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README.md
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license: cc-by-4.0
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---
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language:
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- fo
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license: cc-by-4.0
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pretty_name: "FO-Instruct: Faroese Instruction Dataset"
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task_categories:
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- text-generation
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size_categories:
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- n<1K
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tags:
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- faroese
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- instruction-tuning
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- question-answering
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- language-models
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---
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# FO-Instruct: Faroese Instruction Dataset
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**FO-Instruct** is a Faroese instruction dataset containing **571 instruction–response pairs**. The dataset was created to support the development, training, and evaluation of language models that understand and generate Faroese.
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Each example consists of an instruction or question in Faroese and a corresponding response in Faroese.
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The dataset was developed at the **Centre for Language Technology (Máltøknidepilin), University of the Faroe Islands (Fróðskaparsetur Føroya)** by **Iben Nyholm Debess, Uni Johannesen, and Birita Dal-Christiansen**.
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## Dataset structure
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The dataset contains 571 examples with the following fields:
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| Field | Description |
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| --- | --- |
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| `contributor_id` | Pseudonymous identifier for the contributor who created the example |
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| `instruction` | An instruction or question written in Faroese |
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| `output` | The corresponding response written in Faroese |
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The `contributor_id` field preserves information about the origin of individual examples. The three contributors are represented as `contributor_1`, `contributor_2`, and `contributor_3`.
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The contributors created their examples independently, and the full collections were not systematically cross-reviewed for duplicate or closely related topics. Retaining a contributor identifier therefore makes it possible for users to identify examples originating from the same contributor and to take possible topical overlap or contributor-specific patterns into account when analysing or using the dataset.
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The contributor identifiers are pseudonymous within the row-level data and are not intended to map individual examples to named contributors.
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## Example
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```json
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{
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"contributor_id": "contributor_1",
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"instruction": "Hvat eitur hægsta fjall í Føroyum, og hvussu høgt er tað?",
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"output": "Hægsta fjallið eitur Slættaratindur og er 880 metrar høgt."
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}
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```
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Another example:
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```json
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{
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"contributor_id": "contributor_1",
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"instruction": "Hvat er slag av gróti er mest av í Føroyum?",
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"output": "Í Føroyum er mest basalt, ið stavar frá eldgosum."
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}
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```
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## Content
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The dataset contains a diverse collection of Faroese instruction–response pairs covering both Faroese-specific knowledge and more general topics.
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A substantial part of the dataset focuses on the Faroe Islands, including:
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- Faroese history and society
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- geography, geology and nature
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- transport and infrastructure
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- politics and public institutions
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- media and religion
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- industry, fisheries and the economy
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- Faroese culture, traditions and national symbols
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- literature, authors and other notable Faroese people
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- traditional Faroese clothing
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- sports and Faroese athletes
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The dataset also contains extensive material about the Faroese language, including:
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- grammar and word classes
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- spelling and orthography
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- vocabulary and etymology
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- loanwords and inherited words
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- language history
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- Faroese dialects and regional variation
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- the development of the Faroese written language
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Other examples cover the Nordic countries and neighbouring regions, including Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Greenland, Shetland and Orkney, as well as general European geography, history and culture.
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There are also instruction–response pairs concerning areas such as literature and children's literature, law, taxation, mathematics, science, health, food, travel, sports, everyday advice and general knowledge.
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The dataset therefore combines factual question answering with more open-ended instructions, explanations and recommendations, providing a varied resource for developing and evaluating Faroese instruction-following language models.
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## Intended uses
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FO-Instruct can be used for tasks such as:
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- instruction tuning
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- supervised fine-tuning
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- question answering
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- evaluation of Faroese instruction-following capabilities
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- Faroese text generation
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- research on language technology for low-resource languages
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The dataset may also be combined with other Faroese or multilingual datasets when training or evaluating language models.
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The `contributor_id` field can additionally be used when analysing contributor-specific patterns or investigating whether closely related examples originate from the same or different contributors.
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## Language
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The dataset is entirely in **Faroese**.
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The ISO 639-1 language code for Faroese is `fo`.
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## Data format
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The dataset is distributed as **JSON Lines (`JSONL`)**, with one example per line.
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```json
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{"contributor_id":"contributor_1","instruction":"Hvat er slag av gróti er mest av í Føroyum?","output":"Í Føroyum er mest basalt, ið stavar frá eldgosum."}
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{"contributor_id":"contributor_1","instruction":"Nær vórðu Føroyar til jarðfrøðiliga?","output":"Jarðfrøðiliga vórðu Føroyar til í tertiertíðini, fyri umleið 55-60 milliónum árum síðani."}
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```
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The dataset file is located at:
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```text
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data/train.jsonl
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```
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## Loading the dataset
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The dataset can be loaded using the Hugging Face `datasets` library:
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```python
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from datasets import load_dataset
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dataset = load_dataset("maltoknidepilin/fo-instruct")
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print(dataset["train"][0])
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```
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An individual example will have the following structure:
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```python
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{
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"contributor_id": "contributor_1",
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"instruction": "...",
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"output": "..."
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}
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```
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## Dataset creation
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FO-Instruct was developed at the **Centre for Language Technology (Máltøknidepilin)** at the **University of the Faroe Islands (Fróðskaparsetur Føroya)**.
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The instruction–response pairs were manually created by three contributors.
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Contributors worked independently on their respective sets of examples. The complete contributions were not systematically cross-reviewed for duplicate or closely related topics. As a result, similar subjects may occur in examples created independently by different contributors.
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To preserve this provenance without directly identifying the creator of each individual row, each example contains a pseudonymous `contributor_id`.
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### Creators
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- Iben Nyholm Debess
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- Uni Johannesen
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- Birita Dal-Christiansen
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## Limitations
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FO-Instruct is a relatively small dataset consisting of 571 examples. It is therefore not intended to provide comprehensive coverage of Faroese language, knowledge, subject areas, or instruction types.
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Because the contributors created examples independently and the complete dataset was not systematically cross-reviewed for topical overlap, the dataset may contain instructions that address identical or closely related subjects.
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There may also be contributor-specific differences in question formulation, topic selection, level of detail, and response style. The `contributor_id` field is retained so that users can take such patterns into account where relevant.
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The responses in the dataset should not necessarily be regarded as authoritative sources of factual information. Users should evaluate the suitability and accuracy of the data for their particular application.
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Some responses concern facts that may change over time, and users should therefore independently verify time-sensitive information when necessary.
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## License
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FO-Instruct is released under the **Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)** license.
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## Citation
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If you use FO-Instruct in research or other published work, please cite the dataset:
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```bibtex
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@dataset{fo_instruct_2026,
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title = {FO-Instruct: Faroese Instruction Dataset},
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author = {Debess, Iben Nyholm and Johannesen, Uni and Dal-Christiansen, Birita},
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publisher = {Centre for Language Technology, University of the Faroe Islands},
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year = {2026}
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}
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```
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## About the Centre for Language Technology
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The **Centre for Language Technology (Máltøknidepilin)** at the University of the Faroe Islands develops language resources and technologies for Faroese.
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More information and Faroese language technology resources are available at:
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https://mtd.setur.fo/
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