was obtained from FAO (2003). The FAO data provides information about the major and minor soils in each location. Data concerning the hydrology was predicted from a hydrological model for Africa (Strzepek & McCluskey 2006). The model calculated the water flow through each district in the surveyed countries. Data on elevation at the centroid of each district was obtained through GIS manipulation using data from the United States Geological Survey (USGS, 2004). The USGS data are derived from a global digital elevation model with a horizontal grid spacing of 30 arc seconds (approximately one kilometer). 7

data from the United States Geological Survey

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: of 510 million square kilometers, which implies the processing of 63 billion pixels. **3.** **Assign flood risk categories to population headcounts at the pixel level and aggregate to the** **administrative unit:** As the flood hazard and population density maps are converted into the same spatial resolution, each population map cell can be assigned a unique flood risk classification – these cells can then be aggregated to the administrative unit level (e.g. province or district level). This allows the calculation of population headcounts for each flood risk category and for each (sub-)national administrative unit. A detailed description of how this process is implemented in practice is provided in Section 4.2. This process yields an estimate of the number and share of people exposed to no-, low, moderate, high, and very high flood risk during an intense flood event. These estimates are available globally with a resolution of 90 meters, but they are also aggregated to administrative units, including for each country and subnational unit. These estimates are also aggregated to yield regional and global estimates. **4.** **Compute the number of poor people exposed to flood risk:** While poverty estimates are not available at the pixel level, the World Bank’s GMD database

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: in particular that of venturing into areas affected by ED in search of means of subsistence or even collecting scrap metal found on explosive remnants of war for resale. In the face of a growing threat from ED, mine action capacities remain limited in Niger. Considerable challenges exist both in programmatic actions and in the coordination of interventions. No mine action coordination mechanism is functional either at the national level or in the regions affected by ED. This makes it difficult to strategically harmonize, target and prioritize mine action interventions. The objective of this note is to strengthen advocacy with state authorities, the various technical and donor partners in order to support mine action in Niger, protect communities and humanitarian actors against the risks associated with ED and enable them to enjoy their fundamental rights and freedoms. ## **II. Analysis of the evolution of ED incidents and their impact** From the last quarter of 2022 to the 2nd reported mainly in the regions of Tillabery **2023, which indicates a worrying increase** **in the threat of ED in Niger.** This threat 1 UNHCR Niger montlhy PoC statistics, Juin 2023 2 Population displacement statistics, Ministry of Humanitarian Action and Disaster Management, july

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: region – which is itself a region of emigration. # 30.7 % 5 Non-Ukrainian nationals; of these, 52 per cent were in Bosnia and Herzegovina; 25 per cent in Serbia; 7 per cent in Kosovo; 6 per cent each in Albania and Montenegro; and 4 per cent in North Macedonia. In North Macedonia, this number includes individuals outside government-run centres, with forcibly displaced and stateless people accommodated in government or IOM-run centres, asylum centres, and transit facilities. UNHCR utilises arrival data to estimate the numbers involved. Note: References to Kosovo shall be understood to be in the context of Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999). Page 5 **U N H C R R E G I O N A L B U R E A U F O R E U R O P E,** O C T O B E R 2 0 2 4

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: **The World Bank** Uganda Development Response to Displacement Impacts Project Phase II (P510476) PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT Knowledge and technology transfer from TSPs to CRPs will be crucial for long-term sustainability at scale. Training content for CRPs and project beneficiaries will focus on climate resilience through adoption of improved inputs, technologies, and practices, while ensuring availability of information services on soil, weather, and markets for risk mitigation. Building on global lessons from World Bank-financed CDD projects, two-three specialized CRPs will be developed in each village in line with priority value chains under implementation. CRP networks will include refugees in the settlements. 44. **Collaboration with other World Bank-financed projects will be prioritized to maximize impacts.** DRDIP II will collaborate with INVITE and NUSAF IV to identify common economic infrastructure development and job creation opportunities. Several strategies will be implemented to prevent beneficiary overlap between NUSAF IV and DRDIP II in RHDs: (a) NUSAF IV will focus on the poorest individuals, while DRDIP II will target ‘active individuals’ identified through national wealth ranking data; (b) DRDIP II will concentrate on regions with a high refugee population, freeing up NUSAF IV to operate in other areas; (c) data sharing will be facilitated through interoperability

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: in the country live in flood hazard zones. In other words, high-income provinces and districts tend to be more exposed to flood risks. However, a different study finds that in Ho Chi Minh City, the poor are disproportionally exposed to flooding (Narloch and Bangalore 2018). How do these results fit together? Indeed, at the local level the relationship between poverty and flood exposure can be inversed. Flood hazards tend to be highly localized, with some neighborhoods being at risk from frequent inundation, while other nearby neighborhoods may benefit from higher elevation or better drainage systems. Hallegatte et al. (2017) review the literature and conclude that land and housing markets often push poorer people to settle in these riskier areas, especially where land is scarce. Indeed, a meta-analysis of the literature suggests that a 1 percentage point increase in the yearly probability of flooding is associated with a 0.6 percent decrease in housing prices (Daniel, Florax, and Rietveld 2009). In Ho Chi Minh City, for instance, qualitative surveys suggest flood-prone areas can be much cheaper than non-flood-prone areas for the same quality of accommodation (World Bank and Australian AID 2014). Using a household survey in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Erman et

household survey in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: # **PROTECTION** **BRIEF** **CZECHIA** ## Operational Context Based on the number of refugees who applied for an extension of Temporary Protection in 2024 (320,000), the figures of Temporary Protection holders in Czechia, including new arrivals, were updated to **338,736** people as of 31 March 2024, compared to 373,745 at the end of 2023 (source: Ministry of the Interior). In January 2024, _Lex Ukraine_ was amended to extend Temporary Protection until March 2025. Changes introduced include an adjustment of the initial level of humanitarian benefits, maintaining support for the most vulnerable individuals, and the reduction of cost-free accommodation for all new arrivals from 150 to 90 days. This report presents an overview of refugees’ demographic profiles and displacement patterns as well as main findings regarding protection risks, priority needs and intentions of refugees from Ukraine in Czechia. The analysis is based on 480 Protection Monitoring interviews and findings from focus group discussions with refugees from Ukraine across the country in the first quarter of 2024. ## Key Figures 338,736 320,000 ## 338,736 320,000 Temporary Protection holders in Czechia among whom have registered for an extension ## 92% of Protection Monitoring respondents are Temporary Protection holders ## 32% of respondents have at

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: are found in the Mekong Delta, the Red River Delta, and the Southeast Coast (Figs. 5, 6, and 7). But the relative exposure (that is, the percent of the district population which is exposed to floods) shows a larger spread (Figs. 8, 9, 10). Most areas in the country – including the North Central Coast and the Northeast – have high percentages of their populations residing in flood-prone areas (Fig. 8). Flood Exposure and Poverty To examine the question of how many poor people in Vietnam are exposed to flooding, we multiply the population exposure estimates by the district’s poverty headcount rate (the percentage of people living below USD 1.25 per day), as calculated in (Lanjouw et al. 2013). For a 25-year historical flood, 30% of today’s poor population is exposed. This number increases by between 16 and 28% given climate change impacts. For a 50-year return period under a high climate scenario, 40% of today’s poor people in Vietnam are exposed to flooding. For a 200-year return period under a high climate scenario, more than half of today’s poor are exposed. Similar to the population analysis, the impact of climate change on the number of poor people exposed is

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: will be biased (Heckman 1979; Lee 1983). In Section 2 we develop a theoretical model that improves on past efforts to model irrigation with the Ricardian approach by explicitly addressing farmer choice and selection bias. We tested this model empirically using a sample of over 8400 farmers from across 11 African countries. The results reveal that the choice of irrigation is endogenous. Farmers select irrigation rather than dryland to maximize profits. As temperatures warm or precipitation declines, farmers turn to irrigation to keep their farms viable. As long as there is a sufficient flow of water, irrigation is an important adaptation strategy. We then used this empirical model to examine the welfare impacts of climate change on African agriculture. Using a mild and a severe climate scenario, we examined how irrigation and net revenues will be affected. We compared the results of our model with endogenous irrigation with a model that assumes irrigation is exogenous. We found evidence of selection bias but, more importantly, we found that treating irrigation as though it is exogenous leads to biased welfare estimates. The paper concludes by summarizing the results and discussing some policy implications. 4

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: **REFERENCES** Basist A et al., 2001. Using the Special Sensor Microwave Imager to monitor surface wetness. _Journal of Hydrometeorology_ 2: 297–308. Cline WR, 1996. The impact of global warming on agriculture: Comment. _American_ _Economic Review_ 86: 1309–1312. Darwin R, 1999. The impacts of global warming on agriculture: A Ricardian analysis: Comment. _American Economic Review_ 89: 1049–1052. Dubin JA & McFadden DL, 1984. An econometric analysis of residential electric appliance holdings and consumption. _Econometrica_ 52(2): 345–362. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), 1997. Irrigation potential in Africa: A basin approach. _FAO Land and Water Bulletin,_ 4, FAO Land and Water Development Division, Rome. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), 2003. The digital soil map of the world: Version 3.6 (January), Rome, Italy. Heckman JJ, 1979. Sample selection bias as a specification error. _Econometrica_ 47: 153–161. Heltberg R & Tarp F, 2002. Agricultural supply response and poverty in Mozambique. _Food_ _Policy_ 27: 103–124. Kurukulasuriya P & Mendelsohn R, 2005. A regional analysis of the impact of climate change on African agriculture, Mimeo, Yale University. Lee LF, 1983. Generalized econometric models with selectivity. _Econometrica_ 51: 507–512. Mendelsohn R & Dinar A, 2003. Climate, water, and agriculture. _Land Economics_ 79(3): 328–341. Mendelsohn R & Nordhaus W,

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: period hazard maps used for each of the future scenarios are outlined in Table 2. Although simplistic, this method allows areas that may be impacted by increasing riverine and extreme rainfall driven flooding to be identified. Clearly there are some significant assumptions and uncertainties arising from this method. However, given the impracticalities of modeling future flood hazard in Vietnam, this approach provides a plausible and practical attempt to estimate changing flood hazard at the national scale. For each of the four return periods, four scenarios are modeled (historical, future with low sea level rise, future with medium sea level rise, and future with high sea level rise), combining the coastal and fluvial/pluvial hazard layers (Table 2). For full details on the methodology used to produce these hazard maps, see the online supplementary materials. Importantly, the flood hazard models do not include flood protection (such as dikes and drainage systems), which can make a large difference in the flood hazard particularly in well-protected areas. In these wellprotected areas, our flood maps may overestimate the flood hazard. This is a data limitation that affects many studies of flood exposure: even in high-income countries like the US, flood protection databases are incomplete and

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: prevalence of ED incidents related also leads to restrictions on the mobility of civilian populations on the roads to weekly markets, and the main cities of communities/departments. About 36% of those interviewed [6] say they encounter mobility constraints due to the activities of the NSAGs and military operations. This indicator varies from one region to another. In the regions of Diffa and Tillabery, 56% of respondents say they encounter mobility constraints, one of the main reasons being the presence of ED. This considerably limits the periodic supply of households with means of subsistence and necessities in addition to the fear and psychological distress that the unpredictable presence of ED inflicts on communities. It is also important to highlight that of the 11 affected departments in the Diffa and Tillabéry regions, 9 (82%) are also affected by the food insecurity [7] . This could exacerbate 4 CNCCAI: The disaggregation by sex and age of the 2023 data for victims is not yet available. However, according to the Child Protection Sub-cluster, the Child Protection Working Group of the Diffa region recorded 18 child victims of ED in 2022, the majority of whom (74%) are girls who went to look for firewood. 5

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: the last quarter of 2022 to the 2nd reported mainly in the regions of Tillabery **2023, which indicates a worrying increase** **in the threat of ED in Niger.** This threat 1 UNHCR Niger montlhy PoC statistics, Juin 2023 2 Population displacement statistics, Ministry of Humanitarian Action and Disaster Management, july 2023 3 Source : National Commission for the Collection and Control of Illicit Weapons (CNCCAI in french)

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: already causes major problems in Vietnam, with some segments of the population more vulnerable than others (Adger 1999; World Bank 2010; World Bank and Australian AID 2014). In particular, evidence suggests poor people are more vulnerable than the rest of the population to natural disasters such as floods, as their incomes are more dependent on weather, their housing and assets are less protected, and they are more prone to health impacts (Hallegatte et al. 2016, Chapter 3). Poor people also have a lower capacity to cope with and adapt to shocks due to lower access to savings, borrowing, or social protection; and climate change is likely to worsen these trends (Hallegatte et al. 2016, Chapter 5). Therefore, it is important to quantify how many people are exposed to floods, how this distribution of exposure falls upon regions and socioeconomic groups, and how climate change may influence these trends. In the spirit of a Bstress-test^ to examine the seriousness of the issue, this paper employs flood hazard maps and spatial socioeconomic data to examine the following questions in context of Vietnam: 1. How many people are exposed currently? How might this change under climate change? 2. Where is exposure highest currently?

flood hazard maps
spatial socioeconomic data

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: Additionally, climate change exacerbates existing pressures, with rising temperatures and erratic rainfall further straining local resources and food security. 2. **These economic and climate constraints contribute to persistently high levels of inequality and social** **vulnerability** . Using the World Bank poverty line for Low Middle-Income Countries (LMIC) of US$3.65 a day (2017 purchasing power parity), the extreme poverty rate for 2022 is estimated at 39 percent (World Bank 2023a). Inequality in Djibouti is among the highest in the Middle East and North Africa, with an estimated Gini coefficient of 0.42 in 2017. The highest income decile of the population consumes approximately 16 times as much as the lowest decile and twice that of the ninth decile (World Bank 2019a). Extreme poverty is particularly severe in rural areas, where it reaches 62.6 percent, much higher than in urban Djibouti. Water management and planning performance, integrating cooling systems, diversifying livelihoods, and responsive safety nets were key recommendations from the Climate Change Development Report (2024) for Djibouti. 3. **Low human capital further constrains economic and climate resilience and limits opportunities for inclusive** **growth.** Djibouti’s LMIC status contrasts sharply with its poor human capital outcomes (World Bank, HCR, 2024). Deficiencies are evident throughout the

World Bank poverty line for Low Middle-Income Countries

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: stem from the same occupational variable in the DHS data, and are mutually exclusive. The surveyed individual is told to report their main occupation. The coefficients can therefore be interpreted as relative increases of each specific sector. Women are more likely to earn cash for work, and the likelihood increases by 5.4 percentage points, which is equal to a 6 percent increase. While the directionality of the occupational outcomes is broadly in line with previous results (Kotsadam and Tolonen, 2016, for 29 African countries, and Benshaul-Tolonen, 2018, for 8 African gold-producing countries), the estimates are largely insignificant, potentially due to a limited sample size. Two categories have positive, albeit insignificant, coefficients: services and manual labor. The (insignificant) estimate for service jobs [9] is equivalent to 6.7% increased employment, and manual labor 10.2%, alongside which the likelihood that a woman earns cash for her work increases with 6%. For men (panel B of table 4), the estimates point toward an increase in agriculture, services, and professional (all statistically insignificant estimates), but a decreased likelihood of working in manual labor. Results for men in panel B are largely insignificant, and it is worthwhile noting that the sample size is only slightly above

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: these mines. **Figure 2 Gold mines and DHS clusters in Ghana** **Panel A Gold mines and 20 km buffer zones Panel B Gold mines, DHS clusters, and 100 km buffer zones** 4 The distances are radii from mine center point, and form concentric circles around the mine. 5 The DHS and the GLSS data are representative at the regional level, and not at the district level. Since the regional level is too aggregated, we do the analysis at the district level, but note that the sample may not be representative. 8

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: regions alike. Figure 10 especially highlights high-risk regions in coastal regions and large river basins – such as the Mississippi, Nile, Ganges, Brahmaputra, or Mekong basins. _Figure 10. Share of total subnational population that is exposed to significant flood risk (percent)_ Pool (Congo Republic) Pathum Thani (Thailand) N'djamna (Chad) Sing Buri (Thailand) Red River Delta (Vietnam) Unity (South Sudan) Mekong Delta (Vietnam) Phra Nakhon Si Ayu (Thailand) Vientiane (Laos) Nonthaburi (Thailand) _Figure 11. Top 10 countries: Share of total subnational population that is exposed to significant flood risk_ **5.4.** **Income levels, poverty, and flood exposure** **The flood exposure of economic production value.** By taking into account per capita income levels, it is possible to obtain estimates of the value of economic activity that is exposed to flood risks around the world. Specifically, we multiply flood exposure headcounts with subnational estimates of daily income per capita (in $PPP terms, as obtained from the World Bank household survey database, Section 3.4). This yields the estimate that $5.3 trillion of 16

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: 43.7 60.5 24.5 Number of trees per acre 71.1 99.8 15.1 79.7 138.3 12.8 Planted coffee trees during the past 5 years 8.7 11.7 2.8 7.3 12.8 1.1 Planted fruit trees during the past 5 years 16.2 21.2 6.5 12.3 20.9 2.6 Planted soil fertility trees past 5 years 3.8 4.8 2.0 2.8 4.8 0.5 Planted (any) trees during the past 5 years 18.6 24.4 7.3 14.5 24.6 3.0 Number of trees planted past 5 years 16.6 22.4 5.3 17.8 28.1 6.1 Soil cons. (bunds, terracing, mulching) 20.5 24.7 12.3 19.9 27.6 11.0 Use of manure during the past year 7.8 9.6 4.2 7.2 11.2 2.7 Number of observations (parcels) 13130 8652 4478 5448 2904 2544 _Source:_ Own computation from 2005/06 UNHS III 18

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: based on data from BASIX. In panel B, I restrict the analysis to villages that had at least one buyer the year after insurance outcomes, creating a sample analogous to the “Marketing Restricted Sample” in table 3. The logic behind this is, if a village had zero buyers, it is likely that insurance was not marketed in the village that year, and therefore customers did not have an opportunity to purchase insurance. Restricting the data set in this way gives a much clearer pattern. Column 5 now shows much stronger effects of payouts on repeat buying, though the pattern is the same as in column 2. Small payouts have a negative effect, whereas increasing the payout ratio increases repeat buying. The squared term on the payout ratio is now negative and significant, indicating that high payout ratios have diminishing effects. The coefficients for new buyers in column 6 are now all significantly different from the coefficients for repeat buyers. In fact, the coefficients in column 5 flip signs, suggesting that payouts have the opposite effect on people who did not receive payouts. These results suggest that low payouts actually induce more new buyers, but that these effects decrease and then

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: Based on requests, the World Bank will transfer advances to the DAs. Subsequent replenishment of the DA will be based on the submission of application of withdrawal, accompanied by quarterly IFRs, which are reviewed and cleared by the World Bank. 57. **For activities implemented at the district level, MINEMA will disburse funds directly to each district into a** **separate operational project account denominated in RWF opened at the Central Bank.** Funds will be disbursed as per modalities stipulated in the TDIAs, which will include at a minimum an approved annual work plan and cash flow plan. Subsequent requests will be based on modalities defined in the PIM and the TDIAs. **IV.** **PROJECT APPRAISAL SUMMARY** **A. Technical, Economic and Financial Analysis** **Economic Analysis** 58. Based on the economic and financial analysis, the net present value (NPV) is estimated at US$25.2 million at a 12 percent discount rate, and the economic rate of return (ERR) at 26 percent. [25] For the purpose of this analysis, we consider anticipated economic benefits as the income of the project investments—therein applying the discounted cash flow model for financial analysis of private investments within the context of a World Bankfinanced project. Key variables used as assumptions

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: incorporate our long-run panel of cyclone data may contribute important insights about climate change adaptation on the coastal “front line”. 23

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: **Figure A1. Access to infrastructure: Varying the cutoff and spatial lag model** **Panel A Household has electricity** **Panel B Household has radio** **a. Varying cutoff** **a. Varying cutoff** **b. Spatial lag model** **b. Spatial lag model** **c. Spatial lag model by migration status** **c. Spatial lag model by migration status** _Note:_ The figure shows the main treatment coefficients ( _active*mine_ ) using the baseline estimation strategy (with DHS individual-level data; see table 4 for more information) in panel A, but with different distance cutoffs (10 km, 20 km, 30 km, 40 km, or 50 km). *** p<0.01, **p<0.05, *p<0.1. Panels Ab, Ac, Bb, and Bc show the result using spatial lag models, which divided the plane into different treatment bins (0–10, 10–20, 20–30, 40–50) and compares them with farther away distances. Panel B shows the result for all individuals, and panel C shows the main treatment result (active mine) when the sample has been split into migrants and nonmigrants. 44

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: The World Bank’s Environment Strategy focuses on both the threat to biodiversity from human encroachment, and the value of biodiversity resources for human populations. Our indicator for this two-way relationship in each country is its total human population in critical biodiversity areas. For marine biodiversity, we draw on estimates of reef ecosystems at risk by Bryant, et al. (1998). Summing across all endangered reefs, we use each country's share of the total as our index of marine biodiversity threat. While terrestrial and marine threats are quite distinct geographically, we create a composite indicator to match the Bank's thematic category (biodiversity conservation). Since the two indices are weakly correlated (ρ = .27), assignment of relative weights has a significant impact on the result. We assign equal weights, because we have no scientific basis for a differentiated weighting scheme. 5

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: and good governance. Additionally, the project supports key findings from the World Development Report 2023 on Migrants, Refugees and Societies, [18] by enhancing the freedoms, self-reliance and inclusion of both refugees and host community within national delivery systems. Furthermore, each activity will integrate climate-resilient design to reduce material risks to an acceptable level, ensuring long-term sustainability in the face of the country’s exposure to identified climate risks (extreme heat, droughts, floods). 18. **The challenges faced by Djibouti are further highlighted in the Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR)** **(2024), which identifies key areas for intervention, including strengthening water management, integrating cooling** **systems, diversifying livelihoods, and enhancing responsive safety nets** . The Integrated Community Resilience Project (ICRP) aligns with these recommendations, supporting Djibouti’s efforts to build climate resilience while addressing urgent needs in rural areas, particularly through enhancing the adaptive capacity of vulnerable populations. 19. **The project is aligned with the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) (2019)**, aiming to reduce vulnerability to climate change and to facilitate integration of adaptation into all levels of development planning including (i) access to water for all; ii) the promotion of best practices in the agricultural, forestry, fishery, and tourism sectors and reduced vulnerability to the

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: -0.094** -0.062 3.893 -0.064 -0.031 0.126*** (0.042) (0.040) (3.842) (0.066) (0.038) (0.042) _3. drop 2 years before_ active*mine -0.094** -0.062 3.708 -0.071 -0.026 0.125*** (0.041) (0.039) (3.459) (0.067) (0.036) (0.043) _4. mine FE_ active*mine -0.123** -0.094* 8.233 -0.068 -0.049 0.113** (0.057) (0.051) (5.425) (0.075) (0.044) (0.045) _5. mine clustering_ active*mine -0.086*** -0.055** 3.705 -0.058 -0.032 0.125** (0.025) (0.025) (2.898) (0.086) (0.032) (0.051) Mean dep var 0.715 0.705 45.71 0.491 0.259 0.028 _Note:_ The table uses GLSS data for Ghana for the survey years 1998, 2005, 2012. The sample is restricted to women and men aged 15–49. Robust standard errors clustered at the village or neighborhood level in parentheses (except if otherwise stated). All regressions control for year and district fixed effects, urban dummy, age, and years of education. Active is active status of mine in the survey year. The treatment distance is defined to 20 km. Rows 2 drop sample between 20 to 40 km of a mine, and rows 3 drop sample that was surveyed two years before mine opening. *** p<0.01, **p<0.05, *p<0.1. FE = fixed effects. 30

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: poor households’ productivity and resilience to lift their consumption permanently above the official poverty line. 4. **The government has embraced the long-term development approach to refugee management, aligning with** **international good practice.** [6] Important gains over the last five years include: (a) almost all refugee children now attend national schools rather than camp-based schools; (b) most urban refugees have access to the government’s national health insurance scheme; (c) plans are in place to transition camp-based health clinics to government management to lower costs and support integration of refugees into national service delivery systems; and (d) the government is implementing an economic inclusion strategy for refugees and host communities. Investments made over the last five years have addressed many of the impacts of the refugee presence that had created tensions with host community members. Survey data from the mid-term review (MTR) of Jya Mbere Phase I showed that this has strengthened social cohesion between refugees and host communities, creating a strong foundation for future economic progress. 5. **Building on the gains made, the government’s strategic aim for refugee management is now to promote** **self-reliance.** As one of the four objectives of the GCR, self-reliance is also central to both the National

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: **The World Bank** Uganda Development Response to Displacement Impacts Project Phase II (P510476) PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT of sub-project sites. Monitoring will be enhanced in Phase II, including regular beneficiary phone surveys and quarterly technical supervision missions, targeting infrastructure subprojects that are more complex and challenging. 52. **Importance of collaboration and partnerships across the humanitarian-development nexus.** The scale of the refugee presence and the scope of interventions required to bring about inclusion and self-reliance necessitates collaboration between various stakeholders, including government, non-governmental organizations, and international partners. Specific activities under DRDIP II to strengthen government-led coordination efforts are intended to build strong partnerships to create a holistic and integrated response framework. 53. **Refugee situations tend to last for years and managing them exclusively through emergency and humanitarian** **programs is ineffective** . The main conclusion of the World Development Report 2023 on _Migrants, Refugees, and_ _Societies_ is that policies should be geared toward financial and social sustainability by means of internal mobility, selfreliance, and inclusion in national services. The design of DRDIP II fully aligns with these lessons through its focus on selfreliance and integration of refugees into national service delivery systems. 54. **Multi-sectoral development investments directed to forcibly displaced populations and host

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: u1 ~ N(0,1) u2 ~ N(0, σ2) u3 ~ N(0, σ3) corr(u1, u2) = ρ2 corr(u1, u3) = ρ3 Irrigation is observed only if it is more profitable than dryland farming. Thus, the observed dependent variable Y is: Y=1 if ΠI > ΠD Y=0 if ΠD > ΠI When ρ = 0, OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) regression provides unbiased estimates, but when ρ ≅ 0 the OLS estimates are biased. We consequently employ the estimated Mills ratio from the selection model in both the irrigated and dryland conditional regressions in order to control for selection (Dubin & McFadden 1984). We expect the signs on the coefficient of the estimated Mills ratio to be opposite in each regression. With the estimated Mills ratios, the selection model allows us to use information on whether farms irrigate or not to improve the estimates of the parameters in the regression model. That is, the selection model provides consistent, asymptotically efficient estimates for all parameters in the model (Dubin & McFadden 1984). **3. Empirical results** The empirical analysis is based on a household survey conducted of 11 countries across Africa: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Ghana, Niger, Senegal, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe (for

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: early numeracy, to respond to the learning diagnostic (iii) Deployment of these didactic resources to classrooms at the Preschool, Primary, and Secondary levels (within each level and articulation between levels), and through MEP’s digital platform; (iv) Digital platform of a professional development plan for teachers, school principals, and pedagogical advisors for the deployment of foundational learning; (v) Development and implementation of a national foundational learning campaign emphasizing the joy of reading, writing, and numerical competency to involve parents and the larger education community; and (vi) Public provision of six monthly reports regarding the school and grade level accomplishment of literacy and numeracy. Educational resources and professional development plans for teachers will include considerations of gender equity and promote supportive and inclusive learning environments where all students feel encouraged to read, with specific measures outlined in the foundational learning strategy to close the gender gap in reading and in mathematics. This subcomponent will finance consultancy firms and individuals and procurement of the digital tools and the development, production, and dissemination of curricular and didactic materials for teachers and students. 29. _Subcomponent 2.2. Support of Digital Competencies and Hybrid Learning_ (US$95 million). This subcomponent will support the digitalization of learning through two

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: social cohesion between refugees and host communities, creating a strong foundation for future economic progress. 5. **Building on the gains made, the government’s strategic aim for refugee management is now to promote** **self-reliance.** As one of the four objectives of the GCR, self-reliance is also central to both the National Strategy for Sustainable Graduation and the draft Refugee Sustainable Graduation Strategy. Through successful implementation of the two strategies, the government expects to: (a) reduce expenditure on social safety net programs for Rwandese and humanitarian aid for refugees; and (b) unlock the potential of refugees to support economic development. This will also contribute to key results in Rwanda’s _National Strategy for Transformation 2 (2024-2029)_ on creating jobs, improving education and the quality-of service-delivery. Shifting to a development approach to achieve self-reliance is increasingly urgent in light of dwindling humanitarian assistance. For instance, funding for UNHCR in Rwanda fell from US$49 million in 2020 (only 49 percent of needs) to US$37 million in 2023 (41 percent of needs), despite almost no change in refugee numbers. 6. **Progress towards achieving refugee self-reliance is hampered by a lack of employment and income-** **generating opportunities.** A tailored Refugee Self-Reliance Index (RSRI) prepared by the GoR,

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: we split the sample according to the wealth score provided by DHS. Given the data structure, which is repeated cross-section, we cannot follow a particular household that was identified as belonging to the bottom 40 percent in the initial time period. Instead, we identify the bottom 40 percent in four groups: far away, before mine or during mine, and close to mine, before mine or during mine. The summary statistics for selected main outcomes are presented in table 10. As the table shows, the bottom 40 percent in mining communities are more likely engaging in agriculture than the bottom 40 percent elsewhere. This could illustrate that agricultural workers are overrepresented among the less well-off in mining communities. However, women in this group still more often work in services than women did before in the same communities. 15 Fastgini is a user-written command in STATA that helps calculate the gini coefficient. 27

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: 2015; Mallick et al. 2011; Mallick and Vogt 2013; Shameem and Momtaz 2014; Siddiqui et al. 2013; Sultana and Mallick 2015). With the notable exception of Dasgupta et al. (2016), these studies have seldom used household-level data to assess the impacts of past cyclones on communities and households, as well as their role in the formation of expectations about future impacts. Such research requires construction of a georeferenced panel database that specifies the dates of cyclonic storms, their coastal landfall points, subsequent interior paths, and measures of relative power. Construction of an appropriate spatial panel has therefore been a primary objective of this exercise. To support ongoing research, we focus on the coastal regions of Bangladesh and two contiguous Indian states -- West Bengal and Odisha. However, our approach could easily be extended to cover an arbitrarily-large set of coastal regions. 2

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: **1 Introduction** The mining sector in Africa is growing rapidly and is the main recipient of foreign direct investment (World Bank 2011). The welfare effects of this sector are not well understood, although a literature has recently developed around this question. The main contribution of this paper is to shed light on the welfare effects of gold mining in a detailed, in-depth country study of Ghana, a country with a long tradition of gold mining and a recent, large expansion in capital intensive and industrial-scale production. A second contribution of this paper is to show the importance of decomposing the effects with respect to distance from the mines. Given the spatial heterogeneity of the results, we explore the effects in an individual-level, difference-in-differences analysis by using spatial lag models to allow for nonlinear effects with distance from mine. We also allow for spillovers across districts, in a district-level analysis. We use two complementary geocoded household data sets to analyze outcomes in Ghana: the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and the Ghana Living Standard Survey (GLSS), which provide information on a wide range of welfare outcomes. The paper contributes to the growing literature on the local effects of mining. Much of

Demographic and Health Survey
Ghana Living Standard Survey

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: **The World Bank** Zambia Refugee and Host Communities Project (P503941) 9. **External audit.** The project audit will be carried out by the Office of the Auditor General who is mandated by law to do so. The implementing agencies will prepare annual financial statements for their operations, including for the project at the end of each financial year. The audit TOR will be prepared by the implementing agencies and cleared by the World Bank before each year’s audit. The auditors will produce an audit report and management letter highlighting areas/issues which will require addressing. The MoHAIS will be required to submit the audit report together with the management letter to the World Bank not later than six months after the end of the financial year. 10. **FM supervision and implementation support.** FM supervision support will be conducted on a semiannual basis and will include interviews and desk reviews such as the review of the IFRs, statements of expenditure, and audit reports **.** **PROCUREMENT** 11. Standard Procurement Documents (SPD). The World Bank’s SPDs will be used for procurement of goods, works, and non-consulting services under the open international competitive procurement approach. Similarly, selection of consultant firms will use the World Bank’s SPDs,

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: Migration, pp. 1-23.](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40176-018-0138-2) 3 The self-reliance survey is part of the “Enhancing Self-Reliance and Preparedness for Forced Displacement in the Great Lakes Region” activity [(P500793) and draws on the global Refugee Self-Reliance Initiative index (www.refugeeselfreliance.org).](http://www.refugeeselfreliance.org/) 4 Phase I of Jya Mbere was approved on April 30, 2019, and will close on October 30, 2026. Of the total Phase I budget of US$84.41 million, US$68 million is from the IDA 18 Sub-window for Refugees & Host Communities and the IDA 19 Window for Host Communities & Refugees (WHR) and US$4.41 million was provided in co-financing by the Danish International Development Agency (Danida). 5 To meet WHR eligibility requirements, the Government submitted a Strategy Note on supporting refugees, which was discussed and agreed with the World Bank. Page 1

global Refugee Self-Reliance Initiative index

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: over time difficult. Valuation of a future loss is also complicated due to ambiguity in the rate of time preference. In light of these uncertainties, we estimated the economic value of the wetlands at risk for a single scenario of 1 m SLR using the current literature on valuation of wetlands. The economic value of the wetlands at risk from 1 m SLR in the 76 developing countries considered in this analysis is around USD 630 million per year (in USD 2000). It is hoped that the estimates of wetlands at risk from SLR reported in this paper would offer insights into the extent to which countries may be willing to invest to protect coastal wetlands or facilitate their migration as sea level rises. At the outset, we acknowledge several important limitations of our analysis. First, we have not assessed the time profile of 1 m SLR. We take this scenario as given, and assess the _exposure_ of the present wetland stock for each of the 76 developing countries and five regions. Second, the digital elevation (90m DEM V2) data we use in our analysis gives altitude in 1-meter increments, preventing us from sub-meter SLR modeling. [13] Third, the lack

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: 22,200 people per month in refugee-hosting areas of Djibouti [13] . 14. **Women are disproportionately affected by socio-economic disadvantages in Djibouti, facing significant gaps** **across different dimensions, including access to basic services, education and employment opportunities** . Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) is reported to be higher among women than men (27 percent vs. 18 percent in the 15-24 age group and 27 percent vs. 23 percent in the 25-39 age group), as well as food insecurity is reported to be higher among female-headed households [FHHs] (51 percent vs. 45.5 percent) [14] . Women, who are generally the primary caregivers of infants and children, tend to lack information on beneficial practices related to child nutrition, parenting practices, and child stimulation (the proportion of women with children less than six months of age practicing exclusive breastfeeding stands at 12 percent [15] ). Women also experience higher unemployment rates (36 percent vs. 22 percent for men) and are more likely to hold vulnerable, informal, or part-time jobs (44.5 percent vs. 18.5 percent for men). In rural areas, the employment gaps widen further. Overall, men have better access to credit and financial services, productive inputs, and business opportunities with consequences on female entrepreneurship [16]

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: the CRRF, which is served by a small secretariat under the Office of the Prime Minister (OPM). While the coordination structures are fully functional, more support is needed for operational coordination on the ground considering the growing refugee population and the increasing number of development projects supporting host-community-refugee inclusion. For instance, in 2016, DRDIP was the only World Bank-financed project on forced displacement in Uganda. By 2025, however, there are 11 projects funded by the IDA Window for Host Communities and Refugees (WHR), with a total budget of US$666 million. Continued strong government leadership from OPM will be required to facilitate effective coordination across these and related projects. 10. **The project is aligned with the World Bank Maximizing Finance for Development approach.** Private investment generated through Component 3 on Economic Opportunity counts as Private Capital Mobilization (PCM). Sub-component 3.1 on Resilient Value Chains and Enterprise Investments (US$77.5 million) will provide group-based revolving funds and start-up grants to approximately 234,500 beneficiaries to enhance their economic investments and value chain engagement. PCM of US$10 million has been added to the financing table based on beneficiaries' monthly collective 10 Climate Risk Profile: Uganda (2021): The World Bank Group. 11 “Uganda’s Intended Nationally Determined

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: **The World Bank** Integrated Community Resilience Project (P506969) PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT cash transfers, financial and productive inclusion as well as social services delivery to maximize the resilience of communities and households. 57. **Additionally, the project will draw on insight from the Yemen Emergency Crisis (ECRP) (2016-2022)** . **which** **sought to provide short-term employment and access to selected basic services to the most vulnerable and preserve** **existing implementation capacity of service delivery.** The project will strengthen private sector linkages, drawing from good practices identified in the ECRP, which demonstrated how participatory planning processes enabled the identification and prioritization of local economic needs. Djibouti’s project will similarly be community-driven, ensuring that refugees, host communities, and local entrepreneurs/microenterprises are actively engaged in identifying their needs and priorities. Drawing from Yemen’s example, the project will align productive facilities and local markets with SME operations to strengthen supply chain linkages and create sustainable economic ecosystems in targeted regions. [24] **III.** **PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION** **A. Institutional and Implementation Arrangements** 58. **The Ministry of Social Affairs and Solidarity (MASS)** **will serve as the primary implementing agency for the** **project, leading the implementation** **of Component 1: Social Safety Nets Systems**, **while the** **Djiboutian Social** **Development Agency (ADDS)** **will take

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: **The World Bank** Integrated Community Resilience Project (P506969) PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT support nutritional consumption needs - accompanied with SBCC to promote human development behavior change good practices; (ii) financial inclusion services (FIS) to strengthen the economic resilience of poor and vulnerable households; and (iii) support for strengthening the Social Registry (SR) so that it becomes a stronger underpinning for effective coordination of social programs, ensures better targeting of safety nets, and provides credible information for measurement of results and impacts for all vulnerable populations, including refugees and hosts. 30. **Sustainability of the social safety nets** . Sustainable financing is critical to building an effective and efficient safety net system in Djibouti that can mitigate the adverse impacts of the perennial crises on the poor and vulnerable. The government committed to making efforts to increasing government financing for social safety nets as project financing declines. This commitment is being renewed and related technical simulations will be mainstreamed into the technical assistance that is being provided by the World Bank under the Strengthening Adaptive Social Protection Systems (P166220). Recommendations from the Technical Assistance will be discussed with the MASS and the Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEFI) and be mainstreamed into the

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source


Input: the European Union (EU). The World Food Programme (WFP) has provided food assistance to refugees in Mantapala refugee settlement since 2017. The project’s three components will contribute to the building of a future policy framework and an operational model for the use of WHR resources that could be extended to assist refugees and host communities in other areas across the country. 44. **The project is timely.** National ownership and political will are prerequisites both for successful implementation and sustainability. The GRZ has demonstrated a commitment to both, and it is important that momentum is maintained to prevent any possible backsliding on the reform agenda. The World Bank in Zambia is active in all the sectors proposed as interventions under this project, which is aligned with sector approaches and designed to leverage cooperation with larger sector investments. **F. Lessons Learned and Reflected in the Project Design** 45. **Several key lessons pertinent to the objectives of the Window for Host Communities and Refugees (WHR) in** **Zambia have emerged from implementation of the CPF 2019–2024.** They include the importance of a multisectoral approach, the importance of stakeholder engagement, the challenges faced by the Government in addressing institutional constraints, and the need for simpler

A dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system with a specific proper name that can be cited, queried, or downloaded as a data source

A data source described by its characteristics or producer rather than a proper name, containing a data noun and at least one identifying descriptor

A general reference to data, information, or statistics that contains a data noun but lacks enough specificity to identify the exact source